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F. Scott Fitzgerald
Apresentação de RU Y C A S T R O
TRADUÇÃO DE
Humberto Guedes
Copyright © 2013 by Geração Editorial Copyright da apresentação © 2013 by Ruy Castro 1ª edição — Maio de 2013 Grafia atualizada segundo o Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990, que entrou em vigor no Brasil em 2009 Editor e Publisher Luiz Fernando Emediato Diretora Editorial Fernanda Emediato Editor Paulo Schmidt Produtora Editorial e Gráfica Erika Neves Capa e Projeto Gráfico Alan Maia Diagramação Kauê Sales Revisão Josias A. Andrade
DADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (CIP) (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil) Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 1896-1940. O grande Gatsby / F. Scott Fitzgerald ; tradução de Luis Humberto Guedes. -- 1. ed. -- São Paulo : Geração Editorial, 2013. Título original: The great Gatsby. ISBN 978-85-8130-172-3 1. Romance norte-americano I. Título. 13-04200
CDD: 813 Índices para catálogo sistemático 1. Romances : Literatura norte-americana
813
GERAÇÃO EDITORIAL Rua Gomes Freire, 225 – Lapa CEP: 05075-010 – São Paulo – SP Telefax.: (+ 55 11) 3256-4444 Email: geracaoeditorial@geracaoeditorial.com.br www.geracaoeditorial.com.br twitter: @geracao Impresso no Brasil Printed in Brazil
O Duplo Fitzgerald Um escreveu “Gatsby”. O outro era Gatsby
2 RUY C A S T RO
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Para Zelda, mais uma vez
1
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
LW[ ZIXIbM[ W] IW UMVW[ W[ \MZUW[ KWU Y]M I[ M`XZM[[IU [rW MU OMZIT XTIOQILI[ W] LM\]ZXILI[ XWZ ~J^QI[ []XZM[[ M[ -^Q\IZ R]TOI UMV\W[ u ]UI Y]M[\rW LM M[XMZIVtI QVÅVQ\I )QVLI \MVPW KMZ\W UMLW LM KWUM\MZ ITO]U MY]y^WKW [M M[Y]MKMZ ¸ KWUW UM] XIQ []OMZQ] LM UWLW M[VWJM M M] LW UM[UW UWLW ZMXQ\W ¸ Y]M LQO VQLILM u ITOW LQ[\ZQJ]yLW LM[QO]ITUMV\M VW VI[KQUMV\W )X~[ UM OIJIZ LI UQVPI \WTMZpVKQI LM^W ILUQ\QZ Y]M MTI \MU TQUQ\M[ ) KWVL]\I XWLM ITQKMZtIZ [M MU ZWKPI ÅZUM W] MU \MZZMVW XIV\IVW[W UI[ LMXWQ[ LM KMZ\W XWV\W XW]KW UM QUXWZ\I MU Y]M [M JI[MQI 9]IVLW ^WT\MQ LW 4M[\M VW W]\WVW XI[[ILW Y]MZQI Y]M W U]VLW M[\Q^M[[M LM ]VQNWZUM M MU ]UI XZWV\QLrW UWZIT XMZUI VMV\M# VILI LM XI[[MQW[ \]U]T\]ILW[ KWU ^Q[T]UJZM[ XZQ^QTMOQILW[ IW QV\MZQWZ LW KWZItrW P]UIVW ;WUMV\M /I\[Ja W PWUMU Y]M Ln VWUM I M[\M TQ^ZW M[\I^I M`KT]yLW LI UQVPI ZMItrW ¸ /I\[Ja Y]M ZMXZM[MV\I^I \]LW IY]QTW Y]M UIQ[ LM[XZMbW ;M XMZ[WVITQLILM NWZ ]UI [uZQM QVQV\MZZ]X\I LM OM[\W[ JMU []KMLQLW[ MV\rW PI^QI VMTM ITOW LM UIOVyÅKW ]UI [MV[QJQTQLILM IO]tILI XIZI I[ XZWUM[[I[ LI ^QLI KWUW [M MTM M[\Q^M[[M IKWXTILW I ]UI LM[[I[ UnY]QVI[ KWUXTM`I[ Y]M ZMOQ[\ZIU \MZZMUW\W[ I UQT Y]QT UM\ZW[ LM LQ[ \pVKQI -[[I KIXIKQLILM VILI \QVPI I ^MZ KWU I [][KM\QJQTQLILM QVLWTMV\M LQOVQÅKILI XMTW VWUM LM ¹\MUXMZIUMV\W KZQI\Q^Wº# MZI ]U LWU M`\ZIWZLQVnZQW XIZI I M[XMZIVtI ]UI LQ[XWVQJQTQLILM ZW UpV\QKI Y]M V]VKI MVKWV\ZMQ MU VQVO]uU M XZW^I^MTUMV\M V]VKI ^n MVKWV\ZIZ 6rW /I\[Ja [IQ] [M U]Q\W JMU VW ÅVIT 5I[ NWQ W Y]M W KWZZWyI I XWMQZI QU]VLI Y]M Æ]\]I^I VI M[\MQZI LM [M][ [W VPW[ Y]M UM NMb XMZLMZ \MUXWZIZQIUMV\M W QV\MZM[[M XMTI[ LWZM[ NZ][\ZILI[ M M]NWZQI[ XI[[IOMQZI[ LW[ PWUMV[
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]UI M[XuKQM LM KTr M ZMbI I \ZILQtrW LM[KMVLMUW[ LW[ L]Y]M[ LM *]KKTM]KP UI[ W ^MZLILMQZW N]VLILWZ LM UQVPI TQVPIOMU NWQ W QZUrW LW UM] I^ Y]M ^MQW XIZI Kn MU UIVLW] ]U []J[\Q\]\W XIZI I /]MZZI +Q^QT M N]VLW] I I\IKILQ[\I LM NMZZI OMV[ Y]M UM] XIQ ILUQVQ[\ZI PWRM 6]VKI ^Q M[[M \QW I^ UI[ []XWVPW Y]M UM XIZMtW KWU MTM [WJZM\]LW XWZ ]U ZM\ZI\W LM NMQt M[ ZyOQLI[ XMVL]ZILW VW M[KZQ\~ ZQW LM UM] XIQ .WZUMQ UM VI =VQ^MZ[QLILM LM 6M_ 0I^MV MU ! M`I\IUMV\M ]U Y]IZ\W LM [uK]TW LMXWQ[ LM UM] XIQ M ]U XW]KW UIQ[ \IZLM XIZ\QKQXMQ LIY]MTI T\QUI UQOZItrW LM JnZJIZW[ \M]\ VQKW[ KWVPMKQLI KWUW I /ZIVLM /]MZZI /W[\MQ \IV\W LW[ KWV\ZI I\IY]M[ XZWUW^QLW[ XMTW[ -[\ILW[ =VQLW[ Y]M ZM\WZVMQ JI[\IV\M QVY]QM\W -U ^Mb LM [MZ W KnTQLW KMV\ZW LW U]VLW W +MV\ZW 7M[\M IOWZI UM XIZMKQI I JMQZI M[NIZZIXILI LW ]VQ^MZ[W -V\rW LMKQLQ QZ XIZI W 4M[\M M IXZMVLMZ W WNyKQW LM KWZZM\WZ LM It M[ <WLI[ I[ XM[[WI[ Y]M M] KWVPMKQI M[\I^IU \ZIJITPIVLW KWU It M[ LM \IT UWLW Y]M R]TO]MQ Y]M W UMZKILW MZI KIXIb LM [][\MV\IZ UIQ[ ]U RW^MU [WT\MQZW <WLI[ I[ UQVPI[ \QI[ M \QW[ KWV ^MZ[IZIU L]ZIV\M LQI[ [WJZM UQVPI[ QV\MVt M[ KWUW [M M[\Q^M[ [MU M[KWTPMVLW ]UI M[KWTI XZMXIZI\~ZQI XIZI UQU M ÅVITUMV\M LQ[[MZIU ¹*MU M[\n KMZ\W º [uZQW[ M PM[Q\IV\M[ 5M] XIQ KWVKWZ LW] MU UM [][\MV\IZ L]ZIV\M ]U IVW M LMXWQ[ LM ILQIZ I ^QIOMU XWZ LQ^MZ[I[ ^MbM[ ^QU XIZI I +W[\I 4M[\M VI XZQUI^MZI LM ! IKZMLQ\IVLW Y]M I U]LIVtI NW[[M MU KIZn\MZ LMÅVQ\Q^W ) KWQ[I UIQ[ XZn\QKI I NIbMZ MZI MVKWV\ZIZ ]U T]OIZ VI KQLILM UI[ VI uXWKI NIbQI U]Q\W KITWZ M M] IKIJIZI LM LMQ`IZ ]UI ZMOQrW LM M`\MV[W[ OZIUILW[ M nZ^WZM[ IUQOn^MQ[ XWZ\IV\W Y]IVLW ]U ZIXIb LW M[KZQ\~ZQW []OMZQ] Y]M IT]On[[MUW[ ]UI KI[I R]V\W[ VW[ IZZMLWZM[ IKPMQ ]UI ~\QUI QLMQI -TM MVKWV\ZW] I KI[I ]U JIV OIT R]LQILW XMTW \MUXW XWZ WQ\MV\I L~TIZM[ UMV[IQ[ UI[ VI T\Q UI PWZI I MUXZM[I W MV^QW] XIZI I ÅTQIT LM ?I[PQVO\WV M M] N]Q [WbQVPW XIZI W KIUXW -] \QVPI ]U KIKPWZZW XMTW UMVW[ I\u MTM 15
F. Scott Fitzgerald
N]OQZ ]U ^MTPW ,WLOM M ]UI NI`QVMQZI ÅVTIVLM[I Y]M IZZ]UI^I UQVPI KIUI M XZMXIZI^I W KINu LI UIVPr MVY]IV\W ZM[U]VOI^I XZW^uZJQW[ ÅVTIVLM[M[ [WJZM W NWOrW MTu\ZQKW .QY]MQ [WbQVPW XWZ ]U LQI W] LWQ[ I\u Y]M KMZ\I UIVPr ]U PWUMU Y]M [M U]LIZI XW]KW LMXWQ[ LM UQU UM XIZW] VI Z]I ¸ +WUW M] KPMOW IW ^QTIZMRW LM ?M[\ -OO' ¸ XMZO]V\W] LM[IUXIZILW -] M`XTQY]MQ - Y]IVLW [MO]Q UM] KIUQVPW VrW M[\I^I UIQ[ [WbQVPW )OWZI M] MZI ]U O]QI ]U XQWVMQZW ]U KWTWVW ;MU Y]MZMZ MTM UM W]\WZOIZI I TQJMZLILM LW JIQZZW )[[QU KWU W [WT JZQTPIVLW M ]UI Y]IV\QLILM QUMV[I LM NWTPI[ KZM[KMVLW VI[ nZ^WZM[ ¸ M`I\IUMV\M KWUW I[ KWQ[I[ LM[IJZW KPIU VW[ ÅTUM[ MU KpUMZI ZnXQLI \Q^M IY]MTI KWV^QKtrW NIUQTQIZ LM Y]M I ^QLI ZMQVQKQI^I KWU W ^MZrW 8IZI KWUMtIZ PI^QI U]Q\W Y]M TMZ M U]Q\W I M`\ZIQZ LIY]MTM IZ X]ZW M`\ZMUIUMV\M [I]Ln^MT +WUXZMQ ]UI L bQI LM TQ^ZW[ [WJZM WXMZIt M[ JIVKnZQI[ ILUQVQ[\ZItrW LM KZuLQ\W M UMZKILW LM It M[ M W[ ^WT]UM[ [M MZO]QIU VI UQVPI M[\IV\M MU ^MZUMTPW M W]ZW KWUW [M NW[[MU VW\I[ ZMKuU [IyLI[ LI +I[I LI 5WMLI XZW UM\MVLW ZM^MTIZ UM W[ JZQTPIV\M[ [MOZMLW[ Y]M [WUMV\M 5QLI[ 5WZOIV M 5MKMVI[ KWVPMKQIU - M] \QVPI W ÅZUM XZWX~[Q\W LM TMZ U]Q\W[ W]\ZW[ [WJZM M[[M[ I[[]V\W[ 6I ]VQ^MZ[QLILM M] MZI JMU TQOILW o[ TM\ZI[ 0W]^M I\u ]U IVW MU Y]M M[KZM^Q ]UI [u ZQM LM IZ\QOW[ [WTMVM[ M JI[\IV\M ~J^QW[ XIZI W AITM 6M_[ )OWZI XZM\MVLQI \ZIbMZ M[[I[ KWQ[I[ LM ^WT\I o UQVPI ^QLI M \WZVIZ UM VW^IUMV\M W UIQ[ TQUQ\ILW LW[ M[XMKQITQ[\I[ W ¹PWUMU QT][\ZI LWº - Q[[W VrW u IXMVI[ ]U MXQOZIUI" IÅVIT I ^QLI u UIQ[ JMU []KMLQLI Y]IVLW ^Q[\I LM ]UI VQKI RIVMTI .WQ [QUXTM[UMV\M WJZI LW IKI[W M] \MZ IT]OILW ]UI KI[I MU ]UI LI[ KWU]VQLILM[ UIQ[ M[\ZIVPI[ LI )UuZQKI LW 6WZ\M .QKI ^I VIY]MTI QTPI M[\ZMQ\I M JIZ]TPMV\I Y]M [M M[\MVLM M`I\IUMV\M I TM[\M LM 6W^I 1WZY]M M VI Y]IT M`Q[\MU MV\ZM W]\ZI[ K]ZQW[QLILM[ 16
LI VI\]ZMbI L]I[ NWZUIt M[ OMWT~OQKI[ JI[\IV\M QVKWU]V[ ) ]V[ \ZQV\I Y]QT UM\ZW[ LI KQLILM MZO]M [M ]U XIZ LM MVWZUM[ W^W[ QLwV\QKW[ VW KWV\WZVW M [MXIZILW[ [WUMV\M XWZ ]UI JIyI M[\ZMQ\I Y]M [M XZWRM\IU XIZI W IT\W R]V\W o M`\MV[rW LM nO]I [ITOILI UIQ[ UIV[I M \ZIVY]QTI LW PMUQ[NuZQW WKQLMV\IT W OZIVLM Y]QV\IT UQ LW KWVPMKQLW KWUW -[\]nZQW LM 4WVO 1[TIVL 6rW [rW XMZNMQ\I UMV\M W^IQ[" LW UM[UW UWLW Y]M W W^W LI PQ[\~ZQI LM +WTWUJW W[ LWQ[ [rW IKPI\ILW[ VI JI[M UI[ I [MUMTPIVtI KWU W^W[ LM ^MZLILM LM^M [MZ UW\Q^W LM XMZXu\]I KWVN][rW XIZI I[ OIQ^W\I[ Y]M W[ [WJZM^WIU 8IZI V~[ W[ LM[XZW^QLW[ LM I[I[ ]U NMV UM VW UIQ[ []ZXZMMVLMV\M u I NIT\I LM [MUMTPIVtI MU \WLW[ W[ I[XMK \W[ [IT^W VW NWZUI\W M VW \IUIVPW -] UWZI^I MU ?M[\ -OO W W^W WKQLMV\IT Y]M MZI JMU W UMVW[ OTIUW]ZW[W MUJWZI M[[M [MRI ]U Z~\]TW U]Q\W []XMZÅKQIT XIZI M`XZM[[IZ W KWV\ZI[\M JQbIZZW M VrW XW]KW [QVQ[\ZW MV\ZM W[ LWQ[ 5QVPI KI[I ÅKI^I JMU VI XWV\I LW W^W I UMVW[ LM KQV Y]MV\I UM\ZW[ LW M[\]nZQW IXMZ\ILI MV\ZM LWQ[ XITIKM\M[ Y]M MZIU IT]OILW[ XWZ UQT W] UQT L~TIZM[ XWZ \MUXWZILI 7 Y]M ÅKI^I o UQVPI LQZMQ\I MZI KWTW[[IT XIZI Y]ITY]MZ XILZrW LM ZMNMZwVKQI" ]UI QUQ\ItrW JI[\IV\M IXZW`QUILI LM ]U 0 \MT LM >QTTM LI 6WZUIVLQI KWU ]UI \WZZM MU ]U LW[ TILW[ VW^y[[QUI [WJ I JIZJI ÅVI LM ]UI PMZI QVKQXQMV\M ]UI XQ[KQVI LM UnZUWZM M UIQ[ LM ^QV\M PMK\IZM[ LM OZIUILW M RIZLQV[ -ZI I UIV[rW LM /I\[Ja 9]MZ LQbMZ KWUW M] IQVLI VrW KWVPMKQI W [Z /I\[Ja MZI ]UI UIV[rW PIJQ\ILI XWZ ]U KI^ITPMQZW Y]M \QVPI M[[M VWUM ) UQVPI KI[I MZI ]UI WNMV[I IW[ WTPW[ UI[ KWUW MZI XMY]MVI XI[ [I^I LM[XMZKMJQLI M \QVPI I[ ^IV\IOMV[ LM ]UI ^Q[\I XIZI W UIZ ]U XIVWZIUI XIZKQIT LW OZIUILW LM UM] ^QbQVPW M I XZW`QUQLILM KWV[WTILWZI LM UQTQWVnZQW[ \]LW XWZ WQ\MV\I L~TIZM[ IW Uw[ ,W W]\ZW TILW LI JIyI LM KWZ\M[QI W[ XITIKM\M[ JZIVKW[ LI MTM OIV\M -I[\ -OO W W^W WZQMV\IT ZMT]bQIU IW TWVOW LI nO]I ¸ M I PQ[\~ZQI LM[[M ^MZrW KWUMtW] ZMITUMV\M VW LQI MU Y]M M] LQZQOQ 17
F. Scott Fitzgerald
I\u Tn XIZI RIV\IZ KWU <WU *]KPIVIV M I M[XW[I ,IQ[a MZI UQVPI XZQUI MU [MO]VLW W] \MZKMQZW OZI] M M] KWVPMKQI <WU LI ]VQ^MZ[QLILM 4WOW LMXWQ[ LI O]MZZI M] \QVPI XI[[ILW LWQ[ LQI[ KWU MTM[ MU +PQKIOW 7 UIZQLW LM ,IQ[a MV\ZM ^nZQW[ W]\ZW[ \ITMV\W[ Ny[QKW[ \QVPI [QLW ]U LW[ UMTPWZM[ XWV\I[ LMNMV[Q^W[ LW N]\MJWT IUMZQKIVW LI 6M_ 0I^MV ¸ LM KMZ\W UWLW ]UI ÅO]ZI VIKQWVIT ]U LM[[M[ PWUMV[ Y]M IW[ ^QV\M M ]U IVW[ I\QVOMU ]U OZI] LM M`KMTwVKQI MU ]U KIUXW TQUQ\ILW M LMXWQ[ \]LW W Y]M ÅbMZMU LITQ XIZI I NZMV\M \MU ]U [IJWZ LM IV\QKTyUI` ;]I NIUyTQI MZI M`\ZMUIUMV\M ZQKI ,M NI\W VI ]VQ^MZ[QLILM []I TQJMZITQLILM KWU LQVPMQZW KPM OIZI I [MZ UW\Q^W XIZI ZMXZW^ItrW MV\ZM W[ KWTMOI[ 5I[ [IyZI LM +PQKIOW M \QVPI ^QVLW XIZI W 4M[\M MU ]U M[\QTW LM \QZIZ I N TMOW# XWZ M`MUXTW \ZW]`MZI KWU MTM ]UI \ZWXQTPI LM X VMQ[ XIZI RWOIZ XWTW Y]M PI^QIU [QLW KZQILW[ VW PIZI[ LI NIUyTQI MU 4ISM .WZM[\ -ZI LQNyKQT IKZMLQ\IZ Y]M ]U PWUMU LI UQVPI OMZItrW NW[[M ZQKW W JI[\IV\M XIZI LM[NZ]\IZ LM ]U XZQ^QTuOQW LM[[M[ 6rW [MQ XWZ Y]M MTM[ NWZIU XIZI I +W[\I 4M[\M 0I^QIU XI[[ILW ]U IVW VI .ZIVtI [MU VMVP]UI ZIbrW MU XIZ\QK]TIZ M MV\rW ÅKI ZIU XI[[MIVLW XWZ \]LW Y]IV\W MZI T]OIZ WVLM Y]MZ Y]M PW]^M[[M XM[[WI[ ZQKI[ KWUW MTM[ Y]M RWOI[[MU XWTW 5I[ IOWZI I U]LIVtI MZI LMÅVQ\Q^I LQ[[MZI ,IQ[a IW \MTMNWVM [~ Y]M M] VrW IKZMLQ\MQ 6rW XWLQI MV`MZOIZ W Y]M QI VW yV\QUW LM ,IQ[a UI[ [MV\QI Y]M <WU QZQI ^IO]MIZ XIZI [MUXZM XZWK]ZIVLW ]U XW]KW UMTIVK~TQKW XMTI \]Z J]TwVKQI LZIUn\QKI LM ITO]UI XIZ\QLI LM N]\MJWT QZZMK]XMZn^MT - NWQ I[[QU Y]M MU ]U MV\IZLMKMZ Y]MV\M M ^MV\W[W LQZQOQ I\u -I[\ -OO XIZI ^MZ LWQ[ ^MTPW[ IUQOW[ Y]M M] XZI\QKIUMV\M VrW KWVPMKQI ) KI[I LMTM[ MZI IQVLI UIQ[ [WÅ[\QKILI LW Y]M M] M[XM ZI^I ]UI UIV[rW KWTWVQIT IW M[\QTW OMWZOQIVW ^MZUMTPI M JZIV KI ^WT\ILI XIZI I JIyI 7 OZIUILW KWUMtI^I VI XZIQI M []JQI ]V[ UM\ZW[ I\u I XWZ\I LI NZMV\M QV\MZKITILW KWU ZMT~OQW[ LM [WT U]ZW[ JIQ`W[ M RIZLQV[ ÆWZQLW[ 9]IVLW ÅVITUMV\M KPMOI^I 18
o KI[I JQN]ZKI^I XIZI I[ TI\MZIQ[ MU ITMOZM[ ^QLMQZI[ KWUW [M VrW \Q^M[[M XMZLQLW W QUX]T[W LI KWZZQLI ) NIKPILI LI KI[I MZI Y]M JZILI XWZ ]UI TQVPI LM XWZ\I[ NZIVKM[I[ K]RW[ ^QLZW[ ZMÆM\QIU W LW]ZILW LW [WT \W\ITUMV\M IJMZ\I[ XIZI ZMKMJMZ I JZQ[I KnTQLI LI \IZLM <WU *]KPIVIV ][IVLW ]U \ZIRM LM UWV\IZQI M[\I^I LM Xu VW X~Z\QKW LM MV\ZILI I[ XMZVI[ INI[\ILI[ -TM U]LIZI LM[LM W[ IVW[ LI 6M_ 0I^MV )OWZI MZI ]U PW UMU ZWJ][\W LM \ZQV\I IVW[ KWU KIJMTW[ KWZ LM XITPI ]UI JWKI LM M`XZM[[rW L]ZI M ]U IZ LM []XMZQWZQLILM ,WQ[ WTPW[ T]UQVW[W[ M IZZWOIV\M[ LWUQVI^IU [M] ZW[\W M TPM MUXZM[\I^IU ]UI IXIZwVKQI IOZM[[Q^I KWUW [M [MUXZM [M QVKTQVI[[M XIZI I NZMV\M 6MU UM[UW W T]`W INMUQVILW LI ZW]XI LM UWV\IZQI WK]T\I^I I NWZtI M I MVMZOQI LIY]MTM KWZXW" MTM XIZMKQI MVKPMZ IY]MTI[ JW\I[ T][\ZW[I[ I\u NWZtIZ W TItW LW[ KILIZtW[ M XWZ JIQ `W LW ÅVW KI[IKW XWLQI [M ^MZ I OZIVLM UI[[I U][K]TIZ Y]IVLW W[ WUJZW[ [M UW^QIU -ZI ]U KWZXW KIXIb LM MVWZUM M[NWZtW Ny[QKW ¸ ]U KWZXW KZ]MT ) ^Wb IW NITIZ LM ]U \MVWZ ZW]KW M Z]LM I]UMV\I^I UIQ[ IQV LI I QUXZM[[rW LM QUXIKQwVKQI Y]M MTM \ZIV[UQ\QI 0I^QI ]U \W Y]M LM LM[LuU XI\MZVITy[\QKW LQZQOQLW I\u UM[UW o[ XM[[WI[ LM Y]MU MTM OW[\I^I -U 6M_ 0I^MV PI^QI PWUMV[ Y]M W WLQI^IU I\u I[ ^y[KMZI[ ¹7ZI VrW ÅY]M XMV[IVLW Y]M UQVPI WXQVQrW [W JZM Q[[W u LMÅVQ\Q^Iº MTM XIZMKQI LQbMZ ¹[~ XWZY]M [W] UIQ[ NWZ\M M UIQ[ UIKPW LW Y]M ^WKw º 6I ]VQ^MZ[QLILM XMZ\MVKyIUW[ o UM[UI NZI\MZVQLILM LM ^M\M ZIVW[ 6]VKI NWUW[ yV\QUW[ UI[ [MUXZM \Q^M I QUXZM[[rW LM Y]M KWU IY]MTM RMQ\W n^QLW M XZW^WKILWZ Y]MZQI Y]M M] OW[\I[[M LMTM .QKIUW[ KWV^MZ[IVLW XWZ ITO]V[ UQV]\W[ VW XWZ\IT MV[WTIZILW ¸ )ZZIVRMQ ]U JMTW T]OIZ IY]Q ¸ MTM LQ[[M MVY]IV\W [M][ WTPW[ KQV\QTI^IU QVY]QM\W[ IW ZMLWZ ;MO]ZW] UM XWZ ]U JZItW M NMb Y]M M] UM ^QZI[[M MVY]IV\W UW^QI I W]\ZI UrW TIZOI M XTIVI MU ]U OM[\W IUXTW Y]M UM 19
F. Scott Fitzgerald
UW[\ZI^I W XIVWZIUI QVKT]QVLW ]U RIZLQU Q\ITQIVW V]UI XIZ\M ZMJIQ`ILI LW \MZZMVW ]V[ UQT UM\ZW[ Y]ILZILW[ LM ZW[MQZI[ XMZ N]UILI[ M ]U JIZKW I UW\WZ Y]M MVNZMV\I^I I UIZu VI XZIQI ¸ 8MZ\MVKQI I ,MUIQVM W PWUMU LW XM\Z~TMW ¸ QVNWZUW] NIbMVLW UM OQZIZ LM VW^W KWU ML]KItrW UI[ IJZ]X\IUMV\M ¸ >IUW[ MV\ZIZ )\ZI^M[[IUW[ ]U KWZZMLWZ LM Xu LQZMQ\W IT\W M MV\ZIUW[ MU ]U M[XItW XQV\ILW LM ]U ZW[I NWZ\M TQOILW IW ZM[\IV\M LI KI[I XWZ L]I[ XWZ\I[ JITKrW ]UI LM KILI TILW )[ RIVMTI[ M[\I^IU M[ KIVKIZILI[ M []I XQV\]ZI JZIVKI [M QT]UQVI^I KWV\ZI I OZIUI NZM[KI Y]M XIZMKQI KZM[KMZ XIZI LMV\ZW LI KI[I ) JZQ[I [WXZI^I NIbMVLW I[ KWZ\QVI[ Æ]\]IZMU XIZI LMV\ZW MVY]IV\W VW TILW WXW[\W MUX]ZZI^I I[ W]\ZI[ XIZI NWZI KWUW JIVLMQZI[ XnTQLI[ ZM\WZKMVLW I[ M []JQVLW I[ MU LQZMtrW IW \M\W Y]M TMUJZI^I W OTI Kw LM ]U JWTW LM KI[IUMV\W M LMXWQ[ MZO]QI I JMQZILI LW \IXM\M KWZ LM ^QVPW WVL]TIVLW W KWUW W ^MV\W NIb KWU W UIZ 7 VQKW WJRM\W VI [ITI KWUXTM\IUMV\M QU~^MT MZI ]U MVWZUM [WNn VW Y]IT L]I[ U]TPMZM[ RW^MV[ Æ]\]I^IU NMQ\W XI[[IOMQZI[ MU ]U JITrW IVKWZILW )[ L]I[ M[\I^IU LM JZIVKW M []I[ ZW]XI[ LZIXMRI^IU KWUW [M W ^MV\W \Q^M[[M IKIJILW LM \ZIbw TI[ LM ^WT\I LM ]U ^WW ZnXQLW IW ZMLWZ LI KI[I ,M^W \MZ ÅKILW XIZILW XWZ ITO]V[ UWUMV\W[ M[K]\IVLW W M[\ITIZ LI[ KWZ\QVI[ M W ZIVOMZ LM ]U Y]ILZW VI XIZMLM -V\rW PW]^M ]U M[\ZWVLW Y]IVLW <WU *]KPIVIV NMKPW] I[ RIVMTI[ LW N]VLW M W ^MV\W [M LQ[XMZ[W] XMTI XMtI M I[ KWZ\QVI[ W[ \IXM\M[ M I[ L]I[ RW^MV[ I\MZZQ[[IZIU TMV\I UMV\M LM ^WT\I IW KPrW ) U]TPMZ UIQ[ VW^I MZI M[\ZIVPI XIZI UQU -[\I^I M[\MVLQLI ZMKTQVILI MU []I XWV\I LW LQ^r QU~^MT M KWU W Y]MQ`W TM^MUMV\M MZO]QLW KWUW [M MY]QTQJZI[[M VMTM ITOW I XWV\W LM KIQZ ;M UM WJ [MZ^I^I XMTW KIV\W LW[ WTPW[ VrW LM] W UMVWZ [QVIT ,M NI\W Y]I[M UM []ZXZMMVLQ V]U U]ZU ZQW LM LM[K]TXI XWZ \w TI XMZ \]ZJILW KWU I UQVPI KPMOILI 20
) W]\ZI OIZW\I ,IQ[a NMb ]UI \MV\I\Q^I LM [M MZO]MZ 1VKTQVW] [M TM^MUMV\M XIZI I NZMV\M KWU ]UI M`XZM[[rW IKIVPILI M MV \rW ZQ] ]U XMY]MVW [WZZQ[W \WTW M MVKIV\ILWZ <IUJuU [WZZQ M I^IVKMQ XMTI [ITI ¸ -[\W] XI XIZITQ[ILI LM NMTQKQLILM -TI ZQ] LM VW^W KWUW [M \Q^M[[M LQ\W ITO]UI KWQ[I U]Q\W M[XQZQ \]W[I ;MO]ZW] I UQVPI UrW M Å\W] UM XWZ ]U UWUMV\W XIZMKMV LW LQbMZ Y]M VrW PI^QI W]\ZI XM[[WI VW U]VLW Y]M LM[MRI[[M \IV\W ^MZ -ZI W RMQ\W LMTI -TI UM QVNWZUW] MU ]U [][[]ZZW Y]M W [WJZM VWUM LI OIZW\I MY]QTQJZQ[\I MZI *ISMZ -] \QVPI W]^QLW Y]M W [][ []ZZW LM ,IQ[a MZI IXMVI[ XIZI NIbMZ I[ XM[[WI[ [M IXZW`QUIZMU LMTI# ]UI KZy\QKI QZZMTM^IV\M Y]M VrW W \WZVI^I UMVW[ MVKIV\ILWZ -U \WLW KI[W W[ TnJQW[ LI [Z\I *ISMZ \ZMU]TIZIU MTI NMb ]U UW^QUMV\W QUXMZKMX\y^MT LM KIJMtI VI UQVPI LQZMtrW M MV\rW ZIXQLIUMV\M ^WT\W] o XW[\]ZI IV\MZQWZ ¸ XZW^I^MTUMV\M W WJRM \W Y]M MTI MY]QTQJZI^I M[KWZZMOIZI ]U XW]KW XZW^WKIVLW TPM ]U XMY]MVW [][\W - LM VW^W ]UI M[XuKQM LM LM[K]TXI []JQ] I UM][ TnJQW[ 9]I[M Y]ITY]MZ LMUWV[\ZItrW LM I]\W[[]ÅKQwVKQI M[JWtI MU UQU ]U \ZQJ]\W I[[WUJZILW 7TPMQ LM ^WT\I XIZI UQVPI XZQUI Y]M KWUMtW] I UM NIbMZ XMZO]V\I[ MU []I ^Wb JIQ`I M M`KQ\IV\M <QVPI W \QXW LM ^Wb Y]M W W]^QLW IKWUXIVPI UQV]KQW[IUMV\M KWUW [M KILI XITI^ZI NW[ [M ]U IZZIVRW LM VW\I[ Y]M RIUIQ[ [MZQI ZMXM\QLW ;M] ZW[\W MZI \ZQ[\M M ILWZn^MT KPMQW LM LM\ITPM[ QV\MV[W[ KWUW WTPW[ ^Q^W[ M ]UI JWKI IXIQ`WVILI - PI^QI ]UI [MV[]ITQLILM MU []I ^Wb Y]M W[ PWUMV[ Y]M PI^QIU [M QV\MZM[[ILW XWZ MTI LQÅKQTUMV\M M[Y]M KQIU" ]UI KWUX]T[rW UMT~LQKI ]U ¹-[K]\Mº [][[]ZZILW M ]UI QV[QV]ItrW LM Y]M MTI \QVPI NMQ\W KWQ[I[ LQ^MZ\QLI[ M M`KQ\IV\M[ I\u UQV]\W[ IV\M[ M ]UI XZWUM[[I LM Y]M PI^MZQI KWQ[I[ IQVLI UIQ[ LQ^MZ\QLI[ M M`KQ\IV\M[ VI XZ~`QUI PWZI +WV\MQ Y]M PI^QI XI[[ILW ]U LQI MU +PQKIOW I KIUQVPW LI +W[ \I 4M[\M M Y]M ]UI XWZtrW LM OMV\M PI^QI TPM UIVLILW TMUJZIVtI[ 21
F. Scott Fitzgerald
¸ 9]MZ LQbMZ Y]M \wU [I]LILM LM UQU' ¸ MTI OZQ\W] MU w`\I[M ¸ ) KQLILM QV\MQZI M[\n LM[WTILI <WLW[ W[ I]\WU~^MQ[ M[ \rW KWU I ZWLI \ZI[MQZI M[Y]MZLI XQV\ILI LM XZM\W MU [QVIT LM T]\W M I VWQ\M QV\MQZI W]^M [M ]U OMUQLW KWV[\IV\M IW TWVOW LI UIZOMU M[Y]MZLI ¸ )Q Y]M TQVLW >IUW[ ^WT\IZ <WU )UIVPr UM[UW ¸ - MV\rW MTI IKZM[KMV\W] KWU LQ[XTQKwVKQI" ¸ >WKw \MU LM KWVPM KMZ W JMJw ¸ /W[\IZQI U]Q\W ¸ -TI M[\n LWZUQVLW <MU \Zw[ IVW[ >WKw Rn KPMOW] I ^w TI' ¸ 6]VKI ¸ *MU ^WKw \MU LM ^w TI -TI u <WU *]KPIVIV Y]M M[\I^I QVY]QM\W M KIUQVPI^I [MU XIZIZ XMTI [ITI XIZW] M X [ I UrW VW UM] WUJZW ¸ -U Y]M ^WKw \ZIJITPI 6QKS' ¸ ;W] KWZZM\WZ LM It M[ ¸ 8IZI Y]MU' -] TPM LQ[[M ¸ 6]VKI W]^Q NITIZ LMTM[ ¸ KWUMV\W] QVKQ[Q^W 1[[W UM IJWZZMKM] ¸ 5I[ ^IQ ¸ ZM[XWVLQ [MKW ¸ ;M ^WKw ÅKIZ IY]Q VI +W[\I 4M[\M ¸ )P ^W] ÅKIZ VW 4M[\M VMU [M IJITM ¸ MTM LQ[[M WTPIVLW ZIXQLIUMV\M XIZI ,IQ[a M MV\rW LM ^WT\I XIZI UQU KWUW [M o M[XMZI LM ITOW UIQ[ ¸ -] [MZQI ]U QUJMKQT [M NW[[M UWZIZ MU Y]ITY]MZ W]\ZI XIZ\M 6M[[M XWV\W I [Z\I *ISMZ XZWNMZQ]" ¹)J[WT]\IUMV\M KMZ\W º LM ]UI NWZUI \rW IJZ]X\I Y]M \Q^M ]U [WJZM[[IT\W -ZIU I[ XZQUMQ ZI[ XITI^ZI[ LMTI LM[LM I UQVPI KPMOILI )Y]QTW KWU KMZ\MbI \IUJuU I []ZXZMMVLM] XWZY]M JWKMRW] M MZO]M] [M LW [WNn KWU UW^QUMV\W[ ZnXQLW[ M ÅZUM[ ¸ -[\W] Y]MJZILI ¸ Y]MQ`W] [M ¸ -[\W] LMQ\ILI VM[\M [WNn LM[LM Y]M UM KWVPMtW XWZ OMV\M 22
¸ 6rW WTPM XIZI UQU ¸ ,IQ[a ZMXTQKW] ¸ 8I[[MQ I \IZLM \WLI \MV\IVLW KWV^MVKw TI I QZ I\u 6W^I 1WZY]M ¸ 6rW U]Q\W WJZQOILI ¸ LQ[[M I [Z\I *ISMZ VI LQZMtrW LW[ Y]I\ZW KWY]M\uQ[ Y]M IKIJI^IU LM KPMOIZ LI KWXI ¸ -[ \W] MU \ZMQVIUMV\W 7 IVÅ\ZQrW WTPW] I QVKZuL]TW ¸ >WKw M[\n' ¸ -VOWTQ] [M] LZQVY]M KWUW [M [WZ^M[[M ]UI OW\I VW N]VLW LW KWXW ¸ 6rW MV\MVLW KWUW ^WKw KWV[MO]M OI VPIZ ITO]UI KWQ[I 7TPMQ XIZI I [Z\I *ISMZ QUIOQVIVLW Y]M KWQ[I MZI M[[I Y]M ¹KWV[MO]QI OIVPIZº /W[\MQ LM WJ[MZ^n TI -ZI ]UI OIZW\I M[O]QI M LM [MQW[ XMY]MVW[ KWU ]U XWZ\M MZM\W Y]M IKMV\]I^I RWOIVLW W[ WUJZW[ XIZI \Zn[ KWUW ]U RW^MU KILM\M LW M`uZKQ\W 7[ WTPW[ KQV bMV\W[ IXMZ\ILW[ XWZ KI][I LI KTIZQLILM KWV\MUXTIZIU UM LM ^WT \I KWU ]UI K]ZQW[QLILM XWTQLI M ZMKyXZWKI I XIZ\QZ LM ]U MVKIV\ILWZ ZW[\W KIV[ILW M LM[KWV\MV\M 7KWZZM] UM MV\rW Y]M M] Rn I \QVPI ^Q[\W W] XMTW UMVW[ ^QZI ]UI NW\WOZIÅI LMTI MU ITO]U T]OIZ ¸ >WKw UWZI MU ?M[\ -OO ¸ MTI WJ[MZ^W] KWU LM[LuU ¸ +WVPMtW ITO]uU Y]M UWZI XWZ Tn ¸ 6rW KWVPMtW ]UI VQKI ¸ ,M^M KWVPMKMZ /I\[Ja ¸ /I\[Ja' ¸ ,IQ[a Y]Q[ [IJMZ ¸ 9]M /I\[Ja' )V\M[ Y]M M] ZM[XWVLM[[M Y]M MTM MZI UM] ^QbQVPW W RIV\IZ NWQ IV]VKQILW -VÅIVLW W JZItW ZyOQLW XWZ JIQ`W LW UM] QUXMZI\Q ^W <WU *]KPIVIV UM IZZI[\W] XIZI NWZI LI [ITI KWUW [M UW^M[ [M ]UI XMtI LM `ILZMb XIZI I KI[I [MO]QV\M -[JMT\I[ M TIVO]QLIUMV\M I[ UrW[ XW][ILI[ VW[ Y]ILZQ[ I[ L]I[ RW^MV[ VW[ XZMKMLMZIU I\u ]U ITXMVLZM \IUJuU XQV\ILW LM ZW[I Y]M [M IJZQI MU LQZMtrW IW X Z LW [WT WVLM Y]I\ZW ^MTI[ JZ]`]TMI^IU [WJZM I UM[I IW [WXZW LM ]U ^MV\W UIQ[ JZIVLW ¸ 8WZ Y]M ^MTI[' ¸ ,IQ[a WJRM\W] KWU I \M[\I NZIVbQLI )XIOW] I[ ]UI XWZ ]UI KWU I XWV\I LW[ LMLW[ ¸ ,MV\ZW LM 23
F. Scott Fitzgerald
L]I[ [MUIVI[ KPMOIZn W LQI UIQ[ TWVOW LW IVW ¸ LQ[[M WTPIVLW VW[ KWU ]UI M`XZM[[rW ZILQIV\M ¸ >WKw[ \IUJuU ÅKIU M[XMZIVLW W IVW \WLW XMTW LQI UIQ[ TWVOW M VrW XMZKM JMU Y]IVLW KPMOI' -] [MUXZM M[XMZW XWZ M[[M LQI M Y]IVLW XMZKMJW Rn XI[[W] ¸ <MUW[ LM XTIVMRIZ ITO]UI KWQ[I ¸ JWKMRW] I [Z\I *ISMZ [MV\IVLW [M o UM[I KWUW [M M[\Q^M[[M QVLW XIZI I KIUI ¸ <]LW JMU ¸ ,IQ[a NITW] ¸ 7 Y]M u Y]M ^IUW[ XTIVMRIZ' ¸ -TI ^WT\W] [M XIZI UQU LM[IUXIZILI ¸ 7 Y]M u Y]M I[ XM[ [WI[ KW[\]UIU XTIVMRIZ' )V\M[ Y]M M] \Q^M[[M I KPIVKM LM ZM[XWVLMZ MTI KZI^W] W[ WTPW[ I[[WUJZILW[ [WJZM [M] LMLW UyVQUW ¸ 7TPMU ¸ MTI [M Y]MQ`W] ¸ 5IKP]Y]MQ UM] LMLQVPW <WLW[ WTPIUW[" I IZ\QK]TItrW M[\I^I XZM\I M Ib]TILI ¸ .WQ ^WKw Y]M NMb Q[[W <WU ¸ MTI LQ[[M IK][ILWZI ¸ ;MQ Y]M VrW NWQ LM XZWX~[Q\W UI[ ^WKw NMb j Q[[W Y]M M] OIVPW XWZ KI[IZ KWU ]U OZW[[MQZrW ]U JMTW M MVWZUM M[XuKQUM LM JZ]\IUWV\M[ Y]M ¸ 7LMQW I XITI^ZI ¹JZ]\IUWV\M[º ¸ <WU WJRM\W] UIT P]UWZILW ¸ UM[UW [~ LM JZQVKILMQZI ¸ *Z]\IUWV\M[ ¸ ,IQ[a QV[Q[\Q] ²[ ^MbM[ MTI M I [Z\I *ISMZ NITI^IU IW UM[UW \MUXW [MU I\ZIXITPIZ ]UI o W]\ZI M KWU ]UI ^WT]JQTQLILM LQ^MZ\QLI Y]M V]VKI KPMOI^I I ]UI \IOIZMTQKM \rW JTI[uM[ KWUW [M][ ^M[\QLW[ JZIVKW[ M [M][ WTPW[ QUXM[[WIQ[ LM[XZW^QLW[ LM Y]ITY]MZ LM[M RW -[\I^IU I[ L]I[ ITQ M IKMQ\I^IU I <WU M I UQU NIbMVLW IXMVI[ W UIQ[ TM^M M[NWZtW ML]KILW XIZI MV\ZM\MZ W] [MZMU MV\ZM\QLI[ ;IJQIU Y]M TWOW W RIV\IZ IKIJIZQI M Y]M LMXWQ[ I VWQ\M \IUJuU \MZUQVIZQI M VI\]ZITUMV\M [MZQI LM[KIZ\ILI [MU UIQWZM[ XZMWK]XIt M[ -ZI M`I\IUMV\M W WXW[\W LW Y]M WKWZZQI VW 7M[\M MU Y]M I[ VWQ\M[ MZIU IKMTMZILI[ LM M\IXI I M\IXI VI LQZMtrW LM [M] NMKPW MU ]UI IV\MKQXItrW KWV\yV]I 24
M LM[IXWV\ILI W] Y]MU [IJM MU ]U XI^WZ VMZ^W[W XMTW UW UMV\W MU [Q ¸ >WKw NIb M] UM [MV\QZ ]U [MT^IOMU ,IQ[a ¸ KWVNM[[MQ VW UM] [MO]VLW KWXW LM KTIZM\M M`KMXKQWVIT MUJWZI KWU ]U KMZ\W OW[\W LM ZWTPI ¸ >WKw[ VrW XWLMU KWV^MZ[IZ [WJZM KWTPMQ\I W] ITOW LW \QXW' 6rW Y]Q[ LQbMZ VILI MU XIZ\QK]TIZ KWU M[[M KWUMV\nZQW VW MV\IV\W NWQ ZMKMJQLW LM UWLW QVM[XMZILW ¸ ) KQ^QTQbItrW M[\n LM[IJIVLW ¸ <WU QZZWUXM] ^QWTMV\W ¸ -] UM \ZIV[NWZUMQ MU ]U XM[[QUQ[\I I ZM[XMQ\W LM \]LW >WKw TM] ) I[KMV[rW LW[ QUXuZQW[ LM KWZ LM[[M []RMQ\W KPIUILW /WLLIZL' ¸ 6rW VrW TQ ¸ ZM[XWVLQ []ZXZM[W KWU [M] \WU LM ^Wb ¸ *MU u ]U ~\QUW TQ^ZW M \WLW W U]VLW LM^MZQI Tw TW ) QLMQI u Y]M [M VrW \WUIZUW[ K]QLILW I ZItI JZIVKI ^IQ [MZ WZI ^IQ [MZ \W\ITUMV\M IVQY]QTILI j ]UI Y]M[\rW KQMV\yÅKI NWQ XZW^ILI ¸ <WU M[\n ÅKIVLW U]Q\W XZWN]VLW ¸ ,IQ[a KWUMV\W] KWU ]UI M`XZM[[rW LM \ZQ[\MbI ]U \IV\W QVLQNMZMV\M ¸ -TM ÅKI TMVLW M[[M[ TQ^ZW[ LQNyKMQ[ KPMQW[ LM XITI^ZI[ KWUXZQLI[ 9]IT NWQ IY]MTI XITI^ZI Y]M V~[ ¸ *MU M[[M[ TQ^ZW[ [rW \WLW[ KQMV\yÅKW[ ¸ <WU QV[Q[\Q] TIVtIVLW TPM ]U WTPIZ QUXIKQMV\M ¸ -[[M KIUIZILI Rn LM[^MV LW] I KWQ[I \WLI ) ZM[XWV[IJQTQLILM u VW[[I XWZY]M [WUW[ V~[ Y]M XMZ\MVKMUW[ o ZItI LWUQVIV\M <MUW[ LM ÅKIZ LM WTPW[ JMU IJMZ\W[ M \MZ K]QLILW KWU \WLI[ M[[I[ W]\ZI[ ZItI[ KI[W KWV\ZnZQW MTM[ ^rW I[[]UQZ W KWV\ZWTM LI[ KWQ[I[ ¸ <MUW[ LM LMZZW\n TW[ ¸ ,IQ[a U]ZU]ZW] XQ[KIVLW W[ WTPW[ N]ZQW[IUMV\M VI LQZMtrW LW [WT \~ZZQLW ¸ >WKw[ LM^MZQIU UWZIZ VI +ITQN~ZVQI ¸ KWUMtW] I [Z\I *ISMZ UI[ NWQ QV\MZZWUXQLI XWZ <WU Y]M [M ZMUM`M] XM[ILI UMV\M VI KILMQZI ¸ ) QLMQI KMV\ZIT LM[[M TQ^ZW u Y]M V~[ [WUW[ V~ZLQKW[ -] [W] ^WKw u ^WKw u M ¸ )X~[ ]UI K]Z\I PM[Q\ItrW QVKT]Q] ,IQ[a KWU 25
F. Scott Fitzgerald
]U IKMVW LM KIJMtI M MTI XQ[KW] XIZI UQU ¸ 6~[ XZWL]bQUW[ \WLI[ I[ KWQ[I[ Y]M NIbMU I KQ^QTQbItrW WZI I KQwVKQI I[ IZ\M[ M \]LW W UIQ[ 8MZKMJMU' 0I^QI ITOW LM XI\u\QKW MU []I KWUXMVM\ZItrW KWUW [M []I XZM[]VtrW UIQ[ IKMV\]ILI LW Y]M MU W]\ZW[ \MUXW[ VrW TPM JI[\I[[M UIQ[ 9]I[M QUMLQI\IUMV\M W \MTMNWVM \WKW] LMV\ZW LI KI[I M W UWZLWUW LMQ`W] I ^IZIVLI XIZI I\MVLMZ# ,IQ[a IXZW^MQ \W] I QV\MZZ]XtrW M QVKTQVW] [M MU UQVPI LQZMtrW ¸ >W] TPM KWV\IZ ]U [MOZMLW LM NIUyTQI ¸ KWKPQKPW] MV\] [QI[UILI ¸ j I ZM[XMQ\W LW VIZQb LW UWZLWUW 9]MZ [IJMZ Y]IT u W XZWJTMUI KWU W VIZQb LW UWZLWUW' ¸ .WQ [~ XWZ Q[[W Y]M M] ^QU IY]Q M[\I VWQ\M ¸ *MU VMU [MUXZM MTM NWQ UWZLWUW +W[\]UI^I XWTQZ I XZI \IZQI LM ]UI[ XM[[WI[ MU 6W^I 1WZY]M Y]M \QVPIU ]UI JIQ`MTI XIZI L]bMV\I[ XM[[WI[ -TM XI[[I^I M[NZMOIVLW IY]QTW LI UIVPr o VWQ\M I\u Y]M W \ZIJITPW KWUMtW] I INM\IZ TPM W VIZQb ¸ )[ KWQ[I[ NWZIU QVLW LM UIT I XQWZ ¸ I [Z\I *ISMZ TMUJZW] ¸ ;QU )[ KWQ[I[ NWZIU ÅKIVLW XQWZM[ I KILI LQI I\u Y]M MTM \M^M LM LMQ`IZ W MUXZMOW 8WZ ]U UWUMV\W W T\QUW ZIQW LM [WT KIQ] [WJZM [M] ZW[\W KWUW ]UI KIZyKQI# I ^Wb LM ,IQ[a MZI \rW JIQ`I Y]M UM WJZQOI ^I I QVKTQVIZ UM XIZI MTI WNMOIV\M -V\rW W JZQTPW NWQ LM[^I VMKMVLW KWUW [M KILI ZIQW IJIVLWVI[[M \ZQ[\MUMV\M W [M] ZW[\W NMQ\W KZQIVtI[ LMQ`IVLW []I[ JZQVKILMQZI[ MU ]UI ITMOZM Z]I IW KZMX [K]TW 7 UWZLWUW ZM\WZVW] M U]ZU]ZW] ITO]UI KWQ[I IW W]^QLW LM <WU Y]M NZIVbQ] W KMVPW MUX]ZZW] I KILMQZI M MV\ZW] [MU XZWNMZQZ ]UI XITI^ZI +WUW [M I I][wVKQI LW UIZQLW LM[XMZ\I[[M ITOW VMTI ,IQ[a \WZVW] I LMJZ]tIZ [M MU UQVPI LQZMtrW I ^Wb QVÆIUIVLW UMTWLQW[I ¸ )LWZW ^w TW [MV\ILW o UQVPI UM[I 6QKS >WKw UM TMUJZI LM LM LM ]UI ZW[I ]UI ZW[I IJ[WT]\I -TM VrW I NIb TMUJZIZ 26
\IUJuU' ¸ -TI ^WT\W] [M XIZI I [Z\I *ISMZ MU J][KI LM KWVÅZ UItrW ¸ -TM VrW XIZMKM ]UI ZW[I IJ[WT]\I' )Y]QTW MZI ]UI QV^MZLILM 6rW UM XIZMtW VMU LM TM^M KWU ]UI ZW[I -TI M[\I^I QUXZW^Q[IVLW UI[ KWU ]UI KnTQLI IOQ\ItrW VI ^Wb KWUW [M [M] KWZItrW M[\Q^M[[M \MV\IVLW [M UW[\ZIZ I\Zn[ LIY]MTI[ XITI^ZI[ WNMOIV\M[ M KPMQI[ LM MUWtrW -V\rW []JQ\I UMV\M MTI RWOW] W O]IZLIVIXW [WJZM I UM[I U]ZU]ZW] ]U XM LQLW LM LM[K]TXI[ M MV\ZW] VI KI[I ) [Z\I *ISMZ M M] \ZWKIUW[ ]U ZnXQLW WTPIZ XZWXW[Q\ILIUMV \M LM[XQLW LM [QOVQÅKILW -] M[\I^I I XWV\W LM NITIZ Y]IVLW MTI MUXMZ\QOW] [M VI KILMQZI MU ITMZ\I M NMb" ¹8[Q] º -[K]\I^I [M ]U U]ZU ZQW Y]I[M QVI]Ly^MT UI[ KTIZIUMV\M QVÆIUILW M IJI NILW VW QV\MZQWZ LI KI[I# M I [Z\I *ISMZ QVKTQVW] [M VM[[I LQZMtrW [MU W UMVWZ X]LWZ 7 U]ZU ZQW [M MTM^I^I Y]I[M KWUXZMMV[y ^MT LMXWQ[ MVNZIY]MKQI KZM[KQI LM VW^W MU ]U IZZW]JW LM M`KQ \ItrW I\u Y]M KM[[W] KWUXTM\IUMV\M ¸ -[[M [Z /I\[Ja LM Y]MU ^WKw NITW] u UM] ^QbQVPW ¸ KWUMKMQ ¸ 6rW NITM 9]MZW M[K]\IZ W Y]M ^IQ IKWV\MKMZ ¸ )TO]UI KWQ[I M[\n IKWV\MKMVLW' ¸ QVY]QZQ QVWKMV\MUMV\M ¸ >WKw Y]MZ LQbMZ Y]M VrW [IJM' ¸ ) [Z\I *ISMZ M[\I^I PW VM[\IUMV\M []ZXZM[I ¸ 8MV[MQ Y]M \WLW U]VLW [W]JM[[M ¸ -] VrW [MQ ¸ 7ZI ¸ MTI LQ[[M PM[Q\IV\M ¸ <WU IZZIVRW] ITO]UI U] TPMZ MU 6W^I 1WZY]M ¸ )ZZIVRW] ]UI U]TPMZ' ¸ ZMXM\Q QVM`XZM[[Q^W ) [Z\I *ISMZ I[[MV\Q] ¸ -TI XWLMZQI \MZ I LMKwVKQI LM VrW \MTMNWVIZ VI PWZI LW RIV \IZ >WKw VrW IKPI' )V\M[ Y]M M] KIX\I[[M W Y]M MTI Y]MZQI LQbMZ W]^Q W NIZNITPIZ LM ]U ^M[\QLW M W Z]yLW LM JW\I[ LM KW]ZW M <WU M ,IQ[a M[\I^IU LM ^WT\I o UM[I ¸ 6rW X]LM M^Q\IZ ¸ ,IQ[a M`KTIUW] KWU ]UI ITMOZQI VMZ ^W[I ;MV\W] J][KW] W WTPIZ LI [Z\I *ISMZ M KWV\QV]W] WTPIVLW 27
F. Scott Fitzgerald
XIZI UQU" ¸ .]Q LIZ ]UI WTPILI Tn NWZI XWZ ]U UQV]\W M M[\n ]UI I\UW[NMZI U]Q\W ZWUpV\QKI 0n ]U XI[[IZQVPW VW OZIUILW M M[\W] IKPIVLW Y]M u ]U ZW]`QVWT Y]M ^MQW MU ]U LW[ JIZKW[ LI +]VIZL W] LI ?PQ\M ;\IZ -TM M[\n KIV\IVLW KPMQW LM MV\][QI[ UW ¸ ;]I ^Wb XIZMKQI KIV\IZ \IUJuU ¸ j U]Q\W ZWUpV\QKW VrW u <WU' ¸ 5]Q\W ZWUpV\QKW ¸ MTM KWVKWZLW] M LQZQOQ] [M I UQU MU ]U \WU LMXTWZn^MT ¸ ;M IX~[ W RIV\IZ IQVLI M[\Q^MZ KTIZW Y]MZW UW[\ZIZ TPM W[ M[\nJ]TW[ 7 \MTMNWVM \WKW] LM VW^W LMV\ZW LI KI[I UMQW I[[][\ILWZ M ,IQ[a [IK]LQ] I KIJMtI MVNI\QKIUMV\M XIZI <WU NIbMVLW W I[ []V\W LI[ KWKPMQZI[ LM NI\W \WLW[ W[ I[[]V\W[ [M LM[^IVMKMZ VW IZ -V\ZM W[ NZIOUMV\W[ LW[ T\QUW[ KQVKW UQV]\W[ o UM[I TMUJZW UM LM Y]M I[ ^MTI[ NWZIU IKM[I[ VW^IUMV\M [MU W UMVWZ UW\Q ^W# M] \QVPI ^WV\ILM LM WTPIZ LQZM\IUMV\M XIZI W ZW[\W LM \WLW[ M IW UM[UW \MUXW M^Q\I^I \WLW[ W[ WTPIZM[ KWU W UIQWZ K]QLILW 6rW XWLQI ILQ^QVPIZ W Y]M ,IQ[a W] <WU M[\I^I XMV[IVLW UI[ L]^QLW Y]M I\u I [Z\I *ISMZ Y]M XIZMKQI \MZ I[[]UQLW ]U KM\QKQ[ UW ]U \IV\W n[XMZW M[\Q^M[[M KWV[MO]QVLW QOVWZIZ I ]ZOwVKQI UM\nTQKI M M[\ZQLMV\M LIY]MTM Y]QV\W KWV^QLILW 8IZI ]U LM\MZ UQVILW \QXW LM \MUXMZIUMV\W I [Q\]ItrW XWLMZQI \MZ XIZMKQLW I\u UM[UW LQ^MZ\QLI UI[ UQVPI ^WV\ILM MZI \MTMNWVIZ QUMLQI\I UMV\M XIZI I XWTyKQI j LM[VMKM[[nZQW LQbMZ Y]M W[ KI^ITW[ VrW NWZIU UMVKQWVILW[ W]\ZI ^Mb <WU M I [Z\I *ISMZ KWU ]U UM\ZW M UMQW LM KZMX [K] TW MV\ZM MTM[ [M LQZQOQZIU o JQJTQW\MKI KWUW [M NW[[MU ^MTIZ ]U KILn^MZ XMZNMQ\IUMV\M \IVOy^MT MVY]IV\W M] XIZMKMVLW IOZILI ^MTUMV\M QV\MZM[[ILW M ]U XW]KW []ZLW [MO]Q ,IQ[a XWZ ]UI [] KM[[rW LM ^IZIVLI[ QV\MZTQOILI[ I\u W X~Z\QKW LI NZMV\M -U []I XZWN]VLI XMV]UJZI [MV\IUW[ TILW I TILW MU ]U KIVIXu LM ^QUM ,IQ[a KWTWKW] W ZW[\W MV\ZM I[ UrW[ KWUW [M M`IUQVI[[M [M] NWZUI\W MVKIV\ILWZ MVY]IV\W [M][ WTPW[ [M XMZLQIU VW KZMX [K]TW 28
I^MT]LILW 8MZKMJQ I \]ZJ]TwVKQI LM MUWt M[ LMV\ZW LMTI M MV\rW Åb ITO]UI[ XMZO]V\I[ [WJZM []I OIZW\QVPI Y]M R]TO]MQ \ZIVY]QTQbILWZI[ ¸ 6rW VW[ KWVPMKMUW[ U]Q\W JMU 6QKS ¸ MTI LQ[[M []JQ\I UMV\M ¸ 5M[UW [MVLW XZQUW[ >WKw VMU NWQ I UM] KI[IUMV\W ¸ -] VrW \QVPI ^WT\ILW LI O]MZZI ¸ >MZLILM ¸ -TI PM[Q\W] ¸ *MU 6QKS XI[[MQ XWZ UW UMV\W[ U]Q\W LQNyKMQ[ M M[\W] Ku\QKI I ZM[XMQ\W LM \]LW -ZI M^QLMV\M Y]M MTI \QVPI ZIb M[ XIZI M[\IZ -[XMZMQ UI[ MTI VrW LQ[[M UIQ[ VILI ,MXWQ[ LM ]U UWUMV\W Åb ]UI \MV\I\Q^I JI[\IV\M LuJQT LM ZM\WUIZ I KWV^MZ[I [WJZM []I ÅTPI ¸ ;]XWVPW Y]M MTI Rn NITI M KWUM LM \]LW ¸ )P KTIZW ¸ -TI UM TIVtW] ]U WTPIZ I][MV\M ¸ -[K]\M 6QKS LMQ`M M] KWV\IZ W Y]M NWQ Y]M M] LQ[[M Y]IVLW MTI VI[KM] 9]MZ W]^QZ' ¸ +TIZW Y]M Y]MZW ¸ 1[[W ^IQ TPM UW[\ZIZ KWUW ÅY]MQ UM [MV\QVLW I ZM[XMQ\W LI[ LM \WLI[ I[ KWQ[I[ *MU MTI IQVLI VrW \QVPI ]UI PWZI LM ^QLI M [~ ,M][ [IJM WVLM <WU M[\I^I )KWZLMQ Y]IVLW W MNMQ\W LW u\MZ XI[[W] UM [MV\QVLW IJIVLWVILI M XMZO]V\MQ o MVNMZUMQZI [M MZI UMVQVW W] UMVQVI -TI LQ[[M Y]M MZI ]UI UMVQVI M MV\rW ^QZMQ UM] ZW[\W XIZI W W]\ZW TILW M KPWZMQ ¹<]LW JMUº M] LQ[[M ¹M[\W] KWV\MV\M XWZ [MZ ]UI UMVQVI -[XMZW Y]M [MRI ]UI UMVQ VI JWJI" u I UMTPWZ KWQ[I Y]M XWLM IKWV\MKMZ I ]UI UMVQVI VM[\M U]VLW [MZ ]UI TQVLI JWJQVPI º >WKw ^w KWUW M] \MVPW ]UI ^Q[rW \MZZy^MT LM \]LW ¸ XZW[[MO]Q] KWV^QK\I ¸ <WLW[ XMV [IU I[[QU XMTW UMVW[ I[ XM[[WI[ UIQ[ XMZ[XQKIbM[ - M] [MQ 2n M[\Q^M MU \WLI XIZ\M Rn ^Q LM \]LW M Rn Åb \]LW 7[ WTPW[ LM ,IQ[a KQV\QTIZIU LM[IÅILWZM[ ]U XW]KW KWUW W[ LM <WU M MTI ZQ] KWU ]U KWUW^MV\M LM[XZMbW ¸ ;WÅ[\QKILI )P UM] ,M][ KWUW [W] [WÅ[\QKILI 9]IVLW []I ^Wb [M QV\MZZWUXM] XIZIVLW LM I\ZIQZ UQVPI I\MV trW ¸ M UQVPI KWVÅIVtI ¸ XMZKMJQ Y]M VrW M`Q[\QI [QVKMZQLILM 29
F. Scott Fitzgerald
ITO]UI VW Y]M MTI PI^QI LQ\W ;MV\Q UM QVKWUWLILW KWUW [M I VWQ\M \WLI PW]^M[[M [QLW ]U \QXW LM \Z]Y]M LM[\QVILW I M`\ZIQZ LM UQU ]UI MUWtrW Y]M KWV\ZQJ]y[[M XIZI W KWVR]V\W -[XMZMQ M TWOW MTI UM WTPW] KWU ]U [WZZQ[W INM\ILW MU [M] ZW[\W TQVLW KWUW [M ILUQ\Q[[M XIZ\QKQXIZ LM ITO]UI QZUIVLILM [MKZM\I JI[ \IV\M M`KT][Q^I o Y]IT MTI M <WU XMZ\MVKQIU
9 ,MV\ZW LI KI[I I [ITI ZW[ILI JZQTPI^I LM T]b <WU M I [Z\I *ISMZ M[\I^IU [MV\ILW[ ]U MU KILI XWV\I LW TWVOW [WNn M MTI TQI ITO]UI KWQ[I XIZI MTM VI ;I\]ZLIa -^MVQVO 8W[\ )[ XITI^ZI[ MZIU U]ZU ZQW[ [MU QVÆM`rW M KWZZQIU R]V\I[ KWUW [M NW[[MU ]U IKITIV\W ) T]b LW TIUXQrW JZQTPIV\M VI[ JW\I[ LMTM M NW[KI VW IUIZMTW W]\WVIT LW KIJMTW LMTI ZMT]bQ] VW XIXMT Y]IVLW MTI ^QZW] ]UI XnOQVI KWU ]UI TM^M KWV\ZItrW LW[ U [K]TW[ LMTQKI LW[ MU [M] JZItW 9]IVLW MV\ZIUW[ MTI MZO]M] I UrW XMLQVLW [QTwVKQW ¸ +WV\QV]I ¸ LQ[[M TWOW LMXWQ[ RWOIVLW I ZM^Q[\I [WJZM I UM[I ¸ VW XZ~`QUW V UMZW ;M] KWZXW ZMKTIUW] KWU ]U UW^QUMV\W QVY]QM\W LM ]U LW[ RWMTPW[ M MTI [M MZO]M] ¸ ,Mb PWZI[ ¸ WJ[MZ^W] IXIZMV\MUMV\M MV`MZOIVLW I[ PWZI[ VW \M\W ¸ -[\n VI PWZI LM[\I OIZW\I KWUXWZ\ILI QZ XIZI I KIUI ¸ 2WZLIV ^IQ RWOIZ VW \WZVMQW LM IUIVPr ¸ M`XTQKW] ,IQ[a ¸ 4n MU ?M[\KPM[\MZ ¸ 7ZI >WKw u 2WZLIV *ISMZ )OWZI M] [IJQI XWZ Y]M [M] ZW[\W UM XIZMKQI NIUQTQIZ )Y]MTI IOZILn^MT M`XZM[[rW LM []XMZQWZQLILM Rn UM MVKIZIZI LM U]Q\I[ ZW\WOZI^]ZI[ [WJZM I ^QLI M[XWZ\Q^I MU )[PM^QTTM 0W\ ;XZQVO[ M 8ITU *MIKP -] \IUJuU PI^QI M[K]\ILW ]UI PQ[\~ZQI I [M] ZM[XMQ \W ]UI NWNWKI LM[IOZILn^MT UI[ VMU TMUJZI^I UIQ[ W Y]M MZI 30
¸ *WI VWQ\M ¸ MTI LQ[[M JIQ`QVPW ¸ 5M IKWZLMU o[ WQ\W XWZ NI^WZ ¸ ;M ^WKw TM^IV\IZ ¸ 4M^IV\W [QU *WI VWQ\M [Z +IZZI_Ia >IUW[ VW[ ^MZ W]\ZI ^Mb ¸ j KTIZW Y]M ^rW ¸ KWVÅZUW] ,IQ[a ¸ )KPW Y]M ^W] IZZIVRIZ ]U KI[IUMV\W >MVPI VW[ ^Q[Q\IZ KWU NZMY]wVKQI 6QKS - MV\rW JMU ^W] MUX]ZZIZ ^WKw[ ]U XIZI W W]\ZW >WKw[ [IJMU )KQLMV\ITUMV\M \ZIVKW ^WKw[ VI XMtI WVLM O]IZLW W[ TMVt~Q[ W] MUX]ZZW W[ LWQ[ MU ]U JIZKW UIZ ILMV\ZW M[[M \QXW LM KWQ[I ¸ *WI VWQ\M ¸ ZMXM\Q] I [Z\I *ISMZ []JQVLW I M[KILI ¸ 6rW M[K]\MQ ]UI XITI^ZI Y]M ^WKw LQ[[M ¸ j ]UI ~\QUI UWtI ¸ LQ[[M <WU IX~[ ]U UWUMV\W ¸ -TM[ VrW LM^MZQIU LMQ`n TI ^QIRIZ I[[QU [WbQVPI XWZ \WLW W XIy[ ¸ 9]MU VrW LM^QI' ¸ ,IQ[a QVLIOW] NZQIUMV\M ¸ ) NIUyTQI LMTI ¸ ) NIUyTQI LMTI u ]UI \QI Y]M \MU ]V[ UQT IVW[ LM QLILM )TuU LQ[[W 6QKS ^IQ KWUMtIZ I K]QLIZ LMTI VrW ^IQ 6QKS' -TI ^IQ XI[[IZ ]U UWV\M LM ÅV[ LM [MUIVI KWVW[KW VM[\M ^MZrW )KPW Y]M W[ IZM[ LWUu[\QKW[ ^rW NIbMZ U]Q\W JMU I 2WZLIV ,IQ[a M <WU [M MV\ZMWTPIZIU MU [QTwVKQW ¸ -TI u LM 6W^I 1WZY]M' ¸ XMZO]V\MQ ZIXQLIUMV\M ¸ >MQW LM 4W]Q[^QTTM 8I[[IUW[ R]V\I[ VW[[I QVNpVKQI LM UMVQ VI[ JZIVKI[ 6W[[I TQVLI M JZIVKI ¸ >WKw IJZQ] [M] KWZItrW I 6QKS MVY]IV\W M[\I^IU VI ^IZIV LI' ¸ <WU QVLIOW] []JQ\IUMV\M ¸ )JZQ' ¸ -TI UM WTPW] ¸ 6rW KWV[QOW TMUJZIZ UI[ IKPW Y]M KWV^MZ[IUW[ [WJZM I ZItI V~ZLQKI ;QU \MVPW KMZ\MbI 7 I[ []V\W ^MQW [M IZZI[\IVLW M LM ZMXMV\M [IT\W] MU KQUI LM V~[ ¸ 6rW IKZMLQ\M MU \]LW W Y]M W]^M 6QKS ¸ MTM UM IKWV[MTPW] :M[XWVLQ LMTQKILIUMV\M Y]M VrW PI^QI M[K]\ILW VILI M ITO]V[ UQV]\W[ LMXWQ[ TM^IV\MQ XIZI QZ MUJWZI -TM[ UM IKWUXIVPIZIU I\u 31
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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