UAC Magazine - July/August 2015 by Georgia Urban Ag Council

URBAN AG COUNCIL MAGAZINE GEORGIA

Keeping Georgia’s green industry informed

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

JULY/AUGUST 2015

Advocate. Educate. Promote.1

$500 REBATE

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

on select models

Find your closest exmark dealer:

www.exmark.com

UAC Magazine Official publication of the Georgia Urban Agriculture Council

Board of Directors Dixie Speck, President Solterra Landscape Todd Jarrett Arbor Hill Nurseries Ken Morrow Sod Atlanta Chris Nelson Chattahoochee Nature Center Bob Scott Irrigation Consultant Services Ray Wiedman Outdoor Expressions Ron White TurfPride Tony Gibson, Past President Gibson Landscape Services

Ex Officio Ellen Bauske UGA Extension Public Service Assistant Bodie Pennisi UGA Extension Horticulturist Clint Waltz UGA Extension Turf Agronomist

Staff Mary Kay Woodworth Executive Director Kathy Gatten Johnson Marketing Director & Editor

A member of:

GEORGIA

JULY/AUGUST 2015

UAC NEWS

4 6 8 9 10 12

President/Executive Director message What did you miss? UAC dinner at Topiary Courtyard UAC Safety Zone Awards Meet the winners UAC Safety School Log in and start creating a culture of safety UAC Professional Landscape Awards Program gets makeover SEED sponsorship opportunities New levels, pricing, and benefits

BUSINESS 26 30 32 34

Independent contractor agreements Choose words carefully Computer-generated design How to buy the right software Seven steps to manage poor performers Removing the guesswork Ethanol and small engines An education on fuel usage

INDUSTRY 40 42 43 44 48

Sine Die Urban ag interests score victories under the Gold Dome Georgia Agriculture Sales Tax Exemption OSHA-approved chainsaw safety training Climate change Funding debate stirs more skepticism over research SNA 2015 Speaker cast revealed; discount for UAC members

URBAN AG

50 52 56 61 62

Smart irrigation Technologies that use water efficiently The latest in fittings Speeding up your irrigation projects What you need to know about pavers Answers to FAQs Pro project Solving a drainage issue Controlling adult mosquitoes Start by controlling their habitat

IN EVERY ISSUE

14 16 18 20 22 24 25

Save the date Have you met...Lawrence Strickland, Vermeer Southeast Pest 411 Millipedes and centipedes Me & my mentor Putting technology to work for you Safety works Struck-by hazards What the tech? Simplicity matters Health & benefits Affordable Care Act and small companies

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;˘ JULY/AUGUST 2015

Atlanta Botanical Garden Georgia Agribusiness Council Georgia Arborist Association Georgia Association of Water Professionals Georgia Green Industry Association Georgia Urban Forest Council Georgia Water Alliance PLANET Southeastern Horticultural Society

URBAN AG COUNCIL MAGAZINE

UAC NEWS

Dear UAC Members and Supporters,

Dixie Speck President

Got technology? Software and other technology resources for the landscaping industry have been slowly growing and becoming more affordable, but how do we keep up with what is available with our very busy schedules? To help our members with this challenge, UAC includes tech articles in this magazine and plans tech topics for future Lunch + Learn sessions. This information definitely helps with the challenges of managing all aspects of our businesses and increased net profits! Be sure to watch for event announcements to stay informed on this very important topic.

There are always legislative issues that directly affect our industry. Bryan Tolar of the Georgia Agribusiness Council, along with our own Mary Kay Woodworth, have worked tirelessly on many issues, including protecting our businesses from bans on irrigation, and this fight continues year after year. Read Bryan’s summary of the most recent legislative session on page 40.

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times… it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us.”

•

~ Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

During the first two quarters of 2015 we’ve seen many positives in Georgia: new construction (residential and commercial), improving economy, low unemployment rate, abundant rainfall, moderate weather. On paper, these positives should imply that your businesses are growing and your profits are increasing. Congratulations to all of you who can 100% confirm that to be the case!

The #1 issue: consumers who exacerbate the problem by hiring companies who operate “under the radar” and drive prices down.

Yes, no typos here. All of these are the #1 issue. “How do we correct this?” “What’s the plan?”

You might think it odd to quote Dickens when writing a letter to members of this industry, but from the calls I’ve received the last few months and the business owners I’ve met with, the uncertainty inherent in these words resonates. Mary Kay Woodworth Executive Director

UAC dinner meetings will start back up in August. So, I wish all of you an enjoyable and productive summer and look forward to seeing you again in August!

“Mary Kay, what can UAC do to stop this?”

These are the questions our members ask, and this is what we, as an association advocating for your businesses, and you, as business owners and employees, must address. Here’s what we can do:

recruit your colleagues who are not Proactively member of UAC to join so that we can UNIFY the industry and fight these issues.

a stand and determine a course of action Take to communicate to the industry and consumers that we will not tolerate these practices.

self-reflection. Are you contributing to Dothe some problem?

What I am hearing across the board – from small companies to large – is that despite these positives, frustrations are growing, as some of the elements necessary for growth and profitability are missing. • The #1 issue: no new labor force. • The #1 issue: this industry is cannibalizing itself to find labor. • The #1 issue: companies are resorting to unethical/illegal practices to attract labor.

This summer the UAC board will be reviewing our strategic plan and determining a course for 2015 and beyond, with the goal of greater relevance and return on investment to our members. Help us by filling out a survey and participating. Please contact me to get involved. We are in this together, for the long haul. Let’s make it a successful long haul!

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

UAC NEWS

WHAT DID YOU MISS? Sponsored by

UAC Networking + Education Dinner

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Topiary Courtyard | April 28, 2015

Conifers in the Southern Landscape

Creating Green Arches

Unique colors, textures, and forms

Hands-on demo using two columnar plants

Tom Cox Cox Arboretum and Gardens, Canton GA coxgardens.com

Shannon Pable Shannon’s Garden Gallery scpable@gmail.com ShannonPable.com

NG Turf, Inc.

(770) 832-8608

Sod Atlanta, Inc.

(770) 382-7284

Sumter Sod, LLC

(229) 931-0500

The Sod Source

(800) 658-9324

Tifton Turf Farms, Inc.

(229) 386-8061

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

To order certified Zeon Zoysiagrass for your property, please contact one of these licensed Zeon growers here in Georgia.

UAC NEWS Arbor-Nomics Turf

awards earned Health

“Our company is committed to safety through training and incentive that is emphasized over all other facets of business. Safety training is part of our weekly meetings at every location of our operations. Safety training includes all Safety School topics that apply to our field. A defensive driving tip is also covered on a weekly basis. Monthly testing is required with a required minimum score of 80%. Bi-annual testing From left: UAC Safety Committee members Kat includes incentives for perfect scoring on those Barrios and Dixie Speck with Ward Frost from tests. In the field, safety training is a large part Arbor-Nomics Turf of our focus with new employee and equipment training. Daily and weekly vehicle inspections are conducted by branch operations managers. Accident and injury reporting procedures along with return-to-work criteria are required. The UAC Safety Zone program has been fully implemented into our day-to-day operations and has made a remarkable difference in our approach to the importance of safety in our business operations. Working as a team with UAC has benefited our company in many ways and created a safer environment for all of our employees.” ~ Ward Frost

Health Lost Time Vehicle Safety Safety First

Classic Landscapes “This is our third year in a row to accept the honor of receiving multiple Safety Zone awards from UAC and we couldn’t be prouder of our team for taking this seriously.”

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

From left: Wesley Aldana, John Newman, Jesus Vera, Josh Cash, Matt Daniel, Joey Wittman, and Travis Warner from Classic Landscapes

Vehicle Safety

~ John Newman

Solterra Landscape “Since participating in the UAC Safety Zone Awards program for the past few years, we have received several Safety Zone certificates and a very nice plaque that we display so our employees can be aware and proud of their accomplishments. These awards also serve as a daily reminder of the importance of thinking and operating safely and makes that important first impression on new employees.” From left: UAC Safety Committee members Kat Barrios and Dixie Speck present award to Russ Chism from Solterra Landscape

~ Dixie Speck

UAC NEWS

UAC Safety School

FREE to UAC business-level members!

Log in and start creating a culture of safety Your email address and the password from the old UAC website will still work. If you can’t remember your password, click “Forgot your password?” to reset. If you don’t know what email is attached to your membership, contact the UAC office.

Click here and select “Visit UAC Safety School” from the list.

Scroll through the pages or click on any label to search for a specific topic.

2 Locations and Growing!

For the Professional Landscape Trade - Southeast Region

Branch 42 - Marietta | Atlanta

Branch 40 - Dearing | Augusta

770-578-4599 • Marietta@MNIDirect.com

770-578-9583 ext. 280 • Dearing@MNIDirect.com

Monday - Friday 7:00 am - 4:30 pm 661 South Cobb Drive, Marietta, GA 30060

Monday - Friday 7:00 am - 4:30 pm 4904 Luckey’s Bridge Road SE, Dearing, GA 30808

A quick 6 minutes from I-75, only 4 miles! Directions from the South: Take Delk Rd Exit toward Franklin Rd SE. Continue to follow GA 280 S. Destination is on the left.

Just 40 minutes West of Augusta.

www.MNIDirect.com • 844-578-4599 • info@MNIDirect.com 2014_03_MNID_UAC_1-2pg.indd 1

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Pick up and delivery! Conveniently located!

Container Shrubs • Container Trees • B&B Trees • Groundcovers • Perennials • Barks • Soils • Pine Straw • Drainage

9 1/20/15 1:43 PM

UAC NEWS Start planning your entries now!

UAC Professional Landscape Awards Long-respected program gets a makeover

The tradition started with the Metro Atlanta Landscape and Turf Association, then continued with the Georgia Urban Ag Council. For over 20 years, we have celebrated the excellence of our members by showcasing their projects. Now it’s time to kick everything up a notch. Starting this year, UAC’s landscape awards program is going to be bigger and better: Regional judges  Awards ceremony and banquet at Piedmont Park  Expanded media coverage of winners (magazine, radio, online)  Grand winners featured on UAC’s home page for one year  Expanded entry window (projects can be up to five years old) 

Timeline

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Entries due....................................... December 11, 2015 (early bird deadline November 20) Judging of entries............................. Mid-January 2016 Awards ceremony and banquet.......... February 23, 2016

Timeless GRASSES

Fantastic PRODUCTS Soil3 sold in a BigYellowBag hh Bulkhorganichcomposthforhamendingh soilshwhenhcreatinghbedsh&hlawns. hh Soil3himproveshsoilhstructurehandh addshnutrientsh&hbeneficialhbacteria.

Drivable Grass hh Ahpermeablehandhplantablehh concretehpavementhsystem.

Z O Y SI A

hh It’shdesignedhtohflexhandhconformh -hithdoesn’thcrackhandhbreakhlikeh rigidhpavershorhpophuphandhwearh likehplastichpaving.

Allett Reel Mowers hh Professionalhreelhmowershwithh interchangeablehmowinghandh lawn-carehcartridges.

Unparalleled SUPPORT hh Morehlocationshthanhanyone.

1-888-360-1125 Forest Park Atlanta Farmers Market 16 Forest Parkway, Shed 39 404-363-1932

Marietta 5058 Canton Rd. NE 770-516-3255

hh Fullhtruckhloadshandhsmallhquantitieshdelivered.h

hh RequesthahFreehQuotehonhsupersod.com

Gwinnett / Lawrenceville 609 Airport Rd. 770-277-7745

Ft. Valley / Perry 287 Sod Farm Rd. 478-987-0776

Valdosta 3983 Inner Perimeter Rd. 229-247-6242

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

hh Cutshlikehscissorshforhahcleaner,h betterhcuthandhreduceshh waterhloss.

UAC NEWS

SEED sponsorship opportunities

New levels, pricing, & benefits for 2015!

support | energize | enable | develop

seed

SEED sponsorships offer our members an additional opportunity to promote their businesses and support UAC at a level beyond the membership dues. This is an annually renewable program, beginning on the contribution date.

support | energize | enable | develop

URBAN AG COUNCIL

Available to current UAC business-level members only.

GEORGIA

Sponsorship levels and benefits

Contribution

DIAMOND $3000 Company name and logo will appear on UAC printed materials, the UAC website (with link to your website), and graphics at UAC-sponsored events; choice of three full-page color interior ads in UAC Magazine OR web banner ad for six months on UAC website (your choice of issues/months). Total maximum value of additional benefits: $1500. TITANIUM $2000 Company name and logo will appear on UAC printed materials, the UAC website (with link to your website), and graphics at UAC-sponsored events; choice of two full-page color interior ad in UAC Magazine OR web banner ad for four months on UAC website (your choice of issues/months). Total maximum value of additional benefits: $1000. PLATINUM $1000 Company name listed on UAC printed materials, the UAC website (with link to your website), and graphics at UAC-sponsored events; choice of one full-page color interior ad in UAC Magazine OR web banner ad for two months on UAC website (your choice of issue/months). Total maximum value of additional benefits: $500

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

GOLD $500 Company name listed on UAC printed materials, the UAC website (with link to your website), and graphics at UAC-sponsored events; one month web banner ad on UAC website (your choice of month). Total maximum value of additional benefits: $250. SILVER Company name listed on all UAC printed materials, the UAC website (with link to your website), and graphics at UAC-sponsored events.

$250

BRONZE Company name listed on UAC printed materials and the UAC website (with link to your website).

$100

Thank you to all of our SEED Sponsors! Diamond tree_logotypeUpdateGENERIC.pdf

Platinum C

9:40:37 PM

Buck Jones Nursery

Gold

Envisor Consulting | MNI Direct | NatureScapes Solterra Landscapes | Topiary Courtyard

Plants • Sod • Landscape Supplies

CMY

3/3/08

Grayson, GA Location 770-963-8227 Woodstock, GA Location 770-345-5506 Matthews, GA Farm 800-854-3646 – Wholesale only www.buckjones.com

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

SAVE THE DATE

JUL

Visit urbanagcouncil.com for updates and to register.

lunch + learn I N D U S T R Y I

JUL

21-23

Technology Acceleration: Improve Your Bottom Line DATE: Wednesday, July 15 TIME: 11:00 am - 1:00 pm PLACE: W.S. Pharr/Snellings Walters | 1117 Perimeter Center West

COST:

West Lobby | W101 | Atlanta, GA 30338 UAC members: $20/Visitors: $25 - includes lunch

SNA 2015 DATES: Tuesday, July 21 - Thursday, July 23 PLACE: Georgia International Convention Center | Atlanta, GA Registration discount for UAC members! Details on page 48.

MEET > GREET >>

AUG

DATE: Tuesday, August 4 TIME: 6:00 dinner + presentation PLACE: Savannah, GA | Visit urbanagcouncil.com for location

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

AUG

UAC networking/education dinner

Industry Issues Panel Discussion: Human Resources, Law & Health Care

SEP

UAC/UGA OSHA-approved workshop: Chainsaw and Ladder Safety

DATE: Tuesday, August 25 TIME: 5:30 pm networking | 6:30 dinner + presentation PLACE: Heritage Sandy Springs | 6110 Blue Stone Road NE | Atlanta, GA 30328

DATE: Tuesday, September 1 TIME: 9:00 am - 2:00 pm (lunch included) PLACE: Coastal Georgia Botanical Gardens | Savannah, GA ISA credits applied for.

SEP

lunch + learn I N D U S T R Y I

Workers’ Comp Fraud Prevention Strategies Proactively manage...or leave to chance?

DATE: Wednesday, September 16 TIME: 11:00 am - 1:00 pm PLACE: W.S. Pharr/Snellings Walters | 1117 Perimeter Center West

COST:

West Lobby | W101 | Atlanta, GA 30338 UAC members: $20/Visitors: $25 - includes lunch

SAVE THE DATE

Visit urbanagcouncil.com for updates and to register.

UAC networking/education dinner: Dinner with Champions

SEP

Sponsored by NG Turf

DATE: Tuesday, September 22 TIME: 5:30 pm networking | 6:30 dinner + presentation PLACE: Heritage Sandy Springs | 6110 Blue Stone Road NE | Atlanta, GA 30328

UAC Georgia Sod & Turf Producers Field Day

OCT

27-28

DATES: Tuesday, October 27 & Wednesday, October 28 PLACE: Perry, GA

3rd Annual UAC Sporting Clays Tournament

NOV

DATE: Friday, November 6 PLACE: Blalock Lakes | Newnan, GA

UAC EDGE Expo Educational Conference

DEC

9-10

DATES: Wednesday, December 9 & Thursday, December 10 PLACE: Gwinnett Center | Duluth, GA

Everything you need to maintain the best turf possible.

Bud Brown 678-274-8079 bbrown@residex.com

Ike Faulkenberry 770-710-2843 ifaulkenberry@residex.com

Georgia’s exclusive distributor of Turf Fuel Premium Plant Nutrition.

Gary Gibson 678-371-0130 ggibson@residex.com

Manage your account online at www.residex.com.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Same Team, New Home We would like to introduce the TURFGRASS team, a division of Residex serving Georgia’s T&O markets. Bud, Ike and Gary will continue to provide the same outstanding level of service and product offerings as always. We look forward to the road ahead, and welcome the opportunity to grow.

SAVE HAVE THE YOUDATE MET

Lawrence Strickland Vermeer Southeast

The biggest challenge in my career has been... balance of schedule between work and family. I love what I do so I have to make sure I don’t let work interfere with valued family time.

The people who have influenced my career are...all

my peers at Vermeer Southeast. They’re all wonderful people and have a deep heart for what we do.

Lawrence Strickland

Address: 1320 Gresham Road

Marietta, GA 30062 Phone: 678.340.9444 Email: lawrencestrickland@ vermeersoutheast.com Web: vermeersoutheast.com

My biggest career success so far has been...the day I

started with Vermeer Southeast!

If I had it to do over again, I would...not

change a thing. I have no complaints and love my family and friends.

The thing I like most about my career is....the constant challenge to meet customer

demands and support the industries that I currently work with. It feels great day-to-day to deliver a quality product that helps companies be effective in their marketplace.

One piece of advice I would give to someone entering the green industry today is...be involved in the associations.

There is so much to know and learn in this industry and you can create friendships that will last a lifetime.

The one thing most responsible for my success is...faith. If I could change careers, just for a month, I would...play golf on the PGA Tour. One thing most people don’t know about me is...Luke Bryan (country singer)

and I lived together and were fraternity brothers in college.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

When I’m not working, I like to..

spend time with my family. I love watching my nine year-old son play travel baseball and go shopping with my 15 year-old daughter. My wife and I enjoy getting out on occasion for a nice dinner when time allows! Our kids keep us busy….. From left: Lawrence, McKenzie, Kellee, and Tate Strickland

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

PEST 411

Millipedes and centipedes ID, life cycle, and control

Original document produced by Dr. Beverly Sparks; revised by Elmer W. Gray, Extension Entomologist

Millipedes and centipedes are not insects. They are

Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org

Millipedes are not poisonous, but many species have glands capable of producing irritating fluids that may cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

actually more closely related to lobsters, crayfish and shrimp. However, unlike their marine cousins, millipedes and centipedes are land dwellers. They are most often found in moist habitats or areas with high humidity.

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;˘ JULY/AUGUST 2015

Millipedes and centipedes do not carry diseases that affect people, animals or plants. Millipedes do occasionally damage seedling plants by feeding on stems and leaves, and may enter homes in large numbers during periods of migration and become a considerable nuisance.

Millipedes do not cause damage inside the home, although they may leave a stain if they are crushed. Centipedes, which have poison glands and can bite, pose an occasional threat to humans.

Description

Millipedes are often called 1,000-legged worms or rain worms. They are wormlike, with rounded body segments that each bear two pairs of legs. The head is rounded with short antennae. Species can vary in length from less than 1 to 2 or more inches. They are light brown to black in color.

Millipedes are not poisonous, but many species have glands capable of producing irritating fluids that may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. The defensive sprays of some millipedes contain hydrochloric acid that can chemically burn the skin and cause long-term skin discoloration. The fluid can also be dangerous to the eyes. It is not advisable to handle millipedes with your bare hands. Persons handling millipedes may notice a lingering odor on their hands. After contact with millipedes, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water until the odor is gone. The solvents ether or alcohol will also help remove the noxious fluid. Centipedes are often called 100-legged worms and have one pair of legs on each of their body segments. All centipede species are more or less wormlike and have a flattened body with a distinct head that bears a pair of long antennae. Jaws containing poison glands are located on the first body segment immediately behind the head. Depending on the species, centipedes can vary in length from 1 to 12 or more inches when mature. The most common centipede species found in Georgia are less than 5 inches long. Centipedes vary in color from light yellow to dark brown and reddish brown. Most centipede species feed on small creatures such as insects. They catch their prey with their powerful jaws and then kill it by injecting it with venom. Occasionally, humans may be bitten by centipedes, but the poison usually produces a moderate reaction similar to a bee sting. People who are allergic to insect venoms and other toxins may suffer severe reactions to centipede venom. Most centipede bites are uncomplicated and self liming. Treatment recommendations include washing the bite site with soap and water, applying ice or cool wet dressings and taking analgesics for pain.

PEST 411

Life cycle and habits

Most millipedes are scavengers and feed primarily on decaying vegetation and leaf litter, although some species attack roots of living plants. Millipedes spend most of their lives in the soil where they also overwinter. In the spring, millipedes lay between 20 and 300 eggs in the soil. The eggs hatch in several weeks. Young millipedes have only the first three pairs of legs and no more than seven segments. With each molt, they add additional segments and legs until they reach sexual maturity â&#x20AC;&#x201D; usually in two to five years, depending on the species. Centipedes are found in a variety of habitats, but prefer dark, moist, protected areas such as under stones, rotted logs, leaves and bark. They overwinter as adults and lay eggs in the soil during the spring and summer. Development is slow, with some species developing through as many as 10 instars, or molts. A few species give birth to living young. Centipedes are relatively long-lived; some species have been known to live up to six years. The house centipede, Scutigera coleoptrata, is the only species capable of reproducing in homes and is often seen in and around homes where dampness occurs. The house centipede is active at night, moving about in search of cockroaches and other insects. Although centipedes rarely bite, are seldom dangerous and are beneficial because they destroy other insects, most people have an aversion to their presence inside their homes.

The first and most important step in controlling millipedes and centipedes is removing or eliminating objects that provide hiding places for the pest outside the home. Eliminate trash piles, rocks, boards, leaf piles, compost piles and similar materials from the immediate vicinity around the outside of the home. Secondly, physically exclude millipedes and centipedes from entering the home where possible. Make sure doors and windows fit tightly and caulk cracks and crevices that permit their entry to the inside. If millipedes

Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org

Occasionally, humans may be bitten by centipedes, but the poison usually produces a moderate reaction similar to a bee sting.

Pesticide may also be applied to mulched flower beds and heavily thatched turf areas where millipedes Gary Alpert, Harvard University, Bugwood.org may be living. Include these areas in The house centipede, Scutigera coleoptrata, is the only species capable of reproducing in a treatment program homes and is often seen in and around homes during periods when where dampness occurs. millipedes are found inside the home in large numbers. Repeated applications may be necessary to maintain control during periods of heavy millipede migration. Use products approved for in-home use to treat cracks and crevices along baseboards and other areas where centipedes and millipedes may hide. Contact sprays may be applied directly to millipedes and centipedes for quick control when they are found inside the home. Follow all pesticide label instructions closely for safe and effective use, particularly in the home.

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;˘ JULY/AUGUST 2015

Control

or centipedes occur in great numbers or are creating problems, applying pesticide around the building foundation and around doors and windows will provide temporary control. Refer to the current Georgia Pest Management Handbook for the latest recommendations concerning insecticides and pesticides.

ME & MY MENTOR

Putting technology to work for you

How the cloud can help you grow your business by Matt Lowe, Swift Straw

Q: I keep reading about technology solutions but I don’t know where to start...or if it will even make a difference for my company. Can technology really improve my bottom line? I understand. There’s so much information out there and technology changes so fast, it can be hard to know what to do. I entered the green industry in Fall 2011 when I started a pinestraw business. As I worked to grow my business I soon came to the conclusion that the most important piece of technology for any green industry company is a cloudbased operating system. You may have heard this called an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. Many other industries are using ERP systems in their operations, but the green industry has never been able to effectively establish these systems because of the prohibitive cost. In 2013, out of sheer frustration, my team and I set out to build our own system to provide solutions to common challenges. Here are some of the challenges we addressed and what has worked for us.

Challenge: Labor costs are increasing every year and the prices we charge our customers are either stable or trending downward.

Solution: (Profitability): The only solution for rising labor costs is increased profitability. This can only be accomplished by having what we call “Full Profitability Transparency,” which means putting profitability in a fish bowl. This is a forwardlooking approach that provides transparency before, during, and after each job or visit. It also provides profitability per day, week, quarter, and also per customer, crew, location, service type, etc. To fight rising labor costs, increase your margins through forward-looking profitability planning and awareness.

Challenge: Conventional paper processing requires timely duplicate data entry and lost or illegible paperwork.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Matt Lowe co-founded Swift Straw II, LLC in October 2011, serving as

Chief Executive Officer. His vision and leadership has elevated Swift Straw to the single largest pine straw installer and distributor in the United States in three short years. Swift Straw’s unprecedented success is due in large part to Lowe’s sophisticated approach to customer service. This approach, encompassing much more than pine straw, allows the team to assist clients in a collaborative way to not only lower their costs but decrease their management burden with effective communication and problem solving. With Lowe at the helm, Swift Straw has sold over 15 million bales of pine straw and related ground cover solution services since inception. Prior to co-founding Swift Straw, Mr. Lowe co-founded Equity Resource Partners IV, a real estate investment group which has acquired and disposed over $300 million in assets since 2007. P: 770.373.4593 E: mlowe@swiftstraw.com W: swiftstraw.com

An Atlanta native, Lowe and his wife Callie reside in Smyrna with their one-year-old daughter Liza. In his free time, he enjoys hunting and fishing in Southwest Georgia.

ME & MY MENTOR

Solution: (Integration):

Solution: (Automation):

The solution for conventional paper processes is to slowly replace them with a cloud-based system. A good cloud-based operating solution can be accessed by anyone in your company from any device and the information integrates into QuickBooks. This means that all of the information required to complete a transaction is entered into the system one time and can be accessed by everyone in the organization who needs it. Once approved, it integrates into QuickBooks with no more data entry required. Eliminating unnecessary tasks such as duplicate data entry can help reduce overall labor costs by making everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time more efficient.

The solution for multiple communication steps is automation. A cloud-based operating system allows you to pass information along to your customers, vendors, employees and subs by allowing you to create custom email templates, work order forms, invoices, approvals, job reminders, purchase orders, etc., and then send them through automated email. This eliminates countless hours of fragmented and duplicated communication efforts which can help reduce overall labor costs. In addition to these solutions, a good cloud-based operating system will cover estimates, proposals, routing, expense/labor tracking, invoicing, and inventory tracking.

Challenge: Conducting business without an operating system requires multiple communication steps that are fragmented and difficult to track.

Since implementing SingleOps (www.singleops. com) in mid-2013, we have nearly doubled the size of our business and our gross margins are at an all-time high. Technology, surrounded with growth-oriented people and a culture of innovation, can help move mountains.

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;˘ JULY/AUGUST 2015

SAFETY WORKS

Struck-by hazards

One of OSHA’s Focus Four by Lee Lyner, Risk Management Partners, for W.S. Pharr & Co.

Struck-by incidents happen all too often on our job sites. Struck by-injuries occur when a worker comes into forcible contact with a flying, falling, swinging or rolling object. OSHA has struck by on their list as one of their “Focus Four,” the four main safety hazards that account for 57% of all fatalities on construction sites. This article will cover this second-highest cause of fatalities among workers.

2007 struck-by statistics Source: OSHA

• Total deaths from struck-by cases was 504 • Deaths in construction: 311 • Approximately 26%

of deaths in

construction are from struck-by accidents

• Approximately

10% of all occupational

deaths are from struck-by accidents

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Falling objects

A struck-by incident could happen at any time during the work day. If your worksite requires a hard hat, be sure that you and your employees don the hard hat before entering the site. In Jersey City, NJ late last year an accident occurred where a man was killed by a one-pound tape measure. The man was delivering sheetrock to a construction site, and had a hard hat in his truck but had not yet put it on. He stopped to talk to some workers at another worker’s truck. Meanwhile, a worker on the 50th floor had a tape measure that became dislodged from his belt. The tape measure fell, struck equipment about 10 to 15 feet from the ground, then ricocheted and struck the worker in the head. He was taken to the hospital and died an hour later. Most of the time your worksite will not be in a construction zone, but when it does you must

make sure that your workers are aware of the hazard and take precautions. One potentially hazardous activity is scaffolding when masonry or similar work is being performed. Brick or other materials could easily strike a worker on the ground below. The area below the scaffolding should be properly taped off to make sure that everyone is aware of the danger of falling objects. Also make sure that you are using toe boards when required. Other times to use caution is when any material is lifted into the air with either a forklift or crane. This equipment can handle many loads, including steel beams and/or pallets of material such as rock. These materials can become unstable due to weather conditions or poorly trained operators. Make sure your workers are aware of these hazards. When material is lifted at any height be sure to keep a safe distance. When working from a higher surface, your employees should store material properly to avoid falling hazards to the workforce or the public below.

Flying objects

It’s important to do a walk-around before mowing and/or operating a weed eater to detect any rocks, sticks, or other materials that could become projectile hazards. These hazards could strike another worker, the public, or even cause property damage; all are accidents that can be avoided by properly communicating what to look for when doing the walk-around. In the landscaping industry you do not work with nail guns often, but if you do have workers near nail guns, make sure that they are trained properly. Often the danger with nail guns is not with the person using the gun but with the workers nearby. The other common danger with nail guns is when the operator deactivates the safety mechanism to increase production. This must never be done and if found should be corrected immediately.

SAFETY WORKS

Objects on ground level

The equipment used on landscaping jobs can cause serious harm if safety is not a priority. Workers operating equipment need to pay attention to their surroundings at all times, and the same goes for workers in the vicinity. Equipment can quickly become a hazard. It can be extremely dangerous to work near traffic. When your workers are around any traffic, especially public traffic, have them wear highly visible clothing and place cones or other warning devices (physical barriers) in place to help keep them and everyone else safe. A great safety policy, if not in place already, would be to never let your workers work near traffic without proper barricades in place.

Chainsaw considerations

Chainsaws are used in our industry on a regular basis. A few safety tips to keep in mind: • Look for materials in trees that could cause a projectile hazard or a possible kick back. An example of this might include spikes or nails.

• • • • •

UGA is offering low-cost chainsaw safety training. Read more on page 43.

Turn chainsaw off when not in use. Keep both hands on the saw’s handles. Maintain secure footing at all times. Proper usage and wearing of the correct PPE is very important. Do not saw with the tip and if the saw comes with tip guards, keep them in place.

A lot of employers and workers are not aware that when using a chainsaw or similar equipment, not all safety boots provide the same protection. A composite toe safety boot will not protect against a direct blow from a chainsaw; the blade will cut into the composite toes. Steel toe safety boots, on the other hand, will deflect the blade and protect workers properly. Struck-by hazards are very dangerous and can be fatal, but these accidents are preventable. Train your workforce to be alert to these hazards and to plan tasks ahead. This way you will see your workers go home every day in the same safe condition as when they arrived. With the proper training maybe your workforce will carry some of that safety home with them also.

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WHAT THE TECH?

Simplicity matters Easy website fixes by The Manta Team

Crowded places tend to be loud, confusing and chaotic—often

causing people to scurry to a more orderly area. Websites are no different. If a site is overflowing with images, colors and giant blocks of unnecessary text, it obstructs customers’ views of whatever it is you really want them to pay attention to, and they end up lost in the frenzy. This creates uneasiness and stifles the desire to be there at all.

(Yes, less can really be more.) Good design is a well-balanced combination of images, copy and whitespace. Concise content and some breathing room between images and text create a welcoming online experience that invites action (a purchase, an email sign-up, etc.). With just mere seconds to grab their attention, be thoughtful about your approach and make it count.

   

Websites should be uncluttered, easy to navigate, and have a clear call to action. (Yes, less can really be more.)

Bad design is bad functionality, and that equals lost customers. Websites should be uncluttered, easy to navigate, and have a clear call to action.

Limit the color scheme. Use few fonts. Stay away from flashing graphics. Embrace whitespace. Even if you feel your site is in decent shape, have friends or family (or even customers) take a look with a fresh lens. Is it functional? Is it intuitive? Review similar sites in your industry and take note of trends. This will inevitably reveal shortcomings and inspire tweaks, and that’s okay. Whether it’s a couple of changes or the catalyst for further investigation about the value of a more robust overhaul, your business will benefit.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Weave the perfect mobile website

  

With all of the recent talk of Google’s latest algorithm change, it’s hard not to wonder (or worry) about whether or not your site is up to par. It also raises the questions of how to effectively optimize for mobile and who to trust to do the work?

A lot of people say they can design websites or claim to specialize in Search Engine Optimization (SEO), but it’s important to invest wisely and to not forgo due diligence before handing over the keys to your domain. Some simple tips for choosing a professional resource:

If they promise you the world—keep looking.

Ask for current and diverse group of work examples. (Be sure to review on multiple devices.) Request a list of current and past clients. When considering your ability to be found by potential customers, don’t take chances; hire a trusted professional. Having a site that plays nicely with mobile is paramount—your Google search ranking depends on it.

Manta is one of the largest online resources dedicated to small business. We deliver products, services and educational opportunities that are effective, easy to understand and geared to help business owners become more competitive in their respective industries. Are you a small business? Create your free company profile at manta.com.

HEALTH & BENEFITS

Affordable Care Act and small companies

How ACA affects employers with less than 50 employees Most employers have fewer than 50 full-time employees or full-time equivalent employees and are therefore not subject to the Affordable Care Act’s employer shared responsibility provision. If an employer has fewer than 50 full-time employees, including full-time equivalent employees, on average during the prior year, the employer is not an Applicable Large Employer (ALE) for the current calendar year. Therefore, the employer is not subject to the employer shared responsibility provisions or the employer information reporting provisions for the current year. Employers with 50 or fewer employees can purchase health insurance coverage for its employees through the Small Business Health Options Program - better known as the SHOP Marketplace. Calculating the number of employees is especially important for employers who have close to 50 employees or whose workforce fluctuates throughout the year.

certain information for individuals they cover. The first returns are due to be filed in 2016 for coverage provided during 2015.

Read more: IRS Health Care Tax Tip 2015-31: http://www.irs.gov/ Affordable-CareAct/Individualsand-Families/ Find-out-how-ACAaffects-Employerswith-fewer-than-fiftyEmployees

Kathy G. Johnson

Calculating the number of employees is especially important for employers who have close to 50 employees or whose workforce fluctuates throughout the year.

Employer shared responsibility provision: http://www.irs.gov/Affordable-Care-Act/ Employers/Employer-Shared-ResponsibilityProvisions Applicable Large Employer: www.irs.gov/Affordable-Care-Act/Employers/ Determining-if-an-Employer-is-an-ApplicableLarge-Employer

Employers who have fewer than 25 full-time equivalent employees with average annual wages of less than $50,000 may be eligible for the small business health care tax credit if they cover at least 50 percent of their full-time employees’ premium costs and generally, after 2013, if they purchase coverage through the SHOP.

Small business health care tax credit: http://www.irs.gov/uac/Small-Business-HealthCare-Tax-Credit-and-the-SHOP-Marketplace

All employers, regardless of size, who provide self-insured health coverage must file an annual information return reporting

SHOP Marketplace: http://apps.irs.gov/app/scripts/exit. jsp?dest=https://www.healthcare.gov/smallbusinesses/

Annual information return: http://www.irs.gov/Affordable-Care-Act/ Employers/Information-Reporting-byProviders-of-Minimum-Essential-Coverage

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

To determine its workforce size for a year an employer adds its total number of full-time employees for each month of the prior calendar year to the total number of full-time equivalent employees for each calendar month of the prior calendar year, and divides that total number by 12.

BUSINESS

Independent contractor agreements Choose your words carefully to manage risk by Lynn C. Stewart, Esq.

As discussed in the last issue,

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

the imprudent use of independent contractors can increase risk for your business. While we previously focused on the employment and tax implications of using independent A clearly worded Independent contractor labor Contractor Agreement, and training rather than hiring your supervisors not to assume direct employees, Georgia green businesses control over the manner in which should also remember subcontractors perform their work, that risk can arise can help your company minimize risk. in other areas, for example when third parties are injured as a result of the independent contractor’s negligent actions taken on your company’s behalf. A recent Georgia Court of Appeals case, Boatner v. Show Media, LLC highlights the problem caused by the lack of good contractual language and proper training of supervisors.

In Boatner, two motorcyclists were injured when they were struck by one of a fleet of Smart Cars being driven around Atlanta for three weeks as part of a media campaign (the rental cars were “wrapped” in advertising to promote the sale of cell phones). The company which was sued, Show Media, was hired by the cell phone provider, and in turn hired Limo Lounge, owned by Pedro Torre, to secure the Smart Cars and drivers. Show Media then sent its employee, Matthew Salmon, to Atlanta to supervise the project. The court opinion lists the various ways that Show Media (think of it as acting like a general contractor) supervised and controlled Limo Lounge/Torre (the subcontractor) and Torre’s drivers. Salmon/Show Media:

1) had an initial project meeting with Torre and the drivers; 2) instructed Torre and the drivers on the daily project “game plan”; 3) followed the drivers around for a portion of the work day to make sure they were performing as instructed; and 4) directed the drivers to return to work if they were found sitting around in the hotel parking lot job staging area instead of out driving. The injured motorcyclists sued Show Media (probably because Torre and the drivers had inadequate insurance and no other assets or money) under a legal doctrine called respondeat superior contending that Show Media was vicariously liable for the driver’s tortious (wrongful) actions which caused the Boatner’s injuries. In Georgia the general rule is that an employer is legally responsible (vicariously liable) for an employee’s actions performed in the course of his or her duties for the business (that is one reason why a business should always have sufficient general liability insurance). However an employer is not responsible when the tortfesor (the person who actually did the wrongful act) exercises an independent business and is not subject to the immediate direction and control of the business. If there is a lawsuit the facts about the relationship become extremely important – and this is where having a well written independent contractor agreement and good training for your supervisors is key to managing risk.

BUSINESS In Boatner there was apparently a poorly drafted written agreement with Limo Lounge/Torre (or maybe no agreement at all) so even though the drivers Torre hired for the three-week project were never on Show Media’s payroll there was a factual dispute as to how much Show Media really controlled what the subcontractor’s drivers did while working on the project. The trial court’s order found that Torre was the accidentcausing driver’s employer and responsible for hiring, supervising and paying for the driver. However, the appellate court looked at the facts based on the applicable Georgia law which it laid out in the case as follows: “The test for determining whether an employer is exercising a degree of control over an independent contractor’s work such that the law will deem the independent contractor to be a servant of that employer—thus making the employer vicariously liable for any wrongful acts committed by the contractor—is whether the contract gives, or the employer assumes, the right to control the time, manner, and method of the performance of the work, as distinguished from the right to merely require certain definite results in conformity with the contract. Put another way, the test is essentially whether the contractor has a bona fide existence apart from the employer or functions instead as the employer’s alter ego.”

What does this mean to you?

It often makes business sense for Georgia landscapers and other green companies to hire someone with a particular expertise for a particular aspect of a customer’s job (like Show Media hired Limo Lounge/Torres to provide cars and drivers). A clearly worded Independent Contractor Agreement, and training your supervisors not to assume direct control over the manner in which subcontractors perform their work, can help your company minimize risk.

Creating the agreement

When you use independent contractors (IC), either as an individual or as a subcontractor providing its own work crew you should have an Independent Contractor Agreement covering the general aspects of the type of work which the IC will typically provide. You can even have a master agreement and then issue separate proposals for each job to keep the paperwork down. Just remember that the IC is always responsible for how the work will be performed, and must be “free from your significant control or direction.” However you can, and should, always require the IC to meet the performance standards necessary for successful completion of the work and subject to the inspection and approval of your company, and the customer.

relationship should be in writing, Aandcontractual explicitly labelled as an Independent Contractor Agreement.

Unfortunately for Show Media’s presumed profitability on its three-week project the Georgia appellate court said that there was enough of a factual issue as to whether Salmon assumed the right to control the drivers to have the case sent back for further legal proceedings. Basically Show Media and the Boatners had to have a trial to present evidence so that the judge or jury could figure out the extent to which Show Media actually “instructed” the driver on the time, method and manner of her daily drive.

number or federal EIN.

the purpose of the agreement, Describe including the IC’s commitment that it/she has

the necessary skills, tools, personnel, equipment, materials and incidentals to perform the specific work required.

the work – which should specified Describe in the stand alone document or which can

be identified as individual, discrete work assignments spelled out in later Statements of

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Doto thenotIC.use the term “employee” when referring the IC’s full and correct legal name and Use address; and provide its/his social security

BUSINESS (SOS) or proposals, each of which will Clearly state that the IC is solely responsible Services be subject to a Master Agreement. for all employment-related obligations (state and federal income taxes and social security, the performance standards which the Describe workers compensation coverage, unemployment IC is required to meet so that your business can meet its contractual obligations to your customer.

insurance coverage); and will comply with all employment related laws such as minimum wage and overtime for the IC’s helpers and personnel.

performance details.

arbitration/litigation) in case there is dispute.

state that the IC is responsible for Clearly Provide a dispute resolution procedure (such as the means and methods of performance and  “decision makers talk first”, then mediation, then the IC is responsible for determining those how invoicing and payment for work Describe performed will occur. Do not describe the

process as “payroll” or receiving a “paycheck” or as “being paid an hourly salary.”

the term (length) of the agreement, Identify termination, and any notice requirements. state that the IC is an Independent Plainly Contractor, and is free to perform services for other companies, and will receive a year-end 1099.

require the IC to supply his/its own Specifically tools, supplies and equipment and be responsible for any business or travel expenses he/it incurs such as fuel.

the IC to carry and provide proof of Require insurance. List the amount and type of insurance required: general liability, automotive and workers compensation (and follow up to make sure the IC maintains insurance).

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an indemnification provision protecting Provide your company from losses and claims if the IC

fails to comply with the portions of the contract about responsibility for taxes, workers and insurance, or if an accident or injury occurs while the IC is performing services on your behalf.

that the IC is responsible for hiring, paying State and supervising her/its own personnel and will provide such personnel with safe working apparel.

the IC to obtain necessary permits Require and licenses to operate its/his business as well as perform the specific work called for in the contract or separate proposal.

Protecting yourself

If you take care to protect your company through use of an effective Independent Contractor Agreement, and abide by the terms of the contract, you can obtain the services you need to meet your own contractual obligations to your customer, and also provide protection from any claims of employee misclassification as well as job site incidents and third party liability claims. Remember that no contract, however well drafted, will prevent a lawsuit being pursued if your supervisors exercise real control over an IC and his crew and direct their daily work activities. Training your own employees in the risks of too much control is as important as using a welldrafted agreement. You may wish to consult with counsel experienced in this area who has familiarity with worker misclassification issues and experience drafting Independent Contractor Agreements and other contracts.

About the author

Lynn C. Stewart is a partner with Schreeder, Wheeler & Flint, LLP in Atlanta, practicing employment law and counseling, and construction and general business litigation. P: 404-954-9865 F: 404-681-1046 lstewart@swfllp.com

Michael Parker Group Beneﬁts Consultant 404.216.1108 mparker@snellingswalters.com Insurance programs administered by

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

BUSINESS

Computer-generated design

How to buy the right design software by Patty Vaughan

If you ask any landscaper, buying

Photo courtesy of PRO Landscape

Design software can come in both 2-D and 3-D photo imaging, as well as can be used on iPads and Android tablets for landscapers on the go.

design software is not always a fun, quick or simple task. In fact, buying design software for a business can be a long-term decision that can greatly affect daily productivity.

With a variety of landscape design software on the market, it can be difficult for landscapers to pick the right software. However, landscapers should be aware that the right software for one company might not be the best for another.

From drawing to digital

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One of the biggest challenges a landscaper can face is switching from hand-drawn designs to creating designs on a computer.

“I had drawn everything and 80 to 90 percent of my work was referrals,” says Matt Medlock, owner, 3D Outdoor Living. “I didn’t care too much about presentation.” However, Medlock’s business model began to change, because he wanted to grow his business. It became crucial that Medlock started focusing on advertising, marketing and, most of all, his presentation. “I found out in 2012 that I wanted to grow, and 60 percent of the projects that I was doing as an install company was someone else’s design,” Medlock says. “My hand drawing was close, but they had a computer-generated design that had nice lines and blue prints. I don’t have design formal education except for 25 years of experience.”

After learning one of his brick suppliers, Unilock, had a free demonstration disk of Uvision, Medlock took the plunge into learning design software. “After a year of having the free version, I made myself learn the software during the winter months,” Medlock says. “I purchased the full version to do a design on my house and one for a client. I sold the client project on my second visit. I was hooked.”

Suiting a need Because choosing the right software can be difficult, landscapers should determine specific needs to get started. “I really wanted something that I could exchange files with other disciplines with,” says Joe Hanauer, Vectorworks user, Landscaper of the Year finalist and owner of Landscape Architecture. “I really wanted something that I could get files from architect engineers and vice versa.” Before going and buying the first software on the shelf, like Medlock, Hanauer did his own demoing. “I probably spent about a year looking at it,” Hanauer says. “I demoed it, and I demoed a few others. I read about them. I talked to the sales person.” Changing software or starting new software is not always a simple process. Many software design programs are different and can be difficult to master in a short time. “You don’t want to go back and forth between programs, because this is really hard,” Hanauer says. “I did do a lot of research, and I made the decision.”

BUSINESS For Hanauer, it was something he had to purchase knowing it would take months to even get the basics down. “It’s nothing I would purchase today expecting that you are going to be up and using it tomorrow,” Hanauer says. “It’s going to take a good month of training before you are even comfortable with it and a couple months of using it to really feel like you can do it.” For those who need designs built on a computer, but are lacking the computer skills, Medlock says there are landscapers out there who can help. Through social media, other landscapers were able to see Medlock’s design. After a few communications, Medlock started doing 3D designs for others. “I’m excited about helping other contractors with the same experience that I had with a 3D design,” Medlock says. “Going from 2D to 3D is a whole different mindset. You actually have to build them and show them.”

Design software don’ts

When selecting the right software, it’s important for landscapers to not buy something that will only suite a company for one or two years.

“I was looking for CRM (customer relationship management) software for my company to track my clients, and you buy it for your projected needs four to five years out,” says Marciniak who uses AutoCAD and Sketchup. “I recommend doing that with your software as well.” Because landscapers have a tendency to be busy year round, sometimes there is no time to sit down and learn a new program. “It’s March coming into April, and how many of us have time to reinvent the wheel and learn a program?” Marciniak says. “Think about where

~ Matt Medlock, 3D Outdoor Living

you’re coming and going and really think about what is going to be something that your firm can continue to go back to year after year.” Another aspect to avoid is expecting CAD (computer-aided design) software to be the solution to make everything go quick, fast and easy. “It does help in certain things, but it still takes time,” Hanauer says. “It still takes the ability to draw and understand it. You have to think like a computer.” Investing in design software in the height of the season is also discouraged. Hanauer says if you’re going to invest in design software, make sure it’s the right time of year and use the right resources. “I would plan on enough time to really learn it if that means you go and take a class or watch their webinars,” Hanauer says. He adds that if a landscaper is interested in buying CAD software, it’s a good idea to buy training time or tech time to help catch on quicker. Even if landscapers are in a rush and desperate to find that perfect design software, Medlock says to not settle on the first thing you see. “Get a software that is not too difficult to use and that works for your type of clients,” Medlock says. “Don’t settle on the first one you come across, the more expensive ones are not always the best for your company.” Originally published at www.totallandscapecare.com/ how-to-buy-the-right-design-software. Reprinted with permission from Total Landscape Care.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

For David Marciniak, owner and lead designer of Revolutionary Gardens, he wanted to buy software that would last his company four or five years.

“Get a software that is not too difficult to use and that works for your type of clients. Don’t settle on the first one you come across, the more expensive ones are not always the best for your company.”

BUSINESS

Seven steps to manage poor performers Taking the guesswork out of disciplinary action by Staci Parker, PHR

“Why can’t I just fire him?” If I had

While you can terminate an employee for a good reason, a bad reason, or no reason at all (so long as it is not an illegal reason), you must guard your company against potential employment litigation regarding your termination practices.

a dime for every time an executive, manager or leader asked me that question! While you can terminate an employee for a good reason, a bad reason, or no reason at all (so long as it is not an illegal reason), you must guard your company against potential employment litigation regarding your termination practices.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Even the best employees have bad days but occasionally we experience those employees who cannot find their way out of the slump. Employees deserve the opportunity to be coached and given proper guidance related to procedures and performance expectations. Initial disciplinary action offers employees a second chance for improvement and an opportunity to continue employment.

Sometimes, despite our best efforts, employees do not change behavior or improve performance. It is important, as leaders, to address poor performance issues before they lead to customer impact, staff turnover, or other serious issues that could cost your business money. Here are seven tips to help you effectively manage your poor performers:

Determine what your discipline policy looks like. Some companies

choose to follow a progressive discipline policy which allows employees to receive several

warnings (and opportunities to improve) before they are terminated for cause. A progressive policy typically includes: • Documented verbal counseling • First and second written warnings • Final written warning • Termination Although most infractions would move the employee as indicated, serious infractions could warrant a jump from a documented verbal to a final written warning. Clearly outline which infractions would incur specific levels of discipline for greater clarity. For managers, this approach takes the guesswork out of disciplinary action because there are clear rules as to what actions are taken for what violation.

Put your disciplinary policy in writing. It is important to put

your policy in writing so your managers and employees know what to expect. When managers have a policy in place to follow, they are more likely to apply consistent disciplinary action. This consistency is important in the event that management actions regarding the treatment of individuals and termination procedures are called into question legally. Employees should be aware of the policy as well. Consider including the policy in your employee handbook and have employees acknowledge the handbook annually.

Use a standard template for all disciplinary action. Templates are easy to use and standardize the flow and employment verbiage that should be included in your forms. Make sure all managers have access to the template and enforce its use. Templates can be found online – just make sure to use a reputable provider! (The Society for Human Resources Management offers some free templates and tools for employers on their site: www.shrm.org)

BUSINESS

Educate your managers and supervisors. What is written in your

disciplinary action forms is just as important as the policy. Give managers proper guidance on when to complete action forms, how to engage in a counseling conversation, and how to properly document poor performance and behavior. Establish a clear “second look” process where a higher-level manager or HR professional reviews the documentation for accuracy and neutrality before a copy is given to the employee. Educate new managers and revisit this topic with existing management on an on-going basis.

Document, document, document…but only if you think, think, think. Appropriate disciplinary

action forms include: • Dates specific to the error, issue, or event • A concise summary of the error or issue and an explanation of why it warrants the specific disciplinary action • Future expectations for improved performance or behavior change • Specific consequences that detail the steps you may take to end employment if your performance expectations are not met

Documentation should never include hearsay or assumptions. Managers should be aware of their emotions and keep their verbiage free of emotion (avoid words like “always” and “never”). Counseling records should be created as close to the date of the issue as possible and should never be backdated.

File disciplinary action in the employee’s permanent

file. Managers should be able to review

the performance history of employees. This serves multiple purposes. The period between infractions can dictate whether an employee moves from one form of disciplinary action to another or whether enough time has elapsed that management chooses to start at the beginning of the process. If employment records are called into court, they can provide evidence that your company supports your disciplinary policy and applies consequences unilaterally. Although my stance to document and counsel poor performers was not always popular, executives and managers knew that I was looking out for their best interest and for the best interest of the company. When you want to let someone go always think through your process and ultimately consider what it would look like to a jury in court. Protect yourself and your team by putting the right processes in place to help others be successful or to create the appropriate documentation to support employee termination.

About the author

that the document was presented and that both parties had an opportunity to review. The employee does not need to approve of the action, but should sign the document indicating they had a meeting with their manager (or appropriate party) and reviewed the expectations as well as future consequences. Employees should also be given a copy of the disciplinary action.

E: sparker@thriveag.com P: 404.213.5837

Staci Parker is a certified Professional in Human Resources and owner of tHRive Advisory Group. tHRive is a human resources consulting group specializing in HR functions including management, organizational development, training and staff development.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Always obtain a signature from both the employee and the manager delivering the disciplinary action. Signatures from both parties verify

BUSINESS

Ethanol and small engines An education on fuel usage by Sarah Peterson

How to protect your equipment

Image from epa.gov

While E15 has been approved by the EPA for use in all 2001 and newer cars, trucks and SUVs, the agency has not approved it for non-automotive uses such as mowers and other power equipment.

Putting fuel into a piece of equipment used to be a fairly simple, straightforward thing. Regular or diesel? Leaded or unleaded? Once ethanol was added to the mix, things got more complicated. Ethanol has been mixed with gasoline for many years and became more widely available to consumers in the early 2000s.

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Originally, and until late 2010, fuels were authorized to contain no more than 10 percent ethanol, commonly known as E10. Small engine manufacturers responded with the production of engines that could handle the fuel.

In recent years, E15, which is a mix of up to 15 percent ethanol, has become more of a staple at the pump and it is no longer safe to assume that gas that can burn in a car will work for any gas-powered engine. Customers who are in the habit of filling a gas can for use in lawn mowers and other small engine machines at the same time they purchase gas for their car may find this practice is causing more harm than convenience. Without the sophisticated electronic fuel controls found on modern cars, small engines have a harder time compensating for the higher heat, lack of lubrication and corrosive effect the higher alcohol content of E15 can have on them.

Use of E15 — or any fuel that is not recommended in manufacturer instructions — in incompatible engines will void the warranty and damage becomes the owner’s responsibility. This has long been the case, but until recently, the chance of doing so has been relatively minimal. With the fuel choices available at a variety of price points dispensed side-by-side at gas stations across the country, it was only a matter of time before complications started to hit the equipment rental industry. Tim Allen, owner, Tim Allen Equipment/ Roseburg Rentals, Roseburg, Ore., says fuel issues are the No. 1 problem he sees coming into his shop. “We started seeing issues around 2009-2010. We’re an authorized dealer for many of our machines. In the beginning, customers were told it would be fine to use ethanol. It took us about 30 to 60 days to realize this was a fuel compatibility issue,” Allen says. Generators in particular were coming back with fouled fuel systems. “Gasoline-powered generators have always had fuel issues. They typically sit for far longer periods than most power equipment,” Allen says. In an online blog post on the issue, Allen explains that, when repairing the generators, they were finding that the fuel wasn’t lasting as long as it once did. In one case, they did a typical fuel system cleaning and repair, tested the machine and sent it home with the owner. About 90 days later, the customer tried to use it, but it ran poorly. He brought it back once again and they found that the fuel already had gone bad, so they went through the cleaning process again. In addition to issues with the fuel systems, parts were failing.

BUSINESS “Fuel filters would melt, the fuel shut-off needle in the carburetor would get sticky and stick shut, and fuel lines and primer bulbs were failing,” Allen says. He decided it was time to investigate further. “We ran two tests at our facility,” Allen says. “One was to simply pour some fuel into a clean white 5-gal. bucket and let it sit. Within one week the ethanol started separating from the fuel and settling in the bottom of the container. This means if your lawn mower didn’t get shaken well enough before you tried to start it, it was getting pure ethanol instead of mixed fuel. If it ran at all it would run very poorly. The second test was to put a short piece of new fuel line into a beaker filled with ethanol fuel. By the end of just day one there was visible expansion indicating the ethanol was attacking the rubber.” As E10 became more common and readily available, engine manufacturers responded with engines designed to handle fuel containing up to 10 percent ethanol.

“Manufacturers are making engines that run on E10, but you should check your engine warranty to see if there are restrictions regarding fuels.” ~ Mike Graboski, PhD “Today things are better,” Allen says. “They are using products other than butyl in rubber, which has alleviated many of the parts failures.” However, he also says he is cautious about what the increasing popularity of E15 might bring. With the recent push to increase the ethanol content in gasoline, widespread introduction of E15 has caused the issue to come to the forefront once again. In general, small engines are not designed to deal with the more corrosive E15 blend. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not approved it for nonautomotive uses such as mowers and other power equipment, and users need to understand that aspect of caring for small engine equipment. “If people are putting E15 into engines that are not designed to handle it, there could be

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BUSINESS

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UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Confusion over fuel spurred OPEI to launch the “Look Before You Pump” campaign. The goal of the campaign was to reach consumers through a variety of media to encourage equipment users to be more mindful at the gas pump.

problems,” says Mike Graboski, Ph.D., consulting engineer for the American Rental Association (ARA). “It’s a customer education issue. Newer equipment, which comprises most rental fleets, should be able to run on fuels containing ethanol that are being made to ASTM standards. Manufacturers are making engines that run on E10, but you should check your engine warranty to see if there are restrictions regarding fuels. Many of the issues people are seeing stem from using fuel of a higher ethanol content than the engine was designed for. The best way to avoid issues is to make sure you’re in compliance with manufacturers’ recommendations for fuel usage.”

However, a survey commissioned by the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI), an international trade association representing 100 small engine, utility vehicle and outdoor power equipment manufacturers and suppliers, found that nearly two-thirds of respondents assume that any gas sold at the gas station is safe for all cars as well as mowers, chain saws, generators and other equipment with small engines. In addition, 91 percent said price is the No. 1 thing they notice at the pump, with only 25 percent noticing the ethanol content. More than 70 percent say they use the least expensive grade of gasoline whenever possible.

These responses indicated that warnings at the pumps are insufficient to deter customers from using inappropriate fuel. Concerns that customers would blame equipment makers should mowers and other small engine equipment fail as a result of confusion over fuel spurred OPEI to launch the “Look Before You Pump” campaign. The goal of the campaign was to reach consumers through a variety of media to encourage equipment users to be more mindful at the gas pump. “E15 is an issue,” says Linda Beattie, brand marketing manager, Schiller Grounds Care, Southampton, Pa. “As a smaller engine user, with handhelds and four-cycle equipment, it will destroy the engine. We purchase engines as part of our equipment, so the responsibility falls on the engine manufacturer. We do note what grade of fuel to use in the manuals, such as no more than 10 percent ethanol. Recently, we included a sticker to say no E15 in this machine. The rental dealer is going to inform the customer as to what the right fuel is needed, so that helps them as well.” While small engine manufacturers are working towards engines that can run on E15, many are still in the early stages. “E10 has been fully tested with our current engine offering and performs within the required engine specifications,” says Bill Phleger, vice president of counterbalance solutions, Yale Materials Handling Corp., Greenville, N.C. “E15 is still in the testing phases. While our engine manufacturers indicate their designs will hold up mechanically to E15, the concern is with the potential reduction in performance due to the lower energy content in ethanol versus straight gasoline. The power reduction is expected to be minimal, however additional testing will allow Yale to accurately inform customers of the effect of E15 on performance.” However, manufacturing engines that are compatible with E15 will not immediately solve the issue. When manufacturer recommendations are not followed and customers use E15 in a piece of equipment for which it was not

BUSINESS intended, issues will arise. As with so many aspects of the rental business, customer education is the key. Manufacturers do what they can to ensure their engines are functioning properly with the fuel ratings advertised. From there, the rental operator conveys requirements to the customer. While Allen agrees that customer education on this issue is important, he takes responsibility for preventing ethanol-related issues. “We don’t put this on the customer,” he says. “We ask them not to put ethanol in the equipment, but we also take steps before it’s stored to ensure that no ethanol is left in the machine.”

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Allen says he has found that this approach to the fuel issue eases the burden on customers and ensures that each machine is fueled properly for the next renter. Storage tips for maintaining fuel systems If an engine does come back to your rental store with the wrong fuel, draining the fuel system before it sits for too long will mitigate damage that may occur. This is particularly necessary before storing a piece of equipment that may not be rented again for a while. If left too long, the fuel can start to separate and leave a corrosive residue.

Allen says he and his employees follow these steps when storing a machine that will not be rented over the course of the winter:

sure the last fuel put in the machine was Make non-ethanol and put a fuel stabilizer in. the engine for about 10 minutes to circulate Run it through. Drain all fuel from the machine.

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Tim Allen, owner, Tim Allen Equipment/ Roseburg Rentals, Roseburg, Ore., has had issues with ethanol fouling fuel systems. While he does ask customers not to put ethanol in this equipment, he says he doesn’t hold his customers responsible for ensuring the gas tanks are free from ethanol. Instead, he takes steps to ensure that equipment is ready for use over the long haul.

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BUSINESS

The potential for damage to vital components is a result of ethanol’s fairly corrosive nature in relation to rubber and certain metals. Ethanol also has the potential to introduce water to the fuel, since it can absorb moisture. If equipment has the potential to be rented from time to time throughout the winter months, he says they fill it with non-ethanol fuel and leave it full so it is ready to go without the potential issues that can be caused by leaving ethanol to sit for too long.

What is E15?

Ethanol was originally added to gasoline in order to replace methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a chemical that was used to reduce carbon monoxide emissions in regions that had difficulty meeting government air quality standards. Over time, it became a means for making oil supplies go further and reducing dependence on foreign oil. In 2005, Congress adopted the renewable fuel standard (RFS), which was expanded in 2007, requiring oil companies to blend increasing volumes of renewable fuels like ethanol with gasoline. By 2022, the RFS will grow to 36 billion gallons.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Today, virtually all of the gasoline sold in the United States contains some ethanol, typically up to 10 percent, known as E10.

In 2014, about 13 billion gallons of fuel ethanol were added to the motor gasoline produced in the United States, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Fuel ethanol accounted for about 10 percent of the total volume of finished motor gasoline consumed.

In 2009, the ethanol industry petitioned the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to approve a blend of up to 15 percent ethanol in gasoline, from the previous cap of 10 percent. The industry asserted that raising the blend from E10 to E15 would accelerate the use of renewable fuel, increase energy security, create U.S. jobs, reduce transportation costs and improve the environment by displacing conventional gasoline with low-carbon ethanol. While E15 has been approved by the EPA for use in all 2001 and newer cars, trucks and SUVs, the agency has not approved it for non-automotive uses such as mowers and other power equipment. The agency states that many non-automotive engines do not have the sophisticated computer controls to adjust for fuel variations and that these engines have numerous applications and vary in types and sizes. In addition, a Department of Energy study found that E15 caused hotter operating temperatures, accelerating the potential for damage, such as erratic running and engine-part failure. The potential for damage to vital components is a result of ethanol’s fairly corrosive nature in relation to rubber and certain metals. Ethanol also has the potential to introduce water to the fuel, since it can absorb moisture. This can separate inside the tank, allowing moisture to settle to the bottom if an engine sits for long periods between uses. Such settling can potentially clog pumps and filters or cause damage to fuel lines, injectors, seals, gaskets and valve seats as well as carburetors on older engines. Reprinted by permission. © 2015 RENTAL MANAGEMENT. All rights reserved.

About the author Sarah Peterson is News and Products Editor for Rental Management.

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INDUSTRY

Sine Die

Urban ag interests score victories under the Gold Dome by Bryan Tolar & Jonathan Harding, Georgia Agribusiness Council

The Georgia Agribusiness Council (GAC) is

budget 2016 The 2016 state budget will begin July 1, 2015,

pleased to have the Georgia Urban Ag Council (UAC) as a partner on numerous initiatives, including legislative monitoring. It is an honor to represent so many diverse agribusiness interests at the State Capitol and we value the support and trust put in GAC for these responsibilities. The 40-day legislative session wrapped up on April 2 and With new drought rules in process, GAC staff was again pollinator protection planning present each day underway, health insurance programs of the session and taking shape, ongoing challenges with at all committee EPA, and increased labor shortages meetings where bills impacting our for our industry, there are always industry were heard. plenty of issues needing attention in UAC distributes our agribusiness. legislative report “Inside Ag” each week during the session to help industry professionals keep tabs on the progress of legislation and the personalities that play a part. We hope you find these reports insightful and we appreciate the questions received along the way.

and increased investment in UGA Extension was a big plus for the industry. We have all felt the impact of Extension retirements and unfilled posts during the recession. Thankfully, some of these positions are being restored due to industry support and the leadership of the House Appropriations Chairman Terry England and Senate Appropriations Chairman Jack Hill. The budget will include $360,000 to hire six new UGA County Extension Agents and the UGA Ag Experiment Station received $520,000 to hire three research & science positions, including an agronomist and an ornamental horticulturalist. Funds to bolster agricultural education and the state farmers markets were also included. Lots to celebrate with these investments.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

card payroll Debit UAC worked closely with GAC to support this

We have much to be proud of with the results of the 2015 legislative session. Several new laws will help our industry…and we stopped legislation that would have hurt our industry. Here’s a summary of key issues important to UAC members:

legislation that will allow workers in Georgia to be paid via a debit card. Governor Deal signed SB 88 into law on May 5. For those who wish to use this new option, the electronic transmission of payroll to a debit card for each employee can be used almost anywhere. This will provide employers with a new payment method that could greatly enhance the convenience to the business and the employees. Debit card payment allows workers to avoid the high fees associated with check cashing services or long waits at the local bank. We see many payroll benefits to this change in Georgia law.

management Landscape around marshland

SB 101 by Senator Ben Watson of Savannah provides much needed erosion and sedimentation protection for Georgia’s marshlands. By establishing a 25 ft. buffer, it is

INDUSTRY

Ag Tax Exemption Georgia (GATE) update

consistent with most other water body buffers and does not put in place any unnecessary limits for landscape uses. Environmental groups sought to prohibit pesticide and fertilizer use in the 25 ft. buffer area, but with ag industry involvement, they were soundly rejected. Senator Watson worked with urban agriculture interests throughout this process and this bill will be signed into law by Governor Deal very soon.

compensation insurance Workers This is a good bill for both employees and

employers utilizing workers compensation insurance and should be signed into law by Governor Deal shortly after this issue goes to press in May. HB 412 updates workers comp insurance law by raising the benefit for both partial and total disability, the death benefit, and extends the Subsequent Injury Trust Fund (SITF). It also addresses a case referred to as the Pitts case, which will help limit legal wrangling that could have dramatically changed the scope of workers comp coverage and thus driven up costs.

Immigration Ag interests and others worked to silence SB 6…

Away from the State Capitol, there is always much to do to lead and protect agribusiness interests. With new drought rules in process, pollinator protection planning underway, health insurance programs taking shape, ongoing challenges with EPA, and increased labor shortages for our industry, there are always plenty of issues needing attention in agribusiness. Your support of UAC is a testimony to your commitment to a stronger future for your business, your employees and your family. Thanks for what you do to make Georgia a better place to work and do business. About the authors

Jonathan Harding (left) is Public Affairs Coordinator with the Georgia Agribusiness Council; Bryan Tolar (right) is President. The Georgia Agribusiness Council is a trade association representing over 875 member businesses in Georgia. P: 800.726.2474 | W: ga-agribusiness.org

Please call on us when we can be of assistance.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

and we were successful. Among other things, this bill sought to give police officers the authority to remove and impound a driver’s vehicle for 60 days if the driver has no legal license and no lawful alien status. Such bills are more about scaring undocumented workers than any substantial policy improvements. We saw this when Georgia passed immigration reform four years ago and workers needed in the industry left in droves. That created huge hardships for ag businesses and produced no real benefits to the state then or now. Attempts were made to attach this bill to others in the final two days of the session, but all were defeated. Immigration policy is important for our industry and for our country, but such state legislative efforts will provide no enhancements to the big picture. We must all keep working toward the creation of useful guest worker programs and meaningful immigration reform at the national level.

Even in the face of Atlanta area media scrutiny of the GATE program on WSB news and in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, we avoided legislative changes to GATE. While we are pleased lawmakers did not push for changes this year, the program will remain under much scrutiny from local governments. We must avoid misuse and even the appearance of misuse or we will jeopardize the entire program. In recent weeks, we worked with the Georgia Department of Revenue to make adjustments so the GATE Guidance document is as specific as possible regarding items that are or are not sales tax exempt. We are pleased to share this resource with UAC membership and other ag associations to circulate it for compliance assistance. We all have a responsibility to ensure this program is protected for the future.

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

INDUSTRY

OSHA-approved chainsaw safety training by Ellen Bauske and Rolando Orellana, University of Georgia

The University of Georgia will conduct Targeted Topic Training for the tree care and landscaping industries throughout Georgia. Made available through OSHA via a Susan Harwood Training Grant, these classes offer excellent costeffective training for crew leaders and workers. The training is free; $12.50 fee for lunch. Don’t miss this opportunity!

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Douglas County

Technical Cutting and Small Tree Felling

August 11

Chatham County (UAC workshop in Savannah)

Chainsaw and Ladder Safety

September 1

Chatham County

Chainsaw Safety and Right-of-Way

September 2

Brunswick

Chainsaw Safety, Cutting and Technical Tree Felling

September 3

Lowndes County

Chainsaw Safety, Cutting and Technical Tree Felling

September 10

Troup and Spalding Counties Fulton County

Chainsaw Safety, Cutting and Technical Tree Felling

September 24

Chainsaw and Ladder Safety in Spanish

September 30

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INDUSTRY

Climate change

Funding debate stirs more skepticism over research By Jill Nolin, CNHI State Reporter Donald Chase doesn’t put much stock in the alarming predictions that temperatures are on a steady incline that will irreversibly warm the earth. But he isn’t about to bet the farm against them.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Adding to those doubts is a sidedebate over global warming, also focusing on Georgia, that is less about science and more about who’s paying for it.

“What if 20 years from now, we find out they were right?” Chase said of the warnings of many climate scientists that the earth is getting hotter.

After revelations that a renowned climate change skeptic, Wei-Hock Soon, did not disclose financial ties to the fossil fuel industry in a series of scientific papers, Rep. Raul Grijalva, a Democratic congressman from Arizona, sent letters to seven universities demanding funding records for academics. One of those letters went to the Georgia Institute of Technology regarding Judith Curry, a professor of earth and atmospheric sciences.

Pressure to conform

Republicans have cited Curry, who believes that the human role in global warming has been exaggerated. She also believes that climate scientists have downplayed – even ignored – the role of natural variability in climate change and the uncertainties that exist.

Chase’s family, which farms 1,600 acres in rural Macon County, is considering upgrades including solar panels to cut down on their energy use.

Curry appears to have caught Grijalva’s attention with comments such as this from one of her many appearances before Congress: “The sense that extreme weather events are now more frequent and intense is symptomatic of pre-1970 ‘weather amnesia.’”

“That’s why we’re concerned about greenhouse gases – it’s hedging your bets,” he said. “I don’t think that’s the way it’s going to turn out. But why not, if it’s economically viable?”

Curry says her university funding does not originate with the fossil fuel industry - a fact confirmed by documents provided to Grijalva and shared by Georgia Tech. Grijalva’s investigation into the scientists’ funding sources is ongoing, according to his staff.

Chase represents a paradox forming amid many Georgia farmers, who are taking steps to safeguard against potential changes in climate and energy resources, yet hold onto a searing skepticism about theories of global warming.

But Curry’s side business, Climate Forecast Applications Network, does work for energy and power companies, forecasting hurricane activity and landfall impacts. It also has a contract to predict energy demand, as well as the generation of hydropower and wind power.

Adding to those doubts is a side-debate over global warming, also focusing on Georgia, that is less about science and more about who’s paying for it.

Curry has previously disclosed this funding, which she says is unrelated to climate change, to Congress. But she calls the funding issue a “red herring in climate science.”

INDUSTRY Curry said she believes the real controversy stems from her criticism of entities like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which has emphasized the human contributions to climate change. “There is enormous pressure for climate scientists to conform to the so-called consensus,” she said. “This pressure comes not only from politicians but from federal funding agencies, universities and professional societies - and scientists, themselves, who are green activists and advocates. Reinforcing this consensus are strong monetary, reputational and authority interests.”

Full disclosure

The federal government spends more than $2 billion a year on researching climate change and other related topics. That doesn’t include the money that the industry is funneling into climate science and academics on both sides of the debate.

“There is enormous pressure for climate scientists to conform to the so-called consensus. This pressure comes not only from politicians but from federal funding agencies, universities and professional societies - and scientists, themselves, who are green activists and advocates. Reinforcing this consensus are strong monetary, reputational and authority interests.” ~ Judith Curry, Georgia Institute of Technology In his letter, Grijalva wrote that any conflicts of interest should be clear to the policymakers who rely on scientific research. Such transparency is critical any time outside money pays for scientific research, said Michael Wall, director of program services at Atlantabased Georgia Organics, a member-based nonprofit that promotes organic farming.

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“The money is driving progress, and money is going to drive farmers to produce food more sustainably. But philosophically I’m worried that there aren’t enough people who are listening to sound science, and there are too many people listening to corporate interests who have a stake in the fossil fuel industry.” ~ Michael Wall, Georgia Organics

Jeffrey Harvey, assistant legislative director for the Georgia Farm Bureau, said disclosure shouldn’t just be about finances. “Their personal beliefs have just as much to do with the outcome of the research,” he said.

Losing confidence

Out in rural Georgia, farmers seem to be putting less faith in climate change research anyway. “I think people are losing confidence in the models,” said Mike Giles, president of the Georgia Poultry Federation. “There’s a lot of data and science out there on both sides.”

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

While climate change predictions continue to be fiercely debated, there’s room for some agreement among farmers: The weather has been wacky. Storms have been more destructive. Wet years have been wetter, and the dry years drier. Data also show that temperatures in the Southeast have increased slightly over time.

Many farmers are less inclined to conclude that these weather patterns are around to stay, however. Some even argue whether noticeable changes have occurred at all. A healthy level of skepticism is necessary to sift through the piles of research and opinions, said Stan Savage, a cattle farmer in Moultrie. “I don’t disagree with either extreme,” Savage said. “I think they’re both overplaying their hand, as far as the history, what the cycle goes through and climate change.”

In Calhoun, at the other end of the state, Mitch Lawson says he uses sustainable practices on his 30 acres, but he thinks his real impact on the climate is in the voting booth. “I support politicians who take it seriously,” said Lawson, owner of Rise ‘N Shine Organic Farm. “That’s the best way to do it – to have policies that help curb our carbon emissions as fast as possible. “In the end, what one little individual farmer does isn’t going to mean a hill of beans in the larger landscape.”

New methods

To Chase, whether climate change is real doesn’t matter. He’s concerned about preserving natural resources - including the water supply. As he watches California battle a severe drought that has led to rationing, Chase knows that could be Georgia one day. California Gov. Jerry Brown has repeatedly and unequivocally attributed his state’s water shortage to climate change. Chase is a conventional farmer, but now he and his family are adopting new methods to more efficiently use their resources. They’re growing cover crops, like rye, to preserve the soil’s fertility and prevent erosion in the offseason. They’re improving the insulation of the poultry houses to cut their propane usage in half. They’re planning to install solar panels to help cool the chickens in the South Georgia heat. “I really think that the success of agriculture in the future is going to depend on how well we can manage our energy use,” Chase said. “I don’t really like burning fossil fuels any more than the next guy.” Originally published in the Thomasville TimesEnterprise. Reprinted with permission.

About the author Jill Nolin covers the Statehouse for CNHI’s Georgia newspapers. She can be reached at jnolin@cnhi.com.

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;¢ JULY/AUGUST 2015

INDUSTRY

SNA 2015

Southern plant conference speaker cast revealed The Southern Nursery Association (SNA) has announced final details of the 14th Southern Plant Conference, scheduled

for Tuesday, July 21, 2015, during SNA 2015, at Atlanta’s Georgia International Convention Center (GICC). Each year, the speaker lineup somehow seems to top the last – and this year is no exception.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Sixteen of the industry’s top plant experts are slated to share their knowledge and expertise during this eight-hour conference. Don Shadow, SNA Past President and internationally recognized plantsman, will moderate the fastpaced sessions featuring an impressive list of authors, botanical garden directors, garden communicators, landscape designers, professors, researchers, and world travelers – all with the goal of expanding knowledge and use of new and improved plants for the landscape.

The conference, sponsored by HIP Labels, Inc., and Plant Development Services, Inc. (PDSI), provides the perfect platform for the grower, landscaper and retailer to come together for a glimpse of exciting new plants coming to market. This unique conference provides an opportunity to discover new production techniques and a vast array of new plants, with focus on new and superior cultivars, the most resistant, prolific blooming, superior shape or habit, and the most interesting flower or foliage.

Speakers

The 2015 speaker lineup and sessions include: •

Brie Arthur, Growing a Greener World, Fuquay-Varina, NC – Foodscaping

•

Dr. Andrew Bell, Curator, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL – Windy City Winners

•

Talon Buchholz, Buchholz & Buchholz Nursery, Gaston, OR – Maple Introductions from Buchholz Nursery

•

Tom Cox, Cox Arboretum & Gardens, Canton, GA – Landscaping with Conifers and Ginkgo for the Southeast

•

Dr. Michael Dirr, Plant Introductions, Watkinsville, GA – Viburnums Past, Present and Future

•

Brent Heath, Brent & Becky’s Bulbs, Gloucester, VA – Best Bloomin’ Bulbs for Sexy Southern Landscapes

•

Joseph Hillenmeyer, Joseph Hillenmeyer Garden Design, Lexington, KY – Plants of Inspiration: A Garden Designer’s Perspective

•

Ozzie Johnson, ItSaul Plants, Alpharetta, GA – Breeding Adventure from Asia to My Own Backyard

•

John Malone, Summershade, Madison, GA – Lifting the Veil on Underutilized Tree Species and Growing a Successful Market

•

Matt & Tim Nichols, Nichols Nursery, East Flat Rock, NC – Ornamental Obsession

•

David Parks, Camellia Forest Nursery, Chapel Hill, NC – Camellias from China

•

Karen Perkins, Garden Vision Epimediums, Templeton, MA – Epimediums: Jewels of the Shade

•

Ron Rabideau, Rare Find Nursery, Jackson, NJ – New and Useful Plants

•

Dr. John Ruter, University of Georgia, Athens, GA – Landscaping with Conifers and Ginkgo for the Southeast

•

Alan Shapiro, Grandiflora, Gainesville, FL – Cool New Herbaceous Plants

Registration

Registration for the conference is $199 (by July 17) and $219 (after July 17) and includes continental breakfast, lunch and breaks, as well as a chance to “mix and mingle” with speakers after the conference. An SNA 2015 Name Badge is included with registration. Speaker bios, session titles and description, schedule and registration information can be found on the SNA website at www.sna.org.

INDUSTRY

Conference

SNA 2015, scheduled for July 21 – 23, 2015, combines the SNA Regional Marketplace with The Southern Plant Conference, the SNA Research Conference, the SNA Annual Business Meeting, and SNA State Officer’s Conference to deliver one unparalleled event – all under one roof. The event is expected to draw more than 2,000 breeders, growers, retailers, landscapers, researchers, manufacturers, distributors, and service providers from across the Southeast.

Location

The GICC, venue for SNA 2015, offers convenience for attendees. A world-class airport, connected to a world-class convention center, surrounded by leading brand hotels, at the edge of a world-class city. And, the ATL SkyTrain, a free light rail train, links the GICC to HartsfieldJackson Atlanta International Airport and car rental center.

UAC members SAVE $10 on SNA 2015 registration! Offer good on trade show badge, The Southern Plant Conference or Educational Sessions registration.

Use code GUA141 at checkout. Discount applies to online registration or paper registration for member and staff. Offer valid through July 23, 2015. Parking is free for all attendees. Just mention SNA 2015 to the parking attendant. For more details visit the SNA website at www.sna.org.

For more information on the Southern Plant Conference, contact the Southern Nursery Association, Inc., PO Box 801454, Acworth, GA 30101, 678.809.9992, mail@sna.org, or visit www.sna.org.

Connecting the Industry Across the Southeast July 21-23 2015 Atlanta Georgia

Georgia International Convention Center combines the SNA Regional Marketplace with the Southern Plant Conference, the SNA Research Conference, the SNA Annual Business Meeting, the SNA State Officer’s Conference, and SNA Day @ to bring one unparalleled industry event!

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Smart irrigation

Technologies that use water efficiently conditions. These climate-based systems gather local weather information and some even factor in your exact landscape (types of plants, soils, slopes, etc.) to make irrigation run-time adjustments so your landscape always receives the appropriate amount of water. There is a wide range of products in this category with various weather input options and landscape-specific adjustment factors. The water savings can be substantial and the convenience of these selfadjusting controllers is another great benefit. Photo courtesy Ewing Irrigation

There are many “smart” technologies available today that allow you to maintain beautiful landscapes while maximizing water efficiency. July is Smart Irrigation Month, and the

start of summer is a great time to improve the efficiency of your outdoor irrigation system or install a water-efficient automatic irrigation system. There are many “smart” technologies available today that allow you to maintain beautiful landscapes while maximizing water efficiency. Here are some to consider whether you do it yourself or through a professional contractor.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Rain/freeze sensors

Rain sensors prevent irrigation systems from running when it is raining and right after rain events when irrigation is unnecessary. Rain/ freeze sensors add the ability to stop irrigation when temperatures approach freezing to prevent ice on landscapes and hardscapes. These devices can reduce irrigation water usage up to 35 percent and help extend irrigation system life. Sprinkler systems should never run in the rain, and rain sensors can put an end to those wasteful and embarrassing situations.

Weather-based controllers

Weather-based controllers actually adjust irrigation schedules based on local weather

Sensor-based controllers

Sensor-based controllers rely on soil moisture sensors placed below ground in the root zones of lawns and landscapes to determine if and how long to water. Soils may be maintained between lower and upper target moisture levels for optimal plant health. Alternatively, a simpler decision is to schedule the regular irrigation program to run based on the soil moisture. Weather-based and sensor-based control products are available as stand-alone controllers or add-on devices to existing controllers. Each has been shown to reduce irrigation water usage up to 70 percent without sacrificing the quality of your landscaping.

Pressure regulation

All sprinklers operate best at a certain water pressure. At those pressures the water distribution is most uniform over the target area. That allows shorter run times because for an entire lawn to be green you basically end up setting a schedule to provide sufficient water to the driest spot. Reducing high pressure also eliminates problems such as misting sprinklers and potential irrigation system damage. And for every 5-point reduction in water pressure you actually use 6 to 8 percent less water. Those savings can add up quickly. Water pressure regulation devices are easily added to valves to control a whole irrigation zone or can be added to individual sprinklers.

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Low precipitation rate and high-efficiency nozzles

Many great sprinkler nozzles are on the market today that use lower precipitation rates to reduce run-off or offer improved water distribution uniformity. Distribution uniformity is very important to reducing watering run times. Again, you want the entire area being watered to receive sufficient water to maintain green lawns and colorful plants, so the more uniform the water distribution, the shorter the watering run time will be for the driest spot. Be sure to inquire about these critical considerations when selecting sprinklers and nozzles.

Drip irrigation

Drip irrigation systems are very different from pop-up sprinkler systems. Rather than spraying wide areas, they generally utilize point emitters to deliver desired volumes of water to particular locations at or near plant root zones. Water drips slowly from emitters either onto the soil surface or below ground. Less water is lost to wind and

evaporation as a result, and weeds can also be reduced. Drip irrigation systems are very water-efficient and customizable for even different plants in a small area. All of these water-efficient products can reduce water use and your water bills without sacrificing plant and landscape health. You can still enjoy all of the benefits associated with attractive and enjoyable landscapes on your property while helping to conserve a precious natural resource. Please take advantage of these cost-saving ideas that are good for you and good for the planet. Smart Irrigation Month is an initiative of the Irrigation Association, a non-profit industry organization dedicated to promoting efficient irrigation. Learn more at smartirrigationmonth.org. Content provided for the Irrigation Association by Rain Bird Corporation.

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The latest in fittings

Speeding up your irrigation projects

As a contractor who installs and repairs irrigation systems, you’re

Photo courtesy of NALP/Philippe Nobile Photography

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Over the last number of years, new types of fittings have been introduced to the market. These are referred to as ‘clampless insert fittings’ or ‘pushon,’ or ‘quick-fit’.

always looking for ways to get things done faster and more efficiently. So, when something comes along that looks like it could speed up a new installation, retrofitting or repair job, hopefully you’re receptive to hearing about it.

Although there are a number of types They don’t require glue or solvents of material used in to attach. They are faster to use, yet making pipe, the two are just as strong as the conventional most common types kind, and they’re safer for both of material used for the environment and the user, pipes in irrigation because there is no exposure to toxic installations are PVC chemicals. or polyethylene. With some exceptions, PVC is mainly used in the southern and western states, while poly is used more in the north, as its flexibility is desirable in frozen ground. PVC is also more commonly used for commercial systems. Over the last number of years, new types of fittings have been introduced to the market. These are referred to as ‘clampless insert fittings’ or ‘push-on,’ or ‘quick-fit’. They don’t require glue or solvents to attach. They are faster to use, yet are just as strong as the conventional kind, and they’re safer for both the environment and the user, because there is no exposure to toxic chemicals. Are they really faster? More importantly, are they reliable? To find out, we talked to the companies

that make them and the contractors who use them. Wayne Vance, owner and president of Spring Hill, Florida-based Sunshine State Sprinklers, Inc., says, “We do a regular installation 25 to 30 percent faster with these products, as opposed to straight PVC. That means we can get to more places and make more people happy. That’s what we’re here for.” Dan McIntyre, owner and president of Splash Irrigation, Inc., in Rockford, Michigan, says that the time his company saves by using quick connectors “keeps us competitive. They definitely help us get more work done in a timely fashion.” “Our fittings are designed by contractors, for contractors,” said Rob Bauer, director of sales for Arvada, Colorado-based Dawn Industries. “We want to make sure we address what contractors need, because ultimately, they’re the ones who’ll have these fittings in their hands. We believe push fittings fit that bill.” Salt Lake City, Utah-based Hydro- Rain is known mainly for its two signature quick-fitting products: Blu-Lock, a line of glueless HDPE poly fittings, and PVC-Lock, a line of glueless fittings for PVC pipe. “We’ve just introduced the next generation of Blu-Lock fittings,” said Kim Hayes, director of marketing for Hydro-Rain. The new Blu-Lock fittings will work with both SIDR (standard inside diameter ratio)-1500- lb poly pipe and SIDR- 1980-lb pipe. Previously, Blu-Lock fittings were confined to use only with 100-lb pipe. This is a big change, because it eliminates one of the drawbacks to using BluLock fittings. Previously, you could only use them with Hydro-Rain’s proprietary blue poly pipe. “The way it’s worked before, our contractors and distributors were required to carry the Blu-Lock pipe along with the fittings,” explains Hayes.

URBAN AG “Now, the new fittings will be universal, and will work with anybody’s pipe.” Another feature will be that Blu-Lock fittings will not only slide on easily, they will come off just as easily, so mistakes can be corrected quickly.

kinds of preparations in order to make sure that fitting is going to fit and work correctly,” Wallace said.

Brownsville, Tennessee-based LASCO Fittings’ two newest irrigation items fit the category of push-on glueless connectors. They include a flexible repair coupling and a fitting. Both may be installed wet, and both are for use with schedule 40, class 200/SDR-21 or IPS flex pipe.

“You can’t put it on there if the pipe’s dirty. With the glue, I was always taught that you need to prime it first, because that helps to prepare the plastic for the glue, so when it adheres, it gives a better feel. It takes a little bit of time for that to happen. But with the quick fittings, there’s no need to do that. Now that they have these fittings for PVC, too, it makes it even better.”

The flexible push-on, no-glue PVC coupling was introduced a couple of years ago. It’s particularly helpful for repairs, or when one must deal with odd angles, corners or tree roots. It’s for coldwater, outdoor, open irrigation systems only, must be buried, and is not suitable for main lines. In September of 2012, the company debuted a push-on glueless fitting that can be rotated to line up with tees and elbows. It uses a stainless steel retainer ring for permanent installation. Unlike the flex coupling, this fitting can be used on main lines. Once installed, it can be pressurized immediately up to its maximum working pressure of 140 psi.

The need for speed

Quick-connect fittings save time, period. Ed Wallace is the owner of Midwest Landscaping, a design/ build company out of Long Beach, California. He’s been doing landscape design/ build and irrigation installation for the last 25 years. He appreciates the speed quick-connect fittings offer. “I’m able to do my work a lot faster and more efficiently by using these fittings. When you’re using the glue and primer, you have to do certain

Quick-connect fittings cost a bit more than traditional ones. Are they worth the money? Wallace thinks so. “These are very good quality fittings, not junk that’s been thrown together.” As to the cost issue, Vance says a lot of contractors “only look at the price. They really have to get past that. Once they find the simplicity and the speed of these things, they’ll realize they’re making more money, and needing to use fewer fittings overall.” That is why he swears by them. “I use them in every condition you can imagine—heavy roots, rock, clay, sand. I use them anywhere and everywhere, and have had absolutely no problems with them,” added Vance. The companies listen to contractors about how their products can be improved. McIntyre has had discussions with Hydro-Rain about the fact that in cold weather, it would take a bit more effort to get their fittings onto the pipes. “I’ve been told the new versions will slide together easier,” he says. “From the samples I’ve seen, they definitely do.”

Freedom from glue

Is freedom from glue really all that important? To some contractors and irrigation technicians, the answer is, “yes.”

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Dura Plastics of Beaumont, California, doesn’t make ‘quick-fit’ components, but it was the first to offer a flexible PVC coupling that will bend around rock or any other obstacle. “It’s in its second year now,” says Kevin Rost, president of Dura Plastics, “and it’s becoming well-accepted, so much that we’re very close to launching a new, constant-pressure version. We really think it fills a need.” It will be available in mid-summer.

Quality for the price?

URBAN AG “My crews love not using glue,” says Carlos Valdez, owner of All Works Landscape, LLC, in Austin, Texas. He’s been using quick-connect fittings for about three years.

every connection in an entire system. The companies that make the no-glue fittings are trying to push using them in 50 to 90 percent of an entire system,” says Sheppard.

“These connectors just slide right in there; they can’t go wrong. If there’s a leak, it’s probably because they didn’t slide something in all the way.”

He pointed out that when we speak about gluing pipe we’re really talking about a chemical welding process. The glue—technically, it’s a solvent—melts the pipe a little bit. This is what marries the pipes together, ‘til-death-do-theypart. It’s a sure bond you can depend on.

He also appreciates the fact that you can pull your connection out of the ground, work on it, then put it back in; you don’t have to stay down in the trench to fix it, like you have to with glue. Mistakes are easier to fix, too. Let’s say you glue a fitting on, and then notice that something is off. If the joint’s already dry, you have to start over. Quick-connects are a lot more forgiving. McIntyre says he likes not having to deal with chemicals. “My guys would always get this stuff on them. From a safety standpoint, it’s much better not to have to mess with the glue and primer, and breathe those fumes.” Vance, however, isn’t that worried about the toxicity factor. “Being exposed to the glue, truthfully, doesn’t really bother me. What I like is the fact that I don’t have to wonder if it’s too humid, or too wet, or if my guy put enough glue on the coupling.”

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

For installations, or just for repairs?

Most contractors are still leery about putting in a whole system with quick-connectors. For a coupling or two, or for one repair, they’ll chance it; for a whole system, they’ve got to be deadsolid-certain that everything works, and will continue to work. After all, it is their livelihood. Phil Sheppard, CLIA (certified landscape irrigation auditor) is also a Texas-licensed irrigator/instructor. He is the owner of Irrigation System Solutions in Coppell, Texas; a school where he helps others pass the state’s tough licensing exam. He thinks the quick-connect fittings are fine for repairs. But for a whole system? Not so much. “Quick-repair fittings have been used for years for stopping leaks. But they weren’t used for

He wants to make it clear, however, that he’s not throwing no-glue fittings under the bus. He’s simply saying he doesn’t know to what extent irrigators are using them for entire systems. And here’s the reason: “Say someone puts a system into a small tract home, and charges $3,000 for it. When something else suddenly goes wrong, where are you going to test for the problem? You’re going to have to redo that entire system if it starts having a leak.” Vance agrees, saying, “A lot of the guys in the irrigation industry are old dogs, and they don’t like new tricks. It takes a little time to retrain. I’ll just say, since I started using them on all my installations, my callbacks have dropped 80 percent.” McIntyre is one of those ‘old dogs’; he’s been doing irrigation for 35 years, 25 of them in business for himself. “I’ve always taken a different philosophy when it comes to irrigation products, tools, fittings, new types of heads or controllers.” He thinks it’s his job as a contractor to investigate different things that might benefit the consumer. So, he’s always looking for something new, and when he finds something like the quick-connect fittings, eventually, he’ll use them almost exclusively. And he does, on new installations as well as repairs. “We install more than we do repairs. We’ve used them for five years, maybe even seven, and we’ve had no issues. They’ve been flawless, no problems with the fittings, joints, saddles—any of the products we’ve used,” McIntyre’s happy to say. “They’re the first major change in the fitting

URBAN AG industry that’s come around since the saddles that you just screwed together. Really, they’re one of the greatest, most revolutionary innovations on the fitting side for irrigation that’s come along.”

he continues. “With these, you can just wipe off any debris, pop it on and it will seal, even with water going through it, coming out of the pipe. They’re very good solutions for repairing a break in a system.”

It works when wet

Vance says the fittings even allowed him to put a system in during a driving rainstorm. Everything was trenched up and laid out; it was either put it in, or start over.

Vance first started using quick connect products during one particularly difficult repair job. “We were getting a lot of callbacks because the flex pipe was blowing out of the fittings. This system was buried in moist lime rock. We tried every angle you can imagine, and were still getting blowouts.” “The only thing I could come up with was that the soil was so wet, the moisture was getting into the glue before it had a chance to set.” The only answer was to try a no-glue fitting. When that solved the problem, Vance became a convert; he’s used glueless fittings from that day on. “With a Flexible standard fitting, coupling. you have to shut off the water and dry the pipe off,”

We’ll let Valdez have the last word on the benefits of using some of the newer fittings. “By the end of the week, I can add two more jobs,” he says. “That adds up to a lot more jobs I can do every month. By the end of the year, I can really see how that’s affected my bottom line.”

Reprinted with permission from Irrigation & Green Industry magazine.

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What you need to know about pavers Answers to frequently asked questions by the Interlocking Concrete Pavers Institute (ICPI)

FAQ: Contractors Q: Off the record, just using a ballpark, what is the going rate per square foot for installing pavers in my area?

A: While tempting, bidding projects by the

square foot (sometimes even before seeing the project!) is a recipe for disaster for contractors. Every job is different, and so is every contractor. A successful contractor bids their company’s price for a specific job, using labor hours for each job function and their own markups for overhead and profit. They do not quote square foot pricing simply based on competitive rates. The Complete Business Manual for Concrete Paver Contractors by Charles Vander Kooi is an excellent resource for profitable bidding systems.

Q: I recently removed old pavement, and there is already stone underneath. If properly compacted, can I lay pavers over it?

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

A: This is not usually recommended.

If the existing pavement is rutted, deformed, uneven or severely damaged, the base or sub-grade underneath the original installation is likely inadequate. Remember that the subgrade and base are the most important part of an interlocking concrete pavement. ICP’s are flexible pavements, and as such, rely on load distribution in the base and adequate support from the soil subgrade. Sometimes the stresses on the pavement are from below, especially in freeze thaw areas of the country, so even residential patios and sidewalks need to have a proper base. ICPI recommends a minimum base thickness of 4 inches (100 mm) for residential patios and walkways and 6 inches (150 mm) for driveways in non freeze thaw areas. In colder climates these base thicknesses are increased and most

contractors will use 6 and 10 inches (150 mm and 250 mm) respectively. Gradation is another factor. The ICPI only recommends the use of base material meeting gradation requirements of ASTM-D2940 with 6 to 12% passing the no. 200 (80 micron) sieve.

Q: Can geotextile be used in lieu of base? A: No. Geotextiles are designed to retain the

intended load bearing capacity of a pavement and should not be used to decrease the thickness of the base. As a separation fabric, geotextiles prevent contamination of the base from the subgrade and are especially helpful over silt or clay soils.

Q: In order to prevent scuffing, is it necessary to protect the surface of concrete pavers from a plate compactor?

A: Depending on the type of paver used, some

contractors use sand or geotextile as a protective layer between the plate and the surface of the pavers. Protective mats for plate compactors are also available. There is no specific guideline from the ICPI for this, please contact the paver manufacturer for specific recommendations for their product.

Q: What are the differences between American and Canadian standards for pavers?

A: There are two sets of standards commonly

used for pavers manufactured in North America: in the United States, it’s referred to as ASTM-936, and the Canadian version is listed as CSA-A231.2. While all the differences are too numerous to list here, there are two very important ones worth noting. First is freeze-thaw durability testing. ASTM936 requires that units shall have no breakage or more than 1% dry mass loss after 50 freeze-thaw cycles in water as tested per ASTM C-67. With

URBAN AG some exceptions the Canadian test is similar but with one important addition: the pavers are freeze-thawed in 3% saline solution to resemble the deterioration caused by de-icing salts.

Q: Can bedding

A second difference is ASTM-936 requires that the compressive test strength of the test specimens to be at least 8000 psi and that no sample test under 7200 psi. The Canadian standard allows for the average compressive strength psi of the samples to be 50 Mpa (7250 psi), with no unit below 45 Mpa (6525 psi). The difference is that the Canadians test using a 1:1:1 dimensioned cube that saw cut out of the paver itself; while the ASTM standard allows for full or one-half units to be tested (minor variations are made for non-rectangular/square pavers). Many of the remaining differences involve the number of samples used, the frequency of the tests, and other details in the execution of both tests. To learn more about both ASTM-936 and CSA-A231.2-95, please contact the ICPI.

a contractor needs to remember that washed concrete sand meeting the gradation requirements of ASTM C33 and CSA Photo courtesy of Unique Environmental A23.1 is the only Concrete pavement systems offer durability, material the ICPI life-cycle and aesthetics. recommends for the setting bed. This being the case, some of the largest particles in the sand may be more difficult to sweep and compact into the joints. Still, some contractors prefer to use the bedding sand material for their jointing material since it means having one less material to control on a job site and they also feel that they achieve better interlock between the pavers.

Q: Don’t concrete pavers cost more than ready mix concrete or asphalt?

A: The initial costs of segmental pavements over concrete or asphalt may be more, but it has been shown that the life cycle cost of an interlocking concrete pavement system over a 40 year period is actually less. This is because pavers make up a maintenance free pavement.

Even in the short run, there are many advantages to using concrete pavers. Unlike asphalt or concrete, which need time to dry or cure once laid, pavers can be enjoyed as soon as they are installed. Finally, adding in the benefits of many more color and design choices available, it is easy to see why pavers offer the best value.

A: Yes, however

There are some alternatives to consider. ASTM C-144 and CSA 179 graded mason’s sand contains more fine particles and tend to fill the joints faster, making final compaction less time consuming. Both materials are approved alternatives by ICPI. Using mason’s sand makes sense if the time saved sweeping and compacting the sand into the joints outweighs the costs and inconvenience of having two kinds of sand at the jobsite. If not, then consider using bedding sand. Some contractors feel that finer sands create tighter, less permeable joints. A third alternative is prepackaged polymeric sand. When activated with water according to manufacturers instructions, this sand will harden, inhibiting weed growth, insect infestation, and sand run off from the joints. Generally, polymeric joint sands tend to cost more than C-33 washed concrete sand and masons sand, and require extra steps and time, so this should also be estimated into the project costs accordingly. Whatever the final decision may be, the ICPI does NOT recommend using stone dust, limestone screenings or other materials that do not conform to either C-33 or C-144 gradation specifications.

UAC MAGAZINE • JULY/AUGUST 2015

Because of the system of sand filled joints, unlike concrete or asphalt pavements, an interlocking concrete pavement will not crack. If there is maintenance that needs to be performed underneath the pavement, pavers can be easily unzipped then reinstated when the work is done- as opposed to noisy and messy demolition, disposal and replacement of concrete or asphalt. Stains are easily treated as most pavers can either be cleaned with special cleaners or easily replaced.

sand be used for joint sand?

URBAN AG For more information on joint sands, refer to ICPI Tech Spec #2, Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavements at icpi.org.

Q: Why are screening and stone dust not recommended for the bedding layer?

A: Screenings have excessive amounts of

fines (passing the No. 200 screen), which compromises the ability to bear and distribute loads. These small particles hold excessive amounts of water, causing the bedding layer to become saturated. This liquefied layer then becomes unstable and can even pump out of the joints. Properly graded course multi grained sands conforming to ASTM C33 and CSA A23.1 will perform better over time. This type of sand is readily available from your local supplier. Most suppliers may refer to this product as washed concrete sand. Ask your supplier for confirmation from the quarry that this material complies with the ASTM or CSA, specification especially regarding the amount passing the number 200 sieve. It is recommended that the maximum amount passing this sieve is 1%.

Q: How do you go about laying paver next to a new foundation? Do you need a special fill? Do you need to wait a certain period?

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;˘ JULY/AUGUST 2015

A: Installing any new pavement next to a new

foundation can always be tricky. Typically, new foundations are not backfilled in layers and rarely compacted throughout. As a result, these areas are prone to settlement. A paver contractor needs to evaluate every situation on a case by case scenario. To encourage settlement of the soil before construction, some contractors will attach a pipe with a high pressure nozzle to the end of a hose and stick it in the ground at regular intervals around the foundation. This is then followed by compaction with a vibratory plate compactor. Never start laying pavers until the sub grade and base are compacted to ICPI standards.

Q: How can I minimize sand washing out of the joints and also minimize weed growth?

A: There are several types of joint sand

stabilizers available on the market today. Some are dry additives that are bagged and preblended with sand and some come in different size buckets that you can mix on site with your own sand. There are also liquid sealers that also act as joint sand stabilizers that can be applied directly over a typical joint sand application. The best alternative should be determined by the contractor, considering application method, experience, manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s recommendations, job conditions and budget.

FAQ: Permeable pavement Q: What is permeable interlocking concrete pavement?

A: Permeable interlocking concrete pavement

(PICP) consists of manufactured concrete units that reduce stormwater runoff volume, rate, and pollutants. The impervious units are designed with small openings that create permeable joints. The openings typically comprise 5% to 15% of the paver surface area and are filled with highly permeable, small-sized aggregates. The joints allow stormwater to enter a crushed stone aggregate bedding layer and base that supports the pavers while providing storage and runoff treatment. PICPs are highly attractive, durable, easily repaired, require low maintenance, and can withstand heavy vehicle loads. The picture shows installed pavers in a Seattle, Washington residential neighborhood. PICP significantly reduces the total amount of impervious surface and runoff.

Q: How is a PICP surface cleaned and how often?

A: The openings in the surface of PICPs

will require periodic removal of detritus and sediment trapped by the small sized crushed stone. Dirt is typically removed by a vacuumsweeping street cleaning machine. Cleaning is done when the pavement surface and detritus are dry and can be loosened by sweeping and vacuuming. The frequency of cleaning will vary with the use of the pavement and position

URBAN AG of sediment, leaves, etc. from adjacent areas. Cleaning should be done at least once a year, and the surface monitored during the early life of the pavement so that a regular cleaning schedule can be established. A North Carolina State University study has shown that the initial surface infiltration rate of PICPs can be as high as 2,000 in./hour (5,080 cm/hour). Other research has shown that near initial surface infiltration rates can be restored through cleaning and replacement of the initial 3/4 to 1 in. (20 to 25 mm) depth of small stones in the openings of PICPs. For highly clogged pavement openings, the stones can be removed with vacuuming and replaced with clean material. This is a distinct maintenance advantage over pervious concrete and porous asphalt pavements.

Q: Is there any benefit to using PICPs on low-infiltration soils such as some types of clays?

A: Yes. If soil infiltration is slow (generally well

Q: Does the surface conform to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements?

A: Yes. ADA Design Guidelines require that

surfaces be firm, stable and slip resistant. PICP designs can provide a firm and stable surface for visually impaired persons and those using wheeled mobility devices. If the openings in the surface are not desired, solid units can be used in areas subject to disabled persons. Such areas might include designated spaces in parking lots.

in freeze and thaw conditions?

A: PICPs have been in service for years in

freezing climates and have performed adequately. Many projects throughout Canada, the northern U.S., the United Kingdom and Germany speak to the durability of these pavement systems in cold climates, and their ability to accept snowplows and salts without paver damage. In order to ensure high durability in freezing climates, the paving units should conform to the requirements of ASTM C 936 in the U.S. or CSA A231.2 in Canada. Both of these product standards include tests for freezethaw durability. When the sun and temperature are right, ice and snow on PICPs can melt and immediately soak into the pavement surface. Water does not collect on the surface and re-freeze. This reduces slipping hazards. Sand should not be used for foot or tire traction on PICP. Deicing salts can be used. After plowing, melting of any remaining snow can occur if the temperature rises above freezing. This will help eliminate ice from forming and reduce salt contamination in groundwater. Water in the base typically should drain within 24 hours. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unlikely that ice will form in the base within this time period should temperatures drop below freezing. If the water does freeze before draining, there is adequate space for the ice to expand within the open-graded base, thereby minimizing the risk of heaving. Should soil heaving occur, the pavement surface is flexible and should not be damaged from minor upward movement or from resettlement during a thaw.

Q: What intensity and duration of storms can be managed?

A: It depends on the amount of water that

drains onto the PICP, the depth (and storage capacity), the base, the infiltration rate of the soil under an open-graded base and the presence of drain pipes within an open-graded base. PICPs are intended to manage water quantities and pollutants from smaller, more frequent storms such as those with a return period of 10 years or less. These storms tend to be shorter in duration and often have the highest concentrations

UAC MAGAZINE â&#x20AC;˘ JULY/AUGUST 2015

under 0.5 in./hour or 4 x 10-6 m/sec), perforated plastic pipe drains at the bottom of the base can remove excess water while still allowing some of the water to infiltrate into the soil. The drainage rate for the water contained in the base is typically no greater than 72 hours including the rainfall event. Over practically impervious soils or high bedrock, an impervious pond liner can be used to detain, filter and release the water through drain pipes. Regardless of the rate of soil infiltration, the filtering action of the opengraded base can reduce water pollutants. All permeable pavements require periodic surface cleaning.

Q: How well does the pavement perform

URBAN AG of pollutants. PICPs with significant storage, strategic placement and widespread use can be used to help reduce flooding from larger infrequent rainstorms.

Q: Should a dense-graded or open-graded aggregate base be used under PICPs?

A: An open-graded base is most commonly

used because it has water storage capacity (void space between the aggregates) of typically 30% to 40%. The stone sizes in open-graded bases can be as large as 3 in. (75 mm) and as small as 1/4 in. (6 mm). There is typically a thinner layer of small stone sizes (6 mm to 1 mm) used for bedding directly under the concrete pavers. The bedding and base bedding material maximizes storage, filtering, and treatment of pollutants in stormwater runoff entering the pavement surface. Open-graded bases are preferred because of the storage and treatment benefits.

FAQ: Design professionals Q: What is the maximum slope for concrete pavers?

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A: For non-vehicular uses such as embankment

stabilization, the maximum slope is determined by the angle of repose of the bedding sand, typically around 35 to 38 degrees, assuming the subgrade is stable at that angle. For vehicular traffic, the highest slope in use is 18% (about 10 degrees) in a street in Colma, California. Special consideration is given to the drainage of the bedding sand at the bottom of the slope. Contact ICPI for details and guidance. Intermittent concrete header beams are generally not required.

Q: How are crosswalks designed? A: Concrete headers typically used in paver

crosswalks perform like bridge abutments. The pavement on aggregate base located on both sides of the header (in and outside the crosswalk) will deform at the junction of flexible pavement and rigid concrete. Why? Because thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s no interlock between the aggregate base and the adjacent concrete. For that reason, most crosswalks should be placed on a concrete base

with concrete headers separating the pavers from the adjacent pavement (typically asphalt). The base on the immediate sides of the concrete base should be stabilized with cement to provide additional stiffness and reduce the likelihood of deformation at its junction with the concrete headers. The concrete base under the pavers should have drain holes, typically 25 to 50 mm diameter. They should be at the lowest elevations and covered with geotextile to prevent loss of bedding sand. For more information, read ICPI Tech Spec 20 on crosswalks.

Q: What is the AASHTO structural number of pavers?

A: Paver and bedding sand are considered as a

single layer whose structural number is 0.44 per inch or 1.82 for 80 mm thick pavers and 25 mm of bedding sand. This structural contribution is equivalent to the same thickness of asphalt but is not weakened by hot temperatures. For more information on structural numbers, see ICPI Tech Spec 4 on Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Pavements.

Q: How is base thickness determined? A: ICPI follows the design methods for flexible pavement in AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. There is a structural equivalency between asphalt and concrete paver/sand layer. ICPI Tech Spec 4 offers design guidance that follows this design procedure.

Q: How well do interlocking concrete pavements perform over the long term?

A: One of the best performance examples for

streets and sidewalks is found in North Bay, Ontario - 20 Years Later on http://www.icpi.org/ node/2091. Actually, the pavement has been in service for over 30 years while surviving cold winters with deicing salts and large snow plows. For more information visit www.icpi.org. This article is copyrighted by the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI) and reproduced with their permission.

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Pro project Unique Environmental Landscapes unique-environmental.com

Before

This homeowner called us in to address a significant drainage issue. Their relatively small and compact yard had a significant right to left slope, all wedged between large homes. The upper neighbor’s water flowed into their side yard and formed a pool of water with every rainfall.

Our first task was to incorporate downspouts into a drainage system and build a dry creek bed to manage the water flow. Before starting plant placement, we limbed up the Leyland Cypress to expand the narrow space and bring in more light. The homeowner can now use all areas of the space due to walkways, drainage solutions, and new patio area.

2015 UAC media guide Here’s your road map: > Opportunities including advertising, exhibit space, and sponsorships > Specifications and deadlines > Discount options to stretch your marketing budget

Download your copy today:

urbanagcouncil.com

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Controlling adult mosquitoes Start by controlling their habitat by Elmer Gray, UGA Entomologist

Ary Farajollahi, Bugwood.org

Mosquito larvae

Larval and pupal habitats can range from items as small as trays and saucers to abandoned pools, or more natural sites like swamps and marshes and everything in between. Adult mosquito control is a growing business and mosquito season 2015 is off

to a rather normal start, with slightly above normal levels of moisture in some regions of the state. Summer rainshowers provide conditions conducive to mosquito development, but depending on the local environment, success can vary. The first technique in most mosquito control programs is eliminating mosquito larvae development (larviciding) and a second step is elimination of adult mosquitoes (adulticiding).

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Eliminate larvae

Mosquito larvae (commonly called wigglers due to their movement through the water column) and pupae (commonly called tumblers) require standing water to develop. Larval and pupal habitats can range from items as small as trays and saucers to abandoned pools, or more natural sites like swamps and marshes and everything in between. If an item, or site, can hold water for a week it can serve as a larval habitat. Water enriched with organic nutrients is particularly problematic and should always be evaluated for mosquito development. Standing water that cannot be eliminated should be evaluated for mosquito development. If mosquito larvae or pupae are present the site

should be treated with an EPA-approved product. Products containing the insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti), often described as “mosquito dunks” are highly effective against the larval stage and are safe for pets and other animals. A variety of products and active ingredients are available and effective and all are listed in the UGA Pest Management Handbook published by the University of Georgia CAES. With all pesticides, it is critical to follow the label instructions closely. In addition, most types of fish are effective predators against the mosquitoes’ larval and pupal stage. If fish swim for cover as you approach a site, then it is probably not producing a significant number of mosquitoes. Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), a type of top-feeding minnow, are an excellent choice for mosquito suppression in retention/ detention ponds and other areas where there are not natural fish populations.

Barrier and fogging for adult populations

Sites with extensive populations of adult mosquitoes can be treated with adulticides. One technique is to use barrier sprays. In this case, a pesticide solution is mixed using one of the variety of products labeled for adult mosquitoes (permethrin or bifenthrin are most commonly available). The solution is sprayed on the shrubbery and ground vegetation in the area where the adult mosquitoes are present. Ground cover (such as English Ivy) is a preferred site for adult mosquitoes to rest during the heat of the day and should be targeted. Applications should target the bottom and under-surfaces of leaves, plants and structures where the adult mosquitoes rest. Applicators should be particularly careful to avoid spraying flowering plants where pollinators may be present.

URBAN AG Another technique for suppressing adult mosquito populations involves using some type of small “fogging” applicator. These devices create a fog of small droplets that when released into an area where adult mosquitoes are present will cause mortality. This technique only targets the adult mosquitoes that are present and come in contact with the very-small droplets of insecticide. It is important to combine this technique with prevention of larval development (remove areas of standing water) so that mosquito repopulation does not occur. The fog type application is typically conducted at dawn or dusk when there are only light breezes and the sun is not heating the ground surfaces significantly. Treatments conducted late in the day will avoid most bee activity. However, applicators should carefully consider all efforts to communicate with bee keepers and avoid areas where bee hives are located.

West Nile Virus (WNv)

Last year was a relatively quiet year for West Nile virus (WNv) in Georgia with only 13 cases and one death. The peak transmission period for WNv is late July through August. Seasonally specific weather conditions will play an important role determining the severity of the 2015 arbovirus season. Unfortunately, a new mosquito borne virus has spread from Asia and Africa. Chikungunya is a disease caused

Got mosquitoes?

Pesticide applicator licensing for mosquito control

A couple of years ago Georgia created a mosquito control category for certified pesticide applicators, Category 41 – Commercial Mosquito Control. Applicators who were already treating mosquitoes before this time under Category 31 (Public Health) are allowed to continue treating mosquitoes using their current license. New applicators should obtain a Category 41 license. The training manual for Category 41 is very helpful, since it was created to be used as a resource for smaller operators. Order the Mosquito Pesticide Applicator study materials (Mosquito Biology, Surveillance and Control) at www.caes.uga.edu/publications/for_sale.cfm There is also a video to help prepare for the exam: www.gamosquito.org/training.html Commercial companies conducting large-scale mosquito control programs may need to file a Notice of Intent (NOI) for an NPDES permit. The website for the Georgia Mosquito Control Association (gamosquito.org) has information on permitting and is loaded with other relevant information.

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If adult mosquitoes are present, it is extremely important that people use an EPA-approved repellent (DEET, Picaridin, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus or IR3535) to avoid bites. The best way to prevent a mosquito-borne disease (West Nile virus, LaCrosse Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Chikungunya) is to not get bitten. Products containing DEET are still the gold standard, being approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics for children as young as two months. Adults should apply the repellent to their hands and then rub all exposed skin on the child. Complete coverage is essential as the female mosquito is very good at finding any untreated areas. Wash treated areas with soap and water upon leaving the mosquito infested areas.

by a virus spread by mosquitoes from person to Currently, Tuxedo Mosquito person. This virus Control is the only UAC member is now common company specializing solely in throughout the mosquito control. Contact them to Caribbean basin help with your mosquito problem. and has the potential to cause Tuxedo Mosquito Control “incapacitating David Maddox joint pain.” Georgia P: 678.582.8141 E: dmaddox@tuxedomosquitocontrol.com had 34 cases last W: www.tuxedomosquitocontrol.com year resulting from people traveling to the Caribbean area. The virus is transmitted by the container-breeding mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (the Yellow Fever mosquito) and A. albopictus (the Asian Tiger mosquito). Chikungunya will typically appear 4-7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and is characterized by high fever and joint pain.

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