Eiszeitalter
u.
Gegenwart
Band 23/24
Seite
306-320
Öhringen/Württ.,
15. Oktober
1973
2. The Holocene of the Former Periglacial Areas :;
by W O L F G A N G S C H I R M E R , Düsseldorf ') translated by K L A U S D I E T Z and C H A R L E S T U R N E R , F r a n k f u r t / M .
1. R i v e r D e p o s i t s Until now there have been no descriptive reviews of the Holocene development of river valleys in the Federal Republic of G e r m a n y . This is mainly due to the fact that the H o l o c e n e development of complete river systems has not yet been investigated. R e m a r k a b l y thorough and diverse studies, however, have been carried out recently on the H o l o cene development of shorter valley sections of several rivers in the area concerned, which lies between the greatest extend of the Alpine and N o r t h e r n glaciations: on the middle course of the River Lech between Schongau and L a n d s b e r g ( B R U N N A C K E R 1 9 5 9 *, D I E Z 1 9 6 8 * ) , on the R i v e r Isar in the a r e a of Freising-Landshut ( B R U N N A C K E R 1 9 5 9 , V I D A L et al. 1 9 6 6 , H O F M A N N 1 9 7 3 ) , on the D a n u b e in the region of U l m , on the L o w e r Hier and o n the Blau ( G R O S C H O P F 1 9 6 1 B . B E C K E R 1 9 7 1 ) , on the U p p e r Austrian D a n u b e in the basins of Eferding and L i n z ( K O H L 1 9 6 8 * ) ) , on the upper Main between B a m b e r g and K u l m b a c h ( S C H I R M E R 1 9 7 3 ) , on the R i v e r L a h n at Gießen ( M Ä C K E L 1 9 6 9 ) , on the R u r between Düren a n d Jülich ( S C H A L I C H 1 9 6 8 ) , and on the U p p e r Leine in the area of G ö t 2
tingen ( S C H E F F E R & M E Y E R 1 9 6 5 , R O H D E N B U R G 1 9 6 5 * , W I L L E R D I N G 1 9 6 0 ) .
Additionally, there exist a great number of detailed studies from m a n y rivers, mainly concerned with the uppermost parts of H o l o c e n e valley aggradations a b o v e the ground w a t e r table. Lack of space makes it impossible to report the present state of research by describing individual studies or river sections. So in order to provide a survey, an attempt has been made to sketch coherently the historical evolution of river valleys, according t o the present state of research, and by quoting significant evidence. 1.1
General
Distribution
and
Characterization
T h e former periglacial area between the Alpine and Northern glaciations roughly coincides with the distribution of the G e r m a n Mittelgebirge (uplands). It contains the greater part of the Rhine river basin, the upper drainage area of the Weser, and both the northern drainage area of the U p p e r D a n u b e , and that extending into the northern Alpine Foreland. T h e r i v e r d e p o s i t s o f t h e v a l l e y f l o o r , containing the present floodp l a i n , are mainly called "Niederterrassen"-Sedimente ( L o w Terrace sediments). The term "Niederterrasse" is applied by some authors merely in a morphologic-descriptive sense, t h a t is, for terraces of the valley floor. Others attach to this term a morphologic-stratig r a p h i c meaning, that is, terraces as surfaces on sediments of the last glaciation (Würm). Sometimes "Untere Niederterrassen" (Lower Stages of the L o w Terrace), "Vorterrassen" *) Major studies, containing older literature. — The topographical situation see fig. 1 p. 294. t) Lecture given on the Symposium on "Palaeogeographical changes of valley floors in the Holocene" of the I N Q U A "Commission for the Study on the Holocene" in Poland, at Zegrzynek near Warsaw, on the 2 0 of September 1972. 2 ) We would like to include the impressive results from the Upper Austrian Danube, as there exists no comparable research on the adjacent Lower Bavarian Danube. t n