Quaternary Science Journal - D. Palaeozoological Research

Eiszeitalter

u.

Gegenwart

Band 23/24

Seite

333-339

Öhringen/Württ.,

15. Oktober

1973

D. P a l a e o z o o l o g i c a l Research

by H O R S T R E M Y , Bonn

translated by U . B U R E K , S. C H R U L E V and R . T H O M A S , Tübingen

1. M o l l u s c s Comprehensive studies of Pleistocene land- and freshwater molluscs have so far been largely restricted to the faunas of interglacial and Würmian glacial deposits, and to the history of postglacial faunas. A N T has reconstructed the postglacial history of changes in landsnail distributions in N W - G e r m a n y a n d Westphalia ( A N T 1 9 6 3 a , 1967). The present d a y fauna consists of a preexisting fauna ( " U r f a u n a " ) together with postglacial immi­ grants. The elements of the " U r f a u n a " are eurythermal species, which were already living in N W - G e r m a n y during Würm Glaciation. These species comprise about 24 °/o of the present d a y fauna. In the South G e r m a n periglacial region this portion is rather higher.

Microclimatic conditions must have been more favourable in this region, presumably because the influence of the alpine ice mass was not as strong as that of the continental ice sheet to the north. There were m a n y ecological niches whose local climates were more favourable for the survival of such species. Along the south coast of England, SW of the land connection with the continent, several migrant species survived (Atlanto-Britannic F a u n a ) . In the forested region west of the U r a l s , the species wich today constitute the Siberio-Asiatic F a u n a survived, while the immigrant species of the Mediterranean F a u n a survived on the E - c o a s t of Spain, on the W-coast of Italy and S E - E u r o p e . It is not yet certain where some of the immigrant species lived during the glaciation; possibly these forms survived the ice age in S - G e r m a n y and the adjoining regions. During the recolonisation of the former periglacial areas, not all of the species were able to reestablish them­ selves in their former habitats. Nevertheless, 61 % of the living landsnails of N W G e r m a n y are known from preglacial deposits, while 79 °/o of the modern species have been recognized in the deposits of the various interglacials.

Studies of the history of postglacial landsnail distributions could resolve the questions raised by the glacial relics. There are no glacial relics among the landsnails of Central E u r o p e . Species which have been identified as such have disjunct geographic distributions which are the result of postglacial climatic changes (Atlantikum). T h e stenotopic SiberoAsiatic species from the summits of the low mountains of Central Germany are good examples of this phenomenon ( A N T 1966).

Recent work on the deposits of the Würm glaciation shows more and more clearly that the periglacial region was continously inhabited by landsnails ( R E M Y 1969). Semiarid conditions in this region led to the u p w a r d movement of water through the soil during the glaciation. Under these conditions loess soils p r o v i d e favourable living conditions for landsnails. Thus the extensive deposits of loess contributed to the survival of a relatively rich fauna in this region. About 25 species of landsnails were able to survive the g l a c i a ­ tion in this biotope, in N W - G e r m a n y ( A N T 1969). Nevertheless, the climatic conditions in nearby regions, such as southern and southeastern Germany, must have been more favourable, since additional species which migrated into the periglacial area during rela­ tively short interstadial periods of climatic amelioration could only have come from these

334

Horst Remy

regions. Some of the species of the Striata fauna were such migrants. These regions were refuges for such species during the times of maximum glaciation. Likewise certain areas of the Alps and even S c a n d i n a v i a (ice free nunataks), as well as parts of the coast of N W - S c a n d i n a v i a influenced by the G u l f Stream should be considered as possible refuges for some species ( A N T 1969).

Studies of the moisture requirements of several snail species ( A N T 1963a) and the relationship between shell-bearing snails and the composition of the soil (M. a n d K .

B R U N N A C K E R 1959a) explain the abundance of both species and individuals. In general, favourable conditions of air a n d soil moisture lead to an increase in the number of species. Soil moisture depends p r i m a r i l y on the structure of the soil; loess soils are good for snails, but clay soils are unfavourable, especially since they p r o v i d e difficult condi­ tions for the sliding movements of the snails. T h e numbers of species and individuals in forests increase from " p s e u d o g l e y " to "mullrendzina" soils, while on soils with low carbonate contents the number of species and individuals decrease with increasing acidity.

Systematic investigations of the abundance and distribution of molluscs in glacial sections have so far only been m a d e on the deposits of the Würm glaciation in the Rhine Valley ( R E M Y 1969). During the deposition of the early Würm humus zones a temperatesteppe fauna (Striata fauna) occupied this region. The relatively dry, cold climate of the middle and younger Würm is then represented b y the Pupilla fauna. Sediments deposited in wetter environments are characterised by greater abundance of both species and indi­ viduals. During short periods of climatic amelioration the Striata fauna became impover­ ished, while during periods of extreme cold species tolerant of these conditions (for ex­ ample, P. loessica and C . columella) appear. Surprisingly, the most cold-tolerant faunas are sometimes associated with soils which formed in wet environments. H o w e v e r , at certain horizons, the abundance of snail shells seems not only to increase with the moisture content of the soil; it is also related to periods of non-deposition on the loess. The p r i m a r y pur pose of studies of the molluscs faunas is to answer climatic and stratigraphie questions.

In the southern German area, M . a n d K . B R U N N A C K E R (1956, 1959b, 1962), D E H M (1971), H A E S S L E I N ( 1 9 5 8 a , b, 1959a, b) and M U N Z I N G ( 1 9 6 3 , 1966a, b , 1968, 1970) have been able to characterise the climatic a n d ecological conditions under which several deposits accumulated, by means of faunal analyses. For the most part these faunas are from inter­ glacial and postglacial sediments. F a u n a l analyses from adjacent regions are also a v a i l ­ able, and these have contributed to our understanding of the ecological and climatic con­ ditions over a wider area. A late-Pleistocene loess profile in N o r t h Hessen has been studied by H U C K R I E D E and J A C O B S H A G E N ( 1 9 6 3 ) ; a fauna of the W ü r m glaciation from Westphalia by A N T (1968); and a fauna of the Holstein Interglacial from the lower Rhine

by K E M P F ( 1 9 6 8 ) .

Recently, rather more detailed studies of the molluscan fauna of the Mosbach S a n d have been m a d e by G E I S S E R T ( 1 9 7 0 ) . The conclusions already d r a w n b y other p a l a e o n t o ­ logists on the basis of the m a m m a l fauna were largely substantiated. The middle M o s ­ bach Sand is characterised by an interglacial fauna, while species tolerant of extreme glacial conditions (C. columella a n d V. tenuilabris) occur in the upper Mosbach S a n d .

These cold-tolerant species are accompanied b y a rich fauna of Boreal-Alpine freshwater molluscs as well as species typical of steppes a n d treeless landscapes. The identification of the fauna discovered by W E N Z (1914) at the base of the middle Mosbach S a n d with C . columella is not well established. Thus the existence of a cold period preceding the w a r m Cromer interval in this region has not yet been proved on the basis of the faunas.

However, these studies of the molluscs of the Mosbach Sands indicate that a more detailed subdivision of the Cromer Interglacial — Mindel Glacial period can be made. It should then be possible to make more definite statements about the minor climatological changes which must h a v e occured around the E a r l y — M i d d l e Pleistocene b o u n d a r y .

D. Palaeozoological Research

335

C o m p a r a t i v e analyses of loess faunas o f the various glacial periods from west-central E u r o p e show that the most marked decrease in temperature, or climatic deterioration occured in the Rhine V a l l e y region, during the Riss G l a c i a l (Columella faunas). It w a s at this time that the ice reached its m a x i m u m extent on the western p a r t of the European continent (REMY 1968).

Less emphasis has been placed on studies of molluscan faunas from river and lake deposits, although f a v o u r a b l e conditions for the preservation of shells are common in these environments, a n d abundant material can be obtained. Investigations o f the cley sediments at Jockrim ( G E I S S E R T 1967) a n d of the Mosbach molluscs ( G E I S S E R T 1970) should lead to more comprehensive studies of the South German riversystems. On the north side of the Rheinischen Schiefergebirge, the extensive studies of S T E U S L O F F on the right-hand tributaries o f the Rhine are being continued ( A N T 1963a). T h e post-glacial history of recolonisation of the lakes a n d rivers is being studied in Hessen a n d N o r t h G e r m a n y by H U C K R I E D E ( 1 9 6 5 ) , H U C K R I E D E and B E R D A U ( 1 9 7 0 ) .

These and other studies should lead t o a better understanding of the distribution in space and time of the individual species. These in turn will facilitate the evolution of specific ecological a n d climatic contentions. Evidently, local ecological a n d climatic conditions, influenced b y different regional factors, caused repeated changes in faunal compositions, they should nevertheless in many cases be sufficient for the differentiation of discrete time intervals a n d faunal provinces.

2.

Mammals

T h e emphasis in research is placed in the systematic investigation of micro-mammalian faunas from cave- a n d fissure deposits, a s well as of faunas from established localities (for example Mosbach near Wiesbaden). A n i m a l groups a n d individual species have also contributed to this research. Questions which elucidate ecology, climate a n d stratigraphy are paramount. B u t of course due to their very nature the question of genetic develop足 ment in mammals is of special interest.

Investigations of faunas from cave a n d fissure deposits have been extensively under足 taken in recent years. Whereby emphasis has been layed on such deposits from the S u e v i a n and F r a n c o n i a n J u r a s s i c ( B R U N N E R , D E H M , H E L L E R , V. K O E N I G S W A L D ) . In

this

connection micromammals play a very important roll, as they are employed more a n d more for the drawing u p of boundaries ( J A N O S S Y 1 9 6 1 , 1969; H E L L E R 1969). Here the period from lower Pleistocene to the early Middle-Pleistocene (Cromer Interglacial/Mindel Glacial) has been the focal point o f our attention. A s yet the exact a g e of most faunas is uncertain, since for the warmer a n d cooler faunas the Cromer Interglacial w a s considered, were as for faunas characterised by cold climates the Mindel Glacial w a s employed. An exact differentiation of the stratigraphie sequence for this period time is a prerequisite to classify faunas of cooler climatic conditions, not only in the Cromer Interglacial but perhaps also in the far m o r e differentiated Mindel with its divers changes from warmer to colder periods. Where t o place the boundary dividing the Cromerian from older deposits must remain undecided a t the moment. Obviously colder tolerant faunas or such faunas as can (on account of their climatic features) be clearly seperated from the main faunal element lack as yet a stratigraphical clear position.

I n recent years our knowledge of the fauna from the Mosbach S a n d s has been considerably extended. O l d collections h a v e been restudied and compiled in monographs ( K A H L K E 1960, 1961). A considerable amount has been collected since the 2. w o r l d w a r ;

Horst Remy

336

however, the larger part of this material bears no stratigraphical particulars, a fact which makes the interpretation of faunal development difficult and in part impossible. Similar the exact stratigraphie classification, as well as attributing of faunal elements to certain climatic phases was rendered difficult. An interesting fact is the certain evidence that the Ren belongs within the Mosbach S a n d s ( K A H L K E 1963, K A H L K E & W E I S M A N T E L 1961), which first grains its full importance when the age of the locality can be unequivocal stated.

Alone the investigations of the elephant fauna ( G U E N T H E R 1968, 1969) demonstrate that the deposition of the Mosbach complex must have extended over a considerable period of time. According to G U E N T H E R ' S investigations the Mosbach Sands would extend far back to the beginnings of the Pleistocene, perhaps even into the uppermost Pliocene (Asti ?). O n the other hand the upper Mosbach beds must, according to the same author, extent to within the younger Elster G l a c i a l or even into the older part of the S a a l e glacia­ tion. According to this point of view this area of sedimentation would have existed for the entire lower and for the greater part of the middle Pleistocene.

It is of interest to note that according to latest investigations ( S C H U T T 1970, 1971) some older forms persist until high up in this depositional complex (for example Hyaena perrieri, Acinonyx pardinensis); this means that older forms d o not necessarily indicate great age of the beds in question. They rather indicate considerable stratigraphie extent.

T h e Central European genus Mimomys dies out in the upper Cromer Interglacial ( H E L L E R 1969, J A N O S S Y 1969). P r o b a b l y all ancient forms represented in the Mosbach fauna migra­ ted from the Rhine - Main area during the Mindel-Elster G l a c i a l era. With the onset of the Mindel-Elster Glacial in Central E u r o p e there would a p p e a r to be a not inconsider­ able faunal caesura. The younger more a d a p t e d forms were already extinct at this time due to the restriction of their adaptions. A number of forms occuring in the Mosbach S a n d s exhibit closer relations to recent rather as to ancient forms ( B A H L O <SC M A L E C 1969, BAHLO

1971, H E M M E R

& SCHUTT

1969,

TOBIEN

1957, K A H L K E 1961, G U E N T H E R

1968,

H E L L E R 1969, S C H U T T 1971). S o m e transitional forms are obviously restricted to short periods of time: Panthera pardus sickenbergi — a leopard form from the socalled Mos­ bachium ( S C H U T T 1969a). In which period did their adaption take place? T h e vole assosiation of the middle Mosbach S a n d s characterised by Arvicola, Pitymus Microtus should be looked upon as a cool to temperate fauna, but certainly not as a cold-tolerant fauna due to the true mice of the genus Apodemus.

Vole forms such as Arvicola (arising from Mimomys) should be taken as indication (see also the Ren locality) that the period of the middle Mosbach S a n d s with the main fauna must have been proceeded by colder periods ( H E L L E R 1969).

K . D . A D A M (1961) and E . R Ü T T E (1967) stressed the uniformity of the Cromer complex. Recent investigations suggest, that subdivisions within the Mosbach S a n d s will become possible, since some ancient species g r a d u a l l y die out and modern forms which in part conform to recent species appear. In this connection it does not a p p e a r that regional climatic factors lead to this change in the fauna, but rather the consequences of a true changing adaptional process ( H E L L E R 1969). Especially the Rhine-Main area would not appear before the Mindel glacial to have been affected by any decisive climatic in­ fluences resulting from a noticably cold climate. This means that in this area quite ancient forms could maintain themselves. A p a r t of it were probably driven out by more modern forms than by the hardships of a glacial climate. Hippopotamus certainly succumbed to climatic changes, since the occurence of this form appears to be restricted to a period of time prior to the Mindel glacial ( A D A M 1965). The exact investigation of the Mosbach fauna and the entire stratal complex will be of importance for an elucidation of the upper Pleistocene riversystem in S W - G e r m a n y . Perhaps then specimens originating from ex-

D. Palaeozoological Research

337

posures on the west b a n k of the R h i n e could then be better interpreted and classified (Kuss 1 9 6 1 ) .

T h e numerous faunal descriptions from the loess ( J A C O B S H A G E N , H U C K R I E D E & J A C O B S H A G E N 1 9 6 3 ; B O E C K E R , L E H M A N & R E M Y 1 9 7 2 ; N O B I S 1 9 7 0 , R O T H A U S E N 1 9 7 0 ) , cave

and

fissure deposits ( H E L L E R 1 9 6 0 , 1 9 6 3 , 1 9 6 4 , 1 9 6 6 ; S C H U T T 1 9 6 8 , 1 9 6 9 b ) , terrace deposits ( H E L L E R & B R U N N A C K E R 1 9 6 6 ) , volcanic tuffs ( K u s s & R A H M 1 9 6 7 ) a n d morain deposits of northern G e r m a n y ( G U E N T H E R 1 9 6 2 , 1 9 6 4 ) , are completing more a n d more the picture of the animal world of the Pleistocene. Publication of old specimens will give us sufficient material for an interpretation which will enable us to evaluate with greater authenticity the deposits and stages of the Pleistocene.

3.

Ostracods

Ostracods are not rare in interglacial deposits. Extensive collections from fluviatile and lacustrine deposits within K e m p t e n — K r e f e l d beds ( = H o l s t e i n Interglacial) have been collected from the Lower Rhine ( K E M P F 1 9 6 6 , 1 9 6 7 a ) . C o m p a r i s o n s with other faunas — i. e. from the Paludina beds of Berlin and other interglacial deposits — indicate that there are no special index forms a m o n g the ostracods.

Recently complete ostracod faunas h a v e been described from interstadial and stadial beds of the clay and loess quarry N e u w i e d e r basin ( K E M P F 1 9 6 7 b ) . J u s t as in present days tundra areas numerous pools exist during the arctic summer, similar milieus should have existed in periglacial areas of the Pleistocene. Ostracods which developed rapidly could certainly have lived during colder phases (stadial), whereas forms which developed more slowly occur in the interstadial.

T h e extensive material found permits us to draw up ostracod d i a g r a m s . Ostracods are extensively used for the ecological and climatic interpretation of glacial deposits; perhaps ostracod diagrams could also prove stratigraphical interest.

Bibliography 1. M o l l u s c s ANT, H.: Faunistische, ökologische und tiergeographische Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung der Landschnecken in Nordwestdeutschland. — Abh. Landesmus. Naturkunde Münster, 25. Jg., 1—125, Münster 1963 (1963a).

— : Die würm-periglaziale Molluskenfauna des Lippe- und Ahse-Tales bei Hamm. — N . J b .

Geol. Paläont. Mh. 1963, 77—86, Stuttgart 1963 (1963b).

— : Die Bedeutung der Eiszeiten für die rezente Verbreitung der europäischen Landgastropoden.

— Malacologia, 5, 61—62, 1966.

— : Die Geschichte der westfälischen Landschneckenfauna. — Veröffentl. Naturw Vereinigung Lüdenscheid, H. 7, 35—47, 1967.

— : Zur würm-glazialen Überdauerung europäischer Landgastropoden in Eisrandnähe. — Mala­ cologia, 9, 249—250, 1969.

BRUNNACKER, M. & BRUNNACKER, K.: Die Molluskenfauna einiger Lößprofile im Donautal. — Geol. Bl. NO-Bayern, 6, 96—106, Erlangen 1956.

— : Gehäuseschneckenfauna und Boden. — Zool. Anz., 163, 128—134, Leipzig 1959 (1959 a).

— : Die Molluskenfauna im Kalktuff von Egloffstein (nördl. Frankenalb). — Geol. Bl N O Bayern, 9, 135—140, Erlangen 1959 (1959 b).

— : Weitere Funde pleistozäner Molluskenfaunen bei München. — Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, 13, 129—137, Öhringen/Württ. 1962.

DEHM, R.: Eine altpleistozäne Spaltenfüllung von Weißenburg in Bayern und ihre Mollusken­ fauna. — Mitt. Bayer. Staatssammlung Paläont. hist. Geol., 11, 77—85, 1971.

22

Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart

Horst Remy

338

GEISSERT, F.: Fossile Pflanzenreste und Mollusken aus dem Tonlager von Jockgrim in der Pfalz.

— Mitt. bad. Landesver. Naturkde. u. Naturschutz, N . F. 9, 4 4 3 — 4 5 8 , Freiburg i. Br. 1967.

— : Mollusken aus den pleistozänen Mosbacher Sanden bei Wiesbaden (Hessen). — Mainzer N a ­ turw. Arch., 9, 1 4 7 — 2 0 3 , Mainz 1 9 7 0 .

HAESSLEIN, L . : Bemerkenswertes Helicigona-Vorkommen im Diluvium einer fränkischen Höhle.

— Arch. Molluskenkde., 87, 3 7 — 4 0 , Frankfurt a. M. 1958 ( 1 9 5 8 a).

— : Molluska In: BRUNNER, G.: Nachtrag zur Breitenberghöhle bei Gößweinstein (Ofr.). — N . Jb. Geol. Paläont., Mh., 514, Stuttgart 1 9 5 8 ( 1 9 5 8 b).

— : Mollusken. In: BRUNNER, G.: Der Schmiedberg-Abri bei Hirschberg (Oberpfalz). — Paläont.

Z. 33, 1 5 8 — 1 5 9 , 1 9 5 9 ( 1 9 5 9 a).

— : Die Mollusken. In: BRUNNER, G.: Das Reichentalloch bei Hirschbach (Opf.). — Eiszeitalter u.

Gegenwart, 10, 5 6 — 6 4 , Öhringen/Württ. 1 9 5 9 ( 1 9 5 9 b).

HUCKRIEDE, R.: Eine frühholozäne ruderatus-Fauna im Amöneburger Becken (Mollusca, Hessen).

— Notizbl. hess. L.-Amt Bodenforsch., 93, 1 9 6 — 2 0 6 , Wiesbaden 1 9 6 5 .

HUCKRIEDE, R. & BERDAU, D.: Die süd- und westeuropäische Flußperlmuschel Margaritifera auricularia (SPENGLER) im Holozän von Hannover. — Geologica et Palaeontologica, 4, 1 9 5 — 2 0 1 , Marburg 1 9 7 0 .

HUCKRIEDE, R. & JACOBSHAGEN, V.: Eine Faunenfolge aus dem jungpleistozänen Löß bei Bad Wil­ dungen. 2 . Die Fundschichten. — Abh. hess. L.-Amt Bodenforsch., 44, 9 3 — 1 0 5 , Wiesbaden 1963.

KEMPF, E. K . : Mollusken aus dem Holstein-Interglazial des Niederrheingebietes. — Arch. Mollus­ kenkunde, 98, 1—22, 1 9 6 8 .

MUNZING, K : Mollusken aus Kalktuffen in der Umgebung von Niedereschach (Ldkr. Villingen).

— Mitt. Bad. Landesver. Naturkde. u. Naturschutz, N . F. 8, 4 0 9 — 4 1 0 , Freiburg/Br. 1 9 6 3 — : Quartäre Molluskenfaunen aus Baden-Württemberg. — Jh. Geol. Landesamt Baden-Württ., 8, 4 7 — 6 2 , Freiburg/Br. 1 9 6 6 ( 1 9 6 6 a).

— : Eine molluskenführende Pleistozänterrasse im Tal der Großen Lauter (Schwäbische Alb). — Jber. u. Mitt. oberrh. geol. Ver., N . F. 48, 2 5 — 3 0 , Stuttgart 1 9 6 6 ( 1 9 6 6 b).

— : Molluskenfaunen aus altpleistozänen Neckarablagerungen. — J h . geol. Landesamt BadenWürtt., 10, 1 0 5 — 1 1 9 , Freiburg/Br. 1 9 6 8 .

— : Mollusken aus dem interglazialen Quellkalk von Hausen i. T. (Landkreis Stockach). — Mitt. bad. Landesver. Naturkde. u. Naturschutz, N . F. 10, 2 7 1 — 2 7 2 , Freiburg/Br. 1 9 7 0 .

REMY, H.: Zur Stratigraphie und Klimaentwicklung des jüngeren Pleistozäns in Mittel- und West­ europa unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Losses. — Decheniana, 121, 1 2 1 — 1 4 5 , Bonn 1968.

— : Würmzeitliche Molluskenfaunen aus Lößserien des Rheingaues und des nördlichen Rhein­ hessens. — Notizbl. hess. L.-Amt Bodenforsch., 97, 9 8 — 1 1 6 , Wiesbaden 1969.

2. M a m m a l s ADAM, K. D.: Die Bedeutung der pleistozänen Säugetier-Faunen Mitteleuropas für die Geschichte des Eiszeitalters. — Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturk., 78, 1—34, Stuttgart 1 9 6 1 .

— : Neue Flußpferd-Funde am Oberrhein. — Jh. geol. Landesamt Baden-Württemberg, 7, 6 2 1 — 6 3 1 , Freiburg 1 9 6 5 .

BAHLO, E.: Cerviden-(Mammalia) Reste aus den Oberen Mosbacher Sanden (Mittelpleistozän) bei Wiesbaden (Hessen). — Abh. hess. L.-Amt Bodenforsch., 60 (Heinz-Tobien-Festschrift), 1 7 — 24, Wiesbaden 1 9 7 1 .

BAHLO, E . & MALEC, F.: Insectivoren (Mammalia) aus den oberen Mosbacher Sanden (Mittelplei­ stozän) bei Wiesbaden-Biebrich/Hessen. —• Mainzer naturw. Arch., 8, 5 6 — 7 6 , Mainz 1969.

BOEKER, M., v. LEHMANN, E. & REMY, H . : Uber eine Wirbeltierfauna aus den jüngsten würmzeit­ lichen Ablagerungen am Michelberg bei Ochtendung/Neuwieder Becken. — Decheniana, 124, 1 1 9 — 1 3 4 , Bonn 1 9 7 2 .

GUENTHER, E . W.: Pleistozäne Säugetiere in Schleswig-Holstein. — Z. f. Tierzüchtung u. Züch­ tungsbiologie, 77, 2 3 8 — 2 4 1 , 1 9 6 2 .

— : Säugetierreste aus eiszeitlichen Ablagerungen von Schleswig-Holstein. — Lauenburgische Hei­ mat, N . F. 45, 4 8 — 5 2 , 1 9 6 4 .

— : Elefantenbackenzähne aus den Mosbacher Sanden. — Mainzer naturw. Arch., 7, 5 5 — 7 3 , Mainz 1 9 6 8 .

— : Elefantenbackenzähne aus den Mosbacher Sanden II. Die Funde des Naturhistorischen Mu­ seums der Stadt Mainz. — Mainzer Naturw. Arch., 8, 7 7 — 8 9 , Mainz 1 9 6 9 .

HELLER, Fl.: Das Diluvialprofil der Jungfernhöhle bei Tiefenellern, Landkreis Bamberg. — Er­ langer geol. Abh., 34, 3 — 1 7 , Erlangen 1 9 6 0 .

— : Ein bedeutsames Quartärprofil in einer Höhlenruine bei Hunas/Hartmannshof (Nördliche Frankenalb). — 2 . Vorbericht — Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, 14, 1 1 — 1 1 6 , Öhringen/Württ.

1963.

D. Palaeozoological Research

339

— : Eine fossilführende Karstschlotte mit Jung-Mammut-Resten bei Langenaltheim/Mfr. — Geol.

Bavarica, 53, 1 0 2 — 1 2 8 , München 1 9 6 4 .

— : Die Fauna von Hunas (nördliche Frankenalb) im Rahmen der deutschen Quartärfaunen. — Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, 17, 1 1 3 — 1 1 7 , Öhringen 1966.

— : Eine Kleinsäugerfauna aus den mittleren Mosbacher Sanden bei Wiesbaden-Biebrich/Hessen.

— Mainzer Naturw. Arch., 8, 2 5 — 5 5 , Mainz 1969.

HELLER, Fl. & BRUNNACKER, K.: Halsbandlemming-Reste aus einer Oberen Mittelterrasse des Rheines bei Niederaußem. — Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, 17, 9 7 — 1 1 2 , Öhringen/Württ. 1966.

HEMMER, H. & SCHUTT, G . : Ein Unterkiefer von Panthera gombaszoegensis (KRETZOI, 1 9 3 8 ) aus

den Mosbacher Sanden. — Mainzer Naturw. Arch., 8, 9 0 — 1 0 1 , Mainz 1 9 6 9 .

JACOBSHAGEN, E., HUCKRIEDE, R. & JACOBSHAGEN, V.: Eine Faunenfolge aus dem jungpleistozänen

Löß bei Bad Wildungen. — Abh. hess. L.-Amt Bodenforsch., 44, 5 — 1 0 5 , Wiesbaden 1963.

JÄNOSSY, D.: Die Entwicklung der Kleinsäugerfauna Europas im Pleistozän (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha). — Z. Säugetierkde., 26, 1 — 1 1 , Berlin 1 9 6 1 .

— : Stratigraphische Auswertung der europäischen mittelpleistozänen Wirbeltierfauna. Teil 1. — Ber. deutsch. Ges. geol. Wiss., A, Geol. Paläont., 14, 3 6 7 — 4 3 8 , Berlin 1 9 6 9 .

KAHLKE, H. D.: Die Cervidenreste aus den altpleistozänen Sanden von Mosbach (Bieberich-Wies­ baden). Teil 1. Die Geweihe, Gehörne und Gebisse. — Abh. deutsch. Akad. Wiss., Kl. Che­ mie, Geol., Biol. 1 9 5 9 , 7, 7 5 S., Berlin 1 9 6 0 .

— : Revision der Säugetierfaunen der klassischen deutschen Pleistozän-Fundstellen von Süßen­ born, Mosbach und Taubach. — Geologie, 10, 4 9 3 — 5 3 2 , Berlin 1 9 6 1 .

— : Rangifer aus den Sanden von Mosbach. — Paläont. Z., 37, 2 7 7 — 2 8 2 , Stuttgart 1 9 6 3 .

KAHLKE, H. D. & WEISMANTEL, J . : Rentierfund im Rhein-Main-Gebiet. — Das neue Mainz, Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Kultur, 5, 1 9 6 1 .

Kuss, S.: Ein Beitrag zur Pleistozän-Fauna von Herxheim/Pfalz. — Ber. Naturf. Ges. Freiburg i. Br., 51, 1 4 5 — 1 4 8 , Freiburg 1 9 6 1 .

Kuss, S. & RAHM, G : Eine jungpleistozäne Fauna aus dem West-Eifeler Vulkan Hasenberg bei Trittscheid. — Trierer Zeitschr. f. Geschichte u. Kunst d. Trierer Landes u. seiner Nachbar­ gebiete, 30. Jg., Trier 1 9 6 7 .

NOBIS, G.: Equiden aus dem Löß von Kärlich (Neuwieder Becken). — Mainzer Naturw. Arch., 9, 2 9 7 — 3 0 2 , Mainz 1 9 7 0 .

ROTHAUSEN, K.: Praemegaceros portis, 1 9 2 0 (Cervidae, Mamm.) als wichtiger stratigraphischer Beleg im Quartär von Kärlich/Neuwieder Becken (Mittelrhein). — Mainzer Naturw. Ärch., 9, 3 0 3 — 3 1 7 , Mainz 1 9 7 0 .

RÜTTE, E . : Die Cromer-Wirbeltierfundstelle Würzburg-Schalksberg. — Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Würzburg, 8, ( 1 9 6 7 ) , 1 — 2 6 , Würzburg 1 9 7 0 .

SCHUTT, G.: Ein jungpleistozäner Leopardenfund aus der Baumannshöhle bei Rübeland im Harz.

— Mitt. Geol. Inst. T U Hannover, 8, 1 0 2 — 1 1 5 , Hannover 1 9 6 8 .

— : Panthera pardus sickenbergi n. subsp. aus den Maurer Sanden. — N . Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh., J g . 1 9 6 9 , 2 9 9 — 3 1 0 , Stuttgart 1 9 6 9 ( 1 9 6 9 a).

— : Die jungpleistozäne Fauna der Höhlen bei Rübeland im Harz. — Quartär, 20, 7 9 — 1 2 5 , 1969 ( 1 9 6 9 b).

— : Ein Gepardenfund aus den Mosbacher Sanden (Altpleistozän, Wiesbaden). — Mainzer N a ­ turw. Arch., 9, 1 1 8 — 1 3 1 , Mainz 1970.

— : Die Hyaenen der Mosbacher Sande (Altpleistozän, Wiesbaden/Hessen). — Mit einem Beitrag zur Stammesgeschichte der Gattung Crocuta. — Mainzer Naturw. Arch., 10, 2 9 — 7 6 , Mainz 1971.

TOBIEN, H . : Cuon HODG. und Gulo FRISCH (Carniv.) aus den altpleistozänen Sanden von Mos­ bach bei Wiesbaden. — Acta Zool. cracoviensia, 2, 4 3 3 — 4 5 0 , Krakau 1957.

3. O s t r a c o d s KEMPF, E. K.: Das Holstein-Interglazial von Tönisberg im Rahmen des niederrheinischen Pleisto­ zäns. — Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, 17, 5 — 6 0 , Öhringen 1 9 6 6 .

— : Ostrakoden aus dem Holstein-Interglazial von Tönisberg (Niederrheingebiet). — Monatsber.

Dtsch. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 9, 1 1 9 — 1 3 9 , Berlin 1967 ( 1 9 6 7 a).

— : Ilyocypris schwarzbachi n. sp. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) und ein vorläufiges Ostrakoden-Diagramm aus dem pleistozänen Löß von Kärlich (Neuwieder Becken). — Sonderveröff. Geol.

Inst. Univ. Köln, 13 (Schwarzbach-Heft) 6 5 — 7 9 , Köln 1 9 6 7 ( 1 9 6 7 b).

Manuscript received October 5, 1972.

Address of the author: Dr. H . Remy, Institut für Paläontologie, 5 3 Bonn, Nussallee 8.

22