URBAN AG COUNCIL MAGAZINE GEORGIA
Keeping Georgia’s green industry informed
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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JULY/AUGUST 2016
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UAC Magazine Official publication of the Georgia Urban Agriculture Council
Board of Directors Todd Jarrett, President Arbor Hill Nurseries Matt Lowe Swift Straw Josh Morrow Athletic Fields, Inc. Ken Morrow Sod Atlanta Chris Nelson Chattahoochee Nature Center Bob Scott Irrigation Consultant Services Ray Wiedman Outdoor Expressions Ron White TurfPride Dixie Speck, Past President Solterra Landscape
Ex Officio Ellen Bauske UGA Extension Public Service Assistant Bodie Pennisi UGA Extension Horticulturist Clint Waltz UGA Extension Turf Agronomist
Staff Mary Kay Woodworth Executive Director Kathy Gatten Johnson Marketing Director & Editor
A member of:
Georgia Urban Ag Council PO Box 817 Commerce GA 30529 P: 800.687.6949 F: 706.336.6898 E: info@georgiauac.com www.urbanagcouncil.com All contents copyright 2016
GEORGIA
JULY/AUGUST 2016
UAC NEWS
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Executive Director message What did you miss? April UAC Networking + Education Dinner Setting the standard Josh Morrow joins UAC board 2015 Safety Zone Award winners 2015 GALA call for entries
BUSINESS 26 28 32 36
Coach up, not out Play a role in your employees’ success Protect your payroll Tips for compliance with new overtime rules Making your P&L bulletproof Improve your chances of getting a loan Creating a successful fall Learning from the mistakes of the spring
INDUSTRY 40 Irrigation is part of the solution Addressing water resource challenges 43 G.A.T.E. Updated sales tax exemption guide 44 SEGreen debuts this summer SNA’s vision for the future 46 2015 UGA Turfgrass Research Field Day Gather in Griffin August 4 46 Jespersen joins UGA Turf Team Researching turfgrass stressors 47 Updated pest book now available online Free download
URBAN AG
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Get a grip on watering Managing landscape irrigation projects Rotary nozzles fit the task How to efficiently irrigate narrow spaces Getting ahead of Poa annua Enhancing control in Georgia lawns Pest management revisited Beneficial insect preservation Who’s eating those plants? Wildlife knowledge solves the mystery Outdoor design trends and challenges Hardscape projects
REGULAR FEATURES
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Save the date Me & my mentor Jutt Howard, NG Turf Have you met...Rick Barnes, Downey Trees Pro project Michaelangelo’s Sustainable Landscaping & Design Pest 411 Twospotted spider mites Safety works OSHA fines increase What the tech? Google announces changes
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Atlanta Botanical Garden Georgia Agribusiness Council Georgia Arborist Association Georgia Association of Water Professionals Georgia Green Industry Association Georgia Urban Forest Council Georgia Water Alliance National Association of Landscape Professionals Southern Nursery Association
URBAN AG COUNCIL MAGAZINE
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UAC NEWS
Dear UAC Members and Supporters, Before we get to the positive news, we
must address a serious issue: labor, and the lack thereof. There are very few companies in our industry who have not at some time had difficulty finding, recruiting, or hiring a labor force.
Mary Kay Woodworth Executive Director
We are very disappointed to say that we’ve had several calls this spring from business owners, reporting that fellow UAC members are approaching their employees at service stations and on jobsites, attempting to hire them away. This is not cool, not ethical, not professional. Upon application to membership in UAC, companies are required to agree to and sign UAC’s Code of Ethics, which includes: “To promote honesty and professionalism at all times.” This practice is unprofessional and dishonest. Please think twice before sending your recruiter or staff out to approach your fellow members’ employees.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Now, to the good news!
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July is Smart Irrigation Month, so enjoy reading the articles in this issue that focus on irrigation! We encourage you to use the resources that the National Irrigation Association provides on their website (irrigation.org/Resources/Smart_ Irrigation_Month/Consumer_Resources. aspx) to help inform your customers about the benefits of Smart irrigation – and encourage them to hire you to inspect and upgrade their systems! On behalf of the UAC Board of Directors, we are proud to announce that Todd Jarrett, Arbor Hill Nurseries, has been named president for 2016-2017. We thank Dixie Speck, Solterra Landscape, for her leadership as president for the last two years, and look forward to her insight and guidance as immediate past-president.
Josh Morrow, Athletic Fields, Inc., has been named to the board, representing the athletic/ sports fields sector (read more about Josh on page 8). In addition to Todd, Josh and Dixie, the UAC Board of Directors (and the sectors they represent) include Ray Wiedman, Outdoor Expressions (landscape/landcare); Ron White, TurfPride, Inc. (landscape/landcare); Bob Scott, Irrigation Consultant Services (irrigation); Matt Lowe, Swift Straw (vendor/supplier); Chris Nelson, Chattahoochee Nature Center (parks) and Ken Morrow, The Turfgrass Group (sod producers). Todd represents the nursery/grower sector and Dixie represents the landscape/ landcare sector. We’d also like to introduce you to UAC’s first summer intern, Maddie Jarrett (daughter of Todd Jarrett, Arbor Hill Nurseries). Maddie is a sophomore at Young Harris College in Hiawassee, majoring in Education. She graduated from Creekview High School in 2015, and last summer worked for an insurance firm. As Todd’s daughter, she’s familiar with our industry and will be a great asset to UAC! Maddie will be contacting our current members with a member needs and satisfaction survey, help with updating website profiles, and membership renewal. She also will be assisting UAC staff with a new membership recruiting campaign. Please join us in welcoming Maddie, and expect a call from her in the near future! As you may know, the UAC Insurance Programs are a key benefit of UAC membership. We have formed a very strong alliance with Snellings Walters Insurance Agency, who offer a refreshing approach to the program and an emphasis on truthful engagement and advocacy to build bridges between you and the insurance marketplace. Snellings Walters is providing a level of resources previously unknown to UAC and MALTA, and this partnership will ensure the association’s future growth. Through UAC, we hope that you
UAC NEWS
will consider Snellings Walters’ vision: “to be the insurance partner of choice, recognized for our innovative products, highly skilled associates and a standard of client care and service that re-shapes our industry.” The UAC Workers Comp program offers the best in the industry, with options for all sized companies (more on page 23). The more recent UAC Health Care Benefits program is poised to be the absolute best option for companies of all sizes to save time, save money and maintain and protect the health of employees and their families (more on page 39). Here’s what your fellow members think:
“Perimeter Landscape has been working with UAC and Michael Parker for many years to provide health care for our employees. With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, this relationship became critical due to the complexity of the regulations and compliance issues. As a business owner, my time is too valuable to waste trying to sort through these issues! Michael and his team along with UAC give me the freedom and the confidence to focus on my business while providing my employees with the highest quality, most affordable health care coverage!”
“Patten Seed Company was looking for innovative ideas to provide quality health benefits for our employees. Michael Parker with Snellings Walters was wonderful to work with. Michael listened to our concerns, took the time to understand our culture and worked with us to formulate a plan flexible enough to grow with our company.” Ben Copeland, Jr., VP Super-Sod/Patten Seed
“I believe that all members of a profession, whether it’s garbage collection or doctors, owe it to the industry as a whole to support that industry through actual work, financial On behalf of the UAC Board of Directors, means, or at we are proud to announce that Todd Jarrett, least emotionally Arbor Hill Nurseries, has been named by attending president for 2016-2017. meetings, whatever, to grow their own knowledge, and also to improve their industry through the advancement of collective knowledge, through research, sharing of common problems, and mentoring of newer members. Under this mandate would be participating in any programs that the professional industry organization, has to offer, thereby helping UAC broaden its scope and bolster its finances also, if at all possible. That is why we try to participate in any and all programs that are offered.” Dick Bare, CEO/President Arbor-Nomics Turf
We hope that you’ll explore these options for your company, and hope to see you at our many summer and fall events, including UGA Turfgrass Field Day, SE Green Landscape Conference and our UAC dinners and Lunch + Learn. Details inside.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Pat Schultz, President Perimeter Landscape Management, Inc.
Dick Bare, ArborNomics, goes a step further, speaking to participation in all programs that UAC offers:
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UAC NEWS
WHAT DID YOU MISS? UAC Networking + Education Dinner
“Right Plants, Right Place, Right Now” Eric King, King Landscaping
April 19 Topiary Courtyard Norcross, GA
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
ForGed From ScIence
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UAC NEWS
Setting the standard
Josh Morrow joins the UAC Board of Directors Josh Morrow has been in the sports field and sod business most of his life, following
in his father’s (Ken Morrow) footsteps, from sprigging fields in the ‘90s to running athletic fields. Morrow is a past president of the Georgia Turfgrass Association, which is now part of the “Together, we will set Georgia Urban Ag the standard for quality Council. He has been and environmentally a member of the beneficial products and Sports Turf Managers services.” Association since 2005. He graduated from Auburn University with a business management degree.
Currently, Morrow is president/owner of Athletic Fields, Inc. and an area manager for Super-Sod. He is based in Cartersville, GA. “Our industry has to have a united voice to protect it so it can grow. A lot of people do not realize how urban agriculture benefits our economy and our environment. This association provides a united voice to our legislators and consumers, and valuable training and information to its members. UAC’s membership needs to be made up of the best landscapers, sports field mangers, golf course superintendents and sod farmers in our state. Together, we will set the standard for quality and environmentally beneficial products and services.” While serving on UAC’s board, Morrow plans to help grow the association. He will seek to get members involved who can bring new ideas to the table and challenge us as an industry, while also providing valuable knowledge and training to the membership.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
2015 Safety Zone awards
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Company
Awards
Arbor-Nomics Turf
Safety Excellence - Large Company
Classic Landscapes
Vehicle Safety Health Lost Time Safety First Safety Excellence - Small Company
Landmark Landscapes
Safety Improvement - Large Company
Rainmaker Irrigation
Vehicle Safety
Ward Frost, Arbor-Nomics Turf
At the April 19 UAC dinner, the 2015 UAC Safety Zones awards were presented by outgoing UAC president, Dixie Speck. These awards recognize UAC member companies who have implemented safety and loss prevention programs through management commitment, employee involvement, and program innovation. Congratulations to all the winners, for making safety a priority and for taking the time to enter!
John Newman, Classic Landscapes
Peter Thelen, Landmark Landscapes
GALA
GALA
GEORGIA URBAN AG COUNCIL
GEORGIA LANDSCAPE AWARDS
Call for entries
The tradition started with the Metro Atlanta Landscape and Turf Association, then continued with the Georgia Urban Ag Council. For over 20 years, we have celebrated the excellence of our members by showcasing their projects. This year the celebration continues.
What’s new?
More time to enter. We’ve pushed back both the Early Bird deadline and the final deadline for entry. Now you have until the end of this year to gather your photos and write your documents. But start now and avoid the rush!
Why enter? Work hard, celebrate harder. You and your crews are used to working long hard hours, but when was the last time you celebrated your success? Take the time to take a bow. The GALA awards are a great way to reward yourself and your employees.
Regional judges. We’re casting a wider net when looking for experienced professionals who can assess the details of these entries.
Awards ceremony and banquet. The 2016 awards will be announced and celebrated at the GALA banquet and ceremony. Walk the green carpet and have your group photo made on the GALA runway.
Expanded media coverage of winners. From articles in Atlanta Home Improvement Magazine and our own UAC Magazine to project profiles highlighted on the Georgia Landscape Pro blog, your work and your company will gain valuable exposure.
Grand winners featured on UAC’s home page for one year. The projects earning the highest awards will be front and center on UAC’s website.
Expanded entry window (projects can be up to five years old). By popular demand, projects up to five years old now will be eligible for award consideration. Online submission. Upload your documents and images to UAC’s website. No more burning CDs and rushing to the mailbox!
TIMELINE
Early Bird deadline
Save $25 per entry! 12:00 noon Friday, December 2, 2016 Final deadline for entries
12:00 noon Friday, December 30, 2016 Judging of entries
Mid-January 2017 Notification of awards
Late January 2017 Awards banquet & ceremony
Late February 2017 Location to be announced
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
2016
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GALA
Awards
Entry submission does not guarantee an award. Grand Distinction Merit Green Star Community Stewardship Judges’ Choice
Eligibility
Expanded entry window >
• • •
• •
For projects judged as greatly exceeding all criteria for the category For projects judged as superior in their overall evaluation For projects that meet the standard in the category Special designation that may be given, at the sole discretion of the judges Special designation that may be given, at the sole discretion of the judges Special designation that may be given, at the sole discretion of the judges
Only UAC members in good standing may submit entries (dues must be current). There is no limit to the number of entries per company, but: 1) each project can be entered in one category only; and 2) multiple entries for one property address will not be accepted. Previous UAC award entries can be resubmitted if new photos are provided, except: • Projects that previously received a Grand Award cannot be re-entered in the same category. • Seasonal color entries: properties that previously received a Grand Award may be resubmitted, but the new entry must have a completely new design. The project cannot be owned by the entering company. Projects may be no more than five years old.
Entry General statement procedures • Create a general statement of not more than 400 words to summarize how the project meets the •
judging criteria, the owner’s objectives and specific job challenges. Download and use the template for this document at urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-awards-entry-info Statements longer than 400 words will be edited before judging. Be your own editor to make sure the judges hear what is most important to your entry. Eliminate extra words before submitting your statement. • Do not include your company name in the general statement. • Upload: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards/submit-entry-uac-awards • Mail: print on plain white paper, identifying the entry by the name of the property owner and include in your entry packet; save this statement as a Microsoft Word file on the CD that will be submitted.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Photographs
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Incorrectly formatted photos will disqualify your entry. Please call if you have any questions.
Select a minimum of six and a maximum of ten photos, including “before” and “after” photos taken from the same vantage point for Group 1 entries (see photography tips in this document). • Photos may be horizontal or vertical. • All photos must be digital, in jpeg format. • Slides and PowerPoint documents will not be accepted. • Image resolution for each photo must be at least 1920 pixels x 1080 pixels. • The company name must not be visible in any of the photos. • All photos submitted must be cleared for release upon submission. UAC accepts no responsibility for copyrights or photographic fees. • Photos may not be digitally corrected, enhanced, or resolution changed with editing software. • Rename each photo with the project name and then numbered from 01 to 10. Example: jonesresidence01, jonesresidence02, etc. • Upload: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards/submit-entry-uac-awards • Mail: save the photos on the CD that will be submitted. •
GALA
Photo descriptions • •
Download and use the template for photo descriptions at urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-awardsentry-info Limit each photo description to one or two sentences, explaining what the image is and why it is important. Do not include your company name in the photo descriptions. • Number each description to correspond with each numbered photo. For Group 1 entries, specify whether each image is “before” or “after.” • If you have a preference for which photo may be used on UAC’s website, please indicate your choice of one horizontal photo in this document. • Upload: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards/submit-entry-uac-awards • Mail: print the photo description document on plain white paper and include the hard copy in your entry packet; save this photo description document as a Microsoft Word file and include it on the CD that will be submitted.
Upload entry • •
Prefer to complete a paper application and mail your entry? Download the document at urbanagcouncil. com/gala-georgialandscape-awards/ landscape-awardsentry-info
Go to urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards/submit-entry-uac-awards Follow instructions to upload images and documents, complete online entry form, and submit payment.
Mail entry packet • • • •
Complete the Entry Form, Image Checklist, and Entry Checklist on pages 6-7 and include in your entry packet. To submit more than one entry, please photocopy this form. Write the project name and company name on the CD and enclose in a paper CD envelope. Each entry must be submitted in its own separate envelope. Multiple entries may then be sent together in a larger envelope. For the Early Bird discount, entries must be received by 12:00 noon on Friday, December 2, 2016. All entries are due by 12:00 noon on Friday, December 30. Mail to: Georgia UAC, PO Box 817, 1655 South Elm Street, Commerce GA 30529. Call for hand delivery instructions.
Group 1
Group 2
Design/Build/Installation
Landscape Management
2. Residential, under $50,000 3. Residential, $50,000 - $150,000 4. Residential, over $150,000 5. Commercial, under $75,000 6. Commercial, $75,000 - $200,000 7. Commercial, $201,000 - $500,000 8. Commercial, over $500,000 9. Seasonal color - residential Includes container designs 10. Seasonal color - commercial Includes container designs
11. Residential 12. Commercial
Group 3 Landscape Lighting 13. Residential 14. Commercial
Green Star 15. Green Star Award
Community Stewardship 16. Community Stewardship Award Judging criteria and rules of entry on next page.
Entries may be changed to a more appropriate category at the discretion of UAC’s Board of Directors. You will be contacted if such a change is made.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
1. Small Space Must be a complete project (not part of a larger project) and no larger than 1,000 square feet. No minimum or maximum dollar limits. Includes but is not limited to courtyards, rooftops, and storefronts. Container designs should be entered in the seasonal color categories.
Project categories
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GALA
Submissions not following these rules of entry cannot be accepted.
Judging criteria
Rules of entry
Group 1: Design/Build/Installation • Overall appearance, including design • Degree of difficulty • Quality of materials • Appropriate scale and functionality
• Must meet eligibility requirements and follow entry procedures. • For residential projects, both the design and the installation must have been completed by the UAC member company entering the project. • Copy of the contract’s signature page listing date of installation, actual cost and scope of the project is required. A landscape plan is not required. • The seasonal color categories include container designs.
Group 2: Landscape Management • Overall appearance • Degree of difficulty • Appearance of turf, trees, shrubs, ground cover, and seasonal color
• Must meet eligibility requirements and follow entry procedures. • Set of specifications (scope of work) required. • Project must have been maintained by the entering company for at least six months.
Group 3: Landscape Lighting • Overall appearance • Degree of difficulty • Quality of materials • Appropriate scale and functionality • Increases safety and security • Enhances plantings/architecture
• Must meet eligibility requirements and follow entry procedures. Entries must include: • Copy of invoice billed to customer. • Copy of low-voltage license and electrical contractor license. • Design plan with legend showing materials, fixtures, transformer locations. • Both day and night images taken from the same viewpoint.
Green Star - Special designation that may be given, at the sole discretion of the judges Project must have employed sustainable solutions. Examples include (but are not limited to) the use of native trees and plants, organic fertilizers and pest control, water management, pervious surfaces, rainwater capture, green roof, and right plants in the right place.
• Must meet eligibility requirements and follow entry procedures. • Design/Build/Installation or Landscape Management entries that win a Distinction or a Grand Award are eligible for consideration. • Provide a statement of sustainable solutions used (download template at urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-awards-entry-info). • Winners will be announced the night of the banquet.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Community Stewardship - Special designation that may be given, at the sole discretion of the judges
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For projects that: • Improve the resident’s quality of life • Promote a safe, healthy, and sustainable environment • Contribute to the social and economic wellbeing of the community • Demonstrate innovative examples of doing well and doing good Entries must show: • Commitment to volunteerism and service • Consistency in leadership and outreach documented over a three-year period • Demonstrated positive outcome of volunteer activities
Judging procedures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
• Must meet eligibility requirements and follow entry procedures. Entries must include: • Short statement (maximum of 400 words) describing the company’s philosophy on community stewardship (download template at urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-awards-entry-info). • Detailed list of projects, donations, volunteer activities, and civic responsibilities over a three-year period. • Winners will be announced the night of the banquet.
Entries do not compete against each other; they are evaluated using the judging criteria. Judges may designate multiple entries to receive awards within any category. All entries are judged without knowledge of who entered the project. A panel of professionals representing various aspects of the industry evaluate the entries. All judges’ decisions are final.
GALA
Success tips Choosing a project to enter • •
Entries are not judged against each other. The type, size and cost of projects are not criteria for judging. Review the judging criteria for your category and make sure you can “sell” the project in each area that will be judged. Let it grow. Allow plants to mature before entering. Projects may be up to five years old.
Entry materials •
Questions? Need help with any part of the application process? Contact us: 800.687.6949 or kathy@georgiauac.com
Make sure that your entry packet is complete. Some entries require additional documents. See entry procedures and follow the checklists.
General statement •
• •
Make your descriptions clear and concise. This is not a creative writing contest; judges are looking for the facts without any fluff. Download a general statement template and fill in the blanks: urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-awards-entry-info. Discuss challenges. Judges pay attention to level of detail and degree of difficulty. Your general statement and photos should tell the judges how well you met the criteria.
Photography • • •
•
Photography is the most important part of your entry. You have a maximum of ten opportunities to convince the judges that your entry deserves an award. Consider the view from multiple angles to best capture the project in its entirety. Time of day is important. The light is always most flattering at dawn and dusk. Look up “golden hour” on the web. If you must shoot in the middle of the day, choose an overcast day or use a polarizing filter. Spend time prepping the area. This is like advertising dollars. Put down fresh pine straw. Replace flowers if needed. Cut the grass. Remove the dead leaves.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
• “Before” and “after” shots have the most impact. Take shots from the same angle with some sort of landmark in view to help with visual reference. That makes the transformation easily apparent to the judges. • Tell the story with your photos. Take a variety of shots, some from a distance, some medium and some close-ups for detail. • Illustrate your main points. What are the main points you make in your general statement? What are the judging criteria for the category? Make sure your photos give visual evidence of those points. • Set the stage. Give living spaces more life with staging. A pitcher of water, some glasses and a book on a poolside table or the family dog sleeping on the lawn. • Clean with a fine-tooth comb. For maintenance projects, that one stray leaf or scrap of paper jumps off the screen when the image is enlarged. • Use a tripod. Most landscapes should be shot with a large depth of field which could mean a slow shutter speed, requiring the stability of a tripod. • Keep it simple. A few strong elements are more interesting than a lot of small facets. If there is too much going on, the eye doesn’t know where to focus and the impact is lost. • Capture the project at the peak/grown-in look. Ideally, take maintenance photos so everything looks well maintained but not necessarily right after the turf is cut or the mulch applied. Let things settle out for a more natural look. • Hire a photographer. It would be a shame to misrepresent your project with photos that don’t do it justice. Just make sure the photographer understands the story you want to tell.
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SAVE THE DATE
AUG
4
Visit urbanagcouncil.com for updates and to register.
UGA Turfgrass Research Field Day DATE: Thursday, August 4, 2016 PLACE: UGA Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin GA 30223 Visit urbanagcouncil.com for registration link
UAC Networking + Education Dinner:
Use C.A.S.H.©,not Ca$h to improve under-performing employees Barry Rinehart, Compass Leadership Training
UAC Networking + Education Dinner:
Topic/Speaker to be advised
Please check urbanagcouncil.com for updates DATE: Tuesday, October 25 TIME: 5:30 networking/cash bar, 6:30 dinner & presentation PLACE: Heritage Sandy Springs
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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DEC
2
6110 Blue Stone Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30328
GALA
GEORGIA URBAN AG COUNCIL
Georgia Landscape Awards Early Bird entry deadline - save $$!
GEORGIA LANDSCAPE AWARDS
DATE: Friday, December 2
Learn more, download forms, apply online: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards/submit-entry-uac-awards
DEC
30
GALA
GEORGIA URBAN AG COUNCIL
Georgia Landscape Awards Entry deadline
GEORGIA LANDSCAPE AWARDS
DATE: Friday, December 30
Learn more, download forms, apply online: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards/submit-entry-uac-awards
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6110 Blue Stone Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30328
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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ME & MY MENTOR
Planning for success
Protecting your customer’s sod investment by Jutt Howard, NG Turf, Inc. Q: As a landscape contractor, I know that sod installation can be one of the biggest investments my customers make. What steps can I take to give their lawns the best chance of longterm success? The management of the turf in the weeks and months after the installation are critical. The end user has to be educated about best practices and that education process needs to begin long before the sod goes on the ground. > How will the area be used? > How will it be irrigated? > Are there any shade issues? The answers to these questions will aid in selecting the right variety of turf to fit the customers’ needs and expectations. The education process has to continue after the installation as well.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
> > > > >
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How often do I need to mow? When do I fertilize? What type and how much fertilizer do I use? How do I prevent weeds? How much do I need to water?
These are all common questions I hear from homeowners but unfortunately it’s usually after they are experiencing a problem. Creating a plan for success for the customer is key to avoiding problems and potential warranty issues.
Q: What are some common mistakes you see homeowners or end users making when maintaining their turf? Water, water, water I would say the number one area requiring client education is the importance of applying enough water during establishment. It is imperative that sod be watered immediately after being installed and followed up with daily irrigation to maintain moisture underneath the sod until it’s fully established. After establishment, one inch of water per week is enough to maintain acceptable quality. Encourage your client to use a tuna can to calibrate their irrigation system.
Fertility The second opportunity to offer assistance is with fertility. The most common mistake I see homeowners make with their turf is not a lack of nutrients but too much, too soon and too often. A soil test prior to installation is recommended. Once the pH of the soil is known, the appropriate levels of lime and fertilizer can be incorporated into the soil before laying the sod. Established Bermudas generally require and tolerate more frequent applications of nitrogen throughout the year. Established Zoysias should not receive nitrogen after July 1 to avoid a buildup of nitrogen that can increase disease pressure in the fall. Always educate the client to
Jutt Howard Farm Manager, NG Turf, Inc. Howard has been involved in the green industry for 15 years. He received a marketing degree from the University of West Georgia in 2010 and a Turf Grass Professional certification from the University of Georgia and PLANET in 2011. He has been with the family business, NG Turf, since 2010. Currently, he oversees production at one of their five Georgia locations where they grow 10 varieties of Bermuda, Zoysia, Fescue and Centipede grasses. While not working on the farm Jutt enjoys fishing, traveling and spending time with his wife, Natalie, and their son, Wyatt.
ME & MY MENTOR not begin fertilization in the spring until after the last threat of frost. This is usually April 15th around the metro Atlanta area.
Q: What’s new and exciting in the turf industry that I can share with my clients?
Mowing
The University of Georgia Tifton turf breeding program headed by Dr. Brian Schwartz has historically been committed to developing new Bermuda varieties. Recently UGA expanded its breeding efforts to include finding improved Zoysias. The next 10-20 years we will see new varieties with increased drought tolerance and low fertility and pesticide requirements. We may soon see turfs that are “round-up ready” much like the corn and soybeans varieties that are so popular in the row crop industry.
Mowing is said to be the most important part of maintaining a quality lawn. While frequency, sharp blades and changing mowing directions are all important, many of the problems I see related to mowing are in the spring during the transition from dormancy. Homeowners tend to like to maintain their lawns above two inches. For some varieties this is acceptable, however I would strongly suggest slowly bringing the mowing height down to no more than 1½” before the turf goes dormant. Our website (ngturf.com) has printable watering guides, fertility calendars and many other resources you can give to your clients. The University of Georgia has a great website with many tools as well (commodities.caes.uga. edu/turfgrass/georgiaturf/index).
This year saw the release of TIfTuf, a droughtresistant Bermuda released out of the UGA breeding program. There is a lot of excitement about its ability to maintain acceptable green color during periods of drought much longer than other varieties. With the emphasis on water conservation, a turf that needs 38% less water is something we can all be excited about!
Business-level UAC members:
Read more about TifTuf in the May/June 2016 UAC Magazine. Just log in as a member: urbanagcouncil.com
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
17
HAVE YOU MET
Rick Barnes
Downey Trees, Inc.
My first job in the green industry was... installing and maintaining tropical plants in interior settings. I worked as a college intern and for several years after graduation doing that.
The biggest challenge in my career has been...
Rick Barnes ISA Certified Arborist Address: 5266 Old Norcross Road
Norcross GA 30071
Phone: 678.878.0901 Email:
rbarnes@downeytreesinc.com
Web:
downeytreesinc.com
deciding to sell my company after 12 years. The wearing of all the hats you have to do when you own your own company was killing me. Business ownership is not for everybody. Coming to that realization was a long and difficult process.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
The people who have influenced my career are...many. First and foremost is my
18
wife, Nancy. She has supported me through everything I have done for over 40 years.
Right up there with her is George Sanko, whose inspirational botany classes set me on my career path. I still work with George at the GSU Native Plant Garden in Decatur; we are great friends. At UGA, Dr. Jake Tinga gave me a grip on the real world. Dr. Mike Dirr had just come to Georgia as I was nearing graduation, and one day asked me to come work for him at the State Botanical Garden. He was the director at the time. For my last few weeks of school, I mostly cut grass. Gary Wade, Extension Landscape Specialist (retired) was always a great friend and guide.
I’ll be forever grateful to Rick Upchurch, Nature Scapes, who purchased my landscape company and for whom I worked the next 20 years. He taught me the finer points of fairness in dealing with customers. I am amazed by the leadership of Paul Bagley, President of Downey Trees and my current employer. He has built a phenomenal organization. There are many others, but I would be remiss if I left out Sherry Loudermilk, Executive Director of GGIA for 25 years. I learned through her the value of grasping the bigger picture and thinking and working beyond the scope and reach of your own business or company. I also learned from her that when you donate your time and expertise, you get more in return than you ever put in. If you are not involved in UAC but wondering if you should be -do it! You’ll meet a lot of great people and always be glad you did.
My biggest career success so far has been...managing to make an honest living
for 36 years, making (most of) my customers happy, and earning the respect of my peers. In serving the industry, my greatest success came as I was serving as Chairman of the Georgia Green Industry Association. The late John Strickland was President of MALTA at the same time. He and I worked to make the Georgia Certified Landscape Professional (GCLP) a program sponsored, endorsed, and run by both associations. John later worked to move the program to UGA Extension and even took our program to another state. John was the only volunteer to serve in the top leadership positions of both GGIA and MALTA.
If I had it to do over again, I would...not try so damn hard to make everyone happy!
The thing I like most about my career is.... helping people solve their landscaping problems and improving their outdoor environments.
HAVE YOU MET My least favorite part of my job is....
I have just made a career change of sorts, so right now, there is no least favorite part!
One piece of advice I would give to someone entering the green industry today is...don’t try so damn hard to please everybody!
The one thing most responsible for my success is...showing up. If I could change careers, just for a month, I would...I just did! I hope it lasts more than a month or two!
One thing that really annoys me is... Atlanta traffic!
One thing most people don’t know about me is...that I try to identify plants that I see while watching movies or TV shows, even pictures in magazines and books.
When I’m not working, I like to...go backpacking or hiking to enjoy the natural gardens that God has created. It is amazing what He has done without a landscape or maintenance budget.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
19
SAVE THE DATE PRO PROJECT
Pro project Michaelangelo’s Sustainable Landscaping & Design This project was a complete residential makeover. We designed the residence to have form and function. The retaining walls, steps, and walkways were dilapidated and unusable. From start to finish, the design enhanced the entire entrance to the home.
Before
This was the beginning of the rip-out process: removing leaves, old shrubs and retaining walls. As you can see, there was an old grey stone walkway here as well.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Boulder walls replaced the rotten railroad ties, a new crab orchard walkway replaced the old stone walkway, new landscape lighting was placed along the pathway, and new plants were installed.
20
Before
This is the right side of the house. These old, rotten walls were holding up support beams for the front of the roof overhang.
Here we replaced the failing walls with new boulder walls and landscaped the hillside to help beautify the area and prevent erosion.
PEST 411
Twospotted spider mite
Look for damage in hot summer weather by UGA College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences
Spider mites have a very broad host range. They feed on conifers, deciduous trees and shrubs, as well as herbaceous plants.
Look for early signs of stippling with the beginning of hot summer weather. Examine the underside of damaged Frank Peairs, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org leaves or tap them over Close-up view of twospotted spider mites. white paper and look for spider mites with two spots. Also look for predators (phytoseiid mites, lady beetles) and note their abundance in relation to the number of mites.
Spider mites suck leaf juices, causing minute white-to-yellow stipples to appear. When large spider mite populations feed, the stipples coalesce and leaves may turn white to yellow to grayish-brown and then die. Some plants are particularly susceptible to spider mite toxins, and even low populations may cause leaves to die.
In dry, hot, sunny locations, this mite may produce one generation a week. Use horticultural oil or insecticidal soap sprays for low populations to conserve beneficials. When damage becomes objectionable, mite populations are high, and there are no beneficials, consider using a residual miticide spray. Reevaluate in one week.
During the growing season, adult
twospotted spider mites (Tretranychus urticae) are about 1/7 mm long, a little larger than a period on a page. They have one oval body segment with eight legs. They are greenishyellow with a black spot on each side of the body. Eggs are white to yellow. Reddish-orange adult females overwinter in bark cracks.
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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21
SAFETY WORKS
OSHA fines increase
More reasons to keep your workplace safe Information provided by Risk Management Partners on behalf of Snellings Walters Insurance Did you know that the Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) has maximum proposed penalties/fines per citations that are issued?
The amounts have increased nearly 52%, which OSHA justified by saying that the penalty amounts have not changed since 1990.
In this article we will outline the different fines, their maximum penalties, and the reasons OSHA might visit a location.
Citations and their penalties
Willful. A willful violation is one that the employer intentionally commits or a violation that the employer commits with plain indifference to the law. OHSA may propose penalties of up to $70,000 for each willful violation, with a minimum of $5,000 for each willful citation.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
22
Serious. A serious violation occurs when there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard. There is a mandatory penalty for serious violations which may be up to $7,000 for each citation.
Other-than-serious. An other-than-serious violation has a direct relationship to safety and health. In this case, the situation probably would not cause death or serious physical harm. OSHA may propose a penalty of up to $7,000 for each other-than-serious violation.
Repeated. A repeated violation is the same or similar to a previous violation. OSHA may propose up to $70,000 for each repeated
violation in another state, at other sites, and/or all sites. For example, if one site receives an equipment violation for not having proper guarding in place during use and is fined $4,000, then OHSA shows up at another company site and finds a similar violation, the company could receive an additional $70,000 fine. The timeline for repeat offenses is within five years of the first citation.
Maximum penalties increased
There also has been a recent change in the maximum proposed penalty amounts. The amounts have increased nearly 52%, which OSHA justified by saying that the penalty amounts have not changed since 1990. The President signed a budget bill called, “Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015.” The new increases will go into effect no later than August 1, 2016. Starting in January 2017, the penalties will be adjusted for inflation. Below are the types of citations and penalties with the new maximum amounts: Willful.................................. $106,658 Serious................................... $10,616 Other-than-serious ............. $10,616 Repeated.............................. $106,658
Reasons OSHA might visit Imminent danger. For example, if OSHA sees a tree care worker who is not properly tied off while working at height, OSHA can intervene and ensure that the worker is taken out of that imminent danger.
1.
SAFETY WORKS Fatality or hospitalizations. If OSHA is alerted to either a fatality or hospitalization, they will very quickly come to the location to do an inspection.
2.
Worker complaints/referrals. OSHA will investigate and treat all parties involved fairly.
3.
Target inspections. OSHA also can visit for a Local Emphasis Program (LEP) or a National Emphasis Program (NEP). These programs include outreach intended to make employers in the area aware of the programs as well as the hazards that the programs are designed to reduce or eliminate.
4.
5.
Follow-up inspection. OSHA can again visit the location to ensure that previous citations have been corrected.
Employer responsibilities
OSHA changed the employer responsibilities of reporting and recording checklist as of early 2016. Employers must alert OSHA if any of the following occurs: • • • •
Death of a worker One or more work-related hospitalization Amputation Loss of an eye
Please keep in mind OSHA’s main focus is to keep workplaces safe and healthy.
Employee Benefits | Insurance | Workers Comp 770.396.9600 | snellingswalters.com
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
The above outline of the new maximum fines and what injuries must be reported to OSHA is provided to help you minimize your risk of an OSHA violation and, in turn, keep your employees and your company safe.
23
WHAT THE TECH?
Google announces changes
Updates give small businesses a local boost By Kitty McConnell, Manta Content Editor
New features for AdWords, Analytics, Google Maps and local search will debut over the next few months. The changes will help small business owners better target their digital marketing to local customers and smartphone users.
Convert “near me” searches into sales. As of 2015, more searches were conducted on smartphones or tablets than desktop computers, said Sridhar Ramaswamy, Google’s senior vice president for ads and commerce. All those “near me” searches are great news for local businesses: On average, 75% of local mobile searches result in a store visit within the same day and 28% of those visits result in a purchase.
Build stronger AdWords campaigns. The biggest updates since AdWords’ introduction will be available to users on a wide scale later this year. The AdWords changes will give you: •
Keyword bidding based on the device your customers use the most to search for your products or services. This will save you money and make your mobilefirst SEM ads more effective.
•
More ad text. Google ads will gain 50% more ad text to better highlight your products and services for mobile users. Google reports that advertisers involved in early product tests have experienced a 20% increase in their click-through rates thanks to this change.
Google’s at it again! The search engine giant
announced major changes to its biggest products at the Google Performance Summit in late May. New features for AdWords, Analytics, Google Maps and local search will debut over the next few months. The changes will help small business owners better target their digital marketing to local customers and smartphone users. Mobile devices have erased the “dividing line between the digital world and the physical world,” said Jerry Dischler, Google’s vice president of product management, during the summit keynote address. UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
24
Manta is one of the largest online resources dedicated to small business. Create your free company profile at manta.com.
Location-related mobile searches have grown 50% faster than desktop searches in the past year, he said. Google’s changes will further erase the boundaries between online and brickand-mortar customer interactions, Dischler promised. The updates are designed to help businesses connect mobile customers with just the right information at just the right time. Here’s how Google’s mobile-first innovations will help you:
Mark your place on Google Maps. To help companies reach mobile customers at the moment they are searching for nearby businesses, Google is testing a promoted pin option that would allow businesses to pay to appear in Google Maps. Businesses will also be able to add searchable local inventory information to their business pages. Companies can use this bridge between the real world and the digital world—and increase foot traffic to stores—by providing useful local information when people are looking to buy. Google plans to debut a number of technical updates to AdWords, Analytics and local search as the year progresses.
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Visit your Flint location to find out more.
25
BUSINESS
Coach up, not out
Play a role in your employees’ success by Erin Saunders Everyone deserves good coaching and feedback, no
Employee ability
high
low
Guide
Empower
Partner
Teach
Employee motivation
high
You’ll want to assess the situation, select the best coaching approach, and engage in a coaching conversation. To do this, think about two areas of you employee’s performance: ability and motivation.
matter their role. But real-time on-thejob feedback is not a skill that everyone is comfortable with. Fortunately, it is a skill that can be learned and developed with practice. As you are able to embed coaching into your everyday life, it will enable you to build and strengthen the relationships on your team and achieve better results.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Good coaching focuses on what’s next, not what’s wrong. Coaching soft skills like emotional intelligence, relationship building, and communication can be just as critical to an employee’s performance and engagement as coaching the technical skills needed to do their job.
26
Guide, empower, partner, or teach?
The first step is to understand the right coaching approach. You’ll want to assess the situation, select the best coaching approach, and engage in a coaching conversation. To do this, think about two areas of you employee’s performance: ability and motivation. Let’s start with an employee’s ability. Do they have the skills or knowledge needed to do the job? If they have the skills needed, you should focus on guiding or empowering the employee, depending on their motivation level.
Employees who need guidance are usually experienced in their role or task, but lack motivation. They know what they need to do and have the skills to do it, but may need to better understand the significance of an assignment. For them, it’s all about making it relevant. Give the employee a solid answer to “what’s in it for me?” You’ll want to address the employee’s lack of motivation directly. Ask open-ended questions, and share feedback. Employees who need to be empowered also are usually very experienced in their role and are usually high-performing. Unlike an employee who needs to be guided, they are highly motivated to do the work. Employees who need to be empowered are skilled, exhibit confidence, and achieve results independently with little feedback. With this employee, you’ll want to focus on providing space for them to take ownership and be accountable. Resist the urge to micro-manage. They may need a less hands-on approach than your other employees. Check in from time to time and ask what they need to be successful. If the employee doesn’t have the skills, knowledge, or ability, you’ll want to partner or teach with the employee, depending on their level of motivation. An employee who is highly motivated, but unskilled will need you to teach them. They often lack confidence and are hesitant to take on additional assignments. Focus on increasing the employee’s knowledge, skill, and ability. They are motivated to do the work, but lack the ability or experience. You’ll want to provide direct feedback on a regular basis until they are confident in their role. Understand and capitalize on their strengths to deliver results. An employee who lacks both motivation and skill often is new to the role or task. They frequently seem lost and lack confidence. This employee will need you to partner with them
BUSINESS to help them be successful. Set very specific standards and expectations for the employee. You’ll need to help them gain both the skills and understand the importance and meaning behind the role or task. After you have established goals and objectives, outline the steps needed to accomplish these goals. Make time to meet regularly and to provide specific feedback on the employee’s performance.
Plan the conversation
Once you have a better understanding of the cause of the performance issue, you’ll want to plan the conversation. Even if you’re giving feedback in a casual manner, you’ll want to be well prepared. This will help you give direct, realtime feedback that will best help your employee. First, think about the desired outcome of the conversation. At the end of the conversation, what do you want to see happen next? Be sure to address any gaps in your team member’s ability or motivation. Next, help the employee understand the current situation. Talk about how the employee’s actions are impacting their role. Be kind, direct, and specific.
Then you’ll want to work through the options on how to best support the employee. Do they need more training? Less feedback from you? Work with your employee to understand options. This will increase their buy in and make sure you are both committed to the plan. Finally, work the plan. Understand what actions will be taken by whom and when. Follow up and be sure to recognize when performance has improved. Employees want to be successful and do a good job, no matter what their role. Providing direct, honest, and kind feedback is critical to helping your team achieve this success. Use your tools as a coach and manager to help diagnose the root of the performance issue, understand the best approach to take, and provide support to the employee after the conversation. This will go a long way in helping your employees be productive and engaged in their work. About the author Erin Saunders is Sr. HR Business Partner with JLL. P: 303-931-0923 E: erin.saunders@am.jll.com
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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27
BUSINESS
Protect your payroll
Practical tips for compliance with new overtime rules by Lynn C. Stewart
Will your
salaried employees be eligible for
overtime pay?
On December 1, 2016, the new Federal Rule will extend overtime pay to an estimated 4.2 million additional workers.
$
$23,660
Current minimum annualized salary needed to not pay overtime.
$
$47,476
New minimum annualized salary needed to not pay overtime effective December 1, 2016.
35%
The Department of Labor’s (DOL) estimate of the percentage of full-time salaried employees who will be eligible for time and a half in December. Currently, the DOL estimates that 7% of full-time salaried workers are eligible.
Green industry management and administrative salaried employees earning more than $23,660 a year are now exempt from receiving overtime pay no matter how many hours a week they work if their actual job duties fit within a particular “white collar” overtime exemption category.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
On May 18, 2016, President Obama and Department of Labor Secretary Perez announced an updated regulation which increases the salary threshold from $455 per week to $913 per week for a salaried worker to be exempt from (not entitled to receive) overtime pay.
28
Unlike other labor laws that don’t impact small businesses, this change isn’t dependent on company size and many businesses in the United States will be effected. Starting December 1, 2016, all employees who earn less than $913 per week will be entitled to paid overtime if they work more than 40 hours in an administrative workweek no matter what job duties they have. As before, all hourly workers, no matter how high the hourly rate, are entitled to be paid time and a half for overtime. Thus the new Rule changes one part of the two-part “salary” and “duties” white-collar overtime exemption test by drastically increasing the minimum salary level (which had not changed since 2004). The new
Rule makes it clear that any worker making less than an annualized $47,476 is eligible for extra compensation if they work more than 40 hours a week, regardless of their job title or description.
Key provisions of the Final Rule
The Final Rule, described by many proponents as a “wage increase for the middle class” primarily focuses on updating the salary and compensation levels needed for certain managerial and administrative workers to be exempt from receiving overtime pay regardless of the number of hours worked. The “duties” test (determining if a particular employee’s actual job duties fit within one or more of the specific white-collar exempt categories: executive, administrative, professional, computer, outside sales) did not change under the new Rule. Here are the key points: The standard salary level is set at the 40th percentile of earnings of full-time salaried workers in the lowest-wage Census Region, currently the South ($913 per week; which is $47,476 annually for a full-year worker);
1.
However, for the first time the salary basis test is amended to allow employers to use nondiscretionary bonuses and incentive payments (including commissions) to satisfy up to 10 percent of the new standard salary level (for example $4,747 in productivity bonuses/ sales commissions can be used to meet the salary requirement);
2.
The total annual compensation requirement for highly compensated employees (HCE) subject to a minimal duties test is raised to the annual equivalent of the 90th percentile of full-time salaried workers nationally ($134,004); and
3.
Every three years there will be an automatic update of the salary and compensation levels to maintain the levels above the 40th and 90th percentiles.
4.
BUSINESS
Ramifications
In the green industry, as in other economic sectors which traditionally use salaried exempt mid-level managers making $35,000 to $50,000 (operations managers, field managers, office managers, and landscape designers), many businesses may simply convert their salaried workers who are on the lower end of the pay scale to hourly employees and track their hours. Businesses will have to train these employees on carefully tracking their hours and/or instruct employees who are no longer exempt not to work more than 40 hours in an administrative week. To make up the productivity gap caused by lower-level managers being instructed to work less hours some landscape businesses should consider:
hiring part-time workers during busy periods; or splitting job responsibilities to be covered by two less than full-time managerial employees; and/or push down certain routine time-consuming managerial duties into the workflow of the lowest
managerial employee so that when overtime is paid during peak seasons the impact to the business is minimized. If job duties cannot be split and overtime work cannot be avoided, some commentators believe that companies may decide to reduce the base pay of affected employees to account for the extra money they will otherwise make in overtime pay, now that it will have to be paid at time and a half. Whether that is a viable alternative in an industry with staffing challenges remains to be seen. Since the new overtime rules kick in during the slower season, landscape businesses have time to adjust their payment model before 40+ hour work weeks begin. For managers who are paid near the new salary level (probably $45,000 and up) business owners may decide to simply raise a manager’s base salary so that the flexibility to work extra hours during peak seasons can be maintained. This may mean that discretionary bonuses are reduced or eliminated for these salaried employees.
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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29
BUSINESS
In sum, green industry employers have a variety of ways to comply with the new Rule: they can raise these workers’ salaries to make them exempt from the overtime threshold, pay the mandated time and a half overtime for those who do work more in a particular week, or simply make sure salaried employees aren’t working over 40 hours a week.
What should green industry business owners be doing now?
First, you should identify the positions in your company that will be subject to the new Rule as of December 1 and see what each impacted employee is actually receiving this year per paycheck, including production bonuses/sales commissions. Next consider how your business operations would be impacted by: 1) an increase in base salary for some of your higher-paid staff who just miss the new salary cut off; 2) a change to hourly rates for other lower-paid salaried employees; and/or 3) splitting up jobs and hiring more part-time managerial employees who never work more than 40 hours a week.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
You also need to check with your insurance carrier to determine how insurance coverages will be impacted if part-time positions are created or certain office/field management employees are moved to an hourly rate status.
30
Salaried employees currently earning close to the new limits of $913/weekly - $47,460 annualized Many businesses will decide to increase wages to $913 a week to avoid the burden of having higher paid salary-based workers clock in and out every day — as well as to keep control over labor costs (remember you will be able to consider a portion of any non-discretionary bonus/commission as part of the total salary package – up to 10%).
Salaried employees currently earning substantially below the new limits of $913/ weekly - $47,460 annualized For this group of previously salaried exempt employees (for example those making $455 to $800 a week) there are several options:
Converting to an hourly pay scale. It may be cheaper and simpler to convert these employees to a hourly pay rate. You will need to determine each employee’s current hourly rate, limit overtime whenever possible, and plan to pay overtime on those occasional instances when overtime is truly needed during peak season. Here is one specific example given by another commentator: the overtime rule will boost the income of salaried staffers earning as much as $21.00 per hour ($43,680 annualized) to 1.5 times that rate — $31.50 — after a 40-hour week. So a salaried install manager who earns just under $44,000 annually and who works 55 hours a week during peak season, will earn approximately $472.80 more per week for those extra 15 hours during busy times.
Keep the position as salaried but track time. Many commentators are noting that business owners can still pay employees on a salaried basis if they worry that valuable employees will feel “demoted” if they are moved to hourly status. While this is technically true, if a salaried worker who is not exempt works more than 40 hours per week he/she is entitled to receive overtime at the equivalent hourly rate. So there is no real benefit to the business owner in keeping the salary designation solely as a “face saver” and plenty of downside to your bottom line if you inadvertently allow a salaried employee to work more than 40 hours. (In my personal experience I’ve found that impacted managers/administrative personnel soon get over any hurt feelings about being designated an hourly employee when they see that their paycheck remains the same or goes up. In today’s workplace there are many hourly employees happily making $20 to $50 an hour who understand that the hourly/salaried distinction no longer
BUSINESS equates to a white collar/blue collar factory floor distinction like it did back in the 1930s and 1940s when the wage hour laws were first enacted).
whether they stay salaried or are converted to hourly. These employees will probably lose some flexibility in taking time off during the work week since hours now have to be tracked.
Whether you stick with a salaried position or change to a hourly rate, converting the mindset of a newly non-exempt administrative/ managerial employee into tracking hours actually worked is extremely important. In many instances there should be a renewed focus on productivity, especially for administrative staff, since business owners should insist that the work be performed within a 40-hour work week. Slower employees who can’t seem to complete tasks within the allotted time will have to be counseled that they cannot work overtime without your express instruction.
Remember that non-exempt workers are entitled to be paid for all hours you “permit” an employee to work – so you cannot allow a newly non-exempt employee (whether salaried or hourly) to eat at his/her desk during lunchtime (because he/she wants to use the computer to do personal shopping or make personal calls) but still answer the phone or do any work.
Bottom Line: employers who don’t raise salaries or pay overtime can simply cap hours at 40 per week and monitor any overtime closely to avoid wage lawsuits.
Issues to address
All newly non-exempt employees making less than $913 week/$47,460 annual salary will have to learn to comply with all the “hourly” workers’ limitations on time off/tracking hours
Similarly, you may need to revise your employee handbook to identify any gaps in describing benefits for hourly/salaried, managerial/office vs. field employees, time keeping, vacation, PTO and sick leave policies for this new group of non-exempt employees and give employees sufficient notice of the changes before December 1.
When you get employee push back on the loss of flexibility in the workplace you can justifiably just blame the government... When all is said and done, it may well end up that your total labor costs for some lower-level managers and administrative staff will not increase substantially if you pay time and a half during peak season but only pay for hours worked during slower times. Appropriately designating who is truly a salaried exempt employee has always been pretty complicated (the urban myth that being salaried means that you never pay overtime is clearly finished). The new Rule may make things easier for business owners to keep track of who is lawfully salaried exempt for certain lower levels of salaried employees since it’s a clear threshold level of $913 per week (until the next DOL revision occurs in three years). About the author
Lynn C. Stewart is a partner with Schreeder, Wheeler & Flint, LLP in Atlanta, practicing employment law and counseling, contracts and construction law and general business litigation. P: 404-954-9865 F: 404-681-1046 lstewart@swfllp.com
This article does not constitute legal advice. Each fact scenario differs and it is recommended that you consult with experienced legal counsel.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
You need to avoid a FSLA overtime lawsuit by training these lower-level managerial/ administrative employees on tracking hours worked and clocking in/out for lunch like everybody else. Lax oversight of when such employees are working will have to end.
Payroll issues will have to be sorted out with the accounting department and/or your payroll vendor.
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BUSINESS
Making your P&L bulletproof
How to improve your chances of getting a loan by Caron Beesley One of the three essential financial statements for your small business
Small businesses are inherently a high-risk investment for lenders, so the more you can do to prove the integrity of your business and your data, the greater your chances of securing a loan.
– a profit and loss (P&L) statement – is useful for analytical purposes, but it can also tell any possible investors whether you have a strong, viable operation.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Whether you’re applying for an SBA loan program or a traditional bank loan, a P&L statement with forward projections and historical data is a must-have.Small businesses are inherently a high-risk investment for lenders, so the more you can do to prove the integrity of your business and your data, the greater your chances of securing a loan.
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In fact, alongside impeccable credit, a solid business plan, a strong personal resume and a strategic marketing plan, a P&L statement (also known as the income statement) is one of the top five small business loan requirements, according to Kabbage. Here are five things you can do to bulletproof your P&L statement and be on your way to securing the financing you need: Understand what your P&L statement can do for your business. Your P&L statement is a summary of the profit and losses that your business has incurred during a particular time period. Basically, it’s revenue in, less expenses incurred (cost of goods sold, OPEX, and depreciation).
1.
In addition to showing how profitable your business is, your P&L statement also sheds insight on what money is left in the business to pay your salary, clear debts, fund growth or hire an employee. It won’t, however, show if you have enough cash to pay your bills. (Refer to your cash flow statement for those details.) In a nutshell, it’s your financial health report card.
2.
Take advantage of available tools. Getting started with a P&L statement isn’t the easiest thing. If you need help, download SCORE’s profit and loss statement template (www.score.org/resource/3-year-profitand-loss-projection-0). This includes all the necessary calculations to help you forecast net profit. To streamline the process completely (and ensure reliable data), consider cloud accounting tools. Because they automatically feed in data from other reports, cloud software eliminates the hassle of data entry, synchronization and maintenance. Set profitability goals. How much profit do you want to realize from one month or quarter to the next? Use your P&L statement to track performance against those goals and use the data to glean insights. For example, if revenues were down one month, is there something you can do from a marketing perspective to generate more sales? If expenses are running high, make sure you understand why and plan accordingly.
3.
Set projections. Your lender (and the SBA) will want to see your projections for future profits and losses, plus a business plan that explains how you intend to make your numbers. Plan on projecting out a minimum of one year into the future. Three years, however, is ideal because it shows the impact that external financing will have on revenues and profits. For year one, have a clear sense of your monthly projections; for the remaining years, it’s usually okay to focus on quarterly targets.
4.
BUSINESS
a
Review it regularly. At a minimum, review your P&L statement on a monthly basis. It is a good idea to get into the habit of checking everything on a weekly basis, so you can stay on track and make necessary adjustments to your business plans. Consider hiring and accountant to keep an eye on your key financial statements; the benefits will almost outweigh any fees. Things to look out for include:
5.
Resumes: Some lenders require evidence of management or business experience, particularly for loans that are intended to be used to start a new business.
a
•
Increasing sales, but declining profit. This is a sign that something is wrong. Are your costs too high? What about your margins?
a
•
Stationary sales. Look for opportunities for growth in new markets, product lines or lead generation campaigns.
•
Increases in overhead (utilities, rent, insurance, etc.). Look for ways to keep costs low by shopping around.
•
Increases in the cost of goods sold (COGS). Find out why.
Business loan checklist
The SBA is not your only source for small business loans. State and local economic development agencies as well as numerous nonprofit organizations provide low-interest loans to small business owners who may not qualify for traditional commercial loans. This information will help to ensure that you are prepared when you decide to apply for a small business loan.
Documentation needed
Personal credit report: Your lender will obtain your personal credit report as part of the application process. However, you should obtain a credit report from all three major consumer credit rating agencies before submitting a loan application to the lender. Inaccuracies and blemishes on your credit report can hurt your chances of getting a loan approved. It’s critical you try to clear these up before beginning the application process.
a
Business credit report: If you are already in business, you should be prepared to submit a credit report for your business. As with the personal credit report, it is important to review your business’ credit report before beginning the application process.
a
Income tax returns: Most loan programs require applicants to submit personal and business income tax returns for the previous 3 years.
a
Financial statements: Many loan programs require owners with more than a 20 percent stake in your business to submit signed personal financial statements. You may also be required to provide projected financial statements either as part of, or separate from, your business plan. It is a good idea to have these prepared and ready in case a program for which you are applying requires these documents to be submitted individually.
a
Personal background: Either as part of the loan application or as a separate document, you will probably be asked to provide some personal background information, including previous addresses, names used, criminal record, educational background, etc.
Bank statements: Many loan programs require one year of personal and business bank statements to be submitted as part of a loan package.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
While every loan program has specific forms you need to fill out and documents you need to submit, you will likely need to submit much of the same information for different loan packages. Before you start applying for loans, you should get some basic documentation together. The following are typical items that will be required for any small business loan application:
a
Business plan: All loan programs require a sound business plan to be submitted with the loan application. The business plan should include a complete set of projected financial statements, including profit and loss, cash flow and a balance sheet.
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BUSINESS
a
Collateral: Collateral requirements vary greatly. Some loan programs do not require collateral. Loans involving higher risk factors for default require substantial collateral. Strong business plans and financial statements can help you avoid putting up collateral. In any case, it is a good idea to prepare a collateral document that describes cost/value of personal or business property that will be used to secure a loan.
a
Legal documents: Depending on a loan’s specific requirements, your lender may require you to submit one or more legal documents. Make sure you have the following items in order, if applicable: •
Business licenses and registrations required for you to conduct business
•
Articles of Incorporation
•
Copies of contracts you have with any third parties
•
Franchise agreements
•
Commercial leases
Questions your lender will ask
Forms vary, but they all ask for the same information. You should be prepared to answer the following questions. It’s a good idea to have the answers prepared in advance. • Why are you applying for this loan? • How will the loan proceeds be used? • • •
What assets need to be purchased, and who are your suppliers? What other business debt do you have, and who are your creditors? Who are the members of your management team?
About the author
W: april-marketing.com
Caron Beesley is a small business owner, a writer, and marketing communications consultant. Caron works with the SBA.gov team to promote essential government resources that help entrepreneurs and small business owners start-up, grow and succeed.
2016 UAC media guide UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Download your copy today:
34
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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BUSINESS
Creating a successful fall
Learning from the mistakes of the spring by Steven Cohen, Consultant, GreenMark Consulting Group
Maybe you’ve had instances where, though you might not have reached the destination, you got appreciation because of the way you did a task. A journey contains lots of experiences; consider everything an experience, whether it be good or bad. Success comes in the path. There may be many ways to attain a goal or complete a particular task. But those who do it in the right way, giving the best they have to offer, are the ones who often succeed.
Now that spring has passed, it
is a great time to reflect. Sure, you may recognize some mistakes that were made. Keep in mind, though, that much of the innovation and service improvement initiatives that occur in landscape Keep in mind, though, that much companies today happen by learning of the innovation and service from mistakes or improvement initiatives that occur misfortunes. This in landscape companies today sometimes includes happen by learning from mistakes or taking risks (bigger misfortunes. than intended), not delivering as promised, over-extending, not having the needed systems and/or processes in place, and sometimes even the trial and error of simply growing a successful landscape business.
Set the tone
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
In the end we must be reminded that each challenge creates new opportunity and if we do not learn from our mistakes we cannot brighten our future.
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For the purpose of this article, I ask you to look back at this spring and ask yourself what could have been done better. Not only by you as an individual, but the company as a whole. Reflecting on this now can potentially set you up for an operationally and financially stronger fall season.
Improve the journey
We’ve all heard the saying, “Success is a journey not a destination.” The destination is not what matters; the journey you travel is what is important. Success is just a benchmark to do better.
Setting the success tone for your landscape company starts with the person at the top. Defining the top priorities, planning the growth process and staying the course will lead to the company’s overall success. Have a way to track progress. Know what it looks like so you can know it when you see it. Make sure everyone has time each week to work on those top priorities. Encourage your team to practice making bigger and better decisions. When planning, allow for breakdowns and recovery time, but demand that each mistake leads to getting smarter and quicker. As leader of your company, people are likely to follow the lead. Sometimes sacrificing a small amount of productivity to develop ways to become smarter, more error free, faster, and more productive is a way to prevent bigger challenges down the road.
9 keys to help you get there
Here are 9 key steps that can help you improve your fall operations: Paint a picture. Make sure you’ve painted a picture of what company success looks like going forward. Work with managers and employees to identify the top
1.
BUSINESS factors and actions that will lead to success in the last two quarters of this year. Get people engaged by talking realistically about the challenges and then brainstorm ways to get from where you are to where you want to be.
2.
Take risks. Ask your people to take calculated risks. If they get it wrong, ask them to fix it. Start small. Build confidence for both yourself and your employees. The more they can take on, the freer you will be to work on even bigger things, like building your business. It’s important to remember that they can fix most problems by themselves, internally.
3.
Build in time for errors and recovery. Part of learning is adjusting. Just because someone hasn’t done something well in the past doesn’t mean they can’t do it better in the future. Plan extra time and resources to allow for the learning curve to take its course.
Set up KPIs. Key Performance Indicators make sure that everyone knows what’s being measured. Graph performance vs. KPIs so that it’s obvious when improvements are taking hold and when more help is needed to figure out better solutions. Celebrate the wins and use them to build everyone’s confidence that things are getting better.
4.
Plan for it. Seems pretty obvious, but in many cases the plan is focused only on the event, the roll out of the new initiative. When you introduce new initiatives, they often involve changes to deeply entrenched processes or approaches. Spending two or three days to roll out the new initiative and then expecting it to take root organically is just not realistic. In addition to the launch and implementation, your plan needs to outline how and when audits will occur and what measurements you’ll use to track progress. In addition, your plan needs to
5.
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UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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BUSINESS outline how you will make any necessary course corrections. For sustained success, develop a plan and focus on the long-term, not just the roll out.
progress, be flexible, be prepared to provide new or additional resources, and stay committed.
expectations. 6. Communicate Make sure everyone in the organization understands the significance of the initiative, how it supports the organization’s objectives, and what’s in it for them. Ensure that everyone knows what the expectations are, what they are expected to contribute, and what success looks like. Outline the training, resources and support available to help make sure the initiative lasts. Deliver regular updates on how things are progressing to reinforce expectations.
So what does your attitude look like these days? Committed, focused and driving forward to the prize?
7.
Make the commitment. Management personnel need to be committed to the effort. They need to walk the proverbial walk, and be able to confidently convey the benefits of the initiative and how it supports the vision of the organization. However, it doesn’t stop there. To ensure an initiative’s success within the organization, executives must be active. They need to consistently advocate, stay connected and interact with employees, champion the initiative, and reinforce the benefit.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
8.
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Build in incentives and acknowledgement. Once employees know what is expected of them and know what success looks like, offering them incentives can go a long way toward sustaining your efforts. Incentives don’t have to be costly. They can be simple, like hitting a KPI results in a luncheon, a small gift, movie tickets, a gift card, or some other means of acknowledgement. The key is making it worth their while, but keeping the sustained efforts front and center. Evaluate, adjust, and stay committed. As you implement your initiative, evaluate your progress. Are you where you want to be? Is the effort meeting expectations? Based on your evaluation, make any necessary adjustments to ensure it sustains. You may need to provide additional training, one-on-one coaching, or additional communications. Remember that sustained success takes effort. Consistently evaluate your
9.
Take a hard look
Are your concerns about the business just problems that need to be solved? Having reservations about the future success of the company is normal. How those reservations are presented to those around you is what counts. When you look at the future do you communicate to others that you see potential? Are you filling positions in the company with people who are capable of helping you solve the company’s problems? Do you embrace change as a necessary part of the company’s evolution? Don’t let your initiative fall into the “flavor of the month” category. Increase your success by planning, communicating, commitment, incentives, evaluating and adjusting. Moving ahead to the fall is not just about entering a new season. More importantly, it should be about reflecting on the past so you can improve your future. About the author Steven Cohen, Principal of GreenMark Consulting Group, is a business management and operations consultant with more than 25 years of landscape/snow industry experience. Steven has an extensive background in managing cross-functional business operations, business strategy and market growth projects. He prides himself as being both an analytical and a conceptual thinker who effectively partners with business owners to assess opportunities, facilitate strategic decisions, and drive successful implementations. GreenMark Consulting Group specializes in helping growthoriented companies see through challenges and map out operational and growth strategies. www. greenmarkgroup.com/www.greenmarkbootcamp.com
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Put the power of your UAC membership to work for you! Get more info today: Michael Parker: 678.580.4916 or mparker@snellingswalters.com Billy Potter: 770.508.3008 or bpotter@snellingswalters.com
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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INDUSTRY
Irrigation is part of the solution Addressing water resource challenges
By Elizabeth McCartney, Senior Policy and Advocacy Manager, Irrigation Association Identifying ways to address water resource challenges is
currently a major focus of policymakers. The Irrigation Association (IA) continues to promote efficient irrigation to help shape the national and state As policymakers continue to address policy debate. While the irrigation industry water resource challenges, it is works to offer unique important to communicate that solutions to policy irrigation is part of the solution and issues throughout the that investments in efficient irrigation year, these activities technologies can allow for increased increase during the water conservation. month of July. Along with companies, organizations, individuals, and governments from around the globe, IA recognizes July as Smart Irrigation Month. Smart Irrigation Month is an IA initiative to increase public awareness about the value of water-use efficiency.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
General policy recommendations
40
This year, IA has worked to promote policy and program recommendations that focus on embracing irrigation technologies and best management practices to maximize the benefits of managed landscapes with limited water resources. As policymakers continue to address water resource challenges, it is important to communicate that irrigation is part of the solution and that investments in efficient irrigation technologies can allow for increased water conservation. At the federal level, IA is asking that Congress join us in supporting July as Smart Irrigation Month by taking these five steps to promote water-use efficiency:
1.
Authorize the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s WaterSense program.
2.
Fully fund the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
3.
Pass a western drought bill.
4.
Exempt water-use efficiency rebates from federal taxes.
5.
Create tax incentives for first time agricultural irrigators to promote water-use efficiency.
WaterSense authorization
Authorization of the EPA’s successful WaterSense program is currently included in numerous pieces of federal legislation. Since it began in 2006, WaterSense has raised awareness about the importance of water efficiency. Congressional authorization would bring greater permanency to the successful program, and allow for the better promotion of efficient irrigation technologies and practices. While a few stand-alone WaterSense authorization bills have been introduced in Congress, authorization of the program has also been incorporated in larger pieces of legislation that have a greater likelihood of moving through Congress. As of May 2016, language to authorize WaterSense is included in the Senate’s Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016 (S. 2012) and in the House’s energy bill (H.R. 8). Then, most recently, WaterSense authorization language was incorporated into the Senate’s Water Resources Development Act of 2016 (S. 2848). In each of these bills, WaterSense would be authorized as a voluntary program that promotes waterefficient buildings, landscape facilities, processes, and services and products, including irrigation technologies.
INDUSTRY
Promoting skilled professionals
In addition to promoting water-efficient technologies, the WaterSense program also labels professional certifications. IA and the EPA recognize that an efficient irrigation system requires not only water-efficient products, but also proper design, installation and maintenance. This common interest led IA to be the first and longest-standing certifying partner of WaterSense. Currently, IA’s certified irrigation designer, certified irrigation contractor, certified landscape irrigation auditor and certified golf irrigation auditor are labeled by WaterSense.
IA continues to promote the importance of qualified irrigation professionals and as part of Smart Irrigation Month, IA looks to highlight the effective practices of skilled professionals who help preserve water supplies for today and the future. While the WaterSense label enables consumers to identify irrigation professionals, the IA is also working to strengthen the voice of the industry by promoting professional irrigation contractors before state legislators, regulators and stakeholders.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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INDUSTRY During 2016, IA will continue to work on promoting the licensing of landscape irrigation professionals as one way to ensure proper practices and training in the industry.
Water-use efficiency rebates
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Water utilities across the country are making efforts to reduce water consumption by financing incentives for homeowners to make water efficiency improvements. However, these rebates are taxable because the Internal Revenue Code does not exempt water conservation subsidies provided by water utilities. Changing the code requires legislative action, which is why IA is supporting H.R. 4615. This bill would amend the Internal Revenue Code to ensure that rebates provided by a water utility for efficiency improvements are not taxable. Water-efficient products can provide significant water savings and the efforts of water utilities to encourage the installation of these products is supported in H.R. 4615. This bill was introduced in February by Representative Jared Huffman (D-CA) and currently has 36 cosponsors.
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Current drought activities
In addition to federal activities, California’s response to the drought continues to be a top issue and IA is exploring opportunities to promote incentives for efficient irrigation technologies. In May, California Governor Jerry Brown issued an executive order that moves beyond the emergency drought measures put in place during 2015 by making permanent water use changes. While the IA will continue to communicate its support for measures that promote water use efficiency, it is also important that measures be non-prescriptive in order to incentivize water-efficient technologies, promote innovation and ultimately conserve water resources. The Irrigation Association is the leading membership organization for irrigation companies and professionals. Together with our members, we are committed to promoting efficient irrigation and to long-term sustainability of water resources for future generations. To learn more, visit irrigation.org.
INDUSTRY
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
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INDUSTRY
SEGreen debuts this summer
SNA’s vision for the future of the Southeast Green Industry The SEGreen Landscape Conference provides the perfect platform for the landscape professional to gain valuable knowledge and expand your August 30 - September 1, 2016 business! Landscape The Classic Center Architects, Landscape 300 N. Thomas Street Designers, Landscape Athens GA 30601 Installation Contractors, Landscape Maintenance Contractors, Landscape Irrigation Contractors, Turfgrass Contractors, Urban and Regional Landscape Planners, Erosion and Sediment Control Contractors, Arborists...there’s something for everyone!
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
The conference offers six tracks in Career Advancement, Business Expansion, Integrated Pest Management, Environment & Design, Landscape Design, and Landscape Pro Certification. Topics include plant selection, estimating, design and installation, pruning, pest management, turf management, equipment safety and maintenance, irrigation installation and more!
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And, there’s ample opportunity to earn vital CEU credits and certifications.
Dr. Ben Campbell Economic Specialist, University of Georgia Extension
Economics: Understanding the Green Industry Consumer Greg Curtis, LA ANR Agent, University of Georgia Extension
Selecting Woody Ornamentals for Urban Sites
Dr. Mark Czarnota Weed Specialist, University of Georgia Extension
Top 25 Weeds in Landscape and Their Management Tim Daly ANR Agent, University of Georgia Extension
Insect Pests & Disease Identification Dr. Brad Davis Associate Professor, BLA Program Director, UGA College of Environment & Design
Applying Horticultural Therapy in Hospitals: A Practical Approach
James Davis Training Specialist, Georgia Utility Training Academy, Georgia Soil & Water Conservation Commission
Level 1A Fundamentals Seminar
Becky Griffin Community and School Garden Coordinator, University of Georgia Center for Urban Ag
Strategies to Promote Georgia’s Pollinators and their Habitats Dr. Charles Guy Professor, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Florida IFAS
Plant conference speakers
The Healing Power of Plants
Brian Arnold Owner, Songbird Landscape
Kirk Hines Director of Horticultural Therapy, A.G. Rhodes Health & Rehab
Exotic versus Natives: the Battle Goes on! Rick Barnes Certified Arborist, Business Developer for Tree & Plant Health Care, Downey Trees
Investing for the Long-Term in Tree and Plant Health Care
Dr. Kris Braman Professor of Entomology and Director Center for Urban Ag, University of Georgia
Natural Enemies & Biological Controls
Applying Horticultural Therapy in Hospitals: A Practical Approach
Greg Huber Training Coordinator, UGA Center for Urban Ag
Preparing for the GCLP Written Exams
Dr. Will Hudson Entomology Specialist, University of Georgia Ext
Insect Pests of Landscape Ornamentals Insect Pests of Turf
INDUSTRY Dr. Elizabeth Little Pathology Specialist, University of Georgia Extension
Turf Diseases
Dr. Richard Ludwig Former Educator
Landscape Design Workshops Landscape Design Fundamentals Workshop Landscape Design Advanced Workshop Keith Mickler ANR Agent/Coordinator, University of Georgia Extension
Equipment Maintenance & Troubleshooting Dr. Wilf Nichols Director, UGA State Botanical Garden
Native Plants
Mary Carol Scheffield ANR Agent/Coordinator, University of Georgia Extension
Pruning Ornamentals
Tom Shannon Water Conservation Advisor Eastern US, Ewing Irrigation and Landscape Supply
Fundamentals of Irrigation Design Bill Slack, LA
Landscape Design Workshops Landscape Design Fundamentals Workshop Landscape Design Advanced Workshop Amanda Tedrow ANR Agent/Coordinator, University of Georgia Extension
Rolando Orellana ANR Agent, University of Georgia Extension
Made for Shade: Ferns, Hostas, Hellebores and Other Great Plants
Dr. Bodie Pennisi Landscape Specialist, University of Georgia Extension
Craig Thurmond, LA Environmental Horticulture Instructor North Georgia Technical College
Equipment Safety
Strategies to Promote Georgia’s Pollinators and their Habitats Steve Pettis, Jr. ANR Agent, University of Georgia Extension
An Introduction to Commercial Pest Management Services
Aaron Poulsen, CIC, GCLP Program Director Environmental Horticulture, Gwinnett Technical College
Know Your Costs: Don’t Price Yourself Out of Business! Jake Price Agent/Coordinator, University of Georgia Extension
Vicki Proano Landscape Designer
Landscape Design Workshops Landscape Design Fundamentals Workshop Landscape Design Advanced Workshop Paul Pugliese, MPPPM County Coordinator, ANR Agent, University of Georgia Extension
Identification and Prevention of Phenoxy Herbicide Damage
Hardscapes: A Look into the Elaborate Hardscapes of Large and Small Scale Designs Kim Toal ANR Agent/Coordinator, University of Georgia Extension
Landscaping Roadsides and Right-of-Ways Chris Wakefield President, The Outdoor Lights
Landscape Lighting: A System for Success Dr. Clint Waltz Turfgrass Specialist, University of Georgia Extension
Turf Management: Fine Tuning Your Turfgrass Fertility Program
Dr. Jean Williams-Woodward Plant Pathology Specialist, University of Georgia Extension
Diseases of Landscape Ornamentals
UAC member discount! UAC members receive a $10 discount off any ticket for SEGreen. Just be sure to use this link to register:
sna.org/event-2263727
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Selection & Use of Palms and Cold Hardy Citrus
The SEGreen Landscape Conference is produced by the Southern Nursery Association in cooperation with UGA Extension, and is sponsored by Georgia Urban Ag Council.
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INDUSTRY
2016 UGA Turfgrass Research Field Day Gather in Griffin on August 4
No matter what your relationship with turf, there’ll be
something for you at the 2016 University of Georgia Turfgrass Research Field Day on August 4 in Griffin, GA.
Turfgrass Research Field Day DATE: Thursday, August 4, 2016 PLACE: UGA Griffin Campus 1109 Experiment St | Griffin GA 30223
Pesticide credits and CEU’s will be available for this event.
This bi-annual event is designed for all individuals interested in turfgrass management. Attend for the latest information on how to care for residential and commercial lawns, athletic fields and golf
courses, parks and recreation fields from UGA researchers and extension specialists. Insect and weed control will be covered. Field days also include information on newly released UGA turfgrasses and grasses that are being studied and bred. Take a tour, earn Georgia pesticide recertification credits, meet and interact with UGA research faculty and get answers to your questions, all in ONE day! For turfgrass and landscape vendors and suppliers, this is an outstanding marketing and networking event. During the lunch break, the outdoor exhibit space is available for your displays and demonstrations, and ad space in the field day program is available for you to connect with this group of attendees. To exhibit and/or advertise, go to urbanagcouncil.com/marketing and download the UAC Media Guide and Media Contract.
To register: https://estore.uga.edu/C27063_ustores/web/store_cat.jsp?CATID=939&STOREID=179
Jespersen joins UGA Turf Team
Researcher will study turfgrass stressors
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
The Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at UGA
46
welcomed Dr. David Jespersen to the faculty as a new assistant professor of turfgrass physiology effective April 1, 2016.
Dr. David Jespersen joined the faculty of UGA’s Department of Crop and Soil Sciences in April 2016.
Dr. Jespersen recently received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University in New Jersey while researching heat stress in bentgrasses. While a student, he received numerous
awards including the Crop Science Society of America outstanding turfgrass graduate student oral presentation award, Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences distinguished contributions to undergraduate education, and the Watson Fellowship provided by the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America. At the University of Georgia Dr. Jespersen will research abiotic factors such as drought and heat, as well as biotic factors, to understand how they affect turfgrasses. Using an approach which combines plant physiology with molecular biology, Dr. Jespersen aims to better understand plant responses and the underlying biological mechanisms which cause them. He is excited to develop his research program and is enthusiastic about working with others to improve turfgrass science in Georgia.
INDUSTRY
Updated pest book now available online
2016 Turfgrass Pest Control Recommendations for Professionals http://www.commodities.caes.uga.edu/turfgrass/georgiaturf/Publicat/1640_Recommendations.htm
Table of Contents URBAN AG
COUNCIL
GEORG
IA
2016 Turfgrass P es
t Contr
ol dations fo r Professio nals
Recommen
Calendars Formulation
s
Tank mixin
g
Evaluation
and applica
tion forms
Insect pests Insect contro Insecticide
l
site usage
Disease con
trol
Chemical gro
ups of fungic ides Fungicide site usage
Afredo Mart inez-
Espinoza, UGA
Weed contro
l
Pre & Poste
mergence
Turf tolera
nce to herbic
Herbicide site
ides
usage Also:
University of Georgia Turfgrass Tea Georgia Cou m nty Extens ion contac ts
FREE download!
Revised January 2016 Prepared by: The University of Georgia Content provided by: Patrick McCullough and Clint Waltz Crop and Soil Science Kris Braman and Will Hudson Entomology Alfredo Martinez Plant Pathology Compiled by: Clay Bennett and Alan Wise
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
• Key Points: Georgia’s Turfgrass Industry and UGA’s Turfgrass Program • Turfgrass Industry Facts in Georgia • Basic Turfgrass Management for Georgia • Lawn Calendars • Bermudagrass • Centipedegrass • St. Augustinegrass • Turf-Type Tall Fescue • Zoysiagrass • Managing Overseeded Grasses in Georgia • Turfgrass Insect Control for Professional Managers • Insect Control in Commercial Turfgrass • Insect Pests of Turfgrass • Insecticide Recommended Site Usage • Turfgrass Disease Control for Professional Managers • Fungicides • Major Chemical Groups of Turfgrass Fungicides • Additional Notes on Turfgrass Fungicides • Fungicide Recommended Site Usage • Nematodes • Nematode Control in Turfgrass • Nematodes Affecting Commercial Turfgrasses and Golf Courses in Georgia • Nematodes Affecting Home Lawns in Georgia • Turfgrass Weed Control for Professional Managers • Preemergence • Postemergence • Renovation • Golf Course Putting Greens: Preemergence • Golf Course Putting Greens: Postemergence • Turfgrass Weed Response to Herbicides • Turfgrass Tolerance to Herbicides • Turfgrass Tolerance To Preemergence Herbicides • Turfgrass Tolerance To Postemergence Herbicides • Using Integrated Weed Management Strategies for Turfgrasses • Herbicide Recommended Site Usage • Turfgrass Growth Regulators for Professionals • The ABC’s of Pesticide Formulations • Proper Order for Tank Mixing • Six Easy Steps for Success with Preemergence Herbicides • Clearing-Up Questions Regarding Spray Adjuvants • Forms • Site Evaluation • Pesticide Application Records • University of Georgia Turfgrass Team • Georgia County Extension Office Numbers
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URBAN AG
Get a grip on watering
Learn to manage landscape irrigation projects by Bob Scott, ASIC, CID, CLIA, EPA WaterSense Partner Watering plants is a lot like life: the more you know the harder it gets.
Landscapers need to increase their education about the landscape irrigation process so they know how to sell quality irrigation features to their clients while continually improving the quality of their irrigation installation.
Here we are, taking this newborn plant from the comfort of its nursery pot to a hole in the ground, often surrounded by a newly built building with weak drainage, concrete everywhere, and dug-up soils where topsoil is a premium.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
In our excitement to get the instant satisfaction of an improved landscape appearance, we select plants with the most beauty, which in most cases means a plant that is in a transition stage of its buds, leaf and root growth. You notice the roots bulging out of the container drain holes and when you take the plant out of the container, the roots look more like a loaf of bread than a plant.
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We are told to shock the plant by disturbing the root loaf, then dig a hole in a bowl large enough to put in potting mix to make up from the loss of the original top soil, then plant your baby (as my granddaughter calls it) with some potting mix and soil mixture, making sure to cover the area with mulch to keep the plant moist and to prevent sun damage to the tender roots. Now we review the sun, air, soil, and water in the plant’s new environment. All of these elements need to be balanced for the health of the plant. Each plant type will adapt to these elements differently. The watering dilemma starts with the homeowner trying to make sure the plant has enough - but not too much moisture.
Science tells us that the plant water needs are predicated on soil water capacity, defined by the plant getting enough moisture to keep it’s circulatory system moving efficiently. The plant’s range for moisture survival is as high as the soil capacity to minus 50% of soil capacity. The plant will give us its reaction by wilting for both not enough and too much water. How can we get the proper amount of water to the plant? Years ago, hand watering irrigation was the way. Everyone had personal edible gardens and ornamental plants were watered the same way. As landscape plantings became more prevalent and planted landscapes became more extensive, hand watering proved to be ineffective. There were not enough hours in the day to hand water and labor costs to pay someone else to do it were beyond practical means. Irrigation sprinklers were introduced from the farms to landscape in the 1960s but because the components were made of brass and steel, they were very costly. In the late 1970s when I started in the irrigation industry, the cost of an irrigation system for a homeowner was comparable to the cost of a swimming pool: $8,000 to $10,000. Irrigation system components are now made with plastics and electronics, so irrigation costs have stayed the same or less while swimming pools have doubled. Costs have driven the installation of landscape irrigation as an insurance policy for the major investment of landscape material. Irrigation of the landscape has always been a love/hate relationship: landscape design and installation is a creative process while irrigation is more nuts and bolts. Owners of landscape companies need to take that into consideration when assembling their labor force; the two tasks require different education. That is why it is so important that the landscaper has a plan for irrigation education.
URBAN AG Landscapers need to increase their education about the landscape irrigation process so they know how to sell quality irrigation features to their clients while continually improving the quality of their irrigation installation.
Making irrigation work for you
I have been asked by landscapers, “How can we succeed in developing the irrigation portion of our business?” Here are my top three tips. Remember that irrigation 1. Organize. is 95% underground. I am a proponent of being well organized; if you’re well organized above ground you have a much higher chance of being organized underground. Your site organization skills will allow your crew to focus on effective irrigation installation technique.
Final thought
As an irrigation advisor for the Georgia Urban Agriculture Council and Georgia Certified Landscape Professional (GCLP) programs, I am involved with discussions and decisions for the landscape industry centering around improving the availability of continuing education for the landscaper. A well-educated green industry will improve all of our careers. About the author Bob Scott is President of Irrigation Consultant Services, Inc. in Conyers, Georgia and also serves on the Georgia Urban Ag Council’s Board of Directors.
Irrigation parts are costly; loss and getting the wrong parts can determine whether any money is made on a job. Determine material not only by cost, but also take into consideration an organizational system that brings products from the shop to the site. Consider ordering your parts by a bar code system. Most smart phones have apps for this purpose and will most likely match your material supplier’s system. If not, discuss this with your supplier.
2. Protect. Set up safety programs. The more your employees know that you are looking out for their welfare the more they will look out for yours.
770/233-6107
ugaurbanag.com/certification
Manage. I believe that irrigation is the foundation of the landscape, so we need to prioritize irrigation with that in mind.
3.
Are you ready to prove you’re the best?
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Irrigation installation is hard work. I remember years ago in my irrigation installation days how important it was to plan and stake the installation for the day when I first got to the jobsite in the morning. I would have my crews open up the trench until noon then pipe the system and clean up in the afternoon. This gave the crew a sense of daily accomplishment while setting up the continuation of the irrigation system for the next day. This process also helps minimize damage due to a rain event or any other “out of your control” delay.
Test your knowledge > Gain professional credibility > Join the industry elite
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49
URBAN AG
Rotary nozzles fit the task
How to efficiently irrigate narrow spaces by Hunter Industries fertilizer is being used in a landscape where the irrigation system emits water faster than the soil intake rate, that fertilizer will runoff into the storm drains along with the excess water, causing the landscape to suffer and potentially contaminating the environment.
Photo courtesy of Hunter Industries
Instead of a fixed spray pattern, these nozzles use rotating streams of water that cut through wind, reduce misting, and allow for a more uniform distribution of water at a slow, even rate that soils can absorb, significantly reducing runoff. With more regulations promoting water conservation, the ability to efficiently water
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
narrow landscapes along sidewalks or between homes is becoming more of a priority. Some districts are mandating that all new turf be irrigated through subsurface irrigation to reduce the amount of water waste, but what about existing narrow turf areas? Is there a better way?
50
Overhead irrigation provides a clear view of how well the irrigation system is performing. The user can see how much water is being applied to the landscape, and maintenance is easier. But overhead irrigation typically produces runoff and misting that create a lack of uniformity.
For information, online produce training, resources and tools, visit hunterindustries. com/professionals
Most irrigation manufacturers offer overhead watering options for narrow areas, such as side strip-spray nozzles and short-radius spray nozzles that can water distances as short as two feet. However, these nozzles emit water at a much faster rate than soils can absorb, resulting in overwatering of some areas and underwatering of other areas. With many traditional spray nozzles, the shorter the nozzle distance, the higher the precipitation rate and the higher the likelihood of runoff. If
A good option to reduce runoff when using traditional short-radius spray nozzles is to use the cycle and soak program on your controller to break up the run time and allow the soil to absorb the water, but there is an even better alternative. Rotary nozzles are the best way to efficiently water using overhead irrigation. Instead of a fixed spray pattern, these nozzles use rotating streams of water that cut through wind, reduce misting, and allow for a more uniform distribution of water at a slow, even rate that soils can absorb, significantly reducing runoff. The latest innovation is rotary nozzles designed for narrow spaces. For example, the HunterÂŽ MP800SR can reach distances as low as six feet with a low precipitation rate that matches soil intake rates. The side-strip rotary nozzles can even reach distances as low as four feet, and the corner rotary nozzles are great for irregularshaped spaces. Combining these rotary nozzles with pressure-regulating spray bodies increases the efficiency of the system by ensuring that each nozzle receives the exact same pressure preset to an optimal amount for the nozzle. Subsurface irrigation is a great tool for new landscapes with tricky narrow areas. However, for existing landscapes, the rotary nozzle is the best solution to efficient overhead watering. It is simple to retrofit onto existing spray systems, and allows for easier maintenance and visibility in the amount of water being applied while maintaining a healthy green space.
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URBAN AG
Getting ahead of Poa annua
Enhancing annual bluegrass control in Georgia lawns by Dr. Patrick McCullough, University of Georgia Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the most problematic winter weed of lawns in Georgia. Plants have a light green color, coarse
leaf texture, and produce unsightly seedheads. Annual bluegrass germinates in fall, overwinters in a vegetative state, and resumes active growth in spring. Competitive growth of populations cause stand thinning of desirable turfgrasses and predisposes lawns to invasion by summer annual weeds, such as crabgrass. Cultural practices that promote turfgrass density can reduce annual bluegrass infestations in lawns. This is particularly important for grasses with limited selective herbicides available for control, such as tall fescue. Reducing soil moisture by avoiding heavy irrigation is recommended during periods of annual bluegrass germination in fall. Adjusting mowing heights, aerification timings, and fertility programs may also reduce the competitive growth of annual bluegrass with
Control in tall fescue lawns
Preemergence herbicides applied in late summer or fall may prevent annual bluegrass establishment in tall fescue. Dinitroaniline (DNA) herbicides are widely used for preemergence control of annual bluegrass in turf. The DNA herbicides include pendimethalin (Pendulum, others), prodiamine (Barricade, others), and oryzalin (Surflan). These herbicides are relatively cheap, broad spectrum, and safe to use on established tall fescue. However, the exclusive use of DNA herbicides over the years has led to the spread of resistant biotypes in Georgia. Dithiopyr (Dimension) is a pyridine herbicide with a different site of action than the DNAs. Annual bluegrass with resistance to DNA herbicides in Georgia has also shown crossresistance to Dimension (Picture 1). Therefore, it is recommended that turf managers select other herbicides for controlling annual bluegrass if DNA-resistance is a concern.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Turf managers have several alternatives to the DNA herbicides for preemergence control of annual bluegrass. Ronstar 2G (oxadiazon) and Bensumec (bensulide) offer different modes of action than the DNAs for preemergence control of annual bluegrass in tall fescue. However, Ronstar is labeled for nonresidential turf and Benumec can only be used in residential lawns. These herbicides should be considered for use in rotation programs with DNA herbicides for preemergence control of annual bluegrass in tall fescue.
Patrick McCullough
Picture 1. Preemergence control of dinitroaniline-resistant annual
52
desirable turfgrasses. Practitioners should consider modifying these practices to enhance turfgrass density prior to annual bluegrass emergence in fall.
bluegrass with Kerb after six weeks.
Prograss 1.5EC (ethofumesate) also provides preemergence control of annual bluegrass in residential and non-residential tall fescue. Two applications of Prograss at 0.5 to 1 gallon per acre, beginning in late fall, can control
URBAN AG Table 1. Alternatives to dinitroanilines and other mitotic inhibitors (Group 3 herbicides) for annual bluegrass control in tall fescue.
Group Herbicide Numbera
Timingb
Rate
Comments on annual bluegrass control
5
Xonerate 70WG (amicarbazone)
POST
2 to 4 oz/acre
Make sequential treatments in late March/early April.
8
Bensumec 4L (bensulide)
PRE
3 gal/acre
Use in residential tall fescue lawns only.
16
Prograss 1.5EC (ethofumesate)
PRE +
0.5-1 gal/acre
Must be applied sequentially in fall. Do not use in spring.
early POST 14
Ronstar 2G (oxadiazon)
PRE
3 lb ai/acre
Use in nonresidential tall fescue lawns only.
27
Tenacity 4SC (mesotrione)
PRE
5-8 fl oz/acre
Use during tall fescue establishment from seed.
Group Number: 5 = Photosystem II inhibitors, 8 and 16 = lipid synthesis inhibitors, 14 = protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, 27 = 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate- dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. a
b
PRE = preemergence, POST = postemergence
Control in warm-season lawns
Turf managers have more herbicides available for selectively controlling annual bluegrass in warmseason lawns (bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St.
Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass) compared to tall fescue. However, herbicide resistant annual bluegrass has become more widespread in these lawns than in fescue, and selective control can be difficult. The dinitroaniline herbicides (pendimethalin, prodiamine, others) have been overused for preemergence control of annual bluegrass in Georgia. We have identified populations of annual bluegrass that exhibit resistance to the DNA herbicides and Dimension (Picture 1). Root development of these plants are unaffected by DNA herbicides, such as prodiamine, and plants are able to establish in treated areas. Resistance develops in annual bluegrass populations when the same herbicide or mode of action has been sprayed repeatedly over years. Biotypes with resistance mechanisms that survive these applications are able to spread and eventually become the majority of the population. This type of selection pressure has shifted annual bluegrass populations to resistant biotypes, particularly in warm-season grasses throughout Georgia. Turf managers looking for alternatives to DNA herbicides should consider using Specticle Flo 0.62L (indaziflam) in warm-season lawns. It has an alternative mode of action to the DNA herbicides for pre- and early postemergence control of annual bluegrass in warm-season turfgrasses. Specticle Flo should be applied in
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
annual bluegrass seedlings and provide residual control during periods of peak germination. Turf managers may also use Prograss during establishment of tall fescue, but applications provide erratic control of annual bluegrass in spring. Tenacity 4SC (mesotrione) controls annual bluegrass during establishment of tall fescue from seed. Tenacity at 8 fl oz per acre provides a competitive growth advantage of tall fescue during establishment over annual bluegrass. A sequential application at 5 to 8 fl oz per acre after 3 to 4 weeks is recommended to enhance control of annual bluegrass in fall. Xonerate 70WDG (amicarbazone) provides selective postemergence control of annual bluegrass. Applications must be made in early spring to maximize selectivity in established tall fescue. Xonerate should be applied once temperatures have reached approximately 60 to 65 degrees (F) during the daytime in March. Sequential applications of 2 to 4 oz of product per acre applied at 14 to 21 day intervals have shown effective control of established annual bluegrass in Georgia. Tall fescue can be reseeded within two weeks after applications at labeled use rates.
53
URBAN AG September in North Georgia or October in South Georgia from 6 to 10 fl oz of product per acre for preemergence annual bluegrass control. It should only be used on established turfgrasses under optimal growing conditions. Specticle has some risk for turf injury on sandy soils with low organic matter and turfgrass that is stressed. Adjusting the rate or making split applications can reduce potential turfgrass injury from these treatments. Specticle also provides early postemergence control of seedling annual bluegrass in warmseason grasses. This is not a standalone treatment for annual bluegrass control in late October/ early November. Tank-mixtures of Specticle with atrazine or simazine at 1 lb of active ingredient per acre are recommended for applications made later than the traditional preemergence timings in Georgia. This combination provides pre- plus postemergence control of immature annual
bluegrass with residual activity until spring. Moreover, these combinations are safe for warmseason turfgrasses and should be considered for lawn care operators treating lawns at late fall timings. Bensumec (bensulide) and Ronsatar (oxadiazon) may also be used in warm-season turf for preemergence annual bluegrass control as alternatives to the DNAs (Table 2). Bensumec is labeled for residential lawns only, while Ronstar can only be applied to nonresidential lawns. These herbicides must be applied in early fall prior to annual bluegrass germination to maximize efficacy. Tank-mixtures with postemergence herbicides should be considered for any preemergence herbicide applied in October for North Georgia or in November for South Georgia.
Table 2. Alternatives to exclusive use of dinitroanilines (Group 3 herbicides), sulfonylureas (Group 2 herbicides), and
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
triazines (Group 5 herbicides) for annual bluegrass control in warm-season grasses.
Timingb
Rate
Comments on annual bluegrass control
2+5
Sulfonylurea herbicidec + atrazine/ simazine
PRE + POST
See labels
Apply in Nov/Dec to bermudagrass or zoysiagrass.
3d
Kerb 50WP, Kerb 3.3SC (pronamide) PRE + POST
1 to 1.5 lb ai/ acre
Apply in Nov/Dec to nonresidential warm-season lawns.
8
Bensumec 4L (bensulide)
PRE
3 gal/acre
Apply to residential lawns only.
9
Roundup, others (glyphosate)
POST
0.38 lb ae/acre
Apply to dormant bermudagrass only.
9+5
Roundup, others (glyphosate) + atrazine/simazine 4L
PRE + POST
0.38 lb ae/acre + 1 lb ai/acre
Apply to dormant bermudagrass only.
14
Ronstar 2G, others (oxadiazon)
PRE
3 lb ai/acre
Apply to nonresidential lawns only.
14
Sureguard 51WG (flumioxazin)
PRE + POST
10-12 oz/acre
Apply to dormant bermudagrass in early winter.
22
Reward 2L (diquat)
POST
2 pt/acre
Apply to dormant bermudagrass or zoysiagrass.
29
Specticle Flo (indaziflam)
PRE
6-10 fl oz/acre
Apply in September/October.
29 + 5
Specticle Flo (indaziflam) + atrazine/simazine
PRE + POST
6-10 fl oz + 1 lb ai/acre
Apply in October/November to warm-season lawns.
Groups: 2 = acetolactate synthase inhibitors, 3 = mitotic inhibitors, 5 = Photosystem II inhibitors, 8 = lipid synthesis inhibitors, 9 = EPSP synthase inhibitor, 14 = protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, 22 = Photosystem I disruptors, 29 = cellulose synthesis inhibitors. a
PRE = preemergence, POST = postemergence
b c
Examples of sulfonylureas are flazasulfuron (Katana), foramsulfuron (Revolver), and trifloxysulfuron (Monument).
Kerb is mitotic inhibitor with a different site of action than dinitroaniline herbicides. In Georgia, Kerb has shown to provide preemergence control of annual bluegrass biotypes with resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides. d
54
Group Treatments Numbera
URBAN AG Pronamide (Kerb) may be used for pre- and postemergence control of annual bluegrass in nonresidential warm-season lawns (Table 2). Kerb is a mitotic inhibitor (Group 3 herbicide) that must be absorbed by roots. It is critical that applications received irrigation within 24 hours to maximize efficacy. Although Kerb is a mitotic inhibitor, it has a different site of action than the DNA herbicides. We have found that Kerb provides effective preemergence control of annual bluegrass with resistance to DNAherbicides and Dimension (dithiopyr) in Georgia (Picture 1). Kerb should be applied at 1 to 1.5 lb of active ingredient per acre between November and early December in Georgia. A concern with pronamide is the potential for lateral movement to susceptible (cool-season) turfgrasses. Applicators should avoid treatments on slopes or to saturated soils if cool-season grasses are adjacent to targeted areas. Another alternative to DNA herbicides for controlling annual bluegrass in fall is Sureguard (flumioxazin). This herbicide provides pre- and
postemergence control of annual bluegrass, and offers an alternative mode of action to the DNAs, sulfonylureas, and triazine herbicides. Sureguard 51WG is labeled for use in dormant bermudagrass only. Applications to actively growing bermudagrass cause turf discoloration for several weeks. Sureguard should be used at 10 to 12 oz of product per acre in late November or early December to control immature annual bluegrass. This application timing can provide residual control of annual bluegrass until March. The sulfonylureas (acetolactate synthase inhibitors, ALS-inhibitors) and triazines (Photosystem II inhibitors) are widely used for postemergence control of annual bluegrass in bermudagrass and zoysiagrass lawns. Flazasulfuron (Katana), foramsulfuron (Revolver), trifloxysufluron (Monument), and the combination product Tribute Total (thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron) are examples of sulfonylureas. Atrazine and simazine are examples of the triazine herbicides. Applications in late fall
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URBAN AG
Patrick McCullough
Picture 2. Resistant and susceptible annual bluegrass biotypes following
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
treatments of a sulfonylurea herbicide in zoysiagrass.
56
Patrick McCullough
Picture 3. Segregation of an annual bluegrass population as resistant biotypes are not controlled from a sulfonylurea herbicide.
typically provide the best control of annual bluegrass after peak germination. Turf managers using Celsius (thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba), metsulfuron (Manor, MSM, others), and sulfosulfuron (Certainty) may control seedling annual bluegrass, but applications do not provide acceptable control of mature plants.
Annual bluegrass resistance to sulfonylureas and triazines is concerning in bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass lawns throughout Georgia. Resistance to these herbicides could eventually preclude the exclusive use of these herbicides without tank-mix partners for annual bluegrass control. Segregation of annual bluegrass populations after applications of these herbicides should be monitored after treatments to determine if resistant biotypes could be present in a lawn (Pictures 2 and 3). If resistance is a concern, tank-mixing two herbicides with different modes of action will enhance the potential to control annual bluegrass with herbicide resistance. For example, applying a sulfonylurea (ALS-inhibitor) with simazine (PSII inhibitor) or glyphosate (EPSP synthase inhibitor) in dormant bermudagrass. The additional mode of action in tank-mixtures increases the potential to control the resistant biotypes while controlling the susceptible population. Dormant bermudagrass may be treated with nonselective herbicides, such as glyphosate (Roundup, others) and diquat (Reward) to enhance resistance management (Table 2). These herbicides provide alternative modes of action to sulfonylureas and triazines for postemergence annual bluegrass control. However, end-users should only spray at peak dormancy when no green turfgrass foliage is present. We have confirmed annual bluegrass resistance to glyphosate in Georgia turf. Therefore, tankmixing glyphosate with simazine or another herbicide with a different mode of action will enhance the potential for controlling populations with suspected resistance. Incorporating other modes of action in sequential programs can delay the onset of resistance to multiple modes of action as well. Most labels have the herbicide Group Number on the front page to identify the mode of action. Turf managers should have an appreciation for the herbicide mode of action when selecting products for annual bluegrass control. However, costs, efficacy, and turfgrass injury potential may be significant challenges or limitations to rotating modes of action in many turfgrass species.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
57
URBAN AG
Pest management revisited
Adding beneficial insect preservation to your business by Steve D. Pettis Pollinators have been headlining the news for months now. With
Ansel Oommen, Bugwood.org
So, why should landscape professionals (such as lawn managers, tree and shrub care professionals, nursery and garden center operators) consider beneficial insects? Because homeowners are becoming more aware of the benefits of beneficial insects.
reports of declining monarch butterfly populations and honeybee deaths seemingly in the news daily, homeowners are becoming aware of the plight of pollinators and other beneficial insects. Just some of the headlines recently: “After a Year of Pledges and Promises, Are We Any Closer to Saving the Monarchs?”
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
58
There may be many factors disrupting populations and contributing to pollinator decline:
beneficial insects of the habitats they need for reproduction and over-wintering.
of food source plants. Exotic, nonLoss native, and cultivated hybrid flowers may not
produce the pollen that insects need for protein, or the nectar that bees, birds, butterflies and bats need for energy.
of pesticides. Pesticides may kill Over-use pollinators and beneficial insects directly, and in
So, why should landscape professionals (such as lawn managers, tree and shrub care professionals, nursery and garden center operators) consider beneficial insects? Because homeowners are becoming more aware of the benefits of beneficial insects. The media is covering the plight of beneficials such as monarch butterflies and honeybees so often that the average news consumer is aware that “there is something wrong.” And if your clients care, you should care. Besides, preserving beneficial insects could become a selling point. Making efforts to preserve beneficial insects could give your company an edge over the competition,
What is going on with pollinating insects?
of habitat. Manicured lawns, clipped Loss hedges and tidy, suburban landscapes deprive
“Decline of Bees and Other Pollinators Could Worsen Global Malnutrition”
“As Pollinators Decline, Plants Could Go It Alone”
especially in competitive high-end markets. Also, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is already requiring that agricultural chemical companies label insecticides as to their relative safety for beneficial insects. The EPA also is “encouraging” farmers to take greater care when using pesticides. In short, regulatory changes are coming.
addition some chemicals may be retained in the pollen that bees store to feed their young.
Presidential action
The President has launched a Research Action Plan to address issues related to pollinators. The Administration is encouraging a “leadership role” for federal agencies through research granting, EPA regulations, habitat preservation and development, insect research, etc. When the White House gets involved in the issue, related industries must take notice.
The Georgia Pollinator Plan
A plan has been put into place in Georgia to protect honeybees in row crop agriculture.
URBAN AG According to a UGA publication about pollinators: “A 2014 economic impact study by the University of Georgia determined that the annual value of pollination to Georgia is over $360 million. While many insects such as flies, beetles, moths, butterflies and wasps can be important pollinators, bees outperform them all because of their dietary need for pollen and nectar, their hairy bodies that carry pollen grains easily and their rapid flight from flower to flower.” “Species such as bumble bees and honey bees can be managed on a large scale suitable for the high-acreage pollination demands of modern agriculture. “As important as managed bees are for pollination, the services provided for free by unmanaged, wild bees are at least equally valuable.” The Georgia Pollinator Protection Plan includes guidelines for farmers to protect pollinators.
What can landscapers do?
Really, the questions are, “What can we landscape professionals do better and how can we let the public know that we care?”
Get integrated Plant pest managers should use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as a component of a holistic Plant Health Care approach for managing crop pests. IPM uses all available plant health care tactics, including cultural controls (growing plants properly), biological controls (preserving and encouraging beneficial insects), host plant resistance and the judicious use of environmentally friendly pesticides with more powerful pesticides saved as a last resort. IPM assures that economic losses and environmental side effects are minimized. The key to IPM is monitoring insect pest populations to determine whether infestations require pesticide treatment. Landscape managers should work with clients to set reasonable economic treatment thresholds
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URBAN AG for commonly occurring insect pests in landscapes. Other IPM actions that can be taken by landscapers to reduce the use of pesticides include:
Susan Ellis, Bugwood.org
Landscape companies should be ready to tell clients that they use selective pesticides that have minimal impact on non-target species. This practice protects pollinators and conserves natural enemies.
native plants using that are beneficial to
pollinating insects and are relatively pest free;
plants in the putting proper environmental situations; and
proper using irrigation practices.
Spread the news Many companies already take care to protect beneficial insects by using IPM practices. But do they let their clients know? Landscape companies should be ready to tell clients that they use selective pesticides that have minimal impact on non-target species. This practice protects pollinators and conserves natural enemies.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Likewise, if your company uses native plants, make people aware of this fact. Let clients know that if all recommended pesticides are equally hazardous to beneficials, you will use the one with the shortest residual effect.
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Market your environmentally friendly practices to improve your image and that of the pest management industry. This will help keep our industry from getting blamed for a decline in pollinators.
Right now, it is just ag…
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is now requiring a “Protection of Pollinators” advisory box on certain agricultural pesticide labels. The bee hazard icon alerts users to learn the restrictions and use instructions that protect bees and other insect pollinators at
each application site. Is it hard to imagine that something similar will happen in the turf and ornamental plant industry?
Get educated: talk the talk
It is true that an application of a systemic insecticide to the soil around trees and shrubs minimizes the direct insecticide exposure to pollinators experienced through spraying. However, according to recent studies, some active ingredients of systemic insecticides can eventually be incorporated into nectar and may harm bees. If possible, avoid soil application of systemic insecticides during or just prior to bloom. Learn everything you can about the products you use. Always thoroughly read the labeled instructions. Stay abreast of current issues pertaining to your industry.
Conclusion
Changes are coming for all users of pesticides, including homeowners. For pesticide professionals, pesticide licensing regulation changes have been proposed at the EPA level and pesticide labeling is getting more restrictive. The clients who hire landscape professionals are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious. If our industry gets to work we can make ourselves the leaders in a new environmentally friendly pest control industry. Let’s establish more flowering plants, shrubs and trees that are native to Georgia and the Southeast, use pesticides more carefully by avoiding treating plants in bloom and using biorational insecticide options such as horticultural oils, BT and soaps. Finally, let’s educate our clientele about our efforts so they can see that our industry puts a priority on protecting our environment. About the author
Steve Pettis is Agricultural and Natural Resources Agent for UGA Cooperative Extension in Rockdale County. P: 770.278.7373
E: pettis1@uga.edu
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Who’s eating those plants?
A little wildlife knowledge solves the mystery by Sharon Dowdy Chewing pests have many Georgia homeowners wondering, “Who dunnit?” when their favorite tree or shrub is scarred by teeth marks.
In west Cobb County, Bruce Roberts is losing landscape plants to a critter that loves to chew through the main stem of plants just above the roots.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
“Several months ago, I noticed one of our nandinas lying on the Sharon Dowdy ground. Something At a field day on the University of Georgia had chewed campus in Griffin, UGA Cooperative Extension wildlife expert Michael Mengak completely through discusses the use of traps to control nuisance it just below ground wildlife. level, where the trunk meets the roots,” he said. “Since then, the same thing has happened with other nandinas, mahonias and hollies.”
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Roberts describes the gnaw marks as small. If the shrubs and marks were larger and he lived on a pond, Roberts would think beavers caused the damage. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension wildlife expert Michael Mengak says correctly knowing who is causing the damage is key to preventing and controlling wildlife in landscapes. “Deer don’t chew below ground. If your damage is below ground, you have voles or rabbits,” he said.
Looking for the evidence
All animals leave signs or evidence that they’ve been in the area.
Droppings Fresh droppings are black and shiny while old droppings are dry and brown or gray. “Black and white droppings can be from a bird, snake or lizard,” Mengak said. “The size of the droppings will also tell you a lot.” Rats, mice, chipmunks and toads leave droppings the size of a grain of rice. Rabbit droppings are pea size and deer droppings are large and oval.
Digging A dirt mound could be a sign of a groundhog, turtle, armadillo or coyote. If there is no dirt mound, the digger is likely a chipmunk, skunk, mole or vole. Tunnels are also signs of moles and voles. Armadillos dig inverted, cone-shaped holes 3 to 4 inches deep and 1 to 2 inches in diameter, Mengak said.
Gnawing If leaves are clipped or bitten in a clean, sharp manner, the pest is likely a rabbit, squirrel or woodrat. If branches are cut, squirrels or rabbits are probably the cause. Deer lack upper incisors, so they leave a ragged cut on leaves.
Time of day Raccoons, skunks, opossums and woodrats move at night, while squirrels, chipmunks and woodchucks are active during the day.
Controlling wildlife
UGA’s Extension experts offer some tips on controlling wildlife in your landscape.
Deer To discourage deer from munching on your marigolds, Mengak recommends using Liquid Fence, Deer Off or Deer Away. All of these products are available as a spray from local
URBAN AG home gardening centers. “These products should never be applied to food crops, and read labels carefully,” he said.
Voles and rabbits To treat for voles and rabbits, use milorganite, also available at most home improvement and gardening centers.
Voles and chipmunks Like their rodent cousins, voles and chipmunks should be trapped using mousetraps baited with peanut butter. “Not much else will be effective,” he said. “Chipmunks are primarily seedeaters. They might chew a woody shrub, but that would be unusual.” If trapping doesn’t appeal to you, modify your landscape to discourage voles and chipmunks. Clear existing mulch and apply gravel instead of bark or pine straw, Mengak said. “This method can work, but it’s counter-intuitive to gardening principles,” he said.
Use the HERL method
When fighting critters in your landscape, follow the HERL method:
Habitat modification Exclusion Removal or repellents Lethal control
A deer fence should be 8 feet tall or higher, while chicken wire fences can be just 2 feet high.
a net or a Use trap to remove
the pest or a repellent to discourage the animal from coming into the area. Effective repellents work through taste, fear or odor.
traps can Lethal be used to control
Sharon Dowdy a small number of pests, but may Dog safe traps allow homeowners to trap require permits nuisance wildlife without harming their pets. from a state or federal wildlife agency. Use live traps with extreme caution. Raccoons, skunks and other animals that may carry rabies should not be caught in live traps.
poison baits to control rats, mice and Use other small rodents. Keep out of reach of
children and pets. Baits are best used in out buildings or under careful observation.
For further assistance, call your local UGA Extension office at 1-800-ASK-UGA1.
He recommends following these steps:
your landscape so it’s not the perfect Modify habitat for the pest animal. anything that could be used as Remove cover. tall grass and remove piles of brush, Mow logs, rocks and other debris.
About the author Sharon Dowdy is a news editor with the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
“Unfortunately, it’s hard to create a habitat that attracts the wildlife you want and discourages the nuisance species,” Mengak said.
a fence to Build exclude wildlife.
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Outdoor design trends and challenges Things to consider on your hardscape projects by Joe Raboine, Director of Belgard Design Studio All photos courtesy of Belgard
Patios In recent years, as the popularity of outdoor living continues to expand, there has been in increase in the number of “multi-level patios.” Multilevel patios are great, in that they add dimension, visual interest, and efficiently separate the living spaces. However, with multiple levels, comes a greater likelihood of installation challenges. First, make sure to account for consistent height transitions between levels. Oftentimes, projects are seen, that have different step heights, which cause potential trip hazards and is a code violation. If your heights aren’t laid out correctly, it will impact the entire project and could lead to a tear out. Second, make sure that the wall and step riser materials you use are sized adequately to retain each level, and also buried properly. Follow the guidelines provided by our segmental retaining wall specifications and you should be in good shape. Lastly, make sure that each level is properly compacted. The number one failure on multi-level patios is lack of proper compaction. If you remember these simple tips, your multi-level patio installations will look great, and your customers will love them for years to come.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Walkways
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More and more walkways, in particular front entryways, are becoming more of a focal point for the home. No longer are they just a utilitarian means of getting from the road or driveway to the front door. They are now perceived as a welcoming entry that can add tremendous value to a home. When considering where to place a walkway, don’t be afraid to pull it away from the house. Make sure it flows naturally, and as one walks up to the house, keep in mind that this is an opportunity to place the house in the most flattering context. Many times, the walkway is very tightly laid up against a garage and as one turns the corner toward the front door, it’s difficult to see the overall façade of the house. Pulling it away in a broad arc, at least 10 – 15’ from the house, will give visitors a much better sense of the house, and is much more welcoming.
Also, take the opportunity to add a walkway from the road or public walk as well. The best front walkways connect both the street and the driveway. Lastly, once you approach the front door, make sure that the walkway is large enough to accommodate large groups. The larger space can also be a great place for a couple benches or chairs. These spaces welcome visitors, and invite them to stay. Front entryways offer tremendous opportunities for homeowners to personalize and transform their homes. So, next time someone asks for a front sidewalk, give them something much more. A warm welcoming entrance to their home.
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Firepits Firepits continue to be the number one feature requested in new outdoor living spaces.
Also, be sure to consider how the firepit will be viewed. Can it be enjoyed from the table cooking area as well? Make sure that the spaces are close enough to the rest of the outdoor living areas as to encourage dialog.
They have evolved from the stone boulder rings of the past into elaborate raised features that can burn both wood or gas.
Don’t forget to take the opportunity to add built-in seating. The seating can mirror the shape of the firepit, linear or curved. They can have backs or not, but be sure that they are close enough to keep the guests warm.
There are endless opportunities to incorporate firepits into your designs. Don’t think they are limited to just squares and circles, however. Don’t be afraid to experiment with rectangular linear shapes, ellipses, or hexagons. Creating unique firepits can set you apart from other contractors.
Also, consider adding cushions. Cushions will help soften the space and can be purchased stock or custom. Lastly, be sure to check with local codes for required setbacks for firepits. Gas pits typically can be placed closer than wood. Wood pits sometimes require screens if placed near structures. If designed and built properly, firepits can be the focal point of an outdoor living space, and extend the season year round. Make sure to incorporate a firepit option on all your projects!
Fireplaces Outdoor fireplace installations continue to expand in the outdoor living space. Not only do they extend the season, the offer an opportunity to really define the style of the space.
As with firepits, be sure to consider how furniture will be placed. Also, make sure to follow the local codes and setbacks. When setbacks are an issue, typically natural gas can be used in tight spaces. Belgard offers three lines of outdoor fireplaces. Our flagship line, the Bristol Fireplace, features a larger scale and is inlaid with Arbel pavers as an accent. Our Brighton fireplace is a little bit smaller scale than the Bristol, but features an iron inlay as an accent. Our Bordeaux Fireplace is the smallest fireplace, however, features a natural ledgestone look. To help set yourself apart, consider adding one of our fireplaces to your next project.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
As a visual anchor, they can be used to help “draw” the guests from inside the house. Be sure to place them so they can be enjoyed from inside as well…both when in use and when not.
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URBAN AG
Kitchens Outdoor kitchens are one of the hottest trends today in outdoor living. No longer are clients looking for just an outdoor grill. They are adding brick ovens, refrigerators, Green Eggs, and much more. The outdoor kitchen is exactly as it sounds: fully functioning versions of an indoor kitchen. With the elaborate kitchens, however, comes a host of challenges to consider. Will there be water? If so, will it be hot and cold? Where will the sink drain? Will there be gas? Is it Natural Gas or LP? What electrical is needed? Is there a rotisserie, lighting, or music? What type of material will be used to construct the kitchen itself? What type of countertop will be used? All these questions must be considered when tackling an outdoor kitchen project. Belgard offers a host of solutions as well. In addition to our standard free standing grill islands in our Bristol and Bordeaux Collections, we also offer semi-custom kitchens in our Element series. Typically these modular units are built to order, so please allot for a 6-8 week lead time. Of course, you can also build full custom kitchens with almost any of our wall products. One of the best products for custom outdoor kitchens is our Tandem Wall Modular Grid. This system uses a wood structure that is covered with a metal grid. The grid is then covered with our Tandem Wall veneers, giving you the appearance of a natural ashlar stone.
UAC MAGAZINE | JULY/AUGUST 2016
Walls
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revolutionary wall product. It’s made on a paver machine, so it has exceptional height tolerance as well as outstanding strength. Because of these factors, it installs easily and will withstand the pressures of northern freeze thaw cycles and salt better than most competitive products. It also features a unique connection system. Rather than the typical heavy SRW, it has two “face blocks” that are connected together with a high strength polymer plastic. The core is then filled with clear angular stone. This system is unprecedented and allows for fast installations, a natural appearance, and long term durability. In addition to these features, it also integrates with the Tandem Grid system mentioned in our kitchen tips. The trend in segmental retaining walls is definitely leaning to more “natural” looking products. Belgard has recently launched a product to address this trend called “Tandem Wall.” Tandem Wall features a natural dressed stone face, and is available in most markets in a multi-piece Ashlar pattern, as well as a singular solid texture. In addition to having a unique natural look, Tandem Wall itself is a
Lastly, for larger scale projects, we offer Mega Tandem. It’s the same concept, but on a much larger scale. With Mega Tandem it’s possible to get a very natural look on a large scale project, and can be built as a gravity wall up to 10’ in height for certain applications.
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