Railway Magazine 2

gisurvebT bednier mgzavrobas!

www.railway.ge

saqarTvelos rkinigza π2 / sarCevi

ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisa da rebrendingis samsaxuri tel: +995 32 219 95 73 www.railway.ge

Jurnalis menejmenti: gazeTi „jorjia Tudei“ meliqiSvilis 1, Tbilisi 0179 tel: +995 32 229 59 19 www.georgiatoday.ge

6-9

rkinigza da rkinigzelebi siaxleebi

redaqtori: maka bibilaSvili nomerze muSaobdnen: Tamar dekanoiZe Salva buaCiZe irma kaxuraSvili eva menTeSaSvili-viazovski daTo turaSvili lela oCiauri aleko cqitiSvili baCo kvirtia dizaini: natalia Rlonti, nata yifiani stili: baCo kvirtia reklama: anuka foladiSvili

10 14

istoria baTumis rkinigza

Deutsche Bahn, Made in Germany

matarebelSi sakiTxavi

18

matarebeli qarTul kinoSi

22

„vefxistyaosnis“ saiubileo gamocemebi

26

qarTuli modernizmi

32

„mTvaris muzeumi“ TbilisSi

38

50 qali saqarTvelodan (gagrZeleba)

44

46 52

58 62

persona nani bregvaZis pirveli musikaluri albomi aRmoaCine galaktioni „dRevandeli“

Temur CxeiZis marad(axal)i Teatri

biznesi qvevris Rvino saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis brendi xdeba qarTuli koniakis elitaruli brwyinvalebis istoriidan

68 72

78 82

turizmi daTo turaSvilis sveti: „ori iberia“ baqo - „cecxlis qalaqi“

esse baCo kvirtias matarebeli saqarTveloSi saqarTvelos rkinigzis cnobari

warmatebis weli axali gamowvevebi axali xedva axali strategia

koka guncaZe, sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomare „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ moklevadiani gegma axali tvirTebis mozidvasa da axali bazrebis aTvisebaSia. tvirTebis transportirebis usafrTxoeba, mgzavrTa momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba, infrastruqturis modernizacia da Tanamedrove marTvis sistemebis danergva, Cveni prioritetebia. „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ momavlis Cveneuli xedvis Tanaxmad, „saqarTvelos rkinigza“ unda gaxdes mTavari Semadgeneli komponenti evraziuli satransporto derefnisa, romelic akavSirebs aRmosavleTs dasavleTTan, kerZod, centralur azias evropasTan, kaspiis, Savi zRvisa da samxreT kavkasiis gavliT; metic, Cveni strategiaa, mocemuli derefnis integrireba ufro globalur satransporto sistemebSi, rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavleTis mimarTulebiT. Cveni derefani erT-erTi yvelaze mokle da swrafia; Cveni amocanaa partnior qveynebTan erTad, is iafi da komfortulic gavxadoT; am konkurentuli upiratesobis efeqturi marTviT SevZlebT ufro mWidro TanamSromloba davamyaroT yvela monawile qveyanasTan, romelTac ara mxolod sarkinigzo gadazidvebis serviss, aramed srul satranzito jaWvs SevTavazebT sazRvao portebisa da aeroportebis CaTvliT.

mamuka baxtaZe, generaluri direqtori: axali strategiis Tanaxmad, „saqarTvelos rkinigza“ uaxloes momavalSi multimodalur satransporto da gadamzidav kompaniad unda vaqcioT. Cven konkurentul upiratesobas saterminalo biznesSi SesvliTac vaZlierebT. qarTul ekonomikaSi Tavis kontribucias „saqarTvelos rkinigza“ rogorc Sida, adgilobrivi gadazidvebis xelSewyobiT, ise saqarTvelos mTavari geopolitikuri simdidris – tranzituli potencialis maqsimalurad efeqturi gamoyenebiT gazrdis. miuxedavad imisa, rom navTobsadenis, aviaciis, sazRvao portebisa da saavtomobilo gadazidvebis roli mniSvnelovania, „saqarTvelos rkinigza“ saqarTvelos satranzito potencialis gazrdaSi umTavres wvlils Seitans, rasac infrastruqturis, moZravi Semadgenlobebisa da logistikuri momsaxurebis mudmivi gaumjobesebisa da, rac mTavaria, swori strategiis marTvis Sedegad mivaRwevT. Cveni strategiuli mizani sxva evraziuli derefnebis konkurenciaa, rasac aziasa da evropas Soris yvelaze swrafi da iafi satransporto momsaxurebis ganviTarebiT SevZlebT. „saqarTvelos rkinigza“ saqarTvelos mTavari geopolitikuri simdidrea da, Sesabamisad, Cven Ria varT sazogadoebisaTvis. informacia Cveni strategiisa da finansuri maCveneblebis Sesaxeb gamWvirvale da xelmisawvdomia.

www.railway.ge

misia – Cveni misiaa, saqarTvelo vaqcioT yvelaze efeqtur damakavSirebel satransporto derefnad aziasa da evropas Soris satvirTo gadazidvebis, mgzavrTa momsaxurebis efeqturi organizebiT, infrastruqturisa da moZravi Semadgenlobebis mudmivi ganviTarebiT. xedva – Cveni xedva efuZneba marTvis sistemebisa da adamianuri resursebis mudmiv ganviTarebas gadamzadebisa da ganaTlebis xelSewyobiT, imisaTvis, rom mivaRwioT saukeTeso saoperacio da finansur maCveneblebs. infrastruqtura – Cven uzrunvelvyofT efeqtur sarkinigzo infrastruqturul momsaxurebas da vaxorcielebT efeqtian investiciebs. Cveni sainJinro SesaZleblobebi da kompetencia umaRlesi standartebisaa. satvirTos xedva – Cven mudmivad vzrunavT tvirTbrunvis moculobis, saxeobebisa da geografiuli arealis gazrdaze. CvenTvis mTavaria is pasuxismgebloba, rac gvakisria sazogadoebis, TanamSromlebisa da yvela dainteresebuli mxaris winaSe. samgzavros xedva – rkinigzis mgzavrTa yoveldRiuri cxovrebis gaumjobeseba Cveni prioritetia. „saqarTvelos rkinigza“ unda iyos lideri mgzavrTa gadayvanis sferoSi, rasac uzrunvelvyofT sxvadasxva xarisxiani satransporto momsaxurebis SeTavazebiT iseT fasad, rom rac SeiZleba met adamians hqondes „saqarTvelos rkinigziT“ mgzavrobis SesaZlebloba.

rkinigza da rkinigzelebi/ siaxleebi

`saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ generaluri direqtoris mamuka baxtaZis viziti aSS-Si ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ generaluri direqtori, mamuka baxtaZe, qarTul delegaciasTan erTad vaSingtonSi imyofeboda. vizitis mizans aSS-dan investiciebis mozidva warmoadgenda. delegaciis wevrebma Sexvedra jon hopkinsis saxelobis universitetis saerTaSoriso kvlevebis centrSi gamarTes. Sexvedras aseve eswrebodnen saqarTvelos sainvesticio fondisa da erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos xelmZRvanelebi, romlebmac amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis administraciebisa da bizneswreebis warmomadgenlebs qarTuli sainvesticio bazris mdgomareoba gaacnes. „amerikel partniorebTan Sexvedrisas, Cven SevexeT im SesaZleblobas, romelic sul ramdenime xnis win gamogviCnda - saubaria CineTidan tvirTebis mozidvaze. garda amisa, gavakeTeT prezentacia, Tu ra logistikuri servisis SeTavazeba SegviZlia avRaneTis mimarTulebiT. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, vimedovnebT, rom sainvesticio TvalsazrisiT amerikuli kompaniebi Cveni satranzito derefniT dainteresdebian,“ - ganacxada ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ generalurma direqtorma mamuka baxtaZem.

baTumSi axali sabaJo terminali gaixsneba ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzam“, TurqeTSi, qalaq stambulSi axali proeqtis prezentacia moawyo. ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ gadawyvetilebiT, baTumSi mimdinareobs avtomobilebidan sarkinigzo vagonebze gadasatvirTi sabaJo terminalis mSenebloba, romelic eqspluataciaSi mimdinare wlis bolosTvis gadaecema. unikaluri geografiuli mdebareobis gamo, saqarTvelo TurqeTsa da centraluri aziis qveynebs Soris SemaerTebeli satransporto xidi gaxda. aTeuli wlebia, rac Turqi gadamzidavebis mZimewoniani avtomobilebi saqarTvelos gavliT azerbaijanis, somxeTisa da Sua aziis qveynebisken miemarTebian. SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac Cans avtomobilTa yoveldRiuri raodenobrivi zrda. rac mTavaria, saqarTvelos ekonomikuri efeqti am tranzitSi minimaluria. baTumis terminalis gaxsniT, saqarTvelo aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs satranzito biznesSi, romelic iwyeba TurqeTidan da evropis gavliT, Sua aziaSi sruldeba. amasTanave, sabaJo terminali xels Suwyobs saqarTveloSi satransporto infrastruqturis integrirebas msoflio satransporto sistemebTan. am proeqtiT gaumjobesdeba qveynis garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi, ekologiuri mdgomareoba da rac mTavaria, es yvelaferi ekonomikurad momgebiani iqneba Turqi gadamzidavebisTvisac. Turquli kompaniebi, Sua aziis mimarTulebiT tvirTebis gadazidvisas, sul cota 500 aTasi dolaris odenobis investirebas axorcieleben, xolo am proeqtiT sargeblobis SemTxvevaSi, mas investireba ar sWirdeba. prezentacias oTxasamde gadamzidavi kompaniis warmomadgeneli daeswro, xolo proeqtis Sinaarsi ori aTasamde saerTaSoriso gadamzidavs gadaegzavna.

6

რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / სიახლეები

avtori: Tamar dekanoiZe

Sps `trans kavkasus terminalsis“ universaluri saterminalo momsaxureba ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ Svilobili kompania Sps „trans kavkasus terminalsi“ momxmarebels msoflios nebismieri mimarTulebiT universalur saterminalo momsaxurebas Tbilissa da foTSi, da samomavlod, valeSic SesTavazebs.

Sps `trans kavkasus terminals“ gansazRvruli aqvs, kidev ufro gazardos tvirTbrunva Tanamedrove sakonteinero gadazidvis teqnologiebis danergviT, da sakuTari sakonteinero parkis brunvaSi gaSvebiT, saqarTvelos ekonomikis zrdis Tanamonawile gaxdes. mis mizans warmoadgens saterminalo infrastruqturisa da logistikuri jaWvis gaumjobeseba saqarTvelosa da kaspiis zRvis regionebSi. amisTvis igi partniorebs sTavazobs: 1. bazarze yvelaze iaf sakonteinero sarkinigzo gadazidvas foTidan da baTumidan Tbilisamde; 2. foTisa da Tbilisis terminalebs saSualeba eZlevaT sakonteinero tvirTebi sarkinigzo vagonSi gadatvirTon; 3. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebas, Txevadi, maT Soris Rvinis, xilis koncetratebisa da nayari tvirTebis konteinerebiT gadazidvis mizniT.

stipendia warCinebul studentebs saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis sarkinigzo mimarTulebis warCinebuli studentebi ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzisgan“ stipendiebs miiReben. `saqarTvelos rkinigza“ 10 000 larian dafinansebas III da IV kursis im studentebisTvis gamoyofs, romelTa semestruli qulebis saSualo maCvenebeli (saswavlo wlis Sedegebis mixedviT) 91 da mets utoldeba. stipendiis odenoba TiTo studentze 125 lari iqneba. studentebs, romlebic sul mcire ori semestris ganmavlobaSi miiReben stipendias, ufleba eqnebaT monawileoba miiRon ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ Sida korporatiul konkursebSi, vakanturi Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad. ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzasa“ da teqnikur universitets Soris gaformebuli xelSekrulebis mizania, satransporto da manqanaTmSenebeli fakultetis studentTa sarkinigzo mimarTulebebiT daintereseba, kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadeba da maTi ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzaSi“ mozidva. dokuments xeli moaweres ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ generalurma direqtorma mamuka baxtaZem da saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis reqtorma arCil frangiSvilma.

Sps `trans kavkasus terminalsis“ generaluri direqtori levan jRarkava acxadebs, rom kompanias samomavlod dagegmili aqvs: 1. Tbilisis sakonteinero terminalze daxuruli sabaJo sawyobis ageba, romelic iTvaliswinebs konteineriT mosuli tvirTebis swrafad gadatvirTvas, sabaJos sawyobSi Senaxvasa da etapobrivad ganbaJebis serviss. 2. kaspiis zRvis regonebisTvis sakuTari sakonteinero universaluri parkis Seqmna da misi tvirTbrunvaSi gadacema. 3. saavtomobilo gzebis gantvirTvisaTvis da samxreT-CrdiloeTis satransporto koridoris ufro efeqturad amoqmedebisaTvis, valeSi sarkinigzo sakonteinero terminalis ageba.

სიახლეები / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

7

`saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ Sesaxeb gadaRebulma sareklamo rgolma MARKETING BRILLIANCE AWARD-is biznes dajildoebaze gaimarjva

rostomi, SitexOrbis-is marketingis direqtori debansu dasi da sxvebi. warmatebiT imuSava gadamRebma jgufma da sareklamo rgoli saqarTvelos rkinigzis saimijo klipi gaxda.“

uprecedento aqcia ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ sareklamo rgolma `gisurvebT bednier mgzavrobas“ BOC-is mier organizebul Marketing Brilliance Award-is biznesdajildoebaze saukeTeso sareklamo rgolis nominaciaSi gaimarjva.

RonisZieba TbilisSi, sastumro `Tbilisi mariotSi“ gaimarTa da miznad isaxavda sxvadasxva industriul seqtorSi yvelaze inovaciuri da saukeTeso marketinguli proeqtebisa da piar-proeqtebis gamovlenas.

RonisZieba moicavda erTdRian konferencias, sadac sakuTari moxsenebebiT gamovidnen msoflios wamyvani brendebis (Microsoft, BBC, Nokia, Philips, London Transport Museum) warmomadgenlebi. konferenciis momxseneblebma qarTvel marketerebs interaqtiuli prezentaciebi da saintereso qeisebi SesTavazes, gauziares uaxlesi tendenciebi marketingSi da dainteresdnen kolegebis gamocdilebiT. ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosis daCi cagurias gancxadebiT: `rkinigzis Sesaxeb gadaRebulma sareklamo rgolma Jiuris didi mowoneba daimsaxura. Jiuris wevrebs Soris iyvnen: tomas ienseni - Microsoft-is korporatiuli komunikaciebis direqtori axlo aRmosavleTisa da afrikis regionSi, londonis transportis muzeumis direqtori devid uorsingtoni, BBC-s yofili reportiori da amJamad erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili mediatreneri toni koli, jeison otki - Philips-is korporatiuli komunikaciebis direqtori did britaneTsa da irlandiaSi, devid kiini - Google-is sawarmoo marketingis ganyofilebis ufrosi did britaneTsa da irlandiaSi, Honda-s socialuri mediis menejeri simon nikolsoni, Nokia-s momxmareblis CarTulobis menejeri omar

8

რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / სიახლეები

ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ filial `mgzavrTa gadayvanam“ dekemberSi uprecedento aqcia moawyo: mimdinare wlis 4 dekembers, dasavleT saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebze Seqmnili uamindobis gamo, yvela saxis avtotransportis moZraoba Sewyda. `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ menejmentis gadawyvetilebiT, Tbilisi-zestafoni-Tbilisis mimarTulebiT dainiSna damatebiTi eleqtromatarebeli da am mimarTulebaze mgzavrTa ufaso gadayvana ganxorcielda. ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ filial `mgzavrTa gadayvanis“ direqtori daviT gelaSvili: `rogorc mogexsenebaT, klimaturi pirobebis mkveTrad gauaresebis gamo, mimdinare wlis 4 dekembers Sewyda saavtomobilo transportis yvela saxeobis moZraoba rikoTis uReltexilze, ramac gamoiwvia mgzavrTa didi raodenobiT Tavmoyra zestafonisa da xaSuris vagzalSi. moqalaqeebs, rkinigzis garda, sxva alternatiuli transportiT gadaadgilebis araviTari saSualeba ar gaaCndaT. ganrigis Sesabamisad moZrav samgzavro matareblebze ki Tbilisis mimarTulebiT yvela bileTi gayiduli iyo. aseTive sirTuleebi Seiqmna xaSuris vagzalSic, sadac mgzavrebi iTxovdnen dasavleT saqarTvelosken gadaadgilebas. Seqmnili viTarebis dasaregulireblad, operatiulad davukavSirdi ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ generalur direqtor mamuka baxtaZes da erToblivad miviReT gadawyvetileba, erTjeradad gagveSva specialuri matarebeli, romelmac uzrunvelyo mgzavrebis gadayvana orive mimarTulebiT - ufasod!”

rkinigzelma „aristokratebma“ mini-fexburTis turnirSi gaimarjves ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ Sida struqturul erTeulebs Soris rkinigzelis dRisadmi miZRvnili minifexburTis turniri Catarda. turnirSi 20 gundi iRebda monawileobas, romlis SemadgenlobaSic ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzisa“ da Svilobili kompaniis TanamSromlebi arian. finaluri matCi sportkompleqs „arena 2“-is stadionze Sedga. pirvel adgilze filial „satvirTo gadazidvebis“ gundi „aristokratebi“ gavida. meore adgili Tbilisis maxarisxebeli salokomotivo depos sammarTvelos gund „lokomotivs“ ergo, xolo mesame - ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ eleqtromomaragebis departamentis uReltexilis eleqtromomaragebis sammarTvelos gundma „eleqtrofikatorma“ daikava. gamarjvebulebi ss „saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ generalurma direqtorma mamuka baxtaZem, filial „satvirTo gadazidvebis“ direqtorma aleqsandre nikolaiSvilma da filial „infrastruqturis“ direqtorma guram guramiSvilma daajildoves. gamarjvebul gundebs, saprizo medlebTan erTad, fuladi premiebic gadaecaT. turniris saukeTeso `bombardiris“ tituli gund `lokomotivis“ wevr Temur baramiZes mieniWa, xolo saukeTeso fexburTelis wodeba ilia modebaZem

miiRo. turniris mizania, `saqarTvelos rkinigzaSi“ xeli Seuwyos TanamSromlebs Soris komunikaciis amaRlebasa da jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas. msgavsi turnirebis Catarebas `saqarTvelos rkinigza“ momavalSic gegmavs.

`axali abreSumis gza“ astanaSi yazaxeTis respublikis dedaqalaq astanaSi me-2 saerTaSoriso satransporto-logistikuri biznesforumi gaimarTa, saxelwodebiT `axali abreSumis gza“, sadac monawileobas iRebda ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ delegacia, generaluri direqtoris mamuka baxtaZis xelmZRvanelobiT. forumis farglebSi, ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ wamomadgenlebma xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas, romelic iTvaliswinebs `transkaspiuri saerTaSoriso satransporto marSrutis ganviTarebis sakoordinacio komitetis“ dafuZnebas. `saqarTvelos rkinigzasTan“ erTad, SeTanxmebaSi xelmomwer mxareebad warmodgenilia yazaxeTisa da azerbaijanis rkinigza, aqtausa da baqos portebi. sakoordinacio komitetis mizania, aRniSnul marSrutze tvirTebis mozidva, koordinirebuli satarifo politikis gatareba gamWoli tarifebis dadgenis mizniT, satransporto kavSirebis efeqturobis amaRleba, marSrutis konkurentunarianobis uzrunvelyofa, erToblivi integrirebuli logistikuri produqtis Seqmna. SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, xelmoweridan 30 dRis vadaSi Seiqmneba muSa jgufi, romelic SeimuSavebs sakoordinacio komitetis debulebas. ss `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ xelmZRvanelobis gancxadebiT, aRniSnuli iniciativa waaxalisebs Suaaziuri warmoSobis tvirTTan erTad, Cinuri tvirTebis (ZiriTadad, konteinerebis) mozidvas TRACECA-s derefanSi.

სიახლეები / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

9

rkinigza da rkinigzelebi/ istoria

baTumis rkinigza avtori: Tamar dekanoiZe

aWara, Tavisi unikaluri mdebareobisa da Sav zRvaze gamavali satranzito potencialis gamo, mudmivad Sedioda mezobeli qveynebis interesebSi. rusi istorikosi, poto werda: `baTumis siaxlove Cvens sazRvrebTan da konstantinepolTan, misi dakavSirebis simarjve, gvavaleben Cven mas vucqiroT, rogorc saukeTeso baziss.“

arc evropa `iviwyebda“ saqarTvelos Tavis momaval politikur perspeqtivebSi. inglisi, am interesebis WidilSi, bosforisa da dardanelis sruteebis xelSi CagdebiT, gzas ixsnida Savi zRvisken – baTumisaken, da aqedan - mTeli kaspiispireTis, wina da Sua aziis satranzito da savaWro gzebisaken. qveyanaSi, romelsac aseTi SesaSuri upiratesobebi gaaCnda, Zalze mwiri iyo is pirobebi, romelic saSualebas miscemda, mis xelT arsebuli simdidre Tavissave sasargeblod gamoeyenebina. im dros, iseTi fufuneba, rasac rkinigza hqvia, aramarto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTels amierkavkasiaSi mxolod ramdenime regionze gadioda. saqarTveloSi sarkinigzo mSeneblobis gaaqtiureba erT-erTi mTavari piroba iyo qveyanaSi mrewvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis. sarkinigzo mSenebloba TavisTavad iwvevda mrewvelobis mTeli rigi dargebis aRmocenebas, xels uwyobda zogierTi maTganis Semdgom gafarToebas. meore mxriv, rkinigza Tavisi damxmare sawarmoebiT Tavad warmoadgenda msxvil samrewvelo obieqts. mainc ratom iyo aseTi mniSvnelovani baTumSi rkinigzis gayvana?

10

რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / ისტორია

prokrediti

ისტორია / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

11

qarTuli rkinigzis ganviTarebis istoriaSi aRsaniSnavia 1883 wlis 21 maisi, rodesac baTumis sarkinigzo xazi gaixsna. ruseT-TurqeTis 1877-1878 wlebis omis damTavrebis Semdeg, imTaviTve dadga esoden didi strategiuli mniSvnelobis qalaqisaken rkinigzis gayvanis sakiTxi. ukve 11 weli iyo gasuli amierkavkasiaSi pirveli rkinigzis amoqmedebidan da aSkarad igrZnoboda progresi, romelic qveyanas transportis am saxeobis Semosvlis Semdeg daetyo. arsebiTad, rkinigzis gayvanis Sedegia is, rom baTumi samrewvelo qalaqad iqca da es yvelaferi baqos navTobis eqsportis organizacias ukavSirdeboda. vidre uSualod baTumis xazis mSenebloba daiwyeboda da aWaris am mdidar mxareSic `daigugunebda matarebeli da amoZravdebodnen jaWvad gadabmuli vagonebi, 1883 wlis 8 maiss gza Tbilisidan baqosken gaixsna. manamde ar arsebobda baqos navTobis saerTaSoriso bazarze gasatani pirdapiri magistrali. Tbilisi-baqosa da TbilisibaTumis sarkinigzo xazebis gaxsniT, baqos sanavTobo kvanZi daukavSirda amierkavkasiis magistrals da Sesabamisad, gza gaexsna msoflio bazrisken.

1883 wels inJinrebma bungem da palaSkovskim daaarses `kaspia-Savi zRvis navTis gadamamuSavebeli da savaWro sazogadoeba“, romelic 1886 wlidan rotSildis 12

რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / ისტორია

parizis firmis xelSi gadavida. uwindelTan SedarebiT, gaadvilda ucxoeTidan da ruseTidan manqanebis Semotana da gadaiWra meqanikuri warmoebis energetikuli bazis sakiTxic (baqos navTobis Semozidva da sxva). iseve, rogorc amierkavkasiis magistrali, ozurgeTi-baTumis sarkinigzo xazic saaqcio sazogadoeba `amierkavkasiis rkinigzam“ gaiyvana. Tavdapirvelad warmodgenili sami variantidan: samtredia-ozurgeTi-baTumi, samtredia-lanCxuTi-baTumi da foTizRvis sanapiro-baTumi, yvelaze mosaxerebeli da Sesaferisi meore varianti aRmoCnda. is, teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, gacilebiT martivi iyo da amasTanave, guriis dasaxlebuli punqtebis umetesobas moicavda. sarkinigzo xazis gaswvriv, sul rva sadguri moqmedebda: samtredia, nigoiTi, sajavaxo, lanCxuTi, sufsa, natanebi, qobuleTi da baTumi.

1883 wels, baTumis sarkinigzo xazis gaxsniT, saqarTvelo gaaqtiurda da gamdidrda ekonomikuri, politikuri da kulturuli TvalsazrisiTac. qveyanaSi dasavleTis mdidari kapitalis Semodineba SesaZlebeli gaxda. baTumi dResac rCeba saqarTvelosTvis umniSvnelovanes strategiul qalaqad, romelic didad Seuwyobs xels qveynis winaSe arsebuli mravali problemis gadaWras.

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TBILISI CENTRAL ისტორია / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

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DEUTSCHE BAHN MADE IN

GERMANY avtori: Salva buaCiZe

„matarebliT mgzavroba siamovneba yofila. didi siamovneba!“ - aseTi iyo Cemi uwinaresi fiqri, roca pirvelad movTavsdi germanul matarebelSi. es 2000 wlis adreul Semodgomaze moxda, da ara marto germanul matarebelSi, aramed germaniaSi, da saerTod, evropaSic pirvelad gaxldiT da daqceuli qveynis warmomadgenlis mentalitetis mqone 15 wlis biWs, civilizebuli evropis yvela detali, TiToeuli kuTxe-kunWuli da nebismieri teqnologiuri siaxle maocebda, magram matarebeli pirveli da yvelaze mZafri SegrZnebebis momtani gaxda, radgan es iyo pirveli transporti TviTmfrinavis Semdeg, pirveli axlo Sexeba evropasTan da evropelebTan. 14

რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / სიახლეები

im dros saqarTveloSi matarebliT mgzavroba arasasiamovno iyo, Tumca amas hqonda Tavisi obieqturi mizezebi: mouwesrigebeli matareblebi, sabWoTa periodis Semdeg TiTqmis ucvleli, da ra Tqma unda, kidev ufro regresirebuli infrastruqtura, arasasiamovno abitusis mqone gamcileblebi da Tanamgzavrebi, romlebsac Zalian uWirdaT. Sesabamisad, CvenTan matarebliT mgzavroba „goimobadac“ ki miiCneoda. matarebliT dabali fena mgzavrobda. saSualo fena „marSrutkebSi“ Wyletvas amjobinebda, maRali ki - cxadia, sakuTar avtomanqanas. hoda, pirvelad swored germanul matarebelSi mivxvdi, realurad ramdenad Sors iyo saqarTvelo evropisgan... ...da pirvelad SemSurda evropis, roca Cems win, savarZelSi, axalgazrda, saqmiani mamakaci moTavsda. palto gaixada, pijakis Rilebi Seixsna, halstuxi odnav moiSva, mogrZo Tmaze xeli orjer gadaisva, CanTidan leptopi amoiRo, gaxsna da muSaobas Seudga.

Zalauneburad, warmovidgine, ra xdeboda im dros romeliRac „qarTul“ matarebelSi: mZime suni, sig-

aretis kvamli, amiT gabrazebul aramwevelTa Cumi sayvedurebi, SigadaSig, Sinauri frinvelebi da cxovelebic, gaCerebebze xangrZlivi dgoma marto imitom, rom satvirTom „absoluturad obieqturi mizezebis“ gamo daagviana... maSin Cemi zurgCanTidan gazeTi „bildi“ amoviRe, sportis gverdze gadavfurcle, Tavisuflad Semovde erTi fexi meoreze da mec evropeli gavxdi. fsevdo-evropeli, ra Tqma unda. frankfurtidan zaarbriukenamde daaxloebiT 200 kilometria da zustad ar maxsovs, ramdenjer gaCerda matarebeli, magram Zalian kargad maxsovs is, rom bileTebi mxolod erTxel Seamowmes da CemTvis esec Soki iyo. iseve, rogorc is, rom mosawev vagonSi ramdenime mwevels eZina (!) da maxsovs is axalgazrda, msubuqad putkuna qalic, romelic im leptopiani kacis Semdeg dajda Cems win da romelmac ramdenime satelefono zaris Semdeg, jer fexsacmeli gaixada da meore savarZelze fexebi Semoawyo, wignis „fsiqologis rCevebi ukeTesi cxovrebisTvis“ oriode furceli waikiTxa, mere ki Tavisi zurgCanTa TavqveS amoido, zurgi maqcia, fexebi mokeca, ukanali momiSvira, cota xanSi ukve tkbilad eZina, da albaT, „is fsiqologi“ esizmreboda.

mdebareobs da romelic 1994 wels, „doiCe bundesbanisa“ da „doiCe raixsbanis“ gaerTianebiT Seiqmna. es aris yvelaze didi sarkinigzo moZraobisa da sarkinigzo infrastruqturis kompania centralur evropaSi, romelic ramdenime welia, rac germaniis sazRvrebsac gascda da ukve saerTaSoriso kompaniaa. germanelebi yovelTvis eswrafvodnen sakuTari sazRvrebs miRma gasvlas da Tuki adre amas mTeli msofliosTvis miuRebeli gziT akeTebdnen, axla sxva qveynebis dapyrobas biznesiT cdiloben - amis saukeTeso magaliTi avtokoncerni „folksvagenia“, Tumca davubrundeT rkinigzas. „doiCe banic“ koncernia, romelic integrirebuli koncernebiTaa struqtuirebuli da 1000-ze meti Svilobili kompania hyavs. magaliTad, DB Netz, romelic sarkinigzo infrastruqturis kompaniaa da evropaSi sarkinigzo gzebis yvelaze did qsels flobs. marto DB Netz-is Semosavali mTlianad „doiCe banis“ Semosavlis TiTqmis naxevars Seadgens. meore naxevars ki koncernis sxva wevri kompaniebi gamoimuSaveben.

fexsacmlis gaxda da wamowola me arc mifiqria. pirvelad viyavi germaniaSi, germanul matarebelSi da qals is saqcieli uzrdelobaSi CavuTvale, magram mere, droTa ganmavlobaSi mivxvdi, rom is uzrdeloba sinamdvileSi Tavisufleba iyo. iseTi Tavisufleba, romelsac adamianebi xSirad TviTonve izRudaven, rasac mere da mere arasasurveli gverdiTi movlenebi axasiaTebs.

centraluri evropis yvelaze didi sarkinigzo kompania is matarebeli da is garemo absoluturad Made In Germany iyo. germaniaSi sarkinigzo mimosvlas „doiCe bani“ (Deutsche Bahn) aregulirebs. ufro konkretulad, „saaqcio sazogadoeba doiCe bani“ (Deutsche Bahn AG), romlis saTao ofisi, raRa Tqma unda, berlinSi სიახლეები / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

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2000 wlamde „doiCe banis“ centraluri ofisi frankfurtSi mdebareobda, mere ki berlinSi gadaitanes da axla swored dedaqalaqSi, „potsdamer platcze“ (potsdamis moedani), e.w. „banTauerSi“ (Senobis saxelwodeba) mdebareobs. kompaniis ZiriTadi kapitali 2,15 miliard evros Seadgens da 430-milioniani aqciebiTaa (nominalebis gareSe) ganawilebuli. yvela wilis mflobeli germaniis federaciuli respublikaa. anu, „doiCe bani“ saxelmwifo kompaniaa.

8-miliardiani wagebidan 1,477-miliardian mogebamde 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, evropaSi rkinigza wamgebiani gaxda da mosalodnelze metad imata moTxovnam avtomobilebze. im dros, roca sxva qveynebis rkinigzaTa Sefebi sagonebelSi Cavardnen da TiTqmis yvela interviuSi acxadebdnen, rkinigzas SesaZloa momavali ar hqondeso, germanelebs gamosavali ukve mofiqrebuli hqondaT. xvdebodnen, rom saxelmwifo monopolia araefeqtiani iyo, xelisuflebis organoebi Tavisufal kompaniebad unda gadaeqciaT, sarkinigzo qselebi ki damoukidebeli pretendentebisTvisac xelmisawvdomi unda yofiliyo. germaniaSi „bundesbanma“ 1993 weli 7,9 miliardiani evros odenobis wagebiT daxura. wamgebiani iyo „deoiCe raixsbanic“ da yvela mixvda, rom saswrafod reforma iyo saWiro, romlis farglebSi unda gaerTianebuliyo yvela sarkinigzo kompania, rac 1994 wlis pirvel ianvars, saaqcio sazogadoeba „doiCe banis“ SeqmniT dasrulda, romelic klientebze da bazarze unda yofiliyo orientirebuli, da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovani gaxldaT, unda gamxdariyo momgebiani. mTlianad Seicvala kompaniis struqtura, gamoicvala da gadamzadda personali, kompaniis saqmianoba gaxda gaxsnili da Ria TanamSromlobis msurveli nebismieri damoukidebeli kompaniisTvis. sawyi16

რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / ისტორია

si, logikurad rTuli periodis Semdeg, koncerni momgebian relsebze Sedga.

„doiCe bani“ maleve gascda germaniis sazRvrebs, aiTvisa sarkinigzo qseli da dRes ukve centraluri evropis udidesi da yvelaze momgebiani sarkinigzo kompaniaa - araerTi qvekoncerniTa da 2013 wlis 20 martis mdgomareobiT, 300 000-ze meti TanamSromliT. 2012 wlis monacemebiT, „doiCe banis“ mogebam 1,477 miliardi evro Seadgina, balansi ki - 52,490 miliardi evroa. koncernis struqtura dRes sam ZiriTad nawiladaa gayofili: Mobility (samgzavro transporti), Networks (infrastruqtura da momsaxurebis sfero), Logistics (tvirTis gadazidvebi da logistika). „doiCe bani“ dRes ukve TviTon gvevlineba sponsoris rangSi - ZiriTadad, sportSi. magaliTad, aris safexburTo klubebis, berlinis „hertas“ (generaluri) da frankfurtis „aintraxtis“ (premium) sponsori. aqtiurad afinansebs saerTaSoriso sportul RonisZiebebs, regionalur gundebs da unarSezRudulTa sports. matareblebi aRWurvilia Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT. udidesi popularobiT sargeblobs Cqarosnuli matarebeli ICE (Intercity-Express), romelic gansakuTrebuli komfortiT gamoirCeva.

*** 2000 wlis Semdeg araerTxel gaxldiT evropaSi da araerTxel visargeble „doiCe banis“ momsaxurebiT. ICE-s veraferi Seedreba da „doiCe banis“ standartebisgan, ra Tqma unda, jer kidev Zalian Sors varT, magram maSindelTan SedarebiT, matarebliT mgzavroba saqarTveloSic sasiamovno gaxda.

DEUTSCHE BAHN AG iuridiuli forma

saaqcio sazogadoeba daarsebis TariRi

1994 wlis 1 ianvari centraluri ofisi

berlini, germania xelmZRvaneloba

riudiger grube (direqtorTa sabWos Tavmjdomare); utc-helmuT felxti (sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomare) TanamSromlebi

300 000 (2013 wlis 20 martis mdgomareobiT) brunva

39 296 miliardi evro (2012) mogeba

1 477 miliardi evro (2012) balansi

52 490 miliardi evro (2012) saqmianobis sfero transporti/gadazidvebi veb-gverdi

www.deutschebahn.com ისტორია / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

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matarebeli qarTul kinoSi avtori: eva menTeSaSvili-viazovski foto: saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumis arqivi

saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi Cveni qveynis erT-erTi udidesi, umdidresi siZveleTsacavia. aq warmodgenili, daculi aTasobiT dokumenti TiTqmis amomwuravad asaxavs qarTuli xelovnebis mdidar tradiciebs.

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1927 wels daarsebuli muzeumis arqivebi unikaluria da ZiriTadad, qarTuli Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis mdidar tradiciebs asaxavs. muzeumSi daculia piradi arqivebi, xelnaweri da beWduri masala. didi adgili ukavia qarTul sasceno da kinoxelovnebas. aRsaniSnavia qarTuli kinos fotokatalogi, romelic 1912-1960 wlebs moicavs da unikaluria rogorc SinaarsiT, ise aRwerilobis formiT, radgan saqarTveloSi saarqivo fotomasalis mecnieruli damuSavebis tradicia, ramdenime gamonaklisis garda, faqtobrivad, ar arsebobda. gTavazobT fotomasalas „matarebeli qarTul kinoSi”, romelic muzeumis arqividan, eqskluziurad, mxolod Cveni mkiTxvelisTvis, muzeumis direqtorma giorgi kalandiam mogvawoda.

„Cqari #2“

„arsena jorjiaSvili“

1929 weli scenaris avtorebi: petre morskoi, Salva xuskivaZe reJisori: giorgi makarovi operatori: viqtor engelsi mxatvari: robert fedori foto: samgzavro matarebelTan Sekrebili xalxi

1922 weli munji drama, Sav-TeTri damdgmeli reJisori: ivane perestiani scenaris avtori: Salva dadiani damdgmeli operatori: aleqsandre diRmelovi damdgmeli mxatvari: fiodor puSi foto: muSebi rkinigzaze

მატარებელში საკითხავი

მატარებელში საკითხავი

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„isini Camovidnen mTidan“

„yvavili Tovlze“

1955 weli reJisori: nikoloz saniSvili scenaris avtorebi: akaki abeliSvili, manuel bolSinkovi, nikoloz saniSvili operatori: dimitri feldmani mxatvari: revaz mirzaSvili kompozitori: andria balanCivaZe foto: nastia da vefxia matareblis sarkmelTan

1959 weli reJisori: SoTa managaZe scenaris avtorebi: SoTa managaZe, grigori koltunovi, giorgi gelovani operatori: feliqs visocki mxatvari: ilamaz meZmariaSvili kompozitori: revaz laRiZe foto: nataSa kobaxiZe mamakacebis garemocvaSi

„sxvisi Svilebi“

„naxvamdis“

1958 weli reJisori: Tengiz abulaZe scenaris avtorebi: revaz jafariZe, Tengiz abulaZe operatori: levan paataSvili mxatvari: givi gigauri, kaxi xuciSvili kompozitori: arCil kereseliZe fotoebi: nato matarebelSi; bavSvebi liandagze

1934 weli reJisori: giorgi makarovi scenaris avtorebi: samuel kupraSvili, giorgi cagareli operatori: abram rudoi mxatvari: valerian sidamon-erisTavi foto: Tengizi (levan xotivari) matarebelSi

მატარებელში საკითხავი

„dariko“

„Sewyvetili simRera“

1936 weli scenaris avtori da reJisori: siko doliZe operatori: Salva afaqiZe mxatvari: korneli sanaZe kompozitori: iona tuskia filmi aRdgenilia 1970 wels foto: babale (nuca CxeiZe) matareblis vagonSi, gadasaxlebis dros

1960 weli kinostudia „qarTuli filmisa“ da kinostudia „kolibas“ (Cexoslovakia) erToblivi dadgma reJisori: nikoloz saniSvili scenaris avtorebi: konstantine lorTqifaniZe, albert marenCini, nikoloz saniSvili mxatvari: rudolf kovaCi kompozitorebi: revaz laRiZe, tibor andraSovni foto: muSebi javSnosani matareblis Sefasebisas

„ambavi erTi qaliSvilisa“ 1960 weli reJisori: mixeil Wiaureli scenaris avtorebi: leonid agranoviCi, mixeil Wiaureli operatori: giorgi kalatoziSvili mxatvari: dimitri TayaiSvili kompozitori: irakli gejaZe foto: mixa (akaki vasaZe), mariami (veriko anjafariZe), rezo (guram maWavariani) rkinigzis baqanze acileben lalis (sofiko Wiaureli) მატარებელში საკითხავი

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rva saukunis wigni `vefxistyaosnis“ saiubileo gamocemebi avtori: maka bibilaSvili foto: saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro, gela bedianaSvili

`v `vefxistyaosnis“ epoqasTan rva saukuneze meti gvaSorebs. poemisadmi interesi ki ufro da ufro matulobs. igi ara mxolod qarTvelebisTvis aris yvelaze Zvirfasi wigni, aramed misi mniSvneloba msoflios literaturul wreebSic aRiarebulia. amaze TiTqmis yvela enaze arsebuli `vefxistyaosnis“ Targmanebi da ucxoeli mkvlevrebis poemisadmi interesi metyvelebs.

`vefxistyaosnis“ beWduri gamocemidan 300 wlis iubiles aRsaniSnavad, iuneskom 2012 weli `vefxistyaosnis“ wlad gamoacxada. gasuli wlidan moyolebuli, am TariRTan dakavSirebiT araerTi RonisZieba Catarda. 2013 wlis seqtemberSi ki asobiT qarTul da ucxoenovan, xelnawer da beWdur `vefxistyaosans“ ori axali gamocema daemata. esenia: marjori uordropiseuli inglisuri da sergi wulaZis mier frangulad naTargmni `vefxistyaosani“.

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მატარებელში საკითხავი

`vefxistyaosnis“ xelnaweri da beWduri gamocemebi `vefxistyaosnis“ Cvens dromde moRweuli xelnawerebidan uZvelesi, 1646 wels, cnobil poetsa da kaligrafs mamuka TavqaraSvils gadauweria da miniaturebic Tavad daurTavs. rusTavelis poemis xelnawerebis raodenoba, calkeuli fragmentebis CaTvliT, or aseuls aRwevs. maT Soris, aRsaniSnavia: e.w. `wereTliseuli“, `zazaseuli“, `begTabegiseuli“, `gurgenaseuli“ da sulxan-sabas mier gadawerili xelnawerebi. `vefxistyaosnis“ erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dedani misi pirveli beWduri, 1712 wlis gamocemaa. mefe vaxtang meeqvses kargad esmoda rusTavelis poemis mniSvneloba qarTveli xalxisTvis da rogorc ki TbilisSi pirveli stamba daaarsa, maSinve `vefxistyaosnis“ gamocema daiwyo. es gamocema dRes „vaxtangis redaqciis“ saxeliTaa cnobili. „vefxistyaosani“ beWdurad meored 1841 wels gamoica. mis momzadebaSi qarTvel mecnierebTan - zaqaria falavandiSvilTan da daviT CubinaSvilTan erTad frangi akademikosi da „vefxistyaosnis“ pirveli franguli Targmanis avtori mari brosec monawileobda. ar SeiZleba ar vaxsenoT 1888 wliT daTariRebuli daviT qarTveliSviliseuli gamocema, romelic cnobili ungreli mxatvris mixai ziCis ilustraciebiTaa damSvenebuli.

XIX saukunis bolodan `vefxistyaosani“ iTargmna frangul (1885 weli), germanul (1889 weli), xolo XX saukunidan msoflios xuTive kontinentis TiTqmis yvela xalxis enaze. maT Soris: adiReur, arabul, TaTrul, iaponur, iakutiur, Turqmenul, monRolur, Cinur enebze.

`vefxistyaosnis“ axali franguli da inglisuri gamocemebi rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT, `vefxistyaosnis“ beWduri gamocemidan 300 wlis iubiles aRsaniSnavad, rusTavelis poemis inglisuri da franguli Targmanebi xelaxla gamoica. wignebi `bakur sulakauris gamomcemlobam“ saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosa da gaeros ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis organizaciis (UNESCO) dafinansebiT gamosca. gamocemas organizebas giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli kvlevis centri uwevda. orive `vefxistyaosani“ sergo qobulaZis ilustraciebiTaa gaformebuli. wignebis prezentacia saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministroSi gaimarTa. `vefxistyaosnis“ axali franguli gamocemis mTargmneli sergi wulaZea. man saqarTvelo 1921 wels, sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg datova, emigraciaSi mamasTan erTad gaemgzavra da parizSi cxovrobda.

1951 wels sorbonis universitetis medicinis doqtoris xarisxi miiRo. medicinis paralelurad, igi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli mTargmnelobiT saqmianobaSi. rusTavelis poemis garda, sergi wulaZem frangulad ioane sabanisZis `abo Tbilelis wameba“, iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba“ da qarTuli poeziis anTologia Targmna. maT Soris - nikoloz baraTaSvilis, galaktion tabiZis, giorgi leoniZis leqsebi. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg igi jer dimitri uznaZis saxelobis fsiqologiis institutSi, xolo Semdeg asaTianis saxelobis fsiqiatriis institutSi moRvaweobda. axali franguli gamocemis avtoris Sesaxeb giorgi CubinaSvilis erovnuli centris direqtori mariam didebuliZe gvesaubra: `sergi wulaZe safrangeTSi gaizarda. iq daamTavra samedicino instituti da literatori gaxda. mis mier naTargmni `vefxistyaosani“ parizSi 1963 wels gamoica. ori wlis Semdeg am TargmanisTvis igi safrangeTis akademiis langluas premiiT dajildoves. axal gamocemaSi langluas premiis serTifikatia Cadebuli. 1958 wels sergi wulaZe ojaxiT saqarTveloSi dabrunda. es im droSi gmirobis tolfasi iyo. man didi Rvawli gaswia safrangeTSi qarTuli kulturisa da literaturis popularizaciis saqmeSi.“

marjori uordropi

oliver uordropi მატარებელში საკითხავი

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rac Seexeba `vefxistyaosnis“ meore, inglisurenovan gamocemas, misi mTargmneli ingliseli mwerali marjori uordropia. am Targmanis istoria rom gavixsenoT, wina saukuneebSi unda vimogzauroT. marjori uordropi da misi Zma oliveri mWidrod iyvnen dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosTan. oliveri saqarTvelos pirvelad 1887 wels estumra, ris Semdegac narkvevi `saqarTvelos samefo“ dawera. am wignis gacnobis Semdeg, saqarTveloTi ukve oliveris da – axalgazrda marjoric dainteresda. marjori uordropma qarTuli enis Seswavla 1880iani wlebidan mari broses `qarTuli enis TviTmaswavleblisa“ da saxarebis qarTuli TargmaniT daiwyo. igi saqarTveloSi 1894 wels Camovida. `vefxistyaosanTan“ erTad, marjorim inglisurad Targmna qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi, ilia WavWavaZis `gandegili“ da `wminda ninos cxovreba“. `vefxistyaosnis“ marjori uordropiseuli sruli prozauli Targmani 1912 wels oliver uordropma gamosca. rusTavelis poemaze srulyofili warmodgena evropel mkiTxvels swored am wigniT mieca.

Targmani mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom mas oliver uordropis winasityvaoba da komentarebi aqvs darTuli. garda amisa, wignSi Sesulia rusTvelologiuri literaturis bibliografia da `vefxistyaosnis“ saxelTa saZiebeli. zogierTi mkvlevari marjori uordropis mier naTargmni poemis prozaul formas naklad miiCnevs, magram wignSi arsebuli komentarebi da ganmartebebi 24

მატარებელში საკითხავი

srulyofil warmodgenas uqmnis mkiTxvels `vefxistyaosnis“ stilsa da mxatvrul Rirebulebaze. garda amisa, uordropis Targmani strofebadaa dayofili da gabmuli Txrobis STabeWdilebas ar tovebs. marjori uordropi `vefxistyaosans“ aT welze metxans Targmnida. cnobilia, rom mas poemis galeqsvac undoda, magram ar dascalda. igi 1909 wels, sruliad axalgazrda gardaicvala. qarTveli da ucxoeli qarTvelologebi `vefxistyaosnis“ teqstze muSaobas agrZeleben. rusTavelis poema kvlav elis axal mTargmnelebs. igi unda gascdes msoflios literatorTa samecniero wreebs da ufro farTo sazogadoebam unda waikiTxos, Seafasos, rac saboloo jamSi, wignis cnobadobas msoflio masStabiT gazrdis. samwuxaroa, rom XX saukunis dasawyisidan moyolebuli, `vefxistyaosnis“ ekranizaciis mcdelobebi uSedegod dasrulda (axlaxan, saarqivo masalebis Seswavlis Sedegad, cnobili gaxda, rom 1925 wels erT-erT pirvel qarTvel kinoprodiusers germane gogitiZes `vefxistyaosnis“ gadaReba cnobili avstrieli reJisoris fric langisTvis SeuTavazebia, magram saWiro Tanxebis ararsebobis gamo, proeqti CaSlila). aRarafers vambobT bolo wlebSi mxolod kinoanonsisa da ideis doneze darCenili da ganuxorcielebeli gegmebis Sesaxeb. `vefxistyaosnis“ axali gamocemebi rusTavelis poemis saTanadod Sefaseba-dafasebis TvalsazrisiT gadadgmuli umniSvnelovanesi nabijia. miT ufro maSin, roca saqme marjori uordropisa da sergi wulaZis inglisur da frangul TargmanebTan gvaqvs.

მატარებელში საკითხავი

25

SoTa rusTaveli, „vefxistyaosani“, XVIII saukune xelnawerTa erovnuli centri ©

qarTuli modernizmi – epoqis ornamenti avtori: irma kaxuraSvili

135 kilometri Tbilisidan. saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze kolorituli raionis - kaxeTis sofeli mirzaani. aq, 1862 wels, glexis ojaxSi, legendaruli mxatvari da erTaderTi qarTveli animalisti niko firosmanaSvili (firosmani) daibada.

es misi saxl-muzeumia. muzeumis wiaRSi rudunebiT inaxeba mxatvris ferweruli namuSevrebi, unikaluri fardagebis koleqcia da qiziyuri yofis amsaxveli eqsponatebi. firosmanis daujereblad tragikuli biografiis miuxedavad, misdami interesi arasodes neldeba. ase iyo XX saukunis dasawyisSi, rodesac axali Taobis mxatvrebma samarTlianad aRiares, rom firosmani erovnul niadagze organulad aRmocenebuli genia iyo. asea XXI saukunis dasawyisSi - axlaxan ganxorcielebuli proeqti „ipove Seni firosmani“ niko firosmanaSvilis Semoqmedebis axlebur xedvas moicavs da nawilobriv Tbilisuri modernizmis xiblis gadmocemis mcdelobasac moiazrebs. „ipove Seni firosmani“ (xorcieldeba „samxreT kavkasiis xelovnebisa da kulturis regionuli programis“ farglebSi, Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentosa da saqarTvelos kulturisa 26

მატარებელში საკითხავი

da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mxardaWeriT) cnobili kuratoris irina popiaSvilisa da samxatvro akademiis magistrantebis kolaboraciuli proeqtia. swored saintereso detalebisa da aqcentebis gaTvaliswinebiT, proeqtis ganxorcielebisas SemuSavda firosmanis tradiciadqceuli Sablonuri ambis axleburi xedva. am etapze proeqtma ori gamofena gaaerTiana: pirveli - galerea „neqtarSi“, realisturi saxelwodebiT „qalaqi, qaTami, lori...“, sadac Tanamedrove qarTvelma mxatvrebma da fotografma naTela grigalaSvilma firosmanis SemoqmedebasTan erTgvari dialogi gamarTes, meore - saxelwodebiT „qarTuli modernizmi“, mirzaanSi, mxatvris saxl-muzeumSi gaixsna da uamravi damTvaliereblis yuradReba miipyro. unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTul modernizms gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis erovnul saganZurSi axleburi xilva adamianis arsebobisa, rodesac asaxvis centri inacvlebs makrokosmosidan mikrokosmosSi. 1910-iani wlebis Semdeg modernizmis talRa mTel Tbiliss faravs: iqmneba qarTvel mxatvarTa sazogadoeba, qarTvel poetTa gaerTianeba „cisferi yanwebi“, romlis lideri poeti grigol robaqiZea. iuri degeni ayalibebs asociacia „abjars“, gaerTianebas „Цех поэтов“, poeti tatiana veCorka qmnis jgufs „alfa-liras“, ilia zdaneviCi, kruConixi, terentevi ayalibeben „futuristTa sindikats“, romelSic Sedian mxatvrebi: kirile zdaneviCi, lado gudiaSvili, ziga valiSevski, poetebi nikoloz Cerniavski da yara-darviSi...

mirzaanis gamofena Tbilisuri modernizmis xiblis gadmocemis erTgvari mcdeloba gaxlavT da sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT aris nacadi. aq naxavdiT qarTuli modernizmis ramdenime nimuSs. kerZod, 1910-30 wlebSi saqarTveloSi moqmedi TeatrebisTvis Seqmnili grafikuli namuSevrebis fotoaslebs mxatvrebisa: daviT kakabaZe, petre ocxeli, irakli gamrekeli, sergo qobulaZe, dimitri SevardnaZe, lado gudiaSvili, elene axvlediani da kirile zdaneviCi. warmodgenili avtorebis nawilma, evropidan Tu ruseTidan dabrunebulebma, im droisaTvis arsebuli

Tematika da xatvis teqnika TbilisSi Camoitanes. iyvnen iseTebic, romlebmac moaxerxes XX saukunis qarTuli mxatvrobis integracia dasavleTTan maSin, roca integraciis aranairi saSualeba ar arsebobda. aseTi iyo petre ocxeli (1907-1937 ww.) modernisti mxatvari, ara mxolod realobis gamomsaxveli, aramed misi Semqmnelic. mxatvris persona farTo sazogadoebisTvis legendaruli gaxda im grafikuli siluetebis gamo, romlebic mZafrad gamoxataven misi epoqisa da garemosgan saocrad gansxvavebul energias da individualizms. ocxelis namuSevrebi TviTmyofadobiTa da amavdroulad, monumenturoმატარებელში საკითხავი

27

irakli gamrekeli, „saqmis kaci“, eskizi speqtaklisTvis.

daviT kakabaZe, ialqniani navebi, g. farstaSvilis koleqcia.

biT gamoirCeva. rogorc Teatris mxatvarma, udidesi wvlili Seitana qarTuli scenografiis ganviTarebaSi, da es miuxedavad imisa, rom misi profesiuli kariera mxolod 9 weli gagrZelda. daviT kakabaZe (1889-1952 ww.) is bednieri qarTveli mxatvari iyo, romelic 1919 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam safrangeTSi uaxlesi mxatvruli mimdinareobebis Sesaswavlad gaagzavna. mxatvari kubizmis mimarTulebiT muSaobda, Semdeg ki, modernizmis istoriaSi erT-erTma pirvelma ganaviTara organuli abstraqcia, romliTac yvelaze metad hans arpis 28

მატარებელში საკითხავი

namuSevrebs uaxlovdeba. daviT kakabaZe arasodes yofila dadaistebisa da siurrealistebis gaerTianebis wevri, magram mis gansakuTrebul miRwevad aRiarebulia originaluri kolaJebi, romlebsac sul raRac 12 wliT adre pikasom miagno.

1926 wels amerikeli koleqcioneri, mxatvari avangardisti qeTrin draieri safrangeTsa da germanias stumrobs. amerikaSi warsadgenad is novatoruli xelovnebis nimuSebs agrovebs. parizSi draieri kakabaZis namuSevrebs awydeba. ase xvdeba daviT kakabaZis namuSevrebi bruklinis saerTaSoriso gamofenaze, Semdeg niu iorkSi, ielis universitetis samxatvro galereis koleqciaSi. ielSi modernuli xelovnebis umdidresi koleqciaa warmodgenili. 1020 nimuSidan, umravlesoba 1920-iani wlebis avangarduli xelovnebis Sedevrebia: mondrianis, gabos, kandinskis, duSanis, men reis, brankusis, maleviCis. maTTan erTad aris warmodgenili kakabaZis skulptura „Z, gangmiruli Tevzi“ da misive 16 akvareli.

elene axvlediani, a. afinogenovi, „SiSi“, dekoracia, Tbilisi, saxelmwifo dramis Teatri k. marjaniSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT, 1932.

gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi parizSi qarTvel mxatvarTa mcire kolonia iqmneba. daviT kakabaZis garda, parizSi imyofebodnen Salva qiqoZe, elene axvlediani, qeTevan maRalaSvili, lado gudiaSvili. am ukanasknelma parizuli gemovnebis macdunebel mravalferovnebaSic srulad SeinarCuna erovnuli Taviseburebani. lado gudiaSvilisTvis (1896-1980 ww.) miuRebeli iyo abstraqcionizmis sxvadasxva saxeebi, kubizmi, magram mas imTaviTve hqonda midrekileba dekoraciulobisa da maxvili eqspresiulobisadmi. misi namuSevrebi SeiZines madridis „prados“ muzeum-

petre ocxeli. „otelo“, 1933, Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis muzeumi, Tbilisi.

ma, parizis galereebma, evropelma da amerikelma kerZo koleqcionerebma.

1916 wels gudiaSvilma daaarsa „qarTvel xelovanTa sazogadoeba“, imave wels Sexvda niko firosmanaSvils da sazogadoebisgan gagzavnili fuladi daxmareba gadasca. siRaribis zRvarze mcxovrebi firosmani im droisaTvis Tbilisel meduqneebTan da mikitnebTan მატარებელში საკითხავი

29

dimitri ermakovi, fotoebi.

afarebda Tavs, maTi SekveTiT xatavda abrebs, portretebs... amitom firosmanis Tematikas garkveuli kvali daamCnia im socialurma garemom, romelSic uxdeboda cxovreba. mis mxatvrul memkvidreobaSi didi adgili uWiravs qeifis scenebs, romelic Tbiliseli vaWar-xelosnebisa da Tavadebis jgufur portretebs warmoadgens.

1917-19 wlebSi lado gudiaSvilmac Seqmna Tbilisisadmi miZRvnili cikli, romlis mTavari personaJe30

მატარებელში საკითხავი

bi kintoebi da yaraCoxelebi iyvnen. monawileobda „cisferyanwelTa“ sayvareli kafe „qimerionis“ moxatvaSi, sadac mudmivad imarTeboda literaturuli Sexvedrebi, patara scenaze ki im drois gamoCenili momReral-mocekvaveebi gamodiodnen. amave periodSi ixsneba da ixateba artistuli Tbilisuri kafeebi: „fantastikuri samikitno“, „argonavtTa navi“, „farSevangis kudi“, sasadilo „imedi“, „internacionali“, Teatr-kabare „lurji gombeSo“, „Zmuri nugeSi“, „Wiqa Cai“, „qarTuli klubi“. aq xvdebodnen erTmaneTs sim-

bolistebi, akmeistebi, futuristebi, dadaistebi, kubistebi, kubofuturistebi, zaumnikebi da sxvani. modernizmis xanis istorikosebi akonkreteben, rom arsebobs mkveTrad gamoxatuli kavSiri kulturul procesebsa da urbanuli garemos cvlilebebs Soris. imdroindeli Tbilisic gamoxatavda saxelmwifo sistemisa da sazogadoebis cvlilebebs. qalaqi, Tavisi axali urbanuli motivebiT, sxvadasxva arqiteqturul stilTa naerTiT, klasicizmiTa da moderniT sunTqavda.

Tumca, mainc yvelaze gamorCeuli maxasiaTeblebi Tbilisis viwro, mokirwylul quCebze gadmokidebuli xis aivnebi, alag-alag SemorCenili baniani saxlebi, ornamentirebuli sadarbazoebi da mravalojaxiani Sida ezoebi iyo. ezo socialuri kontaqtebis sivrces warmoadgenda. swored am sivrceSi izrdeboda Zveli Tbiliseli. aseTi ezoebis erToba ayalibebda ubnebs, romelic sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianebs intensiur komunikaciaSi amyofebda.

Tbilisis eTnikuri ubnebisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis gancdas axlac SegiZliaT eziaroT sololakisken, abanoTubanSi, isanSi, avlabarSi, orTaWalaSi da Tundac, aRmaSeneblis gamzirisaken, sadac germanelebi cxovrobdnen. imas, rom saqarTvelo samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi, ruseTsa da mTels kavkasiaSi marTlac avangardis centri iyo, mowmobs Tbilisuri avangardis mravalnacionaluroba. magaliTad, imdroindel kafe „fantastikur samikitnoSi“ nawarmoebebi ikiTxeba ara mxolod sxvadasxva mimdinareobis warmomadgenelTa mier, aramed sxvadasxva enazec ki. gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT Tbilisis Zveli ubnebisadmi miZRvnili peizaJebi kolarosis akademiadamTavrebul mxatvars elene axvledians (1901-1975 ww.) ekuTvnis. misi qalaquri da soflis peizaJebi TvalSisacemi emociurobiT, romantikulobiT, dasamaxsovrebeli feradovnebiT, xandaxan - dekoratiulobiTa da kompoziciis agebis simaxviliT gamoirCeva. elene ax-

vledianis saxeli ukavSirdeba Teatris mxatvrobas.

1930-ian wlebSi, ucxoeTidan dabrunebul mxatvars cenzuris meTvalyureoba dauwesda. xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi man 20-ze meti speqtakli gaaforma. kostiumebis mxatvrad kinoSic moRvaweobda. mirzaanis gamofenaze „qarTuli modernizmi“, qarTveli modernistebis mier Seqmnili futuristuli da dadaisturi gamocemebis garda, SesaZlebeli iyo im epoqis amsaxveli fotomasalis daTvaliereba, romelic dimitri ermakovis koleqciidan SeirCa. SegaxsenebT, rom es gamofena niu iorkSi, 2009 wels, keisi kaplanis galereaSi, Sveicariel kurator daniel baumanis da qarTveli kolegebis - nana yifianis, mzia CixraZisa da Tea tabataZis mier organizebuli gamofenis „fantastikuri samikitno - Tbilisuri avangardis“ mier redaqtirebul versias warmoadgenda. dimitri ermakovis, saqarTveloSi fotografiis ganviTarebis erT-erTi pioneris fotokoleqcia Tbilisis simon janaSias saxelobisa da xelovnebis muzeumebSia daculi. ermakovma, praqtikulad pirvelma Seqmna imdroindeli Tbilisis fotomatiane. eTnografiuli tipaJebisa da geografiuli adgilebis dafiqsirebis mizniT, fotografi bevrs mogzaurobda kavkasiaSi, TurqeTSi, iranSi, Sua aziis qveynebsa da ruseTSi. jer isev mimdinare proeqtis „ipove Seni firosmanis“ farglebSi igegmeba Tanamedrove qarTveli mxatvrebis vorkSopic, romelsac fermwerebi mirzaansa da mis mimdebare soflebis - arboSikis, zemo maCxaanisa da gamarjvebis skolis moswavleebTan Caatareben. vorkSopis dros Seqmnili namuSevrebidan ramdenime SeirCeva da mesame gamofenis saxiT, Tanamedrove artistebisa da qarTveli modernistebis gverdiT, kvlav mirzaanis muzeumSi, yovelwliur tradiciad qceul dResaswaulze - firosmanobaze gamoifineba. firosmanis saxl-muzeumis stumrebs saSualeba eqnebaT, gamofenasTan erTad mudmiv eqspoziciaSi arsebuli mxatvris 14 ferweruli namuSevari ixilon. მატარებელში საკითხავი

31

„მთვარის

მუზეუმი თბილისში“ avtori: maka bibilaSvili

ormocdaoTxi welia ukve, rac eqvsi cnobili mxatvris: endi uorholis, robert rauSenbergis, devid novrosis, jon Cemberlenis, klaus oldenburgisa da forest maiersis namuSevrebi, Cipze ganTavsebuli, dedamiwidan aTasobiT kilometris daSorebiT, mTvareze ganagrZoben arsebobas. mas Semdeg, rac 1969 wlis Semodgomaze, „apolo 12“-ma da amerikelma astronavtma nil armstrongma mTvareze pirveli daSveba ganaxorciela, `nasam“ iniciativiT mimarTa mxatvrebs, rom am warmatebuli misiidan gamomdinare, namuSevrebi SeeqmnaT. ase gaCnda `mTvaris muzeumi“. „eqvsi didi mxatvris Sekreba da erTad, mTvareze, patara muzeumis Seqmna Cemi idea iyo. es Zalian didi 32

მატარებელში საკითხავი

ram iyo xelovanisaTvis... Cven gavcdiT planetas“, ambobs forest maiersi. teqnologiuri Carevis Sedegad, namuSevrebis masStabebi daapataraves da mcire zomis keramikul Cipze ganaTavses. „grumanis“ inJinrebis daxmarebiT, erT-erTi Cipi „apolo 12“-is „lem6”-is kosmosuri xomaldis modulSi moaTavses da mTvareze gaamgzavres. xomaldi mTvareze 1969 wlis 19 noembers dafrinda.

TbilisSi `mTvaris muzeumis“ mowyobis idea 2013 wlis gazafxulze, mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac Tbiliss kuratori da bob rauSenbergis galereis direqtori jeid delingeri ewvia. `mTvaris muzeumis“ katalogSi proeqtis kuratori, ekaterine kurtaniZe wers: `jeid delingeri pirvelad saqarTveloSi jon keijis iubilesadmi miZRvnili proeqtis prezentaciisTvis Camovida. mas ar hqonda didi informacia am qveynisa da miT umetes, qarTveli mxatvrebis Ses-

reklama 6

მატარებელში საკითხავი

33

axeb, magram qarTvel mxatvrebTan ramdenimedRiani urTierToba sakmarisi gaxda axali proeqtis gaazrebisTvis.“ `mTvaris muzeumi“ saqarTvelos erovnul galereaSi 19 noembers gaixsna. eqspoziciaze pirvelad iyo warmodgenili `apolo 12“-is artefaqtebi: modulis folga, sadac Cipi iyo moTavsebuli, am folgis metalisgan damzadebuli monetebi da Tanamedrove mxatvrebis: konstantine mindaZis, roko iremaSvilis, manuCar oqroscvariZis, on kavarasa da riCard seras mier specialurad am movlenisadmi Seqmnili namuSevrebi. roko iremaSvilis namuSevrebi lokalur, globalur socialur da politikur problematikas exeba.

ZiriTadi mimarTuleba ferweraa, Tumca bolo periodSi xSirad gvxvdeba mis mier Sesrulebuli skulpturuli Tu videonamuSevrebi. iremaSvilis Seqmnili astronavtebis portretebi ori xasiaTis matarebelia: erTi mxriv, axalgazrda da bednieri, da meore mxriv - ukve xanSi Sesuli da tragikuli.

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მატარებელში საკითხავი

`mTvaris muzeumis“ katalogSi roko iremaSvili wers: `Cemda gasakvirad, yoveli maTi foto internet-sivrceSi `holivudis RimiliT“ „damSvenebuli“ gvxvdeboda da absoluturad ugulvebelyofili iyo maTi pirovnuli Tu fiziologiuri simtkice. astronavtebis wardgena mxolod fasaduri gaxldaT da farTo publikisTvis Jurnalis ydebidan zedapirulad qveyndeboda. amis erTgvari gaSarJebis mcdelobasTan erTad, cxovrebis bolo etapze maT daRlil personebs xelSi davaWerine sakuTari im periodis saxe, romlisTvisac manamde mTeli cxovreba emzadebodnen, ramac maTi Semdgomi cxovreba ganapiroba, da romelic maTi cxovrebis albaT yvelaze mniSvnelovani momenti unda yofiliyo.“ manuCar oqroscvariZe 1990-iani wlebis bolos artscenaze gamosul mxatvarTa Soris erT-erTi saintereso warmomadgenelia. igi aqtiurad muSaobs ferweraSi, grafikaSi, skulpturaSi, gamoyenebiTi xelovnebasa da dizainSi.

manuCar oqroscvariZe, mxatvari: `adamianis kosmosSi gasvlam axali esTetika Semoitana xelovnebaSi da axali inspiraciebis wyaro gaxda. me-20 saukuneSi samyaros arsebobis manZilze pirvelad gaxda SesaZlebeli, adamianis mier Seqmnili xelovnuri obieqti gascdenoda gravitaciis vels da gasuliyo kosmosSi. uamravma obieqtma, romlis Seqmnasac kacobriobis uzarmazari Zalisxmeva dasWirda, dakarga Tavisi praqtikuli daniSnuleba da Sewyvita racionaluri arseboba. is Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba Ria kosmosSi da kosmosur `nagvad“ iqceva. am momentis dramatizmi da esTetika Cemi namuSevris Temad iqca.“ (`mTvaris muzeumis“ katalogi). konstantine mindaZis arti minimalizmTan da konceptualizmTan asocirdeba. muSaobs sxvadasxva mediebSi: instalacia, skulptura, ferwera, grafika, fotografia, audio da videoarti. monawileoba aqvs miRebuli mraval internacionalur jgufur gamofenebSi da araerTi personaluri proeqtis avtoria saqarTveloSi, evropasa da aSS-Si. `mTvaris muzeumis“ proeqtisTvis konstantine mindaZem oTxi namuSevari

warmoadgina: `drois, sivrcisa da TariRis gareSe“ (2D), `Savi sfero“, `daSla“ da `neonis data“. rodis da saidan gaCnda TbilisSi `mTvaris muzeumis“ mowyobis idea?

konstantine mindaZe, multidisciplinaruli vizual-artisti: `kuratori jeid delingeri jon keijis saRamoze gavicani. davilaparakeT. dagviaxlovda. TviTon SemomTavaza, ras fiqrob `mTvaris muzeumzeo“. CemSi multidisciplina da instalaciebi moewona, rokoSi - ferwera, manuCarTan - grafika. miuxedavad imisa, rom samive mxatvari ganvsxvavdebiT erTmaneTisgan, jeidi ambos, rom erTianobas qmniTo. riCard seras da on kavaras namuSevrebiT kidev ufro SevavseT `mTvaris muzeumi“ da misi idea.

Tqvens namuSevrebze mogviyeviT. me ufro drois Temas vexebi, manuCari - gravitaciisa da simZimis Temebs, rokom is kosmonavtebi daxata `holivudis RimiliT“, vinc mTvareze gafrindnen.

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lia. axlodan is mitovebul, Camqral varskvlavs, an planetas hgavs. mesame - `daSla“, Rrmad mowesrigebuli qaosia. es Cemi Zveli seriis gagrZelebaa. meoTxe iyo `neonis data“ - Nov 19 1969. saqarTvelos garda, es proeqti sxva qveyanaSi Tu ganxorcielebula, an ganxorcieldeba?

Cems namuSevarSi, `drois, sivrcisa da TariRis gareSe“, mindoda drois momenti gameqro, dRevandeli dRe yofiliyo – `yoveli dRe“. masze unda damewera now (axla), an Today (dRes). davawere Today. meore – `Savi sfero“ gaCerebuli droa, vardnis momentia. uwonadobaSi misi gamofena rom SemeZlos, Cemi saukeTeso namuSevari iqneboda. magram es jer SeuZlebe-

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მატარებელში საკითხავი

Moon Museum (Cipis saxiT) MOMA-sa (Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumi) da parizSic iyo gamofenili. magram am Temis ase ganvrcoba pirvelad moxda. axla jeid delingeri bob rauSenbergis galereaSi ioko onos gamofenas akeTebs. gazafxulisTvis unda, rom Cveni `mTvaris muzeumi“ rauSenbergis galereasa da MOMA-Si gamoifinos da msoflio turi movawyoT. aris interesi parizidanac. iyo laparaki tretiakovis galereaSi gamofenis mowyobaze, magram ar movindomeT.“ `mTvareze mogzauroba“ TbilisSi 10 dekembers dasrulda. proeqtis mxardamWerebi iyvnen: aSS-s saelCo, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi da Jurnali National Geographic saqarTvelo.

HOTEL BATUMI WORLD PALACE www.batumiworldpalace.com info@batumiworldpalace.com Tel: +995 422 22 57 90 Melashvili Street № 1/3. BATUMI მატარებელში საკითხავი

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qali saqarTvelodan hainrih biolis fondis samxreT kavkasiis regionaluri biuro warmogidgenT qarTvel da ucxoel qalebs, romlebmac saqarTvelo Secvales.

proeqtis xelmZRvaneli: hainrih biolis genderis programis koordinatori xaTuna samniZe. proeqtze muSaobdnen mkvlevrebi: lela gafrindaSvili, TaTa cofuraSvili, TamTa melaSvili, TamTa TaTaraSvili, Sorena gabunia, eka aRdgomelaSvili, eka wereTeli, eka fircxalava, irakli xvadagiani, qristine darCia.

(II nawili)

ema lalaeva-ediberiZe 1904-1991 ww. mxatvari sis bavSvobidan xelovnebam gaitaca da 1921 wels ukve Tbili i swavla wlebS saxelmwifo samxatvro saxelosnoSi swavlobda. 1924-28 . tetze fakul gaagrZela Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis grafikis yvela is 1930-iani wlebidan Zalebi scada mxatvrobis TiTqm rTa dargSi. fsevdonimad saxeli „lali“ airCia. 1945 wels mxatva maleve gamo, kavSirSi miiRes, magram represirebuli meuRlis dasavluri samudamod garicxes. mis SemoqmedebaSi cxadad SeiniSneba esi. inter i modernistuli mimdinareobebisadmi gamZafrebul ia. lali Tavisi drois erT-erTi yvelaze memarcxene artist magram as, mimarTavs TiTqmis yvela avangardistul mimdinareob ri xelwera arcerT maTgans ar iyenebs sufTa saxiT - axerxebs sakuTa pirveli misi .

Seqmnas. sicocxleSi personaluri gamofena ar hqonia gamofena mxolod 2001 wels moewyo TbilisSi.

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qeTevan maRalaSvili 1894-1973 ww. mxatvari bavSvobidan eufleboda xatvas - jer TbilisSi, Semdeg moskovSi. 1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg, TbilisSi dabrunda da muSaoba daiwyo axladdaarsebul erovnul galereaSi, romlis xelmZRvanelma, dimitri SevardnaZem didi roli iTamaSa qeTevanis mxatvrad CamoyalibebaSi. 1923 wels is SeuerTda qarTveli mxatvrebis jgufs, romlebic parizSi cxovrobdnen. qeTevani Tavis xelovnebas kolarosis akademiaSi srulyofda. 1926-1937 wlebSi, TbilisSi restavratorad muSaobda. misi Semoqmedebis umTavres nawils Seadgens mravali gamoCenili qarTveli sazogado moRvawisa Tu xelovanis portretebi. maT sruliad gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravT qarTul ferweraSi. qeTevan maRalaSvili pirvel qarTvel portretist qalad miiCneva. foto: g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi

rene Smerlingi 1901-1967 ww. xelovnebaTmcodne

rebaTa qarTuli xelovnebis gamoCenili mkvlevari, istoriis mecnie li qarTu bis saxelo s Svili Cubina i doqtori. dRevandeli „giorg centris” xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli ebi Sua naSrom i erT-erTi damaarsebeli. Seqmnili aqvs fuZemdeblur dekoris, ruli moZRv xuroT da saukuneebis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebisa uli mxatvr wignis eri xelnaw febis, relie da Zveli qarTuli qandakebisa da ebs sakiTx is grafi paleo li qarTu da ikvlev b. morTulobis Sesaxe naSromebi qarTul xelovnebas. gamoqveynebuli aqvs agreTve popularuli b.

Sesaxe is Zegleb ruli moZRv – gzamkvlevebi Zveli qarTuli xuroT i lebul Sesru xeliT misive ebda amSven evaSi mis naSromebs xSir SemTxv Tu a ntebis orname nebis xelov i Wedur es da naxatebi - iqnebo bs xelnawerTa mxatvruli morTulobis aslebi. Smerlingis Srome il miZRvn dmi nebisa xelov li mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs qarTu jer dros im ureba damsax misi sia udide samecniero literaturaSi. da kidev gamoukvleveli da Seuswavleli qarTuli xelovnebisa xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebis Seswavlis saqmeSi.

is istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri foto: giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovneb

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ana kalandaZe 1924-2008 ww. poeti 1946 wels warmateba mohyva mis pirvelsave poetur publikacias wlis gazeTSi `literatura da xelovneba“. imave wels gaimarTa 22 i anas wreebS lo samwer rac , saRamo s kiTxvi is ana kalandaZis leqseb ri poetu i sayovelTao aRiarebiT dagvirgvinda. Tumca, misi pirvel ebeli.

SesaZl krebulis gamocema mxolod 1953 wels gaxda mas warmatebasTan erTad, mis gamoCenas kritikac ar dahklebia. misad, Sesaba nen. amxeld obaSi” tikur apoli da basa „formalizmSi, uideo mi Semdgo . moxvda pirvel krebulSi, cenzuris gamo, mravali leqsi ver i leqseb misi i. wlebS 1976 poeturi krebulebi gamoica 1957, 1960, 1967, miuxedavad Targmnilia rusul, inglisur, frangul, polonur enebze. bis aRiare o saxalx saerTo xa moaxer d swrafa sirTuleebisa, man a. simRer i mraval a daiwer ze leqseb mis ba, mopove arul ana kalandaZe dRemde me-20 saukunis erT-erT yvelaze popul ion galakt da velis rusTa SoTa aqvs li qarTvel poetad rCeba. miRebu li Setani Si atura liter l qarTu poets wels, 2006 tabiZis premiebi. gadaeca. gansakuTrebuli wvlilisTvis, literaturuli premia `saba“ foto ojaxis arqividan

irina Stenbergi 1904-1985 ww. mxatvari ovda ganaTleba TbilisSi miiRo. 1920-iani wlebis bolodan ki dauaxl i veloS saqarT eba brund dan wlebi ni rusul samxatvro elitas. 1930-ia a sabWoT Tumca ebTan, Teatr bas romlo da iwyebs aqtiur TanamS sajarod xelisuflebis diqtatis pirobebSi iZulebulia, daTmos da oba“. aziul moinanios Tavisi adreuli Semoqmedebis `burJu libebaSi. mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa qarTuli scenografiis Camoya ad nakleb ri. mxatva is Teatr c rogor aT, gaxld i ZiriTadad, cnobil rgis popularuli iyo misi dazguri mxatvroba, Tumca Stenbe i, Semoqmedebis ganmsazRvreli umTavresi stilisturi niSneb ul grafik da rulsa ferwe d swore TviTmyofadoba, gacilebiT ukeT li gadasu zRvar i, ucnaur buli, gajere zmiT eroti eba. namuSevrebSi vlind nis moder moergo fantazia da masTan Sezavebuli msubuqi ironia, kargad Seqmna. stilis natif esTetikas da misi mxatvrobis ganumeorebloba si mxolod intere li xelaxa admi edebis Stenbergis miviwyebuli Semoqm . gaCnda ls me-20 saukunis miwuru foto ojaxis arqividan

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მატარებელში საკითხავი

safo gigineiSvili-mgelaZe 1894-1936 ww. mwerali safo qarTuli presis furclebze Tavis pirvel publikaciebs aqveynebda, fsevdonimebiT: `guruli qali“, `ewereli qali“, `muSa qali“, `sani“. gazeTebidan mas yvelaze xSirad maspinZlobdnen: `kavkasioni“, `Cveni gza“, `tribuna“, `komunisti“, `xma qarTveli qalisa“; Jurnalebidan: `literaturuli saqarTvelo“, `proletaruli mwerloba“, `lomisi“, `qarTuli mwerloba“, `mnaTobi“. safo mgelaZe megobrobda terenti granelTan, alio maSaSvilTan, lado asaTianTan, marijanTan, daria axvledianTan, ana RviniaSvilTan, magram kato miqelaZe misi cxovrebis ganuyreli Tanamgzavri iyo, radgan swored man aziara qalis Tavisuflebis, Tanasworobis ideebs da asparezi dauTmo gazeTSi `xma qarTveli qalisa“.

1928-1935 wlebSi gamoqveynda safo mgelaZis romanebi: `liana lordia“, `qariSxlis frTebze“, `gza da gza“, moTxrobebi da leqsebi. foto: saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi

tata (tatiana) TvalWreliZe 1940-1992 ww. kinomcodne utis daamTavra SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatraluri instit iis akadem a rebaT mecnie rsfsr da .)

(1963w Teatrmcodneobis fakulteti daicva vi). (mosko ntura aspira utis instit obis xelovnebaTmcodne ”. sakandidato disertacia Temaze „msaxiobi qarTul kinoSi universitetSi wifo saxelm sis 1972 wlidan sicocxlis bolomde Tbili , erTad nTan qvaria Tamaz sadac a, pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweod ri sakuTa aliba.

Camoay ti kulte kinofa sSi korpu e meeqvs universitetis dros, im teti, ukompromisobis wyalobiT, moaxerxa da es fakul s oazisad aqcia. kulturaSi gamefebuli koniunqturis fonze, Tavisuflebi enisa da kinos aseve Si sitet univer em 1987 wels tata TvalWreliZ sac romel a, daaars a atori labor i vleviT iero-k struqturis samecn ebi weril kuli sicocxlis bolomde xelmZRvanelobda. misi kriti ogizebuli yovelTvis damoukidebeli iyo im dros gabatonebuli ideol ikas polem reso sainte a iwvevd ad koniunqturisgan da mudmiv kinoxelovanTa Soris. afiis saxelmwifo muzeumi foto: saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreogr

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mariam gariyuli (TaTeSvili) 1883-1960 ww. mwerali, msaxiobi rusul axalgazrdobidanve safuZvlianad eufleboda mSobliur da farul oda eswreb baSi. aqtivo iv doebr literaturas, Cabmuli iyo sazoga l qarTu li gariyu mariam Ziebam Tavis ri sakuTa i Sekrebebs. sazogadoebaS Si. quTais da TeatrSi miiyvana. samsaxiobo moRvaweobas eweoda Tbilissa `gariyuli“.

Teatridan wamosvlis Semdeg literaturul fsevdonimad airCia biT waqeze misive da biT vanelo lado mesxiSvilis uSualo xelmZR . iwyebs gaxalisebuli, literaturul saqmianobaSic mosinjavs Zalebs wers sakuTar Tebas, gadake ad pieseb s oebebi nawarm ilis ninoSv ilias, akakis, eskizebs, mcire moculobis moTxrobebs. „sardafSi”.

1912 wels, „saqarTvelos moambeSi” daibeWda misi moTxroba i daweril wlebS n 1930-ia eweva. eobas moRvaw lo mas Semdeg aqtiur samwer ze nawarmoebTagan, gamorCeulia romani „anarekli”. wlebis manZil eynebuli TanamSromlobda sabavSvo Jurnal-gazeTebTanac. aseve gamoqv is mwerl ic romel gza“, ili „ganvl aqvs memuaruli Janris nawarmoebi moicavs. ets portr l aturu liter reso sainte araerT cxovrebasTan erTad, foto: g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi

nato vaCnaZe 1904-1953 ww. msaxiobi

fotoatelies 1923 wels, 19 wlis asakSi misi foto SemTxveviT SeamCnies maleve amas “. vitrinaSi da gadasaRebad miiwvies filmSi „arsena yaCaRi ar gaevlo, as dileb STabeW mohyva „mamis mkvleli“. jer kidev pirvel Zlier sicocxle“ „sami bSi filme miiRo a avazeb rom natom kidev ori rolis SemoT saqme“. da „tariel mklavaZis natos momentaluri warmateba, mimzidveli garegnobis garda, avda, rom misma bunebrivobam ganapiroba. vaCnaZis Sesaxeb presa aRniSn ar natos vebiT, gansxva avisgan sazRvargareTis bevri kinovarskvl da mkacri Zunwi i Jesteb misi a. nurob xelov da axasiaTebda lamazi pozebi Si. moment yvela ebis mwuxar Tu lisa iyo, sixaru i „vin oTxi filmis Semdeg nato miiwvies aleqsandre wuwunavas filmS aqcia. avad rskvl kinova el qarTv aris damnaSave?“. am rolma is pirvel b nikoloz aseve imuSava kote marjaniSvilTan da maSin jer kidev damwye SengelaiasTan, romelic misi meuRle gaxda. rebi: 1930-ian wlebSi nato vaCnaZes kvlav iRebdnen sxvadasxva reJiso aia.

Sengel oz nikol vili, pipinaS oz mixeil Wiaureli, siko doliZe, nikol „akakis i filmS vilis pipinaS n. da gamoCn Semdeg pauzis 1947 wels, xangrZlivi akvani“ - akakis ZiZis, manos rolSi. afiis saxelmwifo muzeumi foto: saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreogr

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მატარებელში საკითხავი

elisabed (liziko) qavTaraZe 1905-1988 ww. mwerali, disidenti daibada cnobili social-federalistis da Tbilisis arqivis gamgis, qaixosro qavTaraZis ojaxSi. 1922 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiul fakultetze Cairicxa da gawevrianda axalgazrda marqsistTa organizaciaSi, romelic ukve iatakqveSeTSi iyo gadasuli.

1928 wels, soxumSi, daapatimres - antisabWoTa saqmianobis braldebiT. jer metexis cixeSi Casves, 1929 wels ki ruseTSi, tomskis olqSi gadaasaxles.

TbilisSi 1936 wels dabrunda, magram 1940 wels kvlav daapatimres da yazaxeTSi, alJiris (Акмолинский лагерь жён изменников Родины) banakSi gadaasaxles. gadasaxlebaSi sul 28 weli gaatara. mxolod 1956 wels dabrunda samSobloSi da reabilitacia Seexo. 1987 wels airCies „ilia WavWavaZis sazogadoebis“ gamgeobis wevrad. man aRzarda da didi gavlena moaxdina 1980-iani wlebis erovnuli moZraobis araerT mniSvnelovan figuraze. avtoria Txzulebebisa: „aracodniTa erTiTa”, „ybaaxveuli qali“, „naadrevi ocneba“, „ratom Cvens daukiTxavad“, „bebos baraTi“, „umisamarTo baraTi“ da sxv. foto: `fondi tasos~ arqivi

mako safarova 1860-1940 ww. msaxiobi 1879 misi warmatebuli debiuti 1878 wels, molieris piesaSi Sedga, Tes gaumar wels imave gaxda. wevri wels ki pirveli mudmivmoqmedi dasis idan karier aluri Teatr ebuli warmat pirveli benefisi. safarovas („SeSlili“), gamorCeulia Semdegi rolebi: faixoSi („samSoblo“), neli („cimbireli“), gogo glexis gogo liza („rac ginaxavs - veRar naxav“), maSua efemia ala“), („xaTab ia natal klodina, tuaneta (molieris komediebi), ris (Seqspi mona dezde lia, kordi a, ofeli “), („pepo“), luiza („ori oboli sxva. da i“) oTaxS („bnel gogo ieli gimnaz Si“), („baiyu o tragediebi), Talik maTi es. abaSiZ vaso bs, mako colad gahyva imave dasis wevrs, cnobil msaxio gaxda. bi msaxio i Svili, taso abaSiZe SemdgomSi aseve cnobil e 1912 wlis ianvarSi makos sasceno moRvaweobis 30 wlis iubil ul dadgm mier is iSvil marjan kote s, ianvar 2 wlis gadauxades. 1923 ukanasknelad speqtaklSi „mzis dabneleba saqarTveloSi“ (z. antonovi) igi e. scenaz is gamovida rusTavelis dramatuli Teatr afiis saxelmwifo muzeumi foto: saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreogr

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persona

nani bregvaZis pirveli musikaluri albomi avtori: maka bibilaSvili

nani bregvaZis pirveli qarTuli solo-albomi `bravo reqordsis“ studiaSi Caiwera. albomis prezentacia qalbaton nanis koncertis fonze, mTawmindaze, funikulioris restoranSi oqtombris TveSi Sedga. saRamos maspinZeli `Ti bi si banki“ iyo. koncertze nani bregvaZem axali albomidan eqvsi simRera Seasrula. koncertis bolos yvela stumars saCuqrad nanis albomi gadaeca. misi avtografisTvis grZel rigSi dgoma aravis dazarebia. qalbatoni nani, musikalur albomTan da avtografTan erTad, Tbil sityvebsa da qaTinaurebs guluxvad urigebda msmenelebs, nacnobebsa da megobrebs. prezentaciaze `bravo reqordsis“ prezidentma zaza Sengeliam Tqva, rom albomze muSaobisas nanim saocari Tvisebebi gamoamJRavna. is yvelaze Tavmdabali, mowesrigebuli, punqtualuri da momTmeni iyo. isic daamata, minda misi qceva standarti iyos axali TaobisTviso.

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პერსონა

nani bregvaZis sasceno moRvaweoba 50 welze mets iTvlis. igi farTo msmenelis winaSe pirvelad 1956 wels, moskovSi wardga. sasceno moRvaweoba politeqnikuri institutis saestrado orkestrSi daiwyo. iyo orkestr `rerosa“ da ansambl `oreras“ solisti. nani bregvaZis xma mraval qarTul filmSi JRers. maT Sorisaa: `veris ubnis melodiebi“, `Sexvedra mTaSi“, `daTa TuTaSxia“, `sabudareli Wabuki“, `gangaSi“ da sxva. axalgazrdobaSi nani msaxiobobaze ocnebobda, iTamaSa kidec or filmSi - `samkauli satrfosaTvis“ da `mefunTuSe“. nani bregvaZis pirvel qarTul solo-alboms, misive sityvebi aqvs darTuli: `TiToeuli adamianis cxovreba inaxavs misTvis Zvirfas mogonebebs. CemTvis aseTi mogonebebi im niWier da saintereso adamianebs ukavSirdeba, romlebTan megobrobiTa da urTierTobiT, cxovrebam Zalian gamanebivra. me mergo udidesi bedniereba da pativi, meTanamSromla Cveni epoqis saukeTeso xelovanebTan. maTi daxvewili Semoqmedeba Sesrulebis Sesabamis xarisxs

moiTxovda, rasac Zalian didi pasuxismgeblobiT vekidebi dResac. gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac maT mier CemTvis Seqmnil simRerebs vasruleb. wlebis Semdegac, vcdilob Cemi repertuaris xelaxal gaazrebas da gancdilis axleburad gadmocemas. vTvli, rom mxolod ase SemiZlia madlierebis gamoxatva yvela im adamianis mimarT, vinc Cems cxovrebas da Semoqmedebas mniSvnelovani kvali daatyo da rac mTavaria, Cemi msmenelis mimarT, romelic mudam manebivrebda erTgulebiTa da siyvaruliT.“ albomSi `vixseneb me...“ Tavmoyrilia nani bregvaZis yvela drois saukeTeso qarTuli musikaluri nawarmoebebi, romlebsac axali da Tanamedrove saorkestro JReradoba diriJorma nikoloz raWvelma miusadaga. am Tormet simReras Sorisaa gia yanCelis `is aq aris“, biZina kvernaZis `vardebi ar arian“ da `Tbilisis Rame“, giorgi cabaZis `vardos simRera sakanSi“ da `simRera mTvareze“. vaJa azaraSvils nani bregvaZisTvis 16 simRera aqvs dawerili. aqedan albomSi oria Sesuli: `isev wvims“ da `gzebi“. albomSi aseve Sesulia nanis erT-erTi yvelaze Zveli, ioseb bzvanelis simRera `Cavaqre sanTeli“. am simReriT wardga nani bregvaZe msmenelis winaSe 1957 wels, moskovSi, axalgazrdebisa da studentebis saerTa-

Soriso festivalze, sadac gaimarjva da pirveli adgili ergo. albomSi aseve moismenT revaz laRiZis, marika kvaliaSvilis, giorgi cabaZis, daviT ToraZisa da nugzar vawaZis simRerebs. zaza Sengelias TqmiT, nani bregvaZis musikaluri albomi gansxvavebulia im TvalsazrisiT, rom aq `bravo reqordsis“ mTeli teqnikuri upiratesobebi gamoCnda. zaza Sengelia: „albomSi cocxali orkestris JReradobaa. nika raWvelis aranJirebebi saocaria. qalbatoni nani, vokalis TvalsazrisiT, Zalian karg formaSi aRmoCnda. albomSi nanis hitad qceuli simRerebia Tavmoyrili. bevri maTgani specialurad misTvis daiwera. mTavari is aris, rom aq am simRerebis sruliad gansxvavebuli versiebia Sesuli, romlebic Tanamedroveobas exmianeba da vfiqrob, rom isini axalgazrda SemsruleblebisTvis saintereso iqneba.“ musikalur alboms darTuli aqvs fotoebi saojaxo arqividan: nani mSoblebTan, ojaxis wevrebTan, naTesavebTan, megobrebTan, ansambl `orerasTan“ erTad da a.S. vis ar naxavT am fotoebSi? maT Soris, msaxiobebs: buba kikabiZesa da ramaz CxikvaZes, nanis ucvlel akompaniator medea gongliaSvils, mxatvar zurab wereTels, kompozitorebs - gia yanCelsa da jansuR kaxiZes, momReral ala pugaCovas, reJisorebs - giorgi danelias, rezo gabriaZesa da eldar riazanovs, operis momRerlebs - paata burWulaZes, zurab sotkilavas da a.S. nani bregvaZis pirveli qarTuli musikaluri albomi Tbilisis kulturuli RonisZiebis centrisa da saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mxardaWeriT Caiwera. proeqtis sponsorebi arian: `Tibisi banki“ da farmacevtuli kompania PSP.

პერსონა

45

aRmoaCine

galaktioni W W W . G A L A K T I O N . G E avtori: maka bibilaSvili foto: giorgi leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumis arqivi

dRe galaktions mivuZRveni. kvlav masze vfiqrob, mis oliaze, ololze, olkinze. sul sxva galaktioni aRmovaCine. ar vicodi, rom poetebis mefobaSi aleqsandre (sandro) SanSiaSvili, ioseb griSaSvili da tician tabiZe ecilebodnen. e.w. Jiuris, konkursSi gamarjvebulad galaktionis leqsi „poezia upirveles yovlisa!“ gamoucxadebia. galaktionis oliasadmi miwerili werilebi wakiTxuli mqonda, magram misma siTboTi da siyvaruliT savse sityvebma kidev erTxel gamiTbo guli. „sxva ёlkin, ra giTxra zRvam? xom kargi amindebia? rogori Sliapa gaqvs, `cepelini“ xom ar gaxuravs Tavze?

Tu sicxeebia, albaT farTokideebiani Sliapa dagWirdeba. Cemi saqmeebi, ёlkin, am maisSi ver ewyoba (saRamo). fuli visesxe. ... olkin! momikiTxe zRva da... momwere `prikliuCeniebi“. (1915 weli. 11 maisi. quTaisi). masalis moculobiT, www.galaktion.ge yvelaze didi veb-gverdia, rac odesme romelime qarTveli avtoris Sesaxeb Seqmnila. aq SegiZliaT srulad naxoT galaktion tabiZis memkvidreoba, misi yvela nawarmoebi: leqsebi, prozauli nawarmoebebi, poemebi, Targmanebi, mimowera, dokumentebi, Canaxatebi, dRiurebi, video da audiomasalebi, memorialuri nivTebi da a.S. veb-gverdze, qronologiurad, wlebis, Tveebisa 46

პერსონა

da dReebis mixedviTaa moTxrobili galaktionis cxovrebis yvela wvrilmani - dawyebuli dabadebisa da fexis adgmis Sesaxeb cnobebidan, vidre gardacvalebamde. galaktionis veb-gverdis Seqmnis idea giorgi leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeums ekuTvnis. rogorc nino goguam gviTxra, proeqti SoTa rusTavelis samecniero fondSi Seitanes da gaimarjves. nino gogua: `zafxulidan ukve intensiurad vmuSaobT. saitze galaktionis Semoqmedebis mTliani fondia Tavmoyrili. am etapze masalebis 80% atvirTulia. viyaviT WyviSSi, davaskanereT is fotoebi da dokumentebi, rac ar gvqonda. masalebis SegrovebaSi aseve dagvexmara erovnuli arqivi, romelmac video, audiomasala da dokumentebi mogvca. qarTuli saitebisTvis inovaciuri ram – galaktionis cxovrebis Taimlaini gavakeTeT, sadac wlebis mixedviT, dabadebidan gardacvalebamde misi cxovrebis mniSvnelovani movlenebia ganTavsebuli. calke gvaqvs `qronikis“ ganyofileba, sadac aseve wlebis mixedviTaa ganTavsebuli cnobebi galaktionis biografiis Sesaxeb. mas darTuli aqvs dokumenturi masalac. calkea avtobiografiisa da dokumentebis ganyofilebebi. esec wlebis mixedviT. aq naxavT seminaria-

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olia okujava da galaktioni, 1913 weli

Si Sesvlis, gardacvalebis, Tambaqos talonis aRebis cnobas da a.S. yvelaze didi, misi nawarmoebebis ganyofilebaa. leqsebic daweris TariRis mixedviTaa ganTavsebuli da avtografebic axlavs. vTqvaT, saZiebel velSi CawereT `meri“. saitis saZiebeli sistemis saSualebiT vipoviT, ramdeni leqsi aqvs dawerili galaktions merize, ramdenjer aqvs misi saxeli naxsenebi leqsebSi, dRiurebsa da statiebSi. rogorc aRmoCnda: meri sam statiaSi aqvs naxsenebi, qronikaSi 15 damTxvevaa am saxelze, leqsebSi – 60.

saboloo jamSi, saitze Tavmoyrilia: literaturis muzeumis xelnawerTa koleqciaSi daculi masalebidan SerCeuli 2000 leqsi, 600 dRiuri, 130 dokumenti, 200 Canaxati, 250 piradi werili, 100 gancxadeba, 500 foto, 50 memorialuri nivTi, 60 ferweruli, grafikuli portreti, ilustracia da a.S.

nino kvirikaZe da galaktioni. soxumi, agvisto, 1949

Semdeg modis: mogonebebi, piradi mimowera, oficialuri werilebi, gancxadebebi. pirad mimoweraSi

saZiebeli ara wlebis, aramed gvarebis mixedviTaa. saitze naxavT aseve galaktionis biblioTekas, misive minawerebiTa da komentarebiT. Canaxatebs, fotoebs, video da audiomasalas, memorialur nivTebs, Targmanebsa da bolos - galaktionis bibliografias da bibliografias galaktionze. maT, visac ainteresebs galaktioni, SeuZliaT bevri saintereso informacia aq iolad moipovon.“

48

პერსონა

W W W .G A LA KTI O N . GE

1891

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1959

5 (17) noemberi, 1891 weli

20 aprili, 1918 weli

quTaisis mazraSi, vanis raionis sofel WyviSSi, maswavleblis ojaxSi daibada galaktion tabiZe.

galaktionma gaanadgura Tavisi arqivi.

13 ianvari, 1922 weli 1900 weli galaktionma dawera pirveli leqsebi: „nangrevis saidumlo“ da „fiqri rionis piras“. aprili, 1910 weli galaktions saaRdgomod ori oriani gamoyva. sasowarkveTilma, Tavisi yvela naweri dawva.

26 aprili, 1910 weli galaktionma xelmZRvanelobasTan konfliqtis gamo seminaria miatova da sofelSi dabrunda.

saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris prezidiumis sxdomaze gamoitanes dadgenileba, ioseb griSaSvilsa da galaktion tabiZes 23 ianvramde daecalaT mweralTa sasaxleSi dakavebuli oTaxebi. dekemberi, 1929 weli olia okujava gadaasaxles Sua aziaSi, uzbekeTSi. ianvari, 1930 weli galaktioni Sua aziaSi gasamgzavreblad emzadeba...

15 oqtomberi, 1940 weli ivlisi, 1910 weli galaktionma skolebis mTavar meTvalyures Tedo Jordanias TxovniT mimarTa, daeniSnaT skolis maswavleblad... dekemberi, 1912 weli galaktionma gaicno quTaisis qalTa ufrosi klasis moswavle olia stefanes asuli okujava.

23 agvisto, 1916 weli galaktionma da olia okujavam iqorwines.

25 ivnisi, 1918 weli galaktionma daamTavra Siniavskis sareJisoro kursebi. dadga ostrovskis piesa „tye“. ocnebobda sakuTari Teatris Seqmnaze. 25 ivniss Sexvda stalins da ivlisis dasawyisSi gaxda komunisturi patriis wevri.

stalinis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi gaimarTa galaktionis Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnili Ria kreba. oqtomberi, 1932 weli olia okujava dabrunda gadasaxlebidan.

4 ivlisi, 1933 weli gamoqveynda saqarTvelos centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis dadgenileba: „saqarTvelos centraluri aRmasrulebeli komiteti, iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi poet galaktion tabiZis nayofier samwerlo-saliteraturo moRvaweobas ocdaxuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, riTac man saTanado samsaxuri gauwia socializmis mSeneblobas, adgens: 1. mieniWos poet galaktion tabiZes saqarTvelos saxalxo mwerlis saxelwodeba. პერსონა

49

50 პერსონა ონა

galaktion tabiZe, 1926 weli

W W W .G A LA KTI O N . GE 2. daevalos socuzrunvelyofis komisariats, uzrunvelhyos g. tabiZe personaluri pensiiT. 3. daevalos momaragebis saxalxo komisariats, uzrunvelhyos igi specmomaragebiT. 4. daevalos janmrTelobis komisariats, gagzavnos dasasvenebel kurortze 5. daevalos saxelmwifo gamomcemlobas, gamosces galaktion tabiZis TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli“.

1943 weli galaktionma colad SeirTo nino kvirikaZe.

12 ivlisi - 17 agvisto, 1947 weli galaktioni SovSi isvenebda. SovSi dawera leqsi „qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas“.

20 maisi, 1950 weli galaktionma bolnisSi fexi moitexa.

oqtomberi, 1933 weli saqarTvelos centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomaris, filipe maxaraZis gankargulebiT, galaktions gamoeyo bina komunaluri bankis SenobaSi, krilovis quCaze, #10.

oqtomberi, 1950 weli soxumSi daarsda galaktionis saxelobis damwyeb mweralTa wre.

5 noemberi, 1950 weli - 7 dekemberi, 1950 weli 20 Tebervali, 1935 weli galaktioni, dedis mZime avadmyofobis gamo, sofelSi gaemgzavra.

25 Tebervali, 1935 weli gardaicvala galaktionis deda.

galaktioni maris quCaze, saavadmyofoSi iwva.

9 ianvari, 1959 weli galaktionma monawileoba miiRo saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris V yrilobis muSaobaSi, Tumca ar iqna arCeuli sabWoTa kavSiris mweralTa yrilobis delegatad.

11 noemberi, 1936 weli daapatimres galaktionis meuRle - olRa okujava.

17 marti, 1959 weli

27 agvisto, 1937 weli

galaktioni samkurnalo kombinatis pirveli korpusis meoTxe sarTulidan gadaxta...

galaktioni baqsanis xeobidan ialbuzis mwvervalze, „11 TavSesafarSi“ avida.

23 noemberi, 1940 weli

galaktionis sikvdilis faqtTan dakavSirebiT, aRiZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme. daixura 15 aprils, minaweriT: „moispos“...

Catarda galaktionis saRamo lavrenti berias saxelobis klubSi.

19 marti, 1959 weli

20 ianvari, 1940 weli - 9 Tebervali, 1940 weli

saRamos 6 saaTze, galaktioni mweralTa sasaxleSi miasvenes.

galaktioni mkurnalobda kardiologiis institutSi.

21 marti, 1959 weli 11 seqtemberi, 1941 weli

galaktioni mTawmindis panTeonSi dakrZales.

medvedevos tyeSi, qalaq oriolidan aTiode kilometrSi, daxvrites adgilobriv cixeSi datusaRebuli 157 politikuri patimari. maT Soris - galaktionis meuRle olia okujava. პერსონა

51

„dRevandeli“ Temur CxeiZis marad(axal)i Teatri avtori: lela oCiauri foto: saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro, gela bedianaSvili

mas yovelTvis pirdapir da uSiSrad SeuZlia Tqvas - „ara!“ - rodesac pirovnebam arCevani unda gaakeTos da isic zustad icis, rodis unda Tqvas - „diax“, maSin, rodesac es sazogadoebas, qveyanas, saxelmwifos sWirdeba. icis, ramdenad Zvirfasia adamianisTvis Seulaxavi saxeli da rogor arafers niSnavs sikvdili, rodesac saqme sikeTisTvis brZolas exeba. igi arc bed mdevars emaleba da jalaTebs pirdapir usworebs mzeras, Tundac sadamsjelo skamze jdomisas. mas SeuZlia megobrisTvis - RirsebisTvis Tavi sakuTari

52

პერსონა

nebiT gaswiros da nebismieri mZime tvirTi aikidos qalis iqneba Tu kacis - rodesac sxva aRaravinaa, visac amis gakeTeba SeuZlia. mas ilias kalmis maxvilic uWris da Soreuli zRvis gadalaxvac ar aSinebs, maSinac ki, rodesac es SeuZlebelia, xolo win danaRmuli teritoriebi da xifaTi elis. rodesac dro dgeba, igi ketavs yvela kars oTaxSi, romelSic adamiani sakuTar TavTan marto rCeba da aCvenebs, ra emarTeba imas, vinc movaleobis Sesrulebas iviwyebs, rodesac es aucilebelia; rodesac igi ar (ver) icavs sakuTar saxls, ojaxs, qveyanas; ar icavs sakuTar Tu meore adamianis Rirsebas, rogor xafangSic unda iyos moqceuli da rogori gamouval-

foto speqtaklidan „ART xelovneba“

ic unda iyos viTareba, romelSic sakuTari umoqmedobisa Tu gaubedavobis, undoblobisa Tu urwmenobis gamo aRmoCnda. igi arasodes akeTebs imas, rac ar surs da arasodes midis kompromisze sakuTar TavTan. arasodes yofila konformisti TeatrSi da arasodes usargeblia im privilegiiT, romelic ojaxis sazogadoebrivi Tu profesiuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare (deda - medea Caxava, mama - nodar CxeiZe, mamobili - kote maxaraZe) axalgazrdobaSi SeeZlo esargebla. yvelaferi, rac miiRo da ver miiRo, rasac miaRwia da ver miaRwia - mxolod piradi monapovari Tu danakargia. is, rac daimsaxura. ruseTisa da saqarTvelos saxalxo artisti; kote marjaniSvilis, SoTa rusTavelis, mixeil TumaniSvilis, gogi gegeWkoris saxelobis („qarTuli xe-

lovnebis raindi“); ruseTis, saqarTvelos, sankt-peterburgis Teatraluri premiebis („oqros niRabi“), sapatio niSnis ordenis, leninuri premiisa da sanktpeterburgis (umaRlesi Teatraluri premia „oqros sofiti“, nominaciaSi „saukeTeso reJisoruli namuSevari“) - laureati; „oqros gran-prisa“ da „ruseTis Rirsebis“ ordenebis kavaleri da kidev araerTi sxva sapatio da prestiJuli premiis mflobeli - ar momerideba Tqma - Tanamedroveobis udidesi reJisori - Temur CxeiZe - 70 wlisaa. mas umuSavia da muSaobs saqarTvelosa da msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis dramatul da musikalur (zugdidis Salva dadianis, Tbilisis mozard mayurebelTa, SoTa rusTavelis, kote marjaniSvilis, soxumis konstantine gamsaxurdias saxelobis saxelmwifo dramatul; bordos, genuis, veneciis saopero, milanis „la skalaSi“, niu-iorkis „metropoliten operaSi”, პერსონა

53

moskovis samxatvro da did, sankt-peterburgis tovstonogovis saxelobis dramatul da marinis) TeatrebSi. umuSavia televiziaSi da kinoSic ki, rogorc msaxiobs. da dRemde dadgmuli aqvs, dawyebuli studentobidan (saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetidan) ramdenime aTuli (70ze meti) speqtakli - dawyebuli pirveli da yvelaze mniSvnelovani „ganacxadiT“ rusTavelis TeatrSi, 1969 wels, robert sturuasTan erTad - daviT kldiaSvilis „samaniSvilis dedinacvalidan“ (romelmac axali qarTuli Teatris dabadeba auwya 1960-iani wlebis saqarTvelos), sul axlaxan, marjaniSvilis TeatrSi ganxorcielebuli Jordi galseranis „gronholmis meTodiT“ damTavrebuli.

54

პერსონა

maT SuaSi ki, mraval arsebul speqataklTagan, ramdenime Sedevria: qarTveli dramaturgebisa da mwerlebis nawarmoebebis mixedviT - Salva dadianis „guSindelni“, mixeil javaxiSvilis „jayos xiznebi“, „qalis tvirTi“ da „bedi mdevari, leo qiaCelis „haki aZba“, daviT kldiaSvilis „darispanis gasaWiri” da „ubedureba“, ilia WavWavaZis „asi wlis winaT“, Tamaz goderZiSvilis „ilia var”, guram odiSarias „zRva, romelic Soria“ da a.S. ucxoeli avtorebidan qarTul da ucxoeTis TeatrebSi - artur mileris „seilemis procesi”, federiko garsia lorkas „bernarda albas saxli“, sofokles „oidipos mefe“, adolf d’enerisa da filip dumanu-

aris „don sezar de bazani“, Teodor dostoevskis „maradi qmari”, artur strindbergis „mama“, iasmina rizas „art xelovneba“, Jan anuis „antigone“, fridrix Sileris „mariam stiuarti“ da „veragoba da siyvaruli“, eduardo de filipos „aCrdilebi“, iujin o’ nilis „siyvaruli TelebqveS“, uiliam Seqspiris „makbeti“ da „otelo”, aleqsandre puSkinis „boris godunovi“, mixeil lermontovis „maskaradi“, maikl freinis „kopenhageni“. televiziaSi - mixeil javaxiSvilis „jayos xiznebi“ da „TeTri kurdReli“, nodar dumbaZis „kukaraCa“, mixeil bulgakovis „molieri“. saopero TeatrebSi - juzepe verdis „don karlosi”, jakomo puCinis „da anJelika”, sergei raxmaninovis „Zunwi raindi”, nikoloz rimski-korsakovis „mefis sacole”, `mocarti da salieri”, dimitri SostakoviCis „ledi makbeti“, sergei prokofievis „moTamaSe”, rixard vagneris „mfrinavi holandieli“ da sxva da sxva. rodesac Temur CxeiZis axal speqtaklze midixar, zustad ici, rac dagxvdeba, magram arasodes ici, ra moulodnelobas, ra siaxles, sakuTari Semoqmedebisa Tu piesis romel axal waxnags dagaxvedrebs. da yovel jerze xelaxla aRmoaCen, Tu rogor pasuxobs drosa da realobas, rogor pasuxobs imas, rac sazogadoebas aRelvebs, rac awuxebs adamians dRes da rac amave dros, maradiulia. yvela drosa Tu qveyanaSi mniSvnelovani da Tanadroulia, radgan Temur CxeiZes, rogorc namdvil xelovans, romlis xelwerasac yvelgan da yovelTvis icnob da romelic, amave dros, arasodesaa erTferovani, erTnairi, romelic mudmivad icvleba, viTardeba, romelic inarCunebs mTavar Tvisebas, miniSnebebs, rasac „Temur CxeiZis meTodi“ SeiZleba vuwodoT (Tundac maSin, rodesac sxvadasxva Teatrsa Tu sxvadasxva droSi erTi da igive piesas dgams) azrovnebis masStaburi areali aqvs da igi drosa da sivrceze daubrkoleblad batonobs...

mas SeiZleba daeTanxmo an ar daeTanxmo, miiRo misi scenuri versia an ar miiRo, mogewonos misi romelime speqtakli an ar mogewonos - es Cveulebrivi ambavia, magram ar aRiaro misi xelovnebis gansakuTrebuloba da gamorCeuloba, xelobis daxvewiloba da niWis elvareba - SeuZlebelia.

Zalian Sefaruli da mravalSriani simboloebi, romlebsac TavSekavebulad da zustad miCenil adgilebSi fantavs. araviTari Teatraluri „momgebiani“ efeqti, mayureblis emociis „amgdebi“ scena Tu musika an sxva msgavsi gacveTili xerxi emociisa Tu saTqmelis gavlenis gadmocemis gasaziareblad. yvelaferi sada, garegnulad „mSvidi“ da gawonasworebulia. mxolod Sinagani vnebebi boboqroben, romlebsac misi msaxiobebi (romlebis gareSec, rasac qmnis, imis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia), maTTvis zustad micemuli da kargad gaTvlili amocanebis meSveobiT, Rrma da mravalSriani niuansebis gamoyenebiT awyoben, im niuansebiT, romlebzec mTeli (yvela) speqtakli igeba Temur CxeiZis TeatrSi. msaxiobi misTvis yovelTvis mTavaria. rogorc TeatrmcodneobaSia miRebuli, Temur CxeiZis Teatri „fsiqologiuri Teatria“, romelsac SeuZlia mayurebeli speqtaklis aqtiur monawiled aqcios, misi CarTulobis koeficienti ukidures xarisxSi aiyvanos da Tanagancdis faqtori win wamoswios. mas aqvs unari - ramden xansac unda grZeldebodes speqtakli, imden xans dagipyros (zogjer es procesi 4 saaTi grZeldeba, zogjer uwyvetad, 2 saaTze metic), Tavis samyaroSi mogaqcios da dagaviwyos realoba, sadac sinamdvileSi arsebob.

SeiZleba es yvelaferi iqidan gamomdinareobs, rom man yovelTvis zustad icis, ra unda, „ras“ dgams da ratom dgams, rogor dgams, ra sWirdeba imisTvis, rom gamoxatos scenaze - mizanscenis, detalis, personaJis daxmarebiT, is, risi Tqmac unda mayureblisTvis. man zustad icis, ra unda msaxiobisgan, swored „am“ konkretuli msaxiobisgan da ra unda „im“ artistisgan, rom erTi mxriv, personaJis saxe, biografia Seპერსონა

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qmnas da meore mxriv, am sistemis awyobiT, esa Tu is ambavi giambos.

ma, yvelaferi dakarges, rodesac Sewyvites zneobis dasacavad brZola.

misi Semoqmedeba yovelTvis yvelaze mTavaris amoxsnis - adamianis zneobisken, misi zneobrivi Tu uzneo saqcielis motivaciis garkvevis, misi Sinagani samyaros kvlevis, misi da am yvelafris Sedegebis aRmoCeniskenaa mimarTuli. imisken, rac sazogadoebaSi, adamianebSi, maT Soris xdeboda da xdeba - odiTgan dRemde.

igi kvlav dgams qarTveli Tu ucxoeli klasikosebisa da Tanamedrove avtorebis piesebs, moTxrobaromanebs, romlebsac pirvelad mimarTavs, romlebidanac zogierTs drodadro ubrundeba da axali da jer an sxvis mier daunaxav-amoucnobi kuTxiTa da rakursiT xsnis maTSi moqceul saTqmels. maT sakuTar saTqmels, pozicias, xedvas usadagebs da Senc saSualebas gaZlevs, yvela pirobas giqmnis - maTi Tavidan Tu xelaxla aRmosaCenad.

misi speqtaklebi mTlianobaSi da calkeuli scenebi am speqtaklebidan gamaxsovrdeba da cocxal suraTebad aRibeWdeba xolme mexsierebaSi, xolo rodesac Temur CxeiZes axseneb (gaxsendeba), es suraTebi (scenebi) erTimeoris miyolebiT iwyeben gacocxlebas da damoukidebel cxovrebas agrZeleben.

Semdeg isini kvlav speqtaklebTan gabruneben da bolos erT mTlian saxed yalibdebian, Temur CxeiZis portretad, romelsac dasawyisi aqvs, magram aRar aqvs bolo.

Temur CxeiZis speqtaklebi yovelTvis iyo da dResac rCeba qarTuli kulturis mniSvnelovan monapovrad, ara mxolod mxatvruli Rirebulebebidan gamomdinare, aramed rogorc moqalaqeobrivi poziciiT gajerebul qmnilebebi, Tanadrouli da saWiro sazogadoebisTvis. maTSi Cadebuli saTqmeli yovelTvis mizanSi moxvedrilia da amdenad, iwvevs da iwvevda sazogadoebisa da sabWoTa periodSi - cenzuris interess. es speqtaklebi aravis tovebda gulgrils - kargi da cudi mniSvnelobiT - sabWoTa ideologiisTvis miuRebeli da moazrovne, Tavisufali adamianebisTvis mTavari saTqmelis matarebeli iyo. dro icvleba, Temur CxeiZis speqtaklebi ki isev aravis toveben gulgrils. isini kvlav gviyvebian adamianebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac drom, cxovrebam veraferi daaklo da maT Sesaxebac, romlebic samyarosTan brZolaSi damarcxdnen. maT Sesaxeb, vinc ibrZoda, waago yvela omi da mainc gamarjvebuli aRmoCnda bolos, da maT Sesaxebac, romlebmac beds damorCilebuleb56

პერსონა

mas aqvs kidev erTi Tviseba - ipovnos msoflio dramaturgiis „skivrSi“ piesebi, romlebsac cota Tu icnobs, an saqarTveloSi aravis daudgams. ase iyo „gronholmis meTodis“ SemTxvevaSi. maSinac, rodesac iasmina rizas „art xelovneba“ dadga; rodesac luis garsia berlangas, rafael askonasa da enio flaianos „garota“ warudgina sazogadoebas. rodesac alan garneis „sasiyvarulo baraTebi“ gagvacno, an maSin, rodesac „mgznebare SeyvarebuliT“ nil saimonis dramaturgias qarTuli scenisken gza „gaukafa“. maSinac ki, rodesac federiko garsia lorkasa da misi „bernarda albas saxliT“ gaaogna socialisturi realizmis tyveobidan cota xniT adre gaTavisuflebuli sabWoTa qarTveli mayurebeli. sankt-peterburgis giorgi tovstonogovis saxelobis dramatul TeatrSi (reJisorad, Semdeg mTavar reJisorad da bolos - samxatvro xelmZRvanelad) mravalwliani (1991-2013 ww.) moRvaweobis Semdeg, Temur CxeiZe isev saqarTveloSia da speqtaklebis dadgmis garda, saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi, momaval reJisorebsa da msaxiobebs xelobas kvlav aswavlis. aswavlis da albaT isinic bednierebi arian, raRacnairad rCeulebi, romlebsac iRbalma gauRima da swored im wels mouwiaT „TeatralurSi“ `Cabareba“, romel welsac Temur CxeiZe saqarTveloSi safuZvlianad da sabolood dabrunda.

Tumca, sinamdvileSi, arsaidanac arsad, arasodes wasula, rogorc arasodes qceula guSindelad. igi yovelTvis Tanadrouli da zogjer winamorbedicaa, romelic uswrebs dros, romelic momavlisken iyureba da Wvrets am momavals, romelic adamianis, sazogadoebis, qveynis, saxelmwifos ama Tu im saqciels, ama Tu im nabijs, cxovrebis wessa Tu miznebs mohyveba.

Temur CxeiZes 18 noembers 70 weli Seusrulda. magram igi am pirobiTobis arcerT kriteriums ar akmayofilebs. is arc xandazmulia, arc moxuci da soliduri asakis - iseTive axalgazrdaa, rogoric 1960-ian wlebSi, 50 wlis win, sadebiuto dadgmebze muSaobis dros iyo, radgan misi speqtaklebi yovelTvis aRsavsea siaxliT, sicocxliT, energiiT, „ymawviluri JiniT“, gulwrfelobiTa da uSualobiT, rasac gamocdileba, sibrZne, dagrovili dakvirvebebi da aRmoCenebi, wlebi mxolod plusad miemata. yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas kvlav aqvs sakuTari Teatri, romelic odesRac Seqmna. Temur CxeiZe dResac, 21-e saukuneSic kvlav fiqrobs ara sakuTar Tavze da mis demonstrirebaze sazogadoebis winaSe, ara sakuTari Tavisken vinmes yuradRebis mipyrobaze zrunavs, aramed imaze, Tu ra aris Teatri da rogor SeuZlia mayureblisTvis xmis miwvdena, rogor SeuZlia mas fiqrebi da satkivari gauziaros. igi bevrjer gaxldaT pirveli da aseTad rCeba. bevrjer iyo axladaRmomCeni da gzisgamkvalavi - iqac, sadac bilikic ki ar iyo. igi araerTi adamianisTvis iqca da rCeba gamyolad mogzaurobaSi ucxo qveynebis aRmosaCenad, axal samyaroebTan Sesaxvedrad, axal dResaswaulebze dasaswrebad.

Senc yovelTvis mihyavxar mogzaurobaSi, romlis gasaRebic mxolod mas uWiravs xelSi, romlis gezic mxolod TviTon icis, mogzaurobis dawyebis gankargulebis gacemac marto mas SeuZlia. mihyvebi, radgan endobi. endobi, radgan 50 welia, cxovrebiTa da SemoqmedebiT es daimsaxura.

foto speqtaklidan „art xelovneba“

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57

biznesi

qvevris Rvino saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis brendi xdeba

avtori: aleko cqitiSvili

4 dekembers, UNESCO–s aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis mTavrobaTaSorisi komitetis me-8 sesiaze qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZveles qarTul tradiciul meTods kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi mieniWa. am gadawyvetilebiT, upirvelesad, dafasda im erTeuli qarTveli enTuziasti meRvineebis mier gaweuli Sroma, romlebmac am aTiode wlis win, qvevris Rvinisadmi sayovelTao nihilizmis pirobebSi, qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis tradiciebis aRorZineba gadawyvites. rogorc kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros relizSi vkiTxulobT, qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciuli meTodis Setanas iuneskos aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT nusxaSi, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni qveynisTvis, radganac es pirveli qarTuli aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglia, romelic iuneskom aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvenciis amoqmedebis Semdeg daamtkica.

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foto: Zv.w. VI aTaswleulis yurZnis wipwebi

saqarTvelo aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis konvencias 2007 wels miuerTda, riTac aRiara aramaterialuri memkvidreobis dacvis aucilebloba da ikisra konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi. es gulisxmobs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sicocxlisunarianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, mis identifikacias, inventarizacias, kvlevas, Senaxvas, dacvas, aRorZinebas, popularizacias da a.S. saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnulma saagentom UNESCO–s 2012 wels mimarTa winadadebiT, „qvevris Rvinis dayenebis qarTuli tradiciuli meTodi“ aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT nusxaSi Seetana. manamde ki, saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris, nika ruruas brZanebiT, 2011 wlidan saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze uZvelesi droidan dRemde gavrcelebul, Rvinis dasayenebel da Sesanax Tixis unikalur WurWels - qvevrs, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi mieniWa. Rvinis dasayenebeli da Sesanaxi unikaluri Tixis WurWeli - qvevri, qarTuli Rvinisa da zogadad, qarTuli kulturis erTgvari savizito baraTia. saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyanaa, sadac qvevrSi Rvinos uZvelesi droidan dRemde uwyvetad ayeneben. Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli meTodis garda, qvevris kultura

meTuneobis mdidar qarTul tradiciebsac gulisxmobs. xalxuri rewvis am dargis erT–erTi mimarTuleba – meqvevreoba da qvevris gamowvis Zveli xalxuri meTodebi, faqtobrivad, mxolod saqarTveloSia SemorCenili. qvevris tipis uZvelesi WurWeli aRmoCenilia qvemo qarTlSi, sofel SulaverTan, xramis did goraze. arqeologebi mas neoliTur xanas - Zv.w. VI-V aTaswleulebs miakuTvneben. WurWeli zeda mxares Semkulia yurZnis mtevnis stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT, rac meRvineobasTan mis kavSirze miuTiTebs. am artefaqtis mixedviT, mecnierebi varaudoben, rom qvevri saqarTvelos teritoriaze mosaxle adamianebma gamoigones da sxva qveynebSi Semdeg aqedan gavrcelda. 8000–wliani tradicia saqarTveloSi uwyvetad da cocxlad aris SemorCenili da dResac sakmaod farTo gamoyeneba aqvs. qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciis saSualebiT, faqtobrivad, erTdroulad vexebiT Rvinis istoriis sawyisebsac da Tanamedroveobasac.

Tumca, qvevrs da qvevris Rvinos mZime droc hqonda. sabWoTa periodSi qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi tradiciebi Zalian dakninda, radgan meRvineobis dargi industriul gzas daadga, aSenda uzarmazari Rvinis qarxnebi, romlebsac sabWoTa kavSirisa da nawilobriv e. w. varSavis blokis qveynebis momxmare-

belTa moTxovnebi unda daekmayofilebina. dargs didi raodenobiT Rvinis warmoeba evaleboda, xarisxi ki naklebad mniSvnelovani iyo. qvevris Rvino warsulis gadmonaSTad da kidev ufro udieri epiTetebiTac moixsenieboda. es nihilizmi gagrZelda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdegac, roca erTi mxriv, meRvineobis dargSi aminds qmnidnen sabWouri Rvinis industriis „korifeebi“, meore mxriv ki evropaSi ganaTlebamiRebuli axalgazrda enologebi, romelTaTvisac safrangeTsa da germaniaSi qvevris Rvinis upiratesobaze leqciebi aravis Cautarebia. qvevrSi Rvinos mxolod glexebi ayenebdnen, ojaxSi mosaxmarad. cxadia, maT standartebis dacvas aravin sTxovda, ris gamoc qvevris Rvinis xarisxi daeca, reputacia Seilaxa da tradiciebic nel-nela miviwyebas mieca. miuxedavad amisa, swored am glexebma Semoinaxes mamapapiseuli saojaxo marnebi, sadac qvevrebs centraluri adgili uWiravs. saqarTvelos mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis tradiciul regionebSi qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis xalxuri teqnologiebi erTmaneTisgan met-naklebad gansxvavdeba. yvelaze popularulia kaxuri da imeruli teqnologiebi. qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis tradiciebis aRorZinebaSi udidesi Rvawli miuZRvis: biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia „elkanas“, romelmac xeli Seuwyo ojaxuri meurneobebis gardaqmnas mcire mwarmoeblebad; kompania „xoxbis cremlebs“ da mis damfuZnebels jon vurdemans, romelmac didi Sroma gaswia naturaluri qvevris Rvinis ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed ucxoeTSi popularizaciisaTvis; asociacia „qvevris Rvinos“, mis damfuZneblebs da wevrebs solomon caiSvils, ramaz nikolaZes, iago bitariSvils da sxvebs, romlebmac qvevris Rvinos saukunovani tradiciebis Sesaferisi avtoriteti daubrunes; alaverdis monastris marans da abba alaverdel mitropolit daviTs, romlis iniciativac iyo, UNESCO–s aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT nusxaSi qvevris Rvinis dayenebis qarTuli tradiciuli meTodi moxseniebuli yofiliyo „uZvelesad“ da amiT kidev erTxel gasmoda xazi, rom saqarTvelo vazisa da Rvinis samSobloa. ბიზნესი

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foto: qvevri yurZnis mtevnebiT Semkuli, Tixa, Zv.w. VI aTaswleuli. xramis didi gora, marneuli

dReisaTvis yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli, kvercxiseburi formis qvevrebi mravlad gvxvdeba saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze aRmoCenil marnebSi, romelTa asaki Zv.w.aR.-is II-I aTaswleulebiT TariRdeba. aseT istoriul marnebSi xSirad marto qvevrebia warmodgenili, rac miuTiTebs, rom qvevri qarTuli marnis umTavresi atributia. marnis aSenebas Zvelad qvevrebis CafvliT iwyebdnen - zomaze ufro dabla Txridnen marnis saZirkvels, sadac Tavdapirvelad kirduRabiT qvevrebs amagrebdnen, gamoyofil farTze maT ekonomiurad anawilebdnen da Semdeg ukve yvelas erTdroulad faravdnen miwiT yelamde.

xarisxis gaumjobeseba. UNESCO–s aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT nusxaSi „qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciuli meTodis“ Setanis Semdeg, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos pirdapiri valdebuleba meqvevreobis xelSewyoba xdeba, rac qveyanas ekonomikur sargebelsac miscems. qarTvel meqvevreebs SeeZlebaT, ganaviTaron warmoeba, xolo bevr sofelsa da ojaxs eqneba Sansi, daibrunos meqvevreobis istoriuli statusi. bolo wlebSi ucxoeTSic SeiniSneba mzardi interesi qvevrisadmi da Sesabamisad, saqarTvelodan qvevrebis eqsporti kidev ufro gaizrdeba.

qvevris damzadebis uZvelesi sameTuneo kerebi saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSia dafiqsirebuli. arqeologiuri da eTnografiuli monacemebiT mtkicdeba, rom meTuneobis mimarTulebaTagani - meqvevreoba qarTuli saxalxo xelosnobis erT-erTi wamyvani dargi iyo. Tixis saukeTeso karierebi da masze mibmuli meqvevreoba dResac moqmedia SroSasa da maqaTubanSi (imereTi), acanaSi (guria), cxavaTSi (qarTli), vardisubanSi (kaxeTi). maRalxarisxiani Tixis karierebi meqvevreTa mravalsaukunovani, uwyveti dakvirvebisa da gamocdilebis mixedviT aris SerCeuli. axlaxan, ucxoeTSi laboratoriuladac Seiswavles rogorc Tanamedrove, ise Zveli qvevris natexebi. am kvlevam daadastura, rom qarTuli qvevri usafrTxoa janmrTelobisTvis - ar Seicavs mZime metalebs da saSiS nivTierebebs.

saqarTvelo, rogorc vazisa da Rvinis samSoblo, ukanasknel wlebSi xSirad aris prezentirebuli sxvadasxva forumebze da gamofenebze. 2011 wels saqarTvelom umaspinZla qvevris I saerTaSoriso simpoziums, romelSic aseve mravlad monawileobdnen Rvinis ucxoeli eqspertebi, mecnierebi, meRvineebi da negociantebi. simpoziumma aCvena, rom qarTuli qvevri nel–nela saerTaSoriso brendi xdeba. qvevris Rvinis warmoeba ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi swrafad viTardeba. Rvinis festivalebsa da konkursebze qvevris Rvinos ucxoeli meRvineebic warmoadgenen da zogierTi maTgani maRali sinjis medlebiTac jildovdeba.

qvevris damzadebis xalxuri teqnologiebi amJamad SedarebiT dakninebulia, ris gamoc meRvineebi xSirad axal qvevrebze uars amboben da cdiloben, TavianTi marnebisTvis Zveli qvevrebi iSovon. im dros, roca qvevris Rvinis cnobadoba izrdeba da qarTuli qvevris Rvino prestiJul saerTaSoriso konkursebzec imarjvebs, dRis wesrigSi dgeba meqvevreobis uZvelesi teqnologiebis aRdgena da qvevrebis 60

ბიზნესი

saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro gvpirdeba, rom UNESCO–s aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT nusxaSi „qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli tradiciuli meTodis“ Setanis Semdeg, amaRldeba saqarTvelos, rogorc uZvelesi kulturis mqone qveynis cnobadoba saerTaSoriso masStabiT, romelmac ara mxolod Semoinaxa qvevris Rvinis dayenebis 8000-wliani istoria, aramed dResac acocxlebs mas qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobis, adamianTa urTierTobisa da maTi cxovrebis umniSvnelovanesi movlenebis aRmniSvneli tradiciebiT.

სიახლეები / რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები

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qarTuli koniakis elitaruli br wyinvalebis istoriidan avtori: irma kaxuraSvili

sul axlaxan qarTulma sazogadoebam daviT sarajiSvilis 165 wlis iubile specialuri kvireuliT aRniSna. kvireulis farglebSi, daviT sarajiSvilis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis amsaxveli gamofena da filmis Cveneba, aseve saintereso Tematuri konferencia gaimarTa. udidesi gamoCenili qarTveli mecenatis, sazogado moRvawisa da mewarmis saxeli dResac ukavSirdeba ara mxolod „qarTveli glexobis aRmdgenel komitets“, samusiko saswavlebels, „qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebas“, saxelmwifo universitetis mSeneblobasa Tu sxva sasikeTo wamowyebebis CamonaTvals, aramed SesaniSnav qarTul koniaksac, romlis Seqmnis tradicia dRemde SenarCunebulia da erovnuli siamayis gancdas iwvevs. qarTuli vazisa da Rvinis istoriasTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT axalgazrdaa qarTuli koniakis istoria, romlis samrewvelo warmoeba franguli klasikuri teqnologiis dacviT, XIX saukunis meore naxevridan iRebs saTaves. am periodSi, koniaki, rogorc 62

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alkoholuri sasmeli, mxolod mis samSobloSi, safrangeTSi mzaddeba. Tavisi SinaarsiT, warmomavlobiT, keTilSobilebiTa da originalobiT, es RvTaebrivi sasmeli marTlac mkveTrad gansxvavdeba sxva danarCeni magari sasmelebisagan. is yurZnis Rvinisgan gamoxdili spirtis muxis kasrebSi mravalwliani daZvelebiT miiReba da damsaxurebulad miiCneva elitarul da Zvirfas sasmelad. albaT, swored im bednierma garemoebam, rom saqarTvelo istoriulad mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis qveyana iyo, ganapiroba qarTuli koniakis metad maRali xarisxi da Tamamad aTqmevina franguli koniakis mesveurT, rom Tuki romelime sasmels SeiZleba uwodo franguli koniakis uaxloesi naTesavi, es udavod, qarTul koniakze iTqmiso. qarTuli da mezobeli qveynis yurZnis jiSebis safuZvliani gamokvlevis Sedegad, daviT sarajiSvili gaxldaT adamiani, romelic darwmunda - qarTuli jiSis yurZenTa nawili qimiuri SemadgenlobiTa da TvisebebiT sakmaod emsgavseba frangul sakoniake masalad miCneul yurZnis kulturul jiSebs. es aris rqawiTeli, cicqa, colikauri, mwvane, Cinuri. Tavisi organoleptikuri maxasiaTeblebiT maT bevri saerTo aqvT klasikur frangul sakoniake jiSebTan: uni blanTan, fol blanSTan, kolombarTan, sent eminionTan.

saqarTveloSi am saqmis pionerTa rigebSi giorgi bolqvaZec unda movixsenioT. 1865 wels is Tavis quTaisur warmoebaSi qmnis koniakis pirvel nimuSebs, romelTaganac erT-erTi parizis gamofenaze, 1878 wels „kavkasiuri naturaluri koniakis“ saxeliT, oqros medalsac imsaxurebs. Tumca, bolqvaZe koniakis warmoebas samrewvelo xasiaTs ver sZens da amis warmatebul mcdelobebs ukve daviT sarajiSvili axorcielebs.

Tbilisis gimnaziis Semdeg, daviTi peterburgis universitetis sabunismetyvelo fakultetze swavlobs, mogvianebiT, miunxenisa da haidelbergis universitetSi, qimiisa da filosofiis doqtoris xarisxs iRebs. 1872-1878 wlebSi hoenhaimisa da hales universitetebSi is sasoflo-sameurneo mecnierebiT interesdeba. 1878 wels ki safrangeTSi, mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis Teoriuli da praqtikuli safuZvlebis Sesaswavlad miemgzavreba. „...daviTi iyo pirveli qarTveli mrewveli evropuli tipis. SeaerTeT qarTuli gulkeTiloba da purmarili evropul saqmianobasTan da miiRebT daviT sarajiSvils. am pirovnebaSi samagaliTod iyo Sezavebuli saqebari qarTveloba da saqebari evropeloba. Cveni gaevropeleba swored am gziT unda moxdes - roca TiToeuli CvenTagani iswavlis evropul saqmianobas da Tan Tavis nacionalur xasiaTs ar dahkargavs“, ase ixsenebs daviT sarajiSvilze noe Jordania. daviT sarajiSvili frangi kolegebisa da megobrebis daxmarebiT safrangeTidan koniakis qarxnisaTvis aucilebel aRWurvilobas iwers. miuxedavad imisa, rom is SesaniSnavad flobs koniakis warmoebis teqnologias, frang specialists, anton Jurds iwvevs.

1884 wels 1 seqtembers ki TbilisSi, olRas quCaze, spirtis qarxanas xsnis. qarxanaSi warmoebis yvela etapi - spirtis gamoxda franguli wesiT, spirtis denaturacia, daZveleba muxis kasrebSi, daviTis mkacri meTvalyureobiT mimdinareobda. dauRalavma Sromam warmoudgeneli Se-

degi gamoiRo. XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi sarajiSvilis firma 50-mde, xolo XX saukunis damdegs, 60-mde dasaxelebis alkoholian samels amzadebda: arayi, koniaki, romi, Sampani, farnSampani, grand Sampani, benediqtini, Sastrezi, sxvadasxva nayofis nayenebi, liqiorebi da a.S. firmam monopoluri mdgomareoba moipova spirt-koniakis warmoebaSi ruseTis imperiis bazarze. produqcia didi mowonebiT sargeblobda da Sesabamisad, evropisa da aziis bazrebzec (berlini, vena, Jeneva, londoni, Tavrizi, konstantinepoli) saRdeboda. sarajiSviliseulma produqciam 18891913 wlebSi saerTaSoriso gamofenebze 14 , aqedan – 10 oqros medali moipova. „daviTi kapitalisti iyo ara marto imitom, rom kapitalis SeZena uyvarda, aramed - ideisTvis. igi gatacebuli iyo ara simdidris mopovebis surviliT, aramed Tavisi saqmianobis ideiT“, - werdnen masze 1911 wlis „saxalxo gazeTSi“. daviT sarajiSvilma vladikavkazTan aryis qarxanac iyida. mis balansze soliduri samedicino punqti da sakvirao skolac arsebobda, sadac wera-kiTxvas da sameurneo saqmes aswavlidnen. am olqSi simindis kulturis danergvaSi da mis savaWro produqtad gadaqcevaSi daviT sarajiSvils didi wvlili miuZRvis. ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi qarxana adgilobriv glexebs simindis marcvals ufasod urigebda, riTac simindi mTielTa Semosavlis ZiriTad produqtad gadaiqca. am raionebSi moyvanili simindi yubanis, rostovis, voroneJis guberniebSi da sxva punqtebSi iyideboda.

1887 wels daviT sarajiSvili erevnis siaxloves sareqtifikacio qarxanas xsnis da mogvianebiT igi erevanSi gadaaqvs. es qarxana erevnis guberniis pirvel sareqtifikacio qarxnad miiCneoda. misTvis mazuTi azerbaijanidan CahqondaT. qarxnis nawarmis nawili sarajiSvilis Tbilisis da baqos sawyobebSi gadahqondaT, nawili adgilze rCeboda, didi nawili ki mihqondaT moskovSi, peterburgSi, varSavaSi da sxva qalaqebSi, iseT did mewarmeebTan, rogorebic iyvnen smirnovi, volbruki, arabaJi da sxvebi. ბიზნესი

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garda amisa, daviT sarajiSvilis sakuTrebaSi iyo aryisa da koniakis qarxnebi yizlarSi, baqoSi, besarabiaSi, barguSeTSi, gogCaSi, slizavetopolSi. aseve koniakisa da Rvinis sawyobebi odesaSi, moskovSi, peterburgSi, varSavaSi, baqoSi, fiodoriSi, CalouSi, kievSi, vilniusSi, rigaSi, xarkovSi, rostovSi, samaraSi, yazanSi da a.S. maRali xarisxis gamo, sarajiSvili swrafad imyarebs avtoritets - mas „ruseTis saimperatoro karis mimwodeblis“ sapatio wodeba eniWeba, Semdeg „saimperatoro karis mrCevlis“ titulic.

qiSvili. daviT sarajiSvilTan gamosamSvidobebel werilSi Tavadi daviT guramiSvili mwuxarebiT werda: „Sens gulSi adgili hqonda yvelas, miuxedavad adamianTa socialuri mdgomareobisa da erovnebisa. gansxvaveba mxolod imaSi iyo, rom Rirseulebi giyvarda da uRirsebi gecodeboda. Sen ar icodi raa siZulvili, is arasodes exeboda Sens mgrZnobiare guls.“

sainteresoa, rom swored daviT sarajiSvilma SemoiRo pirvelad Tavis sawarmoebSi 8-saaTiani samuSao dRe, daawesa fasiani Svebuleba, qarxnis muSebisTvis gaxsna sasadilo, samkiTxvelo darbazi, biblioTeka, da rac mTavaria, arc anderZSi daiviwya isini - qarxnebidan miRebuli Semosavlis nawili muSebis keTildReobisTvis gaiRo. gazeTi „Закавказская речь“ werda: „mis sicocxleSi ar arsebobda xalxisTvis sasargeblo saqme, romelSic monawileoba ar mieRos. Znelia yvelafris CamoTvla… misi materialuri daxmarebis wyalobiT, saqarTveloSi aSenda mravali eklesia, maT Soris, cnobili qaSueTis taZari Tbilisis centrSi“. daviT sarajiSvilma Tavisi qvelmoqmedebiT da samarTlianobiT sicocxleSive daimsaxura sakuTari xalxis uzomo siyvaruli da pativiscema.

sabWoTa saqarTveloSi sarajiSvilis koniakis qarxana jer „saqsaxspirtis“, 1929 wlidan ki „samtrestis“ SemadgenlobaSi Sedis. misi produqcia sarajiSvilis memkvidreTa da mdidari tradiciebis wyalobiT, gzas sabWoTa kavSirsa da mis farglebs gareTac uproblemod ikvalavs.

daviT sarajiSvilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, saqmes Rirseulad gauZRva misi meuRle, ekaterine fora-

amJamindel kompaniaSi umeteswilad axalgazrdebi saqmianoben. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva mar-

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1918 wels sarajiSvilis firmam produqciis gamoSveba droebiT daakonserva...

qarxana muSaobas arc Semdgom wlebSi wyvets. 1994 wlidan sakuTrebis formis cvlilebis gamo, iqmneba daviT sarajiSvilis saxelobis koniakis warmoebis saaqcio sazogadoeba „eniseli“.

1990-iani wlebis bolodan dRemde, is saaqcio sazogadoeba „sarajiSvilad“ moixsenieba.

234 jildo, maT Soris 26 gran-pri, 149 oqros, 42 vercxlis da 17 brinjaos medali - aseTia kompania „sarajiSvilis“ sruli monapovari.

ketingul samsaxurs, produqciis sasaqonlo saxis daxvewas, axali partniorebis monaxvas, produqciis reklamirebas da sxv. dRes kompaniis spirtsacavebis 14 aTasamde muxis kasrSi uZvelesi qarTuli sakoniake spirtebi inaxeba. maTgan yvelaze Zveli da TviT daviT sarajiSvilis uSualo monawileobiT gamoxdili, 1893 wliT TariRdeba. aqve naxavT 1905, 1915, 1918, 1925, 1932, 1941 da Semdgom, TiTqmis yoveli wlis sakoniake spirts, romelTa soliduri maragi da mravalmxrivi speqtri rogorc asakis, aseve adgilwarmoSobis mixedviT imis garantia, rom kompaniis warmoebuli produqcia mudmivad inarCunebs stabilur erTgvarovnebas da umaRless xarisxs. „sarajiSvili“ warmoebis procesSi iyenebs uaxles italiur da frangul manqana-danadgarebs, sakoniake spirtebis daZveleba warmoebs specialur miwiszeda sacavebSi ganlagebul muxis kasrebSi, rasac klasikuri teqnologia iTvaliswinebs. „sarajiSvilis“ produqcias 15-ze met qveyanaSi agemovneben. is gansakuTrebiT popularulia yofil sabWoTa qveynebSi. qarTuli brendiT dainteresebulia CineTis, amerikis da evropis bazrebic. uaxloes momavalSi ki dagegmilia geografiuli arealis gafarToeba samxreT-aRmosavleT aziisa da afrikis mimarTulebiT. kompaniis saqmianoba ZiriTadad qarTuli originaluri da samarko koniakebze orientirebulia, Tumca awarmoebs magar sasmelebsac: „iverioni“, „daviTi“ da sxv. dReisaTvis kompania xuTi saxis Rvinis brends awarmoebs: „sarajiSvili 3*“, „sarajiSvili 5*“, „sarajiSvili XO“, „sarajiSvili VSOP“ da „sarajiSvili VS“. garda seriuli warmoebisa, kompanias SeuZlia daitrabaxos eqskluziuri produqtiT, romelic winaswari SekveTiT mzaddeba. es gaxlavT „XX saukune“ da „daviT sarajiSvili“. am ganumeorebeli produqtebisTvis platinisdetalebiani brolis grafinebi brolis mwarmoebelma „mozerma“ daamzada.

„XX saukunis“ Seqmnis idea axali aTaswleulis dadgomam moitana da saxelic Sesabamisad ewoda. produqti gamdidrebulia daviT sarajiSvilis unikalur sacavebSi muxis kasrebSi davargebuli me-20 saukunis yvela aTwleulis spirtiT. sakupaJe kompoziciaSi monawile 17 sxvadasxva spirtidan uZvelesi 1905 welsaa gamoxdili. „XX saukune“ mxolod 300 eqskluziuri egzemplaris saxiT damzadda. aRniSnuli koniaki wardga or saerTaSoriso konkursze da oriveze gran-pri daimsaxura. rac Seexeba „daviT sarajiSvils“, is kompaniis fuZemdeblis dabadebis 155-e wlisTavs mieZRvna. produqts ganumeoreblobas aniWebs Tavad daviT sarajiSvilis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT gamoxdili ori uZvelesi - 1893 da 1905 wlebis spirti. „daviT sarajiSvilis“ mxolod 200 eqskluziuri egzemplari damzadda. kompania „sarajiSvilis“ warmomadgeneli baxva bregvaZe azustebs, rom warmoebuli produqciis maRal xarisxs ramdenime faqtori ganapirobebs: „udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs saukunovan tradicias. koniaki gansakuTrebuli produqtia, teqnologiuri procesi mravalwliania. dRes Camosxmuli samarko koniaki SeiZleba ramdenime aTeuli wlis win iyos dakupaJebuli da misi avtori ukve cocxalic aRar iyos. amitom, dRevandel Taobas absoluturad aqvs gaazrebuli pasuxismgebloba wina Taobis kolegebis winaSe. aseve, wminda teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT, xarisxiani, erTgvarovani koniakis damzadeba erTi tipis spirtisagan naklebad SesaZlebelia. swored sakoniake spirtebis mdidari da mravalferovani maragi, rogorc asakis, aseve adgilwarmoSobis mixedviT, aZlevs Cvens kompanias imis garantias, rom esa Tu is marka yovelTvis maqsimalurad erTmaneTis identuria da Sesabamisi xarisxiT gamoirCeva.“ kompania „sarajiSvilisTvis“, iseve rogorc daviT sarajiSvilis sicocxleSi, prioritetul Temad rCeba qvelmoqmedeba, rasac „daviT sarajiSvilis saxelobis fondis“ aqtivobebic adasturebs.

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66 6 6

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ბიზნესი ბი ბ იზ ზნ ნე ნე ეს ს სი ი

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turizmi

ori iberia avtori: daTo turaSvili

platonisa da aristoteles droidan moyolebuli, mecnierebi Tu mwerlebi, yovelTvis axsenebdnen xolme or iberias da amasTan dakavSirebiT, imTaviTve arsebobda ori ZiriTadi versia. erTi versiis Tanaxmad, kavkasiis iberielebi pirineebisken ramdenime aTaswleulis win wavidnen da im miwaze dasaxldnen, romelsac axla espaneTi hqvia. meore mosazrebis mixedviT ki, piriqiT moxda (daaxloebiT imave periodSi) da iberielebi pirineebidan kavkasiaSi, kerZod ki saqarTveloSi gadmosaxldnen. amitomac Zveli mogzaurebi Tu istorikosebi, espaneTis iberielebs uwodebdnen dasavleTiberielebs, xolo kavkasiis iberielebs ki – aRmosavleTiberielebs.

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Sesabamisad, yovelTvis arsebobda sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb Tu ramdenad iyo zemoTqmuli ubralo damTxveva an Tu arsebobda raRac kanonzomieri kavSiri or iberias Soris. rasakvirvelia, istoriulad cnobilia da wyaroebiTac dadasturebulia, rom sxvadasxva epoqaSi xalxTa ramdenime didi da masobrivi gadaadgileba moxda, magram iberiis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT (ukanasknel periodSi), mecnierebs Soris, sul ufro popularuli xdeba mesame da alternatiuli versia. am versiis Tanaxmad, iberiuli civilizacia moicavda mTel xmelTaSua zRvis auzs (pirineebidan kavkasiamde), romelic warmoadgenda monaTesave tomebis sacxovriss, sanam am teritoriebze daiwyeboda indoevropuli modgmis xalxTa gansaxleba. iberielebis didma nawilma ver gauZlo dawolas da maT ganicades asimilacia, miuxedavad axalmosulebTan gaweuli winaaRmdegobisa, da protoiberielTa civilizaciis naSTebi, axla mxolod fragmentulad gvxvdebian korsikul, sardiniul Tu baskur eTnokulturasa da tradiciebSi.

espanelebi TavianT qveyanas iberias uwodebdnen axali welTaRricxvis mesame saukunemde, xolo qarTvelebma es saxeli mecxramete saukunemde SeinarCunes - sanam saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis nawili gaxdeboda. meoce saukunis bolos (iseve, rogorc imave saukunis dasawyisSi), saqarTvelom kidev erTxel SeZlo damoukideblobis aRdgena da qarTvelebi, Zvel iberielebs Soris, axla erTaderTi xalxia, visac Tavisi, sakuTari saxelmwifoebrioba gaaCnia. iberiuli civilizacia moicavda ara mxolod samxreT evropas, aramed CrdiloeT afrikis nawilsac, magram im erT-erTi uZvelesi civilizaciis kvali axla imdenad dafarulia, rom misi Zieba udides mecnierul Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. Tumca mainc SeiZleba zogierTi zedapiruli msgavsebis SemCneva korsikul da qarTul, an baskur da qarTul polifoniur da mravalxmovan musikalur kulturebs Soris. msgavsebaa leqsikasa da toponimikaSi, saxelebis etimologiasa da tradiciul TamaSebs Sorisac, magram mTavari mecnieruli aRmoCenebi, jer isev winaa.

rac Seexeba baskur-qarTul naTesaobas, es aris iberiuli problemis mxolod erT-erTi Semadgeneli Tematika, magram igi gacilebiT popularulia saqarTveloSi (vidre romelime sxva iberiuli Tema) obieqturi da subieqturi mizezebis gamo. mTavari subieqturi mizezi, albaT mainc sabWoTa kavSiris politika iyo, radgan frankos reJimis winaaRmdeg mebrZol baskebs Soris, komunistebic mravlad iyvnen da sabWoTa xelisuflebamac, es faqtori, warmatebiT gamoiyena. qarTveli mecnierebic amitom waaxalises maSin. sabWoTa periodSi bevri werili daiwera da bevri kvlevac gamoqveynda baskeTis Sesaxeb da miuxedavad imisa, rom es iyo sakiTxis arasruli da mxolod nawilobrivi Seswavla, qarTvel mecnierebs cudi mainc araferi gaukeTebiaT. Tumca sinamdvileSi (saerTo iberiuli xaziT), baskebic iseve gvenaTesavebian, rogorc sxva Zveli iberielebi: korsikelebi, berberebi Tu katalunielebi. baskeTi ki, erTi SexedviTac Zalian hgavs saqarTvelos da gansakuTrebiT – gurias. am xalxma, CvensaviT, uxsovari droidan icoda rkinis damuSaveba da axla ukve dadasturebulia, rom veSapebze monadire baskebma okeane gacilebiT adre gadacures, vidre

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sxvebi amerikas aRmoaCendnen. is gemebic (sxvaTa Soris), romliTac kolumbi miadga axal kontinents, swored baskebis mier iyo agebuli, da saerTod, baskebi marTla Zalian magari xalxia. marTalia, bevri saerTo da msgavsi gvaqvs (baskebs da qarTvelebs), magram rac Cvens naTesaobas saeWvos xdis, gasaocari Sromismoyvareobaa, romelic baskebs axasiaTebT. albaT odesRac, Cvenc ase gviyvarda Sroma da upirvelesad, am unaris damsaxurebaa baskebis keTildReobac. Raribi da gaWirvebuli baski, amitomac ar arsebobs. qarTvelebsa da baskebs Soris, kidev erTi gansxvavebaa (miuxedavad imisa, rom Rvino orives Zalian gviyvars) - baskebi ara mxolod adRegrZeleben xolme TavianT lamaz qveyanas, aramed realurad da gamudmebiT zrunaven masze da Cveni ulamazesi samSoblosgan gansxvavebiT, baskeTi Zalian movlilia.

Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom baskebs Cvenic ki SurT, radgan Cven, oficialurad mainc, damoukidebeli qveyana varT da maTi brZola TavisuflebisaTvis, jer isev grZeldeba. Tumca sruli damoukideblobis 70

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momxre, yvela baskic ar aris. piriqiT, arseboben baskebi, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom maTTvis mTavari identobisa da TviTmyofadobis, tradiciebisa da enis SenarCunebaa da amas, frankos reJimis Semdeg, warmatebiT axerxeben kidec. radgan uZvelesi baskuri ena vaxseneT, aqve imasac vityvi, rom baskebs ramdenime Teoria aqvT enobriv naTesaobasTan dakavSirebiT da CvenTan naTesaobis garda, xSirad saubroben xolme (gansakuTrebiT, bolo periodSi) baskurisa da iaponuris naTesaobaze. ufro adre ki, maT mecnierul wreebSi, gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobda baskuri enisa da ungro-finuri lingvisturi jgufis naTesauri urTierToba da bevri baski mecnieri swored am mimarTulebiT muSaobda. baskebi stumarTmoyvareobiTac saocrad gvgvanan da Zalian keTilganwyobilebi arian qarTvelebis mimarT. amitom vfiqrob, rom nebismierma qarTvelma (visac amis saSualeba aqvs), sicocxleSi erTxel mainc, unda naxos es saocari qveyana...

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baqo „cecxlis qalaqi“ avtori da foto: maka bibilaSvili

baqoSi matarebliT gavemgzavre.

Tbilisi-baqos mimarTulebiT matarebeli aTwleulebia moZraobs. reisebi yoveldRiurad sruldeba.

Tbilisidan 17:30-ze gasuli matarebeli baqos rkinigzis sadgurSi meore dilis 9 saaTsa da 10 wuTze Cadis. bileTis fasi 60-dan 116 laramdea. istorias rom Tvali gadavavloT, rkinigzis xazi `Tbilisi-baqo“ saeqsplutaciod 1883 wels gadaeca. `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ veb-gverze isic amovikiTxe, rom am faqtma, baTumis portidan Savi zRvis gavliT, azerbaijanuli navTobis msoflio bazarze gatanas Cauyara safuZveli.

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baqo aris qalaqi, romelsac sami kerpi hyavs: heidar alievi, cecxli da navTobi. aqedan baqoelebisTvis romeli romelze ufro mniSvnelovania, Zneli saTqmelia. magram pirvelad iyo (baqoSi) cecxli, mere navTobi da bolos - heidar alievi. yvela postsabWoTa qalaqi erTmaneTs hgavs. ssrk-s daSlidan oc welze meti gavida, magram yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi misi kvali kidev didxans ar waiSleba. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi Cvenc da sxva qveynebic vswavlobT `damoukideblobas“, gvinda evropul qveynebad viqceT, ganvviTardeT da win wavideT. azerbaijanma damoukideblad cxovreba iswavla, magram evropisken miswrafeba baqoSi naklebad vigrZeni. qalaqis quCebSi, Senobebze, mxolod azerbaijanuli warwerebia. sasaubro ena azerbaijanuli da rusulia. yvela asakis baqoeli – patara bavSvidan dawyebuli, moxucebuliT damTavrebuli, rusulad kargad saubrobs. ai, inglisurad mosaubreebs baqos quCebSi iSviaTad ipovni. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iq rusulis armcodne turistis bedi didad ar aRelvebT. saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, usafrTxoebisa da wins-

vlisTvis, baqos ar sWirdeba evrointegracia da natos wevroba. baqos xom navTobi aqvs! navTobia baqos usafrTxoebac da simdidrec! simdidris `suni“ qalaqTan miaxloebisTanave igrZnoba. miuyvebi kaspiis zRvas, romelic giganturi navTobsaqaCebiTa da navTobmompovebeli tankerebiTaa savse. sanapirosTan axlos, auSenebiaT sakoncerto darbazi `kristal holi“, sadac 2012 wels evroviziis koncerti gaimarTa. TiTqmis yvela Senoba, adgilobrivi, moyviTalo qviTaa nagebi. yvela maTgani erTi, qviSisferi da gacrecilia.

axali, erTferovani, brWyviala qalaqi dauSenebiaT. baqos egzotika mxolod `Zvel qalaqSia“ SemorCenili. 45 wlis win swored aq gadauRia leonid gaidais sakulto sabWoTa filmi `briliantis xeli“. `Zvel qalaqSia“ Tavmoyrili yvelaferi is, rac baqoSi unda naxo: aziuri, saxasiaTo viwro quCebi, qalwulis koSki, SirvanSahebis sasaxle, muzeumebi, xaliCebis, fardagebisa da qsovilebis daxlebi aRmosavluri da kavkasiuri aqsesuarebiT, tansacmliT, qudebiT, WurWliT, abreSumis SarfebiT, fafaxebiT, xeliT naqsovi CanTebiTa da krialosnebiT.

azerbaijaneli mZRoli baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadens gvaCvenebs. Semdeg ki milioner baqoelebze gviyveba legendebs - vis ramdeni `bentli“ da `bugati“ hyavs. piroba mogvca, bolo modelis `lamborginebs“ saRamos saaTebSi aucileblad naxavT qalaqSio. baqos centrSi, erTmaneTis gverdiT Camwkrivebulan: Gucci , Fendi, Emporio Armani, Dolce&Gabbana, Bulgari, Dior, Roberto Cavalli, Kenzo, SALVATORE FERRAGAMO da sxva cnobili brendebi.

qalwulis koSki (XII saukune) da SirvanSahebis sasaxle (XVII saukune) iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebia. rogorc baqoelebi amboben, koSks qalwulis imitom hqvia, rom is mters arasdros auRia. igi erT dros zRvis piras mdgara, magram oTar WilaZis erTerT romanSi moTxrobili ambis msgavsad, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, am qalaqsac daSorebia zRva. axla koSksa da zRvas Soris bulvari da qalaqis mTavari moedania...

azerbaijanelebma evropis gaoceba gadawyvites da baqos samxreTiT, kaspiis zRvis sanapiroze, dubais msgavs xelovnur kunZuls Khazar Islands-s aSeneben, romelic 41 patara kunZuls gaaerTianebs da kaspiis zRvis 3 aTas heqtarze iqneba gaSlili. Khazar Islands-ze 150 xidi, aeroporti, dasasvenebeli parkebi, savaWro da kulturuli centrebi da caTambrjeni Azerbaijan Tower-i aSendeba. proeqtis dasrulebas 20202025 wlisTvis varaudoben. xelovnur kunZulebs rom gavcdiT, ramdenime wuTSi `cecxlis alis“ formis 3 caTambrjeni gamoCnda. 2012 wels gaxsnili Flame Towers-i axali baqos simboloa.

SirvanSahebis sasaxlemde, gzad miniaturuli wignebis muzeumi Segvxvda. igi 2002 wels wignebis koleqcionerma zarifa salahovam gaxsna. muzeumis fondSi mis mier 30 wlis manZilze, 64 qveyanaSi Segrovebuli 6500-amde wignia daculi. ori qvafeniliani aRmarTi kidev aviareT da XIII saukuneSi aSenebuli SirvanSahebis sasaxlec gamoCnda. kompleqsis SemadgenlobaSia: sasaxlis ori sarTuli, XV saukunis meCeTi minareTiT, divanxane, abano, saZvale, aRmosavleTis kari da mavzoleumi.

azerbaijanis dedaqalaqi zRvispira qalaqia - portiT, gemebiT, bulvariTa da axladaSenebuli bevri ugemovno Tanamedrove SenobiT. qalaqSi SesvlisTanave, baTumi gamaxsena, magram Tamamad SemiZlia vTqva, rom baTumi am mxriv baqoze bevrad sada da daxvewilia. bolo wlebSi TiTqmis gauwmendavT qalaqi Zveli Senobebisa da sacxovrebeli saxlebisgan da zed

azerbaijanSi, iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis kidev erTi Zegli gobustanis arqeologiuri nakrZalia. igi baqodan 20 kilometriTaa daSorebuli. nakrZalis teritoriazea Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT (gadametebulad) aRWurvili, nairferi marmariloTi Semkuli, feradi SuqebiT gadanaTebuli, cxovelTa fitulebiTa da adamianis uxarisxo mulaJebiT gaformebuli arqeologiuri muzeumi da gobustanis siamaye – mezoliTis periodis kedlis mxatvrobis nimuSebi. ტურიზმი

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rac Seexeba Tanamedrove xelovnebas: rogorc Cans, masze pirveli ledi mehriban alieva da heidar alievis fondi zrunavs. Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumi qalaqis centrSi, 2009 wels, am fondis mxardaWeriT gaixsna. iq XX saukunis meore naxevarSi moRvawe azerbaijaneli mxatvrebis 800-mde namuSevaria Tavmoyrili. calke darbazSi pablo pikasos (Composition, 1940; Composition, 1950; Reader, 1971; Dalmatian, 1959), mark Sagalisa (Awakening, 1970) da salvador dalis (Dream Putting its hand on man’s shoulder, 1936; Giving life, 1950) tiloebia warmodgenili. muzeumis am nawils gansakuTrebulad icaven. iq foto da videogadaReba akrZalulia. baqodan 30 kilometris daSorebiT, cecxlTayvanismcemlebis taZari, XVII saukuneSi agebuli aTeSga mdebareobs. saxelwodeba sparsuli sityvidan momdinareobs da `cecxlis adgils“ niSnavs. xuTkuTxa kompleqss Ria kari aqvs, centrSi ki wminda, maradiuli cecxli anTia. XVIII saukuneSi, aTeSgasTan keliebi aSenda, sadac cecxlTayvanismcemlebi, induizmisa da siqsizmis mimdevrebi asketurad cxovrobdnen da sulis gansawmendelad cecxls eTayvanebodnen. amJamad aTeSga muzeumia Ria cis qveS, Tumca rogorc gidma gviTxra, aq xSirad modian cecxlTayvanismcelebi sxvadasxva qveynebidan da religiur ritualebs atareben. arasodes damaviwydeba baqos bulvarSi Caize desertad morTmeuli nugbariT savse langrebi da ugemrielesi ananasis muraba. unda vaxseno: iasamnisferi, Zalian lamazi taqsebi; saxelmwifo droSis moedani, sadac azerbaijanis giganturi droSa (70X35m.-ze) 162-metrian Zelze frialebs da am masStabebiT ginesis rekordebis wignSia Sesuli; heidar alievis momRimarsaxiani plakatebi baqos quCebSi; brWyviala, oqrosferi brebiT ganaTebuli da marmariloTi mopirkeTebuli, eskalatoriani miwisqveSa gadasasvleli qalaqis centrSi; mTavar gamzirze didi siCqariT moZravi, arakanonmorCili mZRolebi da am fonze ufunqciod darCenili policielebi, da baqos kidev erTi RirsSesaniSnaoba - misi aRmatebuleba `Shaurma #1“.

P.S.: baqoSi Tu moxvdebiT, aucileblad gaiseirneT gemiT baqos yureSi, arc baqos funikuliorze asvla dagezaroT. am yvelafris Semdeg, namdvilad mixvdebiT, rom kavkasiaSi yvelaze lamazi qalaqi, azerbaijanis sazRvars miRma, Sin geliT...

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matarebeli saqarTveloSi avtori: baCo kvirtia

matarebeli adamianis xeliTa da gonebiT Seqmnili erT-erTi is fenomenia, romelic Cemi aRqmiT, yvelaze mistikur da idumal epoqaSi – mecxramete saukuneSi gaCnda. gadaadgilebis es saSualeba, es manqana, Seqmnes im saukuneSi, roca fotografia da kino – Cemi azriT kidev ori, saocrad saintereso da idumali gamogonebebi ixila kacobriobam. fotografiam da kinematografma xelovnebis saxe SeiZina. rkinigza, matarebeli ki transportis erT-erT efeqtian, uaRresad saWiro da momgebian saSualebad iqca. Tumca, Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, matarebels xelovnebasTan Zalian mWidro kavSiri hqonda, aqvs da mudam eqneba – sanam matarebeli da xelovneba iarsebebs.

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matarebeli iyo, aris da iqneba poetebis, prozaikosebis, musikosebis, fotografebis, kinoreJisorebisa da fermwerebis STagonebis wyaro. matarebliT mgzavroba sruliad ar hgavs TviTmfrinaviT, gemiT, avtomobiliT, velosipediT, cxeniT, an sulac – fexiT mgzavroba-gadaadgilebas. matarebliT mgzavrobisas, fanjridan dainaxavT imas, rasac sxvagan, sxva fanjrebidan verasdros ixilavT. matarebeli poeziacaa da prozac. warsulic da awmyoc, sixarulic da sevdac, xmauric da garindebac. nacnobicaa da ucxoc. idumali, amouxsneli – Tavisi liandagebiT, memanqaniT, mgzavrebiT da mgzavrobiT. matarebliT mgzavrobas Cvens qveyanaSi sruliad sxva Sinaarsi, sxva orazrovneba, sxva romantika da sentimentebi gaaCnia, ufro sworad – Cveni qveynis erTi qalaqidan meore qalaqSi mgzavrobisas. saqarTvelos matareblis fajrebidan, gzad, sul sxvanairi Cans Cveni soflebi da qalaqebi, sadgurebi da saZovrebi, yanebi da mdinareebi. sruliad sxva sevda SeiZleba moggvaros matareblis fanjris miRma mqrolav xeebs iqiT, wamiT Tvalmokrulma ezo-karma; romeliRac sofelSi gavlisas, WiSkarTan xelebCamodebulma moxucma qalma, nawvimar Saraze nela mimavalma saqonelma; burTiT xelSi, matareblisken moSterebulma, botebianma glexis balRma; sadgurSi, sayeloebSi TavCargulma, mowyenilma mamakacma, da vin icis, kidev ram...

fenomeni, romelsac matarebeli hqvia, Cemi gumaniT, oTxi ipostasisgan Sedgeba: matarebeli, mgzavrebi, gza da adamianebi matareblis miRma. es oTxi nawili, erTgvarad, oTxi moqmedi gmiri, qmnis leqss, ambavs, dramas, fiqrebs. matarebeli filosofiaa, matarebeli droa, matarebeli mogonebaa, matarebeli gacileba da Sexvedraa. sul sxvaa wvima matarebliT mgzavrobisas... wveTebi fanjris minaze, moweuli sigareti xmaurian tamburSi, kupeSi gacnobili adamiani, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi, matareblidan Camosvlis Semdeg, samudamod qreba Cveni cxovrebidan; wakiTxuli wigni, cicqna magidaze gaSlili sagzali, Zili an uZiloba narze, gvian RamiT, romeliRac sadgurze gaCerebis dros, rkinigzelebis saubris gagoneba fanjris ZirSi Cavlisas; mazuTis suni da Sors, Zalian Sors, romeliRac saxlis parmaRze anTebuli naTuris mbWutavi Suqi, romelic maSinve fiqrs moggvris: netav vin cxovrobs im saxlSi?.. netav raze laparakoben?.. netav vin arian, da Tu esmiT, axla, am matareblis xma?.. me vici, rom msoflioSi arsebobs superTanamedrove, saocrad swrafi, araCveulebrivad komfortuli da lamazi matareblebi. vici, rom im matareblebis fan-

jrebidan, qalaqidan qalaqSi mgzavrobisas, ulamazesi xedebi iSleba. iqauri landSaftebi kalmiT naxats hgavs, Tvals atkbobs da suls amSvidebs. iqauri matareblebiT mgzavroba imave qveynis erT-erTi savizito baraTia – sufTa, mowesrigebuli, uzustesi ganrigiTa da momsaxurebis umaRlesi doniT. es yvelaferi kargia, SesaniSnavia, magram es xom is ar aris, rac me guls miforiaqebs, fiqrebs mibadebs, mRlis da masvenebs – erTdroulad... da kidev erTi: yvela adamiani, matareblis gamogonebidan dRemde, Tavisdauneburad, qvecnobierad, mudam elis wuTs, wams, roca matarebliT unda gaemgzavros... ar aqvs mniSvneloba, saidan sad, weliwadis romel dros da ra mizniT.

adamianebi elian... yovelTvis... zogi cnobierad, zogi gaucnobiereblad. magram rac mTavaria, matarebliT mgzavrobas yvela elis.

Tqvenc imgzavreT matarebliT. damijereT – Tqvenc elodiT amas... aseTia matarebeli... saqarTveloSi!

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sakvebi produqtebis bazris erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli qarTuli kompania

„nikora“ 15 wlisaa warmatebuli realoba, romelzec gzis dasawyisSi mxolod ocneba Tu SeiZleboda

qarTuli da ucxouri brendebis kvebis produqtebis mravalferovani asortimentis SeZena SeiZleba.

dRes, „nikoras“ supermarketebSi SesulT, xorcis nawarmis garda - riTac, ZiriTadad, es kompania gaxlavT cnobili - sxva uamravi produqtic dagxvdebaT. CemTvis, rogorc momxmareblisaTvis, sasixaruloa, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi, „nikoras“ savaWro obieqtebi Camoyalibda srulfasovan supermarketebad, sadac Tavad „nikorasa“ da misi Svilobili kompaniebis mier saqarTveloSi warmoebuli produqciis gverdiT, sxva

yvelaferi ki 1998 wels, axla ukve klasikad qceuli sosisebis - „rZianisa“ da „iverias“ warmoebiT daiwyo. 15 wlis Semdeg, „nikoras“ sakuTari warmoebis umaRlesi xarisxis 500-mde dasaxelebis kvebis produqti, qveynis masStabiT arsebuli yvelaze mravalricxovani savaWro qseli, sadistribucio samsaxuri, saerTaSoriso standartebis sruli dacviT aRWurvili sawarmoebi aqvs da miuxedavad miRweulisa, mainc mudmivad iswrafvis

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siaxleebis danergvisa da teqnologiuri inovaciebisken. ase rom, SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas - is, razec kompaniis damfuZneblebs 1998 wels mxolod ocneba SeeZloT, 2013 wlis gadmosaxedidan warmatebul realobad iqca. nedleuli, romelic „nikoras“ xorcproduqtebis warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba „nikoras“ warmoebaSi udides rols TamaSobs umaRlesi xarisxis nedleuli, romliTac brendis produqcia mzaddeba. „nikoras“ xorcproduqtebis warmoebisTvis umetesad evropis qveynebidan - kerZod, germaniidan, italiidan, espaneTidan, holandidan, aseve braziliidan, kanadidan da aSS-dan importirebuli nedleuli gamoiyeneba. yvelas mogexsenebaT, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs msxvili fermeruli meurneobebi, romlebic kompaniebs saWiro raodenobis msxvilfexa saqonliT moamarageben da aqedan gamomdinare, „nikorasac“ bazarze moqmed sxva msxvili sawarmoebis msgavsad, importis mimarTulebiT uwevs muSaobs. Tumca, aqve, aucileblad unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom kompaniis holdingSi Semavali erT-erTi brendi „mzareuli“ tradiciuli qarTuli, rusuli da evropuli recepturis mixedviT 60-mde dasaxelebis naxevarfabrikats mxolod adgilobrivi nedleulisgan amzadebs. faqtorebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac xdeba nedleulis SerCeva „nikoras“ warmoebisTvis nedleulis SerCevisas, upirvelesad, yuradReba eqceva, Tu ramdenad avtoritetuli da moTxovnadia mwarmoebeli qarxana msoflios masStabiT, aris Tu ara sertificirebuli, aqvs Tu ara danergili xarisxis marTvis sistema da laboratoriulad damowmebulia Tu ara misi warmoebuli produqciis xarisxi da uvnebloba. rogorc damatebiTi kontrolis meqanizmi, sazRvris gadmokveTisas importirebul nedleuls ukve qarTuli mxare amowmebs da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi xarisxi da uvnebloba ar dasturdeba, nedleulis sazRvarze gadmotana SeuZlebelia. mkacrad kontroldeba Tavad warmoebis procesic... kompaniis farglebSi arsebul mikrobiologiur labo-

ratoriaSi regularulad mowmdeba saboloo produqciis xarisxi da standartebTan Sesabamisoba.

15 wlis win dasaxuli mizani, ewarmoebina stabilurad maRali xarisxis kvebis produqtebis mravalferovani asortimenti, dRemde „nikoras“ umTavres prioritetad rCeba. Sesabamisad, swored „nikora“ gaxlavT erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli kompania, romelic ukve ramdenime welia flobs xarisxis marTvisa da sursaTis uvneblobis saerTaSoriso sertifikatebs: ISO 9001:2008; ISO 22000:2005 da НАССР. qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlili amJamad ss „nikoraSi“ 2 aTasze meti adamiania dasaqmebuli. Tumca, kompaniisTvis damaxasiaTebel tendencias - produqtebis asortimentis mudmiv zrdasa da qselis gafarToebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, absoluturad realuria, rom male „nikora“ msxvil damsaqmebelTa siaSi kidev ufro dawinaurdeba. bolo 15 wlis manZilze kompaniam saqarTvelos biujetSi 200 milion larze meti Seitana. warmatebis erT-erTi mTavari garanti momxmareblis ndoba da siyvaruli „Zalian kargad vacnobierebT, rom miuxedavad Cveni mondomebisa da Tavdadebuli Sromisa, sazogadoebis Tanadgomis, siyvarulisa da ndobis gareSe aseT warmatebas ver mivaRwevdiT. ase rom, mxardaWerisa da erTgulebisaTvis, TiToeul momxmarebels didi madloba minda gadavuxado kompaniis saxeliT. „nikora“ ar apirebs, arsebul miRwevebs dasjerdes. kompania yoveldRiurad muSaobs asortimentis gafarToebaze da es procesi, momavalSic aqtiurad gagrZeldeba. „nikoras“ savaWro qseli erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli da mravalricxovania qarTul bazarze. Cveni maRaziebi aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela did qalaqSia warmodgenili. Tumca, gafarToebas ganvagrZobT da „nikoras“, momavalSi, yvela qalaqSi, ubansa Tu ojaxSi ixilavT“, - acxadebs ss „nikoras“ generaluri direqtori irakli boqoliSvili.

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„saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ cnobari

cxeli xazi: `saqarTvelos rkinigza“ www.railway.ge sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisa da rebrendingis samsaxuri: tel.: 2 219 95 73 `saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ komerciuli departamenti: tel.: 2 19 90 67 satvirto@railway.ge internet-bileTebi: www.tickets.railway.ge mgzavrobasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri saxis informaciis misaRebad, darekeT 24-saaTian sainformacio samsaxuris nomerze: tel.: 1331; 2 19 90 10

`saqarTvelos rkinigzis“ cxel xazze da 1331-ze dakavSireba SeuZlia yvela qselis abonents - rogorc mobiluridan, aseve qalaqis nomrebidan. operatorebi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi pasuxoben mgzavrobasTan dakavSirebul nebismieri saxis SekiTxvas.

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rkinigzis vagzlebi Tbilisis mgzavrTa servis-centri mis.: q. Tbilisi, vagzlis moednis 2 `Tbilisi sakvanZo“ q. Tbilisi, moskovis prospeqtis 2 goris mgzavrTa servis-centri q. gori, gorijvris 19 xaSuris mgzavrTa servis-centri q. xaSuri, kostavas 10 zestafonis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. zestafoni, aRmaSeneblis 2 quTaisis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. quTaisi, sadguris 5 samtrediis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. samtredia, Tamar mefis 3 senakis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. senaki, WavWavaZis 70 foTis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. foTi, rekvavas 1 zugdidis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. zugdidi, qujis 3 ozurgeTis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. ozurgeTi, v. doliZis 16 qobuleTis mgzavrTa servis-centri q. qobuleTi, m. abaSiZis 1

informacia mgzavrebisaTvis bileTebi iyideba gamgzavrebamde 40 dRiT adre. gauqmebulia dajavSnis sistema da yvela bileTi Tavisufal gayidvaSia. samgzavro bileTebis SeZena SesaZleblia rogorc sabileTo salaroebSi, aseve swrafi gadaxdis aparatebis - `fei boqsis“, saerTaSoriso gadaxdebis sistema `unifeisa“ da internetis (www.railway.ge) meSveobiT. `saqarTvelos rkinigza“, umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebs, saqarTveloSi yvela mimarTulebiT moZrav samgzavro matareblebze 50%-ian fasdaklebas sTavazobs. samgzavro SeRavaTebi vrceldeba yvela kategoriis vagoniT mgzavrobaze, garda Ramis aramodernizebuli plackartisa da dRis mesame klasis modernizebuli (savarZliani da sabargo ganyofilebiani) vagonebiT mgzavrobisa. mgzavrTa calkeuli jgufebis (10 adamiani da meti) gadayvanis momsaxureba xorcieldeba winaswari ganacxadis safuZvelze. garda amisa, mgzavrs ufleba aqvs daabrunos gamouyenebeli samgzavro bileTi da miiRos: bileTis mTliani safasuri matareblis gasvlamde ara ugvianes 15 saaTisa; bileTis safasuris 85% - matareblis gasvlamde 15-dan oTx saaTamde droSi; bileTis safasuris 70% - matareblis gasvlamde oTx saaTze nakleb droSi. bileTebis dabruneba SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu matareblis gasvlis momentidan gasulia ara umetes sami saaTi.

maxinjauris mgzavrTa servis-centri daba maxinjauri, Tbilisis gamziri

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მიკროსაფინანსო ორგანიზაცია „კრისტალი“ ერთ-ერთი წამყვანი ქართული ფინანსური კომპანიაა, რომელიც მცირე სესხების გაცემის გზით ხელს უწყობს მიკრო და მცირე ბიზნესის განვითარებას საქართველოში. კრისტალის მიერ ქ. ქუთაისში 1998 წელს 10,000 დოლარით დაწყებულმა საქმიანობამ წლების განმავლობაში შთამბეჭდავ შედეგებს მიაღწია. 2013

წლის ივლისის მდგომარეობით, გაცემული სესხები შეადგენს 35 მილიონ ლარს, მსესხებლების ოდენობა - 22 ათასს, ხოლო ფილიალები განთავსებულია თითქმის მთელი ქვეყნის მასშტაბით. კომპანიაში ამ ეტაპზე დასაქმებულია 250 პროფესიონალი კადრი. დაინტერესებულ პირებს „კრისტალი“ თავაზობს მომსახურების ფართე სპექტრს: მიკრო-სესხები 50,000 ლარამდე როგორც ბიზნესის, ასევე სამომხ-

მარებლო საჭიროებისთვის; სწრაფი ფულადი გზავნილები, ვალუტის გაცვლა, კომუნალური გადახდები და ა.შ. „კრისტალი“ ძირითადად ემსახურება რეგიონებში მცხოვრებ მოსახლეობას. სესხების 60% გაცემულია სოფლად. ფინანსდება როგორც არსებული ბიზნესის გაფართოება, ასევე დამწყები მეწარმეები. სესხები გაიცემა ლარში ან დოლარში, მაქსიმუმ 5 წლის ვადით.

„კრისტალი“ გთავაზობთ: სესხები ნებისმიერი საჭიროებისთვის დამწყები ბიზნესის დაფინანსება სოფლის მეურნეობის დაფინანსება უგირავნო სესხები 15,000 ლარამდე

შემოსავლებზე მორგებული გადახდის გრაფიკი სესხის პროცენტი 1.5% - 3% თვეში მინიმალური დოკუმენტაცია სესხის გაცემა 1 დღეში

კლიენტი უპირველეს ყოვლისა „კრისტალი“ არის პირველი ქართული მიკროსაფინანსო ორგანიზაცია, რომელიც 2009 წლიდან შეუერთდა კლიენტთა უფლებების დაცვის საერთაშორისო SMART კამპანიას. ორგანიზაციას მიღებული აქვს მრავალი საერთაშიროსო ჯილდო და აღიარება გამჭვირვალების მაღალ სტანდარტებსა და სოციალურ პასუხისმგებლობაზე.

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რკინიგზა და რკინიგზელები / სიახლეები