BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONORS) IN ARCHITECTURE
NAME: GENNIEVE LEE PHICK CHOO STUDENT ID: 0311622 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 [ARC 1523] ASSIGNMENT 1: CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND PROCESS
PLAN
Ground floor plan
First Floor plan
Second floor plan
Roof plan
ELEVATIONS
East elevation
West elevation
North elevation
South elevation
Figure 1: Earthwork under progress Week 1 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork Duration: 6 Days Skilled worker: Land surveyor (1), land surveyor assistant (1), civil engineer (1), civil engineer’s assistant (1) Technical information: Survey topography for measurement of earthwork quantities. Week 2 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork Duration: 6 Days Equipment: Backhoe (1), excavator (1), dumper (1) Skilled worker: Backhoe operator (1), dumper operator (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Site is cleared of trees, topsoil, shrubs and rubbish. Week 3 & 4 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork Duration: 12 Days Equipment: Portable penetrometer (1) Skilled worker: Geotechnical engineer (1), geotechnical engineer assistant (1), civil engineer (1), civil engineer assistant (1) Technical information: Mackintosh Probe (MP) test carried out for testing soft soils and determining suitable materials. Week 5 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork Duration: 6 Days Equipment: Vibrating plate compactor (1), backhoe (1), excavator (1), paver (1), dumper (1) Skilled worker: Backhoe operator (1), excavator operator (1), paver (1), dumper operator (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Site is excavated to required lengths, depths, breadths, inclinations and curvatures
Week 6 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork Duration: 6 Days Materials: Timber formwork, gravel Equipment: Table saw (2), shovel (2), long tape measurer, steel tape, strong threads, wire nails, theodolite, wooden pegs, drill hammer Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Filling materials to lines, levels and grades required to complete permanent construction. Week 7 Construction activity 1: Transporting piles (during earthwork) Duration: 2 days Materials: piles Equipment: Lorry (2), Crane (1) Skilled worker: Lorry driver (4), Crane Operator (1) Technical information: Transporting piles from factory, lift the piles by using crane from lorry after reaching the site.
Figure 2: Pile driving Construction activity 2: Pile driving process Duration: 12 days (depends on number of piles) Materials: piles, pile cushion, bituminous paint Equipment: Hydraulic drop hammer (1) Skilled worker: contractor (1), Hydraulic drop hammer operator (1), general worker (3) Technical information: Mobilize the hydraulic drop hammer to the intended pile position after marking penetration of the piles, set out the position of drop hammer above the pile point, pile driving, weld the joints between the piles, apply bituminous paint around the joints of welded piles to prevent rusting.
Figure 3: Excavation for piling work Construction activity 3: Cut off process Duration: During piling process Material: Equipment: Multipurpose excavator (1), Pneumatic hammer (1), Oxy-cutter (1) Skilled worker: Excavator operator (1), General worker (2) Technical information: Excavate 1m to 1.5m depth by using Multipurpose excavator, Cut the piles to make sure all are in the same height using Pneumatic hammer, the reinforcement in the pile is cut by oxy-cutter.
Figure 4: Piling work Week 8 Construction activity 1: Set up formwork for pile cap Duration: 2 days Material: Plywood, nails, reinforcement Equipment: hammer, measuring tape, drill, handsaw Skilled worker: general worker (3) Technical information: Set up formwork for pile cap, insert reinforcement for pile cap, and set up the reinforcement for column stump before pouring the concrete.
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Construction activity 2: Pour concrete into the formwork Duration: 2 days Material: Concrete Equipment: Concrete mixer truck, Skip, Concrete vibrator Skilled worker: Concrete mixer truck operator (1), general worker (3) Technical information: Pour the concrete into the formwork through skip from concrete mixer truck, vibrate and mix the concrete evenly using concrete vibrator to increase its strength by preventing air pockets.
Figure 8: Pile Caps Week 9 Construction activity 1: Pile cap harden process Duration: 7 days Material: Equipment: Skilled worker: Technical information: Let the concrete pile cap harden for 7 days to wait it mature and sufficient strength, open formwork after completed.
Figure 9: Column Stump formwork: Column Stump formwork Week 10 Construction activity 1: Set up formwork for column stump Duration: 2 days Material: Plywood nails Equipment: hammer, measuring tape, drill, and handsaw Skilled worker: Technical information: Set up formwork for column stump before pouring the concrete. Construction activity 2: Pour concrete into the formwork Duration: 2 days Material: Concrete Equipment: Concrete mixer truck, Skip, Concrete vibrator Skilled worker: Technical information: Pour the concrete into the formwork through skip from concrete mixer truck, vibrate the concrete to increase its strength. Week 11 Construction activity 1: Column stump harden process Duration: 7 days Material: Equipment: Skilled worker: Technical information: Let the concrete column stump harden for 7 days to wait it mature and sufficient strength, open formwork after completed
Figure 10: Back Filling Foundation Construction activity 2: Back filling the pile foundation Duration: 1 day Material: soil Equipment: Multipurpose excavator (1)
Skilled worker: Multipurpose excavator Operator Technical information: After the harden process, fill up the excavated part around the foundation to move on to the next process.
Figure 11: Underground plumbing Week 12 Construction activity 1: Underground plumbing Duration: 2-4 days Material: Vent, pipes Equipment: Electric Drain Cleaner, Pipe threader, Steel pipe wrench, Bilge pump Skilled Worker: General workers (3-5) Technical information: Plumbing begins once the foundation is back-filled. Trenches for the water and sewer lines are dug in the soil and the pipes are laid in place in their rough position. Once the pipes are in place, gravel is poured in the form as a base for water to drain away. The gravel is covered with thick plastic as a vapor barrier
Figure 12: Cable Underground Service Week 13-14 Construction Activity 1: Underground Service
Duration: 9-14 days Materials: Metal conduit, Steel/Aluminum tubing or PVC tubing Equipment: Plow Chute, Winch Skilled worker: Contractor (1), General worker (2) Technical information: Point of connection to the utility wiring are buried in the ground at a depth that protects conductors from physical damage and physical contact. Burying cable preinstalled in cable-in-conduit (CIC) offers greater physical protection against environment, abrasion, rocks, etc. than direct burial, which can prolong the life of the cable. Installation of the underground electric cable involves the following steps: o o o o o o o o
Pavement is saw cut and removed A trench is dug Manholes, steel conduit and communications cable are installed Conduit is encased in concrete Trench is backfilled with soil and area receives temporary repaving The cable is pulled through the conduit The cable sections are spliced together at manholes Permanent paving is completed
Figure 13: Piling and beam Week 15 Construction Activity 1: Ground Floor beam (Grid) Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1)
Skilled worker: Carpenter (4) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Determine material, mark the number of form panels, amount of falsework, place reinforcement bar, erecting the formwork and falsework, propping and centering, shuttling, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, ensure a grout-tight seal, cleaning and surface treatment, slump test for concrete, pour cement concrete
Figure 14: Cement poured into formwork Week 16 Construction Activity 1: Ground beam Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete(1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: pour cement concrete, striking and dismantling, remove forming vertical faces, remove shuttling forming soffit
Figure 15: Column, Piling and Beam
Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete(1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (3) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Position and wedge the remainder of the column clamps, using a plumb bob suspended from a gauge block plumb the column, securely propped a final check for plumb and column, provision of camber, ensure a grout-tight seal, cleaning and surface treatment, slump test for concrete, concrete has been poured and vibrated
Figure 16 Week 17 Construction Activity 1: Ground floor Slab Duration: 6 Days Materials: Plywood formwork Equipment: Dip-galvanized nails, hammer, measuring tape, table saw Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (1), Technical information: Determine the plan to place slab, constructing slab formwork, propping and centering, fixing plywood to timber frames, side and bottom shutter of RCC members are fixed, give an upward camber in the horizontal member of concrete, surface treatment, fixed the reinforced steel inside. Thickness range of plywood: 7mm - 32mm
Figure 17: Slab form Week 18 Construction Activity 1: Slab Duration: 6 Days Materials: Reinforced steel, service pipes, concrete Grade 20 Equipment: Mixer truck (2), concrete vibrator (1), tipper, wheelbarrow Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (2), bar bender (2) Technical information: Install service pipes, fixed the reinforced steel, slump test for concrete, pour cement concrete, striking and dismantling, remove formwork
Figure 18: Plumbing Installation Construction Activity 1: Slab Plumbing Installation (during ground floor slab) Duration: 4 days Materials: PVC pipes, PVC pipefittings, soft copper tubing, septic tank Equipment: pressure test pump, bobcat, trencher, measuring tape, shovel Skilled worker: Plumber (1), Trencher driver (1)
Technical information: dig trenches as needed to run the sewer pipes and water pipes, and should smooth the dirt or sand back when finished. Week 19 Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Erection sequence for a column, place reinforcement bar as instructed, position formwork for the column from predetermined grids, securely support using adjustable steel props, safely secured to the column formwork and the floor, and that adjustment for pushin g and pulling is operational, set up and transfer column clamp positions from the storey rod onto column formwork, use nails to support the arms of column clamps while wedging, check the formwork at the top for square Week 20 Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: striking and dismantling, remove forming vertical sides of column
Figure 19: Pipe installation Week 21 Construction Activity 1: Rough Plumbing Installation (when the framing of house is complete) Duration: 4 days
Materials: cast iron pipe, galvanized iron pipe, and galvanized steel pipe, vitrified clay pipe, PVC pipe, copper tubing, fittings, hangers, insulating materials, oakum Equipment: pressure test pump, clamp tool, measuring tape, electric pipe, threader, steel pipe wrench, flaring pliers, pipe vice, pipe bending machine, pipe cutter Skilled worker: Plumber (1), General worker (1) Technical information: The major categories of plumbing systems or subsystems are potable cold and hot tap water supply, plumbing drainage venting, septic systems, rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage, fuel gas piping
Figure 20: Door frame Construction Activity 1: Installation of door frame (before brickwork) Duration: 2 days Materials: Screws, ‘L’ bracket, jambs, striker plate, PVC stopper, head, adaptor bar, brick ties, hinges, spreader bars. Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (2) Technical information: Mark door and bricks area, use timber to prop up door to standing position, use spirit to plumb the frame, secure timber stays with bricks, lay the bricks, place mortar into gap of the brick and frame, insert wire brick ties.
Figure 21: Walls Week 22 Construction Activity 1: Brickwork Duration: 5 days Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Cement mixer, reinforce mesh Equipment: Rose Brick Trowels, carpenter level, brick jointer Skilled worker: Brick Layers (3), Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1) Technical information: Brickwork process including bricks beds and perpends. The bed is made up with mortar with brick is laid. Perpends is a vertical joint between two bricks filled with mortar. Bricks of dimensions: 215 mm x 102.5 mm × 65 mm; Mortar beds and perpends of a uniform: 10 mm. Wire are used every 3 layers of bricks laid to control mortar shrinkage and crack control due to temperature and pressure extremes, and bond intersecting walls. Construction Activity 1: Brickwork – Rendering—ground floor Duration: 3 Days Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Mixed Portland Composite Cement, Mixed Blended White Cement Equipment: Masonry Brushes, Sled Runners, Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (2) and plasterer (2) Technical information: Cement render on the surface of brick wall after cleaning with masonry brush. Then, scratch first coat of render before it sets for the second layer. Skim coat mixed blended white cement on it.
Figure 22: Beams
Figure 23: First Floor Beams Week 23 Construction Activity 1: First floor Beam Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (4) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Determine material, mark the number of form panels, amount of falsework, place reinforcement bar, erecting the formwork and falsework, propping and centering, shuttling, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, ensure a grout-tight seal, cleaning and surface treatment, slump test for concrete, pour cement concrete
Figure 24: column framework Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Erection sequence for a column, place reinforcement bar as instructed, position formwork for the column from predetermined grids, securely support using adjustable steel props, safely secured to the column formwork and the floor, and that adjustment for pushin g and pulling is operational, set up and transfer column clamp positions from the storey rod onto column formwork, use nails to support the arms of column clamps while wedging, check the formwork at the top for square Week 24 Construction Activity 1: Beam Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete(1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: pour cement concrete, striking and dismantling, remove forming vertical faces, remove shuttling forming soffit Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete(1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (3) , bar bender (2), general worker (1)
Technical information: Position and wedge the remainder of the column clamps, using a plumb bob suspended from a gauge block plumb the column, securely propped a final check for plumb and column, provision of camber, ensure a grout-tight seal, cleaning and surface treatment, slump test for concrete, concrete has been poured and vibrated Week 25 Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: striking and dismantling, remove forming vertical sides of column
Figure 25: Circular stairs Construction Activity 1: Staircase Duration: 3 Days Materials: Ply Woods, Timber Battens Equipment: Measuring Tape, Chalk Line, Drill, Hammer, and Handsaw Skilled worker: Carpenter (1), Joinery (1) Technical information: Make a pitch board with the angle of 30째. Hold pitch board on the side to represent the top of the stair slab and mark the riser and tread
Figure 26: circular stairs framework Construction Activity 2: Staircase Duration: 3 Days Materials: Timber, Metal or Prefabricated Formwork Equipment: Drill, Hammer, and Handsaw Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1) Technical information: Construct formwork by laying out riser heights and tread widths followed by soffit, joist and stringer lines. Then lay out thickness of risers from boards. Cut and nailed cleats to plank, nail riser form boards to the ends of cleats.
Figure 27: Concrete-filled framework Week 26 Construction Activity 1: Staircase Duration: 2 Days Materials: Hook, NLT 25’, VERT RR pins, rebar wire, cast aluminum, Cast in place sleeve Equipment: Measuring Tape, chalk line, drill, hammer, handsaw Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1) Technical information: To create strong grid of rebar, two or more pieces of rebar cross are joined together. Secure riser form board with cleats attached about an inch above the stairs layout to the slide form.
Figure 28: Completed stairs Construction Activity 2: Staircase Duration: 4 Days Materials: Concrete, Long screws, Nails Equipment: Portable Cement Mixer, Concrete Vibrator, Spade, Screed Board Skilled worker: Carpenters (2) Technical information: Concrete ceiling and stairs pour in the same day to create strong bond between the components. Use long screws and nails to lock together the wooden formwork. After filling the formwork with concrete, mix evenly with concrete vibrator to prevent air pockets. Use straight edge to spread the concrete and circular moves to create even finish. Keep the concrete wet or damp to prevent cracks for up to one week while it cures.
Figure 29: First Floor slabs Week 27 Construction Activity 1: First floor Slab Duration: 6 Days Materials: Plywood formwork Equipment: Dip-galvanized nails, hammer, measuring tape, table saw
Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (1), Technical information: Determine the plan to place slab, constructing slab formwork, propping and centering, fixing plywood to timber frames, side and bottom shutter of RCC members are fixed, give an upward camber in the horizontal member of concrete, surface treatment, fixed the reinforced steel inside. Thickness range of plywood: 7mm - 32mm
Figure 30: Right elevation of slabs Week 28 Construction Activity 1: Slab Duration: 6 Days Materials: Reinforced steel, service pipes, concrete Grade 20 Equipment: Mixer truck (2), concrete vibrator (1), tipper, wheelbarrow Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (2), bar bender (2) Technical information: Install service pipes, fixed the reinforced steel, slump test for concrete, pour cement concrete, striking and dismantling, remove formwork
Figure 31: Door Frames Construction Activity 1: Installation of door frame (before brickwork) Duration: 2 days
Materials: Screws, ‘L’ bracket, jambs, striker plate, PVC stopper, head, adaptor bar, brick ties, hinges, spreader bars. Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (2) Technical information: Mark door and bricks area, use timber to prop up door to standing position, use spirit to plumb the frame, secure timber stays with bricks, lay the bricks, place mortar into gap of the brick and frame, insert wire brick ties.
Figure 32: Main door Week 29 Construction Activity 1: Brickwork Duration: 5 days Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Cement mixer, reinforce mesh Equipment: Rose Brick Trowels, carpenter level, brick jointer Skilled worker: Brick Layers (3), Pointing, cleaning and caulking workers (1) Technical information: Brickwork process including bricks beds and perpends. The bed is made up with mortar with brick is laid. Perpends is a vertical joint between two bricks filled with mortar. Bricks of dimensions: 215 mm x 102.5 mm × 65 mm; Mortar beds and perpends of a uniform: 10 mm. Wire are used every 3 layers of bricks laid to control mortar shrinkage and crack control due to temperature and pressure extremes, and bond intersecting walls. Brickwork needs to be supported over openings the opening are often supporting by reinforcing steel fully embedded in Portland cement grout. The steel angles, can provide all the support, or be attached to the primary structure such as a reinforced concrete frame, to which the load is transferred. Supporting windows and doors. Construction Activity 2: Brickwork – Rendering)—first floor Duration: 3 Days Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Mixed Portland Composite Cement, Mixed Blended White Cement Equipment: Masonry Brushes, Sled Runners, Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (2) and plasterer (2) Technical information:
Cement render on the surface of brick wall after cleaning with masonry brush. Then, scratch first coat of render before it set to provide key for second layer. Skim coat mixed blended white cement on it.
Figure 33: Second floor beams Week 30 Construction Activity 1: Second Floor Beam Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (4) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Determine material, mark the number of form panels, amount of falsework, place reinforcement bar, erecting the formwork and falsework, propping and centering, shuttling, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, ensure a grout-tight seal, cleaning and surface treatment, slump test for concrete, pour cement concrete Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Erection sequence for a column, place reinforcement bar as instructed, position formwork for the column from predetermined grids, securely support using adjustable steel props, safely secured to the column formwork and the floor, and that adjustment for pushin g and pulling is operational, set up and transfer column clamp positions from the storey rod onto column formwork,
use nails to support the arms of column clamps while wedging, check the formwork at the top for square Week 31 Construction Activity 1: Beam Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete(1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: pour cement concrete, striking and dismantling, remove forming vertical faces, remove shuttling forming soffit Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete(1) Skilled worker: Carpenter (3) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: Position and wedge the remainder of the column clamps, using a plumb bob suspended from a gauge block plumb the column, securely propped a final check for plumb and column, provision of camber, ensure a grout-tight seal, cleaning and surface treatment, slump test for concrete, concrete has been poured and vibrated Week 32 Construction Activity 2: Columns Duration: 6 Days Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (2), general worker (1) Technical information: striking and dismantling, remove forming vertical sides of column
Figure 34: stairs to second floor
Week 33 Construction Activity 1: Staircase Duration: 3 Days Materials: Ply Woods, Timber Battens Equipment: Measuring Tape, Chalk Line, Drill, Hammer, and Handsaw Skilled worker: Carpenter (1), Joinery (1) Technical information: Make a pitch board with the angle of 30째. Hold pitch board on the side to represent the top of the stair slab and mark the riser and tread
Figure 35: elevation view of the stairs
Construction Activity 2: Staircase Duration: 3 Days Materials: Timber, Metal or Prefabricated Formwork Equipment: Drill, Hammer, and Handsaw Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1) Technical information: Construct formwork by laying out riser heights and tread widths followed by soffit, joist and stringer lines. Then lay out thickness of risers from boards. Cut and nailed cleats to plank, nail riser form boards to the ends of cleats.
Figure 36: stairs to second floor with railing Week 34 Construction Activity 1: Staircase Duration: 2 Days Materials: Hook, NLT 25’, VERT RR pins, rebar wire, cast aluminum, Cast in place sleeve Equipment: Measuring Tape, chalk line, drill, hammer, handsaw Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1) Technical information: To create strong grid of rebar, two or more pieces of rebar cross are joined together. Secure riser form board with cleats attached about an inch above the stairs layout to the slide form. Construction Activity 2: Staircase Duration: 4 Days
Materials: Concrete, Long screws, Nails Equipment: Portable Cement Mixer, Concrete Vibrator, Spade, Screed Board Skilled worker: Carpenters (2) Technical information: Concrete ceiling and stairs pour in the same day to create strong bond between the components. Use long screws and nails to lock together the wooden formwork. After filling the formwork with concrete, mix evenly with concrete vibrator to prevent air pockets. Use straight edge to spread the concrete and circular moves to create even finish. Keep the concrete wet or damp to prevent cracks for up to one week while it cures.
Figure 37: Second floor slab Week 35 Construction Activity 1: Second floor Slab Duration: 6 Days Materials: Plywood formwork Equipment: Dip-galvanized nails, hammer, measuring tape, table saw Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (1), Technical information: Determine the plan to place slab, constructing slab formwork, propping and centering, fixing plywood to timber frames, side and bottom shutter of RCC members are fixed, give an upward camber in the horizontal member of concrete, surface treatment, fixed the reinforced steel inside. Thickness range of plywood: 7mm - 32mm Week 36 Construction Activity 1 Slab Duration: 6 Days Materials: Reinforced steel, service pipes, concrete Grade 20
Equipment: Mixer truck (2), concrete vibrator (1), tipper, wheelbarrow Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (2), bar bender (2) Technical information: Install service pipes, fixed the reinforced steel, slump test for concrete, pour cement concrete, striking and dismantling, remove formwork
Figure 38: Door frames on 2nd floor Week 37 Construction Activity 1: Installation of door frame (before brickwork) Duration: 2 days Materials: Screws, ‘L’ bracket, jambs, striker plate, PVC stopper, head, adaptor bar, brick ties, hinges, spreader bars. Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (2) Technical information: Mark door and bricks area, use timber to prop up door to standing position, use spirit to plumb the frame, secure timber stays with bricks, lay the bricks, place mortar into gap of the brick and frame, insert wire brick ties.
Figure 39
Week 38 Construction Activity 2: Brickwork Duration: 3 days Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Cement mixer, reinforce mesh Equipment: Rose Brick Trowels, carpenter level, brick jointer Skilled worker: Brick Layers (3), Pointing, cleaning and caulking workers (1) Technical information: Brickwork process including brick laying, reinforcement of the wall and reinforcement of openings. The bed is made up with mortar with brick is laid. Perpends is a vertical joint between two bricks filled with mortar. Bricks of dimensions: 215 mm x 102.5 mm Ă— 65 mm; Mortar beds and perpends of a uniform: 10 mm. Wire are used every 3 layers of bricks laid to control mortar shrinkage and crack control due to temperature and pressure extremes, and bond intersecting walls. Brickwork needs to be supported over openings the opening are often supporting by reinforcing steel fully embedded in Portland cement grout. The steel angles, can provide all the support, or be attached to the primary structure such as a reinforced concrete frame, to which the load is transferred. Supporting windows and doors.
Figure 40
Figure 41 Construction Activity 1: Brickwork – Rendering-second floor Duration: 3 Days Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Mixed Portland Composite Cement, Mixed Blended White Cement Equipment: Masonry Brushes, Sled Runners, Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (2) and plasterer (2) Technical information: Cement render on the surface of brick wall after cleaning with masonry brush. Then, scratch first coat of render before it set to provide key for second layer. Skim coat mixed blended white cement on it.
Figure 42 Week 39 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Meranti timber formwork, metal trusses Equipment: Crane (1), lorry (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, measuring tape Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), crane operator (1), lorry driver (1) Technical information: Check trusses, interior/exterior alignment, prepare clear access to worksite, prepare storage for trusses.
Figure 43: Scaffolding
Week 40 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Meranti timber formwork Equipment: Crane (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, double-headed nails, measuring tape Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), carpenter (1), crane operator (1), scaffolder (1) Technical information: Attach bearers to bearer block and wall scab, timber scaffolding.
Figure 44: Meranti timber Formwork Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Meranti timber formwork Equipment: Crane (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, double-headed nails, measuring tape Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), carpenter (1), crane operator (1), scaffolder (1) Technical information: Progressively install temporary bracing as scaffolding is erected.
Figure 43: Truss Week 41 Duration: 6 Days Materials: Metal trusses Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape Skilled worker: General worker (1), truss erector (1) Technical information: Fix truss.
Figure 44: Lateral Bracing
Week 42 Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Metal trusses Equipment: Crane (1), Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), truss erector (1), crane operator (1) Technical information: Install permanent lateral bracing to truss.
Figure 45: Ridge Block Week 43 Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Ridge metal (aluminium), ridge bracket, ridge vent Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape, metal bender Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), bar bender (1) Technical information: Install ridge block.
Figure 46: Fascia Board Week 44 Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Fascia board ribbon, fascia board bracket Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape, metal bender Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), bar bender (1) Technical information: Install fascia board.
Figure 47: Anchor Slings Week 45 Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days
Materials: Metal anchor sling, roof anchor bracket Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape, metal bender Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), bar bender (1) Technical information: Install anchor slings.
Figure 48: Chicken Netting Week 46 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 3 Days Materials: Chicken netting Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install chicken netting.
Figure 49: Aluminum Flashing Week 47 Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 3 Days Materials: Aluminium sheet
Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install aluminium flashing. Week 48 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 3 Days Materials: Chicken netting Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install aluminium flashing.
Figure 50: Batten Week 49 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Metal batten strips (aluminium) Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install batten. Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Metal batten strips (aluminium) Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install batten. Week 50 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 6 Days
Materials: Cement tiles Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install batten. Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Metal batten strips (aluminium) Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1) Technical information: Install batten. Week 51 Construction Activity 1: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Cement tiles Equipment: Measuring tape, dip-galvanised nails, hammer Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), roof tiler (1) Technical information: Place cement tiles and nail every third row. Construction Activity 2: Roof Duration: 6 Days Materials: Cement tiles Equipment: Measuring tape, dip-galvanised nails, hammer Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), roof tiler (1) Technical information: Place cement tiles and nail every third row.
Figure 51
Week 52 Construction Activity 1: Electrical wiring Duration: 4-6 days (approximately depending on building frame size) Materials: PVC insulated cable, copper/aluminum conductors Equipment: Power strip/ surge protectors, fish tape, flex bits Skilled worker: Electrical Contractor (1), Electrician (2) Technical information: After rough frame is completed, wiring methods have to be installing on or through building framing members such as the interior walls, ceilings and floors. Wiring requirements differ depending on the construction type and building element. E.g. Timber frame, concrete floors, skillion roofs and etc. Construction Activity 2: Installation of receptacle Duration: 1 day Materials: Nickel/silver, beryllium copper, plastic Equipment: Screw, screwdriver Skilled worker: Electrician (2) Technical information: Electrician installs receptacles for outlets, lights and switches and runs wires from the breaker panel to each receptacle. Wiring for telephones, TV cable and network cable is included in this work. Construction Activity 3: Bathroom Equipment Installation Duration: 2 days Materials: Sockets, Heaters, Showers, Shower pumps, Water closet, Sink, PVC pipes Equipment: clamp tool, measuring tape, steel pipe wrench, flaring pliers, pipe vice, pipe bending machine, pipe cutter Skilled worker: Plumber (1), General worker (1) Technical information: Materials are installed at first fix stage as they need to be fitted prior to the commencement of tiling. This is essential to get professional watertight seals, as water ingress resulting from doing things in the wrong order can cause massive problems later on. Construction Activity 2: Installation of main electrical panel Duration: 1 day Materials: Sheet steel/cold role steel, breakers, plastic Equipment: Driller, locknut, screw Skilled worker: Electrical Contractor (1), Electrician (1) Technical information: The panel distributes the electricity to all the electrical circuits that are installed in the house. By installing it, the house will be safe from fires or other accidents related to electrical faults because the circuit breakers will turn the power to the house on and off to protect the wiring from damage by “tripping� when an electrical short or overcurrent occurs. Week 53 Construction Activity 2: Installation of door (after brickwork, after 1st layer of paint) Duration: 3 days
Materials: Required door, door lock, doorknob and screws Equipment: Screwdriver, measuring tape Skilled worker: general worker (1), window and door installer (2) Technical information: Install required door types and measurement with door lock and doorknob Construction Activity 3: Installation of door trim (after brickwork, after 1st layer of paint) Duration: 3 days Materials: nails, door trim panels Equipment: Finish hammer, hand plane, measuring tape, carpenter’s glue, sandpaper, jigsaw, combination square, compass, pencil, utility knife, putty knife, miter saw, drill with bit Skilled worker: general worker (1), carpenter (2) Technical information: Mark the reveals; cut all miters, cut and test-fit side casings, make adjustments, secure casing, and cross-nail miters. Week 54 Construction Activity 1: Installation of window (after brickwork, after 1st layer of paint) Duration: 3 days Materials: Required windows, backer rod, insulation, shims, roofing nails, screws, silicone sealant, flashing, fastener, corner guard Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (2) Technical information: Verify window opening, apply weather resistant barrier, create flashing, prepare window for installation, set the unit and secure, apply flashing at jambs and head, seal and insulate interior cavity, insert backer rod. Week 55 (few weeks after plastering) Construction Activity 1: Wall Finishes – primer --ground floor Duration: 1 Day Materials: Primer Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking, Patching and Repair, Caulks, Sealants and Caulking Tools Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers and plasterer (2), painters (3) Technical information: Before applying primer, the wall needs to be patched if there is any holes or scuffs on the wall. A primer is a lighter coat of paint that absorbs colors well. Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – 1st layer painting—ground floor Duration: 1 Day Materials: paint Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking Skilled worker: painters (3) Technical information: Wall painting with color chosen.
Week 56 Construction Activity 3: Wall Finishes – primer-first floor Duration: 1 Day Materials: Primer Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking, Patching and Repair, Caulks, Sealants and Caulking Tools Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers and plasterer (2), painters (3) Technical information: Before applying primer, the wall needs to be patched if there is any holes or scuffs on the wall. A primer is a lighter coat of paint that absorbs colors well. Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – 1st layer painting (Grid 7-14)—first floor Duration: 1 Day Materials: paint Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, and masking tape skilled worker: painters (3) Technical information: Wall painting with color chosen. Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – primer-second floor Duration: 1 Day Materials: Primer Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking, Patching and Repair, Caulks, Sealants and Caulking Tools Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers and plasterer (2), painters (3) Technical information: Before applying primer, the wall needs to be patched if there is any hole or scuffs on the wall. A primer is a lighter coat of paint that absorbs color well. Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – 1st layer painting-second floor Duration: 1 Day Materials: paint Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, and masking tape Skilled worker: painters (3) Technical information: Wall painting with color chosen. Week 57 Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – 2nd layer painting Duration: 6 Days Materials: paint Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, and masking tape skilled worker: painters (3) Technical information: Wall painting with color chosen. Week 58 Construction Activity 3: Wall Finishes – Final Touch up
Duration: 3 Days Materials: Paint Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking, Patching and Repair, Caulks, Sealants and Caulking Tools Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (2) and painters (2) Technical information: Covering strips and dirt.
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