Craft_1 2013 A Southwest Region publication organized and produced by the Gensler Design and Technical Directors
“Y co ou w in m a or yo pul nt or cr ur siv to wh aft ar e be t a at bi ev t er y -S te ou ve M do ar tin .�
introduction
“There is still a real need for good quality architecture, not paper architecture, but the real stuff.” -PETER ZUMTHOR For centuries, artists have referred to the refinement of their work has “honing their craft”. The word “craft” itself evokes images of old-world guilds and secrets of the trades, passed on and refined by the hands-on knowledge transfer from generations of masters to journeymen and apprentices. An indication of the steadfast and never ending learning process required to execute ideas at the highest level. From the early days of the development of the American continent, pioneers have embraced mechanization and industrialization, less as
an idea, but more as a necessity, because of the constant and chronic short supply of skilled labor in the early days of the new world. Nevertheless the idea of “craft” and exceptional workmanship has remained in place, especially in building construction, where despite repeated efforts, many portions of our work have not been successfully moved into an industrial process. As a result over centuries “craft” has become synonymous with quality and skilled workmanship, without having lost the romantic connection to the master builder of medieval times. It is the “one of a kind” nature of the construction of
buildings, which has preserved the position and standing of the skilled craftsman. While the breadth of creativity and technical knowledge required to execute projects continues to grow, the commitment to deliver design ideas continues to reach beyond that of a “job”. For many an internal calling draws upon personal curiosity, to exceed what is expected or the “standard”; and deliver something extraordinary. This act may be in the execution of an exquisite drawing, or the precision of building, but given the growing segregation between designers and makers
5 CRAFT 1 | INTRODUCTION
within the architecture profession “honing ones craft” increasingly requires designers to cross outside the boundaries of theorist and become knowledgeable about the processes required to achieve design ideas as makers. Architecture is increasingly a collaborative effort of experts hired to execute tasks and offer insights from their respective fields. Often managed by a 3rd party committed to delivering ideas and projects for the “best value” the pace and economics of contemporary building design and construction are often at odds with the
qualitative aspects of “craft”. It is rare to see the craftsman from a given field at the table discussing methodologies and techniques available to improve the workmanship, or to influence the process from a quality point of view. In many cases the process has become product oriented and not process or quality driven. It is for this reason that we seek to bring attention to a collection of projects that achieved a level of “craft in their design and execution. This book explores projects where ambitious design was met by exceptional workmanship.
Where a design with production methods in mind was paired with the visionary craftsmen to produce an exceptional product, beyond the industry standard; a product we associate with the term craft. The projects in this book are also a homage to a profound understanding and relationship between clients, designers and craftsman, to produce exceptional work. Each assumes their own role in the process where excellence
_by Shawn Gehle and Robert Garlipp
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LAYERED CONCRETE UCSD EAST CAMPUS OFFICE BUILDING
PROJECT DESCRIPTION The East Campus Office Building (ECOB) at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) is a non-assigned clinical research facility. ECOB includes approximately 3,000 assignable square feet (ASF) of clinical research space for the Clinical and Translational Research Institute (CTRI), and approximately 40,000 ASF of faculty office, administrative office, support space, and dry-lab research space for CTRI, the Cardiovascular Center, and other Health Sciences and Medical Center faculty. UCSD choose a design-build delivery method for ECOB, a first for an academic facility on campus. The delivery method was chosen as the means to resolve the project’s aggressive budget and schedule. With a construction budget of $11.5 million, including tenant improvements, the 75,000 square feet medical office building needed to be designed and ready for occupancy at the same time as the nearby Cardiovascular Research Center, already under construction. Early decisions to integrate the structural system and exterior cladding proved critical in delivering a design that fit the budget and enabled an architectural
expression that met the campus’ standard for design within the tight schedule. Sited at the seam of a rustic canyon habitat and the Health Sciences Scholars’ Walk, the exterior cladding of ECOB drew inspiration from the combination of nearby natural and formal landscapes. Textured and line patterned tilt-up concrete walls face the canyon and anchor the building to the site by echoing the geology and ruggedness of the adjacent canyon. In contrast, large portions of curtain wall with custom ceramic frit patterns face the manicured landscape of the interior portion of the site.
LOCATION La Jolla, California CLIENT University of California San Diego PROJECT OFFICE Gensler San Diego, Los Angeles CONTRACTOR C.W. Driver CONSULTANTS Structural: Miyamoto Concrete: Minegar COMPLETION November 2011 PROJECT SIZE 75,000 SF GENSLER TEAM Kevin Heinly / Tom Heffernan / Robert Garlipp/ Nathan Oueren / Scott Peterson / Christian Robert / Gene Watanabe
With numerous uniformly sized perimeter offices, it was important to use a variety of textures and patterns in the concrete to add visual interest and rhythm to what would have been a repetitive module.
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pattern development The building enclosure combines concrete and curtain wall systems to represent the two types of landscape that surround the building. Textured and patterned, site-cast concrete walls face the canyon side of the site appearing as an extension of the canyon geology. In contrast a refined curtain wall system faces the discretely landscaped interior of the site. A unitized curtain wall system creates a smooth, sheer surface in contrast to the concrete. It includes glass patterned with a custom frit that emulates the concrete form liner as a means to visually link the two systems.
A Concept sketch B Elevation pattern studies C Elevation of varying panel types
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12” depth, rustic formliner, smooth finish 12” depth, fine formliner, exp. dark aggr. 10” depth, fine formliner, exp. dark aggr. 12” depth,no formliner, exp. dark aggr. 12” depth, rustic formliner, smooth finish 12” depth, no formliner, smooth finish
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6” depth, no formliner, heavy sandblast 12” depth, fine formliner, smooth finish 10” depth, no formliner, exp. dark aggr. 10” depth, no formliner, smooth finish 12” depth, rustic formliner, exp. dark aggr. 10” depth, fine formliner, smooth finish
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T.O. TILT-UP PARAPET 379’ - 6” B.O. CANOPY STRUCTURE 378’ - 2” LEVEL ROOF 374’ - 6”
LEVEL 03 361’ - 0”
LEVEL 02 347’ - 6”
LEVEL 01 334’ - 0”
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PANEL 13
PANEL 12
PANEL 11
LAYERED CONCRETE | UCSD ECOB - LA JOLLA, CA
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REVEAL LEGEND: REVEAL LEGEND: TYPE A: ‘ACCENT (VERTICAL) TYPE A: ‘ACCENT REVEAL’REVEAL’ (VERTICAL) wide - 1 1/4” widex (front) x 3/4” deep 3/4” wide3/4” (back) - 1(back) 1/4” wide (front) 3/4” deep Align reveal with inside F.O. window Align reveal with inside F.O. window openingopening TYPE B: (horiz. joints) TYPE B: (horiz. joints) 1/2” REVEAL - 1/2” deep 1/2” REVEAL - 1/2” deep TYPE C: (horiz. joints) TYPE C: (horiz. joints) 1/4” ‘BUTT’ Joint - 1/2” deep 1/4” ‘BUTT’ Joint - 1/2” deep caulk to match standard concrete caulk to match standard concrete
SKETCH 1 SKETCH 1
D SKETCH 2 SKETCH 2
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A Rustic formliner shop drawing B Rendering of mock-up panel C Mock-up panel form D Mock-up panel E Mock-up panel form F Completed mock-up panel
LAYERED CONCRETE | UCSD ECOB - LA JOLLA, CA 11 E
By working early with the concrete contractor, the team was able to explore a number of design strategies to insure the specified appearance of the concrete. A variety of textures, depths, and finishes were explored using form liners, shoring, and sandblasting. The concrete contractor constructed a series of mock-ups to validate design quality questions prior to involving the owner in review of the final mock-up. As a result, the team tested numerous form-liner panels to
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create the desired gradation of texture from very rough to very smooth. Varying methods of chamfering and transitioning between panel thicknesses and levels of sand blast finish were also investigated to insure that the results would be acceptable and constructible within the budget.Shoring was used to create a variety of panel thicknesses ranging from 6� to 12� within a single panel, adding a sense of depth to the building envelope. As construction commenced, the team maintained communication across all the involved trades.
refininMENT THRU mock-up
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B.O. CANOPY STRUCTURE 378’ - 2” LEVEL ROOF 374’ - 6”
LEVEL 03 361’ - 0”
LEVEL 02 347’ - 6”
LEVEL 01 334’ - 0”
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varying Depth & textures A Panel study: smooth distorted/fine grated B Panel study: smooth distorted/rust cleft C Panel study: gradient mix of formal liners D North elevation E Concept sketch of varying depths and textures F Concrete texture contrasted with glass frit G Field report from construction
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LAYERED CONCRETE | UCSD ECOB - LA JOLLA, CA 13
LAYERED CONCRETE | UCSD ECOB - LA JOLLA, CA 15 A
The inherent thermal mass provided by tilt-up concrete coupled with the design’s punched window pattern help modulate dynamic temperature swings and reduce energy consumption. The concrete wall panels act both as building envelope and structure; for structure, the panels act as lateral and gravity load bearing elements, eliminating perimeter columns and diagonal bracing. The result is a more open and flexible floor plan. Tilt-up concrete offered tremendous value to UCSD. The material’s durability and easy maintainability provide long-term occupancy and operational savings. Understanding that tilt-up is a cost-effective wall system with a tarnished reputation, the team was asked to explore alternative systems given the
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project budget goals. The least expensive solution proposed a conventional steel frame, but required the most inexpensive exterior possible – stucco to be cost and schedule competitive with tilt-up. Given that stucco is strictly prohibited on UCSD’s campus, tilt-up’s economy and speed of erection prevailed as a means to meet critical project goals. The creative use of simple materials and construction techniques resulted in a project delivered in 16 months and completed on budget.
why TILT-UP? The team used the economy and inherent erection speed of tilt-up concrete to meet critical project goals, while exploring the plasticity and sculptural quality of concrete. A Concrete panel being lifted into place B Erected panels
completed building The exterior finish of the concrete panels is achieved by multiple textures, shadow lines, and transitions enabled by the use of different form liners, sand blasting and a mix designs. Blue granite aggregate is exposed with the sand blasting operations. The panels are left unpainted, as the concrete is the finished material.
LAYERED CONCRETE | UCSD - ECOB - LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 17
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CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE
The Ritz-Carlton Hotel & Residences and JW Marriott at L.A. Live
PROJECT DESCRIPTION The 54-story Ritz-Carlton Hotel & Residences and JW Marriott at L.A. LIVE was the first tower built in downtown Los Angeles in the last 20 years when completed in 2010. Prominently located next to Nokia Theater and Staples Center at L.A. LIVE, the 650’ tall tower contains two distinct hotel brands: an 878-key JW Marriott hotel and a 123-key Ritz-Carlton boutique hotel. In addition to the two hotels the tower’s top 25 floors house Ritz-Carlton branded private residences. The mechanical performance requirements, prescribed by California’s energy code, and stacking of the tower’s three distinct program types drove the building’s section and unique facade design. Any building enclosure system considered needed the flexibility to address the building’s diverse interior program while maximizing views and mitigating solar heat gain. The cost and installation efficiency of unitized curtainwall allowed the design team the flexibility to develop a catalogue of standardized units made of aluminum mullion extrusions populated with various
infill materials. The approach simultaneously addressed program, building performance and cost requirements. Unique combinations of glass and metal panel were established as infill material based on the program directly behind the units and each infill material’s individual ability to contribute to the performance of the overall wall. Gensler worked closely with the nationally recognized curtainwall subcontractor Enclos from schematic design through installation to deliver the design. Enclos provided design/assist service for over 540,000 square feet of custom unitized curtainwall for the tower.
LOCATION Los Angeles, California CLIENT Anschutz Entertainment Group PROJECT OFFICES Gensler Los Angeles, Chicago, San Diego, Phoenix, London CONTRACTOR Webcor Builders CURTAINWALL SUBCONTRACTOR Enclos
FACADE CONSULTANT J.A. Weir Associates COMPLETION 2010 PROJECT SIZE 1.6 million SF (54 stories) 877 JW Marriott guest rooms 124 Ritz-Carlton guest rooms 224 residential units
program driven envelope
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1 Ritz-Carlton penthouse units 2 Ritz-Carlton premier residences 3 Ritz-Carlton residences 4 Ritz-Carlton hotel 5 JW Marriott suite 6 JW Marriott typical room
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A Tower section with program stack B Window to wall ratio by program requirement C Ideal program depth diagram D Elevation by program E Curtain wall pattern expressing program requirement F Camouflage curtain wall pattern
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Level 54 - Mech Mezz
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T.O. CURTAINWALL
Level 54 - Mech Mezz
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Level 54 - Mech Mezz
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CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE | LACCH RITZ CARLTON, JW MARRIOT - LOS ANGELES, CA 21
T.O. CURTAINWALL
FIXED HEIGHT BY PARAMETER FIXED HEIGHT BY PARAMETER
W WIID DT URRT THHBBY TAAIN YGGR INS RIID SYYS DOO STTE FF EMM
STANDARDIZED VARIATION
FLEXIBLE
PARAMETERPANEL 3 3 PARAMETERPANEL MATERIAL MATERIAL
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PARAMETERPARAMETER-PANEL PANEL33 MATERIAL MATERIAL
PARAMETER IS SHADED PARAMETER IS SHAD CURTAIN PANEL TAGTA TE CURTAIN PANEL
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PARAMETER PARAMETER- -EXTEND EXTEND OUTRIGGER OUTRIGGERVISIBLE VISIBLE ADDS ADDSVERTICAL VERTICALMULLION MULLION
ON ON//OFF OFFPARAMETER PARAMETER--SUNSHADE SUNSHADE MATERIAL MATERIAL
PARAMETER PARAMETERISISSHADED SHADEDFOR FOR CURTAIN CURTAINPANEL PANELTAG TAGTEXT TEXT
PARAMETERPARAMETER-PANEL PANEL11 MATERIAL MATERIAL
A Custon Revit curtainwall panel B Custon Revit curtainwall panel C Custon Revit curtainwall panel D Custon Revit curtainwall panel E Unitized panel legend
ON /ON OFF PARAMETER - SUN / OFF PARAMETER MATERIAL MATERIAL
PARAMETERPANEL 1 1 PARAMETERPANEL MATERIAL MATERIAL
PARAMETERPARAMETER-PANEL PANEL44 MATERIAL MATERIAL
PARAMETERPARAMETER-PANEL PANEL33 MATERIAL MATERIAL
FLEXIBLE FLEXIBLE
PARAMETERPANEL 4 4 PARAMETERPANEL MATERIAL MATERIAL PARAMETERPANEL 3 3 PARAMETERPANEL MATERIAL MATERIAL
The team developed customized 3D building components in Revit to schedule, detail and quantify the various systems. The system allows for localized customization that includes 8-inch sunshades and outriggers along the facade edge, including vertical pockets that house a lighting system to illuminate areas of the facade and operable glazing units. Unique combinations of substrate colors, coatings and ceramic frit patterns generated 34 insulated glass unit (IGU) types or infill panels for the curtainwall.
WI W D I CU CTUH DTH RT RBTY BY AIN AIGR G SY N SIDY ORID ST STF OF EM EM
FLEXIBLE
The tower’s curtainwall system is composed of a family of panels that, when combined, establishes a variation within a standardized system. Each panel type addresses one of the three basic wall types: a four-sided captured system and two horizontal side captured systems with structurally glazed vertical edges.
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CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE | LACCH RITZ CARLTON, JW MARRIOT - LOS ANGELES, CA 23
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While the primary design and documentation tool for the tower’s curtainwall was the 3d model, the final deliverable to Enclos was 2d construction documents. However, the design team’s BIM model was used by Gensler to verify Enclos’ shop drawings during fabrication and construction.
shop Drawings
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A Light transmittance study based on Revit model B Enclos sill mullion detail with markups C Enclos outrigger detail with integrated light D Gensler Revit model submitted to Enclos E Enclos partial elevation shop drawing
CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE | LACCH RITZ CARLTON, JW MARRIOT - LOS ANGELES, CA 25
The 3d Revit model (BIM) proved to be an invaluable design tool to evaluate and address material and quantity changes throughout the design process. The model was used to track and quantify the number of curtainwall units and to understand the visual light transmittance, solar heat gain and material quantities of the glass types.
VISION PANEL - 2V VRE5-46
VISION PANEL - 3V VE1-42
VISION PANEL - 1V VRE1-46
VISION PANEL - 1VF VRE1-46 50% WH ITE LINE FRIT
Before approving final glass types or curtainwall assembly for fabrication, Enclos built both a visual and performance mock-up for review. First, a half-scale visual mock-up was built at their production facility in Pomona, CA. The mock-up allowed the design team, owner and fabricator to evaluate the color, visual light transmission and reflectivity of each infill material. The mock-up was constructed to allow the entire wall assembly to tilt 15° in or out to simulate the various wall sections.
OPTIMIZED system A Half-scale visual mock-up B Three story performance mock-up C Enclos assembly plant in Pomona, CA D Corner unit hoisted onto flatbed truck
VISION PANEL - 1VF
VISIONSPA PANEL - 2VF-1 NDREL PANEL VRE1-46 SF GLASS 50% White Line Frit
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VISION PANEL - 1VF VRE1-46 50% White Line Frit
L - 2VF-1 VISION PANE LINE FRIT 66% WHITE VRE5-46 WITH
VISION PANEL - 3V VE1-42 VISION PANEL - 2VF-1
A separate, full-scale 3-story performance mock-up was built and tested at Smith-Emery’s lab in Los Angeles. Here, water penetration and air infiltration tests were conducted over the course of several days. Acoustical testing was conducted at a separate laboratory. Although glass has known acoustic properties, values for the framing system were unknown. Acoustic testing resulted in units facing the 110 freeway having sound insulation inside the vertical mullions at the residential floor levels and custom acoustical components applied to the mullions between adjacent residences.
VISION PANEL - 1V VRE1-46
SPANDREL PAN EL ALUM. PANEL SIVERSM
SPANDREL PANEL SPANDREL PANEL SF GLASS ALUM. PANEL VISION PANEL - 1VF VRE1-46 50% WHITE LINE FRIT VISION PANEL - 2V VRE5-46
VISION PANEL VRE5-46
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VISION PANEL - 2V VRE5-46
(optional) PANEL -1V VISION PANEL VISION VRE1-46 VRE5-38
VISION PANEL - 2V VRE5-46 SPANDREL PANEL - 1SF SOLID WHITE BACK VRE1-46 WITH 50% WHITE LINE FRIT & 100% VISION PANEL - 1V VRE1-46
VISION PANEL - 3V VE1-42
VISION PANEL - 1V VRE1-46
VISION PANEL - 1VF VRE1-46 50% WH ITE LINE FRIT
VISION PANEL - 1V VRE1-46
SPANDREL PANE L ALUM. PANEL SIVERSM
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VISION PANEL - 1VF
SPANDREL PANEL SF GLASS
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USE * SPANDREL SPANDREL VISION VISION SPANDREL * SPANDREL VISION VISION * VISION * SPANDREL * SPANDREL VISION * VISION * SPANDREL * VISION
PANEL TAG 1S 1SF 1V 1VF 2S-1 2S-2 2V 2VF-1 2VF-2 3S 3SF 3V 3VF 4S 4V
NAME glaz spandrel 1 - Clear glaz spandrel 1 - frit on Clear - 50% Frit glaz vision 1 - Clear glaz vision 1 - frit on clear- 50% frit glaz spandrel 2 - sand finish unit glaz spandrel 2 - Blue glaz vision 2 - Blue glaz vision 2 - frit on Blue - 66% frit glaz vision 2 - frit on Blue - 50% frit glaz spandrel 3 - Gray glaz spandrel 3 - frit on Gray - 50% frit glaz vision 3 - Gray glaz vision 3 - frit on Gray - 66% frit glaz spandrel 4 - Clear at C-skin - no frit glaz vision 4 - Clear at C-skin
GLASS TYPE VRE 1-46 VRE 1-46 VRE 1-46 VRE 1-46 VIRACON SF40 #1 HS VRE 5-46 VRE 5-46 VRE 5-46 VRE 5-46 VE 1-42 VE 1-42 VE 1-42 VE 1-42 VRE 1-59 VRE 1-59
#2 SURFACE 50% Line Frit 50% Line Frit
66% Line Frit 50% Line Frit 50% Line Frit 66% Line Frit
#4 SURFACE V948 - Medium Gray Viraspan V175 - High Opacity White VC-1439 V175 - High Opacity White
V175 - High Opacity White V175 - High Opacity White V948 - Medium Gray Viraspan
* NOT INCLUDED IN MOCKUP
Los Angeles Convention Center Hotel & Condominiums 05.4131.000
Tower Curtainwall Mockup
August 29, 2007
Gensler
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CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE | LACCH RITZ CARLTON, JW MARRIOT - LOS ANGELES, CA 27
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Unit INSTALlATION Each unit’s extruded aluminum framing was fabricated in Thailand, the glass by Viracon in Minnesota. All components were shipped to the Enclos assembly facility in Pomona, California for local assembly. Extrusion components were assembled into frames and the various cladding elements installed.
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Curtainwall units were typically installed during the night shift to ease site congestion and crane scheduling. The panels were stored at Enclos’ Pomona facility and were lifted directly from the truck beds into place after arriving on site. The curtainwall units spanned two full floors when possible to reduce installation time and minimize the need for addition.
A Loading a pallet with units for transport to site B Units joined together during night time installation C Curtainwall installers guiding unit into place D Hoisting a double height unit E Guiding a corner unit with outrigger into position F Tower cladding progress
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CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE | LACCH RITZ CARLTON, JW MARRIOT - LOS ANGELES, CA 29
CAMOUFLAGE ENVELOPE | LACCH RITZ CARLTON, JW MARRIOT - LOS ANGELES, CA 31
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STACKED WOOD BATTENS BIOLA UNIVERSITY - PRAYER CHAPEL
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Anchored within the modernist fabric of Biola University’s campus, the 32,000 square foot Talbot School of Theology contains primarily administrative and classroom space. The project called for a roughly 550 square foot flexible prayer space to be located in a windowless bay of the basement level of the decidedly contemporary classroom building. Initially imagined by users as a mini middle-age church interior borrowed from somewhere in Western Europe, the design is rooted in a less literal and a far more ancient reference to the very earliest of prayer spaces. Inspired by the ancient, yet meaningful to users from any nonEuropean cultural background, the chapel is a found space distinguishing itself by its size, use and design from the rest of the building.
LOCATION La Mirada, California CLIENT Biola University PROJECT OFFICE Gensler Los Angeles CONTRACTOR Millie & Severson SUB-CONTRACTOR Seeley Brothers LIGHTING CONSULTANT Studio K1 COMPLETION October 2011 PROJECT SIZE 550 SF GENSLER TEAM David Herjeczki / Nathan Kim / Christian Bushong / Charrisse Johnston
LOCATION & origin The design originates in observing the irony of its basement location and aligning it with the recurrent Biblical precedent of prayer spoken from the depths. Thus the design is conceived as a “heavyâ€? space deliberately set apart from, but fully formed within, the host classroom building. To articulate this difference, the formal language of the prayer chapel is that of pochĂŠ, its walls being monochromatic, monolithic, and continuously swept with no corners that would give way to the expression of joints, all in purposeful contradiction to the more lightly assembled tectonics of the overall classroom building. Set apart from the host buiding, the chapel is entered through a deliberately indistinct door from the exterior via a transitional vestibule. Daylight is not available due to the concrete shear walls bounding the space.
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A Old olive trees harvested from campus B Overall plan C Illustrative section
STACKED WOOD BATTENS | BIOLA - PRAYER CHAPEL - LA MIRADA, CA 35
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Traditional handcraftsmanship prevailed in the cost model and the finished surface of the ceiling was installed piece by piece. The result is a remarkable example of craftsmanship and collaboration between artisan and architect.
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There was a tremendous effort to make all evidence of the mechanical system, sprinklers and code-required equipment “disappear�. One example is the close coordination by the architect and mechanical engineer of the linear air diffusers and returns that are matched perfectly into the random wood battens.
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mock-up & details
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Wood batten profiles Original module intended for CNC fabrication Ventilation integration section Slot air diffuser detail Finish mock-up panel Finished fire sprinkler cover Tongue & groove wood batten detail
STACKED WOOD BATTENS | BIOLA - PRAYER CHAPEL - LA MIRADA, CA 37
The randomly stacked, curved wood ceiling is perhaps the most daunting element of the project. Initially envisioned to be CNC fabricated and unitized to control costs, traditional hand-craftsmanship prevailed in the cost model and the finished surface of the ceiling was installed piece-by-piece by hand. Pre-finished tongue and groove pieces were each blind nailed to the ceiling surface like a floor. The wood is a mix of Douglas Fir, Western Red Cedar and Olive harvested from the campus. Numerous samples and mockups were made to determine the optimal blend. The ceiling is primarily Douglas Fir given its economy and naturally wide variation in tone and grain.
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CONSTRUCTION sequence
A Studs curve in plan to form the rear wall & light coves B Angled rough framing for ceiling C Curved plywood secondary framing
D Plywood sheathing at the light cove E Mock-up panel applied to finish-ready ceiling F Progress on wood batten installation
STACKED WOOD BATTENS | BIOLA - PRAYER CHAPEL - LA MIRADA, CA 39
Upon entry, the room is dark, the ceiling is set very low, imparting a strong sense of weight. Proceeding inward, the space expands as the ceiling sweeps up to a brightly lit ceiling opening: the singular source of illumination in this windowless site.
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the ceiling A Section through room B Light cove section shop drawing C Ceiling edge reveal detail D Framed out light cove E LED lamps set in slot without acrylic cover F Subframing being applied to curved ceiling supports G Ceiling edge reveal at wall
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STACKED WOOD BATTENS | BIOLA - PRAYER CHAPEL - LA MIRADA, CA 41
contemplative space All materials of the room are natural and hand crafted. The carpeting is custom woven for the space from cactus and banana leaves. The wood ceiling contains a mixture of renewable wood and reclaimed wood. Standing over seven feet tall, the custom-crafted olive wood cross in front is from a rare straight tree, previously cut from the campus. Naturally brittle, the tree was sliced and dried in a controlled environment for several months, then laminated back together. The entire space is lit with LED luminaires.
A Shop drawings cross details B Backlit cross C Completed chapel
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STACKED WOOD BATTENS | BIOLA - PRAYER CHAPEL - LA MIRADA, CA 43
Every surface, floor, wall and ceiling has been worked by hand, emphasizing craft and further setting apart the space from the systematic and prefabricated assemblies of the host building.
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FOLDED APERTURE
GENSLER LOS ANGELES ATRIUM SKYLIGHT
PROJECT DESCRIPTION When Gensler began looking for a new home for their Los Angeles office they sought a space that would embody the values of the firm, support and enhance the way their employees work. The physical and cultural transformation the project represented would serve as both a model of the workplace of the future and as a design lab for themselves and their clients. Gensler selected a building designed in 1971, a former bank branch at City National Plaza in Downtown Los Angeles. The freestanding building had sat vacant for nearly 9 years. The design approach sought to create a highly open, flexible, and transparent workspace focused around a 3-story daylight-filled atrium with a connecting stair to encourage spontaneous interaction between studios located on different floors. Daylight was brought into the atrium by cutting a 30’ by 50’ opening in the existing roof and ceiling while leaving the structural beams of the roof intact. The opening created was covered with a large, custom-designed skylight. A beautiful machine designed to mitigate lighting, ventilation, and emergency smoke exhaust in
the atrium.
LOCATION Los Angeles, California
The skylight shape, intentionally inverted and twisted, directs rainwater to a gutter that diagonally crosses the center area of the skylight. Operable windows along the sides of the skylight are automated to provide access to natural ventilation and act as a smoke evacuation system in the event of an emergency.
CLIENT Gensler
In order to control the solar heat gain from the skylight the glass received a 40% grey, dot frit pattern combined with a high performance low-e coating. The frit combined with a set of shades that are automatically deployed below the skylight at key times of day control glare.
SUBCONTRACTOR Metcoe Specialties
The atrium skylight was one of the key features that helped Gensler’s Los Angeles Office achieve LEED-CI platinum certification, with 86 points (80 required for Platinum).
PROJECT SIZE 53,000 SF
PROJECT OFFICE Gensler Los Angeles CONTRACTOR Inner Space Contractors
COMPLETION November 2011
GENSLER TEAM Kim Alford / Richard Hammond / Arpy Hatzikian / Robert Garlipp / Yasushi Ishida / Rob Jernigan / Valentin Lieu / Sabu Song / Evangelique Zhao
CONCEPT SECTIONS
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A Smoke control concept B Overall project section
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FOLDED APERTURE | GENSLER OFFICE - DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 47
GEOMETRY MORPHOLOGY The geometry of the skylight was developed through a series of studies focused on the experiential and performative qualities of the atrium. A concept for a flat skylight quickly evolved into an idea for a three-dimensional skylight with the shape of a shallow traditional gabled roof. This geometry was then inverted to be a butterfly shape--lower in the center than on the perimeter. A twist was introduced to upset the skylight’s symmetry providing a sense of dynamism and reference to the diagonally-offset conference room boxes housed below the skylight.
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A Iterative design studies for skylight shape B Skylight morphology from standard shape to final shape C Stills from smoke simulation animation
SMOKE EVACUATION C
FOLDED APERTURE | GENSLER OFFICE - DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 49
The performative capabilities of the skylight are controlled by the building’s mechanical system and play an integral role in the smoke evacuation approach for the atrium. Rather than energy-intensive fans at the top of the space triggered to run when smoke is present in the space, operable windows are automatically opened and passively allow smoke to be evacuated. Since the windows are tied to the HVAC and fire-life safety system multiple trades, consultants, and inspectors were involved. The functionality of the approach was simulated early in the design process and verified prior to occupancy under supervision of the fire marshal.
project basics
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1 Gutter, M-6 at skylight valley 2 Gutter, M-6 3 Glazing butt joint 4 Operable window 5 Perimeter beam per structural 6 (N) cricket 7 (E) roof 8 Gutter, M-6 9 Aluminum mullion, M-6 10 Aluminum rafter mullion with pressure cap, M-6
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A Axonometric of skylight B Plan A Side Axonometric C Elevationdrawing B Plan Elevation and elevations D End
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1 GL-3, typ. 2 15 degree angle 3 GL-4, typ. 4 SS gutter liner 5 Steel reinforcement rafters, typ. 6 Operable window, typ. 7 Existing roof C
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FOLDED APERTURE | GENSLER OFFICE - DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 51
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A Detail of skylight gutter B Detail of operable skylight window C Detail of roof penetration
1 GL-3, typ. 2 #118 exterior aluminum x-bar 3 #143 exterior Aaluminum rafter 4 W21x44 steel I-beam 5 3/8” S.S. bolt 6 1/8” aluminum gutter 7 A36 steel u-clip 8 1/8” rigid insulation 9 .040” aluminum flashing 10 3/16” bent aluminum splice plate 11 #41 extruded aluminum caps
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skylight DETAILS B
FOLDED APERTURE | GENSLER OFFICE - DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 53
1 0.063” aluminum closure w/ 1” backing insulation 2 1/4” aluminum angle cup 3 #142 extruded aluminum header 4 1/8” aluminum U-clip 5 0.060” aluminum brake metal 6 0.040” aluminum flashing 7 1” insulated glass (GL-4) 8 Motorized operator 9 0.063” aluminum brake metal closure 10 Steel beam 11 Rigid insulation 12 Steel shim plate
ATRIUM CONSTRUCTION Once the steel workers cut the 30’ x 60’ opening into the roof deck, the space was instantaneously transformed. Due to complexity of shape, the contractor built each half of the skylight at their shop prior to shipping to the jobsite for final installation. This allowed the design team to pre-punch and make design alterations that could be incorporated prior to installation. One of the most critical coordination items during construction was the operable windows along north and south sides of the skylight. Given the size and weight of the windows, numerous mock-ups were constructed in the field and tested to ensure that power operated actuator functioned properly during the economizer cycle and fire alarm mode. A number of the oversized window ended up receiving two actuators.
A Removal of existing roof deck for skylight B Skylight mockup C Existing beams in new opening D Skylight frame before installation of glass E Rooftop anemometer tied into window controls
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FOLDED APERTURE | GENSLER OFFICE - DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 55
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The final step during construction was the water test. The spec prescribed the duration, the angle, and the water pressure with the use of a special hose, which turned out to be harder to find than expected. During the first day, the skylight was leaked along the bottom of the window sill mullion. Upon closer inspection, the contractor realized that they had inserted a wrong size gasket. Once the new gasket was installed, the skylight passed the water test.
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COMPLETED ATRIUM
The performative qualities of this skylight transform it from being a simple aperture into a beautiful machine for lighting, ventilation and emergency smoke exhaust. A Completed skylight B Skylight being cleaned C Atrium with skylight above
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FOLDED APERTURE | GENSLER OFFICE - DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES 57
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TRANSFORMATION CATHAY BANK BUILDING RENOVATION
PROJECT DESCRIPTION East of downtown Los Angeles a prominent, though outdated building on the I-10 Freeway required extensive renovation. A new exterior envelope dramatically re-shaped and reproportioned the building, working with the volumetric constraints set by its existing structural frame. Transformed, the resulting renovation creates a distinctive landmark for Cathay Bank, while delivering a naturally lit, sustainable workplace for its employees. One of the primary improvements is to the building envelope. In the existing building, in order to achieve comfortable lighting levels, office lights would need to be switched on throughout the day due to inefficient, darkly tinted glass at the perimeter. Views out were limited by the small size of the window openings and the decorative use of horizontal blinds on the interior. The renovation introduced new floor-to ceiling curtain wall allowing daylight to penetrate deeply into the office floor plate while providing unobstructed views out. While the maximization of transparency helps convey
the bank’s intentional message of openness, it also plays an important role in the daylighting of the workplaces within. A critical balance of visual transparency and energy performance is made through the variation of each building facade in relation to its solar orientation. Not just skin deep, natural light was a key driver in the planning of the workplace floors to optimize comfort and energy utilization.
LOCATION El Monte, California CLIENT Cathay Bank PROJECT OFFICE Gensler Los Angeles CONTRACTOR Turelk CURTAIN WALL CONSULTANT John Wier COMPLETION DATE March 2009 PROJECT SIZE 113,000 SF PROJECT TEAM Peter Barsuk / David Herjeczki / Satoru Kato / Kester Robinson / Anadelia Robles / Albert Sawano / Colette Smith / Michael Wiener
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A Existing building as seen from the I-10 freeway B Photo of new facade as seen from the freeway C Existing building on the south side of I-10 freeway D Building frame after demolition of original facade E New floor plate. Slab extensions are shown in blue
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TRANSFORMATION | CATHAY BANK - EL MONTE, CA 61
Gensler’s innovative design solution overcame a major technical challenge of supporting a floor-to-ceiling curtain wall on an existing concrete frame system that was not originally built for the purpose. In addition to reinforcing the structural frame of the building as a part of the seismic upgrade, new composite concrete and steel slab extensions expand the floor slabs to carry the curtain wall, resulting in a gain to the building’s usable floor area.
extendED EDGES The design reversed the prominence of the original structure’s grid of windows nestled among protruding columns by pushing the new curtain wall out past the columns to create the effect of a floating glass plane. Extending existing floor slabs beyond the structural columns and attaching curtain wall to the slabs on the north and south facades allows for floor-to-ceiling views in and out, displaying the workplace activity contained within the envelope. The increased access to natural light reduces the artificial lighting load by half.
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A Wall section of extended edges at top floor of building B Wall section of extended edges at third floor of building C Redlined shop drawing of curtain wall components D Installation of corner unit of curtain wall, vertical aluminum fins in place on the western facade
4 Face of existing column beyond 5 Glass skirt at bottom of curtain wall
The north and south flanks of the building were extended out from the original frame to enlarge the floor area and introduce large spans of exterior glazing, which bring in daylight and views.
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COMPONENT PARTS TRANSFORMATION | CATHAY BANK - EL MONTE, CA 63
The building was neither tall, slender nor long; however, through a series of thoughtful, formal operations we were able to dramatically increase the visual prominence of the building without increasing its overall height.
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1 Existing concrete frame 2 Steel pan doweled into existing concrete slab 3 Metal ceiling plenum closure panel 4 Integrated roller shade 5 Factory assembled, pre-glazed Kynar-coated alumnimum frame 6 Full-height spectrally selective, low-e insulated glazing unit 7 Back painted low-iron spandrel glass at floors
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A Slab extension under construction, the steel pan, frame and reinforcing bars are visible prior to the concrete pour B Typical bay with slab extensions during construction C Exploded axonometric of curtain wall and slab extensions D Installation of unitized curtain wall E Aluminum stick-built curtain wall under construction F Unitized curtain wall system with stick-built system visible beyond
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TRANSFORMATION | CATHAY BANK - EL MONTE, CA 65
transparent VOLUME
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A Corner detail of curtain wall system at north facade B Detail at glass skirt at bottom of curtain wall system
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TRANSFORMATION | CATHAY BANK - EL MONTE, CA 67
NORMAN Y. MINETA SAN JOSE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Located about 3 miles north of Downtown San José, the Norma Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport is in the heart of the Silicon Valley, on the southern edge of the San Francisco Bay. The Terminal B Concourse was phase one of Gensler’s master plan for the airport’s major expansion that includes a new terminal, concourse, parking facilities, and roadway system designed to meet the needs of 21st century air travel in San Jose and Silicon Valley. With a striking design that expresses the region’s leadership in technology and innovation, the Terminal B Concourse provides a signature identity for the airport and the city of San José. San Jose enjoys over 325 days of sunshine a year. The ideal climate affords the residents of the area an outdoor lifestyle that can be found in San Jose; streets lined with outdoor dining, shops and plazas. However, this relaxed, sunny city is also the gateway to Silicon Valley where information technology and innovation continue to change the world we live in. The concept for the Terminal B Concourse combines the two characters of San Jose: relaxed sunny spaces wrapped by a skin of perforated
metal. Inspired by fibers of information wrapped inside layers of cable, the architecture expresses a ‘peeling back’ of layers. People, lights and activity are seen as ‘data’ streaming through this peeled skin.
LOCATION San Jose, California PROJECT OFFICE Gensler Los Angeles CLIENT Norman Y Mineta San Jose Int’l Airport GENERAL CONTRACTOR Clark Construction SUBCONTRACTOR Overly Manufacturing Company COMPLETION DATE 2010 PROJECT SIZE: 340,000 SF / 10 Gates PROJECT TEAM: Terence Young / Steven Hergert / Brenda Wentworth / Claude Kamar / Salim Ahmed / Lutzie Francisco / Imre Takacs / Bart Tucker / Steve Weindel / Benji Ward / David Loyola
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PERFORATED METAL CLADDING
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The perforated metal outer-most skin serves to filter daylight into the various retail and dining areas along the concourse. A very simple, budget conscious profile metal inner-layer serves as the weather barrier. Between these two layers is a service and maintenance walkway, lighting effects and supporting structure for the outer layer.
METAL PANEL ENCLOSURE
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A Inspiration sketch B Early concept section showing the two layers of the east elevation
PERFORATED METAL CLADDING | SAN JOSE INT’L AIRPORT - SAN JOSE, CA 71
The design originated from the examination of the nature of information technology; the fuel that powers the economic engine of San Jose’s fabled computer-centric Silicon Valley. The Terminal B Concourse is an expression of information filtration: people become “information” that is routed and sorted like bytes of data.
CROSS SECTION PROFILES The complex undulations combined with the arrangement of different wall panels meant that there was no “typical” section through the east facade. This compositon of materials required the team to create a series of section cuts through each condition and create a series of 3D details to examine the interweaving nature of the overlapping and undulating perforated metal
E Section @ G.L. 11 F Section @ G.L. 6 G Section @ G.L. 5 H East Elevatiuon
A Section @ G.L. 51 B Section @ G.L. 41 C Section @ G.L. 31 D Section @ G.L. 30
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SYSTEM 3 SAIL AREA # 1 SYSTEM 9 CONCESSION BUB BLE #1
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PERFORATED METAL CLADDING | SAN JOSE INT’L AIRPORT - SAN JOSE, CA 73
SYSTEM 3 SAIL AREA # 1 SYSTEM 9 CONCESSION BUB BLE #1
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SYSTEM 9 Aluminum Panels on Back-up System
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OVERLAPPED PANELS The perforated metal sheath is an important element to the visionary, sculptural and artistic persona of the airport. Remaining true to the original concept, the documentation of the overlapping and interweaving of the facade require a tight collaboration between the architect, contractor, manufacturer and installation contractor during construction docuemnts and construction.
EL. VARIES ALONG BLDG. EXT. F.O. EYEBROW CLADDING EL. 99’-15 1/8” T.O. STEEL (NOT SHOWN)
EL. 78’-11 3/8” MECH PENTHOUSE LEVEL
EL. 60’-11 3/8” CONCOURSE LEVLE
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A Concept sketch B Section @ G.L. 8 C Section @ G.L. 6 D Structural supports behind metal panels E Metal panels on structural framing
PERFORATED METAL CLADDING | SAN JOSE INT’L AIRPORT - SAN JOSE, CA 75
EL. VARIES ALONG BLDG. EXT. F.O. EYEBROW CLADDING
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B 1 System 3 panels -1/8” aluminum perforated metal hole pattern #1, window system beyond 2 System 5 panels -1/8” aluminum perforated metal hole pattern #2 3 System 9 eyebrow panels -1/8” aluminum plate 4 Light fixture beyond 5 6” diameter perimeter pipe curved 3-directions 6 1/8” thick alum. end stiffener welded in factory 7 Edge of 6” dia. horizontal pipe beyond
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A Interstitial space behind perforated cladding B Partial elevation (G.L. 8 ~ G.L. 4) C Hole pattern 1 corner elevation D Hole pattern 2 corner elevation E Horizontal panel joint
8 13/32”Ø X 3/4” slot in panel for expansion control 9 Anodized alum. angle w/2” Slot & prepunched holes 10 3/16” vertical panel joint 11 6” dia. steel pipe girt aligned w/ horizontal panel joint 12 Steel plate welded bracket back to curved steel pipe 13 Structural steel fin @ 5’ o.c. 14 Using prepunched holes in angle, field drill through fin & install (1) hexagon head bolt through slots 15 1/8” thick alum. angle - 1/2”Ø plug weld @ 12” o.c.
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Specifications called for the perforated metal sails to be composed of one monolithic anodized aluminum sheet with a minimum thickness as required to meet the deflection criteria. The sails were fabricated from punched and formed monolithic aluminum panels. The aluminum was finished after punching.
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Two patterns of perforations were used: Pattern 1 used 1/2” diameter holes with 11/16” staggered centers, 2.4 holes per square inch for an open area of 45%. Pattern 2 consisted of 5/16” diameter holes with 7/16” staggered centers, 6 holes per square inch, for an open area of 46%. All aluminum surfaces were thoroughly cleaned and given a coating of non-fading, clear anodized, inorganic type hard coat compatible with the alloy used. The coating is a Class 1 type with a minimum film thickness of 0.025mm, colored #17 ‘clear’ and applied after fabrication was completed using a nitric acid wash to seal.
pErfORATED METAL LAYER
PERFORATED METAL CLADDING | SAN JOSE INT’L AIRPORT - SAN JOSE, CA 77
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2 A 1 System 3 panels -1/8” aluminum perforated metal hole pattern #1, window system beyond 2 System 5 panels -1/8” aluminum perforated metal hole pattern #2 3 System 9 eyebrow panels -1/8” aluminum plate 4 Light fixture beyond 5 6” diameter perimeter pipe curved 3-directions
B 6 1/8” thick alum. end stiffener welded in factory 7 Edge of 6” dia. horizontal pipe beyond 8 13/32”Ø X 3/4” slot in panel for expansion control 9 Anodized alum. angle w/2” Slot & prepunched holes 10 3/16” vertical panel joint 11 6” dia. steel pipe girt aligned w/ horizontal panel joint 12 Steel plate welded bracket back to curved steel pipe
13 Structural steel fin @ 5’ o.c. 14 Using prepunched holes in angle, field drill through fin & install (1) hexagon head bolt through slots 15 1/8” thick alum. angle - 1/2”Ø plug weld @ 12” o.c. 16 Outrigger below from building column out to screen wall vertical support 17 12” dia. curved steel pipe, vertical
A Vertical panel joint B Vertical edge detail
PERFORATED METAL CLADDING | SAN JOSE INT’L AIRPORT - SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 79
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CONCRETE REED WALL THE CAMPUS AT PLAYA VISTA
PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Campus at Playa Vista is a four-building office project in West Los Angeles designed with a focus on the quintessential Southern California indoor/outdoor experience. Located in the West Los Angeles community of Playa Vista, the design all but required a solution that incorporated outdoor spaces for meeting, eating or simply getting away from the desk for a moment. Playa Vista gets rain just seven business days per year and the community’s average temperature is 72 degrees. Arranged along a gently curving site, the project employs tiers of privacy to take full advantage of temperate climates and accommodate views north and south between buildings. Considered the front door of the project, the south elevation fronts a lowspeed access road with an urban park and a backdrop of bluffs beyond. The ground level lobbies for the four office buildings are directly off the access road with a common parking plinth connecting each building. The face of the parking in between each building is fronted by a concrete
patterned wall inspired by the reeds of the wetland sanctuary nearby.
LOCATION Playa Vista, California PROJECT OFFICE Gensler Los Angeles CLIENT Tishman Speyer CONTRACTOR Hathaway Dinwiddie SUB CONTRACTOR Clark Pacific COMPLETION 2009 PROJECT SIZE 325,000 SF GENSLER TEAM Rob Jernigan / Kevin Heinly / Arpy Hatzikian / Eric Stultz / Scott Taylor / Robert Garlipp / Sihenne Ng / Ruan Gobuty / Yeva McCloskey / Joy Emery / Valetin Lieu / Winston Lim / Shamir Panchal / Mamum Hashem / Laurence Lessard / Jonathan Lim / David Woo / Soo Young Yoon / Olivier Sommerhalder
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CONCRETE REED WALL | THE CAMPUS AT PLAYA VISTA - PLAYA VISTA, CA 83 C
A Elevation / section at lobby / plaza building 2 & 4 B Elevation / section at retail building 2 C Precast screenwall axon D Precast screenwall elevation E Precast panel mock-up
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HIDDEN REPETITION Composed of eight vertical “reeds” each, the 9’-0” wide by 13’-0” tall by 8” deep concrete precast panels provide a sense of randomness from a single repeating panel. The effect is achieved by varying the depth of each concrete reed to create a sense of layering within each panel. The repeating pattern of the units is masked by the overlay of diagonal and near vertical elements within each panel and vertically inverting some of the panels as a whole. The concrete dimensions of the reeds were made as slender and elongated as possible based on minimum rebar requirements to convey lightness.
A Precast screenwall panel units B Screenwall construction
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B CONCRETE REED WALL | THE CAMPUS AT PLAYA VISTA - PLAYA VISTA, CA 85
FEATURE WALL CONCRETE REED WALL | THE CAMPUS AT PLAYA VISTA - PLAYA VISTA, CA 87
CONCRETE REED WALL | THE CAMPUS AT PLAYA VISTA - PLAYA VISTA, CA 89
EDITORIAL TEAM
A Danielle Duryea B Jon Garcia C Robert Garlipp D Shawn Gehle E Nora Gordon F Chris Kao G Heidi Konieczka H Greg Kromhout I Hae-Sun Kim J Nathan Kim K Rhe Kim L Nicolas Pappas M James Schrader N Sung-Ze Yi
Photos by Mini Chu
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