RAPDx utilizes a high-definition, machine-vision system under controlled infrared conditions to present monocular visual stimuli while recording binocular pupil responses. Unlike human observers that only see one eye response at a time, RAPDx simultaneous images both direct and consensual light responses. The power of the system is to collect a series of responses and average them into a consolidated response curve. Pupil testing is notoriously non-standardized, variable, and noisy. Response averaging significantly helps filter the noise inherent in the biological responses. Easy, objective, quantitative, delegated, detailed. RAPDx may be the most significant advancement in pupil testing in decades.
RAPDx HD Pupillography
SWINGING EYE TEST With origins stemming from the 19th century, this manual and subjective method of detecting RAPDs is commonly known to be difficult to perform well, under the best of circumstances. Although known to be an important physical sign, many wellintentioned doctors report little incidence – not because the sign is not present, but because it is difficult or impossible to detect and it is rarely quantified.
FEATURES • Touchscreen operator interface (tablet size). • Operator display rotates 180 degrees for flexibility in pre-testing settings • Ribbon control for simple patient alignment • Cyclopian view of separate OD-OS stimuli scene...
TECHNOLOGY • Patented1 pupillograph • Objective, standardized • HD, infrared, machine-vision • Eye tracking • Automated blink detection and stimulus rescheduling • Digital, simultaneous, high-fidelity, recording of direct and consensual responses
STIMULI • RAPDx presents monocular stimuli with simultaneous binocular elements • Patient views binocularly, but as a cyclopian view • White light and multi-chromic testing strategies • Multi-intensity • Full-field, macular, and macular sparing • Quadrants
PUPIL TESTING...EVOLVED “I’ve been using RAPDx since 2011 and have diagnosed over a dozen patients with lowtension glaucoma. These patients had a relative afferent pupillary defect as their initial abnormal finding and without the benefit of automated pupillography, my index-of-suspicion for ocular disease would have been lower and I might have missed the diagnosis.”
Craig Thomas, OD
RAPD
DISORDERS THAT MAY CAUSE RAPD
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defects. RAPD may occur with optic nerve or retinal disease, amblyopia or cerebral vascular disease, when there is a difference in the disease process between the two eyes. Pupil testing is considered part of the comprehensive exam.
• Glaucoma Alzheimers Parkinson’s • Traumatic optic neuropathy Autism • Optic neuritis Optic nerve tumor • Optic nerve tumor Retinal detachment • Optic nerve infections or inflammations • Retinal detachment Intraocular tumor • Severe macular degeneration Retinal infection
HD Pupillography RAPDx pupillograpy provides 6 key measurements that make up the fundamentals of the pupil response “Signature”. The differentials of the maximum right eye stimulated constrictions versus the left eye stimulated constrictions are compiled as “RAPDx Score”.
RAPDx SCORE • Resting pupil diameter • Latency, onset of constriction • Velocity of constriction • Amplitude of constriction • Latency, maximum constriction • Velocity of recovery
RAPDs
SUMMARY DATA
The swinging flashlight test
The RAPDx score here indicates that the right eye sees less light and the averaged score is recorded as 0.71 (constriction amplitude differential). As a result, further tests were ordered including visual fields, OCT and VEP, resulting in a diagnosis of normal tension glaucoma.
“Routine physician assessment of an RAPD has been clinically difficult with any measure of precision. Now with RAPDx, our techs can simply and objectively provide an entirely new level of detail in detection of an APD. Every doc will want one to enhance detection of neuro-affected diseases. This can be very interesting in looking at disease progression at a very early stage.”
Theodore Krupin MD SPECIFICATIONS • Integrated computer • Integrated WiFI and ethernet • Patient self-alignment ribbon • Rotating, touchscreen operator display • Digital, 60 Hz, infrared, machine-vision system • 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz • USB 2.0 • Auditory cues for simplified test process • Synchronous imaging and stimulus-display • Web-enabled remote service and training capabilities • Cloud-based storage and enhanced features • RAPDx is FDA listed, CE marked, and Health Canada registered • Konan Medical USA is ISO 13485 certified company
15 Marconi, Suite A, Irvine, CA 92618 Phone. +1-949-521-7730 KonanMedical.com