March 2019 Kidsville News! by Gwinnett Daily Post Special Section

HEY! THIS PAPER BELONGS TO:

GWINNETT COUNTY’S FUN FAMILY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE

OUR AMAZING EARTH

F REE www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

check out the calendar pagE FOR THINGS TO DO THIS MONTH!

MARCH 2019

Hi, HiKid, s!Kids!

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2 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

ailing has been an important part of human discovery for thousands of years. More than 3,000 years ago, people from Southeast Asia used canoes to travel hundreds of miles across the ocean to the islands of Samoa and Tonga, which are located in the South Pacific Ocean. Those ancient people made new homes and came to be called the Polynesian people. The Polynesians continued to use canoes and sailing to explore and settle new lands. They traveled as far as Hawaii and New Zealand. Canoes and sailing are still an important part of the culture in the Pacific Islands. • A special type of canoe was used by ancient Polynesians to travel long distances over the ocean. These were called voyaging canoes. • These canoes are made of two long wooden single canoes connected by wooden or rope structures with large sails. • Each canoe was called a hull. The pieces connecting the hulls were called crossbeams. • Each boat could hold 24 people, food,

livestock and plants. • This is called a two-hulled design or double canoe. It gives the canoes more stability in rough waters. • The double canoe design also made the voyaging canoes stable and strong enough to be able to carry very heavy loads. • Voyaging canoes could be as long as 50-60 feet. • Each hull was carved from the trunk of a single tree.

Creating traditional canoes is important to Polynesian culture. Hawaiian craftsmen use local plants to create these boats that can travel long distances across the open ocean. Making all the pieces of these voyaging canoes is a complicated process, but the knowledge has been passed down for generations. Every piece of the canoe has to be made by hand using local resources, and it can take a very long time. For example, ropes and cords are often made from plants like coconut trees. Just making one coconut cord can take more than three weeks and involves soaking the fibers, beating them with wooden mallets and tightly braiding them so the ropes can be used to secure things on the canoe.

www.pbs.org/wayfinders/polynesian2.html archive.hokulea.com/ike/kalai_waa/kane_search_voyaging_canoe.html archive.hokulea.com/ike/kalai_waa/kane_evolution_hawaiian_canoe.html

n earthquake is when an area of Earth’s crust suddenly starts to shake. This shaking is caused by seismic waves — energy that travels through Earth’s layers.

Days to remember in March

Earth’s crust is broken up into large pieces called tectonic plates. These plates push against each other and store large amounts of energy. When the plates suddenly shift or slip, they release the stored energy. This is what creates seismic waves and earthquakes. Most earthquakes happen around the edges of tectonic plates where they bump and hit the edges of other plates.

MARCH 17 Saint Patrick’s Day is a celebration of Irish history and tradition. It honors the patron saint of Ireland. Saint Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland in the 400s. Today, there are more than 34 million Americans of Irish descent. That is more than eight times the population of Ireland!

Earthquakes cannot be predicted, but they can be measured. Scientists use a tool called the Richter scale to measure earthquakes. The Richter scale was created by two seismologists, scientists who study earthquakes, in 1935. The scientists were Charles F. Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The Richter scale is important because it lets people and scientists compare how strong earthquakes are. Modern seismologists have changed the Richter scale a little since 1935 to make it more accurate. The scale starts at 1. These earthquakes are so small that most people don’t feel them. There are more than 100,000 of these micro earthquakes every year. The largest earthquakes are eight and higher. These are called “great” earthquakes and are very dangerous. There are usually fewer than three in a year, but they can destroy entire towns.

• • • • • • •

50,000 earthquakes are measured every year. Only 100 a year cause significant damage. Seismology is the study of earthquakes. The largest earthquake ever recorded happened in 1960 in Valdivia, Chile. It is called the Great Chilean Earthquake. It lasted 10 minutes and registered as a 9.4-9.6 on the Richter scale. It is estimated that an earthquake measuring 11 on the Richter scale would split the earth in two.

MARCH 20 We celebrate Earth Day to make us all more aware of the planet, how we treat it and how we use its resources. In 1971, United Nations General Secretary General U Thant signed a proclamation making Earth Day an official day of observation.

www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 3

The earth is made of five different layers. The top and thinnest layer is called the crust. Under the crust is the mantle. The mantle is made of hot, molten rock. Sometimes Earth’s crust has cracks, and things really heat up! This is called volcanic activity.

Geysers and Hot Springs Geysers and hot springs are types of volcanic activity. They happen when magma — that hot, molten rock under Earth’s crust — heats water

that naturally occurs in the ground. In hot springs, the water sits at the surface of Earth’s crust. The temperature of hot springs vary. Some are safe for people to swim in, and others are so hot they are too dangerous to touch. Geysers are a type of hot spring, but not the kind you would want to swim in. Water is heated by magma under the earth’s crust, but what makes a geyser special is that the water erupts from the spring and shoots steam and water into the air. Geysers can be as hot as 450 degrees Fahrenheit.

Volcanoes Volcanoes are places where Earth’s crust is broken. Magma from within the earth makes its way through to the surface. These eruptions can be very dangerous. Some eruptions are so violent they spray hot magma and super-heated rocks all around the surrounding areas. Some eruptions are much slower, and magma slowly leaks from the volcano.

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, United States www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/volclandforms.htm

ete.cet.edu/gcc/?/volcanoes_types/

4 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

www.britannica.com/science/volcano/Hot-springs-and-geysers

MATH Draw the line of symmetry for each of these shapes.

TIME

If all clothes with buttons were here,

and all clothes with zippers were here,

what would go in the middle?

Students’ understanding of symmetry is evident in this example as well as their ability to draw the appropriate line.

Clothes with buttons and zippers. Identifying attributes can be a powerful tool to help students make logical distinctions between and among ideas and concepts in mathematics. String circles, yarn circles, or hula hoops make it easy for children to see and manipulate objects during sorting activities.

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www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 5

WHAT KIDSVILLE NEWS!

IT’S LIKE TO BE...

PIERCE FITZGERALD DISNEY ON ICE SKATER/ and start warming up in becoming a performer for Disney for the show. On Ice? Your job sounds really fun. What’s When I was a lot the hardest part of younger I actually saw the show I’m performing your job? in right now and I The hardest part, I’ll begged my parents for say, is living out of a ice skating lessons so I suitcase, not seeing my could one day skate for family everyday but this amazing show and knowing they’re (my now I’m here. family) always a call Hometown: Alderley Edge, England

Q&A

What does it take to become a performer for Disney On Ice Celebrates 100 Years of Magic? It takes a lot of training, personality and an open mind about skating in a way that may be out of your comfort zone. When, and why, did you first become interested

Just learning to keep my body fit, active and healthy in order to perform everyday consistently. What do you do every day? What’s a typical day on the job?

away makes it all okay and easy.

What’s the scariest thing you’ve had to deal with being a performer for Disney On Ice? Probably just learning different spots in the

Well, I’ll have my morning coffee, walk to work and as soon as I get to the arena, I’ll start checking my costumes to make sure everything is there and I’ll put on my makeup

6 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

What’s the best part of your job? Easily, seeing the smiling faces of everyone in the audience knowing I’ve made their day performing for them. And I love doing it. Would you do any other job if you could? Oddly enough, I’d love to be a drummer in an orchestra pit of a musical theatre show, a live stunt performer or something in the performing industry.

What is your favorite hobby or thing to do when you are not working? I love to play the drums, sculpt in clay, sing in the shower, listen to music or scuba dive. What advice would you like to give kids (boys or girls) who are interested in becoming a skater for Disney On Ice? Keep training and work on your acting skills. And enjoy what you’re doing because this job could be just around the corner for you.

April 25-28 • Infinite Energy Arena www.DisneyOnIce.com

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Pierce Fitzgerald

What challenges did you have to overcome to get to where you are now?

ensemble numbers and not messing up the choreography.

The buddy system is widely used to help men and women get in shape. Friends can encourage their workout partners to get off the couch on days when their motivation might be waning, and partners can return that favor when the roles are reversed. And the benefits of the buddy system are not exclusive to adults, as families can rely on it to make sure moms, dads and kids each get the exercise they need. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ongoing exercise can help people of all ages control their weight, improve their mental health and mood and reduce their risk for various diseases, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes. And the benefits may go beyond those normally associated with exercise, particularly for young people. A 2009 analysis of the fitness records of 1.2 million Swedish men born between 1950 and 1976 found that the more exercise they had during adolescence, the more likely they were to be professionally successful as adults. Getting fit as a family can be easy. The following are just a few ways parents and their children can get in shape together. 1. Start dancing. Dancing isn’t just a fun activity; it’s also a very healthy one. While dancing might often be categorized as a recreational activity, such a categorization overlooks the many health benefits of cutting a rug. Dancing is a great cardiovascular exercise that works multiple parts of the body. Routine cardiovascular exercise has been linked to reduced risk for heart disease and other ailments. In addition, a 2009 study from researchers in South Korea found that hip hop dancing can boost mood and lower stress. 2. Schedule daily exercise time.

Saturday, March 16, 2019 8 a.m. - 12 pm. at the Infinite Energy Center Interview pre-screened applicants in the fields of: Parents and their children are as busy as ever, so it makes sense to schedule family exercise time just like you schedule family meals or outings to the museum. Kids who compete in sports may already get enough physical activity each day. The CDC recommends children participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day, so kids who aren’t playing sports can spend an hour each day sweating alongside mom and dad. 3. Walk after dinner. Families who routinely dine together can delay doing the dishes to walk off their meals. A walk around the neighborhood after dinner provides solid family time, but it’s also a great way to stay healthy. A 2017 study from researchers at the University of Warwick that was published in the International Journal of Obesity found that people who took 15,000 or more steps each day tended to have healthy body mass indexes, or BMIs. That’s an important benefit, as an unhealthy BMI is often a characteristic of obesity. Getting fit as a family can be fun and pay long-term dividends for parents and children alike.

• Math • Science • Special Education • Spanish • French • Elementary with Endorsements • Other Critical Needs Areas TBD

www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 7

The internet is a valuable tool that can benefit kids in the classroom and beyond. But as parents know, the internet also can be a danger to youngsters. As hard as parents may try to govern their childrens’ internet usage, kids’ curiosity often compels them to go online when parents aren’t keeping watch. Parental controls are a great way to protect youngsters while they’re online. Setting up such controls may vary depending on the type of devices kids use, and the following guide can help parents whose children use popular Android, Amazon Fire and iOS devices. ANDROID The parental controls on Android devices allow moms and dads to restrict access to various types of content, including television shows and movies, games and apps. The Family Link app, which can be downloaded through the Google Play store, enables parents to track their kids’ online usage and even set up limits on how much time they can spend online each day, as well as monitor the location of the device and when it is on. When using the Family Link app, parents will need to create a separate Google account for their children. AMAZON FIRE Amazon Fire is another popular, user-friendly tablet that many children use. Each Fire device comes with FreeTime built-in. FreeTime bans advertisements and restricts purchases so kids cannot spend mom and dad’s money without permission. In addition, FreeTime allows parents to restrict content, ensuring kids will only be able to see content approved by their parents. Adults also can set up time restrictions 8 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

to limit the amount of time their kids spend online, and they can even prevent access to certain activities, including video games. IOS The iOS is an operating system for mobile devices manufactured by Apple. The Screen Time function on iOS devices allows parents to restrict the use of and downloading of certain apps, including those built-in on iOS devices. Parents can specify which websites their children are allowed to visit, preventing them from visiting sites that kids should not see. Screen Time also allows parents to block purchases made through iTunes, ensuring kids won’t run rampant spending money on music, television shows and music. Parental controls can help parents’ monitor their youngsters’ tablet usage and protect them from visiting websites designed for adults.

DON’T LET INJURY KEEP HER FROM HER GOALS

Name all the symbols you recognize and which country you think they come from!

WHERE YOU TAKE THEM MATTERS

When Alison Cappas tore her ACL and MCL her freshman year in high school, she knew the road to recovery would be tough. But, through hard work and the help of the dedicated surgeons, physical therapists, and athletic trainers at Children’s, she’s returned to doing what she loves. Score one for Alison. Assist to Children’s.

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Alison Cappas, Left ACL Tear

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www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 9

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UPCOMING: 10 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

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Did You

KNOW? Picture this — it has been raining all day while you were at school. You know this because outside recess was cancelled. You are not looking forward to the bus ride home because it is likely to be wet, cold and soggy from all the wet kids waiting for the bus to arrive at school. Unfortunately, you are one of the last drop offs. You are thinking in the back of your mind about having to cross a few creeks to get home, and you have seen them full before from the rain. The bus comes to a halt at a creek out of its banks where water is flowing over the road. Your bus stop is just around the corner, and the bus driver seems to be thinking to himself what his next move should be. What do you do? Just wait and see what he decides? Your life might be in danger if he crosses that water. The road underneath the flowing water may not be intact, or maybe the water is deeper than expected. You speak up and ask him to please turn around and find another route. Thankfully, he takes your advice and radios into the dispatch about the delay of taking a different route home. Every year in the United States, more than 100 people

lose their lives from flooding. This puts flooding as the top thunderstorm-related hazard for deaths. The tragic part is most of these deaths could be prevented, as almost half of these fatalities occur in vehicles. So remember, if you’re riding in a vehicle and the driver is thinking about driving through flooded waters, speak up and say:

TURN AROUND, DON’T DROWN! It only takes 6 inches of fastmoving water to knock over an adult, let alone a child. Six nches is not very deep; it’s maybe up to your shins or about the width of your iPad or tablet. Twelve inches (one foot), or about the width of a basketball, of rushing water can carry away most cars, and two feet of rushing water can carry away bigger vehicles like SUVs and pickup trucks. That’s probably the length of your baseball bat. It is never safe to drive or walk into flood waters. If you are walking or riding your bike home from school and come to water flowing over the road or bike path, Turn Around, Don’t Drown!

According to Oldways, a nonprofit organization that helps people rediscover and embrace shared cultural eating traditions, traditional meals in Africa varied depending on where on the continent one might be. In Central Africa, Oldways notes that traditional meals were often based on hearty vegetable soups and stews that were poured over boiled and mashed tubers or grains. In Eastern Africa, the main features of traditional meals were whole grains and vegetables such as cabbage, kale and maize. In places like Ethiopia and Somalia, flatbreads play a significant role in traditional meals. Meals were based on these breads and beans, such as lentils, fava beans and chickpeas and served with spices. Beans were eaten throughout Africa, and Oldways notes that they were often pounded into a powder for bean pastes.

A rich Ugandan traditional meal of Sima/Ugali (cooked white mealie meal) with Chapati (thin rounded roti), Matoke (mashed green bananas), sugar beans, mboga (green vegetables) and goat meat steamed in and served in a bowl wrapped around green banana leaves.

Unscramble the clue word to solve the puzzle below. CEEDUR

WONBRIA CECRYEL VRCOEL

HARCLNPUEE

14 9

Copy the letters in the numbered cells to other cells with the same number.

7 1

HOMKACRS LIERAND

12 5

2 7

G 14 9

www.sustainablegwinnett.com www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 11

Come Out & Play

luau

Hawaii is famous for its parties known as luaus. When people think of luaus, they often picture roasted pig and hula dancing, but these traditional feasts have a long and rich history for the native people of Hawaii and other Polynesian countries. Before luaus, there were large celebratory feasts called aha’aina. These were celebrations for the entire village and took place after big events like a war, victory, births or launching a new canoe. These celebrations were also

• • • • • • •

Luaus are large celebrations with food, dancing and games for the whole village. Luaus can take days to prepare for, and people often stay to eat and have fun for hours. Traditionally, diners sit on mats made of woven leaves and eat with their hands instead of using spoons and forks. Hawaiian kings often threw luaus to celebrate. These royal parties were huge and could have thousands of people attending the feast. One traditional food eaten at luaus is Kalua pig. To make this, whole pigs are roasted in an underground oven called an imu. The largest luau was held in 1847 and was hosted by King Kamehameha III.

• • • • • • •

religious and had some strict rules. For example, men and women had to eat separately. There were also specific foods that only men or tribal chiefs could eat. King Kamehameha II changed these rules in 1819. He publicly ate with women and broke some of the traditions associated with the celebration. His actions redefined the celebratory feasts and made the modern-day luau into an event where everyone is welcome to enjoy the celebration.

271 pigs, 3,125 salted fish, 4,000 taro plants and 2,245 coconuts were needed to feed the crowd. Games are a popular form of entertainment at luaus. One traditional Hawaiian game is called Ulu Maika. It is similar to bowling. To play, two wooden stakes are placed in the ground 6 inches apart and 15 feet away from the players. Players score points by rolling a stone or ball between the two stakes. Players alternate throwing the stone or ball. The person with the most points after 10 turns is the winner. The balls are usually thrown underhanded. To make it easier or harder, players can move closer or farther from © Frank Schulenburg - own work the stakes. theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-hawaiian-luau/ www.polynesia.com/what-to-play/

www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-foley/exploring-the-history-of-_b_5275963.html

Where in the World Is ...

he Hawaiian Islands are a chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean. The first people to live on these islands were the Polynesians. They sailed 2,000 miles across the ocean from the Marquesas Islands in canoes to the Hawaiian Islands in 400 C.E. For years, local tribes and their kings lived and fought over land on the islands. In 1810, King Kamehameha conquered all of the rulers on the islands and united them into one kingdom. • • • • • • • •

The first European to see the Hawaiian Islands was James Cook in 1778. Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898. It became the 50th state in 1959. The population of Hawaii is 1,431,603. The biggest city in the state is Honolulu. Hawaii is the world’s largest island chain. Hawaii is made of 132 islands, but people only live on seven of them. The islands people live on are Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai and Niihau.

• • • • • • •

Hawaii is also called the Big Island. The state flower is the yellow hibiscus. There are two official languages: English and Hawaiian. The Hawaiian Islands have hundreds of unique animal and plant species. The volcanic soil makes it incredibly rich with nutrients. Hawaii still celebrates King Kamehameha Day. It is on June 11. Hawaii means “Homeland” or “Place of the Gods.”

The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic. They were created when magma broke through Earth’s crust. The magma cooled when it touched the sea water and hardened into rock. Eventually, the cooled magma built up enough to rise above sea level and create an island. There are still active volcanoes in Hawaii. The most active is Kilauea; it is on the Big Island. It has been constantly erupting for 30 years. It spews enough lava that it makes the island 40 acres bigger every year.

www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/hawaii/?q=&page=1&per_page=25 kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/states/hawaii/#hawaii-beach.png

www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/hawaii-history-and-heritage-4164590/

12 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

Kauai County, United States

HEXAGON AT NIGHT, QUARTET IN THE MORNING

This article is distributed by NASA Night Sky Network. The Night Sky Network program supports astronomy clubs across the USA dedicated to astronomy outreach. Visit nightsky.jpl.nasa.org to find local clubs, events, and more!

By David Prosper

The stars of the Winter Hexagon Image created with help from Stellarium

The stars that make up the Winter Hexagon asterism are some of the brightest in the night sky, and February evenings were a great time to enjoy their sparkly splendor. The Winter Hexagon is so large in size that the six stars that make up its points are also the brightest members of six different constellations, making the Hexagon a great starting point for learning the winter sky. Stargazers could find the Hexagon by looking southeast after sunset and finding the bright red star that forms the “left shoulder” of the constellation Orion: Betelgeuse. Think of Betelgeuse as the center of a large irregular clock, with the Winter Hexagon stars as the clock’s hour numbers. Move diagonally across Orion to spot its “right foot,” the bright star Rigel. Moving clockwise from Rigel is the brightest star in the night sky: Sirius in Canis Major. Continue ticking along clockwise to Procyon in Canis Minor and then towards Pollux, the brighter of the Gemini twins. Keep moving around the circuit to find Capella in Auriga, and finish at orange Aldebaran, the “eye” of the V-shaped face of Taurus the Bull. Two naked-eye planets were visible in the evening sky in February. As red Mars moved across Pisces, NASA’s InSight Mission readied its suite of geological instruments designed to study the Martian interior. InSight and the rest of humanity’s robotic Martian

emissaries will be joined by the Mars 2020 rover. The SUV-sized robot is slated to launch next year on a mission to study the possibility of past life on the red planet. A conjunction between Mars and Uranus on Feb. 13 was a treat for telescopic observers. Mars passed a little over a degree away from Uranus, and larger magnifications allowed comparisons between the small red disc of dusty Mars with the smaller and much more distant blue-green disc of ice giant Uranus. Speedy Mercury had a good showing, making its highest appearance in the evening on Feb. 27 above the western horizon at sunset. The morning planets put on quite a show in February. The bright planets Venus, Jupiter and Saturn were above the eastern horizon all month, at times forming a neat lineup. A crescent Moon made a stunning addition on the mornings of Feb. 1-2, and again on the 28th. Over the course of the month, Venus traveled from its position above Jupiter to below dimmer Saturn. Venus and Saturn were in close conjunction on the 18th. The Night Sky Network has a simple activity that helps explain the nature of both Venus and Mercury’s phases at bit.ly/venusphases

Catch up on all of NASA’s past, current and future missions at nasa.gov

www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 13

Kidsville Kitchen Whip up waffles the whole family can enjoy While the dinner table might be where families catch up and share stories of their day, breaking bread at breakfast time can be just as enjoyable. That’s especially true when families take the time to create homemade breakfasts, such as the following recipe for “Orange Whole-Wheat Waffles with Yogurt and Fresh Berries” from Susie Cushner’s “Sunday Brunch” (Chronicle Books).

Makes about 6 5- to 6-inch waffles; Serves 4 to 6 ORANGE WHOLE-WHEAT WAFFLES 2 1⁄4 cups white whole-wheat flour 3

tablespoons sugar

teaspoons baking powder

1⁄4

teaspoon salt

11⁄4

cups whole milk

1⁄2

cup freshly squeezed orange juice

eggs, separated

5 teaspoons packed, grated orange zest 6

tablespoons unsalted butter, melted and slightly cooled

YOGURT TOPPING 1 cup Greek-style yogurt (see note) 4 teaspoons honey 1 teaspoon grated orange zest, packed Fresh raspberries, strawberries or blueberries, for garnish

1. For the Orange Whole-Wheat Waffles: Preheat a waffle iron (and, if you plan to hold the waffles until serving time, preheat the oven to 200 F). 2. In a large serving bowl, stir together the flour, sugar, baking powder and salt. In another bowl, whisk together the milk, orange juice, egg yolks and orange zest. In a third bowl, beat the egg whites until firm, but not stiff. 3. Make a well in the dry ingredients and pour in the milk mixture, blending gently only until the ingredients are combined. Add the butter in a slow stream, continuing to blend until the butter is incorporated. Gently fold in the egg whites. 4. For the yogurt topping: In a small serving bowl, whisk together the yogurt, honey and orange zest. 5. Pour 1⁄2 cup of the batter (or more, depending on the size of your waffle iron) onto the waffle iron and, using a metal spatula or table knife, spread the batter to within 1⁄2 inch of the edge. Close the cover and cook approximately 3 minutes, or until crisp and golden brown. (If your waffles aren’t crisp, even after a “ready” signal has sounded, continue to cook them, watching carefully, until crisp and golden. If not serving immediately, place the waffles in a single layer on a baking sheet in the preheated oven while you finish with the remaining batter.) 6. Serve the waffles topped with a generous dollop of the yogurt mixture and garnish with some berries. Note: Nonfat as well as reduced- to whole-fat varieties of Greek yogurt work in this recipe.

588350-1

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What are geothermal ecosystems?

Just as on land, the ocean floor has mountains and valleys. These features are created, as they are on land, when the tectonic plates of Earth’s crust move and shift. In the ocean, these geothermal activities can create something called a hydrothermal vent. These are areas where Earth’s magma (liquid rock) that has seeped into the ocean floor heats the cold sea water. The hot water is pushed out of vents or cracks in the sea floor. Normally on the ocean floor, the water is cold because it is too deep for sunlight to reach it. Hydrothermal vents are special because the water that comes out of them is very hot and full of chemicals and nutrients. The heat and nutrients in the water near these vents let some special animals survive on the sea floor where other sea life could not survive. • • • • • • •

Water around hydrothermal vents can be 750 degrees Fahrenheit. The life around hydrothermal vents includes microbes. Microbes eat the chemicals that come out of the vents. Microbes turn these chemicals into compounds that other animals can use. The very first hydrothermal vent was discovered by Robert Ballard in 1977. He found the vent 8,000 feet under the water in the Galapagos Rift off the coast of South America. Since 1977, vents have been found all over the globe, and 800 new animal species have been discovered. • Most of the life living near the vents are microbes, but the billions of microbes are necessary to support larger animals as well. • Scientist have found crabs, shrimp, tube worms and octopuses living near hydrothermal vents. Since the first vent was discovered, scientists have been excited to search for and explore new hydrothermal vents. The ecosystems that grow around these vents are unique. The animals that live in these extreme conditions can teach us a lot about life and how it might have looked millions of years ago. Pacific Ring of Fire 2004 Expedition. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration; Dr. Bob Embley, NOAA PMEL, Chief Scientist. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

ANSWERS

www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett • March 2019 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • 15

This film is based on the legend of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, including the legend of the magical sword, Excalibur. based on the legend of King Arthur At night, everyone and the Knights of the Round Table, disappears from the including the legend of the magical world except for Alex sword, Excalibur. At night, everyone and anyone he has disappears from the world knighted. except for Alex and They can take anyone he has knighted. whatever they want They can whatever and trytake to defeat they all want and try to defeat all of Morgana’s of Morgana’s minions. When minions. When they they are are all gone, Alex all gone, Alexand his knights stay where stay they and his knights are and everything else where they are and returns to normal.else everything There are to lotsnormal. of cool returns scenesThere in thisare film lots thatof exciting cool scenes involve in this film that sword involve battles. In my exciting sword battles. In interview my with Sir Patrick interview with Sir PatrickStewart Stewart (Merlin), Rhianna Dorris (Kaye) and The Kid Who (Merlin), Rhianna Dorris (Kaye) Louis Serkis (Alex), learned Would Be King andAshbourne Louis Ashbourne Serkis I(Alex), that the cast used real swords to train I learned that the cast used real “The Who Would King” with to learn the feel and “The KidKid Who Would Be Be King” swords to train with to heaviness learn the of feel a heartwarming about a medieval swords and armor. However, is is a heartwarming filmfilm about a boy and heaviness of medieval swords boy named Alexander who inand the film theyHowever, used realistic plastic named Alexander who finds outfinds armor. in the film outhethat hefuture is theking future king of swords, because otherwise would be that is the of Britain. they used realistic plasticit swords, Britain. Now he, and his friends and his too dangerous. because otherwise it would be too Now he, his friends his enemies enemies must a quest My favorite character in this film is dangerous. must embark on aembark quest toondefeat a to defeatenchantress a wicked enchantress named Merlin Imrie/Sir Patrick Stewart). My(Angus favorite character in this film wicked named Morgana Morgana (Rebecca Ferguson) Heis isMerlin serious(Angus and gets things done most Imrie/Sir Patrick (Rebecca Ferguson) before the He he is serious and gets before the end of a This solarfilm eclipse. ofStewart). the time, but also does a lot of end of a solar eclipse. is

The Kid Who Would Be King

16 • KIDSVILLE NEWS • March 2019 • www.kidsvillenews.com/gwinnett

things done most of the time, but he also does a lot of funny and cool things that are really appealing to watch. Forcool example, hereally does funny and things when that are his magic, all the stuff around him appealing to watch. For example, is flying air and allstuff the when he through does histhe magic, all the lights are flickering. That is the a really around him is flying through air interesting and all the effect. lights are flickering. That favorite scene effect. is when is My a really interesting Alexander andscene a fewis of his knights My favorite when are rushingand through woods Alexander a fewthe of his knights on trying to defeat arehorses, rushingwhile through the woods on ahorses, large while army trying of firetomonsters defeat a on fire-breathing horses who are trying large army of fire monsters on fireto take Excalibur away them. breathing horses who arefrom trying to This is very exciting and This has take scene Excalibur away from them. ascene few funny in it, too. is veryparts exciting and has a few The parts message funny in it, of too.this film is that anyone can be of a king; you just The message this film is that need to can havebea agood and anyone king;heart you just need follow knight’s code, to havethe a good heart and which follow the knight’s which“honor says that youyou says thatcode, you must those must “honor love,offence, refrain love, refrain those from you wanton from wanton offence, speakand the truth speak the truth at all times at all timesin and persevere in any persevere any enterprise until the enterprise until the end.” end.” and II rate this this film film55out outofof5 5stars stars recommend it for itages 7 to 18, and recommend for ages 7 to 18, because it isis aagood because goodcombination combination of an action of action movie movieand andaa heartwarming storyline a heartwarming storylinethat thatgives givesit it message. agreat great message. think adults II think adults will willenjoy enjoywatching watching this with this with their theirkids. kids.