Architectural Infrastructure Networks of Architecture
Project Background >
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Infrastructure as Architecture -Designing Composite Networksby: Katrina Stoll & Scott Lloyd “The involvement of architects is necessary to shape the development of infrastructure design.� Five Constituent Parts > > > > >
Economy Ecology Culture Politics Space/Networks
Project Background > > > > >
Infrastructure as Architecture Reflects a developed world model of “infrastructure-then-space” Architectural Infrastructure The developing world follows a “space-then-infrastructure” model The intention of this project is to develop a system to address infrastructural issues in existing built environments through architecture
Three Infrastructures >
Physical > > > >
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Economic > > >
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Transportation Water Power Waste Purchase Sale Trade
Social > > > >
Healtcare Education Civic Public Interaction
Networks >
Infrastructures are networks >
Physical Networks >
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Economic Networks >
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(Ecological) (Ecological)
Social Networks
Simple or complex Three basic forms
Paul Baran > > >
Polish American Engineer Father of computer networks “On Distributed Communications” > >
1964 Design of “Survivable” systems
Centralized > >
Relies on a single, central hub Connectivity radiates out to secondary nodes
Decentralized > > >
Relies on a series of hubs Primary hubs are connected to at least one other hub Connectivity radiates out to secondary nodes
Decentralized > > >
No hub/node differentiation All points are equally weighted in the network The loss of a single point does not cause the loss of any other point
Architectural Infrastructure >
Utilizes each network type in specific situations to promote positive growth in all three infrastructure categories
It’s not “Slum Fixing” >
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The historical modernist approach to social projects has been “enter>demolish>replace>leave” Recent, more successful projects have focused on “enabling” the local population and encouraging community interaction This interaction continues to promote the community in the future
The Facility >
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The proposed architectural solution is a series of “enabling facilities� intended to encourage community connectivity The intention is to enable and encourage each infrastructure network > > >
Physical Economic Social
Scale >
These connections occur on different levels of scale > >
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The Neighborhood The City
The three network types will be used – each when it is most appropriate – to address these scales
The Neighborhood >
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Each independent facility will address the needs of its local community This facility operates as the hub of the Centralized Network of the neighborhood
The City >
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The intention is not to provide one large HUB to serve the city but rather a series of HUBs in a Distributed Network Facilites will be connected by public transportation There is no hierarchy of HUBs Each HUB is connected to at least two other HUBs
The City >
The Distributed Network of HUBs overlaid on a series of distinct Centralized Networks creates a Decentralized Network of community interaction
Three Infrastructures >
Physical > > > >
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Economic > > >
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Transportation Water Power Waste Purchase Sale Trade
Social > > > >
Healtcare Education Civic Public Interaction
The Catalog >
To move these areas of interest into the built environment, an architectural catalog has been developed
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
Physical Program > > > > >
Circulation Power Transportation Waste (ecology) Water (ecology)
Economic Program > >
Production Exchange
Social Program >
Public Interaction > >
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Sports Community (ecology)
Culture Education Health
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
Spatial Relationship Diagrams >
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MVRDV’s Skycar City utilizes a diagramming technique to assist in properly locating programmatic elements A modified version of this technique has been used to visualize relationships between parts and the future whole
Spatial Relationship Diagrams >
5 key components effect the location of each element > > > > >
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Access Daylight Security Views Visibility
The importance of each component is ranked from 0 to 5 for every space and arranged on a star-shaped diagram
Spatial Relationship Diagrams >
5 key components effect the location of each element > > > > >
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Access Daylight Security Views Visibility
The importance of each component is ranked from 0 to 5 for every space and arranged on a star-shaped diagram
Spatial Relationship Diagrams >
These diagrams help the placement of each individual programmatic element in the context of the future whole > > > >
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Street level or elevated Transparent or opaque cladding How many points of ingress Street frontage or back of house
Programmatic elements with similar diagrams will be in close proximity
Spatial Relationship Diagrams >
These diagrams help the placement of each individual programmatic element in the context of the future whole > > > >
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Street level or elevated Transparent or opaque cladding How many points of ingress Street frontage or back of house
Programmatic elements with similar diagrams will be in close proximity
Spatial Relationship Diagrams >
These diagrams help the placement of each individual programmatic element in the context of the future whole > > > >
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Street level or elevated Transparent or opaque cladding How many points of ingress Street frontage or back of house
Programmatic elements with similar diagrams will be in close proximity
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
Origins of the Program >
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Christopher Alexander’s A Pattern Language was used as a guide for developing the program The major elements of the program have been selected and independently developed according to its guidelines
Sports Facilities Social Infrastructure 72. Local Sports “The human body does not wear out with use. On the contrary, it wears down when it is not used.” “Scatter places for team and individual sports through every neighborhood: tennis, squash, table tennis, swimming, billiards, basketball, dancing, gymnasium… and make the action visible to passers-by, as an invitation to participate.”
Sports Facilities Social Infrastructure >
Massing models > > >
Fast use mixture studies Volume comparisons Scale understanding
Sports Facilities Social Infrastructure >
Detailed models > > >
Provide justified minimum space requirements Show anticipated structural configuration Superstructure vs. substructure
Sports Facilities Social Infrastructure >
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Detailed models also show possible relationships with other programmatic elements Shows where similar spaces can be combined
Library Social Infrastructure 18. Network of Learning “In a society which emphasizes teaching, children and students become passive and unable to think or act for themselves. Creative, active individuals can only grow up in a society which emphasizes learning instead of teaching�
Art Studio Social Infrastructure 18. Network of Learning “In a society which emphasizes teaching, children and students become passive and unable to think or act for themselves. Creative, active individuals can only grow up in a society which emphasizes learning instead of teaching�
Dance Studio Social Infrastructure 18. Network of Learning “In a society which emphasizes teaching, children and students become passive and unable to think or act for themselves. Creative, active individuals can only grow up in a society which emphasizes learning instead of teaching�
Physical Program 34. Interchange 128. Indoor Sunlight 132. Short Passages 133. Staircase as a Stage 158. Open Stairs 195. Staircase Volume 206. Efficient Structure
Economic Program 9. Scattered Work 19. Web of Shopping 46. Market of Many Shops 60. Accessible Green
Social Program 40. Old People Everywhere 46. Local Sports 47. Health Center 63. Dancing in the Street 67. Common Land
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
Skins and Cladding >
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The climate of the test site dictates that most of the spaces be open air More private spaces will completely enclosed and conditioned >
Varying levels of opacity
Open Air Cladding Based on day-lighting and privacy, open air cladding could consist of: > Railings > Chain-link Fence > Vertical louvers > Horizontal louvers > Fabricated facades All treatments will be manufactured off-site and installed with simple, bolton connections
Sealed Cladding Sealed cladding could consist of: > Curtain walls with spider fittings > CMU block walls >
Most common construction method in developing countries
These wall-types allow for complete enclosure and conditioning
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
Rainwater Collection > > >
30% of Mexico City’s drinking water must be trucked in Water is increasingly the city’s most valuable resource Roof catchment and water storage will be key to a successful approach to physical infrastructure
Energy Production >
Wind > >
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Possibly effective depending on location and height Slow, steady winds are prevalent in the area
Solar > >
Likely effective Maintenance will be a key concern due to Mexico City’s poor air quality
Systems >
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All of these systems’ effectiveness and feasibility are dependent upon total roof area Once a roof area is determined, water and solar potential can be calculated
The Catalog > > > >
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List of possible spaces Spatial relationship diagrams Mass models Detail models with substructure elements Skins and cladding Water, energy, and waste systems
Diagrammatic Studies > > > >
Local Employment Opportunities Relationships of Uses Spheres of Influence and Connectivity Materials Origin
Local Employment Opportunities > > >
Design Phase Construction Phase Operations Phase
Local Employment Opportunities > > >
Design Phase Construction Phase Operations Phase
Local Employment Opportunities > > >
Design Phase Construction Phase Operations Phase
Local Employment Opportunities > > >
Design Phase Construction Phase Operations Phase
Relationship of Uses > > >
Design Phase Construction Phase Operations Phase
Relationship of Uses > > >
Design Phase Construction Phase Operations Phase
Spheres of Influence >
Population Density Nezahualcoyotl >
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17,500 people / sq. km.
Walking Distances > > >
5 min. 10 min. 20 min.
Spheres of Influence >
Population Density Nezahualcoyotl >
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17,500 people / sq. km.
Driving Distances > >
5 min. 10 min.
Materials Origin >
Structural steel > > > >
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Fabricated steel components > >
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Columns Trusses Joists Decking Skins and cladding Metal studs
CMU blocks Glass
Project Site Cuidad Nezahaulcoyotl, Mexico > Low income > Densely populated > Incrementally constructed > Strict grid plan
Project Site Adjacency > Airport > Metro line > Lago Texcoco > Reclaimed landfill
Project Site Planning > Series of residential blocks about 1km square > The center of these blocks is zoned “neighborhood center” > Most of these “centers” are now privately owned
Project Site Planning > Series of residential blocks about 1km square > The center of these blocks is zoned “neighborhood center” > Most of these “centers” are now privately owned
Project Site Adjacency > Church > Market > Private school > Mixed use > Dense residential
Project Site Census Data – INEGI > Age > Drainage > Education level of head of house > Electricity > Family structure > Number in household > Number of bedrooms > Relationships in household > School level > Sex of head of house > Toilet availability > Water supply
Project Site Weather Data > Wind Frequency
Project Site Weather Data > Wind Speed
Project Site Weather Data > Temperature Bins
Project Site Weather Data > Diurnal Averages
Project Site Weather Data > Monthly Rainfall
Project Site Weather Data > Relative Humidity
Project Site Weather Data > Temperature Min/max
Next Steps > > >
Analyze census data and make a profile of the population Choose programmatic elements Design a test facility
Architectural Infrastructure Networks of Architecture