Urban Waterfronts in Southeast Wales Yr1 by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Contents Summary Acknowledgements Copyright notice 1. Introduction 1.1 Project background 1.2 Scope 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Presentation of results 2. Chepstow 2.1 Location and topography 2.2 Geology 2.3 Historic background 2.4 The waterfront 2.5 Discussion 3. Newport 3.1 Location and topography 3.2 Geology 3.3 Historic background 3.4 The waterfront 3.5 Discussion 4. Cardiff 4.1 Location and topography 4.2 Geology 4.3 Historic background 4.4 The waterfront 4.5 Discussion 5. Swansea 5.1 Location and topography 5.2 Geology 5.3 Historic background 5.4 The waterfront 5.5 Discussion Bibliography Appendix 1 Archaeological interests in Chepstow Appendix 2 Archaeological interests in Newport Appendix 3 Archaeological interests in Cardiff Appendix 4 Archaeological interests in Swansea Appendix 5 Location maps of archaeological interests

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Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Figures Figure 2.1: Millerds Map of Chepstow (1686) Figure 2.2: Chepstow study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue) Figure 2.3: General location of possible medieval wall Figure 2.4: Detailed plan of possible medieval wall Figure 2.5: Chepstow waterfront features (north) Figure 2.6: Chepstow waterfront features (south) Figure 2.7: Chepstow zones of archaeological potential Figure 3.1: Plan of the Borough of Newport (1750) Figure 3.2: Newport study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue) Figure 3.3: Newport waterfront features Figure 3.4: Newport zones of archaeological potential Figure 4.1: Speed’s map of Cardiff (1610) Figure 4.2: Cardiff study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue) Figure 4.3: River Taff as shown on Speed’s map of 1610 Figure 4.4: River Taff as shown on the Bute Estate map of 1824 Figure 4.5: River Taff as shown on the Wood’s 1830s Plan of Cardiff Figure 4.6: River Taff as shown on the map of the Port of Cardiff of 1849 Figure 4.7: River Taff as shown on the map of the Port of Cardiff of 1855 Figure 4.8: River Taff as shown on the OS 1st edition map of 1876 Figure 4.9: Location of quays along Westgate Street Figure 4.10: Detail of quay wall excavated by Webster (1977) Figure 4.11: Cardiff waterfront features from Tithe and Port maps (overview) Figure 4.12: Cardiff waterfront features from Tithe and Port maps (detail) Figure 4.13: Cardiff waterfront features from OS 1st edition map of 1876 (overview) Figure 4.14: Cardiff waterfront features from OS 1st edition map of 1876 (north detail) Figure 4.15: Cardiff waterfront features from OS 1st edition map of 1876 (south detail) Figure 4.16: Cardiff zones of archaeological potential Figure 5.1 Evans’ map of Swansea (1823) Figure 5.2: Swansea study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue) Figure 5.3: Swansea waterfront features Figure 5.4: Swansea zones of archaeological potential

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Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Summary The historic ports and harbours of south Wales have played an important role in the history of the region; however their exact nature and extent are not well understood. There is a significant potential for the survival of archaeological remains at these sites, which are increasingly under threat from waterfront developments. A detailed assessment of these ports and harbours is therefore being funded by Cadw, so that our understanding of the potential of the maritime archaeological remains is enhanced and informed decisions regarding the future conservation of this resource can be made. Phase 1 (Year 1) of this project has studied the historic ports of Chepstow, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea, and is the subject of this report. Phase 2 (Year 2) will consider all other small harbours and ports along the coastal fringe and estuaries. The regional Sites and Monuments Record and National Monuments Record have been assessed, along with documentary and cartographic evidence and other published sources, and a project database compiled. This has been linked to Ordnance Survey data using MapInfo Geographical Information System. Historic maps were geocoded and overlaid with Ordnance Survey data, allowing a map regression exercise to be undertaken. The course of the rivers and position of waterfront features were then plotted. An assessment of the potential for the survival of maritime archaeological remains was made and zoned maps produced. This information will be available digitally in the project archive, and is summarised in this report. This exercise concluded that substantial areas in these four historic ports have a high potential for the survival of unexpected archaeological remains. These areas include the west bank of the River Wye within the historic town in Chepstow, the west bank of the River Usk around Town Pill in Newport, the east bank of the River Taff adjacent to the historic core of Cardiff and the west bank of the River Tawe along the line of the Strand in Swansea. In addition, areas around known pills have been classed as high potential as they would have provided safe havens from the prehistoric period onwards. Most of the remaining areas are considered to have a medium potential, except where the archaeological resource is well understood (classified as known or established potential) or modern developments will have removed any surviving archaeological deposits, and these areas are described as low potential. Acknowledgements The report researched and prepared by J. Kate Howell BSc AIFA and Rob Dunning BSc of GGAT Contracts. Hannah Wiggins MA assisted with the mapping. The project was funded by Cadw. The author is grateful to Sue Hughes and Claire Davies of the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, Curatorial Division for their help during the project. Colin Green, Anne Rainsbury and Rick Turner provided useful information, and Spencer Dimmock of University of Wales Swansea, provided access to unpublished research papers. In addition the staff of the National Library of Wales, the Glamorgan Records Office, the West Glamorgan Archive Service and the Gwent Record Office assisted with the research, as did the staff of the Royal Institute of South Wales, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea County libraries. Copyright notice The copyright of this report is held by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd and Cadw. Ordnance Survey plans are reproduced under license (100017916), and annotations are GGAT copyright. 3

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

1. Introduction 1.1 Project background The historic ports and harbours of south-east Wales have been fundamental in the development of the region, playing a crucial role in its history. They have catered to both travel and trade, via rivers and sea since the prehistoric period. Evidence for early river or estuarine travel can be seen in the Bronze Age boat discovered near Caldicot (04782g) and Barland’s Farm Romano-Celtic boat (04703g). Indeed, water-borne transport was the quickest method of longdistance movement of goods until the coming of the railways in the 19th century (Davidson 2002, 1). The well-documented maritime trade in the region during the medieval, early postmedieval and industrial periods has done much to shape the nature of modern patterns of settlement and industry. Despite this, their exact nature and extent are not well known; although substantial historical information has been gathered by individuals, there has been little detailed study of the potential surviving archaeological resource. Furthermore, the historic waterfronts are increasingly under pressure from developments, as can be seen by the recent discovery of a medieval ship and associated features at Moderator Wharf, Newport. There is a significant potential for the survival of such archaeological remains at these sites, in addition to quayside features, associated buildings, industrial features and communication links. A systematic and detailed assessment of these ports and harbours would enhance our understanding of the potential of the maritime archaeological remains and inform the future conservation of this fragile resource. 1.2 Scope The known ports and harbours can be considered as two separate categories: • Category 1: medieval and early post-medieval ports which have subsequently developed

modern docks • Category 2: other historic ports and harbours (pre-1850), as defined by Lewis in the Welsh

Port Books (1927, 319-320) The first category comprises Chepstow, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea and is the subject of this Phase 1 (Year 1) report. All four are documented medieval ports and continued to be major centres of trade during the post-medieval period. Cardiff was one of the two Head or Legal Ports in Wales (Milford being the other, with north Wales ports included in the Head Port of Chester) and Custom Houses were present at Cardiff, Chepstow and Swansea by 1573 (Lewis 1927, ix; 232). All four sites also have subsequent modern quays, docks or shipbuilding areas and are currently undergoing considerable redevelopment. The assumed medieval riverfronts of Chepstow and Newport are located within archaeologically sensitive areas (ASAs) designated by the local planning authorities, and those of Cardiff and Swansea are currently proposed ASAs. The archaeological importance of these historic waterfronts has therefore already been established. The size of the study areas varied widely between the four locations, depending on both the extent of the modern and medieval harbours. Phase 2 (Year 2) of the project will examine all other known small harbours and ports along the coastal fringe and estuaries. The Welsh Port Books lists seventeen ‘portes and creekes’ in Glamorgan (including Cardiff and Swansea) and nineteen in Monmouth (including Newport and Chepstow) (Lewis 1927, 319-320). This gives a total of 32 sites (excluding the Year 1 ports) to be examined in Year 2, although it is possible that other sites may also require consideration. It is likely that the majority of these sites will have been initially assessed during the coastal survey (Locock 1996a, 1996b, 1997, 1998). These small harbours and ports were crucial to the trade, travel and industry (such as fishing, salt-making) of south-east Wales 4

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

into the 19th century. A cut-off date of c.1850 would be implemented, in order to exclude the large-scale dock developments of the industrial period. 1.3 Methodology The project comprises a review of existing information about the archaeological resource within the four study areas, centred on the historic towns of Chepstow, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea, although the historic map coverage extended beyond the historic urban areas. Information recorded on the regional Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) and National Monuments Record (NMR) was assessed and combined into a single project database with enhanced descriptions. The database was then filtered, with any sites that were modern or considered to have no relevance to the waterfront removed. This database was then linked to the 1:50,000 and landline Ordnance Survey (OS) map bases in MapInfo Professional 5.5 Geographical Information System (GIS). Documentary sources were reviewed, along with relevant published information, in particular the Tudor Welsh Port Books (Lewis 1927). Pictographic evidence, such as postcards, oil paintings, prints and newspaper photographs were also studied. Furthermore, tithe maps, 1st edition and 2nd edition OS, estate maps and other appropriate materials were considered. The relevant cartographic sources were broken down into A4 sections before being scanned using an A4 flatbed digital scanner. The resultant images were then ‘stitched together’ using Adobe Photoshop 4.0.1 LE, so that the entirety of the resource was in digital form. The full images were then imported into MapInfo workspaces as a series of bitmap files. They were then overlaid with modern OS landline data, before being geocoded using a minimum of five reference points. This allowed a map regression exercise to be undertaken within the GIS system, and the course of the rivers and position of waterfront features (e.g. old dry docks, slipways and quays) to be plotted with some degree of accuracy. However, the degree of accuracy varied widely, and some maps became so skewed after geocoding that they were unusable (for example Dawsons Map of Newport of 1832). Such skewing was especially apparent in estate maps. However, through this process the archaic waterways and associated features were approximated. Following the assessment of this information, the waterfronts were zoned into areas of high, medium and low potential. An additional category of ‘known or established potential’ was applied to areas such as the medieval castles of the towns. These zones do not relate to the general archaeological potential of the areas, but specifically to the potential for the discovery of unexpected archaeological remains of maritime nature. 1.4 Presentation of results 1.4.1 Report This report provides details of the Phase 1 (Year 1) work. The results are described by area east to west (Chepstow, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea) and include appendices containing printouts of the databases and maps of archaeological interests. A similar report will be produced for the Phase 2 (Year 2) work. 1.4.2 Archive A digital archive of the results of the Phase 1 (Year 1) has been compiled. The Phase 2 (Year 2) results will also be added to this to form a complete project archive. This will include the completed database linked to a series of digital maps, and it will be possible to interrogate this fully through MapInfo, which will be available on CD format.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

2. Chepstow 2.1 Location and topography Chepstow is located within a meander on the west bank of the River Wye (see Figure 2.1 below), which flows roughly from north to south and forms the boundary between Wales and England at this point. The meander forms a semi-circle around the town, which is completed by the medieval Port Wall (01186g/302128/MM002), enclosing an area of 53 hectares. Two gates provide entrances into the town; the Town Gate (02728g/MM002) which is intact at the south end of High Street, and the Bridge Gate, the purpose of which was to control traffic over the Wye from England (Shoesmith 1991, 3). Chepstowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s geographical location, combined with the large tidal range and depth of the River Wye, has led to its being an important port since the medieval period. The study area for Chepstow is centred on NGR ST 53624 93805, and is the smallest of the four study areas covering an area of 66.82ha. The historic map coverage includes a larger area of 112.9ha (see Figure 2.2 below). 2.2 Geology The underlying geology of the area is Carboniferous limestone overlain by soils of the Crwbin series and alluvium associated with the River Wye (SSEW 1983). This limestone has been used as a construction material in the local area and is still quarried today, for example at Hardwick dolomite quarries. The nearby iron and coalfields (along with timber from the Forest of Dean) are a major factor in the development of Chepstow as a flourishing port, as this material has been recovered and transported since the Roman period (Shoesmith 1991, 3). 2.3

Historic background

2.3.1 Prehistoric and Roman Although there is little direct evidence for prehistoric activity within the study area, the region around Chepstow was certainly well populated during the Iron Age, as can be seen by the existence of prominent hill forts at Piecefield, Lancaut and the Bulwarks. All three hill forts are adjacent to the River Wye, and are within 3km of Chepstow itself (Shoesmith 1991, 3). Whilst Roman activity in the area was focussed on Caerwent (Venta Silurum) there is some evidence for a Roman presence in Chepstow. A number of finds have been discovered, predominantly coins, such as a Vespasian denarius (NMGW Record No. 50927) and a gold stater (01177g), but also including other items, such as a copper alloy brooch (NMGW Record No. 14726) (Williams 1994, 6). Further evidence was discovered during an excavation south of St. Maryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Church and Priory (01184g) in 1973-74, when three 1st-century AD cremations were unearthed. A probable Roman bridge is also present 0.7km north of the castle, known as Striguil Bridge (01160g) and the remains of a probable Roman road have been identified leading east from the bridge. Surviving wooden posts of the bridge have been recorded and recent excavation work for a television programme took dendrochronology and radiocarbon samples from these posts (it has been reported that these samples returned a radiocarbon date of 1st century AD, but no published information is yet available). At the end of the Roman period, the River Wye effectively became the boundary between the Silurians to the west and the populations to the east that were more influenced by the Saxons. It has been claimed that Chepstow was founded around the

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This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

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Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

7th century, after the decline of Caerwent, but did not develop into a fully fledged port until after 1066 (Green in litt.). Originally, Chepstow town and indeed Chepstow Castle (01173g/95237/MM003) were known as Striguil, from the Welsh ‘ystraigyl’, or ‘the bend’. It was not until at least the 14th century that the name ‘Chepstow’ came into use (chepe meaning ‘market’, and stow meaning ‘place’) (Shoesmith 1991,7). 2.3.2 Medieval Whatever the pre-Norman origins of Chepstow, the construction of Chepstow Castle in the second half of the 11th century was to have a major impact on the development of the town. Three main stages of construction can be seen at Chepstow Castle, although many minor alterations occurred over its six centuries of use. The Domesday Book states that it was founded by William Fitz-Osbern, on land granted to him by William the Conqueror. Fitz-Osbern was also gifted the earldom of Hereford and other extensive estates after the battle of Hastings, and this rise culminated with his appointment as one of the vice-regents of England in 1067. He was killed in the battle of Cassel in Flanders in 1071 and was succeeded by his son, Roger de Breteuil. However, Rogers’ loyalty to the king was not as strong as his fathers and he plotted to overthrow the Conqueror with Ralph, earl of Norfolk and Suffolk. Roger was caught, imprisoned and the Fitz-Osbern estates were forfeited to the Crown (Turner 2002, 5). Construction of the castle began between 1067-71 and was designed to take advantage of the natural defences of the area, being built at the highest point of the cliff, between two rock-cut ditches, one is still visible as the ditch of the upper bailey. The first structures to be built were the upper and middle bailey. Generally, this is thought to include the Great Tower, a hall keep, rectangular in shape (36m by 14m) and forming the highest point of the castle. Chepstow was granted to the de Clare family by Henry I, in around 1115. The castle was first held by Walter fitz Richard of Clare, until 1138, before passing to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke. In 1148 it was controlled by Richard de Clare. On his death in 1176, Isabella de Clare assumed control until she married William Marshall. William had a reputation for castle building and recent dendrochronological dating suggests that work began with the lower bailey in the 1190s. Two revolutionary round towers were also built to form the gatehouse (Turner 2002, 10). It was during this phase that stone imported from Bristol, a yellow limestone was introduced to the castle, as it was much easier to dress than the local white limestone (Williams 1994, 6). Further strengthening of the defences was achieved by the placing of two towers, the first to the south of the lower bailey wall, while the second was located adjacent to an arches gateway, close to the riverside cliff. These round towers were linked by a curtain wall with deep embrasures and arrowloops. The southern curtain wall was also extended to the west, to join with the great tower. The wall also featured an additional d-shaped tower (Turner 2002, 12). When the last Marshall died in 1245, their holdings were split amongst their sisters, with Maud inheriting Chepstow. On her death, Roger Bigod II, Earl of Norfolk, gained control, as did his nephew Roger Bigod III in 1270 when he died. His first concern was a new accommodation, with rooms being built on the cliff side of the lower bailey by the master mason, Ralph Gogan of London (Turner 2002, 16). Roger then went on to commission further construction work, strengthening the barbican, for example, as well as the construction of the town wall (01186g/302128/MM002),

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

which was 1.2km in length. There was then a pause in the construction works, due to the Welsh rebellions, until a new hall was built in the Lower Bailey, as well as Marten’s Tower which was finished in 1293. Work then began on the great tower (1293-1300), he extended the upper storey, added corner towers on the eastern end, built an adjacent gallery and roofed the entire structure in lead. On the death of Roger Bigod III, Chepstow passed to Edward I, who in turn granted the land to his half-brother Thomas de Brotherton, who began a series of expensive repairs. After a period of constableship, the castle was granted to Hugh Despenser the younger in 1324. Indeed, he and Edward II provisioned the castle for a long siege by the king’s estranged wife and Roger Mortimer in 1326 (Turner 2002, 18). Towards the end of the fourteenth century, control of the castle was assumed by Thomas Mowbray, earl of Norfolk, and de Brotherton’s descendant. Following the Wars of the Roses (1455-85), the castle fell into the hands of the Herbert family and in the 16th-century passed to their descendants the earls of Worcester, whose principal residence was at nearby Raglan (Turner 2002, 18-19). Documentary evidence gives an insight into the importance of shipping in medieval Chepstow. Following a king’s mandate in 1311 for a ship, supplied with men, armour and victuals, for seven weeks for the war against Scotland, the men of Chepstow beg to be excused. They claim that, for the previous seven years, they have had only four ships, three of which were lost with all hands and goods off Tenby, and the fourth had not returned. Further, the death of Roger Bigod had left them in poverty (Goronwy Edwards 1935, 72). Whilst the veracity of the numbers of ships cannot necessarily be assumed, this document indicates that the revenue that shipping brought to the town was considered important to the overall wealth of Chepstow. During the 14th and 15th centuries, two of the primary trading goods that passed through Chepstow were wine and salt. Both were considered to be somewhat of a luxury item, and commanded high prices and so a large profit. Surviving documents reveal details of the wine trade in particular, for example ‘in 1534 a payment of 22d. was made for “for the carriage of 22 casks of wine from Le Bake to Chepstow Castle”’ (Simon A, 1921 quoted in Waters 1977, 14) and ‘in 1550, a Thomas Pope loaded 90 tons of white wine in a Portuguese vessel which arrived in Chepstow where the wine was re-exported in smaller containers’ (Waters 1977, 14). 2.3.3 Post-medieval Chepstow finally gained a town charter in 1524, giving the town a steward and two bailiffs, whereas previously the town was run by the governor of the castle. With regard to shipping, Chepstow came under the Legal Port of Cardiff, which extended from Chepstow up to Wormshead. However, Chepstow had its own Customs House by at least 1573 (along with Swansea) (Lewis 1927, 323), indicating it was one of the most important ports along this stretch of the Welsh coast. A Customs House is shown near ‘The Backs’ on Millerds map of 1686, near to a probable slipway, but whether this had always been the location of the Customs House is not known. The Civil War was a period of great turmoil in Chepstow, reflecting the flux in the rest of the country. In 1643 General William Waller advanced into Monmouthshire, but could not take Chepstow Castle; however intense pressure from heavy artillery forced the royalists to surrender two years later. In 1648, during the second phase of the Civil War, royalists, led by Sir Nicholas Kemeys, were again forced to surrender after a siege by Colonel Ewer and his heavy cannon. When the Civil War ended,

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Chepstow castle was granted to Cromwell, who set about rebuilding and strengthening the defences. Indeed, it remained a military garrison until 1690, with the south and east sides of the castle being adapted to mount cannon to resist artillery fire from across the Dell (Turner 2002, 19-20). During this period the castle was also used as a prison for Henry Marten, who was one of the 59 people who signed the death warrant of King Charles I. He served twelve years of his life imprisonment in what became known as Marten’s Tower. In the eighteenth century, the lower bailey was used for various industrial purposes, including nail manufacture and glass production (Turner 2002, 20). By the 17th and 18th century at the latest, the focus of the trading activity was located downstream from the castle, around the meander in the River Wye. However, it should be noted that due to the busy nature of the port, the entire riverbank may have been used as a docking area, with smaller vessels being able to navigate underneath Chepstow Bridge and utilise facilities at Guys Wharf. A painting of Chepstow by Thomas Smith of c1680-90 (The Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, Badminton) shows a large sea-faring vessel anchored in the river, whilst smaller vessels are docked immediately downstream of the bridge and at the area in front of the green known as ‘The Backs’. A dry dock (05483g) was opened in 1759 in Silver Pill. By the second quarter of the 19th century, however, it appears to have been in a state of disrepair, partially silted up and filled with refuse. In 1832, the dry dock was the cause of a cholera outbreak, and finally closed in 1850-60. Chepstow Bridge (01171g/43154) in its present form was constructed in 1816, although there has been a bridge on the site since, it has been suggested, the 11th century. There was certainly a bridge in Chepstow in 1134, as Gilbert de Clare ‘was given permission to take 50 oaks from the forest of Dean to repair the bridge’ (Bradney 1929, 17). It is possible, however, that this referred to a structure upstream of the castle, where the probable Roman bridge was sited, and that the downstream structure was first built later than this. It is likely that the present bridge was constructed alongside the older bridge, to allow constant use, and so remnants of an older bridge or bridges may survive either immediately upstream or downstream of the current bridge. An important industry in the town was shipbuilding. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was focused on the Gunstock Wharf, between The Backs and Chepstow Bridge. The trade was dominated by two families of timber merchants, the Chapmans and the Fryers, although towards the end of the 19th century the centre moved towards the railway bridge (03665g), and the E. Finch Company was in control. Finch built fairly large vessels, such as the steamship Rougemont in 1882, which had a gross weight of 1525 tons (Page 1992, 19). Such vessels were launched through the use of a slipway (05477g), which is shown on the Badminton Estate map of 1764 and the Duke of Beauforts map of 1899. In the last forty years, the river frontage has undergone a radical change from business to residential usage, greatly altering the character of the area. ‘The Cornstore’ for example, as well as many other business properties, have been redeveloped to provide accommodation. Furthermore, a new road has been built downstream of Chepstow Bridge (43154), in addition to a leisure area and riverside walk being constructed along the same bank.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

2.4 The waterfront It is clear that Chepstow has functioned as an important port since at least the medieval period. A combination of its location on the River Wye, with good links across the Severn Estuary and upriver to other important centres such as Monmouth and Hereford, and the political situation that allowed the Welsh Marcher lords to set their own levels of tax, ensured that Chepstow port flourished during this period. The fact that the town wall is now known as the ‘Port Wall’ would certainly seem to confirm this assertion. Documentary evidence indicates that the amount of trade into and out of Chepstow far exceeded the requirements of the town itself. Chepstow was being used as an intermediate port for the larger ‘ocean-going’ vessels to import their cargoes to Britain, thus avoiding the higher ‘King’s taxes’ levied at ports such as Bristol, on the English side of the Severn Estuary. The Welsh Port Books provide evidence for Chepstow’s continental trade, with wine from Bordeaux and Spanish iron from St Sebastian (Lewis 1927, 1). Much of this cargo was transhipped onto smaller vessels (referred to as coasters) which would then distribute the goods around the coast of southern Britain and up the River Wye to Monmouth, Hereford and beyond. Whilst only a small proportion of the items shipped into Chepstow directly entered the local economy, the revenues collected from this trade would almost certainly have benefited the town and, in particular, its port. What is less clear, however, is the nature, extent and location of the riverside structures associated with this medieval transhipping activity. Even if cargoes were loaded directly from ocean-going vessels to coasters, the high tidal range would suggest that the provision of some areas for safe mooring would be required. If the transhipments were not direct from vessel to vessel, there would be a need for a more formal quayside, probably including secure warehouses, for cargoes to be unloaded, stored and reloaded onto coasters. The location of the main medieval trading wharfage is not clear, although it has been suggested that it was located between the castle and the bridge (Page 1992). A Badminton Estate map of 1764 indicates wharfs in this area and on the 1st edition OS map of 1882 this area is known as Guys Wharf, and is later named Bridge Coal Wharf. This location displayed excellent facilities for fairly large ships in the 19th century; and photographic evidence from 1900 shows a ship called The Alice tied up alongside a wooden quay, and it is not unreasonable therefore to assume that the area could have been used in earlier periods. There is some archaeological evidence that may support this theory. During a watching brief during the Chepstow Flood Alleviation Scheme in 2000-2001, the remains of a large stone wall were observed in Reach 3(5) and 3(6)) (see Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4). Whilst post-excavation analysis of the material is yet to be completed, a provisional assessment of pottery and mortar recovered from the structure suggests that it is of medieval date (Robic and Ponsford 2002; Jean-Yves Robic pers. comm.). It is possible that this represents part of a quayside structure or warehouse, although all interpretations are highly speculative, given the restricted nature of the excavation and lack of post-excavation analysis.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

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This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 2.3: General location of possible medieval wall

0.01

26 0.02

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8.8m LB

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 2.4: Detailed plan of possible medieval wall

One problem with the theory of Guys Wharf being the location of the main medieval wharf is the presence of Chepstow Bridge (01171g/43154), which is downstream of this area. It is possible that the large ocean-going vessels de-masted to pass under this bridge, and S and N Buck’s engraving of ‘The north east view of Chepstow Castle in the County of Monmouth’ of 1732 certainly illustrates a vessel upstream of the bridge

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

with its masts lowered. However, it is considered more likely that these large ships would have been unloaded downstream of the bridge, and that shipping activity upstream of the bridge was restricted to the coasters and river boats. The date of construction of the original Chepstow Bridge may therefore have affected the positioning of docks and wharfs along the riverside. Wherever the location of the main medieval port, it is clear that by the 17th century, the main port area was located downstream of Chepstow Bridge (see Figure 2.5 and Figure 2.6). The map evidence clearly shows a number of slips including the Packet Slip (05480g), which was probably used for the passenger service across the Wye, and the Lower (Town) Slipway (05478g). Other surviving buildings include the Boat Inn (04083g), the Wye House and the Wine Warehouse (02732g). This cartographic evidence has been corroborated by archaeological evidence. Watching briefs undertaken during the South East Coastal Strategy in 1999-2000 and Chepstow Flood Alleviation Scheme recorded the remains of Wharf, slip, dry dock and boat, all provisionally dated to the post-medieval period (Robic and Ponsford 2002; PreConstruct Archaeology 2003). It is hoped that post-excavation analysis will further elucidate the nature and date of these features.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

M 12.5m

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Gunstock Wharf, Beaufort 1899

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Figure 2.5: Chepstow waterfront features (north)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

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This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 2.6: Chepstow waterfront features (south)

2.5 Discussion The build-up of alluvium on the inner side of the meander of the River Wye at this point has resulted in the waterfront has slowly moving outwards, into the river. This can be seen by the location of the post-medieval, and possible medieval, riverfront features. The watching briefs undertaken for the Chepstow Flood Alleviation Scheme in 2000-2001 (Robic and Ponsford 2002) and South East Coastal Strategy (PreConstruct Archaeology 2003) clearly illustrated that large amount of material had been dumped on the riverside in the post-medieval period, to stabilise the area and allow the encroachment of structures onto previously unstable alluvium. The survival of earlier post-medieval, medieval and possibly even earlier riverfront structures further inland is therefore a very real possibility. It is clear that organic and non-organic structures survive well in the alluvial conditions on the west bank of the River Wye, and important palaeoenvironmental information may also survive beneath the modern ground surface. In an assessment of the potential for further undiscovered archaeological deposits, structures and artefacts, the entire area from the castle to southern limit of the study area has been classed as ‘high potential’ (see Figure 2.7). The area of the castle itself has been classified as ‘established potential’, in that the archaeological resource of this area is well understood, and the likelihood of unexpected discoveries being made is remote.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

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to 6

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2 36

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4 1

Figure 2.7: Zones of archaeological potential

110

Stone

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office ÂŠ Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004).

HI NES

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Presby

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31.7m

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(PH)

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Hardwick Court

Ashley House

73.8m

Car Park

33.5m

El Sub Sta

TCB

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Braes

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CAIRD STREET

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Rivendell St Govans

BE AC HL EY

DW IC K

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Mean High Water

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(Day Centre Gwent CC)

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BM 33.68m

Riv

89.3m

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GREEN STREET

BM 67.37m

L HIL

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36.7m

36.3m

39.3m

Orchard House

Silure

33 23

69.8m

Club

1147

Park View

12a

Mayhill

HARDWICK HILL

a rkle La

The Glen

Southleigh

Lower Hardwick

0476

PORTWALL ROAD

E AC PL

Station Industrial Estate

Kimberley

35.4m

er e dg Lo

44.2m

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The Quarries

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Grosmont

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Birch Tree Cottage

Merlin House

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El Sub Sta

BM 76.02m A 48

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Hill

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The Dingle NE LA

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Ribblesdale Electra Bungalow

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L HIL

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Westcombe

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Hill House

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Vauxhall Ridge

The Briars

Coed-C ae Ovida

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Hanover Court

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Fire Station

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18.9m

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7 to

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Car Park

KENDALL SQUARE PL AC

Church

Playground

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A 48

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St M

CHEPSTOW (CAS-GWENT) Castle Dell

48.2m

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Car Park

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Alm r Mon tagu sh ou ses e

Sir W

P (u ath m ) Tower

2300

93 B 42

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2300

93 B 42

26 25

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all

(um )

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vis

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27 28

14.4m Da

s ell w w Ho Ro

SH WEL

Kin gd om

s en Ew

The Mount

St Anne's

Castle Dell

Dell Primary School

Model Cottages

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

3. Newport 3.1 Location and topography Newport is located on the banks of the River Usk, close to the opening of the river into the Severn Estuary (see Figure 3.1). Originally the town was situated on the west bank of the river, but as population pressure increased, the east bank was subsequently settled. The ground rises sharply to the west of the town, in the form of Stow Hill and low-lying hills are also located to the north of the town. The Newport study area is centred at NGR ST 32175 86170, and covers 377.0ha. The historic map coverage includes a larger area of 760.9ha (see Figure 3.2). 3.2 Geology Newport is built on a mixed solid geology of Old Red Sandstone in the north and Keuper Marl in the south. The soils of the area are as yet unsurveyed (SSEW 1983), but will include alluvial deposits associated with the River Usk. 3.3

Historic background

3.3.1 Prehistoric and Roman There is a distinct lack of evidence for prehistoric activity in the Newport area. Within the study area, only one example has been uncovered, that of a human cranium with associated animal bones (00263g), dating to the Neolithic period. However, two Neolithic axe heads (00182g) have also been recovered from Queens Hill, around 650m west of Newport Castle. Additionally, it has been suggested that there may have been a prehistoric ford on the site of the present Newport Bridge (00198g) across the River Usk, however, with scant evidence for such a crossing, this is merely supposition. Roman activity was pronounced in the region, with the major settlement of Caerleon located around 4.8km north of Newport. Within Newport itself, Roman material recovered includes two coins (00163g), cremations (00171g) and an inscribed stone (02836g). Despite this however, no direct structural evidence for Roman occupation in Newport exists. Tradition states that the first settlement in the area was founded by St. Gwynllwg, who ‘was led by a vision in the 6th century to the top of Stow Hill, which dominates the site of the borough of Newport geographically, and there he established his residence and place of prayer and meditation’ (Griffiths 1978, 189). This sanctuary eventually developed into the medieval parish church of St. Woolos (00166g); it is also likely that this was the site of an early medieval flourmill (00193g). A possible early medieval timber boat has also been discovered during the construction of the Alexandria Dock. The vessel has been radiocarbon dated to 1000 +/- 80 bp (Hutchinson 1984, 27). Furthermore, ‘a documentary source records that English merchants frequently went to the mouth of the River Usk in order to trade’ (Rippon 1996, 37). This suggests that there was some sort of trading post present in the 11th century. However, it may have been that boats were simply pulled up onto a convenient riverbank and it does not necessarily mean that there were formal structures constructed on the site.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Figure 3.1: Plan of the Borough of Newport (1750)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Riv er on Us Wy k sg)

ain Dr

Riv (Af er Usk on Wy sg)

(Af

Well Wood

9000

SUMMERHILL

MARSHES

BARNARDSTOWN

Allt-yr-yn

BEECHWOOD

MAINDEE

GOLD TOPS

k Us er Riv sg) Wy on (Af

(A Rive fon r W Usk ys g)

BANESWELL CLYTHA PARK

CAERAU PARK

SOMERTON

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

k Us sg) er Wy Riv on (Af

ST WOOLOS k Us er sg) Riv Wy on (Af

LISWERRY

STOW PARK

Belle Vue Park

Spytty

Pill

r Usk Rive Wysg) n (Afo Town Reac h

n Tow

Reac Usk

River

Old

Doc k Rea ch

(Afon

Wysg)

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Riv

(Af

lly en Gw

Rive

Works

sg)

r Usk

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Re ac h

ll Pi

ck Do

Usk

Reevesland Industrial Estate

River Usk (Afon Wysg)

Works

Caldicot Level

Cold Harbour Reach

Maesglas Industrial Estate

MAES-GLAS

Dr ain

Drain

Works

0075

Stevenson Street Industrial Estate

Drai n

Caldicot Level

Eb wy

)

Dra in

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Riv er

(Af

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fo (A

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n Eb

Ri ve

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(Af on

)

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7.4m B 42 39

in Dra

BM 7.60m

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Water

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6.7m

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Alexandra Docks South Dock Water

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7.0m Mea

n High

Caldicot Level g) n Wys

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(Afo

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Caldicot Level

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Drain

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Drain

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BM 7.45m

Drai n

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Drain

7.3m Drain

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BM 7.73m

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7.0m Wentlooge Level

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k Us sg) Wy

Caldicot Level

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Drain

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Drain

ETL

6.9m

7.3m

Pond

Dr ain

6.7m

Drain

Dra in

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ETL

Sluice

New Dairy Farm

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(Afo

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Fair Orchard Farm

BM 7.01m

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Sludge Bed ac k

Dairy

Drain

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Old

Drain

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Dra in

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6.4m

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Dra in

Drain

Dra in

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Rea

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Dra in

Dr ain ain Dr

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Drain

Caldicot Level

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Dra in

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Caldicot Level

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Dra in

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Drain

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Caldicot Level

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Drain

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nw Reen Morfa-Gro

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Wentlooge Level

Drain

Path (um

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Drain

Drai n

Reen

Drain

New Dairy

Drain

kilometres

USKMOUTH

Drai n

Dr ain

Drain

(um )

Wharf Reen

Drain

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Dra

Dra in

Drain ) (um

Caldicot Level

Drain

Caldicot Level Dr

Drain

ETL

Drain

Dr ain

Drai

Drain

ain

Caldicot Level

Drain Drain Dra

Caldicot Level

Figure 3.2: Newport study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

3.3.2 Medieval It was around the nucleus of St. Woolos that the conquering Norman lords, led by Robert Fitzhamon, established the manor of Stow (00158g), focussed on the motte (00157g), possibly built on an existing settlement site. Exactly when such a construction occurred is unknown, although the first mention of Newport itself (Novus burgus, or ‘new town’) is made in a charter dating to 1132, ‘confirming a gift of 36s. from the revenues of Newport to Montacute priory’ and ‘mention is made of the castle at Newport and the earl’s officials in the borough’ (Griffiths 1978, 189). It was also during this early part of the 12th century that the motte was abandoned and a new castle built near the riverbank (00192g/93389/MM009). It was constructed of timber and guarded the vital crossing point over the Usk, also giving Newport its Welsh name of Casnewydd-ar-wysg, ‘the new castle on the Usk’. At the beginning of the 13th century, the castle was rebuilt in stone, and a moat was dug (which later formed part of the Monmouthshire canal). The moat was formed by the waters of the River Usk, which also provided the power-source for the town tidal mill. The structure was situated to the immediate north of the castle and is mentioned in the town charter of 1385 (Soulsby 1983, 203). The Central Tower of the castle contains an impressive Watergate, or vaulted dock, which opens directly onto the river and would have allowed access to a sizable vessel. This tower and dock was first built by the Earls of Stafford in the late 14th century, and was remodelled between 1436-47 by Humphrey Stafford, First Duke of Buckingham (Knight 1991, 25; 34-35). This indicates that the River Usk was used as an important transport route for supplying the castle, presumably both for people and goods. The town also began to develop as a port, with much of the trade centred around a large inlet known as the ‘Town Pill’. It provided merchants with an excellent, safe harbour, as well as easy access to the town. Indeed, the medieval economy of Newport appears to have been based around trade, such as the import of coal for ironworking, and the export of fleeces and processed cloth (Griffiths, 1978). Evidence of the use of the Town Pill, can be seen in the discovery of the Newport Ship (02339g/307059), and in the presence of the medieval quay (00197g). The early layout of Newport is a fine example of a ‘planned’ settlement, with the burgages dove-tailing with the existing field system of Stow Manor. It is apparent that the growth of the town was steady. A financial report commissioned by Earl Gilbert in 1263 states that Newport ‘contained 242 burgages which brought their lord an annual rent of £12.2s.3½d.’ whilst a post-mortem inquisition on the death of the earl’s son in 1314 describes Newport as ‘a market town (villa mercatoria) with … the 275 burgages generating rents of £13. 15s.2d.’ (Griffiths 1978, 196-98). Furthermore, confirmation of the status of Newport as a borough came in 1385 by Hugh, Earl of Stafford and confirmed by his successor Humphrey in 1427. Hugh also founded the Austin friary (00196g/307857) in 1377, initially on 31 burgages. The new borough’s expansion soon grew beyond the protective walls and began to form a linear settlement along the road between the castle and Stow Hill. Extra burgage plots were laid out and the town became the single trading community of the lordship. Additionally, licenses were sold to allow strangers to trade in the town as chensors, and an annual fifteen-day fair was created when strangers were allowed to trade freely in the castle bailey. Despite this, the castle remained vital to the settlement as it formed the administrative hub, containing the exchequer and treasury.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

However, the economy of the town was said to be devastated by the attack of Owain Glyndwr in 1402. An inquisition post-mortem on the death of Edmund Stafford in the following year ‘returned that the borough of Newport, indeed the entire lordship, was worth nothing to its lord’. The effects of the attack were not short-lived, as can be seen by the account of the mayor, William Berne in 1434-5, who lists ‘sixty one tenures decayed because of the Glyndwr turbulence’ (Griffiths 1978, 204). The accuracy of these reports has been questioned, however (Maylan 1991), and the recent discovery of a large ship of mid 15th-century date to the south of the Town Pill (see 3.4 below) certainly suggests that either the town had experienced somewhat of an economic revival, or that the reports of the town’s poverty were somewhat exaggerated. 3.3.3 Post-medieval The importance of this maritime trade in Newport continued in the early postmedieval period, and the Welsh Port Books indicate trade from the town with other Welsh ports such as Milford, Tenby and Beaumaris, with Bristol and Bridgewater in south-west England, with Dublin in Ireland and with Bordeaux and Rochelle in France (Lewis 1927). However, unlike Chepstow, Cardiff and Swansea, Newport did not merit its own Customs House in this period, possibly suggesting that it was of lesser importance than these other three ports. King James I established a town council in 1623, but the town continued to suffer due to political turbulence, and Cromwell’s attack in 1648 caused significant damage. During the late 18th century, however, the town’s fortunes changed dramatically. As in other towns in south-east Wales, the Industrial Revolution allowed Newport to establish itself as a major trading community. Such a change was facilitated by the construction of the Monmouthshire Canal in 1796 and the railway links, finished in 1850. Coal, iron and timber could then be transported from Newport to any number of other ports, including Bristol. The development of the waterfront continued throughout the 19th century, as can be seen by the expansion of the Monmouthshire Canal to the south of Newport in 1806, also at this time additional wharfage was added along the western bank of the river. Furthermore, in 1842, the first floating dock was constructed, and in 1865 the Alexandria Docks to the south of the town were built. Also, in 1907, the South Dock was opened directly into the Bristol Channel and ‘at the time was the largest Sea Lock Entrance in the world’ (Knight 1998, 106). Unsurprisingly, the booming economy of Newport went hand in hand with a huge increase in population, for example ‘in 1791 there were 750 souls in the borough, and in 1841 there were 13,737 (Griffiths 1978, 217). 3.4 The Waterfront It is clear that the medieval and post-medieval port in Newport was focussed around Town Pill (05087g) (also called Arthur’s Pill in the early 18th century). This tidal creek originally extended much further to the west, and 18th-century plans show it extending as far as High Street. This is corroborated by the discovery of fragments of a boat under a building on High Street in 1928 (05088g). Newport Bridge, located between Town Pill and Newport Castle was first built in 1158-1187 and may have acted as a barrier to further travel upriver by the largest of vessels. It is clear that many smaller ships and boats did continue beyond the bridge however, utilising the Castle’s impressive Watergate and continuing upstream to Caerleon, which functioned as a port into the 19th century.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

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NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD) 1 5 WEDNESB URY STREET

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7.07 m BM

GRANVILLE STREET

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122

110

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25 26

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107 99 100 & 101 95 96 97 94

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139 138 137

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VER

173 155 154 153 152 151 150

149

147

School Primary

St Woolos

St Woolos County Primary School 78 82

BM 39.67m

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BM 44.43m

108

78 9 3 4 5 6

50.58 m

121 117 119

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156a 156

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116

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School Houses

Nursery School

NORTH STREET

2 3 1

St Mary's Court

13 15 17

20 22 24

19 21 23

7 9 11

8 10 12

RN CO

175

170

166 167

St Mary's Presbytery

BAILEY STREET

Garage

26 1

8 12b 12a

MAL

24 30

44 37

14 16 18

45 37

29 21

2 10

18 13b

186 183

179

to 178

STR EET

4 6 8 14 12

16 to 20

STOW HILL

20 to 18

RO AD

ELL

BAN ESW

BLE

21 27

STR EET

WIT T BLE 33

5 51

13a

198 194

190 187

38 35

1 13

7 CAXTON PLACE

7 ALBERT

EET

7 WIT T STR

TERRACE

RAC E TER NEL

3388

174

Wat

to 172

25 26

TUN

STREET

ROAD

30 16

Stree

42 43

Clo

105

145 143 133 135

137

129

56 10

13 15

13 17

PH 7

Duke

170

Mud and

E CLOS BOLT

15 14 16

18 t in Stree Dolph

ET STRE

416

Alma

n Hig

23 24

HEREFORD

14 55

195 16

40a

38a

40a

39 40

481 482

CLY THA

179

67 68

35a

471 472 1

8.7m

Industrial Estate

Mea

MARK

454 455

103 34

STRE

8.45m

WEST

to 24

Car Park

HIN DOLP

STRE

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

RT ALBE

Cha mb

unt y Co

174

105

53 51

1 12

106

ROA D

7 5

8 10

CANAL TERRACE

50 49 47

ET STRE

8.6m

37 39 38 40

1 1a 28

RE ET

Works

KET

442

Works

46 MAR

to 18

441 440

32a

468 470 469

437

STRE

EAST

ROAD

7 to

AL ERCI

1 to6

COMM

Ambulance Station

SOUT

439 438

174

Clinic

ET ET H MARK

Jacks Pill Industrial Estate

29 30

Queen's

191 192

467 466

418 417

19 AVENU

389

Club

Cattle Pens

101 17

MEW

66 64

9.2m

ET STRE

160

ET STRE

Car Park

157

ERS DROV

20.78m

MARK

37 17

WEST

Cattle Market

EET

37 24

43 30

Dea nery

gle

Shin

15 36

109

104

4 6

1 3 5

107

60 63

1 6 14

21 26

9 to

1 7

6 to

1a 1b 34

3 6 9

122

53 110

& 21

Playing Fields

and

WAY

STRE

USK

Mud

MARK

arf Wh

ETL

EAST

k's Jac

LO WE R

Mud

2 5 8

Playing Field

Mud

k r Us g) ve Ri Wys fon (A

High

Reach

GR AH AM

22 23

20 21 19

75 23

Depot

Reac

Town

A 4042

9.1m

ET STRE

2 STR EET

42a 42b

1 to

10 11

1 11

123

390

13 12 35

Cresce

317

6 Friars

BIL

Town

301

k Us sg) er Wy Riv fon (A

A 4042

ROAD

N STO

313

7.6m

Venture Park

er Wat

EET

FRIARS

urc

ETL

Playing Fields

High

STR

CK DO

tist

307

1 4 41 7

Bap

13 7.5m

315

29 45

14 26

EDW ARD

24 36 56

2 14

274

Ch n Roa urc h d

78 W LO

282

206

226 228

288

164

Y WA EET STR

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

7 2b

3 5

140

186

258

264 272 27 2

170

214

ROA

1 36

178

222

266

1 to 5

118 128 132 130 134

168

2 4

2 30

46 34

42 58

64 66

50 52

238

3 23 to

CAE RAU

25 29

19 18

1 2 11

35b

106

66 38

Tunne l

2 8

76 50

T unnel Tunne l

6 58

USK

Chapel

3 8

E LAN

PILLGWENLLY

Mea

k's

Wat

9.14m

JOHN

EGAR

465

38 41

9 32

LLE

STREET

6 8

56 29

15 13

ROAD

46 44 a 44

21 1 7

1 to 5 1

LLANTH EWY

70 2

2 to 4

60 56a

Chambers

ers

STANLEY ROAD

130

1 ROA

13 4

29 39

41 1a

27 33

17a 19

2 to

CAE RAU

108

20 44

26 54

ROAD

90 88

35a

210 220

58 56

HYFR

14 10

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

BRYN

112 110

114

116

128

104

142

136

68 74

38 16

30 18a

1 10

AD RO

ROAD

148 146 144

150

154

6 to 8 14 24 36 38

3 92

122 120 118 132

164

24 2

98 172

198 208

MAINDEE

45 47a

FRYD

32 138

33 a 33

JAC

22 27

2 10

12 26

VER

BRYNHY

120

5 6

ADE PAR

MELLON

143a

114

Cor Bappor tistatio

AL CAN

NVI GRA

107

127

291

Tunn

106

100

130a

130

68 68

Tunne T unnel l

104

ROAD

1 103

285

7.0m

VED

STR

Playground

Mountjoy Gospel Hall

ST WOOLOS

E LAN

102a

32a

MOUNTJOY

VUE

PARK

430 429

EET STR

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

ERRA RUP

Graving Docks, Tithe Map 1845

395 397 396

277

Wharf

Pill

Cattle Market

30m 394 393

275

BM 7.20m

Jac

Warehouse

463 464

390

PILLGWENLLY

STOW

11.

ROAD

BEL

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

435 436

273

2 STR EET

Surgery

Works

TRED

MOU

456 10.7m

7.92 271 m

WIT HAM

Builder's Yard

RRA RUPE ET STRE

ET STRE

180a

7 ET Y STRE NTJO

458 457

Club

10.1m

Mud

ERR

Garage

PLA CE

447 449 448

L POO

PLACE

Roy

445 446

DUCK

EET

m 50.78

MERRIOT

STR

40.3

444 443

EET

Mud

Garage

Masonic Hall

RUP

STR EET

152

4a 5

NUE K AVE

l era r Fun lou Par

265

61 STR

Mud

RRA RUPE

8.8m

l pita Hos l) ent n era Gw (Ge

RIN G

Warehouse

Victoria Wharf

8.8m NTJ OY

261 263

Garage

FEE

Brid

9.1m

LANE

MOU

kilometres

1 1a

STR EET

10.3m

Scrap Yard

Club

7.5m

RUPERRA

Warehouse

HAL LEN

Works

251

ROA

WIL

9.93m

249

POR ATI ON

rge Geo

PLA

A LAN

Club

247 COR

Gloucester Wharf

ion Stat

BM 7.72 m

7.4m

FEE RIN G

CE S

10.4m

HER BER T

EET

237

7.5m

7.87 m

Stre

LL' WE PO

14.7m

AD RO

Belle Vue

PAR

Home for the Aged

in gs Build nal 6 Natio 1 to

SQUARE

The Avenue

IFF

47.5m

EET

9.4m

ce Poli

SQUA

227

7.4m BM

404

STR EET

Depot

KEL

RGE GEO

EET STR

BM 7.43m

STR

Mud

STREET

The Grove

CLYT HA

Burton Homes

CLYTHA

20.2m

0.5

46.3m

Club

87b

FIE LD

High

SOH O

219

Builder's Yard

9.2m

41.2m

Wat

Jacks Pill, Tithe Map 1845

9.3m

EET

AD RO

Mud Rea

n High

P ARK

Club

ST WOOLOS

0.25

Tow n

Pontypool Wharf Mea

LAND

ARS FRI

FRI

Corporation Yard

GORDON

20.7m

The Friars

AD RO

6m BM

LOW

DEWS

QUEEN STREET

25.8m

EET

211

WIT HAM

133

STR

KEYNSHAM

STR

PLA

GEO

ESS EX

207 209

1 to 3 & 7 to 17

FRI DUM

STR

10.32m

RGE

46.6 46

12 51.9m

ET STRE

ROAD

205

94a

AVENUE

PAR K

Mea

AL ERCI

SQUA

9 STRE

St Woolos Hospital (General)

ABBOTS MEWS

Club

DEW SLA 1

BM 48.05m

COMM

St Woolos Hospital

57a

1 to 4 Kingsvale

ST WOOLOS ST WOOLOS

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

5 to

s hard Orc The

38.8m

n Wy sg)

GEORGE

7 KING

sho

r Usk

(Afo

EET STR

15b

STRE

w psto Bi

1 551

Park

to 60 34 e Arcad ) reign (below Sove sway King

IVOR

ROA

ST WOOLOS

Friars Court

y Car

t Cour

Army tion el Salva Citad

P ARK PAR K

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

BM 13.55m

Palace House

4 884

DEW SLA ND

(General)

store Multi

Kear

52 St Paul's

St Paul's Clinic

Clinic

St Woolos Hospital

ST WOOLOS

87c 88

Deanery

T EE D

EA LST

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD-AR-WYSG)

PALM

Severn Terrace

e Arcad

m 60.04

HILL

reign

42b 11.8m E PLAC

Vicarage

Rive

Mud

WA Y

103

STOW

St Mary's Church

7.9m

7 ES FRICE DUMPLA

PARK SQUARE

Cathedral Chambers 116

116a

59.1m

EET

112

PAR

NE OLI CAR

STR

76 76a

Walk

ria Victo

Kingshill Court

120

122

128

134

53.4m

59.6m

Y WA

Sove

42d Ty Palmyra

YRA

St Woolos' Cathedral

37 136

60.6m

K US

144

BM 62.18m

t Stree

Multistorey Car Park

NA L

NE OLI CAR

TCB

Theatre

med

15 to

n Walk Emly

Emlyn Square

Churc

118

ercial

t Zion l Moun Cong Welsh ch Chur

RE SQUA

49.0m

142

Comm

LANE

n Walk Emly

ROAD

56.81m

CLIFTO

58.3m

172

OT 3

US K

15c 15

8a 6 5

PARK

ROAD

BM 62.05m

Squa

TALB

RIA

28 a b

Frost

e hous Ware

LANE

VICTO

d Reforrch Unite Chu

49.83m

55.1m

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

l Hous Fusse

OL SCHO

Car Park

John

2 1

CE PLA

Car Park

15 12 10 11

150

4 3

ROAD

23 AVEN

152

OS STWOOL S OLO

Sunday School

Wat er

13.0m

14 13

54.8m

ET STRE

STR

Water Intake

Issues

EET STR LYN EM

HILL

VICTORIA CLOSE

Queen Victoria Memorial Almshouses Park

(Leisure Centre)

13.4m 24

PLACE

STR EET

MAY

ESS STR EX EET

7.5m

Car Park

33a

14 15

9m 36

STRE ET

GOR DON

177

Club

Centre

VICTORIA

SOHO 45

199

Kingsway

Car Park Posts

Mud

Bridge Square

140a

BM 55.0

PLA CE

35 35a

YOR K

STR IAN JUL

EET

175

Bus Depot

Ebbw Vale Wharf

IBAL D STR

STR

Liv erpool Wharf

Newport Centre

ARCH

LLIP

1 69

High

142

39.2m

Garden of Rememberance

St Woolos Court Lan e

16 COR 3 POR ROA ATI ON D

Mud

Museum Library Art Gallery

STRE ET

PHI

54 ROA

Ramp

th Street Llanar

Bank

Cathedral Court

IBALD

161

143

ARCH

161

Depot

Car Park

Street

Anisa Mews

Depot

EET 7

8 Edw ard

Street

RLES

35 36

BM 38.30m

HYFR

Mud

Dock

CHA

34 13

JONES STREET

22 62

T STREE

30.0m

RUG BY

Primary School

ter

Maindee County

h Wa

ter

Charl

48.4m

Upper

25 26

47 45

40.5m

ROA

Mud

25a 25b

27a 35

BM 34.96m

EET

STR

STR EET

to 18

Club

HAVELOCK STREET

32.0m

156

Club

160

l Stree ercia Comm

Beaufort Terrace

141

(A Rive fo r n Us W k ys g)

Tow Rea n ch

Hall

Church

10 11

ST MARY STREET

BRYN

ch n Rea

13 14

LL BANESWERD COURTYA

133

Bank

Club

39 40

BAILEY STREET

WEST STREET

19C

36 37

Kingsmill Works

174

11 12 7

RD FFA CLY

Surgery

44 45

34.25 m

E LAN

BM 22.82m

52 53

ENT ESC CR

54 55

BANESWELL BM

TER RA

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

24.6m

MIL L

Stow Park Church

15 16

33.9m

KIN GS

BRYNHYF RYD AVENUE

SCARD STREET

29a 29b

VICTORIA CRESCENT

BM 42.73m

60 61

28 29

24 25

JEF FRE

Blaenav on Wharf

t Fros re John Squa

13 14

Eve's Well Court

EET

n Hig

Multistorey Car Park

1 PC s m Friar in 13.44 Aust

's der d Buil Yar

ROA

Mea

Pentecostal Church

171

15 16

HUE N

149

Mud

SCHOOL

BANESWELL

F AR WH

125

Nant-y -glo Wharf

Chartist Tower

St Mary's Catholic Church

Stow House

Club

Car Park

12 14

36 16

Bus Station

Govt Office

Waters Lane

T STREE

31.7m

a 175

Car Park

BANESWELL

20.1m

19 18 39.7m

WEST STREET

Sta

STREET

PUMP

NORTH

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD-AR-WYSG)

163

177

1 2 3 4 NE

33 STR EET

ROA D

1 ROA D

MET

EET

173 159 161

GLE BE

1 EET

RO AD

STR

FOR D STR

48.4m

Tow

CYTHA PARK

CRESCEN T

)

K STRE

DOC

Westgate Hotel

T EE EET T STR EAS

Car Park

35 30

42c

THA

CLYFFARD

sg Wy

ER UPP

BRIDGE

CLY

10 11

157

Rugby Ground Gro und s

123

Queen's Hotel

letic

CO LNE

149

13 RU

por

t Ath

Moderator Wharf

Olympia House

STREET

MET HUE N

New

7 8

COU

139

RO AD

DNE

Clu

4 5

ORIA

137

ROU

RO RO AD

135

LBO

k Us

Street

57 55

VICT

133

MAR

Newport Ship (02339g)

STREET

Bridge Street

Bridge

1 2

10.6m

Garage

131

OR ATI

2 4

STATION 77

73 75 72 74

RO AD

CO RP

27a

16 18

STRE ET

Maindee Baths

129 b

W ROAD

46 45

SKINN

Govt Offices

21 OUG H

STREET

10.1m

William Lovett Gardens

Riv

2 to

fon (A

n Road

SWAY KING

Cambria

EY ROAD GODFR

RO AD

N REAC

High Street

Cinderhill Wharf

ER LKN FAU

PAR K

Town Pill

7 STREET RAILWAY

AD RO

NEY

Water

TOW

Upper Dock Street

Newport Market

CRO WN

129 123 125 127

CHEPSTO

PLA CE

29a

RLB OR

OW RR HA

K OA

117 119 121

109

ING STO

Newport Athletic Club Grounds

Lane

105

LIV

wn 5

E RAC TER

103

15a

High

Cambrian Retail Centre Car Park

Mean

Y WA ENS QUE

Car Park Crown Court

45b

ROAD

ROD

12 13 1312

11 10 8

t Marke

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

k Par Car

Devon House

RO AD

to 4 OSBO MAINDEE (MAENDY) RNE CLOS E

150

BEDFORD

t Stree 17.1m

Mud

11 11 a

DEVO

36a

ROA

17 18

E N PLAC

GOLD TOPS 35 33

ROA

ENTI SERP

Coun

RES F OR D

Town Pill, Town Plan 1762

g's Kin

Police Station

1a 29a

ROAD

D NE

ROA D

OLD GREEN INTERCHANGE

el Hot

t (Ca

ON GRAFT

d Hea

por New

to 6600

ewy

11 13

St Mark's Church

O DFR

Offic

N ROAD GRAFTO

GOLD TOPS

St Cecilia Court

Court

12 18

tion Sta dd)

Stanley Court

Church

2 NSWA Y

Pagefield House

GOLD TOPS

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

STREET

Gosp

SA Hall

ROAD

QUEE

Gold Tops House

23 21

NT VINCE

19 & 20 18

18A

MAINDEE (MAENDY)

London Wharf

Newport Bridge

EXETER

el Hall

MILL

EET

Castle

STRE

East Gate

FIELDS ROAD

TOPS

ROAD ST VINCENT

17 17A

22a

STR

CHEPSTO

QUEENSWAY

PRIN CE

GOLD

W ROAD

cil

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD) PLA

8.1m

BM 10.50m

PLACE

20a

NCE CLARE

Mud

PENTONVILLE

LAREN CE

County Court

Mud

EET STR

L MIL

to 29

Clarence House

1 to 29 Shire Hall

0 8

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

ROA

S HILL QUEEN'

40a 40

T STREE E LOCK

CRESCENT

ST MARK'S

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

12 22

NT CRESCE

'S ARK

TOR FAC

QUE EN'S CRE SCENHILL

It was thought that during the medieval period the Town Wharf (05090g) was situated north of Town Pill and the pill itself was used as a harbour. In 2002, however, the well-preserved remains of a large medieval ship (02339g/307059), provisionally dated by dendrochronology to 1465-1466, were discovered 115m to the south of Town Pill. This suggests that either Town Pill itself was much wider at its mouth in the 15th century than when subsequently depicted, or that the area to the south of the pill was utilised as a ship-building or ship-repair area.

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 3.3: Newport waterfront features

There are clear indications that this was not simply a vessel abandoned on the side of a river or pill, but that this area was deliberately chosen for the landing of the ship. The vessel had been placed upon a series of large oak timbers, which either acted as props or formed a simple cradle-like structure, and deposits of iron slag associated with these timbers may have helped to stabilise the ground surface of the area. This structure was not substantial enough to be considered a primitive ‘dry dock’, and the large tidal range in the River Usk, such a structure would have required substantial engineering. A considerable amount of work then took place on the ship, and a doorsized hole was cut through the starboard side, presumably to permit easy access. Any attempts to repair the ship were obviously unsuccessful and parts of the vessel were probably salvaged before the site was eventually abandoned. Other discoveries from the same site confirm that the area was at least occasionally used for the construction or repair of boats and ships. A group of small compass timbers (partially-worked boat timbers) was found to the south of the medieval ship, associated with local green-glazed medieval pottery. The small size of these compass timbers precludes their association with the large ship, and suggest that other vessels were being built or repaired in the vicinity.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

This area on the west bank of the River Usk was also the location of wharfs during the 18th century, when ferries to Bristol departed from Tredegar Wharf (05091g) and Moderator Wharf. Following the construction of the Monmouthshire Canal in 1796, and its southern extension in 1806, there was a rapid development along the River Usk to the south of Newport town centre. Dry docks were built in 1830, and were extended in 1842 and again in 1888 (05066g). The first floating dock, known as Town Dock, was opened in 1842 (05067g), followed by the Alexandria Docks in 1865 and the South Docks in 1907. Parts of a clinker-built vessel were found during the construction of the Alexandra Docks, and a sample of this wood was returned a radiocarbon date of 1000 +/- 80 bp. By the time the Transporter Bridge was constructed in 1906, the docks of Newport almost were entirely located to the south, near the mouth of the River Ebbw. 3.5 Discussion The alluvial clays of the River Usk produce an anaerobic environment, with a low salt content, providing excellent conditions for the survival of archaeological material. The high degree of preservation of both organic and inorganic material from the medieval ship excavation illustrates the very high potential for further archaeological deposits and features, including palaeoenvironmental information. Any future deep excavations in the area around the Town Pill, therefore, are considered to have a high potential for disturbing artefacts or features associated with the port and its associated boat-building activities. In an assessment of the potential for further undiscovered archaeological deposits, structures and artefacts, the area around Town Pill has been classed as high potential (see Figure 3.4). Although it is clear that the major medieval and post-medieval port for the town of Newport was situated around Town Pill, there is evidence that other pills along the length of the River Usk were also utilised. The boat fragment from the Alexandria Dock raises the possibility that other pills along the River Usk were used as havens from the prehistoric period onwards. Whilst the presence of formal quayside features are less likely at these other pills, the chance find of further boats or ships cannot be ruled out. The areas around Jack’s Pill, Spytty Pill and Pill Gwenlly are therefore considered to have high potential for further archaeological discoveries. Those areas where previous deep excavations will have removed any potential surviving archaeological deposits, for example the modern docks, have been classified as low potential, whilst areas where the archaeological resource is well understood, such as Newport Castle, are described as ‘established potential’. The remaining areas, including the River Usk itself, are described as medium potential (see Figure 3.4).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1 Riv er on Us Wy k sg)

ain

Well Wood

Riv (Af er Usk on Wy sg)

9000

(Af

SUMMERHILL

MARSHES

BARNARDSTOWN

Allt-yr-yn

BEECHWOOD

MAINDEE

GOLD TOPS

k Us er Riv sg) Wy on (Af

(A Rive fon r W Usk ys g)

BANESWELL CLYTHA PARK

CAERAU PARK

SOMERTON

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Usk sg) er Wy Riv on (Af

ST WOOLOS k Us er sg) Riv Wy on (Af

LISWERRY

STOW PARK

Belle Vue Park

Spytty

Pill

er Usk Riv Wysg) n (Afo

Town Reac h

n Tow

Rea Usk

River

Old

Doc k Rea ch

(Afon

Wysg)

PILLGWENLLY

d Ol

ck Do

h ac

Works

Usk er Riv sg) Wy on (Af

lly

Rive

r Usk

Ol d

Do ck

Re ac h

ll Pi

Reevesland Industrial Estate

River Usk (Afon Wysg)

Works

Caldicot Level

Cold Harbour Reach

Maesglas Industrial Estate

MAES-GLAS

Dr ain

Drain

Works

0075

Stevenson Street Industrial Estate

Drai n

Caldicot Level

Eb wy

)

Dra

0061 r Us k

(A fo

Riv er

(Af

Ri ve

fo (A

bw Eb

Riv

(Af

wy Eb

D n

W ys g)

)

0047 Drain

wy ) Riv

Us k

Riv

Wy sg)

Drai n

(Af

(Af on

)

Wentlooge Level

0018 Ri

r Us

0818

fon W

Alexandra Docks ain Dr

Pond

7.4m B

in Dra

42 39

BM 7.60m

Tre deg

Pond

d Mu

Water

Pond

ar Pill

Water Dra

6.7m

in Dra

Alexandra Docks South Dock Water

Duffryn High School

Drain

Tra ck

7.0m Mea n High Wat er Ebb w Riv er

Caldicot Level

g) Wys

Mud Ebwy )

r Usk

(Afon

Rive

Drain

Caldicot Level

Drain

Mea n High

Drain

Wate

Mud

ETL

BM 7.45m

Drai n

Mu d

Tredegar Park

River Usk (Afon Wysg)

ETL

Alexandra Docks Drain

South Dock

Dra in

13.2m

ain

Drain

BM 7.73m 7.3m

r w Rivey) Ebb n Ebw (Afo

Drain ain Dr

7.0m Wentlooge Level

Re en

Dr ain

Dra in

Drain

Po nty-c w

7.0m

Dra in

Dr ain

Drai n

in Dra

6.7m

ain

er w Riv y) Ebb n Ebw (Afo

BM 13.03m

ain

3m y Ree

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ck Tra

Sludge Bed

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6.9m

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k Us sg) Wy

Caldicot Level

Sluice

Drain

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Dra in Drain

ETL

6.9m

Dra in

BM 7.44m

Sludge Bed

Dra in

6.7m

w cw Re en

Drain

Dra in

ETL

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Fair Orchard Farm

ain

Dr ain

Medium potential

Drain

ain Dr

ain

r Usk Rive g) n Wys ch (Afo Rea ans term Wa ge

Dra in

BM 7.01m

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Caldicot Level

0.35

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Dr ain

Dra in

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Drain

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Dra in

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Dra in

New Dairy Farm

Re Old

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k Trac

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Drain

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er )

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kilometres

Caldicot Level

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Dra in

Eb bw fon Riv Eb

Ri ve (A r Us fo n k W ys g)

Drain

Re ac

Drain

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Drain

Wentlooge Level

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Drain

Drai n

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Drain

ain Dr

Drain

New Dairy

Drain

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Drain

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Drai n

Dra

Drain

(um )

Drai n

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Drain

ain Dr

USKMOUTH Drain Dr ain

Dra in

Dra in FB

Dr ain

Caldicot Level

Drain

n Drai

) (um

Drain

ETL

Drain

Caldicot Level

Dr ain Caldicot Level

Drain

Caldicot Level

Drain in Dra

Figure 3.4: Newport zones of archaeological potential

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

4. Cardiff 4.1 Location and topography The town of Cardiff originated on the east bank of the River Taff, where a medieval castle was built on the site of a Roman fort, although the settlement has subsequently expanded to the west side of the river (see Figure 4.1). The east wall of the town ran along the moat, the course of which was subsequently followed by the Glamorganshire canal. The study area for Cardiff is centred on NGR ST 18199 75409 and covers 125.9ha. The historic map coverage includes a larger area of 385.0ha (see Figure 4.2). 4.2 Geology The geology of the Cardiff area is mostly composed of post-glacial gravels, sands and clays. River-borne gravels were deposited to form the terrace on which the city now stands. The alluvial terrace of Grangetown and the docks is composed of silts and clays and was laid down during the Holocene. They contain no economically viable minerals and have never been mined. However, due to a rise in sea level they may overlie buried organic material (Mould 2002, 10). The soils of the area are unsurveyed, but will include alluvium associated with the River Taff (SSEW 1983). 4.3

Historic background

4.3.1 Prehistoric and Roman There is some evidence for prehistoric activity in Cardiff. An early Bronze Age decorated axe head (01723s) was discovered in one of the earth banks of Cardiff Castle, a socketed axe-head (00140s), dating to the middle Bronze Age, was located under St. Mary’s Street and a late Bronze Age hoard (01516s) was unearthed at Ninian Park football ground. No Iron Age material has been found in the vicinity, with the nearest activity being at a hill fort in Caerau, Ely. In contrast, the Roman period saw the construction of a fort on the east side of the Taff, in AD55/60-75. It was formed of earth and timber and covered an area of around 9.6 hectares and controlled the strategic crossing point of the river. It is likely that the structure was a base for legionary auxiliaries, probably numbering around 500, with additional cavalry. A much smaller fortification was subsequently built in AD75-80, and further reduced in scale in early 2nd century. This was replaced by a third fort, displaying an elaborate south gateway. The last of the Roman defences dates to around AD280 and was located slightly to the south, but overlapping the previous structure, finally being abandoned around AD383. Evidence for small scale civilian activity (00107s) is also present in the city, with an excavation on the site of Lloyd’s Bank on High Site, revealing evidence of iron working and pottery kilns. Undoubtedly the most important early medieval site is Llandaff, a monastic site founded in around AD680 and now integrated into the city. There are early Christian churches in the area, although there are significant documentary sources for Glamorgan as a whole, none directly relate to Cardiff. Although there is no archaeological or historical evidence to indicate large scale civilian occupation prior to the 1080s, place-name evidence may suggest there was some settlement activity before this date. The name of Womanby Street is thought to be derived from ‘hundemanby’, a Viking word meaning ‘strangers area’. This suggests that there may have been a trading settlement to the south of the area of the Roman fort during this period, although no archaeological evidence for such a settlement has been found.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Figure 4.1: Speedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s map of Cardiff (1610)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1 NG

RO AD

VII UE EN AV

Coopers Fields

Welsh National War Memorial

CATHAYS PARK

Mansion House

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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Alexandra Garden

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Caerwys House

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New Theatre Friary Gardens

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University of Wales, College of Cardiff (Prifysgol Cymru, Coleg Caerdydd)

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County CouncilOffices

Sophia Gardens

Dock Feeder

Dock

FRI

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Arlbee House

CANTON

Cardiff Castle and remains of ROMAN FORT

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Cardiff Castle and remains of ROMAN FORT

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St Mary of the Angels RC Church

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Bute Park

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

ST RE ET

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National Tennis Centre

RY DE R

WP NE

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Cooper's Fields

Vicarage Works

Eglwys Dewi Sant

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

E OS CL

ROATH (Y RHATH)

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Hotel

Roden Court

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Coleg Cerdd a Drama Cymru

Sophia Gardens

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'S TER

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Caradog House

Welsh College of Music and Drama

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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CATHAYS PARK

University Registry

Courtney House

Glamorgan Buildings

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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Welsh Institute of Sport (Athrofa Chwaraeon Cymru)

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Glamorgan Buildings

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Helmont House

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View

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Co ur t Fire Station

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Central Market

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St David's Hall

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Roof Car Park ES

ST RE ET

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Multistorey Car Park

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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CENTRAL

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

h Co urg inb

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Cardiff Arms Park

Multistorey Car Park

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Depot

Cardiff International Arena (Arena Ryngwladol Caerdydd) (YR

EET

STREET

Multi Car Pk

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DESPENSER

ADAMSDOWN

Rugby Football Ground

Taff River Taf) (Afon

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Cardiff Bridge

PLA CE

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CENTRAL Bute Park

)

St Davids Centre CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CANTON

Cemetery Park

ILL CH

COWBRIDGE ROAD EAST

MOI

Street Station

L RO RA

Y WA

Transport House

Cardiff Queen

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West Lee

AE S)

L EGL HEO

Depot

S FAI WY

RIVERSIDE

Bank

ET RE

Multistorey Car Park

Depot Depot

R ID GE

RE ET

acl ern y Tab wys wyr Egl ydd Bed

Millennium Stadium

ZH FIT ON

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Royal Hotel

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South Gate House

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Ice Rink

Pri

nce

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Tyndall Street Industrial Estate

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ALL

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Litchfield Court

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Wood Street Bridge Works

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RT RBE HE

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(Afon Taf)

Mardy Court

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Elizabeth Maisonettes

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Laboratory

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River Taff (Afon

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Newby Court

Moorby Court

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Moorby Court

Kirkby Court

The Wharf

Warehouse Club

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

Works

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

The Bosun Coopers Yard

Depot

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ATLANTIC WHARF

Hall

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Works

Coronation Park

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BUTETOWN

Garage

Works

Depot

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VIR

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GRANGETOWN

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Works

cho

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River Taff (Afon Taf)

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Works

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Depot

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Depot Warehouse County Hall (Neuadd-y-Sir)

FA OD RH

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Warehouse

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GE OR

Garage

E ENU

GE OR

Works

GRANGETOWN GRANGETOWN

Works

Hall Works Trav

Warehouse

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

CARDIFF (CAERDDYD)

BUTETOWN Islamic Culture Centre

Gripoly Mills AC

Rive

r Taff

(Afo

n Taf) RH

BUTETOWN

OR GE

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Warehou

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Su b Sta

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Atlantic Wharf Leisure

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Warehouse Hosking Industrial Estate

Centre

OR AT

Garage MIN HE

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WA ING L HEM

n Ground

N RO

Recreatio

GRANGETOWN

Wholesale Fruit

Works

Warehouse

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St Paul's Church

GRANGETOWN

Hall Garage Head Post Office 16

rks

H RO AD

GRANGETOWN

CL OS

Cliff Court

STREET

Club

BUTE

Bay Chamb ers

Custom House nn

WEST

ell Hew rt Cou

He alt

NA RT

h Ce

ntr e

Cambrian Buildings

Garage

St Clair

Cory's Buildings

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Clarence Road Bridge

L b Sta

GLYN STEL

Taf)

Cymric Buildings

Taff

(Afon

and Infants School

River

toC

EET E STR CLIV

16A

Warehouse

GRANGETOWN

Grangetown Junior

Warehouse

Garage

PO Mercantile Marine Office

Bakery

Drain

St Paul's (C in W) Primary School

BUTE PLACE JAMES

STREET

Bank Oakley Place

f) Ta

Garage

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

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CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

GRANGETOWN

Riv

BUTETOWN

CARDIFF

Warehouse

fon

Mermaid Quay CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

Garage

(CAERDYDD)

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Dock Offices

Worcester Court

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Dra in

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Warehouse Bai

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Holmesdale Court

Windsor

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Dra

Playing Field

hous

sar

Ware

Gasholder

Techniquest

Royal Hamadryad Hospital

RT H RO AD

GRANGETOWN

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Warehouse

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BUTETOWN

Channel View Recreational and Community Centre

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No 3

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Warehouse Dra in

Gas Works

ParcHamadryad

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River

ou se

(Afon

Taff

Hamadryad Park

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Hamadryad Park Warehouse

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The Marl

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7.6 m

Drain

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AD IUM OS E

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Penarth Flats

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Cardiff Bay Retail Park

(Parc Manwerthu Bae Caerdydd)

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Drains

Dr ain

Warehouse

ot RT

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

GRANGETOWN

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Tanks

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ROAD

0.3

CHANNE L VIEW

Drain s

ain

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Dep

LG AT

Dra

Gasholder

(Afon Elai)

Penarth Moors

Ely River

kilometres

Cardiff Bay Retail Park

(Parc Manwerthu Bae Caerdydd)

Figure 4.2: Cardiff study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue)

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

0.6

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

4.3.2 Medieval Cardiff Castle was founded in the late 11th century by Robert Fitzhamon and utilised the Roman fort as a base for construction. The fortifications began by the building of a motte in the north-western corner and an earthen bank formed above the Roman walls. Due to the unstable nature of the region during this period, the town was quickly defended by the construction of a wall. The first was a wooden palisade, built in the 12th century and additional defences were provided by a ditch and embankment. As early as 1171 Cardiff had grown too large to be encompassed by the wall, however, and there was a ‘new borough ... outside the town of Kardif’ (Rees 1969, 17). Further evidence of expansion can be seen in the fact that by 1262 there were 400 burgages in the town, with a conservative estimate of the population of about 2,000 (Rees 1969, 28). It was during this period of civic growth that both the Dominicans and Franciscans established friaries in Cardiff. The Dominicans’ was founded in 1242 on the west bank of the River Taff, whereas the Franciscans’ was built in around 1280 and located beyond the East Gate of the town. The trading fortunes of Cardiff were closely linked with that of the Lord of Glamorgan, who also held the town and estates of Bristol, and it is therefore likely that a high level of trade existed between the two towns. Cardiff’s maritime trade was of growing economic importance in the 13th century; records dated to the late part of the century reveal that imported goods were subject to a fixed tax and prisage of wine was also levied. Furthermore, a document of 1263 indicates that port taxes formed part of the borough revenues. Officials were appointed to collect these revenues and also to ensure safe navigation of the river. With this level of trade, it seems probable that a river quay was already in existence at this time (Chapell 1939, 15). The successes of the port continued into the 14th century; in 1315 for example, Cardiff is described as a ‘villa mercatoria’ or a town of merchants. A sum of 7s. 2d. was collected by the king’s custodian in 1316 from the ‘tolls of the sea landing-place’ and 2s. 5d. was levied as tax on the sale of timber ‘in the Port of Kaerdiff’ (Chapell 1939, 15). The taxes reserved for the king, i.e. those on wool, woolfells, hides, leather and wine were so important to the Crown that to ensure that their value did not depreciate, trade in such goods was restricted to a limited number of towns; these became known as ‘Staple Towns’ or ‘Staple Ports’. A document dating to 1327 states ‘the staple … shall be held at Shrewsbury, Carmarthen and Cardiff ... and at no other places’ (Chapell 1939, 16), clearly showing the importance of Cardiff as a trading centre. The increases in population were curbed in the 14th century, probably due to the devastating effect of the Black Death. This is reflected in the significant reduction in revenue from tolls, fisheries and mills. However, despite this the town was evidently successful enough to be given a charter in 1340. Such development persisted, even when the entire settlement was sacked by Owain Glyndwr in 1404, except for Crockherbtown. It is stated in the Eulogium Historiarum that the area was spared because of Owain’s fondness for the Franciscan order, whose monastery bordered Crockherbtown Lane (Stephenson 1998, 20). In the 15th century there were further troubles caused by the War of the Roses, and the economy of Cardiff may have suffered. At this time 20 burgages are described as being derelict and ‘yielded no rent’, although at the same time there was development in the town, ‘for houses were being built along the line of the castle ditch’ (Griffiths

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

1978, 118). The lack of port records from the marcher lordships in the 15th century means that the levels of maritime trade during this period are difficult to assess. However, such trade certainly continued, as records from Bristol show that vessels from Cardiff docked and unloaded their cargo, mainly hides, fish, leather and wool, at the quay known as the ‘Welsh Back’ (Chapell 1939, 17). 4.3.3 Post-medieval By the 16th century, the population of Cardiff had declined to around 1345 and the number of burgages had been reduced to 269, but the importance of Cardiff as a port does not appear to be diminished. The Welsh Port Books illustrate that there was considerable coasting and foreign trade into and out of Cardiff during the 16th century; indeed ‘the Merchant Stranger was probably less estranged from Wales than from other parts of the English realm, and less so, too, from the legal port of Cardiff than from the legal port of Milford’ (Lewis 1927, xviii). Sometime before 1559, the administration of the Customs Revenue was reorganised and the Welsh coast was divided into three Legal Ports, with Cardiff being the Head or Legal Port for all ports and creeks between Chepstow and Wormshead (Lewis 1927, ix). Cardiff has its own Customs House, (along with Chepstow and Swansea) and in 1573 10s. were paid for the repair of this building (Lewis 1927, 323-24). The earliest surviving references to a quay in Cardiff also date from the 16th century. A Minister’s Account of 1550 shows William Bonar and Morgan Mathew being tenants of burgages ‘in le key de Cardiff’. Rice Merrick noted in 1576 ‘a faire Key, to which both Ships and Botes resort’, and in 1596, Rice Lewis describes ‘a faire Key and a safe harborowe for Shippinge’ (Chapell 1939, 20). The coming of the Industrial Revolution had a dramatic impact on Cardiff. The huge ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil, for example at Cyfarthfa built in 1770 (Davies 1990, 316), meant that export of iron from south Wales was crucial, and the expansion of this export trade was enabled by the construction of the Glamorganshire Canal. The Canal was built from 1790-1794 and linked the city with the valley settlements. Such export links were further developed with the construction of the Bute West Dock (in the 1830s), and the Taff Vale Railway (opened in 1841). As a result, the population of Cardiff exploded in the 19th century, ‘roughly doubling itself every 20 years from a start of 10,000 in 1841’ (Stephenson 1998, 23). In order to accommodate this vast influx of inhabitants a large amount of new housing was constructed in relatively small areas, resulting in the usual 19th century health and social problems (Stephenson 1998, 23). Despite this, Cardiff went on to become the biggest coal export port in the world. In 1913, when the docks were working to their maximum efficiency, thirteen million tons of coal were shipped in that single year. The town continued to develop throughout the century, until it was granted city status by Edward VII in 1905, and went on to become the capital in 1955. The Cardiff Bay barrage was also completed in 1999, as part of the waterfront development scheme. 4.4 The Waterfront The course of the River Taff has altered substantially over time as the main meander has moved south and west due to natural processes of erosion and alluviation. This can be evidenced by cartographic sources and seen today fossilised in the curve of modern Westgate Street. An approximately 600m long section of the River Taff to the west of the town was then canalised in 1849-1853 for the accommodation of the

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Sub way

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16 13 10

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(Gorsaf Canolog Caerdydd)

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The

HEOL

Offices

Car Park

TY Y TOLL

eet tate ll Str Es nda Ty ustrial Ind

76 77

FEL IN Y

Y FELIN

85 13

1 to

24 26

to 36 32

38 42

44 46

The Coach House

96 95

61 63

109 108

107

106

101

59 55

1 to

53b

LON

BUTETO 15

LANE

et Stre

116

8 to

12 20 19 18 119

118

14 4

Joh n

31 29 30

41 43 39

1 24

26 28

21 to

rland Hous e

Suthe

GRE EN

El Sub Sta

EET STR

32 32a CE

117

ple Tem City The

1 to

PLA

Meridian Gate

ntr ff Ce rdi Ca

ET STRE TY OUSE OMH Y TOLL CUST HEOL

New e Colleg

SCHO ET STRE

Hotel

LAN

ET STRE OL SCHO OL

FAIR

Y STRE

l Build

MAR

L EGLW HEO ings

Hotel

E L MIL

Golden Cross

peria

ian

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Cardiff Centre Trading Estate

13 NEV

53a

EET QU

114

46 6

59 43

ILL E

112

86 8

SL TCB

Golden Cross CENTRAL (PH)

Merid

Hotel

Gate

Works

Hotel

4 3 1

Works

1 to

El Sub Sta New College

Hotel

ings

LANE

Marland House

22 to

14 23

34 94

36 25

31 32

BUT

New College School

it Orb atre The

57 to 59

Build

TER

rial Impe

14 29

16 28 24

2 29

81 67 58

4 18

25 to

42 54

24 36

2 14

STR

RIVERSIDE

Fed Cym era ric Pre tion ss

1 to

FSs

CENTRAL

ERN T WEST GREA

26 E RAC

Ice Rink

PH Club

LANE

56 to

161 36

PLA

1 to 130

17 19

10 12

Clu b

7 to

115 107 to 111

4 8

ERN T WEST GREA

9.4m

GREAT WESTERN

T MEN TCB ANK EMB

131

113 109a

105 39

1 to

4 6

ILL E

65 NEV

18 19

25 26

PLA

11 23

17 to 19

6 8

14 16

e Gar Meth den odis s Chu rch t

Clar

21a

18 20

STREET

22 24

25 21

2 to 4

D ROA ES DGE R-A BRI ES T-Y HAY BON L HEO

BRUNE

32 34

EET

12 11

STR

LLE

15 28

EVI

10 10

to 50

lech Har rt Cou

S Br L TWR

Depot

9 to

m 8.95 BM

am ndh Wy

STREET

Tank

Warehouse

Car Park

Arc

NE OLI CAR

el Hot

ade

STRE

Warehouse 6 to

OLI CAR RYD (ST EET STR

ETT PELL

Pipe Lines D ROA GE -AES BRID T-YR ES HAY L BON HEO

STEPHENSON

Garage

Warehouse

40 41

House

Dock

Hotel (PH)

Llandaff Arcade (Arced Y Llandaff)

IN BR EN Y FFO RD D

er Wat

CANTON

Mitre

38 32

rise Enterp Park Car

Hotel

.75

37 STREE

25 HEATH

2 to

2a 4

13 Hall

44 40

STR

to 50

EET R GA EDE TR

1 to

EET

STREET

STR

TELFORD

50 to 54 10

ANN

8 Y MAR

22 23

Coac

Wr Twr

BM 8.12m

25 2

60 35

86 to

Car Park

AES)

(PH)

PLACE

LANE

S (YR HAYE

FSs

Depot

Multistorey

Wale

DE CROCHE

LOVE

Sta

Cardiff International Arena (Arena Ryngwladol Caerdydd)

Bank

TCBs

BM 10.52m

Silo

PLACE

ILL WAY

Sub

Multi

8.8m

e of Princ

ON HAM FITZ

STREE

DE CROCHE

CHURCH

ET D STRE DAVI

THE

ET STRE

RD DFO

GUIL

eric)

64 to 66 46

Shop

Multistorey Car Park

10.06m

ace

CENTRAL

Car Park

rd Arca Oxfo

s Haye e Hous

e Terr

brok

ICS)

's Mark

Y BAR

David

l Fred

ens

LOCK HAVE

SMEATON STREET

36 6

Pem

Sta

(LON

(Heo

FAIR

to 76 70

TERRACE

Sub

ERIC L ITTLE Multistorey CENTRAL

n Gardrt Gree Cou

EGLW

Street Station Cardiff Queen

STATIO

E LAN

L SIAR (HEO

LAN

38 40 42

EET

LEY WES

EET S STR RLE

37 39 41

STR

CHA

RAC BAR

32 34 36

ARD

SOUTH MORGAN PLACE

EDW

11.01

31 33 35

BM 9.07m

Hotel

FRED

HEOL

Stre

Sta

EET

Street Station

Post

MP 1 5

6 CRES CENT

El Sub Sta

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Cardiff Queen

Ramp

ILL)

erick

Sub

STR

T ROA

GENET PLANTA

Bridge

se Hou

RCH CHU

SIAR

Fred

Ram

rd Oxfo se Hou

MARY

SCOT

Wood Street

Ivor House PH

Car Pk

Posts

wer

NE)

El Sub Sta

Car Park

d Streee Woo Bridg

ET D STRE WOO

Works

chill Chur

RD (FFO

LY (HEO

de Arca

8.2m

Multistorey

9.4m 8.5m

L Twr

Tanks

WAY

4 5

L Twr

Posts

1 3 9.4m

3 to

Shelters

to 88

29 17

5 1

47a

8 to

53 47

1 KINGSWAY

ACE

7 to 9 1

ILL RCH CHU

ROW

n Statio

Masonic Hall

EET STR

Information Centre

nacl Taber ys y Eglw

Hotel

EET

1 to

rd Oxfo

r ddwy Bedy

Old

El Sub Sta

Multistorey

Squa

Bus

9.4m

Job Centre

St David's Link

Roof

ERS BAK

20 21

RT PO

TCB

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Car Park

CENTRAL SQUARE

h and

l edra CathWalk

33 35

Hous

ings Build

ral

of)

es Hay Aes)

9 to

OL Terminal Buildings

David

Court LANE

rse

The

(Yr

(HE

ET D STRE

e St

Cent

39 to 55

Litchfield

29 31

(cou

ade Arc

Bre

Club

TUDOR

to 22

5 to

Engine Shed S Br

et Stre

e nd Marla

STR

L Twr

LANE

4 ET e D STRE 's Hous WOO David

inal Term

BM 6.66m

MP 170.75

Tank

king Wor

eet Str

TEMPERANCE TOWN

MON FITZHA

7.3m

L Twr

ity Trin

onry

HAMP BEAUC T STREE

S Br

26c

23 25

The de Arca (PH)

mas

House

Victoria

Posts LANE

1 to

7.6m

Old

ing 8

LAN7 E

STREET

Wall

Slop

STREET

CLARE

TUDOR

Court

Town

11.5

The Arms (PH)

C ity

T MEN

TCBs 19 20 17

s Shop

BM 9.05m

FIZT 11 HA MO

eet

Thomson House

ge Gara

ANK EMB

TUDOR

S Br

L Twr

eet Str

11.6m

13 11

8.8m

14 The Mews

7.3m Whitworth

31 29

27 al Roy

FSs

2 use eho War

Centre

Carriage Shed

23 21 de Arca

PARK

T 56

gan

Mor

The t Alber (PH)

7.0m

14 68

Castle Arcade

HAM FITZ

24 70 70a

Royal Hotel

s Hous

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

rkin

8.49m

WOO

TCB

e y Lan

28 29

7 to

South Gate House

TCB

Warehouse

Car Park

37 39

Barr

9 10

ds Frien e of Hous ety ing Soci Meet

BRID

TCBs

STRE

10.1m

2 7a

The

7.6m

Walk

12.00

8.2m BM

TCB

Club

7.9m

itan opol rch Metr Chu l d's edra Davi Cath

Library

Ram

Hotel

8.5m

7.0m Playground

) L FAWR (HEO

34 32

Govt Office

Posts

10.1m

Str

Bank

7.0m

Playground

L'S HIL

Batchelor's Monument

FSs

AW Y-C OL-

Stadium House

7.3m

St David's Centre

PCs

EET STR

BM 11.21m

(HE EET STR ON ART WH

Car Park

Posts CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Car Park

K ST

TER E LAT GO

Law Court

8.37

ET STRE

STREET

Sta

6 to

ck Street ic) FrederiFreder (Heol

HIGH

40 38

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Millennium Stadium

CENTRAL

Elgin House

DESPE

dral

Stre

BY) MAN WO

of)

House

1 to 3

T STREE

Richard

HAMP BEAUC

36 El Sub

RIVERSIDE

Engine Shed

9 to de 7 3 to t Arca Stree

urs

Posts

PCs Pla

(PL

ALL LDH GUI

EET

NOR

Helmont House

Way

Hill's

oria

CE PLA

STR

BM 7.95m

7.0m

Sta

Duke

(co

(STR

Edward House Hall

PLACE

d's Davi

St David's Hall

et Stre ) n awl arto l-Y-C Wh (Heo

County Court

Sikh

El Sub

El Sub Sta

WE STG ATE

Hotel

1 to 18

Eldon Court

The Exhibition (PH)

Visual Arts

) ADD NEU

7.9m

Club

Subway

TCBs Posts

BM 10.85m

Quay Wall, Webster 1977

46 7.0m

El Sub Sta

Works

Calvary Baptist Church

7.0m

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

R STREE

62 LB

PARK ROAD

Vict

10.4m

St David's Centre

11.0m

Bank

Millennium Stadium

50a

NSER

17 19

)

South Riverside Community Centre

64a 64 NINIAN

TCB

STREE

CESTE GLOU

78a 78

7.0m

Eglw

Bank

Club

25 21 23

Central Market

LB TCBs

LB ET STRE

Hall

d's Davi Way

Centre For The

Bank

33 Wall

9 11

BM 7.98m

7.0m

PLACE CLARE

16 14

102

Posts 26

BM 7.31m

CLARE

Works

Quay

Y CEI)

Multistorey Car Park

Offices

Government

GARDE

7.6m

RIVERSIDE

R STREE CESTE

BM 7.42m

(Str

Park

RD EDWA

35 37

Town

7.3m

Playground

SER DESPEN

SFIEL D STRE

d dstan Gran

BM 8.08m

GLOU

MAN

BM 8.65m

Despenser Gardens

7.6m NS GARDE CLARE

STR

Clare Gardens El Sub Sta

CLARE NS GARDE

7.6m

17 Cei) dY t (Stry Stree

(STR

Club 25

7.9m

rt lbor Hou oug se h

7.0m

EET K

Club

Cou

Mar

STREET

AGENE PLANT

HIC VET TRE

PLA

68a

STREE

HEN

68b

MAC

NBY

Cardiff Arms Park

7.0m

EET

Club

Cas tle

de Arca 50) to

Par

ys)

et Stre

Car

Club

53 33

DESPENSER

M STREET WYNDHA Sta El Sub

82 STR

Taf)

7.9m

Hotel

CRA DDO CK

te tga rt WesCou

Westgate House nks Hou ome se

ens Que (1

St John the Baptist Church

10.4m

Playground

rch Chu

Hodge House

TCB

Works

94 BM 7.66m

Clu b

Bra

Athletic

108

10 Win dso Hou r se

Athletic Club

7.9m

Garage

Hou wic k se

2 4

6 5 4

Court Jones

Taff

(Afon

BM 8.10m

7.0m

Room

11.6m

BM 12.17m

8 31

Car

Club 7

Bank

10.4m

Brunel H

Car Park

Cinema

CENTRAL

25 19 17 de 15 t Arca 13 11 Stree High

9 7

Auction

Rugby Football Ground

River

NEV STR ILL EET E

Hotel

masonry

STREET

BM 8.40m

Crown Court

Sta

F) ORSA

Shelter

El Sub Sta

Castle ngs Buildi

Grand

TCB

War

ces Terra

Sloping

EET

WOMA

AM TERRACE

BROOK

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

STR

6.7m

Path

COLDSTRE

14 Posts

Dickens Arcade

Court

1 to

View

LEWIS STREET

20 22 24

WYND 7.0m HAM STREE T

21a

Park

19 21 23

Garage 61

120

Ken ilwo Hou rth se

Bank

2 4

8 14 10 to

Club

dstan

Sta

BUR GH

tion ssocia all A Footb of Wales (HQ)

OL ATE STR Y POR EET TH) Cas tle Dun Cou rav Hou en rt se

Gran

Sub

7.6m

Bank

WE STG

(HE

Rag Hou lan se

St Davids Centre

7.6m

13 El

St Davids Centre

n Joh

Town Wall of) (course

Angel Hotel

TCB

The Coldstream Hotel (PH)

9.1m

7.9m

BM 7.77m

132

Centre Hotel

Bowling Green

STREE T

Bui lder Yar 's d

Posts

Pavilion

MARK

BM 8.40m

BM 11.88m

Y CASTELL)

Bridge

7.3m

PLA

144

7.0m

STREET

CASTLE

(HEOL Y CASTELL)

Cardiff

LOWER CATHEDRAL ROAD

33a

Warehouse

STR

ILL E

EET

BM 7.19m

(HEOL

CASTLE STREET

EAST

BM 8.56m

2 4 6

32b

NEV

9.8m

COWBRIDGE ROAD

Argyl Hou e se

1 3 5

7.56

ts MAN DEV ILLE

CENTRAL

Y DUG) T (HEOL STREE DUKE

10.7m

Garage

Pos

Lodge Military Museum

BM 9.72m

BM 9.50m

10.1m

Targe t Ho use

Queb ec

RAWDEN PLACE

ME WS

7.3m

masonr

9 BM

26 28 30

Sloping

Hous e

Posts

masonry

Statue CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Cathe

TCBs 11.6m Military Museum

Castle Green

and remains of ROMAN FORT Bute Park

West Lodge BM 10.73m

Queens

Street rick ic) Frede Freder (Heol

Sloping

Sophia Gardens

Kenn eth Polla Hous rd e

Shelter

7.0m

25 27 29

Path

1 to rave 12 Cou rt

S STRE RLE

2 West

Lodge

Bank

Surgery

1c 1b 1a

TCB

House ville Hostel Mande ion Probat Adult

68 70 72

TCBs

TCB's

Street

Frenhines)

CHA

ROA

St Davids Day Seventh Adventist Church

7.3m

TCB

Well

BM 13.28m

(Heol y

East Gate (site of)

RAL

7.9m

Belg

Portcullis House

Wellington Mews

1 2 4 5 7 8 gton Wellin Court

3 6 9

REET

67 69 71

Well

W est Gate Water

El Sub

Bank

TCBs

43 47 49

11.0m Queen

11.9m TCBs

FA'R (RHOD

y Friar

39 37 39 a

17 13

Bank

CANTON

CE TERRA

TCPs TCPs

LB s Arcade

The

HED

7.6m

CAT

Lodge

COWBRIDGE ROAD EAST

RIVERSIDE

Hall

y Hous ipalit Princ 14

Dominion

Signal Light

Fanum House STATI

gle

Dominions House

Bank

COWBRIDGE ROAD EAST

Posts

Wall of) Town rse (cou

19 to 25

7.3m

6.7m EAST

ROAD

The Capitol

Bank

ings l Build

5 to

or Winds Court

Roya

Shin

Castle Green

Water

North Gate (site of)

Posts 44

El Sub Sta

TCPs

nes) y Frenhi

Odeon Theatre

BM 11.80m

48 to 50

COWBRIDGE

121

(Heol

t n Stree Quee

123

109 107 105

Andrews Buildings

Gorsedd Circle

BM 8.34m

MP 1.25

Wate

El Sub Sta

7.3m

BM 8.56m

Shelte

)

b Sta

103

Cinema

House

Post

TCB

Transport House

7.0m

Y PARC

Bank

El Su

119

s Arcade

Principality House Post

8.2m

Shelte

SOR)

(LON

7.0m

Lee

House

Baltic

West

Caerwys

Park Hotel

Andrews Court

Well

Nursery

TCBs

WIND

LANE

Car Park

m 12.72 ) BM Y PARC

Posts

LANE OWN HERBT CROCK

TCBs

Subw ay

ROMAN FORT

Chy

LANE

TCB

WN HERBTO CROCKLANE

Club

(PLAS

Multistorey Car Park

Grey Friars' Priory

Hotel

Andrew

and remains of

Sta

PL ACE

Y FRIAR

Cardiff Castle

7.3m

Arlbee House

PLACE

THE

Water

Club

RIARS GREYF

Capital Tower

El Sub Sta

PARK

YR BROD

Green

Cardiff Castle and remains of ROMAN FORT

E (PLAS PLAC

PARK

nry maso

BM 13.40m

Castle

BM 22.82m

Car Park

Sta

11.6m

TYR

ing

HEOL

Slop

BM 19.78m

SM Well

OR WINDS

Bank

Sub

Site of 8.2m

Multistorey

E PLAC

WINDS

Sub

12.2m

(Dominican)

12.78m

onry

(um)

mas

Post

GREYFRIARS ROAD

7.3m

City United Reformed Church

BM 12.8m

Dock F eeder

Park House 1

Club

RIES DUMF

ing

Path

Slop

New Theatre

Statue

Feeder

TCB

7.0m

House

Offices

County Council

Statue

Friary Gardens

Dock

BM 9.27m

Priory

ood

30 to

11.6m

13.3

7.9m

7.0m

ple Tem rt Cou

Hayw

Dock Feeder

D Fn

7.3m

El Sub Sta

13.22m

Tennis Courts

Car Park

7.9m

BM 8.43m

CRESCENT

D Fn

Well

Path

STREET HAMILTON

TCBs

Subway

onr

ff r Ta f) Rive Ta fon (A

mas

kilometres

2 12 24

NT SCE

AD RO

Tennis Court

ing

Sophia Gardens

El Sub Sta

7.6m

CRE

SE R STRAS GARTE STUTT

Tennis Courts

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Slop

BM 7.64m 7.6m

7.9m

W'S

RTH NO

gle Shin

STREET

TALBOT

Statue

BOULEVARD de NANTES

TCBs Club

Tennis Court

Bute Park

Path

BM 7.65m

12 24

Monument

Statue

National Tennis Centre

Cooper's Fields

0.4

8.5m

K LANE

Posts

Tennis Court

Statue

ROA

BM 8.48m

Talbot Place

ANDRE

PAR

House

e Bridg Foot

m 12.45

Oakleigh House

Bowling Green

7.3m

0.2

K WAL THE

7.3m

Feede

L RA HED CAT

EE T

Oakleigh Bute Park

Dock

BM 8.28m

7.9m STR

LANE

12.8m

7.0m

TCB

Vicarage

RY DE R

Eglwys Dewi Sant

Gardens

FSs

7.6m

8.5m

Hotel

PIT MA

PLACE

Con

Hou nau l-l2 se ght &l4

Gorsedd

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Law Courts

Post

8.2m

PH SO

Works

PARK

ts Pos

masonary

ry g mason

Statue

Car Park

Tennis Court

OSE CL

Slopin

Sloping

Gree ing r Bowl Club and

Indoo

Indoor Bowling Green and Club

BM 9.13m

13.1m

Wa hia Sop

Stones

BM 13.61m

Hotel

BM 13.51m

ce Poli

12.2m

rs arte dqu Hea

Sophia Gardens

8 9

Hot el

Hotel 94

8.2m

7.9m

EW'S ANDR

Hom

railway (Sanders 2003). Figure 4.3 to Figure 4.8 show this changing course of the river between 1610 and 1876.

bus

HERB

Walk

Colum

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

6 11

ST RE

Vic

4 11

ark

Bank 10.4m

2 11 9 10 8 10 7 6 10

The Co Houseach

101

98 97

96 95

76 77

90 5 7

1 to

53b 53a

84 83

62 (P

LANE 64

1 to

T REE Y ST MAR ST IR FA YS LW L EG HEO ings uild lB ria pe Im

57 to 59

Hotel

RN ESTE

Multistorey Car Park

yn W

E) LIN RO CA

b Clu

9.4m 21

Car Park

56 to

22 to

din uil lB ria pe

NT ME B TC

1 to 21

Offices

t ee Str o d dge Wo Bri

CENTRAL

Hotel El Sub Sta

n at io s St Bu and ach Co

A MB

E RE

are qu

Club

El Sub Sta

TW GREA

ildin

RN LANE

inal

Marland House

NE MO

REET

Car Park

lS tra Cen

D OO

Multistorey CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

ET RE ST

Term

CENTRAL SQUARE

A ZH FIT

Terminal Buildings

LA NE

OD WO

use

TCB

ESTE

Ho d's

s vid Da

7.6m

Silo

GREAT WESTE

1 to

Works

40 41

EE TR

OTT SC

ST NET TAGE PLAN

0.1

kilometres Litchfield Court

to 18

S OD WO

se ou dH rlan Ma

E LIN RO CA

E TR

8.2m

W EAT GR

18 17

M ON 7 LA NE

ales fW eo nc (PH) Pri

19 20

FIZ 11 TH A

0.05 7.3m

BM 9.05m

39 to

8.8m

TCBs

ns de Gar en ourt Gre C

ET RE ST

Thomson House

e ag Gar

Lan

Old y e r Th ewe Br

FSs

TEMPERANCE TOWN

7.6m

LA AMON

26b

The rt AlbeH) (P

ry on

FITZH

28 26c

13 11

South Gate House

mas

Sta

CK LO VE

ping Slo

T EN KM

AN RK PA

9 10

31 29 27 ade 25 l Arc ya Ro

MB NE MO Posts

8.5m

17 rg 15 Mo

Royal Hotel

EET

A ZH

7.9m

m 8.37

TCBs

e e Th us Mews ho are W

7 to

m 8.49

Law Court

7.9m

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

23 21 e 19 rcad A an

Slip? 31

IR FA YS GLW LE

50 BM

8.2m

Stadium House

FIT

52 50a

ACE ER PL

Bar

28 29

56 3 1 to use rd Ho Richa REET

ST NET TAGE

Millennium Stadium

rig's St Dyf se Hou

a 27

rd Edwa e Hous

Millennium Stadium

Govt Office LB

37 9 3

Wharfs? 25

County Court

Government Offices

Club

b Su

)

R) TE W

EO TH EE TR YS AR

TE LA

R PO

O G

M ST

Y PH

Hotel

20 21

Club

ET RE ST

ON RT HA

Elgin House

L) AW

AC PL

-C L-Y EO

A DH

IL GU

D UA

W RO

ST RE ET

ES TG AT

Club

S LA (P

Batc Mon

FSs

El Sub Sta

Hall

BM 11.21 ce

7.9m

EO (H

Hotel

Pla

R KE BA

nd sta nd

PCs ria

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Gra

9 to

Hodge House

Cardiff Arms Park

t ee Str awl) n PC rt o Y-C ha eol(H

QU AY

Quay Wall (00906s) 14

Bank

Multistorey Car Park

Athletic Club

BM 8.65m

Ca rP

Taff River Taf) (Afon

Athletic Club

7.9m rt

b Ho oro us ugh e

ry mason

Rugby Football Ground

Co u

M arl

m e

es ay e H es) Th r A (Y

RAL

oping

Figure 4.3: River Taff as shown on Speed’s map of 1610

RS DE UN

AD RO

CENTRAL SQUARE

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.4: River Taff as shown on the Bute Estate map of 1824

6 11

ST RE

Quay Wall (00906s)

Vic

4 11

ark

Bank 14

2 11

9 10 8 10

The Co Houseach

101

98 97 96

59 55

84 83

62 (P

76 77

95 5 7

1 to

53b 53a

T REE Y ST MAR ST IR FA YS LW L EG HEO ings uild lB ria pe Im

Hotel

LANE

Multistorey Car Park

1 to

57 to 59

RN ESTE

46 10

yn W

LIN

TW GREA

NT ME B TC

9.4m

RS DE UN SA

Car Park

Hotel b Clu

56 to

22 to

48 ST

Offices

t ee Str o d dge Wo Bri

CENTRAL

El Sub Sta

RN LANE

A MB

n atio s St Bu and ach Co

are qu

E RE

al S entr

Marland House

REET

Car Park

A ZH FIT

gs ildin Bu inal

Club

El Sub Sta

Multistorey CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

D OO

CENTRAL SQUARE

LIN

din uil lB ria pe

Terminal Buildings PC PC

use

LA NE

O WO

s vid Da

T EE TR DS

TCB

ESTE

vid'

Term

W 4

1 to 21

se ou

GREAT WESTE

us s Ho

kilometres

dH rlan Ma

Works

40 41

EE TR

AD RO

7.6m

0.1

7.3m

Litchfield Court

1 to

Silo

8.2m

W EAT GR

S OD WO

OTT SC

0.05

39 to

19 20

18 17

BM 9.05m TCBs

FIZ 11 TH AM ON 7 LA NE

ales fW eo nc (PH) Pri

LA AMON

ST NET TAGE PLAN 26b

17 16

TEMPERANCE TOWN

FITZH

28 26c

8.8m

Thomson House

e ag Gar

ry on

South Gate House

Old y e r Th ewe Br

FSs

9 10

ET RE ST

mas

7.6m

de G ar en ourt Gre C

CK LO VE

ping Slo

T EN KM

RK PA

8.5m

EET

13 11

The rt AlbeH) (P

Posts

e e Th us Mews ho are W

31 29 27 ade 25 l Arc ya Ro

Royal Hotel

7.9m

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

7.9m

TCBs

MB NE MO 8.37

m 8.49

Law Court

A ZH

IR FA YS GLW LE

FIT

50a

ACE ER PL

8.2m

Stadium House

Lan

28 29

23 21 e 19 rcad A 17 an rg 15 Mo

13 7 to

56 3 1 to use rd Ho Richa REET

ST NET TAGE

Millennium Stadium

rig's St Dyf se Hou

ry Bar

a 27 25

rd Edwa e Hous

Millennium Stadium

PH 25

Govt Office

Government Offices

37 9 3 35

Sta

County Court

Club

b Su

)

EO TH EE TR YS AR

TE LA

R) TE W

R PO

O G

M ST

Y PH

7 10

6 10

Hotel

20 21

Club

ET RE ST

to 18

ON RT HA

Wharfs?

Elgin House

S LA (P

AC PL

A DH

L) AW

W RO

IL GU

-C L-Y

ST RE ET

R KE BA

El Sub Sta

ES TG AT

Batc Mon

FSs 8

Club

Hall

BM 11.21 ce

7.9m

) DD

EO (H

Hotel

Pla

nd sta nd

PCs ria

9 to

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Gra

10.4m Hodge House

Cardiff Arms Park

t ee Str awl) n PC rt o Y-C ha eol(H

QU AY

19 15

Bank

Ca rP

Athletic Club

Multistorey Car Park

BM 8.65m

Taff River Taf) (Afon

Rugby Football Ground Athletic Club

7.9m rt

b Ho oro us ugh e

ry mason

Co u

M arl

m e

es ay e H es) Th r A (Y

RAL

oping

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

AD RO

CENTRAL SQUARE

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

6 11

ST RE

Vic

4 11

ark

Bank 10.4m

2 11

9 10 8 10 7 10

The Co Houseach

101

98 97 96

78 76 77

62 62

T REE Y ST MAR ST IR FA YS LW L EG HEO ings uild lB ria pe Im

Hotel

0.05

89 5 7

59 55

53a

1 to

53b

1 to

57 to 59

46 6

LIN

yn W

7 53

6 YD

0.1

kilometres

22 to

8 S

b Clu

Multistorey Car Park

Car Park

56 to

9.4m

LANE

NT ME B TC

t ee Str o d dge Wo Bri

Hotel

Offices

CENTRAL

RN ESTE

A MB

n atio s St Bu and ach Co

E RE

are qu

Club

El Sub Sta

RN LANE

gs ildin Bu inal

Marland House

REET

1 to 21

lS tra Cen

Car Park

ET RE ST

Term

D OO

Multistorey CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

LIN

din uil lB ria pe

CENTRAL SQUARE

Terminal Buildings

TW GREA

OD WO

use

LA NE

us Ho

TCB

ESTE

s vid'

s vid Da

GREAT WESTE

A ZH FIT

AD RO

ST NET TAGE PLAN

Works

to 18

EE TR

OTT SC

1 to

Silo

S OD WO

se ou dH rlan Ma

E TR

8.2m

W EAT GR

18 17

7.6m

12 4

Litchfield Court

40 41

19 20

39 to

BM 9.05m TCBs

M ON 7 LA NE

ales fW eo nc (PH) Pri

FIZ 11 TH A

7.3m

Thomson House

e ag Gar

LA AMON

26b

8.8m

FSs

TEMPERANCE TOWN

FITZH

28 26c

Old y e r Th ewe Br

ry on

7.6m

de G ar en ourt Gre C

mas

ET RE ST

8.5m

Sta

CK LO VE

ping Slo

T EN KM

AN RK PA

The rt AlbeH) (P

South Gate House

EET

13 11

Royal Hotel

Posts

9 10

e e Th us Mews ho are W

31 29 27 ade 25 l Arc ya Ro

MB NE MO

7.9m

TCBs

7.9m

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

17 rg 15 Mo

m 8.49

Law Court

A ZH 8.37

IR FA YS GLW LE

8.2m

Stadium House

FIT

50a

ACE ER PL

23 21 e 19 rcad A an

13 7 to

56 3 1 to use rd Ho Richa REET

ST NET TAGE

Millennium Stadium

rig's St Dyf se Hou

Lan

28 29

rd Edwa e Hous

Millennium Stadium

ry Bar

a 27

Govt Office

Government Offices

37 9 3 35

PH 25

County Court

Club

b Su

)

R) TE W

EO TH EE TR YS AR

TE LA

R PO

O G

M ST

Y PH

6 10

Hotel

20 21

Club

ET RE ST

ON RT HA

Elgin House

L) AW

AC PL

-C L-Y EO

A DH

IL GU

D UA

W RO

ST RE ET

ES TG AT

Club

S LA (P

Batc Mon

FSs

El Sub Sta

Hall

BM 11.21 ce

7.9m

EO (H

Hotel

Pla

R KE BA

nd sta nd

PCs ria

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Gra

9 to

Hodge House

Cardiff Arms Park

t ee Str awl) n PC rt o Y-C ha eol(H

QU AY

Bank

Quay Wall (00906s)

Multistorey Car Park

Athletic Club

BM 8.65m

19 Ca rP

Taff River Taf) (Afon

Athletic Club

7.9m rt

b Ho oro us ugh e

ry mason

Rugby Football Ground

Co u

M arl

m e

es ay e H es) Th r A (Y

RAL

oping

Figure 4.5: River Taff as shown on the Wood’s 1830s Plan of Cardiff

RS DE UN

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CENTRAL SQUARE

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.6: River Taff as shown on the map of the Port of Cardiff of 1849

6 11

ST RE

Quay Wall (00906s)

Vic

4 11

ark

Bank 14

2 11

9 10 8 10

The Co Houseach

101

98 97 96

78 76 77

62 62

T REE Y ST MAR ST IR FA YS LW L EG HEO ings uild lB ria pe Im

59 55

84 13

95 5 7

1 to

53b 53a

57 to 59

1 to

46 to

LIN

yn W

LANE

0.05

0.1

kilometres

9.4m

RS DE UN SA

Car Park

RN ESTE

NT ME B TC

t ee Str o d dge Wo Bri

Hotel

Offices

Multistorey Car Park

56 to

22 to

6 49

Hotel b Clu

TW GREA

A MB

n atio s St Bu and ach Co

are qu

E RE

al S entr

CENTRAL

El Sub Sta

RN LANE

gs ildin Bu inal

Marland House

Car Park

Club

El Sub Sta

Multistorey CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

A ZH FIT

REET

D OO

CENTRAL SQUARE

LIN

din uil lB ria pe

Terminal Buildings PC PC

use

T EE TR DS

LA NE

O WO

s vid Da

vid'

TCB

ESTE

us s Ho

Term

se ou

GREAT WESTE

12 4

1 to 21

40 41

dH rlan Ma

AD RO

Works

EE TR

OTT SC

1 to

Silo

8.2m

W EAT GR

S OD WO

7.3m

39 to

19 20

18 17

7.6m

ales fW eo nc (PH) Pri

LA AMON

BM 9.05m TCBs

FIZ 11 TH AM ON 7 LA NE

Litchfield Court

17 16

8.8m

Thomson House

e ag Gar

ST NET TAGE PLAN 26b

TEMPERANCE TOWN

FITZH

28 26c

ry on

South Gate House

Old y e r Th ewe Br

FSs

9 10

ET RE ST

mas

7.6m

de G ar en ourt Gre C

CK LO VE

ping Slo

T EN KM

RK PA

8.5m

EET

13 11

The rt AlbeH) (P

Posts

e e Th us Mews ho are W

31 29 27 ade 25 l Arc ya Ro

Royal Hotel

7.9m

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

7.9m

TCBs

MB NE MO 8.37

m 8.49

Law Court

A ZH

IR FA YS GLW LE

FIT

50a

ACE ER PL

8.2m

Stadium House

Lan

28 29

23 21 e 19 rcad A 17 an rg 15 Mo

13 7 to

56 3 1 to use rd Ho Richa REET

ST NET TAGE

Millennium Stadium

rig's St Dyf se Hou

ry Bar

a 27 25

rd Edwa e Hous

Millennium Stadium

PH 25

Govt Office

Government Offices

37 9 3 35

Sta

County Court

Club

b Su

)

EO TH EE TR YS AR

TE LA

R) TE W

R PO

O G

M ST

Y PH

7 10

to 18

6 10

Hotel

20 21

Club

ET RE ST

ON RT HA

Elgin House

S LA (P

AC PL

A DH

L) AW

W RO

IL GU

-C L-Y

ST RE ET

R KE BA

El Sub Sta

ES TG AT

Batc Mon

FSs 8

Club

Hall

BM 11.21 ce

7.9m

) DD

EO (H

Hotel

Pla

nd sta nd

PCs ria

9 to

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Gra

10.4m Hodge House

Cardiff Arms Park

t ee Str awl) n PC rt o Y-C ha eol(H

QU AY

19 15

Bank

Ca rP

Athletic Club

Multistorey Car Park

BM 8.65m

Taff River Taf) (Afon

Rugby Football Ground Athletic Club

7.9m rt

b Ho oro us ugh e

ry mason

Co u

M arl

m e

es ay e H es) Th r A (Y

RAL

oping

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

AD RO

CENTRAL SQUARE

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

6 11

ST RE

Vic

4 11

ark

Bank 10.4m

2 11

9 10 8 10 7 10

The Co Houseach

101

98 97 96

78 76 77

62 62

T REE Y ST MAR ST IR FA YS LW L EG HEO ings uild lB ria pe Im

Hotel

0.05

89 5 7

59 55

53a

1 to

53b

1 to

57 to 59

46 6

LIN

yn W

7 53

6 YD

0.1

kilometres

22 to

8 S

b Clu

Multistorey Car Park

Car Park

56 to

9.4m

LANE

NT ME B TC

t ee Str o d dge Wo Bri

Hotel

Offices

CENTRAL

RN ESTE

A MB

n atio s St Bu and ach Co

E RE

are qu

Club

El Sub Sta

RN LANE

gs ildin Bu inal

Marland House

REET

1 to 21

lS tra Cen

Car Park

ET RE ST

Term

D OO

Multistorey CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

LIN

din uil lB ria pe

CENTRAL SQUARE

Terminal Buildings

TW GREA

OD WO

use

LA NE

us Ho

TCB

ESTE

s vid'

s vid Da

GREAT WESTE

A ZH FIT

AD RO

ST NET TAGE PLAN

Works

to 18

EE TR

OTT SC

1 to

Silo

S OD WO

se ou dH rlan Ma

E TR

8.2m

W EAT GR

18 17

7.6m

12 4

Litchfield Court

40 41

19 20

39 to

BM 9.05m TCBs

M ON 7 LA NE

ales fW eo nc (PH) Pri

FIZ 11 TH A

7.3m

Thomson House

e ag Gar

LA AMON

26b

8.8m

FSs

TEMPERANCE TOWN

FITZH

28 26c

Old y e r Th ewe Br

ry on

7.6m

de G ar en ourt Gre C

mas

ET RE ST

8.5m

Sta

CK LO VE

ping Slo

T EN KM

AN RK PA

The rt AlbeH) (P

South Gate House

EET

13 11

Royal Hotel

Posts

9 10

e e Th us Mews ho are W

31 29 27 ade 25 l Arc ya Ro

MB NE MO

7.9m

TCBs

7.9m

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

17 rg 15 Mo

m 8.49

Law Court

A ZH 8.37

IR FA YS GLW LE

8.2m

Stadium House

FIT

50a

ACE ER PL

23 21 e 19 rcad A an

13 7 to

56 3 1 to use rd Ho Richa REET

ST NET TAGE

Millennium Stadium

rig's St Dyf se Hou

Lan

28 29

rd Edwa e Hous

Millennium Stadium

ry Bar

a 27

Govt Office

Government Offices

37 9 3 35

PH 25

County Court

Club

b Su

)

R) TE W

EO TH EE TR YS AR

TE LA

R PO

O G

M ST

Y PH

6 10

Hotel

20 21

Club

ET RE ST

ON RT HA

Elgin House

L) AW

AC PL

-C L-Y EO

A DH

IL GU

D UA

W RO

ST RE ET

ES TG AT

Club

S LA (P

Batc Mon

FSs

El Sub Sta

Hall

BM 11.21 ce

7.9m

EO (H

Hotel

Pla

R KE BA

nd sta nd

PCs ria

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Gra

9 to

Hodge House

Cardiff Arms Park

t ee Str awl) n PC rt o Y-C ha eol(H

QU AY

Bank

Quay Wall (00906s)

Multistorey Car Park

Athletic Club

BM 8.65m

19 Ca rP

Taff River Taf) (Afon

Athletic Club

7.9m rt

b Ho oro us ugh e

ry mason

Rugby Football Ground

Co u

M arl

m e

es ay e H es) Th r A (Y

RAL

oping

Figure 4.7: River Taff as shown on the map of the Port of Cardiff of 1855

RS DE UN

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CENTRAL SQUARE

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.8: River Taff as shown on the OS 1st edition map of 1876

The changing course of the River Taff has to be considered when locating the medieval and post-medieval port in Cardiff. Two sites are known from documentary sources, Blunch Gate (00113s) on the site of modern Quay Street and the Golyate or

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Lesser quay (00864s). The town plan of 1828 shows a third quay, labelled ‘The Old Quay’ between Blunch Gate and Golyate (see Figure 4.9). The Blunch Gate was a slip or quay mentioned in an account of 1552, which stated that it was a great expense to the town and required constant maintenance, and had been rebuilt three times in the previous twenty years, suggesting it had been there since at least 1532. However, it is almost certain that some sort of quay existed before this period, indeed charges for the maintenance of the ‘keye’ had been charged against the Corporation for ‘tyme out of mynde’ (Chapell 1939, 20). Whilst the quay was the only landing place noted by the 1685 Commission, from 1698 onwards vessels were permitted to berth on the riverbanks. This was due to larger craft being unable to reach the quay during neap tides or if the river flooded (Chapell 1939, 28). The problem was compounded in the 18th century by the quay itself falling into a poor state of repair, and by inadequate dredging (Chapell 1939, 53) and Blunch Gate was ordered to be demolished in 1875. 6 11

ST RE E Q UA Y

BM 8.65m

Multistorey Car Park

Quay Wall (00906s) Bank

Blunch Gate (00113s)

10.4m

8 10

RT HA

L EO

Hotel

101 R) TE

97 96

WY GL LE

O HE A IR SF

Millennium Stadium

kilometres

Office Town Plan 1828 The Golate,

ET TRE

Govt

Government Offices

YS AR

TE LA

W G

) TH

M ST

R PO

County Court

0.06

Elgin House

0.03

E RE ST

20 21

ST RE E

7 10

The Old Quay, Town Plan 1828

L AL DH IL U G

2 11 9

L EO (H

Club

L (P

Club

AT E

E AC PL

El Sub Sta

ES TG

) DD UA NE

8 o1 9t

Hodge House

7.9m

Bank

s PC

4 11

1 19

Pa r

Ca r

Co ur t ar lb Ho oro u us g e h

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.9: Location of quays along Westgate Street

During deep excavations for a multi-storey car park in 1973-1974 (00906s), three fragments of walling were discovered, one of which was 1.2m wide at the base and survived to a height of 3.57m (Webster 1977, 88-115). These structures are almost certainly associated with the quay at Blunch Gate, and the arrangement may suggest they represent parts of a slipway. The location of these wall fragments has been plotted (Figure 4.10) and correlate well with the quay or ‘Key’ depicted on Speed’s Map of 1610.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

9 11 8 11

7 11

I) CE

Bank LB TCBs

Q UA

ST RE

DY RY (ST

Multistorey Car Park

Bank

s PC

4 11

Ca nk st s le Club us o m 7.9m Co 25 e e ur t M ar lb BM 8.65m Ho oro us ug e h

a Qu 13

Clu b

ei) YC

The m s Ar City (PH)

Westgate House

d try t (S ee r t S

Club

) BY

e at tg t es our W C

AN OM W

) of Cl u 11 b

e rs 10

YD TR

Quay Wall, Webster 1977

Ca rP ar k

Bank

10.4m Hodge House

0.025

0.05 Club

AT E

kilometres

L AL DH L I GU

A PL

LA (P

2 11

ES TG

8 10

El Sub Sta

D UA NE

9 10

7.9m

Elgin House

ST RE ET

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.10: Detail of quay wall excavated by Webster (1977)

The construction of Glamorganshire Canal in 1790-1794 heralded a major change to the layout of Cardiff, which continued with the construction of the Bute West Dock in the 1830s and the Taff Vale Railway, which opened in 1841. This redevelopment, triggered by the Industrial Revolution, led to the explosion of population and, again like Newport, the complete movement of the modern docks away from the centre of the town and towards the sea. J Indus

Quay Wall (00906s)

ADAMSDOWN

Taf)

Taff

(Afon

River

Cardiff Arms Park

CENTRAL Depot

The Old Quay, Town Plan 1828 Depot Depot

RIVERSIDE

The Golate, Town Plan 1828

River Taff (Afon Taf)

Bute East Dock

River Taff (Afon Taf)

SALTMEAD

Brewery

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

River Taff (Afon Taf)

BUTETOWN

Wharfs, Port of Cardiff 1855 GRANGETOWN

BES SEM ER

Dep ot

0.35

Centre

Wholesale Fruit

Slip?, Tithe Map 1843 River

Taff

(Afon

Taf)

Wharfs, Port of Cardiff 1849 0.7

Slips?, Tithe Map 1843

16A toC

GLYNS TELL

CLO SE

GRANGETOWN

kilometres

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.11: Cardiff waterfront features from Tithe and Port maps (overview)

170

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

24 30

to 16

47 55

Tennis Courts

Works

Wharfs, Port of Cardiff 1855

161

Works

152

Warehouse

54 62

63 71

Works

HANN

Warehouse

70 78

Hannah Street Church

Scrap Yard

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

re Cent

Islam

Works

Depot

2 8 14

BUTETOWN ure ic Cult

ET STRE

Y NR HE ET STRE

Works

4 6

12 18

e Arab Centr unity mm Co

Islamic Culture Centre

ICE AL

Slip?, Tithe Map 1843

STRE ET 46

e ag

(Afo n Ta

ar G

Taff

River

152

162 16

31 37 43

35 41 45 33 39 47

Works

174 28

10 14

Posts

Hosking Industrial Estate

17 8 18 2

17 6 18 0

Outfall

W ES T

CLO

Posts

4 18

6 18

Posts

Path

k and

RO AL LS

Cycle Trac

22 22 0 4

22 22 2 6

GRANGETOWN

8.2m

18 19 8 2

19 19 0 4 19 20 6 0 19 8

20 4 20 8

20 6 21 0 21 21 2 6

21 21 4 8

MOUNT

STU ART

SQUAR E

22 8 23 2

24 6 25 0

23 2

8.5m

24 24 4 8

23 24 6 0

23 24 8 2

7.85m

20 21 8

Cita SA de l

Taff River Taf) (Afon

23 0 23 4

TE RRA CE

20 2

39 26 26 0 4

25 2 25 6

23 3

26 26 2 6

25 4 25 8

0.1

kilometres

Track

8.48 m

El Sub Sta

Slips?, Tithe Map 1843

26 8 27 2

27 28 6 0

29 8 30 2 EN

27 0 27 4

27 28 8 2

NKM

7.9m

0.05

Ground

31 2 31 6

WEST

Works 30 30 4 8

TA FF

5 ck

31 4 31 8

Tra

Wharfs, Port of Cardiff 1849

28 29 4 0

29 6 30 0

TA FF

32 0 32 4

32 2 32 6

30 31 6 0

19 9

28 29 6 2

Recreation

7.6m

28 29 8 4

Bollard

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.12: Cardiff waterfront features from Tithe and Port maps (detail) Nelson Court

NTIC

n Canal Junctio

leigh

PLA NE ANTI BRIG

Walk Ra

Warehouse

Techno Centre Canolfan technoleg York

GAM

The Timber Yard

P ENARTH

Scrap Yard

Moors WAY UARD VANG

MOOR S ROAD

ROA

Park

East

RIDGE FELB

ess Busin

DRIVE

Works

Depot

CLOS E

Newby Court

D GEOR

ROAD

AVEN

LLOY

PEN ART

DRIVE

D GEOR

RHOD

GRANGETOWN

ITY CELER

Globe Works

RITY

EAST

BM 8.10m

St Mary the Virgin Church

8.2m

NWAY OCEA

STRE

School House PARADE

TERRAC

Tresillian Way Industrial Estate

Crane

Globe Works

CELE

LLOY

CANAL

IAN

CURRAN

Tresillian Way Industrial Estate

DRIVE

CH H CHUR NORT

m 8.00 BM

Taff Workshops

Haxby Court

7.9m

Moorby Court

Factory

Moorby Court

HAR

Cana

7.3m

GLEE CRAI

TRESILL

AY WSH CRA

EET

lling Trave

LINK

Tresillian House

STR

Denvale Trade Park

Works

RAL CENT

EMBANKMEN

CH K CHUR ET GREESTRE

7.0m

AMES GALD

Parc

WAY

T COUR NABY THOR

St Mary the Virgin Primary School

E PLAC

WAY

PUR

UARD VANG

STR EET

Kirkby Court

7.99

BM 7.89m

TRADE

7.6m

7.3m

Works

E LAN TRA DE

Coopers

c Court Islami

ROAD

E LAN

EAST MOORS

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

Warehouse Crane

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

lling Trave

CHRIS

Canal

Track Cycle

ATLANTIC WHARF

N LETTO

STREE

TINA

C PLA

rch

STREET

Chu

TRE

E L PARAD CANA

TRADE

PEN

TRA

N ROAD LETTO

N LETTO ROAD

BUTETOWN The Bosun

HEOL N ROAD

PARADE

Edward House

Coal Yard Warehouse

ET STRE CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) MARIA

Works

Works 8.5m Coopers Yard

CANAL

Hall

The Welcome Mission

7.3m

BUTETOWN BM 8.59m

ROAD P ENARTH

8.5m

DRIVE

Yard

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

7.6m

Skomer Court

A STRE MARI

Warehouse

TRE PEN

Level Crossing

The Wharf

LEE CRAIG

REE T

LLS DUMBA

S DEN GAR

Pentre Gardens

The Noor-El-Islam Mosque

STREET

PERCY

ARDEN

EAST MOORS

Canal

MEAD

BM 7.87m

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

D BUTE STRY

TAFFS

HAFO D STREET

S G ARDENS

CLOS

TY GOBAITH

Templar Parc

(disused) ONER SCHO

STRE

(Afon Taf)

BUTE

TRES

Bute East Dock INIAN

Roxby

Brewery

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS Templar

MERV

River Taff

DD FFOR

DRIVE

LLAN

Court

Ty Cefnfor

Works

ay Slipw OR SANN

WAY LIAN

T ROAD GUES

Earlingham Cunn Court

Works

(Afon Taf)

River Taff

DRIVE

OR SANN LLAN

N ILLIA

WAY

Scrap Yard

ction

Anchor Court

TRESIL

OCEAN

Shearwater House

Canal Jun

PLACE

HE OL

Spillers and Bakers

Drake

AUD

ROAD

Bute Square Sgwar Bute

Court

WHAWIN AL LLE CAN T GOR WES NFA GLA

Car Park

7.3m

BEIGNO

BM 8.02m

New Splott Market ROAD TITAN

SE CLO

Court

PENARTH

NTINE BRIGA

Beatty

S ROAD LEWI

PLAC

Walk

LAS RF

8.5m D N ROA TITA

Titan House

e Court

bus Colum

r Feede

El Sub Sta

Welsh National Tennis Centre

aufort

Blak

STRY

STRE

Dock

ET STRE FAIR YS

EGLW

MARY

HEOL

Depot

7.0m

ERT HERB

COLLIV

Park

BM 7.88m

BM 6.58m

BM 7.79m

Anson

e Court Jellico

Court

ERT D HERB

7.3m

Builder's and Timber Yard

Court

ATLA

Cardiff Bay Hotel

Johnston's Buildings

8.81m

Bakery

ouse The d Wareh Bonde

F WHAR

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS

JOHN

ROAD

STREE

Cardiff Bay Hotel

S ROAD MOOR

Car

JOHN

Cardiff Central Station (Gorsaf Canolog Caerdydd)

KEEN

T STREE

LL TYNDA

D STRY

ET STRE

Car Park

6.1m

EAST

SCHO

7.68m

Custom House

District Council Offices

Wood Street Bridge

EAST MOORS

) of Wales ss Cymru ing PrinceBuild oges Tywys

ROA

CENTRAL SQUARE

Estate

ad (Adeil

STREET CUSTOMHOUSE

D RS NDE SAU

ET D STRE WOO

The

S OD WO

t Stree e Wood Bridg

9.4m 8.5m

Works

LETTO

Maria Court

tte Corve

Court

Works

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

7.3m

PARADE

CE PLA

7.09m

NAS

CANAL

8.3m

6.7m

Priority Business Park

V House

Works

BM 9.18m

E CLOS UEIL LONG

LETTO HEOL N ROAD

ET STRE

LETTO

INE UENT BARQ

BUTE

House

TRE

E SQUAR

House

E PLAC

7.65 m

STR

OUN H SOUT

T COUR

Aprilia

COE DCA E

IARD

Centre

Saltings

e Estat strial Indu

or Anch

Lagoon

HALL

)

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS

He alth

unity e Comm Centr

(Afon Taf

River Taf

10.1m

The Conference Centre

BUTE

LOUDO

Depot

EET

Line Pipe

STRYD

ER WAY

STRE

Recreation Ground

E PLAC

SCHOON

ay Roths

EET

7.0m

LOUD

Bute East Dock (disused)

7.3m

ROA D

ROW

HODG

Work

BAL LS

ROA

HODG

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS

8.10m

STR EE

Paddle Steamer

CH ADA

T STR EE H DAC CLY

8.20 m

ENT

Works

Roath Dock

9.1m

GOE D

T H STREE HANNA

STR

Warehouse

D STREET

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

P ENHEVA

i House Amalf

BAR

HORN GART

Works Trav

EET

STR EET H

DD FFOR

7.45m

CLY DAC

E BM

GRANGETOWN

Works

Hall

7.6m

Depot

GWAY HEMIN

Hannah Street Church

Scrap Yard CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

9.8m ROATH

HEOL ROAD

CARDIFF (CAERDDYD)

BUTETOWN Minor

Works

CARDIFF

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

H DOCK ONER

ROAT WAY

Ta ff

AY f)

BUTETOWN

8.49m

9.4m

HEOL

D K ROA

9.4m

STRE

STRE ET

ABER CYN ON

7.6m

6.7m

CLOS WE ST

GARDEN

Outfall S

Hosking Industrial Estate

WES T

CLOS

ACE ION D

WIN YGORLLE

CLOSE EET

Caspian Point

STR AD

Commercial Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS RHE

Garage

GWAY

HEMIN HEOL

4232

Gantry

7.9m WEST

Roath Dock

PIE

Y ROAD NGWA HEMI

Warehouse

G round

TAFF

ROA

ck Tra

TERR

POR AT PLAC E

Recreation

COR GRA NGE

WIN Y GORLLE

Bowling Green

NEW STREPORT ET

DOC

Atlantic Wharf Leisure Village A 42

HOL MESD ALE

GRANGE

Grange Gardens on

TH ROA

Station

STRE

AY NGW

HEMI

UE AVEN

Bute Road

Works

GE D GEOR LLOY

D GEOR

House

YSTR AD

INGW HEM D ROA

Little Dock, 1st ed. OS

ENT

FA RHOD

nt Walk Belmo

STREE

NKM

Forio

n Ta

EMBA

LLOY

(Afo

ALICE

STRE

ABE R

River

TAFF

7.6m

P avili

9.4m EAST MOORS

ROAD

SCHO

7.6m

Grange Gardens Play Area

Tennis Court

7.0m

DOCK

ROA

Club

7.0m

7.32m

St Patrick's Church

Presby

(CAERDYDD)

GWAY HEMIN

D e i Hous

Islamic Culture Centre

7.6m

9.4m

9.8m

o House

Livorn

GE GEOR

Tennis Courts

NKM

UE AVEN

EMB

Depot

F TAF

LLOYD

D GEOR

FA RHOD

7.6m

GRANGETOWN

Scrap Yard

9.1m

County Hall

Cycle

(Neuadd-y-Sir)

LLOY

8.13

LLA NBR

RE SQUA

Track

E I HOUS RIMIN

7.70m

Works

DUM

Warehouse

Depot Inn on the River

ROA TH

MER

Lagoon

OUN LOUD

Works

7.9m

ROA D

DOC K

RE SQUA

Car Park

CYM

Works

7.9m

ION

BUTETOWN

STR EET

BUTETOWN 7.0m

RPO RAT

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

STR

E PLAC

6.7m

IAN SILUR

TINA

TAFF EMBANKMENT

CHRIS

D GEOR

AVEN

STREE

Works

Track

N ROAD CURRA

LYDA

MENT BANK

ENC

N EM CURRA

BLA

Crane Travelling

8.2m

Works

LINK

LLOY

LINA

Cycle

LS ROAD

BUTETOWN

DUMBAL

Bute East Dock (disused)

BM 8.32m

BM 8.46m

7.6m

7.9m

RAL

T COUR LASS WIND

D GEOR

RHOD

LLOY

Street

ANGE

Works

CENT

S WAY WILLIAM

Depot

E COUR HENK

tina Chris

S WAY WILLIAM

PIERHEAD STREET Works 7.6m TAFF EMB MEN T

Grangetown Junior

STREET

ALLS DUMB

WEST BUTE

nel Roa d

se Hou Nov a Ter ra

Court St Clair

Buildings Colum

Buildings

S TREET

Boston

BUTE CRESCENT CILGANT BUTE

EET STR AD

RO AD

PLA CE

LOUISA

LANE

Royal Stuart Warehou ses

STUART ROYAL

EET STR

TER HUN

RHE

Dock Offices

HARRO WBY S TREET

BUTETOWN

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Mermaid Quay

Wha and S and

Mount Stuart Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS ROAD

d Tunne

BUTETOWN

Techniquest

DRIVE

FRIGATE

Roa

HAMADRYAD ROAD

8.2m

OUR HARB

Landsea Gardens

l BM 9.03m HAMADRYAD ROAD

Royal Hamadryad Hospital

D ROA

COM

8.5m

Hotel

S PAS

9.4m

Bas

Windsor

STUART PLACE

STUART STREET

8.2m

STREET

STREET Pilotage House

g-bri Swin

Gra vel

TACOMA SQUARE STUART STUART

Sewage Ppg Sta

Roa

Home

QUA Y

E ing

OWB Y PLAC Nurs

dge

ANN

HARR Baibr idge

COMPASS ROAD

Swing-bridge

STREET

REN

TER HUN

0.6

CLA

FERRY

POM

BM 8.42m BM 9.24m

8.5m

BRIT

8.2m

Communication Passage

8.2m

EET STR

ERO

MEN ANK

Road

ADELAIDE

0.3

B EM

Depot

BM 9.56m

Bollard Dock Offices

nel Tun

CE PLA

son ma

ping Slo

EET STR

BUR T STRE

DEN

GAR

HARROW BY STREET

PIE

AD RO LE

NDA

Walters Buildings

HURMAN STR EET Y ERO

Douglas Wor kshops

Roath Basin

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

ROAD

CAM

AVO

Tun

ST BRID GE

POM

Sta

Passage

Garage

JIM DRISCOLL WAY

FRIG

Sub CARGO

SA Citad el

EET Centr

STR

ET STRE HOLM ESDA LE r Win dso

Lord

CAM

D ROA ATE

8.5m El

Mermaid Quay Seatrade BUTETOWN House

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Fletcher's Wharf

Channel View

PLACE

rch

Club

Recreational and Community Centre

LOUISA

EROAD

ADELAIDE PLACE

PLACE

Communication Passage

Recreation Ground

SID

BURT

Chu

PLA

Communication

9.1m

TYNE

REN

STREET

CLA

ing Slop

Junction Lock se

ing ry Slop son ma

7.9m

m 8.37

7.0m

ROAD

St Cuthbert's School y onr mas

Taf)

Route

7.40m

AN EMB CE REN CLA

n (Afo r Taff

Cycle

REN

7.3m

te Rou

Cyc

etow But

Rive

North Butetown

CLA

Grangetown Adventure Playground

n th Nor

Lock

Ros s Hou

rt's

ROAD FERRY

T EN

LE NDA AVO

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

8.8m

Ross House

hbe

Grangetown Nursery School

Hou

The National Assembly For Wales

Cut

GRANGETOWN

7.9m

Adventurers Quay er

Bank

Discovery House

BUTETOWN

KEN T STRE

Fletcher's Wharf

Swing-bridge

Alex and

7.9m

STREET

Street

AVO

7.0m

AMH STR E

Mercantile Marine Office

Emperor House

JAMES

G eorge

BUTE PLACE

7.6m

ADELAIDE

STRE

ERS T STR

ERS T

Arcade

JAMES STREET

Avondale Court

hel t Bet ptisrch Ba Chu

CLOS

KENT

Police Station

CLARENCE ROAD

Salvage Buildings

LE NDA

AMH

E ET

S OUT

Mount Stuart House

H NIS H S DEN GAR

9.1m

COR E

m 8.43 BM

STR EET

Hous

Baltic House

CLOS

6.4m

BUT E

Regus

S STREET

6.4m

LUDL OW

Custom House 7.9m

MOUNT STUART SQUARE

EET

LUDL OW

Dow lais

Clarence Road Bridge

CLO SE

LE NDA AVO

STR

EAS

Club

Cory's Buildings

VENOAK

PLAC E

BRO MFIE

DRI

Bay Chambers

HOR LE

Roath Dock

T STREET

NT SCE CRE

STRE

Works

Cardiff Docks

The Point Cardiff Exchange

ROAD

COSS LETT

SQUARE

ROAD

BRID GE

Cambrian Buildings

6.7m STUART

Bank

RDAL E ROAD

CLAR ENCE

Bakery

Beynon House MOUNT

SIDE

Healt

SQUARE

MOO

STRE ET

Cliff Court

STUART

TYNE

GRANGETOWN

7.9m Cymric Buildings

Empi re House

MOUNT

8.5m

C FAL

FORRES

6.1m

La ne

Docks

STRE

Taff

FORD

BRO MFIE LD

Dock Chambers BUTE STRYD STREET

8.48m

BRAD

BUTE

6.1m

Taf)

River

STRE

(Afon

BRA DFOR D

6.1m

GRANGETOWN

7.9m

and Infants School

6.1m

TYNESIDE

BM 7.17m

STRE

8.8m

ANK

Eben Gosp ezer el Hall

NEW PORT

ROAD

GRANGETOWN

Waverley Square

Depot

Roath Basin

Travelling Cranes Empire Wharf

ving Gra

Playing Field

k No

COURT

No 3

Gra ving Doc k

Waterfront Park

Lock

Gra ving Doc k

9.1m Lock

8.5m

tre

STR EET

Cen

Promenade

k Gate Loc

NNA

Playground

ROAD

PLAC

STORES

OR LEAN

WINDSOR

COLD

8.5m Gate s

s HA

BUTE ESPLANADE

Hopper

Slopi

Cra ne

Doc k

7.9m

velli ng

Gra ving

DUDLEY

ng masonry

Doc

Tra

Sloping masonry

DUDLEY STREET

mas ng onry Slopi

kilometres

Royal Hamadryad Hospital

8.5m

Playing Fields

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.13: Cardiff waterfront features from OS 1st edition map of 1876 (overview)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

12 1 to

TR DS T EE

Keyes Court

1 to

ET TRE LS DAL

Graving Dock, 1st ed. TYN OS

Nelson Court se The arehou W ded Bon

Cardiff Bay Hotel

ATL

Cardiff Bay Hotel

El Sub Sta

1 to

te sta gE din Tra

e ntr Ce

8.2m

N ST

f dif

bS El Su

W TIC AN

RF HA

16 1 to Court on Ans

16 rt 1 to Cou coe Jelli 16 1 to Court t ufor Bea

16 1 to Court ke

Bollard

alk

al Ca n

n ctio Jun

W igh ale

16 1 to rt Cou tty

E TIN El AN IG Sub Sta BR

d Fee ck Do

El Sub Sta

Bollard

E AC E

E PL TIN AN

to 12

IG BR

Bea

alk sW bu lum Co

PL AC

lin Pipe

T ER RB HE

4 to

RT BE ER

Bla

DH RY ST ET RE ST

Warehouse 11.6m

4 to

1 to 48 Spillers and Bakers

l ana nC ctio Jun

El Sub Sta

O NN SA AN

E RIV RD

to 14

9 to

Anchor Court

.81m

2 to

9 11 BM

16 1 toarl ham E ng ni Cun ourt C

to 30

alk

W ke Dra

16 1 to ourt kC

Warehouse

Yor

Warehouse

10 14

Sta

to 70 54

Bollard

to 88

2 4 6

25 27

13 14

1 11 2

E NU

Moorby Court

27 29 26 31 28 30

25 24

E AV

19 24 21 23 26

1 3 5

E RG

G YD LO

CLO GE RID LB FE

L FA

15 17 19

16 18 20

102

1 E RIV

32 31 34 36 37 33 35 30

Newby Court

RIV E

ED 11 12

OD RH

OY LL

RIT YD

LE AIG

b Su El

IVE DR ITY ER CEL

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS 28

Bollard 12

Haxby Court

8 20 22

3 1

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

na Ca

O TH

16 18

15 16

RT OU YC AB RN

Y WA

(disused)

NER

Bute East Dock O HO SC

29 25 31 33 27

22 14

E RIV RD

40 O NN SA AN

21 23

SE CLO IAN VIN MER

urt Co

17 13 19 15

xby Ro

Sluice

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.14: Cardiff waterfront features from OS 1st edition map of 1876 (north detail) 3

ouse

E PLAC

L Twr 85

ch An

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS

7.3m

Tank

(disused)

Tank

189

to 1

St Pauls Community Church

East Dock

56 to

Bute

OUN

H LOUD SOUT

TCB

BUTETOWN Works

19b

7.70m

19a

OUN LOUD

Works

ROW

HODG

Sta

Tank L Twr

8.10m

RE SQUA

179

(PH)

Sub

County Hall (Neuadd-y-Sir)

Track

Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS RH

Cycle

170

38 46

178

GE OR

FA OD

30 24

D GE

GE OR

160

9.8m

161

152

to 16

Weigh Bridge

El Sub Sta

UE EN AV

Tennis Courts

Works

24 1 to o House Livorn

D GE OY

Warehouse

Sta

187

HODG

g Coolin Tower

rks Paddle Steamer

Warehouse

Sub

ROA

BAL LS

ROAD

DUM

CUR RAN

I HOUS RIMIN

Wor

BUTETOWN

Lagoon

RE SQUA

7.45m

DD FFOR

HORN GART

Pipe Li ne

L Twr

Works 2

32 1 to e i Hous Amalf

Shelt

151

T H STREE HANNA

Level

Y HENR ET STRE

Warehouse

Depot

Crossing

78 70

Hannah 9.8m

Street

Scrap 2 8

c Cultur Islami

CARDIFF (CAERDDYD)

ntre BUTETOWN e Ce

GWAY HEMIN

BUTE

Church

Yard

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

144

ROATH DOCK

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

HEOL ROAD GWAY HEMIN

ROAD

SCHO

Centre

ONER

Arab

unity

12 e i Hous

12 18

1 to

Comm

Minor

Islamic Culture Centre

WAY

14 2

Shelter

BUTETOWN

HEOL

UE EN

D ROA

GE OR

8.49m

AY NGW HEMI

Bute Road Station

9.4m

1 33

141

39 4 7

A 4232

WEST

CLOS

fordd y Rheif Galler Oriel ay Railw

WIN YGORLLE

Caspian Point

Y GORLLEW

Community Centre

130

Garage

129

L Twr

RE ST

131

IN CLOS

WES T

Sub Sta

Posts

Recrea tion

GW MIN

MIN

ER PI

AY A

126

OL HE

4232

El Sub Sta

Warehouse

Gantry 7.9m

36 WEST

Shelter

PIERHEAD STREET

Ground

Works

Commercial Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS

Posts

Hosking Industrial Estate

DOC

Atlantic Wharf Leisure Village

K TH ROA

Shelter

3 5 41

YD LLO

INGW HEM

FA OD

nt Walk Belmo

Little Dock, 1st ed. OS

STREE

House

1 to

Forio

LLO

ALICE

age Gar

Works

Track

33 39

54a

276 280

125

278 282

El Sub Sta

8.8m

8.2m

Posts

214

Bank

54b

268

272

Track

124

213

194

262 266

260

7.9m

Cycle

187 to 193

SIDE ROAD

BM 7.17m

L Twr

Lane

246

250

6.7m

PH PH

227

S TUART

Cambrian Buildings

House

MOUNT

TYNE

Beynon

Bollards

Track and Path

ROAD DUMB ALLS

Cliff Court

Docks

STRYD BUTE

54 to

220

1 to 28

SQUARE

STUART

STREET

House MOUNT

Dock Chambers

Cymric Buildings

Empire

BUTE

Taf)

252

256

Taff

(Afon

River

254

258

GRANGETOWN

264

SQUARE 244 248

113

167 to 172

nn el

111

Tu ad Ro

se Hou

Nov a Ter ra

107

102

Col um

Buildings

100

107

Boston

ngs

STREET

W alters

Bui ldi

HURMAN

to 35

5 10

STR EET AD

PIE

RHE

BUTE CRESCENT CILGANT BUTE

GEORG

17 E

Bank 23

Bollard Bollard

El Sub Sta

Dock Offices Bollard

BM 8.42m

23a

Bollard

Bol

Techniquest

SPs

Sloping m asonry

Bol

Mount Stuart Graving Docks

P rom

Sub El

1 to 12

nel

89 91

Sta

d Tun

DRIVE

BUTETOWN

Roa

OUR HARB

Bollard

Gardens

35 to 50

Mount Stuart Graving Dock, 1st ed. OS

Landsea 34

Waverley Square

ards Sta Sub

rf ha

Boll

8.5m

0.15 Bollard

ROAD

PLACE

Mermaid Quay

sin

TCB

FRIGATE

STUART

House

Hoppers

Pilotage

Hotel

STUART STREET El Sub Sta STRE ET

Windsor (PH)

Bols

Sewage Ppg Sta

QUA

ANN IA

S TUART

8.2m

Bollards

STREET

Bollard

BUTETOWN

ET STRE BURT

rsi

15 to 26

HAMADRYAD ROAD

TACOMA SQUARE STUART

Cou nce

8.5m

BRIT

STR EET R HU NTE

e Nu

enad

2 11

ibr idg

4 to

L Twr

Ramp

OWB Y PLAC

47 13

STREET

9.24m FB

11 9

Y STREET

Lighting Towers

BUTE

CI LGANT

HARROWB

Bollards

Dock Offices

ENT CRESC

ADELAIDE

Y LANE

BUTE STREET

el nn Tu

STREET

ad Ro

BUTE

School

HARROWB

ards

Boll

BURT

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

STREE

D ROA

FRI

Roath Basin

Mermaid Quay

RGE NEW GEO

Primary

8.5m Cn

Bollards

Mountstuart

8.2m

Lighting Towers

NEW

21 20

School

Garage

E GAT

E P LAC

LOUISA

Royal

Stuart Warehous es

LANE ROYAL

HARROW

Y LANE

STUART

15 to

TER HUN

9.25 m BM

BUTE STREET

HARROWB

Dougl as Workshops

S TRE

BY STREET

g Slo pin KM

ENT

Slipw ay

BAN

Buildings

g mason Slopin

mas onr y

REN

EET

Sta

CLA

s lard Bol

PLACE

8.78 m

LOUISA

BUTETOWN House

Garage

Lock

Bollards

Post

STR

Ramp

Junction Lock

Discovery House

Car Park

Sub

St Clair

ADELAIDE PLACE

Hall

HARR

STR EET

118

The National Assembly For Wales

Track

SHIP LANE

1 Caisson

Bank

Mountstuart

Seatrade

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

8.8m

El Sub Sta

Ross House 108

129

Ground

Recreation

Works

STREET

PLA

rch Chu

rt's hbe

mas onr y

7.9m to

34 36 38

35 37

40 42 44

41 43 45

rds

46 48 50

47 49 51

Cut

REN CLA

pin g

Bol 119

ADELAIDE

use

BUTETOWN Slo mas pin onr g y

130

Bolla

Business Centre

PO MER

House

Hou

s Ros

Primary 5

Club

8.2m

PLA CE

Adventurers Quay se

PLACE

Posts

Emperor House

Hou

66 68

der

Street

eho

Sta

Warehous e

BURT

Swing-bridge

El Sub Sta's

xan Ale

G eorge

War 2

REN

re Cla

1 EET STR

8.5m

CLA

Regus

11 13

Sta

11 Y ERO

El Sub Sta

Sub

7.9m

STREE

71 73

POM

Mercantile Marine Office (MOT)

JAMES

JAMES STREET

Sub

St Cuthbert's

s Cory's Building 57

7.9m

Ocean House

Mud

ards Boll

9.1m

BUTE PLACE

7.6m

Osprey House

Avondale Court

Works

School

Bet Bap hel Chu tist rch

7.9m

Court

Mount Stuart House

140

88 50 58

BM 9.49m

TCB

149 to 166

ST RE 56

PH 48

PH 68

8.8m 8.8m

8.5m

Slo

masonry

Police Station

GVC

CLARENCE ROAD

Salvage Buildings

WEST BUTE

g pin Slo

Post

Baltic House

1 to 12

14 to 28

1 to 32

MOUNT

STUART SQUARE

Custom House

7.9m

Arcade

Posts 7.6m

PH Dowlais

112

Club

Bay Chamb ers

Bollard

STREE

Theatre

Clarence Road Bridge

REN MEN CLA ANK B EM

The Point

8.5m

Fountain

BM 7.85m

Bank

DRI

Bank

116

CON FAL

TCB

Bank

Cardiff Exchange

8.2m

Bollards

Bollard

Pontoon

0.3

Bollard

Roath Basin

8.5m

Mount Stuart 9

Graving Docks

ving

Boll

Dolphins

k Doc

Playing Field

Gra

ard

Dolphin

Royal Hamadryad Hospital

Chimney

Bollard PC

Bollard

Doc

ng masonry

Dolphin

Slopi

COURT

av in g

ving Gra

DUDLEY

SPs

ne Cra No 2

Bol

Dolphin

Boll

Bollard

STREET

7.9m

DUDLEY

Track

ards Boll

ing

vell Tra

Gr LB

47 45 46

Sloping masonry

kilometres WB

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.’ Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004). Annotations © GGAT.

Figure 4.15: Cardiff waterfront features from OS 1st edition map of 1876 (south detail)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

4.5 Discussion The Blunch Gate excavation demonstrated that riverside features can survive at substantial depths below the modern ground surface. In addition, two boreholes sunk during the construction of the Millennium Stadium contained wood approximately 4m below modern ground surface. Whilst this wood is not necessarily an indicator of human activity, it clearly demonstrates the potential for organic material, including palaeoenvironmental information, to be preserved in the alluvial clays of the River Taff. Whilst Blunch Gate and Golyate may have been the two major medieval and postmedieval quays serving Cardiff, it is possible that other, possibly earlier, riverside structures survive. The Roman fort would almost certainly have received supplies by water, and whilst evidence is limited, it is probable that a small settlement existed to the south of the fort from this period onwards. Given the movement of the River Taff, the location for putative earlier riverside structures is difficult to predict; however the area to the west of the castle and medieval town is considered to have a high potential for surviving archaeological remains (see Figure 4.16). In addition, the smaller pills to the south of the city may have been attractive as temporary havens from the prehistoric period onwards, and like Newport, the possibility of the discovery of boats or ships cannot be ruled out. This area is also therefore considered to have a high potential. Other areas, including the River Taff have been assigned a medium potential, apart from where modern developments will have removed any potential surviving deposits.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1 NG

HE NN YD D

Alexandra Garden ED

VII UE EN AV

Coopers Fields

Welsh National War Memorial

CATHAYS PARK

Glamorgan Buildings

Mansion House

CATHAYS PARK

on hm Ric

CATHAYS 31

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Alexandra Garden

EN AV UE

qu ad He

art

ED RS

s er

EN RD

DE RA E PA TH

Eglwys Dewi Sant

WP NE

T RO

OV GR E

k Fee

RT H

der

TTG STU

E ASS STR

al Ho mir Ad

Hay woo

use

se d Hou

RD AC PL E

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

University of Wales, College of Cardiff (Prifysgol Cymru, Coleg Caerdydd)

en ud st St Ho

Caerwys House

Park House

' ts el

r Feede

New Theatre Friary Gardens

CE PLA

County CouncilOffices

Sophia Gardens

Dock Feeder

Dock

FRI DUM

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Taf

f) Ta

Bank

Car Park GREYFRIARS ROAD

Site of Priory

Arlbee House

CANTON

Capital Tower

Cardiff Castle and remains of

l y Fren (Heo

Hotel

een Qu

Str

hine

eet

FIT

KINGSWAY

ZAL

IR A

Cardiff Castle and remains of ROMAN FORT

T RO OR

AC E

ROMAN FORT

Club

Multistorey Car Park ADAMSDOWN

TON STREE

r dso Win rt Cou

Castle Green

HAMIL

TE RR

Priory St Mary of the Angels RC Church

ol ho Sc

ER ART

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Doc

er Riv

CANTON

ROATH (Y RHATH)

Bute Park

(Af

's ry Ma

T STREE TALBO

Hall

YMCA

National Tennis Centre

AD RO

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

ST RE ET

YMCA YMCA

Gorsedd Gardens

L RA ED TH CA

RY DE R

Works

Roden Court

urt

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Cooper's Fields

Vicarage

Club

PH SO

Hotel

E OS CL

EE STR

BM 13.51m

en Gre ling b Bow oor and Clu Ind

ph So

lic

R'S

AD Y RO

VII

CIT

RD WA ED

AD RO

Coleg Cerdd a Drama Cymru

Sophia Gardens

Courtney House

Caradog House

UM SE

NG KI

CATHAYS PARK

University Registry

alk W

Hotel

d Co

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Welsh College of Music and Drama

Glamorgan Buildings

Hotel

h urc Ch

CATHAYS PARK

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

's RC ter

ROATH (Y RHATH)

of ge a lle am a Dr h Co d rdd u els an Ce mr W sic Cy Mu Co legama Dr

Welsh Institute of Sport (Athrofa Chwaraeon Cymru)

Senghennydd House

(Athrofa Chwaraeon Cymru) CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CE M PLA SEU

K GRO PAR

of ge a lle am Co Dr d a lsh an d rd mru Ce Cy We sic Mu Colegama Dr

Welsh Institute of Sport

les mr Wa Cy ol of um eth dla se ne l Mu na fa Ge tio dd Na ue mg (A

CATHAYS PARK

all Cou Pasc

E EG

NG KI

LL CO

CA TH

CE PLA

Baltic House

Castle Green

Win dso

Bank

FITZALAN ROAD

(FF

L RO

Street Queen es) Frenhin

D OR

(Heol y

CH CH UR

EET

LY (HEO

ADAMSDOWN

) DUG Cardiff Queen Street

E STR

CENTRAL

DUK

hn Jo

STREET

(HEOL

L) Y CASTEL

Helmont House

Centre Hotel

Newtown Court

St re et

St David's Centre

R) FAW

Ca stl e en

Co ur

Fire Station

ADAMSDOWN

nil Ho wo us rth e Wo

Wa Ho rw us ick e

rki ng

Central Market

ET RE ST

Cardiff Arms Park

tan nds Gra

W ES

Roof Car Park TG AT

Multistorey Car Park

(H L EO

Hotel

YE E HA

Depot

Cardiff International Arena (Arena Ryngwladol Caerdydd)

EET

S (YR

Y STR

STREET

Multi Car Pk

MAR

H) RT PO

Garage

DESPENSER

CENTRAL

Multistorey Car Park

CENTRAL

urt h Co

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

urg inb

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

RIVERSIDE

STREET

L WAY

yes e Ha s) Ae (Yr

Rugby Football Ground

Taff River Taf) (Afon

BROOK

ADAMSDOWN

St David's Hall

Bank

CHIL CHUR

CENTRAL

d tan nds Gra

eet Str

LOWER CATHEDRAL ROAD

Warehouse

AD AM

Du nr Ho av us

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Cou

rt Cou

Ra Ho gla us n e

T REE

Cou rt

Angel Hotel

Adu

rard Ger rt Cou

OL (HE

rt Cou

ton

ton Can

EET N STR

EET

View

se Hou ille Hostel n dev atio Man lt Prob

Can

GTO LIN WEL

HM Prison and Remand Centre

St David's Centre

ki or W

CANTON

Park

H STR HIG

Cardiff Bridge

Ada

Station

CASTLE

re St

DGE ROAD EAST

S FAI LWY L EG

HEO

RIVERSIDE

Bank

ET RE

AM AD

Depot

Multistorey Car Park

Depot Depot

ST RE ET

acl ern y Tab wys wyr Egl ydd Bed

Millennium Stadium

Club

BR ID

Millennium Stadium

ZH FIT

Car Park

Hotel

Garage

d Ol e ery Th ew Br

ON AM

E STR CLAR

Royal Hotel

EET

BA EM

rks Wo

RIVERSIDE

PLA CE

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CENTRAL Bute Park

COWBRI

)

St Davids Centre CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CANTON

Cemetery Park

ILL

COWBRIDGE ROAD EAST

RIVERSIDE

r Cou rt

MOI

Street Station

ILL

Transport House

Cardiff Queen

CH UR CH

West Lee

ME NT STR

South Gate House

T EE

nce

New College School

STR

Dav

ids

se Hou

Terminal Buildings

BUTETOWN

RO LAN D STR

DAL TYN

EET L STR

Dep

EET

g Est ate

eet Str od dge Wo Bri

DAL TYN

Litchfield Court

EET L STR

CENTRAL SQUARE

Wood Street Bridge Works

YD STR RT RBE HE

STR

RB HE

ERT

EET Col

bus um

Doc der k Fee

ET RE ST IR FA YS LW

OL HE

Depot

SALTMEAD

Pena Nort rth Curv h Junc e tion

Ral

h Wa eig

ctio Jun

al n Can

Depot Bakery Bute Square Sgwar Bute

Depot

ke Dra

Jun

ctio

n Can

Laundry (Afon Taf)

Mardy Court

River Taff

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Elizabeth Maisonettes

Laboratory

River Taff

WE DM

Y N WA LIA SIL TRE

(Afon Taf)

FFO

LIA SIL D TRE

Rox

rt Cou

Bute East Dock (disused)

Brewery

RO AD RT H

FA OD

OR GE UE

OR GE

Newby Court

LLO

PE NA

GRANGETOWN

LLO

DE L PARA CANA

Tresillian Way Industrial Estate

L LIN

Laboratory

TRA

The Neville

CEN

nal Ca

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

SALTMEAD

Moorby Court

al Can

Moorby Court

Kirkby Court

The Wharf

Warehouse Club

Coop

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

SALTMEAD

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

ers Yard

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

Works

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

The Bosun Coopers Yard

Depot

Can

ATLANTIC WHARF

Hall

Priority Business Park

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

Works

Coronation Park

YD LLO

RH FA

YD LLO OR GE

UE EN AV

BUTETOWN

L ST GI

OR GE

Works

Depot

Garage

ET RE

VIR

LECKWITH

GRANGETOWN

Recreation Ground

y ar

ho Sc

Works

Depot

Ind

tate l Es ria ust

tre

Sevenoaks Park (Recreation Ground)

Cen

Dra in

lth Hea

gs Saltin

ck tri Pa

ty uni mm tre Co Cen

River Taff (Afon Taf)

im Pr

Works

BUTETOWN

Croxley House

BUTETOWN

Works

Works Wor

Depot

rks Wo

Depot Warehouse County Hall (Neuadd-y-Sir)

YD LLO

Warehouse

OR GE

Works

GRANGETOWN

EN AV

YD LLO

GE OR GE

FA OD

Inn on the River Garage

GRANGETOWN

Works

Hall Works Tra vC

Warehouse

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

CARDIFF (CAERDDYD)

BUTETOWN Islamic Culture Centre

Gripoly Mills

PL AC E

Rive

r Taff

(Afo

n Taf)

OR GE

Su b Sta

LLO

LECKWITH

Bank

BUTETOWN

OR GE

NU AVE

Works

YD LLO

Warehou se

Atlantic Wharf Leisure

Depot

Garage

Warehouse Hosking Industrial Estate

Centre

RP OR

Garage

ION RO

AD RO AY GW AY MIN HE GW MIN L HE HEO

n Ground Recreatio

GRANGETOWN

Wholesale Fruit

Works

Warehouse

Works

St Paul's Church

GRANGETOWN

Hall Garage Head Post Office 16

Wo rks

RT H RO AD

GRANGETOWN

CL OS

alth

Ce ntr e

Cambrian Buildings

BUTE STREET

Garage Club

Custom House el nn ad

ell Hew rt Cou

WEST

Bay Chamb ers

St Clair

s Cory's Building

Court

Clarence Road Bridge

L STEL GLYN

Su b Sta

Taf)

Cliff Court

Taff

Cymric Buildings (Afon

Garage

Warehouse

River

E STRE CLIV

16A toC

Warehouse

GRANGETOWN

Grangetown Junior and Infants School

Garage

PO Mercantile Marine Office

Bakery

Drain

St Paul's (C in W) Primary School JAMES

STREE

BUTE PLACE

Bank Oakley Place

Garage

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

GRANGETOWN

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

GRANGETOWN

Riv

ff Ta

BUTETOWN

CARDIFF

Warehouse

fon

Mermaid Quay CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

Garage Garage

Club

(CAERDYDD)

Works Ro

Dock Offices

Worcester Court

BUTETOWN

Dra

Warehouse

Warehouse Bai bri dge

Nu rsin g Ho me

Sewage Ppg Sta

Holmesdale Court

Windsor

Hotel

Mermaid Quay

Factory

Channel View

NA PE

Playing Fields Mon

Playing Field

Gr av in

Hous

hous

sar

Dra in

Ware

Gasholder

Techniquest

Royal Hamadryad Hospital

RT H RO AD

GRANGETOWN

Warehouse

nel d Tun Roa

BUTETOWN

Recreational and Community Centre

Depot

No 3

Playing Fields

Depot

Taff

Dra in

Gas Works

Hamadryad Park ParcHamadryad

Taf)

River

Warehouse

(Afon

War eh ou se

Hamadryad Park Warehouse

The Marl

CL OS E

ParcHamadryad

416 0

The Marl

Drain

War eh

Dep ot

PE NA RT H RO AD

High potential Gasholder

7.6 m

Penarth Flats

AT E CL OS

Dra

OL LG

Gasholder

7.6 m

ou se

Warehouse

ST AD IUM CL OS E

Cardiff Bay Retail Park

(Parc Manwerthu Bae Caerdydd)

Hamadryad Park ParcHamadryad

Drains

Dra

ins

Warehouse

Medium potential Warehouse

Dep ot

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

GRANGETOWN

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Tanks

Hamadryad Park ParcHamadryad Drain

Gas Works

Low potential

iv ff Ta f er Ta n Afo

Cardiff Castle

L VIEW

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

ROAD

CHANNE

Drain

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

CL Dr ain

A 41

De po

ST UA

0.3

Ely River

(Afon Elai)

Penarth Moors

Cardiff Bay Retail Park

(Parc Manwerthu Bae Caerdydd)

Figure 4.16: Cardiff zones of archaeological potential

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN et l Stre ate dal Tyn rial Est ust Ind

din Tra

RE ST

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Cardiff Centre Trading Estate

CENTRAL

are Squ

tre Cen

D OO

Tyndall Street Industrial Estate

CENTRAL

diff Car

Victoria House

L STR AL

Hotel

EET

tral Cen

Club

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Multistorey Car Park

ND TY

ops ksh

OD WO

Warehouse

New College

ngs ildi l Bu eria Imp

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

RIVERSIDE

TE BU

Wor

d Hou

coll Dris

rlan

les Wa of ) (PH

EET STR

Club CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Ice Rink

Pri

TEMPERANCE TOWN

OD WO

BUTETOWN

k Fee der

The Stone Yard

Doc

Garage

kilometres

0.6

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

5. Swansea 5.1 Location and topography Swansea is situated at the mouth of the River Tawe, opening into the large Swansea Bay (see Figure 5.1). Whilst the historic core of the town was located on the west bank of the river, more recent expansion has seen it develop onto the east side of the River Tawe. The study area for Swansea is centred at NGR SS 66116 93199, and covers an area of 87.64ha. The historic map coverage includes a larger area of 142.1ha (see Figure 5.2). 5.2 Geology Swansea is situated on Carboniferous Coal Measures, and the extraction of coal from the area has greatly influenced the history and development of the region. The soils of the area are unsurveyed, but will include alluvium associated with the River Tawe (SSEW 1983). 5.3

Historic background

5.3.1 Prehistoric and Roman There is a distinct lack of evidence for any prehistoric activity within Swansea. There are isolated finds, such as a Neolithic leaf-shaped arrowhead (00452w), but no settlement evidence has been discovered. There is more evidence to indicate a Roman presence in the area, in the form of coins (00423w) for example, but still the material is scarce. It has been suggested that Swansea has its origins as a Scandinavian trading post. While the mouth of the River Tawe forms a natural harbour, the argument is based on place-name evidence alone. The modern name of Swansea is composed of two elements: ‘Sveinn’, an Old Norse proper name, plus ‘sae-r, sja-r, sjo-r’ meaning ‘sea’, or, more probably, Old Norse ‘ey’ meaning ‘island’ or ‘inlet’ (Williams 1990, 3). It has been postulated that this refers to Swein Forkbeard, King of Denmark between 986 and 1014, but there is no other evidence to support this theory. The only tangible evidence for a Viking settlement at Swansea is artefactual, with the discovery of a Hiberno-Norse ring pin of 9th century date. 5.3.2 Medieval The earliest documentary mention of Swansea Castle is in 1116, which was to form the focal point for the administration of Gower. The original structure seems to have been a motte-andbailey design, although no above ground remains survive. During the 13th century, probably after the razing of the defences in 1217, the castle was partially reconstructed in stone. Forming a structure that was later to be known as the ‘Old Castle’. Furthermore, an additional stone building, constructed in the 14th century and known as ‘le Newerke’ or ‘new work’ i.e. the ‘new castle’ (Evans 1983) survives as part of the modern remains. Along with the castle, elements of the Hospital of the Blessed of St. David endure to the present day. The hospital was constructed in 1332 by Henry de Gower, the Bishop of St. Davids. It was located on St. Mary Street, close to the church, and a gabled block of the Cross Keys Inn retains the original medieval hospital windows.

Urban waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 1

Figure 5.1: Evanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s map of Swansea (1823)

m )

Path

FOXHOLE ROAD

River Tawe

137b

137b 137a

Path

137

TERRACE

Path

58 EET STR HAF

51 0m

Tra ck

17.4

129

to 117

126

WALES ROAD

rd Bo lla

11. 99m BM

114 113

2 AD MO RF A RO

Sta 14

El Sub

CE OF PRIN

EN RO Y AV EN UE

Magazine

Bungalow

Spring 57.9m

BM 117.01m 45

Bethesda

m 9.35

128.0m 21

60.9m

SWAN STREET

Tank

Lord

AN ADL HE

1 to 8

BM 14.41m

ST ELMO

161 to 169

El Sub Sta

y Subwa

Surgery

JOCKEY STREET

21.6m

BM 74.93m

Subw

120

Playground

ENT ESC

LYD FOR D AVE NUE

ELM

HUR

River Tawe

(Afon Tawe)

23 15

ELMHURST

74a to 78

1 ND

RA ST

RE ET

Tra ck

63 64

G DR IN

NE LA MO RR

48 47

45 45 46 46

a St Su b El 41

27 1 to 11

61 24

nd Co urt

Midla

ET RE ST EY NL KI

37 25

SEBASTOPOL

Works

STREET BALACLAVA

abcd

13a

STREET

INKERMAN STREET

20 17 MIERS STREET

T STREE

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

LEWIS STREET

MAES STREET

PINKN

10 EY STREE T

THOMA S

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

BM 19.43m

54 53

27a

7 9 4 6 3 5

ET (STR YD FAWR )

HIGH STRE

BM 11.64m

23 2

19 17 16 15

9 8 5

11 15 8 10

36 32 to

29 27 to

26 21

ORCH ARD STREET

Shelter 15 11

17 15

13 11

6 2

12 4

9.8m 11.0m

Foot Bridge MP 48 Depot Tank

39 40

15.2m

WAY FABIAN

Sjomanns Kirken

Bol

Coal Yard

way

41 42

10.1m

8.2m

s Shelter

29 to 43

PLACE RICH ARD' S

EA SA PL

LEE STREET

D A O R A R N D AL EX A

yn n Vi t Ga via n lle ry

Ar 18 .61 m BM

rt Cou

33 to 38

ble

25 to 32 39 to 44

Ta ll Ga

NEW STREET

Orchard Court

17 to 24

9 to 16

7 39m W

FU LL ER

N RO W FTO CLI

Su b Sta El

RO AD

DRA ALEX AN

Trin ity

28 IV E

1 to 8 13

39.

56 58

l Sta

Church

60 62

bw ay

Hall

42 44 46

11.9m

12 12a

LB 60 62 64

49a

Sub

ROAD

El Sub Sta

Church

ANT

TENN

PORT

St Thomas's Church

Cape Horner (PH)

12.2m

BM 12.62m 35

23.5m

Hall

BM 21.47m

Posts

TER PLACE

35 to

WORCES

Vicarage

82 84

2 1

Hotel

AC E

OV E

22.6m

94 96

48b

ENT CRESC

39a

48a

ST LEGER

DELHI STREET

FABIAN WAY

Sta

cess

QU Cou rt

E LAN

nty Cou

AG ON GR EE

Bollards

8 9 10

rs Cha mbe

Bollard 6.4m

BAT

53 54

H LAN E

42a

FER RY

Clu

a 11

Clu b

IN )

11 12

4 to 11

SAL

STREET

2 el

Place

Chap

Bapti st

E PLAC

ST DAV ID'S

Pres

9 1 to

1 4

ADEL

id's Prio Chu ry rch

1 to 3 York

AIDE

11 to 16

8 7

St Dav

Bollard

CE PLA

mou

6.4

Posts

46 1 to se k Hou Cor

21 to

er cest

mbe

Glou

p Ram

Club

L Twr

b Su

Sta

Post

Bollard

R PLAC E

Hou

6.1m

y im Qua

Pock

etts

Wha

Depot

Bollard

TCB Pon

too

STE

ster

Leisure Centre Dylan Thomas

Bollards

Theatre

6.4m

Bolla

Bollard Bollards

Car Park Posts

6.7m

Cn Cn

eum

exe Ann

Bollards Travelling

Posts p

Lock

Car Park

Workshop PC

Tawe Basin

Crane

PH PH

Mus

rks

S OY

Superstore

OU RM TE

nhe Man

uce Glo

GLO UCE

Superstore

Post

Car Park

AD RO

Bollards

CE R PLA GLO UCE STE

36 1 to House vers Wea

TCBs

Chy

SP TCB

1 to

Bollard

RO W

6.4m

Bollard

Car Park

AL BE

6.4m

lla Bo

(HEOL Y BRENIN)

BM 6.79m El Sub Sta

se th Hou

Cha

S PLAC E

Atlantic Buildings

Swin KING'S ROAD

BM 7.00m

Mon

BUR ROW

Car Park

Warehouse 6.4m

Bollard 7.0m

12 1 to 23 to 14 se Hou con Bre

BRI

Buildings

Govt

Bollard 14

a 12

House

Bldg

N STR TO

to 16

Multistorey Car Park

Oldway

El Sub Sta

Bollards

Slipway 12 1 to 23 14 to se Hou nor Rad

Queen's N TO ET

ING LL WE STRE

13a 15

e aw er T we) Riv n Ta (Afo

CAM BRIA N PLA CE

(museum)

7.28

CAM

Bui

Royal Institution

9 to 13

7.0m

17 to 21

ion Alb gs ldin

33 to 37

12 1 to 20 14 to

Llys Dewi Sant 1 to 30

ge an ch Ex ings ild Bu

12 ms 1 to ly Roo emb

Ass

24 31

Posts

lti Mu r Pk Ca

e Hous

Exchange Court

ET STRE

Exchange Buildings

Bollard

23 to 29

e brok Pemildings Bu

brian

VIC

RIA TO

llar

Works

AD RO

Multistorey Car Park

LLI

1 to

6.7m Posts

PIER STREET

El Sub Sta

Flats 1 to 11 Burrows Chambers

27 to 33

PIER STREET

Cam

Bus Station

Bollard

oke mbre PePl ac

Square

OM TH

ho are W

12 ET

be am

NEG S JER

ade s Arc

STRE

D S ROA ROW T BUR EAS m 7.55 BM

een

LLY

St David's

Quadrant Centre EN

YORK

St David's

RD GA

8.4m

Centre

nr so

TCBs

Pumping Station

Car Park

Square

Shopping

ade

60 62

UBR IOU S PLA CE

Slo

uare

12 to 20

8 us Pas sag e

ropo le

mbe

Met

Cha

Prince of Wales Dock Royal Buildings

Wassail

ade 's Arc vid

SOMERSET PLACE

6.7m 6.4m

Prospect Place SOMERSET PLACE

us s Ho 16

East Burrows Wharf

s ork W

Salu brio

BM 7.25m Su

21 to 28

812 1a

5.6m

BM 6.66m

inc

ade

ry's Ma

Statue

Bollard

G' KIN

'S RY MA

Car Park

a 18

Y WA

Sq y's Mar

s Arc een Qu

Quadrant Centre Arc St

Posts

Car Park

El Sub Sta

18 S ES INC PR

TCBs

RE UA

Sand Quay

Stores

LANE

rd lla

BATH

SIDE

lity

18 19

TCB s

QUAY PARADE

Prin cipa

ST RE

59 55

811 8

16 to

WIN D STR EET

urch

Bollard Prince of Wales Dock

ry's Ch St Ma

e us

8.24

Sto

are W

51 52

808

806 807

810

Stores

QUAY PARADE

Works

29 to 36

804 805

Works D

PH 89

NELSON STREET

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Superstore STR AN

6.8m

Sand Hoppers

Prince of Wales Dock

Bol

Sand Hoppers

5.5m

N DR

802

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Depot

Lych Gate

Hopper Conveyor

s lter She

TCBs

Hoppers

Superstore

BM 9.92m

Shelter

Warehouse

WAL

(HEOL LANGDON)

Tank

Depot

Quay West

8.48

'S RY MA

(HEOL LANGDON)

El Sub Sta

Bank

WHI

6.4

Works

LANGDON ROAD

El Sub Sta

Tank

Works

8.3m

7.9m

ET N STRE UNIO

5 6

18 19

PA RA DE

e Lan

stl e 2

Garage

Depot

LANGDON ROAD

Bol

Market

Coal Yard Bol

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE) 1

Bank

El Sub Sta

63a 5

13 5

1 to

4 PH

to 60 17

11 ub Cl

)

Store

IN EN

EET STR

El Sub Sta

9.1m

El Sub Sta

247

251

8.5m

7.9m

TCBs

8.8m

Warehouse

LS TE WAL

AR E SQU STL CA

WHI

Bank

Yard

Telephone Exchange

4 to

TCBs

EET ) STR HEN ORD OXF RHYDYC YD (STR

Timber

11.3m

TCBs

256

5.8m

Pond

8.8m

262 TCBs

en)

267

266 263

dych

Well

EO (H

d Rhy eet en) et (Stry d Str for ydych rd Stre Ox Rh Oxfo ryd (St

Park

El Sub Sta

Pond Castle Gardens

273

272

270 to 272

Car

TCBs

275

270 to

EET

K STR

STR

PAR

7m 6.7

10.2

Bol

10.4m

ldin

UNI

ET STRE ILEY LE BA CAST

EET

NG KI

61a

D STR

ple Stree

Bank

9.4m 21

Way

Tem

14.6m

37 to 44

Bol 24

El Sub

Prin

RTL

Bui

Tennis Courts

18.3m

Posts

El Sub Sta PH

nd Mo

2 1a

1 14

108

Shelter

Post

7.3m

Car Park

TCBs

El Sub Sta

32 to

12.5m

Shelter

7.0m 29

Car Park

30 29

12.2m

18.5m

o 246

10.0m

Air Quality Monitoring Station

2 39

.71 13

7.6m

CASTLE STRE

DELHI STREET

Playground

DE RA PA

AY QU

25b

ON RT HO

TCBs

m .06 13

21a

BM 9.91m

The

Car Park

Recreation Ground

7.9m

24 25

AC PL

ay bw Su

R VO

397

13.1m

23.5m

way

DY Y WA GS E KIN DD TH OR (FF IM) EN Y BR

Mount

BM 27.67m

33a

Shelter

New Cut Bridge

7.9m

TCBs

TCB's

27.4m

Memorial

Cinema

ST THOMAS

urt

Bol

Library

Subway

TERR

1 to 4 George Powell House

Car Park

WELCOME LANE

14.0m

College Street

Senior Comprehensive

Y WA IN) GS N KIN BRE DY RD

Car Park

Sub

1 to 7

6.7m

we)

El Sub Sta El Sub Sta

13.4m SM

Dynevor

45.4m

East Field

Club

(New

LL E W VU AY E

Hotel

Windsor Arms

8.8m

Shelt

101

Roseland Terrace

MACKWORTH

St Thomas

Works

Shelter

fon Ta e (A Taw Cut)

Bol

L PAR K ROA

20.7m

River

STRAND

239 to 242

Bank

STRAND ROW

Bol

Car Park

237

Shelter

24.7m

El Sub Sta

Government Offices

Unitarian Church

(PH)

TCB

234

Convent Hostel TCBs

El Sub Sta 6

125

113

42.7m

TERRACE

(PH)

El Sub Sta

W AY

11 12a

Bu 12

Parc Tawe

Church

MACKWORTH

BM 22.95m

The Ship Inn

Car Park

Roseland Terrace

20.7m

Ivy

3 18

LL E

BM 42.29m

TCB

BM 18.24m

NE LA IS 16.1m RR MO Posts

Posts

Tawe Bridge

ROAD

1 to 16

Posts

21 23

19 20 22

14 18

16.2m

Centr

12 16

7.0m

Shelter

Magistrates' Court

WAY

GLAN Y DWYRAIN)

SOU TH PRO SPE CT

House

Comm unity

ISA COED

EAST BANK

El Sub Sta

14.6m

Dryslwyn

(FFORDD

Bol

7.3m

NEW CUT

225 226

PLAC

LANE

226a

228

ITY

PH KINGS

227

TRIN

40.2m

GRE NFEL

27 28 to

UINEA ROAD PENTREG

Stree t

Multistorey Car Park

Pleasant

24 to

13 17

Trinity Buildings

Orchard Centre

Police Headquarters

25.6m PEN

9.4m

15.2m

VICARA GE TERRAC E

Car Park

216

224

Hall

TRIN ITY PLA CE

AC E

217

King

Gospel

E RO PR DU

ROAD

Path

7.0m

212

PLEASANT STREET

(Clinic)

Boys' School

132

210

1 to 28

Police

WALLACE

Track

209a

BE NT HA

9.8m

215

Station

TCB

KI LV

TE RR AC E

209a

TCB

Public Library

16.2m

L PARK

Centre

Mackw orth Court

GREE NFEL

68a

16.8m

1 to

ROAD

LB 207

D ROA

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Oldway

PARK

6 13

CUT

PH 206

NEW

FELL

204

20 38 56

Parc Tawe Fire Station

and College of Art

Health Centre

21 GREN

PLEASANT STREET

BM 40.12m

ara

Track

200 201

39.6m

Vic

18.3m

Track

Midland Cottage

Depot

Burial Ground

199

13.1m

(um)

20 110

32 Path

Bollards

120

AND

BM 7.53m

197

Alexandra House

209

BBC

(covered)

E AC RR

IVEY PLACE

AD RO

A DR AN EX

LL PE

.90 m

9 28 46 64

18.9m

18.3m

HIL L

) h (um

67 43

Car Park

Bank

28 30 Pat

Parc Tawe North

107

Glynn Vivian Art Gallery

Studio

ET RE

CRESCENT

30 40

4 to 6

25 35 21

74 1 to 3

ROW

Shelters

7 1 to

26 36

W ILK

31 41

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

85 83

HIGH STREET (STRYD FAWR)

21 22 32

100

Reservoir St Thomas Schools

TCB's

E RE ST

51.8m

11 29 47 66

TERRACE

CL IFT ON

E CH BE

Chy

Car Park

Centre

Multistorey

Clifton Place

18.6m

High Street Station

19.8m

18.6m

VIE W

Industrial

ROW BM 49.62m

rra

TCBs

38.1m

BM 8.30m

New Cut

JONES

sts Po

89 ST RE

55.5m

AD T RO

ARD STREET NEW ORCH

Car Park

The Foyer

El Sub Sta

Go re

ANV ILLE

Benthall Cottage

E FULLERS

38 .66

Hotel

1 to 34

48 .34 m

42 AC

18.9m

51.2m

CEN ES

TE RR

Institute

Graig Villa

ILL

19 37 55 74 35

MARINER STREET

QUARRY

56.0

El Sub Sta

43.0m

NT MO AU BE

TERRACE

69m

86.0m

KI LV EY

TCB

W IN

8.8m 20.1m

STR

Villa

ROAD

Dinas Fechan

BM 20.59m

EBENEZER STREET

GUINEA

21.0m GRAIG ST

Clifton

58.2m

Government Offices

PENTRE

22.9m BM 46.60m

BM 53.96m

STREET

SHORT

El Sub Sta

180

1 to 12

Station Court

Church

53.0m

Quarry (disused)

10 to 12

Ebenezer

Subway

7 to 9

14 15 16

E AC PL

PLEASANT VIEW

EET STR

4 to 6

St Matthews Court

AIG GR

WATKIN STREET

El Sub Sta

41.7m

1 to 3

The City Temple

Tank

BM 31.21m

2 to 3

TONTINE STREET

UE AVEN

1 to 12 14 to 30

EET

STR

Llys John Davies

42.4m

Government Offices

POWELL STREET

TCB

St Matthew's Church

GRAIG PLACE

FIRM

Works Ty Bryn Glas

Car Park

25.0m

Car Park

House

2 to

BM 21.43m 33.8m

NST

171 to 179

El Sub Sta

D RO

Nelson

Track

BM 95.03m 95.7m

Court

m 26.5

120

D STRE ET HAFO

105

42 72 76

115 64 to

to 117 106

STR EET

CROFT

128

106

23 24 27

TE RR AC E VI EW SE A 39 RO AD

Quarry (disused)

Canoldre Youth Club 6 to

Issues

Row

EVANS TERRACE

El Sub Sta

ans gem Bar

9 to 43

Spreads

El Sub Sta

MATTHEW STREET

Collects 53

Sinks

Depot

-D ON

T ST RE E 58

DY FA TT Y

SEA VIEW

60.3m

Bollard

ROA

Club

JOHN STREET

EET

1 10

STR

30 51

4 G

BM 59.61m

CUT

Friendship House

GRAIG TERRACE

Tr ac k

Issues MAESTE

NEW

1 to 16

BR YN -Y

55.4m

Path (um)

33.8m

BM 22.35m

BETHESDA STREET

Court Tom Williams

DYFATTY STREET

26.2m

ICH O RO AD

AD RO

E OL XH

21.6m

AD RO

JER

BM 8.94m

Bowling Green

VEY KIL

Elephant Street

Dyfatty Park 32.0m

145 lla Bo

14 to 30

TCB

71.0m

143 144

17 to 26

1 to 12

Issues Shelter LB

Bethesda Baptist Chapel

s Ro

Canaan Terrace

10.7m

PCB

(Residential Home)

1 to 60

Ma rtin

Corporation Yard

55.8m

Garage

11 12

11 6

MOR

TERRACE

12a

24.7m

Tra

Playground

146

TCB

Garage

BERWICK

142

Ysgol Crug Glas

The Willows

Bollard

STREET T

Playground

BM 62.14m

Bollard

Garage

Shelter

Depot

(um

)

Garage

THOMAS ROW

Depot

(um

BM 26.73m

Pa th

Warehouse

24.7m

.01 48

PRINCE OF WALES ROAD

Garage

a b St Su

27.7m

81 80

50.3m

HAFOD

140 140 141 141 b a a b

H RT NO

)

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

36.0m

.51 37 BM

AD 83

T OF CR

140

Club

138

BM 12.96 m

58 21

th Pa

Barnsbury Terr

Club

NO RT

Gwyn Mission Hall

Tanks Community Centre

ET RE H ST HIG

Boys'

Tank

Lt Twr

22a

Vi ca

)

(um

dry

BM 46.16m

BM 97.51m

33.8m

97.8m

89m

ts Sain rch

Chu

El Sub Stas

GREENHILL STREET

80.9m

91.7m

All

GREEN HILL

E AC Posts

IST

al Ground

19.2m

Tank

N ROAD BRYN-Y-DO

LL WE

Path

7-8

PT BA

(um)

Path

(dis)

14m

5-6

T CU

Surgery

20.

Quarry

Car Park

22 BM

19.8m

7 55

59 38

BM 82

Lt Twr

Terra ce Cwm

25 12

N STR EET

3-4

99m 66. BM Posts

66.8m

VER NO

ET RE

W NE

Dairy

Paths

l-2

10 10

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

GRIFFITH

1 to 11

31 6

G ID BR

Track

LL WE IST ACE PL

E AC

WB 46 to

Burlais

12.4m

D STRAN UPPER

EL W

42.4m 00m

21 19.

Car Park

49.0m

Pond

19 BM

54 to 56

D A

Car Park 17

The

O R

ST RE

Issues

20.1m

TH R

Drain STR EE

BA PT IS T

E 80

Hafod Bridge

Pond Pond

Sinks

M R

reh ous

A C

VIL LIE

SK IN

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Collects

Tank BM 13.30m

65 60

ST RE ET

LL HA

17. 87m

E PLAC

1 2

18.2m

TON RING HAR

Y STR EET

HE AT FI

15.9m 12 to 22

ST NE R

-G LA SD W

W 75

ROAD

-Y

13.1m

KILVEY

140

141 0

8 to 88

1 to 81

ET RE

24 10

El Sub Sta

ara ge

ET ST JO

41.5m

Shelter 16

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Statue use

Qua

56a

Pum

pho

use

Qua

Abe

rnet

hy Qua

Abe

rnet

hy Squ

are

10 to 5 to

2 1

67 56 to

to 173

1 to 6

Patag

to 30

7 to

Walk

to 149

1 to

Dunes

onia

126

HMO

a Qua

Bollards

150

El Sub Sta

hus

to 24

HIG

Aret

1 to

8 6 1 to 7 to

189

174 to

EET STR

to 199

Car Park

Warehouse

190

DRI

to 223

TON

200

24 to 28

Slipway

16 to 23

18 to

Shingle

Sloping masonry

6.4m

Multistorey Car Park

9 to

1 to

Chel

7 8

13 to 18

Depot

Boat House Post

Mud

12 13 15

Ocean Crescent

Mud

Shingle

to 25 30

to 12

31 to

a Walk hydr

19 to 24

TRA

WLE R RO AD

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Shingle

Warehouse

PAX

ST HUR BAT

Arethusa Quay

to 17

5 to

62 to

RIA

9 to

1 to

24 to 28

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

D R ROA WLE TRA

Multi Car Park

VIC

ROB

26 to

toon

D R ROA WLE TRA

102

PLACE

Warehouse

Bollard

r Pie

Stat

(disused)

Bollard

Slipway

st We

48 to

25 17 to

2 to

Refuse Tip

Landing Stage Sloping masonry

Shingle

we ) Ta er Tawe Riv fon (A

1 14

d W Mu MH

South Dock

5 9

Pontoon

Abernethy Quay

R RO WLE

TRA

6.4m

PCs

Mud

w Ta

Squa

South Dock

fon e (A aw rT

El Sub Sta

Tidal Basin

Bollard

Pie

Sea Scout HQ

st We

ara

ara Ferr

Qua

Landing Stage (disused)

Mud

y 5

Qua

e Riv

Car Park

s lard Bol

Ferr

y Qua

Pon

Workshop

Salmon Leap

Statue

oria

ara Ferr

hy Qua

9 to

Vict

to 125

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Pontoon

Dewsbury Court

Warehouse

Bollard

Bol t HQ

ard

29 to

40 to

34 to 29 to 33

Qua

toon

46 to 50

ara

Ca de

Bollard

ket mar Fish

18 to

Boll

Ferr Pon

ard

Penryce Court

Mean High Water

1 to

Boll

Ho us e

toon Pon

ard

43 to 48

Boll

t ay Cour ria Qu York Victo

nry

1 to

33 34

27 28

21 22

Posts

m 7.30

1 to

1 to 1 to

31 32

25 26

14 to 7 to

Sta

ay bw Su

TCB

El Sub

DUNVAN

to 26

olas St Nich

toon

14 to

ay y Qu

29 Pon

neth

19 to

South Dock

20 to

Aber

toon

Posts

AD RO

29 30

Car Park

ORIA VICT

way Sub

TH OU

so Ma

arf

toon Pon

rnet

EET STR

5.8m

RM TE OYS

Pil ot

Abe

y Qua

Mus

eum

toon Pon

130

Bollard

Pon

urt

Bollard

36 to

7.12

urt or Co Anch

Y QUA

pin Slo

e Co Squir

Posts

Car Park

Marina

28 to

RST THU BA

Car Park

4.9m

El Sub Sta

Bollards

lla

Boat Yard

Posts

ay Subw

Swing Bridge

Bollard

pho

seum al Mu ustri d Ind e an ritim

ERT

Pum

Dylan Thomas Square

tre

ERT

Sloping masonry

ith

Sloping masonry

5.47

6 to

S ROA D (HEO L ROB

TCB

OSE

ISLAND 1 4 6

El Sub Sta

Dunes

14 16

FSs

6.4m

1 to 3

2 1

Park

Marin

e Walk

Sculpture

Combined Churches

ent St Vinc cent Cres

ay ipw Sl

Car

27 28 29

6.4m

Flying Angel

Me an

17 6

W ate r

Sculpture 5

Observatory

Sculpture

Sand

e 11 to

L Twr

Mean High Water

Sand

10 6

Hotel

Driv

ROBERTS ROAD (HEOL ROBERTS)

Sand

ona Cam 8

Hotel

Mean High Water

Water

River

Mean High

El Sub Sta

Tawe

Harbour Office

Bollards

) Tawe (Afon

West Pier

L Twr

Bollard

El Sub Stas Jetty

Sand

0.15

0.3

L Twr

Jetty

Bollard

TCB

BM 6.25m Mean High Water

Sand

Pilot House

Ferryport Landing Stage

Cn Bolla

FSs

lla

Check Point

Bollards Lock

us e

rds

kilometres

Jetty

Sand

sto m

L Twr

BM 6.36m Bollard

Bollard

B l

Figure 5.2: Swansea study area (green) and area of historic map coverage (blue)

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

The medieval town was built in a rough ‘L’ shape, with St. Mary Street running east from the parish church to the south end of the market on Wind Street. The major route through Swansea continued along Frog Street, to the Wassail Gate. Wind Street was one of the principal streets of medieval Swansea, with a market at its northwest end, in the area now known as Castle Square. It is likely to have been built up by the time the town received a murage grant under Edward II in around 1330, with burgage plots lining both sides of the street as far as Mount Street. However, frequent raids on the town made life difficult for the residents of Swansea, and in a bid to encourage settlement, a town charter was granted between 1153 and 1184. The charter was favourable, and confirmed many rights such as pasture land, and ‘each burgess was also entitled to seven acres of land ‘beyond the wood’’ (Griffiths 1978, 265). The early town was already in use as a port, with shipbuilding forming an important part of the economy, as can be seen by the charge of 12d. for each ship constructed from timber cut from the lord’s wood, again through the town charter (Griffiths 1978, 265). Additional evidence can be seen in William de Braose’s charter of 1306, which mentions the quay and ferry. The ferry is likely to have been of the rope and windlass type and was located outside the South Gate. The remains of an early quay (00458w) were discovered to the east of the castle in 1953 (Soulsby 1983, 246). Foreign traders, especially wine merchants were visiting the town and important to the town’s growth. Documents record that ‘prisage of wine shall be paid unto us, to wit, for thirty hogshead carried in one ship from ports beyond the seas as hath hitherto accustomed to be given’ (Thomas 1990, 18). Trade goods included fish from Ireland, iron from Chepstow, pottery from Bristol and wine and salt from the south west of France (Thomas 1990, 21). Such trade was encouraged by the lack of royal customs being levied against incoming goods. Ships from Swansea also ventured far afield, with a trader journeying to Iceland in 1447, exporting corn, wool, coal and lime. Despite these early strides in the growth of the economy, the later Middle Ages saw a marked decline in the fortunes of the town. This follows the pattern seen across much of the country, as the plagues of the 14th and 15th centuries, including the Black Death, devastated the population. The effect was especially destructive where people were grouped together, and Swansea was no exception. It has been estimated that between a third and a half of the population was lost, with an obvious effect on the town’s economy. 5.3.3 Post-medieval However, during the post-medieval period the town began to recover and indeed thrive, and both a cause and an effect of this booming economy was the improvement of the port facilities. Swansea was under the overall administration of the Legal Port of Cardiff but, along with Chepstow, had its own Customs House by 1573 (Lewis 1927, 323), illustrating the town’s importance for maritime trade. The Welsh Port Books indicate that during the latter part of the 16th century, a considerable amount of coal was exported from the area around Swansea to France and the Channel Islands, and from this point the mineral resources, particularly coal, became the major factor behind the extension of Welsh maritime activity. Between 1566-67 and 1602-03, almost all the outshipments from Swansea and Neath were of coal, with just minor quantities from other southeast Wales ports. This accounted for the higher percentages of foreign exports from the Legal Port of Cardiff, compared with that from the Legal Port of Milford (Lewis 1927, xix-xxi). New quays were rapidly constructed, and the level of shipbuilding threatened to get out of hand; a graving dock was built and by 1652 the production of ships was beginning to adversely affect the traffic within the port (Williams 1990, 16). The population rose along parallel lines, with an estimate of 900 in 1545, which increased to 1650 in 1635 (Williams 1990, 18). 43

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

The success of the coal mining industry directly led to the rapid increase of metal smelting in the early 18th century. It took on average eighteen tons of coal to smelt four tons of copper ore, to produce one ton of copper (Williams 1990, 24), so it made economic sense to transport the copper ore to the coal. Consequently, several copper works were established in the Swansea area, such as the Cambrian Works, constructed in 1720. Such metallurgical developments continued to expand well into the 19th century, with Swansea becoming an internationally important production site. The massive copper production fuelled the increased population and economy of the town, until the decline of the industry after the First World War. Recession hit Swansea and the town centre was very nearly obliterated by the ‘Three Nights’ Blitz’ of 1941. Despite this, modern day Swansea has recovered, becoming a centre for tourism and the arts. The economy is also resurgent, as is evident by the many developments, in particular within the maritime quarter. 5.4 The Waterfront Like the River Taff, the River Tawe has had its course substantially altered, less by natural processes than by the creation of the New Cut, which was opened on 14th March 1845. The original course of the River Tawe closely followed the edge of the road known today as The Strand. The river ran immediately east of the castle and it is evident that the main medieval port area was directly below the castle. Archaeological evidence for this was found during rebuilding operations at the rear of the castle. The riverbank was found to have been revetted with wooden piles and oak planks, and possible mooring posts were also found. It is possible that other riverfront were located along the west bank of the River Tawe, where it formed the east side of the medieval town. The huge expansion of the export trade in Swansea from the 17th century onwards required the construction of new docks and quays. These developments are well documented by W. H. Jones (1922). The new quays and docks were situated along the west bank of the River Tawe, and the southern extent of ‘the haven proper’ was marked by ‘the pill’ (Jones 1922, 25-26). This pill, also known as the Cadle Brook, emptied into the River Tawe, roughly along the line of the modern Oystermouth Road. A slide of a pen and ink map of approximately 18th-century date held at Swansea Museum (taken prior to cataloguing) clearly illustrates moored ships in this area around Mount Street and the south part of Wind Street. 1 During the 19th century, the expansion continued with the creation of the New Cut and the various associated quays and wharfs such as Pipe Quay (04648w), Foundery Quay (04643w), Brewery Quay (04634w), Paddington Wharf (04641w) and Culm Wharf (04647w) (see Figure 5.3). By the end of the 19th century, the main dock area shifted to the east side of the River Tawe, and away from the historic port area. The first large dock on the east side was the Prince of Wales’ Dock, which opened in 1881 and was extended in 1898. This was followed by the King’s Dock, which opened in 1909 and a further extension, which opened as the Queen’s Dock in 1920 (Balchin 1971, 287).

Much of Swansea Museum’s maritime archive is currently in storage, awaiting the construction of the new Waterfront Museum, and the original map was not viewed during this study. 44

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1 RO

El Sub Stas

Gwyn Mission Hall

GREEN HILL

BM 46.16m

58 EET HAF OD STR

51 50

106

ck Tra

129

45 43

126

Bo lla rd

120

42 HAFO D STRE ET

11. 99m BM

114

WALES ROAD

113

105

Sta

El Sub

PRIN

A RO

CE OF

Pat h

EN AV GL EN RO Y 22

26.5 m

to 117 106

EET STR CROFT 115 64 to

120

9.35 m

37 SCE NT

NUE

LYD

FOR

CRE

D AVE

River Tawe

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

23 62

86.0m

58.2m

CRESCENT

83 82

SWAN STREET

Shelters HIGH STREET (STRYD FAWR)

ELM HUR

1 to 8

D ROA

ND DLA

Government Offices

180

St Matthews Court

The City Temple

Subway

10 to 12

HEA

7 to 9

4 to 6

Tank

41.7m

1 to 3

33 E

El Sub Sta

BM 31.21m

2 to 3

TONTINE STREET

AVENU

42.4m

60.9m

Wharf, 1st ed OS 1878 1 to 12 14 to 30

ST ELMO

Government Offices

POWELL STREET

St Matthew's Church

Llys John Davies

TCB

2 to

22 32

BM 74.93m

Tank

Works

Ty Bryn

(Afon Tawe)

128

to 117

DY FA TT

23 24 27

E AC RR TE

17.40 m

RE ET

BM 14.41m

Lord Nelson House

Glas

Car Park

30 40

6 to

El Sub Sta

BM 95.03m 95.7m

Subway DW

Surgery

171 to 179

1 to

PO 57.9m

Subw

JOCKEY STREET

25.0m

GRAIG PLACE

ROW

VI EW A SE 39

Canoldre Youth Club

21.6m 161 to 169

Car Park

WI LK S

Quarry 9

El Sub Sta

Row

4 1

ans gem Bar

4 14

1 2

60.3m 31

D ROA

EVANS TERRACE

m) (u

Bollard Depot

JOHN STREET

STREET

GRAIG TERRACE

9 to 43

BM 21.43m

26 36

STRE ET

BM 59.61m

CUT

Club

Bethesda Court

El Sub Sta

31 41

VEY

55.4m

NEW

Friendship House

DYFATTY

1 to 16

Court Tom Williams

BETHESDA STREET

MATTHEW STREET

Playground

KIL

O RO

MAESTEG

21.6m

Dry Dock, 1st ed OS 1878 33.8m

BM 22.35m

Bowling Green

1 to 60

Dyfatty Park

32.0m

Garage

BM 8.94m

ICH

Issues

33.8m

14 to 30

Dry Dock, 1st ed OS 1878

rtin s Ro

JER

26.2m

Bethesda Baptist Chapel

AD RO

E OL XH FO

17 to 26

1 to 12

Elephant Street

55.8m LB

rd lla Bo

Corporation Yard

24.7m

The Willows (Residential Home)

Playground

Shelter LB PCB 40

TCB

(um )

)

Issues

146

Depot

Garage

12a

Canaan Terrace

145

Ysgol Crug Glas

(um

Playground Shelter

Garage

10.7m

143 144

Depot

Bollard

142

THOMAS ROW

m .01 48

Pa th

Warehouse

24.7m

BM 26.73m

Bollard

Garage

1 10

4 7

5 6 11

STREET

PRINCE OF WALES ROAD

T OF

a b St Su

50.3m

Garage

27.7m

140 140 141 141 b a a b

140

HAFOD

36.0m

m .51 37 BM

LL HI

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

T ST OF

th Pa

Barnsbury Terr

Community Centre

EET

Tanks

H STR HIG

33.8m

Lt Twr

GREENHILL STREET

N ROAD

SEA VIEW

BRYN-Y-DO

E AC PL Posts 80.9m

IST PT

TERRACE

WE BA

Tank Tank

Surgery

.17

dry

-8

66.8m 15

74 73

ST RA

40 18

34 29

32 abcd 23

BALACLAVA STREET

7 1

STREET SEBASTOPOL

13a 14 Works

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

18 INKERMAN STREET

10 4

LEWIS STREET

17 16

MIERS STREET

11 10 3

14 10

DE PA RA

Lan

Ca stl e

Cou rt

13 3 4

1 to

5 6

D STR

TCB

18 19

EET

BATH

Stores

LANE

BATH

LAN E

42a

brio

FER

Salu

b Clu

Metr opo Cha le mbe rs

Club

Y BR EN

IN)

11 a 11b

PLA SAL UBR IOUS

STREET

2 1 5 Place Bapti st Chap el

York

PLAC

5 m 7.28

CAM

BRIA

BM 7.00m

Ram

TER

CES GLOU

s rd

6.1m

im Qua nhe Man

Post

Car Park PLAC

se er Hou cest Glou

etts Pock

Wha

TCB SM

Cn Bollards

UCE

toon Pon

STER

Superstore

Leisure Centre

GLO

Dylan Thomas Theatre

Bollard

lla Bo

MO ER ST OY

Superstore

H UT

1 to

Bollard

1 to

TCBs Post

Glou ceste r Cham bers

BURR OWS

Atlantic Buildings

Docks, 1st ed OS 1878

b Sta Su

6.46

21 to

PLAC E

Car Park

Chy

Posts

Club

e aw ) er T we Riv n Ta (Afo

Car Park

6.4m

Bollard 7.0m

El Sub Sta

Buildings

Govt Bldg

Slipway

12 1 to 23 14 to

CE N PLA

12 1 toto 23 14

CE 12 1 to 20 14 to

Car Park

House

33 to 37

7.0m

PLA

Queen's

Multistorey

24 31

23 to 29

PLAC

ST DAV ID'S

STRE

Pres by

9 1 to

3 6

11 to 16

ADEL AIDE

1 to 3

St Dav id's Chu Priory rch

17 to 21

a 12 2

37 35

1 to

BM on Albi s ding

Buil

CAM BRI AN

(museum)

13a 15

ge an s ch Ex ing ild Bu

Buildings

e brok s Pem ding Buil

Exchange

Royal Institution

9 to 13

lard

D S ROA

se n Hou bria

CT VI

Bol

Bollard

Cam

RO W

AN NEG

Works

ROW T BUR EAS m 7.55 BM

1 to

El Sub Sta

S JER

ade

rk Yo rs be am Ch

STRE ET

Dry Dock, 1st ed OS 1878

BE RT

reh Wa

6.7m

Posts

Oldway

Bollard

Flats 1 to 11 Burrows Chambers

27 to 33

PIER STREET

e brok Pem e Plac

s Arc een

YORK

Square

23 25

PIER STREET

LLY

8.4m

St David's

Llys Dewi Sant 1 to 30

ade

adrant Centre

Posts

s Arc

Pumping Station

Car Park

so g ma

een

Slo

are

4 to 11

Squ

Royal Buildings

808

6.7m SOMERSET PLACE

6.4m

EO (H

East Burrows Wharf

Prospect Place SOMERSET PLACE

us Ho ess nc 16 14

rks Wo

Pri

Y S WA

BM 7.25m Su bw

St David's Shopping Centre

Bollard BM 6.66m

5.6m

Car Park

NG KI

ES INC

18a

y's

RE UA SQ

El Sub Sta

Pas sag

St Mar

Posts

Car Park

rds

lla Bo

6.4m

RY SIDE

ST RE

57 56

WIN

Bollard

QUAY PARADE

61 59

8.24

PH 17

QUAY PARADE

53 54

lter She

16 to

Prince of Wales Dock se ou reh

res Sto

Stores

Cha mbe rs

PH 10

Prin cipa lity

Works Works

LS TE WAL

STR AN D

8.3m

51 52

806 804 807 805

Superstore Bollards

WHI

Sand Hoppers

5.5m

14 6

802

11 6

BM 9.92m

m 8.48

11 10

Sand Hoppers

Prince of Wales Dock

Bol Warehouse

12 to 20

49 55

Cou nty

Hopper

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

21 to 28

Tank Depot

Hoppers

Superstore

Works

29 to 36

(HEOL LANGDON)

El Sub Sta

Shelter

37 to 44

Midla STREET

S THOMA

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

39 35 to

nd Cour1 to 11 t

54 53

HIGH STREET

PINKNE Y STREE T

(STRYD FAWR)

17 16 15 12

9 8

7 5

1 Sub way

27a

7 9 4 6 3 5

24 23 22

T RD STREE

ORCHA

Shelter s

13 17 15 13 11

BM 19.43m

11 15

36 32 to

29 27 to

26 PLACE

RICHA RD'S

Trin ity Cou rt

Sta b Su El 41

29 to 43

NE LA IS RR MO

48 47

44 39

Orchard Court

m .61 18

AD RO

DRA

XAN ALE

ELMHURST

NEW STREET

25 to 32 33 to 38

39 to 44 RO AD EX AN DR A

yn Ar n Vi t Ga via n lle ry

ST RE ET

Tra ck

59 60 63 64

9 to 16

1 to 8

17 to 24

39m 39.

56 13

74a to 78

25 35

21 31

49a

43 45

Hotel

Tank

Quay West 6.4

Depot

AR SQU

)

TLE

1 1

PL AC E

CRE

IN EN

ST LEGER

Conveyor

El Sub Sta

LANGDON ROAD

Bol

CAS

L Depot

Bank

T EE N STR

4 to

El Sub Sta

b Clu

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Dry Dock, 1st ed OS 1878

TO NG

Warehouse

Bol

Wassail Square

LLI

39 39a

E WAL WHIT

Churc

N TO NG LLI EE T WE STR

AD RO

Yard

RE UA

St Mary's

EY STRE BAIL

Timber

Telephone

Bank

Statue

Multistorey Car Park

6.7

TLE

ade

CAS

Bol

5.8m

Exchange

Quadrant Centre

EET R STR

Wharf, 1st ed OS 1878

Well

6.8m

11.0m

Bol

48b

Tank

Lych Gate

Arc

SM 10.1m

Sjomanns Kirken

Bol

11.3m

TCBs

ry's

Hall

Dock, 1st ed OS 1878 Shelter

7.9m

BT Tower (02562w)

Hall

BM 21.47m

St Thomas's Church

Church

The Cape Horner (PH)

14.6m

ple Stree

CAE

RY MA

48 48a

Tem

TCBs

22.6m

Vicarage

Posts

El Sub Sta El Sub Sta

Market

DELHI STREET

8.2m

Pond

10.0m

Shelter

Foot Bridge

Castle Gardens

FABIAN WAY

Pond

7.9m

DE RA

Bank

m 10.20

EET

TCBs

(STR

18.3m

7.3m

Way

STR

8.8m

263

TCBs 262 TCBs

cess Prin

ND TLA POR

267

7.9m

7.6m

TCBs

en) dych d Rhy et (Stry rd Stre Oxfo

275 273

TER PLACE WORCES

15.2m

Sta

270 to 272

18.5m

Posts

10.4m

270 to 272

23.5m

El Sub Sta

Bank

9.4m

7.0m

Swansea Castle El Sub Sta

Post

32 to

El Sub

Car Park

TCBs

Library

Air Quality Monitoring Station

Car Park

CASTLE STREET

DELHI STREET

Playground

Bridge

Cinema

Car Park 44

2 39

m .71 13

21a

BM 9.91m

Car Park

New Cut

DD OR IM) (FF EN Y BR

25b

E AC

EET ) STR HEN ORD OXF RHYDYC YD

Bol Memorial

7.9m

24 25

way

WA GS

TCBs

TCB's

Sub

397

VO NE

E KIN

13.1m

266

6.7m

Subway

Church

WELCOME LANE

14.0m

College Street

Dry Dock, Town Tithe 1843

BM 27.67m

1 to 7

ay bw Su

Bol

way Sub

13.4m

8.8m

Shelter

Club

239 to 242

El Sub Sta El Sub Sta

Hotel

STRAND ROW

33a 34

Shelter

STRAND

4 BE LL E WA

27.4m

Unitarian

El Sub Sta 6

Bank

Bol

Car Park

Offices

Church

ates' Court

Shelter

El Sub Sta W AY

El Sub Sta

Government 91

VU E

237

Dry Dock, 1st ed OS 1878

) Tawe (Afon Tawe Cut) River (New

Convent Hostel TCBs

Windsor Arms (PH)

TCBs

Parc Tawe

St Thomas

Works

Car Park

234

TERR

1 to 4 George Powell House

20.7m

East Field

RO W

45 45 46 46

urt

7.0m

14.6m

Shelter 14

The Ship Inn

Tawe Bridge

ROAD

1 to

Multistorey Car Park

NEW CUT

SOU TH PRO SPE CT

WAY

El Sub Sta 228

Y DWYRAIN)

227

7.3m

MACKWORTH

1 to

TY PLAC

BE LL

Roseland Terrace

TERRACE

24.7m

sh Bu

8 10

MACKWORTH

1 2 Roseland Terrace

20.7m BM 22.95m

EAST BANK

Bol

226a

Tributary, Town Tithe 1843 TRINI

TCB

Mount easant

(FFORDD GLAN

225 226

TRIN ITY PLAC E

Centr e

ISA COED

BM 18.24m

Posts

Trinity Buildings

Orchard Centre

16.2m

40 Comm unity

1 NE LA IS RR 16.1m MOPosts

Ivy

224

15.2m

E TERRAC E

PEN

VICARAG

21 23

19 20 22

14 18

28 to

12 16

9.4m

Hall

25.6m

217

Car Park

24 to

13 17

INEA ROAD PENTREGU

1 to 28

Car Park

216

Gospel

Health Centre

L PARK

2 1a

PL AC E

212

GREE NFEL

NT HA LL

Path

7.0m

210

16.8m

Parc Tawe North PLEASANT STREET

ROAD

FU LL ER S

LV EY TE RR AC E

9.8m

215

Police Station Public Library and College of Art

21 ELL PARK

34 KI

Wharf 1st ed OS 1878

Track

209a

18.3m

GRENF

Vic ara ge

68a

209 209a

TCB

BM 40.12m

207

IFT

Wharf, 1st ed OS 1878

PH 13

Oldway

Mackw orth Court

39.6m

Parc Tawe Fire Station

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

206

Sta

13.1m

Track

204

Path (um) E

Bollards

Depot

32 72

BM 7.53m

200 199 201

Sub

Burial Ground

Centre

4 to 6

1 to 3

28 30

IVEY PLACE

197

18.6m

18.3m

)

.90 m

RR TE

9 28 46 64

201 38 56

Alexandra House

TCBs

11 29 47 66

STREET

TERRACE

107

ST RE

(um

Path

AD RO

The Foyer

BBC

St Thomas Schools

Hotel

Industrial Centre

Studio

New Cut

JONES

18.9m

1 to 34

51.8m

Multistorey Car Park

Institute

Pos

KIL VE

EX AL

Clifton Place

TCB's

El Sub Sta

43.0m

ROA

Car Park

Wharf, 1st ed OS 1878 2m

.66 m

38.1m

BM 8.30m

Chy

Station

AN STR

VIE

High Street 19.8m

18.9m

QUARRY

T RO

41 42

T EN

BA Y

W NE

NEW ORCHARD

RR AC E

NVIL

Dry Dock, 1st ed OS 1878

19 37 55 74

MARINER STREET

Wharf, 1st ed OS 1878 53.0m

BM 53.96m

GRA

8.8m 20.1m

WI ND MI LL

ESC T CR ON

BM 20.59m

EBENEZER STREET

A ROAD

1 to 12

GRAIG ST

Dinas Fechan

UM BEA

TERRACE PLEASANT VIEW

21.0m

EGUINE PENTR

AC PL

Station Court

22.9m BM 46.60m

14 15 16

AIG GR Ebenezer Church

Bollard SM

Bollards

Car Park Posts

6.7m

Cn eum Mus

exe Ann

Bollards

Posts Lock

PH PH

48 to

2 to

6 1 to

17 to

Abernethy Quay

Pontoon

22 5 to

10 to 6

16 2 3

8 5 to

WLE TRA

9 to

D R ROA

Slipw

67 56 to

South Dock 150

to 17

189

ER ROA

174 to

Multistorey Car Park to 223

DRI

12 to

toon

200

18 to

16 to 23

62 to

15 1 to

24 to 28

TON PAX

Pon

Sloping mason

Shingle

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

r Pie

7 to

R ROA

TO RIA

we Ta we) er Riv fon Ta (A

24 to 28

WLE

e) aw

26 to

ara

TRA

34 35

d W Mu MH

Ferr

y Qua

T fon

VIC

Mud

Sea Scout HQ

Salmon Leap Bollard

Pie

Ca de t HQ

ards

st We

Qua

(A we Ta er Riv

ket mar

y ria Qua

El Sub Sta

24 18 to

9 to

21 6 to

Fish

ard Boll

y Qua

re ra Squa ue Ferra Stat Statue ra Sq Ferra 29 to

nry so

arf

1 to

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

43 to 48

South Dock

us e Wh

Car Park

Boll

ara Ferr

toon Pon

0.2

12 1 to

y Qua

Pontoon

Pil ot

Se a

oon Pont

Bolla

oria Vict

Marina

Bollard

1 to

14 to

oon Pont

toon Pon

t Cour

olas St Nich

York

kilometres Victo

20 to

oon Pont

South Dock

y Qua neth Aber

34 to

Penryce Court Dewsbury Court

are y Quay rneth y Squ Abe rneth Abe

28 to 35

40 to 29 to 33

y Qua

oon

46 to 50

Y QUA

eum Mus

rt Cou

g Ma pin Slo

Boat Yard

y se Qua phou

36 to 43

21 22

1 to

Pum

0.1

Bo lla rd

eum

rd Bolla

Posts

7.30m

l Mus

19 to

14 to

1 to 1 to

33 34

stria Indu

Posts SM

Sta

31 32 27 28

and

y Qua neth Aber

ay Subw

ORIA VICT

7 to El Sub

29 30

25 26

hor

Pont

t re Cour

Swing Bridge

7.12m

Anc

ay bw Su

TCB

Posts SM

Y QUA

se Qua phou

Bollard

Squi SM

Pum

Dylan Thomas Square

time Mari

Posts

Car Park

tre ea ith ph

Car Park

4.9m

Tawe Basin

Statue TCB

Subw

El Sub Sta

Car Park

Figure 5.3: Swansea waterfront features

Shingle

Sloping

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

5.5 Discussion It is clear that the medieval and earlier post-medieval port of Swansea was located along the west bank of the River Tawe. The potential for surviving waterside features is evident from the remains discovered below the castle and the wood discovered during the excavation of the basement of the present BT tower (02562w). This clearly demonstrates the potential for organic material, including palaeoenvironmental information, to be preserved in the alluvial clays of the River Tawe, and this stretch of waterfront is all considered to be of high potential, except where previous developments will have removed any potential surviving deposits. Other areas, including the River Tawe itself, have been assigned a medium potential (see Figure 5.4).

Terra ce

(u m)

Path

FOXHOLE ROAD

137b

ge ra

11 6

TERRACE

Tra ck

17.4 0m

129

128

106

126

42 ET

Bo lla rd

105

STRE OD HAF

99m 11. BM

WALES ROAD

AD RF A RO

Sta

AV EN RO

Magazine

Bungalow

Spring

Row

57.9m

BM 117.01m

m 9.35

128.0m 21

60.9m

SWAN STREET

1 to 8

Tank

Lord

ND DLA HEA

BM 14.41m

ST ELMO

161 to 169

El Sub Sta

y Subwa

Surgery

JOCKEY STREET

21.6m

BM 74.93m

ay Subw

120

Playground

T EN ESC

NUE

LYD FOR

ELM HUR ST

23 13

ELMHURST

74a to 78

RA ST

Tra

DR IN G

Ga ll Ta 41

LA NE MO RR

48 47 45 46

St a Su b El 41

27a

61 24

urt Midla 1 to 11 nd Co

ET ST RE NL EY KI

SEBASTOPOL

Works

STREET BALACLAVA

abcd

13a

STREET

20 17 16

MIERS STREET

T STREE

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

MAES STREET

LEWIS STREET

PINKN

10 EY STREE

THOMA S

BM 19.43m

54 53

FAWR)

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

INKERMAN STREET

17 16 15

9 8 5

AD E

1 2

Cou

QU A

YP AR

Lan e

e Ca stl

LA NE

nty Cou

1 to

AG EE N DR GR

8 9

rs mbe Cha

53 54

BAT

H LAN

RY FER

BM 6.66m

BM 7.25m

b Clu

ole

b Clu

rop

mbe

Met

Y IN

Cha

SOMERSET PLACE

6.4m

6.7m

SOMERSET PLACE

East Burrows Wharf

Prospect Place

ork

a 11

)

b 11

Prince of Wales Dock

g pin ma

812 14

4 to 11

SAL

Flats 1 to 11 Burrows Chambers

27 to 33

6.7m

a 12

STREET

Posts

2 ist

Place

Bapt

Chap

id's Prio Chu ry rch

ST DAV ID'S

Pres

3 6

9 1 to

1 4

PLA CE

St Dav

1 to 3 York

ADEL AIDE

11 to 16

8 7

37 35

Mon

Glou cest er Cham bers

BUR ROW

Ram

Club

6.4

Posts

46 1 to se k Hou

S PLAC

Atlantic

6.4m

Cor

L Twr

Bollard

R PLA STE

GLO UCE

6.1m

TCBs Post

Superstore

ER ST

nhe Man

cest

er Hou

Qua

kett Poc

Depot

rf s Wha

Bollard

TCB Pon

toon

STER

PLA

Glou

Bollards

GLO UCE

Post

Car Park

AD RO

Leisure Centre Dylan Thomas Theatre

Bollards

a b St Su

Chy

H UT MO

SP TCB

lla Bo

1 to

Bollard

36 1 to House vers Wea

Car Park

RO W

6.4m

Bollard

Buildings

(HEOL Y BRENIN)

BM 6.79m El Sub Sta

th Hou mou

e aw er T w e) Riv n Ta (Afo

LB CE

Car Park

Swin KING'S ROAD

BM 7.00m

Buildings

Govt Bldg

Warehouse

Bollard 7.0m

12 1 to 23 14 to se Hou con Bre

12 1 to 20 to 14

House

Bollard Bollard

m CE 7.28 PLA AN BRI

6.4m

CAM

Queen's

Multistorey Car Park

Oldway

Bollards

Slipway 12 1 to 23 14 to se Hou nor Rad

1 to 30

Multistorey Car Park

llar Bo

BRIA N PLA

9 to 13

CAM

(museum)

7.0m

on Albi gs ldin

Bui

Royal Institution

12 ms 1 to Roo mbly Asse

33 to 37

17 to 21

13a 15

24 31

S ROA

Llys Dewi Sant

ge an ch Ex ings ild Bu

ROW T BUR m 7.55

Posts

use

Exchange Court

STRE

Exchange Buildings

Bollard

23 to 29

e brok Pemildings Bu

n Ho bria Cam

OM TH

VIC

RIA TO

Works

AD RO

EAS

Square

oke mbre PePl ac

El Sub Sta

AN NEG S JER

e cad Ar

LLY

ns ee Qu

St David's

1 to

to 44

PIER STREET

to 16

rk rs be am Ch Yo

STRE

Bollard

e us ho

UBR

Pumping Station

Car Park

are W

nr so

e ad s Arc

IOU S PLA CE

Slo

een

uare

Royal Buildings

811

Y WA

e us s Ho es 16 inc Pr 14

bw ay

6.4m

Bolla

Bollard Bollards

Car Park Posts

6.7m

Cn Ann

Bollards Travelling

exe

Posts Lock p

eum Mus

Car Park

Tawe Basin

Workshop

Crane

PH PH

810

AD RO

Salu brio

42a

5.6m

808

806 807

8 Pas sag

Bollard

30 NG KI

Car Park

a 18

El Sub Sta

Sand Quay

Stores

LANE

Wo rks

804 805

lity

EET

QUAY PARADE

RE ET

M AR Y

Prin cipa

802

6.4m

51 52

61 59 57

63a

to 60 63

Bollard

BATH

SIDE

12 to 20

49 55

18 19

21 to 28

TCB s

29 to 36

16 to

WIN D STR

lla Bo

INC PR

s Sq ary' St M

Posts

Car Park

Bollard Prince of Wales Dock

e us ho

8.24

QUAY PARADE

37 to 44

7 9 4 6 3 5

55 19

HIGH STRE ET (STRYD

EET ORCHA RD STR

Sub way 39

35 to

3 1

11 15 8 10

36 32 to

29 27 to 26

PLACE ARD' S

RICH

Shelte rs 13 7

5 1

Su bw ay

6 4

39 37

29 to 43

18 .61 m BM 1

Hotel

LEE STREET

45 46 44

AD RO DR A AN AL EX

Gl yn Ar n Vi t Ga vi an lle ry

W RO

Sta Sub El rt Cou Trin ity

63 64

25 to 32

33 to 38

39 to 44

W RO ER S

LL FU 19

SM IFT ON

AR OA D ALEX ANDR

1 ND

DW NEW STREET

Orchard Court

17 to 24

9 to 16

13 1a

39. 39m BM 28

1 to 8

7 18

120 132

IV E SA PL EA T UN

14 12

56 58

17 15

13 11 5

3 14

Stores 12

re Sto

are W

60 62

42 44 46

PL AC E

RO VE

60 62 64

8 2

49a

17 NT

rs elte

Works

78 82 84

Works

El Sub Sta

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Sand Hoppers Bollards

WAL

5 6

Sand Hoppers

Superstore ST

ITE

6 M O

108

94 96

1a 1

12 12a

10 7

11 12a

m 8.48

ET UA SQ

AL BE RT

Depot Conveyor

Prince of Wales Dock

Bol Warehouse

ET RE N ST TO

ENT CRESC

Hoppers Hopper

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

N TO ET

ST LEGER

Shelter Superstore

YORK

ING LL WE STRE

Quay West

(HEOL LANGDON)

Tank

El Sub Sta

lti Mu r Pk Ca

6.4

Centre

Bus Station

(HEOL LANGDON)

Depot

Works

Quadrant Centre

) IN

Tank

5.5m

Shopping

ING

St David's

LL WE

TCBs

Works

Bol

8.4m

EN RD GA

Garage

LANGDON ROAD

El Sub Sta LANGDON ROAD

RE S Y' AR M ST

EO (H

Coal Yard

Depot

Square

ade Arc

Store

Bol

Wassail

's vid Da

E SQ STL

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

BM 9.92m

Statue

Warehouse

4 to

El Sub Sta

b Clu

N STRE UNIO

60 62

ade Arc

REET PH

Quadrant Centre

ry's

7m 6.7

TCBs

ST ILEY LE BA CAST

Timber

Telephone Exchange

6.8m

Bol

WAY

Coal Yard

Yard

Bank

urch ry's Ch St Ma

Lych Gate

NELSON STREET

FABIAN

9.8m 11.0m

RE UA

TCBs

Shelter 15 11

10.1m

8.2m Sjomanns

5.8m

Church

BM 11.64m

Well

8.3m

l Sta

MP 48

Bank

11.9m

Depot

EET R STR CAE

7.9m

TCBs

Kirken

El Sub Sta

7.9m

Foot Bridge

El Sub Sta

Market

ROAD

Pond

9.1m

ANT

Bol

Tank

Pond Castle Gardens

o 246

TENN

PORT

El Sub Sta

Hall

Shelter

et ple Stre

WAL

8.5m

247

39a

Tem

TE WHI

Bank 8.8m

256

10.0m

Shelter

14.6m

28 EET ) STR HEN ORD DYC OXF RHY YD (STR

48b

0m 10.2

EET STR

262 TCBs

TCBs

251

St Thomas's Church

Church

(PH)

12.2m

Posts

11.3m

TCBs TCBs

BM 12.62m 35

23.5m

Bol

Way

8.8m

263

48a

cess

EET STR

61a

ldin

UNI

267

266

El Sub Sta

Prin

Sta

El Sub

ND TLA

Bui

Park

Hall

BM 21.47m

FABIAN WAY

TCBs

273 en) dych t d Rhy ee en) et (Stry d Str for ydych rd Stre Ox Rh Oxfo ryd (St

272

270 to 272

9.4m

275

270 to

Car

Vicarage

Posts

Bank

EET K STR

22.6m

POR

nd PAR

Post

10.4m

DELHI STREET

El Sub Sta STER PLACE WORCE

The

32 to

El Sub Sta

Tennis Courts

18.3m

Cape Horner 7.9m

7.0m

7.3m

Car Park

TCBs

ET CASTLE STRE

Air Quality Monitoring Station

Car Park

12.5m

Playground

DE RA

30 29

12.2m

Y WA IN) GS N KIN BRE DY RD

25b

18.5m

New Cut Bridge

15.2m PH

.71

2 39

ON RT HO

TCBs

7.6m

PO 36

DELHI STREET

Memorial

Cinema

Car Park

m 06

21a

BM 9.91m

Bol

Recreation Ground

Car Park

7.9m

13.1m

way

AC PL

y wa Sub

397

R VO NE DY

Y WA GS E KIN DD TH OR (FF IM) EN Y BR

Mount

Church

TCBs

TCB's

23.5m

Library

Subway

6.7m

Senior Comprehensive

Club

WELCOME LANE

14.0m

College Street

ST THOMAS

BM 27.67m

Sub

1 to 7

27.4m

El Sub Sta El Sub Sta

13.4m SM

Dynevor

TERR

1 to 4 George Powell House

33a

Shelter

LL E VU AY E

Hotel

St Thomas

8.8m

(N ew

Bol

Shelt

101

45.4m

East Field MACKWORTH

Windsor Arms

Shelter

we) fon Ta e (A Taw Cut)

STRAND

STRAND ROW

239 to 242

Bank

Bol

Car Park

237

Shelter

PAR K ROAD

20.7m

El Sub Sta

Unitarian Church

125

113

FELL

Roseland Terrace

24.7m LB

8 TCB

Government Offices

TCBs

El Sub Sta 6

42.7m

TERRACE

urt Co

Works

River

Convent Hostel

El Sub Sta

W AY

(PH)

Tawe Bridge

234

Pleasant

MACKWORTH

BM 22.95m

The Ship Inn

Roseland Terrace

20.7m

(PH)

BM 42.29m

TCB

NE LA IS RR 16.1m MO Posts

Posts

Car Park

20 E

Posts

BM 18.24m

sh Bu

3 LL

Magistrates' Court

WAY

GLAN Y DWYRAIN)

1 to 18 BE

16.2m

Cent

ISA COED

19 20 22

Parc Tawe

Shelter

Comm unity

PEN

GREN

40.2m

EAST BANK

SOU TH PRO SPE CT

GE TERRAC

21 23

14 18

7.0m

14.6m

Dryslwyn

(FFORDD

ROAD

PLAC

El Sub Sta NEW CUT

ITY

Bol

7.3m

Multistorey Car Park

Police Headquarters

VICARA

Ivy

224

TRIN

LANE

228

ITY PLA CE

PH KINGS

226a 227

TRIN

TCB

225 226

1 to

Trinity Buildings

Orchard Centre

AD RO

25.6m

28 to

12 16

UINEA ROAD

217

PENTREG

(Clinic)

Boys' School

RR AC E

24 to

Car Park

9.4m

15.2m

AC E

7.0m

Stree t

Hall

ROAD

30 34

Path

16.8m

212

King

Gospel

Health Centre

WALLACE

E PR DU

210

Track

209a

1 to 28

Police Station

PLEASANT STREET

NFEL L PARK

215

Public Library

GREE

KI LV

BE NT

9.8m

216

and College of Art

STREET

ROAD

209a

orth Court

PARK

2 207

68a

Centre

Mackw

CUT

206

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

PLEASANT

16.2m

18.6m

ara

21 GREN FELL

Oldway

TCB

BM 40.12m

39.6m

209

BBC

13.

Track

Midland Cottage

NEW

Parc Tawe Fire Station

28 30

204

18.6m

(um)

E AC

Bollards

200 201

Track

199

18.3m

HIL L

Path

Burial Ground

Vic

20 38 56

Car Park

D AVE

River Tawe

(Afon Tawe)

82 30 40

25 35

31 20

4 to 6

110

24 72

13.1m

Depot

197

107

(covered)

RR TE

9 28 46 64

BM 7.53m

Alexandra House

) h (um

.90

VE Y

IVEY PLACE

AD RO

RE ST

CRESCENT

W ILK S

31 41

ROW

Shelters

7 1 to

26 36

1 to 3

100

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

HIGH STREET (STRYD FAWR)

85 83

21 22 32

38 20

18.9m

Car Park

LL PE

Reservoir

Pat

BM 17

Parc Tawe North

Bank

ARD STREET

11 29 47 66

TERRACE

Glynn Vivian Art Gallery

18.3m

E RE

51.8m

St Thomas Schools

Multistorey

Benthall Cottage

Studio

New Cut

Chy

KIL

AN EX

High Street Station

Car Park

TCBs

E CH

VI EW

TCB's

CL IFT

38.1m

BM 8.30m

19.8m

Centre

House

T EN

AD T RO CU

Clifton Place

NEW ORCH

Industrial

ROW BM 49.62m

Te rra ce

18.9m

ROA D

.66

D AN STR

ESC

The Foyer

48 .34 m

LLE

19 37 55 74

JONES

sts Po

Graig Villa

FULLERS

Hotel

55.5m BM

42 AC

Car Park

A DR

51.2m

TE RR

El Sub Sta

1 to 34

07m

TERRACE

53.0m

MARINER STREET

Institute

56.

GRA NVI

W IN DM IL L

8.8m 20.1m

QUARRY

AU BE

A ROAD

1 to 12

Dinas Fechan

BM 20.59m

EBENEZER STREET

EGUINE

E GRAIG ST

43.0m

Villa

PENTR

21.0m

El Sub Sta

86.0m 14

58.2m

14 15 16

PLEASANT VIEW

22.9m BM 46.60m

TCB

69m

180

Government Offices

AIG

Station Court

Church

Clifton

10 to 12

Ebenezer

BM 53.96m

STREET

SHORT

Quarry (disused)

Subway

7 to 9

WATKIN STREET

4 to 6

St Matthews Court

El Sub Sta

E AVENU

EET STR

El Sub Sta

41.7m

1 to 3

NE LA

Tank

BM 31.21m

2 to 3 TONTINE STREET

IS RR

1 to 12 14 to 30

Government Offices

POWELL STREET

TCB

EET STR

GRAIG PLACE

FIRM

Llys John Davies

Works

Ty Bryn Glas

Car Park

St Matthew's Church

42.4m

House

2 to

BM 21.43m

25.0m

Car Park

The City Temple

171 to 179

El Sub Sta

33.8m

NST

Track

BM 95.03m 95.7m

Court

6 to

EVANS TERRACE

Bethesda

Canoldre Youth Club

26.5

El Sub

PRIN CE OF

Issues Quarry (disused)

114 113

64 to 115

Sinks

El Sub Sta

ans gem

9 to 43

Spreads

El Sub Sta

ROA

Bar

JOHN STREET

GRAIG TERRACE

120

to 117 106

EET STR

CROF T

VI EW A SE 39 AD RO

Path

EET STR OD HAF

to 117

ST RE ET DY FA TT Y

58 23 24 27

RR AC E TE

46 50

SEA VIEW

13 19

30 34

4 14

1 16

CUT

Friendship House

1 to 16

Club

MATTHEW STREET

Collects 53

BM 59.61m Bollard Depot

Nelson

ac k

60.3m 31

NEW

Court

DYFATTY STREET

STRE ET

BM 22.35m

BETHESDA STREET

Tom Williams

Issues MAESTE G

14 to 30

33.8m

21.6m

55.4m

11 12

137b

137a

70 64 21

26.2m

Bethesda Baptist Chapel

AD RO

E OL XH

) m

RIC

Path (um)

rd lla

17 to 26

1 to 12

Dyfatty Park

1 14

Elephant Street

(Residential Home)

BM 8.94m

Bowling Green

40 Bo

Yard

The Willows

1 to 60

Issues Shelter LB PCB

Corporation

32.0m

s Ro

10.7m

24.7m

TCB

Ma rtin

Y RO VE

KIL

12a

146

TCB

Tra

Playground

Canaan Terrace

145

Ysgol Crug Glas

71.0m

T OF

Garage

Bollard

THOMAS ROW

143 144

BR YN -Y -D ON

Bollard

Garage

Shelter

BM 26.73m

Garage

(u m)

TERRACE

Garage

(um )

Garage

55.8m

BM 62.14m

HAFOD

Depot

Pa th

STREET

m .01

50.3m

Warehouse

24.7m

142

BERWICK

137

44 52

PRINCE OF WALES ROAD

b Su

th Pa

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Playground

HI LL

138

m BM 12.96

Gwyn Mission Hall

Lt Twr

LL HI

Depot

Tank

27.7m

T OF

5 6

140 140 141 141 b a a b

7 55

22a

65 60

28 23

)

Tank

m .51

140

MOR

Path

(um

7-8

36.0m

37 BM

River Tawe

ous

Cwm

5-6

Barnsbury Terr

Club

)

ts Sain All rch Chu

El Sub Stas

Tanks Community Centre

EE STR

Boys'

97.8m

89m

19.2m

BM 46.16m

H HIG

33.8m 27

91.7m

(um

Path

3-4

80.9m

N ROAD

BM 97.51m

al Ground

La un dry

AD RO

E AC Posts

GREENHILL STREET

IST

Path

(dis)

14m

LL WE

BRYN-Y-DO

GREEN HILL

20.

Quarry

Car Park

19.8m

T CU

Surgery 19

.1 7m

Lt Twr

GRIFFITH

1 to 11

31 12 EE T

ND STRA

66.8m

NO N STR

BM 82

Dairy

Paths

VER

l-2

BR PO

Track

ET RE ST

10 0

The

46 to

54 to 56

42.4m

19. 00m

Burlais

UPPER

99m 66. BM Posts

Pond

12.4m

a 10

Car Park 17 19

LL WE E IST PT PLAC

PT BA

Issues

Car Park

49.0m

Drain STR

20.1m

W EL L

LIE RS

Sinks

PT IS

Hafod Bridge

Pond Pond

Wa reh

PH 44

EN TH

Collects

Tank BM 13.30m

TON RING

VIL

RR AC E

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

L 30

HAR

ST RE ET

AR M AR

22 87m

6m .9 17

17.

FI EL

1 2

LL HA

PLA

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

IN NE

12 to 22

18.2m

15.9m SD W

ROAD

EE T

KILVEY

-G

Y STR

-Y

141

8 to 88

13.1m

W HE

140 6

1 to 81

25 ET RE ST

24 10

El Sub Sta

7m .1 41

rag ET RE ST JO

41.5m

Shelter 16

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Statue

Abe

rnet

hy Squ

are

Ho us

Se a

toon

Bollard

48 to

T fon (A we Ta er

Sea Scout HQ

2 to

10 to 5 to

2 1

Posts

67 56 to

8 6 1 to

1 to 15

to 223

174 to

189

150

to 173

190 to 199

Dunes

onia

Patag

13 to 18

19 to 24

OSE

ISLAN 1 4 6

Mud

Post

Depot

Boat House 31 to

12 13 15

Ocean Crescent

High potential

Dunes

102

to 125

6.4m

Combined Churches

6.4m

Flying Angel

1 to 3

2 1

ate

e Walk Marin

ent St Vinc t cen Cres

ay pw

Park

Sculpture Sli

Car

27 28 29

Hi gh

Sculpture 5

Mud

Shingle

to 25 30

to 12

k ra Wal lhyd Che

1 to

9 to

to 30

1 to

Walk

to 149

1 to

126

Warehouse Bollards

7 to

200

12 to

Slipway

7 to

y Qua

7 8

El Sub Sta FSs

Shingle

Sloping masonry

El Sub Sta

to 24

husa

OR HMO HIG

Aret

Car Park

TRA WL ER RO AD

Shingle

Multi Car Park

EET STR

1 to

5 to

62 to

9 to

DRI

D R ROA

D R ROA WLE

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Shingle

6.4m

Multistorey Car Park

South Dock

PLACE

TRA

Bollard

Slipway

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Warehouse

TON

29 26 to

toon Pon

WLE TRA

Warehouse

Bollard

16 to 23

RIA

24 to 28

VIC TO

Stat ara

Refuse Tip

(disused)

r Pie

24 to 28

9 to

st We

y Qua

PCs

Mud

Landing Stage Sloping masonry

Shingle

we ) r Ta we Ta

ST HUR

BAT

Arethusa Quay

PAX

to 23

fon (A

Pontoon

Ferr

Qua

ara Ferr

Statue

oria

re Squa

DUNVAN

Qua

Ferr

39 Vict

ara

40 to 34 to 29 to 33

ara

toon

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Pontoon

WL TRA

6.4m

ard

29 to

Ferr

Pon

Penryce Court

Dewsbury Court

South Dock

1 14

ard Boll

El Sub Sta

Tidal Basin

18 to

Boll

46 to 50

5 9

toon

Quay

ria Victo

d W Mu MH

Pon

urt

er t Pi

1 to

ard Boll

Co York

43 to 48

21 22

Posts

m 7.30

es W

SM BM

33 34

27 28

Car Park

1 to

1 to 31 32

25 26

14 to 7 to

Sta

e) aw

El Sub 29 30

TCB

AD RO

1 to

TH OU RM

ay bw Su

1 to

5.8m

OYS

Abernethy Quay

way

130

Bollard

Riv

to 25

Qua

Workshop

Landing Stage (disused)

Mud

ards

1 to

olas

ket mar

Warehouse

Bollard

Bol Salmon Leap

Car Park Boll

Fish

Bollard

Ca de t HQ

St Nich

lot

14 to

ay y Qu

toon

to 27

Pon

neth Aber

Y QUA

ORIA

toon

19 to

Sub

VICT

South Dock

Pon

y hy Qua

EET

Pon

28 to

STR

toon Pon

urt

rnet Abe

y Qua

36 to

RST HU

eum Mus

7.12 urt or Co Anch

e Co Squir

Posts

Car Park

Marina

Bollard

rnet Abe

way

BAT

Car Park

4.9m

El Sub Sta

Bollards Mean High Water

nry

ERT

use

so g Ma pin Slo

lla rd

ROB

56a

pho

y hy Qua

Posts

Sub

Swing Bridge

Boat Yard

Pum

Qua

D (HE

y Qua

Bollard

Sloping masonry

5.47

an ime Marit

seum

S ROA

use pho

ial Mu dustr d In

ROB ERT

Pum

Dylan Thomas Square

tre ea

6 to

ith ph Am

Sloping masonry

TCB

Observatory

Sculpture

Sand

L Twr (HEOL ROBERTS)

Mean High Water

Sand

Medium potential

10 6

Mean High

Water

Mean

River

High Water

El Sub Sta

ROBERTS ROAD

Hotel

we)

West Pier

Ta (Afon Tawe

Low potential L Twr

Bollard

Harbour Office

Bollards

Driv

ona

11 to

Cam Hotel

Swansea Castle El Sub Stas

Sand

Jetty

0.15

0.3

L Twr Jetty

Bollard

TCB BM 6.25m

Mean High Water

Sand

Stage Bolla

FSs DW

Jetty

Check Point

Sand

Bo lla

Bollards Lock

L Twr

sto m

kilometres

Pilot House

Ferryport Landing

BM 6.36m Bollard

Bollard

Figure 5.4: Swansea zones of archaeological potential

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Bibliography Primary sources Badminton Estate Map Books of 1764, Vol 1 Book of Maps comprising estates within Gower and Kilvey in the county of Glamorgan, 1803 Buck S and Buck N, 1732, an engraving of the north-east view of Chepstow Castle Bute Estate Map, 1824 Coxe W, 1801, Plan of Chepstow Dawson R, 1832, Map of Newport Duke of Beaufort’s Property in Chepstow, 1899 Evans J, 1823, Plan of Swansea Jones B, 1771, A Plan of the River Swansey Millerd J, 1686, Millerds Map of Chepstow Morris D, 1847, Plan of Newport Morris T, 1829, Newport Newport Town Plan, 1762 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1876, Glamorgan Sheet 47.3 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1876, Glamorgan Sheet 43.15 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1878, Glamorgan Sheet 24.5 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1882, Monmouth Sheet 26.13 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1882, Monmouth Sheet 31.1 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 1.11 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 1.16 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 4.10 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 4.20 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 4.24 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 4.25 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.5 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.8 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.9 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.10 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.13 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.14 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 8.15 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 16.14 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 16.19 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1883, Monmouth Sheet 16.24 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1884, Monmouth Sheet 1.6 Ordnance Survey, 1st edition 25”, 1884, Monmouth Sheet 4.5 Ordnance Survey, 2nd edition, 1899, Glamorgan Sheet 24.1 Plan of the Town and the Liberties of the Borough of Newport in the County of Monmouthshire, 1794 48

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Port of Cardiff, 1849 Port of Cardiff 1855 Speed J, 1610, Map of Cardiff Tithe Map, Cardiff, 1843 Tithe Map, Swansea, 1843, Parish Section Tithe Map, Swansea, 1843, Town Section Tithe Map, Newport, 1843 Town and Borough of Newport, c1750 Thomas L, 1761, Map of the Fee of Trewyddva Wood J, 1835, Plan of Chepstow Wood J, 1836, Plan of Newport Wood J, 1830s, Plan of Cardiff Yates, 1799, Yates Map of Glamorgan Secondary sources Alban J R, 1984, Swansea 1184-1984, Swansea City Council, Swansea Armitage E S, 1912, Early Norman castles of the British Isles, Gregg International, Farnborough Balchin, WGV, 1971, Swansea and its region, University College of Swansea Swansea Barnes R V, 1978, Merthyr Historian Vol. 2: the railway age in Wales, Merthyr Tydfil Historical Society, Merthyr Tydfil. Barrie D S M, 1994, A regional history of the railways of Great Britain, Vol 12, South Wales (2nd Edition), David St. John Thomas, Nairn Bowden N L and Thomas D G, 1974, Swansea old and new, EP Publishing, Wakefield Bowen R E, 1966, Journal of SE Wales Industrial Arch Soc Vol 1 No. 2, 34-43 Bradney J A, 1929, A History of Monmouthshire IV Hundred, Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke, London Buckman R, 1990, The photographic work of Calvert Richard Jones, Science Museum, London Chappell, E L, 1939, History of the port of Cardiff, Merton Priory Press, Frome Chepstow Society, 1998, Chepstow town trail, Chepstow Society, Chepstow Chepstow Society, 1999, The george and the gate, Whitehouse Press, Lydney Courtney P, 1994, Medieval and later Usk, University of Wales Press, Cardiff Coxe W, 1801, Historical tour in Monmouthshire, facsimile reprint, Merton Priory Press, Cardiff Davidson, A, 2002, Introduction, in A Davidson (ed) The coastal archaeology of Wales, CBA Research report 131, 1-6 Davies H, 1998, The history of the borough of Newport, Pennyfarthing Press, Newport Davies J, 1990, A history of Wales, Penguin, London Dawson J W, 1933, Commerce and customs: A history of the ports of Newport and Caerleon, Arch Camb Vol. 88 Dicks, B, 1984, A portrait of Cardiff and the Valleys, Robert Hale, London 49

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Dillwyn L W, 1840, Contributions to a history of Swansea, Murray and Rees, Swansea Evans E M, 1983, Swansea castle and the Medieval Town, Swansea City Council, Swansea Evans E M, 1993, The Strand: Desk-based assessment, GGAT Report No. 93/070 Evans E M, 1995, Archaeological field evaluation Worcester Place, Swansea: Stage Two Excavations on the Worcester Place car park, GGAT Report No. 95/023 Evans E M, 2003, Early medieval ecclesiastical sites, Cadw report no. GGAT 73 Evans J, 1864, Ancient British coins, Russel Smith, London Farr G, 1954, Chepstow ships, Chepstow Society, Chepstow Fletcher J K, 1936, The Newport Harbour Commission 1836-1936, R H Johns Ltd., Newport Gibbs M and Morris B, 1991, Thomas Rothwell: Views of Swansea in the 1790s, Glamorgan Archives, Cowbridge Goronwy Edwards, J, 1935, Calendar of Ancient Correspondence concerning Wales, Board of Celtic Studies, History and Law Series Vol II, Cardiff Green C, 1999, The Severn Traders, Black Dwarf, Lydney Griffiths R A, 1978, Boroughs of Medieval Wales, University of Wales Press, Cardiff Griffiths R A, 1990, The City of Swansea: Challenges and change, Sutton, Gloucester Hadfield C, 1960, The canals of South Wales and the Border, University of Wales Press, Cardiff Hague D B, 1994, Lighthouses of Wales: The architecture and archaeology, RCAHMW, Aberystwth Hill C, 1989, Old Swansea Castle: Environmental assessment of the archaeological implications of development at Worcester Place, Swansea, GGAT SMR Report Archive Hindle B P, 1990, Medieval town plans, Shire Publications, Princes Risborough Howell J K, 2000, 61 Wind Street, Swansea: archaeological watching brief, GGAT Report No. 2000/40 Hughes S, 2000, Copperopolis: Landscapes of the early industrial period in Swansea, RCAHMW, London Hutchinson, G, 1984, A plank fragment from a boat find from the River Usk at Newport, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration, 13.1, 2732. Jackson R. and Leech R, 2002, Archaeological desktop study of land at Lower Dock Street, Pillgwenlly, Newport, Gwent, BARAS, Report No. 1072/2002 Jervoise E, 1936, Ancient bridges of Wales and West England, Architectural Press, London Jones F, 1954, The holy wells of Wales, University of Wales Press, Cardiff Jones W H, 1920, The History of Swansea and the Lordship of Gower, Spurrell and Son, Carmarthen Jones, W H, 1922, History of the port of Swansea, W Spurrell and Son, Carmarthen (1995 facimilie reprint by West Glamorgan County Archive Service) Jones W H, 1992, The History of Swansea and the Lordship of Gower, Gwasg Morgannwg, Neath Knight C V, 1983, Pillgwelly: Newport, Cromwell Press, Trowbridge Knight, J K, 1991, Newport Castle, Monmouthshire Antiquity 7, 17-42 Knowles D and Hadcock R N, 1953, Medieval religious houses, Longman, London 50

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Lewis E A, 1927, The Welsh port books (1550-1603), Cymmrodorion Record Series No. 12 London Locock M, 1994, Excavations behind Bank Street, Monmouthshire Antiquity 9, 57-70 Locock M, 1997a, Coastal Archaeological Survey, River Rhymney to the River Wye, GGAT unpublished report Project No. GGAT 50 Locock M, 1997b, Coastal Archaeological Survey, Loughor to Sker Point, Project No. GGAT unpublished report Project No GGAT 50 Makepiece G.A, 2002, An Archaeological Desk-based Assessment: A3 Unit, Womanby Street, Cardiff, Report Number 3302 Marvell A, 2000, Prehistoric Settlement in Southeast Wales: The Lithic Evidence, Project No. GGAT 66 Mathews J, 1910, History of Newport, Williams Press Ltd, Newport Maylan C.N, 1990, Archaeological Field Evaluation at Station Road, Rogiet, GGAT Report No. 96/060 Maylan C.N, 1991, Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment, GGAT Report No. 91/01 Maynard D, 1995a, Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Lower Wind Street, Swansea, GGAT Report No. 95/027 Maynard D, 1995b, Archaeological Field Evaluation at 14-17 St. Marys Street, GGAT Report No. 95/067 Merrick R, 1983, Morganiae archaiographia : a book of the antiquities of Glamorganshire, South Wales Record Society, Barry Mesner S I, 1995, Archaeological watching brief at Heol-y-Cawl, Llysworney, South Glamorgan, GGAT Report No. 95/036 Miles T J, 1971, Chepstow: The Port Wall, Arch in Wales 11, 33 Mitchell E H, 1893, Crosses of Monmouth, Mullock & Sons, Newport Morgan W L, 1899, Antiquarian Survey of East Gower, C. L. Clark, London Morgan W L, 1914, The Castle of Swansea, George Simpson and Co., Devizes Morris B, 1975a, 27-29 High Street, Swansea, Arch in Wales No. 81, 60 Morris B, 1975b, 32-34 Princess Way, Swansea, Arch in Wales No. 81, 61 Morris B, 1990, Paul Padleys Swansea: A View from the Town in the 1790s, Gower XLI, 6-16 Morris B, 1991, The Mount at Swansea: Moving a Landmark in 1760, Gower XLII, 24-33 Morris B, 1993, Swansea Castle, Swansea History Project, Swansea Mould C, 2002, Archaeological Desk-based Assessment: St. Davids Phase II, City of Cardiff, CgMs Consulting Nash-Williams V E, 1954, Roman frontier in Wales, University of Wales Press, Cardiff Page N, 1992, Archaeological Desk-based Assessment, Chepstow Flood Alleviation Scheme, GGAT Report No. 93/003 Perks J C, 1955, Chepstow Castle, HMSO, London Pre-Construct Archaeology, 2003, An assessment of the archaeological excavations, evaluations, test pits, field surveys and watching briefs along the South East Coastal Strategy Pipeline, between Chepstow and Magor, south Wales, PCA unpublished report Rainsbury, A, 1989, Chepstow and the River Wye in Old Photographs, Alan Sutton Publishing, Stroud 51

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

RCAHMW, 2000, Inventory of ancient monuments in Glamorgan Vol. III Part 1b: the later castles, from 1217 to the present, HMSO, Cardiff Rees W, 1932, South Wales and the border in the fourteenth century, SE Sheet, Western Mail and Echo, Cardiff Rees W, 1951, Charters of Newport, Newport Public Library, Newport Rees W, 1969, Cardiff: A History of the City, The Corporation of the City of Cardiff, Cardiff Rees W, 1972, Historic atlas of Wales, Faber, London Reeves A C, 1979, Newport Lordship 1317-1536, University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor Rigold S.E, 1975, Structural Aspects of Medieval Timber Bridges, Medieval Archaeology Vol. 19, 48-92 Robic J-Y and Ponsford M, 2002, Chepstow Flood Alleviation Scheme: archaeological watching brief, Channel Archaeology Roberts R, 1999, Archaeological Watching Brief at Westgate Plaza, GGAT Report No. 99/016 Roberts R, 2000, Spires shopping centre, Newport: archaeological desk-based assessment, GGAT Report No. 2000/014 Rogers W C, 1981, A Pictorial History of Swansea, Gomer Press, Llandysul Rutter J G, 1948, Prehistoric Gower : the early archaeology of West Glamorgan, Welsh Guides, Swansea Savory H.N, 1950, Recent discoveries of Roman coins in South Wales, Bullet Board Celtic Studies, Vol 14, 88 Savory H.N, 1980, Guide catalogue of the Bronze Age collections, No.120, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 101 Schofield J. and Vince A, 1994, Medieval towns, Leicester University Press, London Scott J.M, 1847, The Ancient and Modern History of Newport, W. Christophers, Newport Seeley D, 2002, Kingsway Shopping Centre, Newport, Gwent: An archaeological assessment, Museum of London Archaeology Service Sell S, 1997a, Swansea Castle Watching Brief, GGAT Report No. 97/022 Sell S, 1997b, Worcester Place, Swansea Archaeological Watching Brief, GGAT Report No. 97/041 Sell S, forthcoming, Land between Wind Street and York Street, Swansea: an archaeological excavation, GGAT Report No. 2004/055 Sell S, and Graves-Brown P, 1997, Archaeological Watching Brief at Wind Street/Swansea Castle, GGAT Report No. 97/054 Shoesmith R, 1972, Chepstow: The Port Wall, Arch in Wales 12, 37 Shoesmith R, 1991, Excavations at Chepstow 1973-1974, Cambrian Archaeological Association, Leeds Slatcher D, 2002, An Assessment of the Impact of Proposed Development on the Archaeological Resource at Castle Quays, Swansea, John Samuels Archaeological Consultants, Report No. 723/02/02 Soil Survey of England and Wales, 1983, 1:250,000 Soil Map of England and Wales and Legend, Soil Survey of England and Wales, Harpenden Soulsby I, 1983, The Towns of Medieval Wales, Phillimore, Chichester

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Stephenson A, 1998, Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment for 53-77 Queen Street, Cardiff, CgMs Consulting Stoten G, 2002, Roath Basin, Cardiff: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment, Cotswold Archaeological Trust Report No. 02044 Swansea County Council, 1990, Swansea before industry, City and County of Swansea, Swansea Thomas W S K, 1990, The History of Swansea: From Rover Settlement to the Restoration, Gomer Press, Llandysul Turner J, 1997, Archaeological Watching Brief at Wentlooge Sea Defences, St. Brides, GGAT Report No. 97/058 Turner, R, 2002, Chepstow Castle, Cadw, Cardiff Ward, Lock and Co., 1936, A pictorial and descriptive guide to Tenby, Pembroke, Carmarthen and South Wales, Ward, Lock and Co., London, 49-50 Waters I, 1972, The Town of Chepstow: Part 1, The riverside, Chepstow Society, Chepstow Waters I, 1977a, Chepstow road bridges, Chepstow Society, Chepstow Waters I, 1977b, The port of Chepstow, Chepstow Society, Chepstow Waters I, 1980, Chepstow clock and watch makers, Chepstow Society, Chepstow Webster J and Webster P, 1972, Womanby Street, Cardiff, Arch in Wales No. 41, 29 Webster L E. and Cherry J, 1979, Medieval Britain in 1978, Medieval archeology 23, 269 Webster P, 1977, Excavations in Quay Street, Cardiff 1973-74, Arch. Camb Vol. 126, 88-115 Webster P, 1980, Jones Court, Womanby Street, Cardiff, Arch in Wales No.53, 62 Western Mail, 5th of March 1983, Western Mail and Echo, Cardiff Williams D. N, 1994, Chepstow Castle Watching Brief, GGAT Report No. 94/075 Williams D N, 1995, Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment proposed Castle Quays â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;tarmacâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; redevelopment Princess Way, Swansea, GGAT Report No. 95/064 Williams D N, 1996, Archaeological Desk-based Assessment for the National Stadium, Cardiff, GGAT Report No. 96/074 Williams G, 1990, Swansea: an illustrated history, Christopher Davies, Swansea Wood J G, 1910, The Lordship, Castle and town of Chepstow, Mullock & Sons, Newport Wrathmell S, 1976, Church Street, Cardiff, Arch in Wales No. 81, 39

m (u

10.1m

)

Tutshil Lodge

48.8m CK RO

Rock Villa

36510 1

LA VIL

ELMDALE

The Poplars

Lenora

Lusty Glaze

0.1Elmdale

d Mu

Cottages

12.5m

M ud

36503

NE LA

0.05

Cliff Meadow

kilometres

Castle View

Wyecroft 1

Oakley Lodge

Newbury

12739 02765g

Mud

8.8m 26

iv er s M ide ill R

CH CH UR ER 32

LO W 6 5 3

Church Row

De po t

SP My r Vi tle lla

1 to

17 4 4a

10 11

EE T

ST RE

ST R 24

AR Y

M ST

HI LL R

E 5a

or y

ST 8 RE 6 ET 5

MI DD L

CK E

18.9m

Location map of archaeological interests (Chepstow north)

MP 141.25 Depot

d Mu f ha r rW s lard Bol

01183g/221488

Hall

Buffer Wharf

El Sta Sub

BM 18.43m

8 A4

05482g Bollards El Sub Sta

fe Buf

CH UR UPPER 11 CHCUR H CH ST REET ST

BA CK

TH E

T ST RE E

1 37

HO L CLOLINS SE

1 2

RO AD

H Co o p tta e ge

Graveyard 1

7 5 6

47 a

CH CU ROHURC ADRCH H

AC E

St u Ho art us e

7 8

9 15

20 21

Church

16 17

Th W e H o ye us e TH E BA

Ne lso Lor nH d ou s

T TR EE

18 19

De po t

24 23 2 21 2

BR IDG ES

KENDALL SQUARE

d Mu

d Mu um) h( Pat

03665g

LB 14.0m Posts

MY RT 2

au r

n In

UP P

t oa

21 22 23

36498 Car Park

alt e Alm r Mo nt sh ou ague se s

04084g/45123

Factory

12 a

02749g

02779g

05483g

Sir W

01176g

Orchard Gardens

6 7 8A

02818g

01181g

Warehouse

15 16

29 02775g 2 3

Th o Al ma m s sh Po Ho ou w Hi se is ll H cke ou r se

is Co urt 02778g

Slipway

02776g

ls el w w H o Ro

02780g H al l

02770g

P (u ath m ) Tower

14.4m Da v

04221g/20420

TCB

02772g

St Anne's

01177g

04232gb Car Park

02768g

02782g

06145g

Bad Villminto as n

Club

Works

e Ew St

02777g 05481g

in gd om

36511

11.0m

02773g

14 15

04923g

Sta 01175g Vie Castl wH e ote 02752g l

02774g DW

20424

tle Dell

Su b

20426

20422

02750g

02771g

Chepstow Castle

20421

BM 9.54m

9 10

8.5m

Well

(PH)

02767g

Shelter

11 12

El 15

Three Tuns Inn

02769g

Depot

02757g

GW 2 YC OU RT Gw yh Mu ouse seu m

02751g

01173g/95237/MM003

02761g STR E

02759g

02753g

02766g

ANN

02734g

Ga bl

Car Park

Ty Cariad

Somerset Cottages

04798g

3920

02762g

30 a

Pro The me n ad e

36506

02758g The

8.8m

Pen y Coed

Depot

2824

02764gPC

po t

02760g 29

Rock

BAC K

01174g

01182g

THE

24 a

18 a

a Me

igh nH

PH 24

r ate (um) hW Path g i H an Me

01229.0W

ter Mud 02763g Wa

Pond

House

01172g

2531

36507

an d

ST RE ET

NE LS ON

BEAUFO RT SQUARE

ar rey's m St ainsCh M of ur ch (B a en ry ed 's ic tin P e) r io ry

M A

25 a

EE T ST R LS NE

Cr an

PE R

l li

ng 18

3 1

av e Tr

5 4

Mud

VIE W

BM 25.11 m

The Quarries

RIV ER

b 18

35 27

31 32

19 34

SAN T

Station Industrial Estate

Tanks

El Sub Sta

Ta nk

Hill

MP 141.5

ou se

18 a 18

Evets House

CHEPSTOWWorks (CAS-GWENT)

Merlin House

1 to

Chepstow Station

04797g

AC PL

Cr an e

16 17

B an k

11 9

ET ST RE

BA 28 28 a

H an bu r

42 93

33 a 33

The Studio

04234g/20425 House

The Leys

BM 24.69m

AD PORTWALL RO

Grosmont 2

44.2m

04219g 36.7m

BM 33.39m

BM 67.37m

f on

BM 33.68m 39.3m

Mayhill

Mud

GREEN STREET

35.4m

Wat er

3m .6

36.3m

21 11

11 2

O O

W CK

33.5m

12 10

Rivendell

El Sub Sta

TCB

AV EN U

Y WATERS WA

Trewyn

High

CAIRD STREET IC K

Ashfield Cottages

Ashfield

RD W

23.5m 91 97 93 95

Location map of archaeological interests (Chepstow south)

Mea n

Hardwick Cottage

Gw y)

The Glen

55 13

Southleigh

01185g

V Co ine tts

9251

ye (A

n arkly Dunm

R iv er W

BM 5 7.33m

24.1m

llin g

DW 10

all rt W Po

293 B4

04523g

MO U NT P LEA

26.1 7m

Enterprise House

20456 04491g

Sunnys id

AY W

stw

20693

04492g

LL HI

av e

HO SC

TY CI

20896

LL HI

30 0a 3

FO AU BE

36394

ay bw Su

24213

OXFORD

H SC

E RD GA

26.5m LB BM

Garage

Job Centre

34294

Police Station

Club

Co un cil De po t

Hall

3m .7 49

kilometres

Po st

1 ck wi e r d ac HaTerr

ur Co

In Sc du ho 36501 st ol ria H l E ill st at 04507g e

a 37

ET RE ST

r Fo

R OO M

0.2

Hall 01190g

ld O

O TH 34954

LB 43.9m

Hotel

AL BIO N SQ UA RE

02732g

AS M

w To

nk 21107 Ba P26O

ET RE ST

e ed ac illes Pl e rm Co

e at nG

0.1

Bollard

43154

36500 02819g

a 21

36459

Superstore

02464g

BM02729g/36906 Ps

El Sub Sta

. 41

c 22

02262g/36418

E R ST

AD RO

02735g

05480g

ay bw Su

02736g

a 22

02738g/36420 ET H

Car Park

N IO AT ST

36502

B SQ A N UA K RE

IG H

02728g/MM002

02737g/36419

27 a

01184g

nk Ba

05478g

20423

45.1m

29.9mCo an Be 02747g/36499 War Honra k au d fo Meml rt H LB 02740g ot el El Su b 02739g/36421 S ta 2

r be

Library

VI EW

G m w en be t rs

m ha

01178g

Ca s

05477g

rc ad

EL L

C ll

lG em

ar y

ell ob s sc r Bo mbe a Castle Ch Court

02741g/36422

k al W

PC's

Bank

01186g/302128/MM002

's an m

Boscobell House

Depot

fle Ri

Car Park

7 to

St M

ard

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Appendix 1: Archaeological interests in Chepstow PRN

NAME

01172g

Fishing Weir

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST535943

Medieval

Weir

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of a fishing weir extant in the 14th century, but destroyed by floods. There are no visible remains (Wood 1910, 27).

PRN

NAME

01173g/95237/MM003

Chepstow Castle

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53349411

Medieval

Castle

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

SAM Mm 3

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The Castle was built in 1067 by William Fitz-Osbern to provide a secure base for further advances into Wales. Constructed using stone, the original rectangular tower still stands, although it has been greatly altered. Three additional phases of construction have occurred, with later domestic alterations in the Tudor period and a re-modelling of the defences for cannons and musketeers after the Civil War. After the defeat of the Royal cause, it was neither slighted nor allowed to fall into ruin, thus accounting for its good state of repair when it came into the guardianship of the Ministry of Public Works in 1914 (Williams 1994).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01174g

St. Annes Chapel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53579426

Medieval

Chapel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The building is supposed to have been St. Annes Chapel although there is no historical documentation to support this, neither is there any visible ecclesiastical features or any datable architectural features (Waters Pers. Comm.). It was used as a bark house in the last century (Coxe 1801, 363-4).

PRN

NAME

01175g

Holy Well

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53569417

Medieval

Holy well

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A class D well; "Class D: well named, apparently, after secular people and personages. It is possible that some of these names may have been those of minor or local saints" (Jones, 1954, 140). According to local tradition, the well became dry at high tide and filled with water at low tide, and was supposed to be holy. It was about 3m-3.5m deep and was filled in many years ago when an extension was added to the hotel (Evans 2003).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01176g

St. Ewins Chapel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53459405

Medieval

Chapel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Two large terraced houses with modern doors and roofs, that incorporate remains of St Ewins Chapel (extant in the 14th century). There is nothing visible of dateable antiquity, although high up in the south-east wall of the southern house is a small window of probably fifteenth/sixteenth century design (Evans 2003).

PRN

NAME

01177g

Gold stater

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53359406

Iron Age

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A gold stater of the Dobunni, inscribed with "CATTI", and a coin of Allectus (Evans 1864, 140).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01178g

Bell Foundry

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53229388

Post-medieval

Foundry

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of a bell foundry, extant in the early seventeenth century. It is first mentioned in the will of Richard Cleyton in 1630. It appears to have extended into the Castle Vale at the back of Welsh Street.

PRN

NAME

01181g

Old Customs House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53789418

Post-medieval

Custom house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This building was Chepstows Custom House from 1670 until the new one was built in around 1819. It was one of three in S. Wales during the seventeenth century. It is a two storeyed residence with a modern slate roof and cream washed stonewalls.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01182g

Roman coins

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53569425

Roman

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION Roman coins, one of Constantius I and three of Gallienus.

PRN

NAME

01183g/221488

St. Marys Church

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53599397

Medieval

Church

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB3

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION St Marys Church (in use) has been restored, and incorporates the remains of the 11th/12th century St Marys Priory (Benedictine) (1184g). The only ancient part remaining would seem to be the arch at the west end, of purely Norman work. The current tower was built during the 18th century, whereas the original tower was located in the centre of the church and fell down in 1719. In 1841, great alterations were made and the whole edifice enlarged and the chancel Lengthened. The Church is still in use for divine services. A series of excavations in 1972 and 1974, revealed a cloister range south of the church. Some walls of which had been rebuilt and realigned in numerous phases, and apparently date to the 12th century (Evans 2003).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01184g

St. Marys Priory

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559392

Medieval

Priory

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Part of St Marys Church (1183g). An alien priory of the Benedictine (black monks). Founded sometime before the death of its founder, William Fitz-Osbern in 1071; it was dependant on Cermeilles. The priory was dissolved in 1442, but was then reestablished as an independent priory, before finally being dissolved in 1536. The choir and aisles were destroyed by Henry VIII's commissioners and the nave remained as the parish church. South of the priory area, there was a large 13th century buttressed barn, which was presumably associated with the priory. Beneath were three Roman cremations, two with associated pottery, the other presumably in a wooden box or casket. The remains of what appears to be a wooden shrine surrounded one of the cremations (Evans 2003).

PRN

NAME

01185g

Wakemans Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53949350

Medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of an alleged bridge, extant c.1537. A bridge in this location mainly rests on Wakemans observations. However, the evidence is somewhat misleading, and Coxe could not find remains of the bridge above the castle (Coxe 1801). A road on the Monmouth side of Wye runs in the general direction of the supposed bridge and is shown on Coxes plan of Chepstow (1800). The 1st edition OS shows a 'Roman Road' on the Gloucester side of the Wye at ST54559325 on the south side of Offa Dyke. This road is not shown on later editions.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01186g/302128/MM002 Port Wall

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST533939

Medieval

Town defences

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

SAM Mm 2

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The town wall of Chepstow, traditionally known as the Port Wall, extended along the south and west limits of the town thus completing the protection provided by the Wye on the north and east sides. The wall is all of one build and because of the resemblance of its masonry to that of the last medieval period in the castle can probably be ascribed to the period 1272-8. The wall contains no worked stone and would on its own provide no dating evidence more precise than to place it within the early 13th century to late 14th century. The occupation levels prior to the wall construction were found and dated to c1200. These were followed up by wall constructional levels and a further build up of ground on the outside of the wall. Only minimal signs of foundation trenches for the wall and bastion were noted and there were no signs of the ditch in the area excavated (Shoesmith 1972, 37).

PRN

NAME

01190g

George Hotel coins

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53289377

Roman

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION Folles of Constantine I (AD 306-37) and Crispus (AD 317-26). Found during excavations close to the Port Wall, near Chepstow Town Gate; possibly during the rebuilding of the George Hotel in 1896 when an underground passage was found and closed by the contractors (Savoury 1950, 88).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01229.0W

GWR Brunels South Wales railway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS56079800

Post-medieval

Railway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Railway

FULL DESCRIPTION The railway was opened by the Great Western Railway Company in 1852, it was part of the South Wales Railway from Chepstow to Fishguard.

PRN

NAME

02262g/36418

No 6 Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53359387

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Gable end of destroyed 'three-quarter' house; wall of coursed limestone rubble, with the first floor brought forward on dressed blocks of limestone.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02463g

Cattle market excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53549388

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION In the cattle market area, the remains of a large buttressed barn were found and partially cleared. The few sherds of pottery indicated a 13th century date with abandonment about the sixteenth. No external precinct walls were found (Shoesmith 1991).

PRN

NAME

02464g

Cattle Market cremation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST536939

Roman

Cremation burial

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION Underneath the barn (2463g), three Roman cremations were discovered, two with associated pottery and one presumably in a wooden box or casket. One of the cremations was surrounded by the remains of what appears to be a wooden shrine (Shoesmith 1991).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02728g/MM002

Town Gate

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53289379

Post-medieval

Gate

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

SAM Mm 2

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The Medieval town gate of Chepstow, considerably restored. Built of rubble masonry into slightly dressed quoins and ashlar bonds to the carriageway arches. The crenulations are also restored. The outer face has a single arch with two niches that each contains a portrait head. The town wall runs from just south of the castle in the north right through the town centre to the railway line to the southeast. The Gate is in constant use by traffic passing through it (Waters 1980).

PRN

NAME

02729g/36906

Gate House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53279379

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Adjacent to the southern town gate, this building hides a earlier house behind an eighteenth century façade. There is also a seventeenth century, wide central door case with carved strap work. Rose medallion decoration can be seen above the architrave, there is also an inscription, which reads "A.N.D. 1609 M.C.”.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02732g

The Wine Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53739424

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The building comprises an original three-storey brick warehouse and a two-storey lean-to addition of more recent construction. The original building is a handsome example of Chepstows mercantile past, and is believed to originate from c.1800.

PRN

NAME

02734g

No 3 Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53289380

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02735g

No 4, Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53289381

Post-medieval

Shop

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02736g

No 5, Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53289382

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02737g/36419

No 9, Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53339387

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An eighteenth century house made with roughcast and displaying a slate roof, it is three storeys tall. There is a central squareheaded doorway and fret ornamentation can be seen around the head cornice. Additionally, the central second floor window has a semi-circular head with keystone.

PRN

NAME

02738g/36420

10 Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53349388

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An eighteenth century house made from roughcast, it is three storeys tall and sports a headed archway with wide double doors on the left. Whereas, on the right is a plain doorway with panelled door.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02739g/36421

11 Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53349389

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An eighteenth century house made from roughcast, three storeys tall, with a triple light segmental bow. It also displays a moulded wooden cornice.

PRN

NAME

02740g

No 12 Bank Street (Bell Hotel)

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53359390

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval Inn.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02741g/36422

No 13, Bank Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53369390

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century house composed of stuccoed rubble. Consists of three storeys.

PRN

NAME

02747g/36499

No 4, Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53509409

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century house. Composed of rendered walls and pan tile roof .

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02749g

No 12 Castle Cafe/Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559415

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02750g

No 13 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559416

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02751g

No 14 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53569416

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02752g

No 15 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559417

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02753g

Castle View Hotel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53569418

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval inn, constructed in c.1700.

PRN

NAME

02757g

No 19 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53599424

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02758g

No 20 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53609424

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02759g

No 21 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53609425

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Salvage work during redevelopment at 21 Bridge Street recovered stratified late eleventh to fourteenth century pottery from deep Medieval deposits overlying Roman levels. The Roman finds include first century pottery.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02760g

21A Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53619425

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Built in the eighteenth century of engraved roughcast, this house is composed of two storeys and an attic. It also displays a Victorian shop front.

PRN

NAME

02761g

No 22 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53619425

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02762g

No 23 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53629427

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02763g

Bridge House, Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53639427

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02764g

The Bridge Inn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53639429

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval Inn.

PRN

NAME

02765g

Three Tuns Inn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53529414

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval Inn.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02766g

Ashburne House, Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519414

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02767g

No 33 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519413

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02768g

No 34 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519412

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02769g

No 35 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519412

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02770g

No 36 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53509412

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02771g

No 37 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53509411

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02772g

No 38 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53499411

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02773g

No 39 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53499411

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02774g

No 40 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53499410

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02775g

No 41 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53499410

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02776g

No 42 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53489410

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02777g

No 43 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53489409

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02778g

No 44 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53489409

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02779g

No 45 Bridge Street, Vicarage

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53479409

Post-medieval

Vicarage

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval vicarage, built in 1750.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02780g

No 46 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53479409

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02782g

48 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53469407

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02818g

Town Gate House No 21

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53279379

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

02819g

Montague Almshouses

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53499401

Post-medieval

Almshouses

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Built in 1699 but with later embellishments, such as ornamental bargeboards and finials. Consists of three two-storey houses with rendered walls, a slate roof and five gables. There is a single window in each gable, as well as five on the ground floor. Also known as the 'The Old Almshouses'.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03665g

Brunels Tubular Suspension Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53959408

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A tubular suspension bridge, designed by Brunel (Barnes 1978).

PRN

NAME

03739g

Green Street Ditch

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519356

Roman

Finds

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A pit or ditch containing Roman material has been noted at the back of Green Street just outside the town wall.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04083g

The Boat Inn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53779421

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval Inn.

PRN

NAME

04084g/45123

Lord Nelson Public House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST537942

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Known as 'The Mermaid' before 1791, it became 'The Lord Nelson' in 1811 and closed in 1968. The area in front (to the north) was 'The Green', until it was converted into a dry dock in 1758. By 1860 the dock had been filled with rubbish and laid out as an open space. The block containing the Nelson also accommodated 'The Boat' and at least two of the Customs Houses from c.1686. Warehouses are mentioned in the block from before 1790 (Shoesmith In. Lit.).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04219g

Moor Street No 3

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53189369

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval building.

PRN

NAME

04220g/20419

Moor Street No 4

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53199369

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century building. Has a rendered front and is composed of three storeys.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04221g/20420

Moor Street No 5

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53199369

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century building. It has a rendered front and a slate roof, and is composed of three storeys.

PRN

NAME

04232g

Nelson Street No 1

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST534938

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval building.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04234g/20425

Moor Street No 22, 23, 23A

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST532937

Post-medieval

Shop

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An eighteenth century building formed from roughcast and featuring applied, fake timber framing.

PRN

NAME

04491g

Station Road excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53509370

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION Trial work revealed no signs of occupation within this part of Chepstow enclosed by the Port Wall. Eleven pits were excavated, but produced very little indication of human activity (Maylan 1990).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04492g

Chepstow Castle car park excavation.

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53549420

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION The area has been an open space, mainly occupied by orchards since at least the end of the seventeenth century. It has been suggested that the region may contain evidence for outer defences for the castle, or even works connected with the English Civil War sieges. A total of five trial pits were excavated to a maximum depth of 2.3m. However, no features of archaeological interest were discovered (Williams 1994).

PRN

NAME

04507g

Chepstow Settlement

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST533941

Medieval

Settlement

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION Chepstow is sited on west bank of Wye where the main coast road from Gloucestershire crosses the river. The castle and St. Maryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s priory were built by William Fitz Osbern c.1070, whereas the town was laid out by 1075, and had 308 burgages by 1306. The town wall, with a single gate, enclosed 113 acres, and was built between 1272-78 (Courtney 1994).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04523g

Coltharts Garage excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST533939

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION An excavation was undertaken on the Coltharts Garage site, just inside the Port Wall in the NW part of Chepstow. The central part of the site contained a feature identified as an 18th century quarry. To the west, a group of med and post med features were revealed, including a med foundation trench and pit. In the eastern part of the site, a cess-pit, part of a cobbled surface and a flimsy wall, all of post med date, were found. The evidence for thirteenth century activity and boundaries from the site confirms recent theories concerning the market place of Chepstow (Locock 1994).

PRN

NAME

04797g

Nelson St. excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519392

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION The area fronting onto Nelson Street was rather confused by cellars of the terraced houses, but was examined by machine cleaning of several areas chosen to avoid the main house cellars. The remains of a thirteenth century house were cleared and the plan established. All traces of later buildings on the site had been lost in the construction of the nineteenth century houses (Shoesmith 1991).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04798g

Priory excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53549389

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION An excavation of site immediately south of the present church boundary wall. The priory building was found to be non-orthodox in plan. The remains exhibited a gradual building programme, which involved realignment of some walls and numerous rebuilding phases (Shoesmith 1991).

PRN

NAME

04923g

Palstave

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST533941

Bronze Age

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Find

FULL DESCRIPTION An unlooped palstave, with a single central rib on each face, and a crack across the blade. Length 153mm, edge width 64mm. Found at Chepstow Castle.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05477g

Finchs Slipway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53859404

Post-medieval

Slipway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Slipway

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of possible slipway or entry point to the river. It is likely that it was simply a mud slide that could be used to slide boats into the water, or drag them out onto dry land. A slipway is shown in this position on the map accompanying the sale catalogue of the Duke of Beauforts estate map in 1899. It is possible that it was the slipway of Finchs shipbuilding yard. Finchs produced fairly large ships in their Bridge Works yards, and were taken over in the Great War by the government and became part of the national shipyards (Page 1992).

PRN

NAME

05478g

Town Slipway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53849415

Post-medieval

Slipway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Slipway

FULL DESCRIPTION The Town Slipway or Lower Slipway. It was probably constructed in the late 17th or 18th century, although it is possible that it stands on the site of an earlier slipway (Page 1992).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05480g

Packet Slip

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53809422

Post-medieval

Slipway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Slipway

FULL DESCRIPTION The Packet Slip, formerly the site of the Wye Fisheries. The slip was dug through the riverbank, which was revetted on both sides by a wall constructed from rectangular stone blocks (average size 0.3m by 0.15m). The buildings of the Wye Fisheries were built towards the end of the 19th century, but fishing in the Wye and the Severn have been closely controlled since the Saxon period. The fisheries were described in the Tidenham Charters of 956 AD and in 1331-4, the Earl of Norfolk (Lord of Striguil) complained to the King and council about the Royal inquiry into his fish weirs on the Wye. By the end of the 18th century the fishing from Brockweir to the mouth of the river was owned by the Duke of Beaufort. Large quantities of the salmon take from the Wye was transported by sea to London (Page 1992).

PRN

NAME

05481g

River bank steps

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53649431

Post-medieval

Steps

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Steps

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of some steps leading to the river bank shown on a painting of the new iron Chepstow Bridge by Thomas Jukes of 1816 (Page 1992).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05482g

Pavilion Theatre

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53669429

Post-medieval

Theatre

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of the Pavilion Theatre (Page 1992).

PRN

NAME

05483g

Dry dock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53709421

Post-medieval

Dry dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Dock

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of dry dock opened in 1759. It was constructed in a small inlet called Silver Pill, to serve the ship building industry. The dry dock was closed in the second half of the 19th century due to health hazards. In 1832, an outbreak of cholera was blamed on the filthy state of the dock. A painting of 1846 by George Hillier shows the dry dock to be a well constructed building, with large wooden doors (Page 1992).

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

06145g

21 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST536942

Roman

Settlement

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION During a watching brief, Roman levels were noted at depth of over 2m below medieval occupation from which they were separated by a thick layer of brown clay. Roman pottery and tile (tegula) recovered from builders' trenches, including a Flavian mortarium from north Gaul, stamped LITUGEN IUGIFIL. The presence of mortarium probably indicates military presence.

PRN

NAME

12739

Medieval paving tile

NGR

PERIOD

ST534941

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Find

TYPE

FULL DESCRIPTION A medieval paving tile, attributed to Lewis Group 9 no. 44. It is inlaid, and features a lion passant contoured within a circle with fleurs-de-lys.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

20421

6 Moor Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53229372

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not Known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century building. Features rendered walls and a slate roof.

PRN

NAME

20422

7 Moor Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53229372

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century building. It is cement rendered and consists of three storeys.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

20423

8 Moor Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53229372

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

None

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century building. It is cement rendered, has a slate roof and consists of three storeys.

PRN

NAME

20424

17 Moor Street; Greyhound Hotel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53269374

Post-medieval

Hotel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

None

FULL DESCRIPTION A three storey, eighteenth to nineteenth century town house.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

20426

35 Moor Street, N.W. Side

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53229372

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

None

FULL DESCRIPTION Probably early eighteenth century in date, a Post-medieval building formed from roughcast. It also has a steep pan tile roof.

PRN

NAME

20427

Queens Head Inn, Moor Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53229372

Post-medieval

Inn

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late eighteenth century Inn. Featuring joint-lines stucco and a slate roof; it has two storeys and an attic in a central gable. There is a single window in the gable, while the bargeboards are plain. There are three windows on first floor, displaying sashes with glazing bars.

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

20456

1 Nelson Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53439381

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

None

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century house formed of stucco and with a slate roof. It is two storeys tall.

PRN

NAME

20693

Thomas Powis Almshouse, Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53449403

Post-medieval

Almshouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION Built in 1716, this 'L'-shaped almshouse features a inside paved forecourt. It is positioned eight steps above road and has tall narrow double doors. It was erected and endowed by Thomas Powell 1716 (inscription). There are also stone gate piers.

100

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

20896

Town Gatehouse, 21, Moor St.

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53279379

Post-medieval

Dwelling

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

None

FULL DESCRIPTION An early 19th century house formed of cement render. It is three storeys tall and displays a slate roof.

PRN

NAME

21107

The Moat House, Welsh Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53209383

Post-medieval

Dwelling

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early to mid 19th century house formed of stucco. It is two storeys tall and displays a slate roof.

101

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

24213

Chepstow Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53619440

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION A timber bridge, replaced in 1816 by the Chepstow Road Bridge (NPRN 43154).

PRN

NAME

34294

Boat house

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53769427

Post-medieval

Boat house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval boathouse.

102

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34954

Chepstow Railway Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53959407

Post-medieval

Railway Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near destroyed

LB2

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION Only the piers and massive South West abutment remain of Brunels original bridge. The piers are concrete filled cast iron cylinders. The South West abutment echoes the shape of the former portal towers at each end of the river span.

PRN

NAME

36394

Ashbourne House; 32 Bridge St.

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53519413

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th or early 19th century house formed of stucco, with a double-saddled slate roof. It is three storeys tall and possesses five windows with sashes and glazing bars. There is a central, semi-circular, headed door with an arched fanlight. Additionally, a stone door case with Ionic pilasters is visible.

103

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36459

Benson Court, Nelson Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53499389

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

36498

No 2 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53489407

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

LB3

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A possible 16th century house with 17th century extensions. It was demolished on 07/03/72.

104

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36500

Chepstow Castle Inn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559417

Post-medieval

Public House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early 19th century Public house formed of painted stucco. It has a slate roof and rises to three storeys in height. There are four windows featuring sashes in exposed wooden frames. Modern shop fronts are visible either side of the central door

PRN

NAME

36501

No 13,14,15 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559417

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Late 18th century to early 19th century houses. All formed of roughcast with wooden door cases and panelled doors. They feature a slate roof and are two storeys tall.

105

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36502

Castle View Hotel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559417

Post-medieval

Hotel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th century or early 19th century hotel. Formed of engraved stucco it is two storeys tall and features a slate roof.

PRN

NAME

36503

No 18 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53549414

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early 19th century, cement rendered house. It features a hipped slate roof.

106

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36504

No 19 & 20 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53549414

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th century to early 19th century house. Formed of engraved roughcast, the structure is two storeys tall.

PRN

NAME

36505

No 23 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53639427

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 17th to early 18th century cottage with rendered walls.

107

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36506

The Bridge Inn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53639429

Post-medieval

Public House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early 19th century Public House formed of engraved stucco. It also features a colour washed pantile roof.

PRN

NAME

36507

No 27 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53549414

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th century house with pebble dashed walls. It rises to three storeys. In 1822, a Roman coin of Allectus (293-6 AD) was discovered, in addition to a coffin containing human remains and a further four coins.

108

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36510

No 33A-47 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST535941

Post-medieval

Terraced housing

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Complex

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th or early 19th century terrace. They feature a succession of fixed light, small paved bow windows. All are three storeys tall and formed of roughcast. The roofs are composed of slate, although there are brick stacks at divisions.

PRN

NAME

36511

No 48 & 48A Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53469407

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th or early 19th century house. Formed of roughcast, it features a slate roof. The structure rises to three storeys. It also displays central doorway pilasters and a panelled door railed forecourt.

109

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36512

No 50 Bridge Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559417

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th century house. Formed of stone and dressed rubble, it features an elliptical arch with wooden double gates. In addition to a railed forecourt.

PRN

NAME

36741

Cromwell House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53559417

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A 17th century house, with 18th century additions. The structure is two storeys tall with a modern pantile roof. Barge boards with a half-timbered effect are visible, whereas sashes with glazing bars also feature.

110

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

43154

Chepstow Road Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST53619440

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB1

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION A former timber bridge (NPRN 24213), replaced in 1816 from the designs of John Rennie. It comprises of five spans: 9.14m, 21.34m, 34.14m, 21.34m, 9.14m. The carriageway is 4.31m wide with 0.92m wide footways. The bridge consists of a superstructure carried on cast-iron arched ribs braced together on stone.

111

8 R RO AD

CEDA

41 33 31 21

7 1

STRE El Sub Sta ET LOND ON y

RO AD OR IE L

ry Su rg e

AD RO

11 9a

ET ON

Pla yg ro un d

RID

RO AD

CA MB

RE ET ST

AD RO

LL AN W ER N

HT ON 3a

BIS

LV ER N

0m 9.1

1 6

OA D

BIS ST HT RE ON ET

RF R HA W

ST RE ET 4

5 14

9 13

2 Warehouse

3 13

0 13

e Terrac

Su bw ay

RE ET RIS

TR EE T

MO R

GE OR GE S

BR ID GE

ST R CY RIL 44

RO AD 38

CO VE RA C

MO ST RR RE IS ET

er w

7m .5 20

Mud

K US AY W

25 4 1 12

Fitness Studios

25 87

MELLO

Eben ezer

E AD

8 12

113

111

R PA

110

L NA

109

10.1m

IL NV

Warehouses

A GR

108

EE T

122

33 30

a 15

to 79 41

135

127 9 12 128

CY RIL

141b

138

Primary

to 89

147

137

22 23

20 21

4 6

149

153 152

151 150

12a

155

141

School

139

& 21 County

3 2 1 HEREFO RD STR

EET

30 Te rr ac es

3 3 17

156a 156

Slu ic e Slu ic e

164 163 to 161

9 to

116 115

Mud

ge rid tB

Granville Square Works

GRANVILLE STREET

0 17

1667 16

157

STOW HILL

ee Str

Tower

or W

8.7m

e org Ge 5

W PO S L' EL W E PO AC PL

L'S EL

05176g

Bingo Centre

1 3 5

l to l5

78 9

101

P Ch res urc by te h of rian W ale s

C O R N

ac es

T 5 17

4 17

St Mary's Presbytery

154

COURTYARD

BANESWELL

St Woolos

Librar

13 a

R EE ST

14 12

16 to 20

STOW HILL

22 24 30 32

Posts BM 23.90m

5 6 3 4 1 2

KIN GS TO N

8 10

28a

8 17

4 to

12 .0 8m

Garage

BANESWELL

NORTH STREET

BM 39 .67m

KINGSWAY

3 1

9 9

7 Chambe rs

C ha m be rs

43m

40 42

1 2

10.3m

Posts A

CE A PL

1 to

BM 44.

T EE

3 4 5 6

5A 75

10 11 12

1 11

160

2 3

20 23

Te rr

38a

3 5

17 18 ES to W 20 EL L RO AD

1 to 5

BA N

BAILEY STREET

23 to

2 1 School Houses

28a

ou nty

way

Queen's

Sub

198 195

194

191 192 190

187 183

179

16 45

10 St Woo County Prima los ry School

39 40

186

Su bw ay

40a

1 2

STANLEY ROAD

4 92

Depot

1 to 5 1

St Mary's Court

R ST

108

Nursery School

47 8 4

.5 20

RE E

Mud

Depot

CK O

36513

E AC PL

03043g

Tower

8.7m

05177g

The Kings Church

3a 13

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Mud

43158

S 7 IE FR CE UM A D PL

ER W

IE FR

Bankside SM

El Sub Sta

4a 5

M DU

K AC RJ

Re ac h

Mud

ate r

03708g/34299

7.4m

1 to 3 & 7 to 17

(disused)

igh W

nry

05175g

Pontypool Wharf Me an H

7.8 7m

m as o

rU sk

W ys

7.4m BM

RR O

Tank

Warehouse

2 2 0 24 2

PTP

To wn

ET RE ST

(A fo MP

05178g

El Sub Sta

11.8m LAC AP MYR

Mud

Tra

1 2

7.9m

03707g

RE ST

03706g/34559

5m 9.2

E LIN RO CA

PA R

Riv e

M B

76 76a

T EE STR IAL RC ME

N AL

E LIN RO CA

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

lyn

UARE SQ

ria icto

C A

b 15

8a NE LA

19 21 23

16 4 16 8 17 0

S C

h Hig

Slo

Car Park

m Emlyn SquareE

M CO

PARK

56.8

Po sts

Issues

A W

N LY

RE ST

alk nW

05179g

112

17 7

Po sts

W ate

TCB

Ty Palmyra

Location map of archaeological interests (Newport north)

91413

7 9 11

17 5

Tanks

Theatre

LB Kingshill Court

PARK SQUAR E

9.2

Posts

c 15

Pump House

SK U

5 to

ly Em

Multistorey Car Park

16 9

Pa th

n ea M

ark rP Ca

RE UA

16 CO 3 RP O RO RA AD TIO N

Depot

Bus Depot

El Sub Sta

S OS CR

13.0m

16 1

Ebbw Vale Wharf

RK PA

PH 16 1

y tore

age Gar

Car Park

TCB

El Sub Stas

Tank

17 8

CAXTON PLACE

13 6 to

14 0

Primary School

13 15 17

13 4

Maindee County r

ltis Mu

Kingsway Centre

to 34 ade Arc ignelow) vereay (b SoKingsw

14 16 18

Da le

13 2

W ate

8 10 12

Liverpool Wharf Hig h

Y A

PLACE

AD RO

E 1

13 0

2 to 4

RO A

18 6

19 18 16

13 W ate

Depot

05180g

ur Co

PLAC

52 58 14 1

GB Y

12 8

11 8

10 6

13 3

12 5

Playground

Hig h

Water Intake

12 3

RO AD

ME TH UE N

ST RE

RO AD

BM 7.88m

r Kea

T EE TR LS HIL

05105g

SK U

ade Arc gn

2a BY

Garage

Car Park

RE ST

12 RU G

Depot

ou nd s

05089g

Newport Centre (Leisure Centre)

42b

140a

R IVO

56 a

46 44

44 a 7

Builder's Yard

erei Sov

42d

RIA TO VIC

28 a b

2 RO AD

BL EW

60 D

99 ac

13.4m

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IF CL

3m 49.8

O A

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Museum Library Art Gallery

rmy nA vatio el Sal Citad

na lG an try

RO AD

5 17

ET H

ce s

13 4 TIO

6.9m

1a 2

2 to

16 15 15a

Sig

68 R A

7.6

36 9

BO RO UG

1 PO

15 7.7 5

18a

56 54

6 to 8 14 38

MP s

Garag

Works

13 73

Mud

Bank

142

2 1

Cemetery Lane

PL AC E

44 42

30 2

O R

Mud

TCB's

on nt Zi gl Mou Con sh h Wel hurc C

4 3

RO LOS ST WOO

92 98

nc tio n

90 88

TO N

2m 8.0

IN GS

7.0m

7.1m

et Stre

Sta

th Pa

tree

74 84

Bank

al S

30 e

30 a

5 7.3 8m

are qu

use

ci mer

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Ramp

Com

arth Llan

NE LA OT LB TA

Ce ion

2 10

nc h

W ork

Car Park

143

15 to

Bra

Te rr

LIV

Works

ce s

Rugby Ground

Cl ub

RO AD

hl et ic

Sta

TCB's

33a

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

M ea n

a b St El Su

ucat ity Ed mun Com

35 35a

t po

le fo

Works

Anisa Mews

14 13

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Bridge Square

Ne tt

29 a

BO RO UG H

ea n ch

tS ros nF Joh

ee Str

Ho sel Fus

eet

REE S ST RLE

VICTORIA CLOSE

49.0m

AR L

ars Fri

Commu Churc nity h

VICTOR IA

ROAD TON CLIF

AD RO

d Mu

ch d Mu

Str Dock Upper

Bank

St Davids House

El Sub age

7.5

s ou eh ar

25a 25b o

e dg tbri

54.8m

kilometres

CHA

12 10 11

TCB's

ST RE ET

00196g/307857

55.1m

CO LN E

(A Rive fo r n Us W k ys To g) R w

st Fro hn are Jo Squ

urc

39.2m

Ne wp or t Te rr ac es

Blaenavon Wharf

Park

Te r

RO AD

Mud

Multistorey Car Park

PC ars Fri

Car Park

Playground Queen Victoria Memorial Almshouses

Ju nc tio n

14 9

35 36 1

Garden of Rememberance

nc h

Te r

M ea

et Stre rles Cha

St Woolos Court

E AC PL

to 22

ou reh Wa y's rth

Depot

48.4m

RO DN EY

21 Ca

Posts

05111g

Posts

HAVELOCK STREET

BM 38.30m

Cathedral Court

rra

TCBs

urt Co

27a

30.0m

Stow Pass

(site of)

Bank

25 26

JONES STREET

y er rg

Club

Builder's Yard

Hall

Club

HAVELOCK STREET

D A O

Car Pa

0.3

7.1m

7.5m

Beaufort Terrace

40.5m

R A H

Police Station

Works 15 a

7.2m

ROAD

W O R

Church Court

to 18

m n .44 13 Austi BM

1 19

7.8m

R wn

E TR

NE LA OL HO SC

13 14

19C

WEST STREET

b St El Su

The Bungalow

Church

34 25

Dairy

S CK DO

NE LA

eet Str cial

BAILEY STREET

BM 22.82m

Club

Bra

N IN

mer Com

SWELL BANE D TYAR COUR

BM 34.96m

Bank

WESLEY PL

11 12 7

10 1 1

32.0m

7.8m

8.1

Friary

y Place Wesle

15 16

Community Centre

Stand

05093g

Bus Station

06254g

Surgery

Pentecostal Church

ST MARY STREET

k Us ) er g Riv Wys n

54 55 48

NE LA

6 61 0

BANESWELL

33.9m

67 64

Club

12 14

Nant-y-glo Wharf

14.0m

BANESWELL

TCB

BEDF ORD

Works

Garage

Tower

Playground

Bowling Green

Moderator Wharf

REET

WEST STREET

SCHOOL

Car Park

24.6m

y er

EXET ER ST REET

0.15

29a

Newport Athletic Club Grounds

05094g PH

rg Su

05087g

05092g

Chartist

St Mary's Catholic Church

Stow House

29a 29b

38 39 PH 40

P UP

Waters Lane

WATERS LANE

SCARD STREET

O A

9.4m

TCBs

Ne ttle fo

6.9m

Tennis Courts

BM 16.78m

H ST NORT

Institute

16.3m

Tank

BANESWELL

12.4m

Club

05151g

Bank

St Mary's

00191g

Depot

Govt Office

Car Park

20.1m

VICTORIA CRESCENT

R NE

Club

5a 17

Club

28 29

Club

STRE

24 25

Westgate Hotel

PUMP

BM 7.6 2m

(site of)

00190g

13.2m

WYDD-AR-WYSG)

Govt Offices

TCB

11 13

1 D

Tennis Courts

00197g

9.13m

3 13

Olympia House

West Gate

El Sub Sta

TCBs

Queen's Hotel

ET RE ST ST EA

Bank

15.4m

REET

EET

ark

(disused)

7.9m

STRE

BM 12.08m

12.0m

E STR BRIDG

Bridge Stree

e Street Bridg TCBS

10.1m

73 75 72 74

Cinderhill Wharf

SA Hall

6.8m

Stone

ER STRE

2 4

TCB

2 2a

Bank

ION ST

Subway

8m BM 10.6

STAT

Cinema

Car Park

Bank

ER INN SK

Stone

Garage

(below)

ES FO R

Club

27a

16 18

El Sub Sta

12.0m

o (Af

H AC RE WN TO

00203g

ET STRE

Town Pill

Y WA GS KIN

Shops (below)

AY RAILW

S LO

et Stre

fin Grif

Car Park Ramp

Ramp

OO W

Upper Dock Street

e Arcad

00226g

Cambrian Retail Centre

ater gh W

Crown

05091g

bers Cham

Royal

05088g

Subway

Multistorey Car Park

de ca

Arca

Ro rian Camb

(below)

Newport Market

port

Street High

cade

et Stre ket Mar

PH New

ort Ar Newp

.52m M 11

Shops 1

(below)

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

40 7

Car Park

PH 6

10.7m

TCB's

45b 12

ROAD

05101g

n Hi Mea

AY SW EN UE

Bank

34295

(below)

17 18

Shops

05090g

11 10

EY DN RO

e s Lan

ke t

RO TON GRAF

BE R

BM 8.97m

Arm

M ar

00198g

DE RA PA

s ter

r Ca

rk Pa

Mud

Sculpture

TO GRAF

Posts

11 1 a1

14.0m

Ba nk

12 13

00187g

36 37

g's Kin

ad He

Posts

04290g

OLD GREEN INTERCHANGE

Ramp

17.6m

l te Ho

7.9m

8.10

r po

w Ne

Su bw ay

05086g

7.8m

00199g

EY DN RO

ot Fo

n as t (C

n tio

CEN

Subway

El Sub Sta

VIN

ge rid otb Fo ay bw Su

00186g

Ban k

13 EXET

OAD TR

00183g 1

1 Stanley Court

d) yd ew

Sta

Builder's Yard

EXETE STRE R ET

10 8

(disused)

N LA

London Wharf

Newport Bridge

Ram

28.8m

ROAD

CENT ST VIN

East Gate (site of)

CE LA

Magistrates Court

NSW

BM 7.6

CHEP STOW ROAD

un cti on

7.0m

YP ER

QU EE

Gold Tops House

TCBs

ST RE E

Electricity Sub-Stations QUEENSWAY

00194g

Ma ind e

Garage 22 a

6.9m

10568

TILL AR

Warehouse

PR IN

MAINDEE (MAENDY)

1a 1b 1

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Wareh ouse

BARNARDTOWN

Castle of) ains (rem DW

17.8m 3m BM 19.6

Club 5

8.1m

b Clu

LS MIL

PL AC

17to2

TCB

.50m BM 10

10 23.7m

PENTONVILLE

y wa

E LAC

CLAR ENCE

CE E PLA NC RE

00192g/93389/MM009

b Su

HILL

Postal Sorting Office

Shelte r

Shelter

CHEPSTOW ROAD

20a

P CE REN er CLA Shelt

Mud

.5m 28.1m

County Court

Mud

N'S

BM 30.06m

ET 13.4m RE ST L MIL

to 22

CLA

QUEE

28.4m

00195g

51 to

Multistorey Car Park

AD RO

Clarence House

40a 40

ET STRE

War Memorial

7.6m

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Y OR CT FA

74m BM 28.

Shire Hall

05119g

Garage

SP BM 7.79m

Multistorey Car Park

Mud

1 to 29

MP .75

Clarence House

E CK LO

Sunday School

CK LO

MP 158

T EE STR

Crown Building

CT FA

27.5m

Tennis Courts

T EE

Parcel Sorting Office

CASNEWYDD)

Tennis Courts

SHEA F LA

R ST

ET STRE ROSE

Netball Courts

Garage Gloucester Wharf Warehouse

Granville Square

(disused)

Mud

in gm

1 2

MIC HAE

STREET

92 2 48

8 53

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

8 54 ST EA

(Afon

Institute

Wate r High

L STR EET

each kR Doc Old

19 9

CORPO

al ic ed

nt Ce

Factory

7.0m Factory

277

278

29 4

to 33 30

8 9 10

12 to

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11 21 31 11

41 43

39 41

43 11

WAY Mud

Slopin

s st

nry

6 6

1 RY

05068g

Sub Sta

MHW

Outfall

MHW

Mea

RO AD

ou eh ar W

22b

22a

N'S

Works

Mud

n High

Wat

Garage 22

Warehouse

er Riv

05065g

Bollard Bollard

(Afo

k Us

d tle an

ilw Ra

SP Dr

ain

58 59

Bollard Hopper

enlly Gw

MH W

Bollard

d tle ay an ilw sm Ra

Bollard BM

Mud

ain Dr

7.03m

22A

6.5m

) ysg nW

Jetty

Pill

8.2m

h ac Re

Tank

Warehouse

Wor ks

ST STE PHE

ck Do

21 MILL PARAD

ud M

2 3l

A RO AD

MH W

Depot

AN EX

RlVE

5 Mud

Works

n Wsy

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

PILLGWENLLY

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Sand and Mud

gh Hi

r ate

Warehouse

d Mu

ain

MP C NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD) av

Shingle

Tr Mud

1 71

(Afo

Bol

Pill Gwenlly

8 USK

2 PILLGWENLLY 4

Sand and Mud

1a 3 77

Mud

Mud and Sand

W at gh

Hi ea n M

l Pil

Hall

Mud

Bollard

AD RO

9.3

El Sub Sta

LD WA

g lin el av

Warehouse

el lin g

Works AN LM MI

Tr av

ad Ro dra urch xan Ale st Ch pti Ba

05064g

Mud

Drain

68 69

Old

Works

A 4042

TTE

AN EX

g maso

M ud

USK

lly en w

Rive

r Us

(Afo

Depot

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Old

Dock

Reac

Tank

Warehouse

8.5m

6.5m

Shi

Depot

ngle Mud

b Su

Su b

Works

h Wa

ter

El Sub Sta

Mud

55 30

Outfall DE

Depot

8.3m

Mud

OM AS SIE

EL UN ET RE

Tanks

Garage CO

ST RE ET

MIL L PA

ET RE ST 17

LM MI

El Sub Sta

Tank

El a St b Su

Tank

WA Y

ck Do

AL ND ME

Old

02495g/43157

GIE

8.5m UN

Reevesland Industri Ta

Sluice

8.5m m

100

8.89 BM

1 E

Tra

H HO

E PA

A 404

in Dra W A Y TO AN

Tanks

Tank

El Sub Sta

MP 1.5

r Brid ge

Tank Tank

Mud

Y WA

Tanks

Pond

Tower

Tanks

Shingle

SE HOU

PAR

E AD

WATCH

Gasholder

kilometres Works

Tank

Tanks

USK

Depot

nsp orte

M ea n

20 22

MP 10

OS CL

VID

116

El Sub Sta

7.0m

0.5 Tank

Caldicot Level

AY W

R PE R

E PA

9.3 2m

8 10

2 6

H HO TC

Gantry

W at

1 11

AD A RO DR

n tio

0.25

Tanks

8.8m

Drain

nc Ju

Sports Ground

Tanks

Tower

River (Afon Usk Wysg)

24 23

ief lg da

El Sub Sta

res Ac

EX AL

Mud High Water

PO PO

8.8m

Mean

5 10

RE E ST AT

en Tw

103

2 13

Station

Works

Sports Centre

ET RE ST EL UN 3m BR 8.9 BM Police

EY EL

8.5m

YMCA

OXW

East Mendalgief Junction

nk Ta

101

AD F RO

Posts

OXWICH ROAD

Drain

Shingle

Playground 12

OS CL

Re ac h

9m 9.2

21 42

Gantry

Training Centre

US K

RE ST

8.8m

EY EL

6.7m

LS WO

AY W

Allotment Gardens

Drain

50 1

n Hig Mea

Drain

b Sta

7.0m

8.5m

El Sub Sta

ALEXANDRA ROAD

CORPORAT ION ROAD

2 4

A-E 17 12

CHURCH STREET

an e

49 43

BM 8.26m

Scrap Yard

USK WAY

74 69

25 24

Shi ngl e d and

Wate

n High

8.5m

188

9 2 46

PILLGWENLLY

sby tery

42 114

113

23 2l

132

124

35 30

26 21

Mea

300

279

9 7

4 1

111

M EW

MIC HAE LS

Pre

5 19 to

Tank

Mud

CA RL ISL E ST RE

0 44

2 44

PILLGWENLLY 20

Mud

9 10

119

Mud

Club

B 19

13 1

1 1b

8 41

43 6

18 4

125

W R Lysaght

11 24

16 17

Y K WA US

Works PH

BM 8.75m

AD RO 27

Ree

El Sub Sta

Warehouse

Garag

t Sp ytty

7.0m

Pipe Line Drain

283 276

129

23A 110

Grea

BM 7.02m Tennis Courts

ROAD

to 26 3

22A

35 Issues

Bol

Pipe Lines

Re en

RATION

307

Drain

to 44 38 to 17 14 22

to 19

111

319

Wate

n High

8 to

Mea

6 4 2

142

140

to 31

5 to 20

145

144 143

5 3

22 to 26

23 1

03715g

Works

AD RO

56 57 's en ph Ste urc h Ch W) in (C

LD 33

12 2 0 41

328 329

324 325

to 15

34 8

147 146

5 to

139

323 2

b Sta

tty

7.7m

Track

6 32 7 32

Spy

Mud

10 to 37

3 7

17 Gre at

Sluice

War Memorial

50 51 ET

en Re es Acr

LISCO

HENSO 17

30 40

Ta nk

to 17

Shingle

9.1m

BM 8.40m

Pavilion

Mean

161

6 to

16 to 21

133

2l 2lA

Mud and

ET RE ST

Works

EET 19

a dr t an ex Cour 39 Al to 1

h Reac

s Point Spittle

7.5m

NTL

Outfall

Depot

CH URC H STR

Shelter Cricket Ground

El Sub Sta

Pond

ON LS WI

8.5m 2

Spytty Pill

n Tow

d Mu

)

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Drain

Wysg)

4 to 21

160

153

152

16 45

375

159

43 50

8 5 to

3 to

1 to

1 9

383

River Usk

31 41

11 7

341

Pi ll

5 41

3 41 4 41 to 31

PILLGWENLLY

8 40 7 40 28

5 6

168

to 27

1 3 2

169 6

A 4042

4 3

to 172

454 455

7 5

174

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

sts Po 442 440

441

438

418

20 to

LIL

6 11

a 192 191

to 190 187

183

181

NT CE

or t Ho sp

CR ES

Tr an YT HA

417

SCE NT

El Sub Sta

4 8

LA NE

KIN G

20 24

26 28 38

48 52

m .08 10 BM

us e

54a

54b

Off ices

64 66

spi tal Ho

LES HA LL STR

5 12

4 12

3 2 12

36 38

105 & 104 102

99 100 & 101

96 97

5 to 13

AVEN UE SHAM KEYN

179

13 416

CRE

EET

ezer Eben 107

58m

106

87 13 12

50. BM

170

15 16

23 24

32 7

69 70

29 30

26 25

67 68

39 4

37 38

39 40

52 63

13 439

CAP EL

47 93

388

38 38 6 7

270

32 48

6 1

CAP CRE EL SCE NT

Mud

Gout

Mud

The Maltings

Car Park

RE ST

E RE ST

rry we Lis Pill

Spittles

Outfall

48 56

317

13 60

5 5

1 1a

GR OV E LA NE

294

62 9

EL CRE SCE NT

36 74

297

298

CAP

26 48

20. 78m

299

9 43

r te

Mud

11 0

ND RO PA RK AD

DE WS LA

el Sh

12 8

3 43

AL MA RE ET

ach

Pill

Liswerry

Issues

Mud

Tanks El Sub Sta

Works 31

HAE LS COU RT

Level of Mendalgief

56 AD O

13 4

Re Town

Bridge

M JA

RE ST

N O

sk er U Rivn Wysg)

Liswerry Pill Outfall

Gara ge

ICE AL

tion

8.5m

Docks Conservative Club

Sta

Depot

Mud

Tank

Tanks

9.8

10.3

18a

ST MIC

Car Park

TCB

152 a 152 TI

7.7m

8.5m

(Afo

154

158

174

Depot

k r Us g) ve ys W

BM 9.03m

RE ST

rry we Lis

7.6m

m 80 9.

hae l's Chu rch

Y TE ER

AD RO

B W

INE EL

ter h Wa Hig

43156

St Mic

ty en Tw

UE EN

Depot

Tanks

EET

ET RE S ST LLI

Bol

INE EL AD ET RE ST

9.4m

186

O RP CO

N TO LS CO

Point

LD WA

8.5m

Works

Mud

03713g/34293

G'S

INE EL AD

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

EN AV

Garage

9.2m

KIN

RE ST

Court

8.8m

an Me

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

05067g

LE ST

STR

8.6m

8.5m

190

9 42

Mud

Tank

M ud

REN CE

Club

Vicarage

Tredegar

Pond

TO LS CO

ing mp Pu

K US

ET RE

Club

ET 1 to

Gantry

8.2m

194

208

10a

25 1a

an er y Ga

SOMERTON

BM 7.98m

ET RE

Depot

RAC

N ST TO

11.0m

7 8

42 41

N ST RIO

KINS JEN EET STR

a St

Issues

LIN

10.1

Works

48 49

Wate

b Su

UR CO ES YN

St Michaels RC Primary School

166

168

9 10

41 b

05073g

Depot

CLA

Mendalgief

Garage

LD IE HF RS MA

9.0

AD RO

Community Park

ET RE ST

Mud

urt

7 8

EF GI

8.3m

N CL WI LD

Conveyor

ac h

ytt Sp

TER

a 92

CK DO

6.7m

an Hig h

Trin

106

8.5m

Mendalgeif Retail Park

17a

ity

A DR

E OS CL

4m 7.2

b 92

n Pla rio Ma

8.8m

18a

E OS CL

LLA

O DD

ET RE

Warehouse 11

1 41

To wn W ate r

19a

CE Y PLA

7.9m

rag Ga

Posts

Works

ET RE ST

1 INIT TR

TTE

ES BL TA NS

13 14

Gar den s

LB 22

Works

20a

ET RE R ST

E OS

AD SL

Hi gh

7.9m

E CL LIM

LD IE HF RS

Club

106

PILLGWENLLY

2 11

8.9m

Me an

ET RE D ST OA BR

54 8.7m

El Sub Sta

PORTLAND STREET

rtyb ella

CO URT YBE

114 RE N ST WI

Sinks

ET RE D ST

AD L RO CIA ER MM

120

LD BA

ngl e

ol Evt rial ust Ind tate Es

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

8.6m

R GO

7.6m

ter Wa Shi

Garage

Tank

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Tank

d and

Garage

89 PO

19 20

Posts

RE ST

Works

PILLGWENLLY

Issues

Works

27 to 31

16 17

122

nk Ta

E OS CL

Garage

Tank

7.6m

Recreation Ground

ICE

Mud

E OS

T REE W ST NE

Cou

Tank

Mud

Garage

OS CL

136

RT BE RO

21 22

TER RA CE

Depot

PILLGWENLLY Depot

25 26

Play

9.1m

Trav C

Mud

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

Industrial

8.2m

Area

6.9m

Brunel House

T EE E STR PL

LLA

ET RE ST

El Sub Sta

WS ME

rar

TEM

37 38

33 34

Industrial Estate

d Sh ing le

e rag

Allot Gdns

Centre

YBE

Hall

Mu d d an

ICK ER ED FR

E OS CL

Lib

CO URT

N IL

7.5m Carnegie Free Library

CK DO

LE MP TE

at er

71 ION ALB

PILLGWENLLY

DD JE

MA 51

ha W

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and

RE ST

ella

ET RE

ER N IL M

R (A iver fon Us W k ys g)

05069g

8.2m

Sports 9.3m

Garage

Estate

ET RE ST

St Andrew's Junior School

73 75

BM 9.52m

Evtol

Garage

Warehouse

na ai Bl

Gar den

Garage

rtyb

Jetty

e stat

7.9m

Cou

7.5m

yor Conve

L RO CIA ER

El Sub Sta

Posts

n Hi

Depot

K IC ER ED ET FR RE ST

Albion

Posts

Playing Field

89 9

Community

St Andrew's Infants and Nursery Schools

Spytty Pill

7.9m

Tennis Court

7.6m

AY W

n dow Ash rt Cou

EE R

ETL K

k Par ise

ET RE

Playing Field 15

ea M

Y E WA RIS ERP

al E stri Indu

erpr Ent

T EN

Garage

138

F ROA GIE DAL

nv Co

Mu d

05158g

ENT

L PE CA CENT ES CR

MEN

to 44

TH AR

05163g

05156g

Club

s p' ili Ph ch ur Ch

T EE

ite Su

ion

ESC L CR PE CA

Allotment Gardens

RE N ST

7.6m

LL KE AS

8.9m

BS TC

(Home for the elderly)

ET RE

Garage

8,1m

Club

Spring Gardens Care Centre

Garage

BIO AL

INS

Industrial Estate

05159g

to 39

sts Po

1 to

S EN RD

9.1

Tanks

se s clo liam Wil

Tank

CANAL TERRACE

50 49 47

STR

to 34

to 29

l clo ape Ch

38 1

10.5

Works

Warehouse

o53

Driv 31

sts

Allotment Gardens

52t

ncis

Clinic

ET EW

ET RK

Chy

e Or Th

St David's

Court

SCE NT

Club

Builder's Yard

Fra

School

CAP EL CRE

TER RAC E

STREET

6m 9.1

154

L VUE

Garage

ns Gd

t Clo igh Kn

County Primary

ger y

JENKINS JENKINS

KL OA

Posts

255

Court

6 16

40 17

Factory ey

253

156

Raglan

SK RT PO

E OS CL

b Sta El Su

8.2m

Posts

PILLGWENLLY

ET RE

MP M

e uar Sq

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD) 256

El Sub Sta

Mud

Raglan Court

AD RO

Primary School

IVE DR

s Clo

hom e-T

vis Da

L EL

Pos

El Sub Sta

O CR

W M

Hopper

Pillgwenlly County

TER RAC E

BEL

eet Str

E OS N CL SO UL

Pillgwenlly

Sur

nci Fra

rdo Pa

8 to

264 265

258

ROAD LA

LPH

Hall

COU RTY BEL

10.4m

n Pla we

8.4m

CIS AN FR

IVE E DR

CRE SCE

Methodist

Garage

9.2m

263

ET RE ST

Builders Yard

5 2

sts Po

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

05066g

Works

05164g

ET RE ST

HIN LP DOHIN LP DO REET ST

8.9

4 ce l Pla nel Pin

268 269

259

F GIE

T EE STR

266 267

DAL MEN

CAP

TTE

Kirby Daniel Court

125 78

4 to

330 331

289 290

PILLGWENLLY

CRE SCE NT

(1 to 33)

291 292 288 293

10.2

lph

rde rt Ga

332

308

E OS

NE LA

LO AR CH

TT LO AR CH

BY KIR

315

9.5m

T EE STR

tte arlo Ch

336

El Sub Sta

Club

Tank

CE D PLA AN TL RU

Cromwell Road

TCB

Hopper

LT BO

CIS AN FR

Saint Philips

Posts

Church

Hopper

eet

Car Park

381

312

S CL WI LE

in Str

BM 7m

te Ho

05074g

El Sub Sta

ke Du

8.4m Sq

tc h

16 1

6.8m

6.8m BM 7.17m

05162g

Jacks Pill

Posts

EET STR

T EE

ET RK MA

STR

nn Du are Squ

n io at l or te rp Ho Co

Co nv

9.3m

9.7m

2 12

42 43

El Sub Sta

406

E PL EL NI

RE ST

ST WE

se a Clo

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

New ent d tam Tes of Go rch Chu

Posts 1

8.7m

ET RK

05165g

5m 8.4

Hostel

Alm

9 42

108

Hostel

K AL

0 43

T EE STR

35a

397

396

404 405

l nue l ma lica Em nge Eva urch Ch

3m .1 12

to 24

HE RB

395 3

Shelter

471 47 2

11.0m

Royal Gwent

11.3m

BE AL

8.6m

Car Park

47 0

5 43

General Hospital

CAP

lter She

469

468

TCB

2 1

RT WALK

481 482

ST WOOLOS

10.7m

Club

SQUARE

457

19.5m

to 18

458

HERBE

H MA UT

32a

WINDMILL

at or rp Co

7.4m

Industrial Estate

ic Clin

Mountjoy Gospel Hall

46 3 46 4

Post

449 448

143

7.0m CROMWELL ROAD

7.3m Works

131

127 129

123

119

61 55

447

456

Ambulance Station

446

467 466

l ra ne ur Fu rlo Pa

l ita sp ) al t Ho er en en (G

6m 7.

445

443

AD O

RE R ST

444

5 46

l Gw

7.63

Cattle Pens

ST RE

EET Y STR

FF DI AR

ER T

Playing Fields

L RO CIA ER MM

TJO UN

7 to

HE D

T EE

7 AC E

1 to6

Garage OY

03042g/45140

DE TRE

a 180

8 UN TJ

9.2m

8.8m

10.4m

TCBS

Garage

Tanks

W ER

ET RE

POW

El Sub Sta

Cattle Market

14.7m

A RO

W ate r

Mud

S ER

ery

OY ROAD MOUNTJ

Nurs

SQ UA RE

ET RK MA

OV DR

Warehouse

The Avenue CL YT

rf ha W

Car Park

The Grove

R ST

Shelter Pit

Playground

8.8m

20.2m

Cattle Market

ST WE

b Clu

's ck Ja

ET RE A ST RR

5 38

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

05161g

Outfall

ET RE

USK

BM 7.53m

Mud and Shingle

le ing d Sh d an Mu

05166g

30 HA SQUA

AD RO

26 CLYT

O C DI AL C

RK PA

n io at e St lic Po

05160g

9.1m

age

PE RU

Mud

Gar

4 2

l Pil

05167g

03044g

El Sub Sta

7.1m

d Mu

ET RE A ST

4m 9.1

03045g BM

Depot

h Reac

RR PE

's ck Ja

Works

k Us ) er ysg Riv n W fo (A

Mud

Town

Hall

Club

Mud

PILLGWENLLY

Masonic

TCB

20.7m

Mud

Wharf

Jack's Pill 2 A 404

SLA

25.8m 41

05168g

Hall

W NE A ST RR

A LA RR PE RU

9.0m

A RR PE RU T EE STR

Works

PE RU

DEW

9.4m

Venture Park

N O TI RA O

RA LANE

RUPER

ET RE ST

9.2m

3 33

Garage

QUEEN STREET Garage

05169g

Playing Field

GE OR GE

FS RP CO

05171g

ch ea

3m 9.9

9 32

Victoria Wharf

9.1m

VI E

Playing Fields

r ate

STRE

A 404

Monument

N TO LS BI

9.3m

HAM AVENU KEYNS

ROAD

R wn To

7 1b

PA RK

Club

7.6m

Usk g) er ys Riv nW (Afo

EE R

RGE

gh Hi

Post

A RR PE RU ET W RE NE ST

10. 32m

Ga rag e

13 9

DEWSTOW STREET

NEWPORT (CASNEWYDD)

an Me

PW Pos

94a

Scrap Yard

reh Wa

BM 9.23m

1 1a

ST WOOLOS ST WOOLOS

Shingle

C DO

5 32

KIN G STR EET

Gantry

PILLGWENLLY

PA RK

ER W LO

e Or Th

38.8m

05174g

7 1 to 4

GEO

Kingsvale 27

05083g

Car Park

Palace House

sto op sh

05170g

El Sub Sta

Deanery

RE ST

KEENE STREET

BM 13.55m

L AL NH

LE IL W

7 31

Canon's House

Mud

Gloucester Wharf Granville Square

Garage Warehouse

rch

05100g

St Paul's Clinic

athedral Chambers

DEWSLAND ROAD

N STRE MELLO

l's Chu St Pau

b Clu

ngs ildi al Bu 6 ion 1 to Nat

87b

87c

3a 10

53.4m

CE PLA

RA MY

Vicarage

11.8m

PAL

St Woolos' Cathedral

PARK SQUARE

49.0m

Stone

Tanks

El Sub Sta

Wharf

ETL Travell

Mud

8.8m STEPHENS

BM 9.53m

ON STRE

ing Crane

Crow Point L Twr

ing Crane

Outfall d

Travell

Dog Pound

7.9m B

Location map of archaeological interests (Newport south)

Tanks

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Appendix 2: Archaeological interests in Newport PRN

NAME

00183g

Newport Ford

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31248842

Prehistoric

Ford

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION Any ford which may have existed beneath Newport Bridge has now gone, the River Usk now being at a fair depth at this point. A pre-Roman ford existed at Newport, immediately under the present (1910) town bridge. It was considered a natural ford, having a solid rock foundation. However, part of a wayside cross was found 6.4m below the riverbed during construction works on the bridge. Therefore, the 'solid rock foundation' mentioned above may be misleading and casts doubt over the existence of the ford (Mathews 1910, 128).

PRN

NAME

00186g

East Gate

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31158840

Medieval

Gate

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION There was a great stone gate by the bridge at the east end of the town. The pivots belonging to the hinges of the east gate are discernible in the walls. Probably contemporary with Newport Castle (12th century), certainly extant in 1538 (Mathews 1910, 87).

112

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00187g

Long Stables

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31158838

Medieval

Stable

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A building called the Long Stables. Located on the opposite side of the road to the conjectural south gate of Newport Castle. The construction date is not known, but was extant in the fifteenth century.

PRN

NAME

00190g

West Gate

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31038811

Medieval

Gate

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The Westgate had no connection with the purpose of defence. It was built in the middle of the fourteenth century and was used for the collection of the Customs and later as a prison. The arms found on the tollbooth were those of Ralph, Lord Stafford, proving conclusively that the Westgate tollbooth was erected in 1347-8. It was demolished in 1799 (Mathews 1910, 46, 87, 1017).

113

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00191g

Westgate House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31048810

Medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The second Westgate Inn, built on the site of the Old Manor House in 1799. Workmen came across an old spiral stair way and at the bottom, a stone porch forming an entrance (Mathews 1910, 46, 107-8).

PRN

NAME

00192g/93389/MM009 Newport Castle

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31168845

Medieval

Castle

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Destroyed

SAM Mm 9

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Newport Castle consists of what was once the east front of a rectangular bailey, except for foundations, all other parts of the fortress have been destroyed. It was built in the first quarter of the twelfth century, probably by Robert FitzHenry, Earl of Gloucester (d.1147), It certainly existed in 1173. The scheduled area has been revised to exclude the north curtain and adjacent areas, which were demolished during the construction of a main road (Knight 1991, 17-42).

114

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00194g

County Hall

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31088845

Medieval

County hall

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION In the fifteenth century, one burgage immediately in front of the castle was converted for use as the town pound, and on three adjacent sites, the County Hall of the Lordship was built (Rees 1951, 14).

PRN

NAME

00195g

Manor Pound

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31078845

Medieval

Pound

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION In the fifteenth century, one burgage plot, immediately in front of the castle was converted for use as the town pound. Hay and corn stores, occupied the site of the pound for an extended period (Rees 1951, 14).

115

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00196g/307857

Austin Friary

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31228807

Medieval

Friary

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The possible site of the Austin Friary, founded 1377 by Hugh, Earl of Stafford. It was dissolved in 1538 and used as a residence. It is also the possible site of the Chapel of St Nicholas, which was extant before 1377. A fragment of the Friary wall remains (Knowles and Hadcock 1953, 201).

PRN

NAME

00197g

Newport Quay

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31258822

Medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION In 1521, Newport was described as having "a goodly haven coming into it but well occupied with small trading vessels". The quay was extant in the fourteenth century (Coxe 1801, 56).

116

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00198g

Newport Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31248842

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The first timber bridge over the River Usk was built c.1158-1187. It rested on a stone pillar built in the centre of the river. In 1799, the bridge was demolished. Its earliest mention was in 1265 when it was burned down by Simon de Montfort. It was also possibly destroyed by Owen Glendower c.1402 and subsequently rebuilt; the bridge is described in 1587 as being constructed of 'tymber new' (Jervoise 1936, 108).

PRN

NAME

00199g

Preaching Cross

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31248842

Medieval

Cross

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Head of a wayside or preaching cross, found whilst excavating foundations for the present Newport Bridge in 1925. Part of the shaft remains though the top is damaged. Figures represent the crucifixion. It has been dated to 1450-1500 (Mitchell 1893, 32).

117

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00203g

Friars Pump

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31128814

Post-medieval

Well

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The present (1910) Potters Arms is probably built on its site, although the well was extant c.1750 (Mathews 1910, 154).

PRN

NAME

00226g

Newport/Casnewydd

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31008820

Medieval

Settlement

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A small town, possibly walled, formed on the establishment of the castle in the twelfth century. In early documents this township was called Novus Burgus. During the early Norman period, the manor was known as Stow (a motte was constructed), and formed part of the demesne lands of the lordship of Wentloog. Robert the Consul, Earl of Gloucester (d.1147), built the castle of Newport on the side of the River Usk to guard the eastern boundary of his lordship. Near this fortress, a small township grew up, its first mention being in c.1126. The town lay on either side of the old trackway from the castle towards the bottom of Stow Hill.

118

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00263g

Human skull

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31608425

Prehistoric

Burial

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION Human skull with animal bones found in a gravel bed at a depth of 12.8 meters below the land surface, during the construction of the entrance to the New Docks. No worked implements were found to help in assigning a date, although using an assumed rate of silt accumulation a date has been calculated of 6000 BP. The animal bones included Bos, wild boar, red deer, sheep, wolf, horse and whale. One of the bones may have been cracked open for its marrow.

PRN

NAME

02495g/43157

Transporter Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31708625

Modern

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB2

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A bridge spanning the River Usk at Newport. It was opened on 12 September 1906 after its commissioning by the Newport Corporation following the development of the east side of the river, and the opening of the Orb Steel Works in 1897. Transporter bridges consist of a moving platform, suspended from a high level boom held between two towers positioned on either side of the river. The boom carries a rail track on which a moving traveller or carriage is pulled along by cables operated from a motor house. More cables are suspended beneath the traveller, attached to a gondola or moving platform, which travellers board from approach roads beneath the towers. The bridge at Newport spans 196.6m, and measures 73.7m at its maximum height. It took four years to complete, at a cost of ÂŁ98,000. The bridge was restored in the late twentieth century (Ward, Lock and Co. 1936, 49-50).

119

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03042g/45140

Lower Dock Street No 109

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31618749

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A mid nineteenth century building. Three storeys tall and decorated with heavy Italianate detail.

PRN

NAME

03043g

Lower Dock Street No 69

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31498766

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

120

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03044g

Lower Dock Street No 77

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31558760

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

03045g

Lower Dock Street No 78

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31558759

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

121

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03706g/34559

Canal Parade Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315878

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A dilapidated two storey building in Canal Parade. It forms the main relic of the Monmouthshire canal in Newport. There is a large hole evident in the lower floor of the south elevation.

PRN

NAME

03707g

Custom House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST314877

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Built in 1858, it has a four bay neo-classical front elevation with pediments containing crests.

122

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03708g/34299

Wooden wharves and hoists

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318877

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The River Usk, the earliest of Newports harbours, is lined on the western bank with projecting wooden wharves in various stages of decay. Some were primarily coal staithes with tipping gear, such as those south of George St. Bridge.

PRN

NAME

03713g/34293

Baltic Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST322868

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A three storey, five bay masonry block built alongside the Old Town Dock (now in filled). It is probably of similar date to the Cattle Market, c. 1844.

123

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03715g

Malthouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST323868

Unknown

Malt house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A large three storey building c. 1896, with two ranks of dormer windows visible.

PRN

NAME

04290g

Old Railway Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312884

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A magnificent railway bridge, destroyed by fire on 31st may 1848. It was set alight when nearing completion.

124

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05064g

Pillgwenlly Pill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST319866

Natural

Stream

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Stream

FULL DESCRIPTION A natural stream (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05065g

Canal Basin

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST319866

Post-medieval

Canal

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The Parliamentary Bill for the construction of the Monmouthshire Canal was passed in 1892. The canal was designed and built by Thomas Dadford Junior and consisted of two branches, starting at Pontnewynydd and Crumlin, and terminating at Newport. When it was opened in 1796, the Newport terminus was at a basin to the north of Town Pill (05092g). However, an extension to Pillgwenlly was constructed in 1807, terminating at Potter Street. In 1818, a further extension, including a new basin was built by the Tredegar Wharf Company allowing access to the wharves around Pillgwenlly Pill. The Pillgwenlly extension was closed in 1853, soon being in filled and replaced by a railway line (Maylan 1991).

125

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05066g

Dry dock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST319874

Post-medieval

Dry dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The first dry dock was built by William Perkins in 1830. Further expansion to this site in 1842, included construction of a secondary dock by Willmett and Hall. A further change in ownership (Mordey, Carney and Co.), led to a third basin being built in 1888. A plan of the site, possibly drawn up in 1926, when the operation was sold to John Cashmore Ltd., is in Newport Museum (Accession No 91-2) (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05067g

Town Dock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST321869

Post-medieval

Floating dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The construction of a "floating dock" at Newport was proposed in the early nineteenth century, but an Act of Parliament for the construction of the Town Dock was not passed until 1835. This allowed an area of 26 acres to be developed. Construction work commenced in 1836, but a number of major problems, including the bankruptcy of the contractors and a major landslip in 1837,prevented completion until 1842. The Dock, on completion, had cost ÂŁ200,000 and covered an area of four and a half acres. It was opened with great ceremony and celebrations on the 10th October 1842 (Maylan 1991).

126

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05068g

Sea Lock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST323867

Post-medieval

Lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The lock to the Town Dock was 220 feet (67 m) long and 61 feet (18.7 m) wide. It was claimed that it was the largest lock in the world when it was opened and could accommodate the largest ships then afloat (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05069g

Town Dock Extension

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST319871

Post-medieval

Reservoir

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The reservoir was an extension to the Town Dock. Although the original Act of Parliament did allow for an extension, an additional Act was applied for in 1854. Construction was started in 1856 and it was opened on the 1st March 1858. The extension covered an area of seven and a quarter acres and was connected to the Town Dock by a canal twenty meters long. The Town Dock and Reservoir were closed in 1931 and backfilled in 1936 ((Maylan 1991).

127

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05073g

Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST323871

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION There are substantial remains of wharves along the river frontage. Most examples are disused and are represented by the remains of the timber uprights projecting from the river mud. However, some examples have been incorporated into modern wharves, especially in the area owned by Black Clawson (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05074g

Dock Entrance

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST319874

Post-medieval

Dry dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The first dry dock was built by William Perkins in 1830. Further expansion to this site in 1842 included construction of a secondary dock by Willmett and Hall. A further change in ownership (Mordey, Carney and Co.) led to a third basin being built in 1881. A plan of the site possibly drawn up in 1926, when the operation was sold to John Cashmore Ltd., is in Newport Museum (Accession No 91-2) (Maylan 1991).

128

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05083g

Jetty

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318876

Post-medieval

Jetty

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Development in the Spytty/Corporation Road area did not start until the middle of the nineteenth century, when three jetties (05081g, 05082g and 05083g) were constructed to allow ballast to be unloaded. This process has raised the ground surface considerably and diverted a meandering stream from its outfall in a small pill (05084g) into a culvert, opening into the river at ST321874 (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05086g

Fish Pool

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312884

Unknown

Fish pond

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Pool

FULL DESCRIPTION Fishing was an important source of income for the medieval Lord. The accounts of 1401-2 record an income of 7s. 1d from the piscaria (05086g). An eighteenth century document mentions the fish pool at Newport Bridge, which is probably the site of the medieval fishery (Maylan 1991).

129

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05087g

Town Pill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312882

Natural

Stream

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Stream

FULL DESCRIPTION The Town Pill has been much longer than at present, eighteenth century plans show it extending to the High Street. The discovery of fragments of a boat under the National Provincial Bank (now National Westminster Bank) at ST 3100 8818 in 1928 (05088g) Newport Museum Acc. No.84.34), probably shows the limit of the western extension of this feature. The Pill was the original harbour at Newport. In the early eighteenth century it may have been called Arthur's Pill (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05088g

Boat

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST310882

Unknown

Boat

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Fragments of a boat discovered under the National Provincial Bank (now the National Westminster Bank) (Maylan 1991).

130

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05089g

Small pill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315879

Natural

Stream

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Stream

FULL DESCRIPTION On a plan of 1762 in Newport Library (pq M160 912 PLA) there is a small pill marked. It is also depicted in 1806, although there is no trace of this feature at resent time (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05090g

Town Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312883

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION In the medieval period, the Town Wharf (05090g) was in the area to the north of the Town Pill, with the pill itself used as a harbour. The commencement of regular sailings to Bristol in the eighteenth century saw the development of two wharves, the Tredegar Wharf (05091g) to the north of the medieval wharf and the Moderator Wharf (05090g) on the area formerly occupied by the Waterside Key (Maylan 1991).

131

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05091g

Tredegar Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312883

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The commencement of regular sailings to Bristol in the eighteenth century saw the development of two wharves, the Tredegar Wharf (05091g) to the north of the medieval wharf and the Moderator Wharf (05090g) on the area formerly occupied by the Waterside Key (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05092g

Monmouthshire Canal Basin

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312881

Post-medieval

Canal

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION When it was built in 1796 the Monmouthshire Canal terminated in a basin (05092g) to the north of the Town Pill. In 1799 the canal was extended across the Pill to terminate in the Friars Field area, before another extension was built to Pillgwenlly in 1808. The original basin covered an area of two acres, and by 1804 a number of warehouses and a dry dock had been built beside it (Maylan 1991).

132

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05093g

Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST313881

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An imposing three storey, irregular sided, stone building. It features brick highlights and a slate roof. This building was constructed in 1890 (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05094g

Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST311881

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A single storey rectangular stone building with a slate roof. This building was constructed at the same time as the Dudley warehouse (1890) (Maylan 1991).

133

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05100g

Bonded warehouses

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315876

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

See below

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Two bonded warehouses flank the Customs House. They have similar features, having three storey with segmental-headed windows on the first floor and arched windows on the second floor. Heavy scrolled brackets serve as pilasters on the ground floor. The southern warehouse (75-76 Lower Dock Street) is locally listed but the northern one (73 Lower Dock Street) is not protected (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05101g

Large pill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST313883

Natural

Stream

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Stream

FULL DESCRIPTION A large pill (05101g) is depicted on the Van Estate Plans of 1758. The sea wall runs inland around this feature to produce a possible harbour site. By 1782 the pill has been blocked (Maylan 1991).

134

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05105g

Jetty

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315880

Post-medieval

Jetty

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION In 1851, two jetties (05105g and 05106g) were constructed to allow the unloading of ballast onto the substantial ballast banks lining the river. The process led to a substantial raising of the ground surface in this area (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05111g

Timber yard

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST314881

Post-medieval

Timber yard

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This area was used by Nelson Hewertson and Co. as a timber and barkyard. During the 1870s' a number of small wooden ships were built by the company, but this had ceased by 1885 (Maylan 1991).

135

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05119g

Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312885

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Vessels used this wharf for loading timber on the Castle Green (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05151g

Railway Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312882

Post-medieval

Railway bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval railway bridge (Maylan 1991).

136

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05156g

Lower Dock Street No 84

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318873

Post-medieval

Chandlery

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A three storey, pebble-dashed building with modern windows, which by 1885 was a ships chandlers and bonded store run until 1920 by T. Pugsley and Co. It is now empty (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05157g

Boat

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST320850

Unknown

Boat

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Boat

FULL DESCRIPTION In April 1878, during excavations for new timber pond, remains of a vessel were found 3.6 meters below surface. A portion of the ship's side was found retained in an upright position by sharpened oak stakes driven into the soil beneath as if to form a dam or embankment. Clinker-built, between the planking some of the caulking was found (dark coloured wool). Small fragment preserved at Newport, measures 248mm maximum length, 156mm maximum width and 21mm maximum thickness. An 8-figure NGR is unlikely given the vague description. Radiocarbon date c950 AD (Maylan 1991).

137

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05158g

Lower Dock Street No 85

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318873

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A three-storey building, with modern alterations to the facade. In 1885 it was the offices of R.Gething and Co, shipbrokers, C.H.W.Grasdorff, shipbrokers and Portuguese vice-consulate; as well as Baker and Son, shipbrokers. The building was later shared between Gething and Co. and the Town Dock Collector, of the Alexandria Dock and Railway Company. After 1920 it became a private house, and it is now empty (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05159g

Lower Dock Street No 86/87

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318874

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century three storey building, with shallow bay windows on the first floor and sashed windows with glazing bars. The ground facade has been altered by the addition of a modern tiled shop front. The property was the offices of Jones Bros. and Co. in 1885 and they vacated them in the late 1930s'. It is now derelict (Maylan 1991).

138

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05160g

Lower Dock Street No 88

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318874

Post-medieval

Hotel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A three-storey building with twin bay windows on the first floor. The ground floor still has some decorative mouldings. This building was the Caledonian Hotel run by Nathaniel Persichin in 1885. In the early 1920s' it was converted into the offices of Partridge, Jones and John Paton Ltd., colliery proprietors as well as steel, sheet, and tinplate manufacturers, who remained here until the 1960s'. It is now derelict (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05161g

Lower Dock Street No 89

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318874

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century three storey building. It has a bay window on the first floor and the facade has been stuccoed in recent times. It was the offices of T.Beynon and Co. Ltd., shipbrokers and owners, who shared the premises with the NewportAbercarn Black Vein Steam Coal Co. Ltd. until the early 1900s' when the latter moved next door to number 90. Beynon and Co. became the Lloyds Agent and acted as vice consul for Austro-Hungary and Chile (Maylan 1991).

139

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05162g

Lower Dock Street No 90

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318874

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A mid nineteenth century three storey building with a well-moulded Venetian window on the first floor. It was occupied by several firms in 1885, but was taken over by the Newport-Abercarn Black Vein Steam Coal Co. Ltd. in the early twentieth century. They were succeeded as owners by James and Emmanuel, the colliery agents (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05163g

Lower Dock Street No 91

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST318874

Post-medieval

Public house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A three storey locally listed structure, with a stuccoed façade and good eaves moulding, built in 1817. The ground floor has a pub front with pilasters. In 1885 this was the Union Hotel run by William Bridgewater. It changed its name in 1890 to the Richmond Hotel and kept this name until 1963 when it became the River View Working Men’s Club. Numbers 92 to 103 have all been demolished except, in some cases, for the ground floor wall, which has been retained as a fence for the Courage Beer depot (Maylan 1991).

140

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05164g

Lower Dock Street No 104

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST317874

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTIONAn eighteenth century, three storey building rebuilt in the mid nineteenth century, on the local list. The facade is stuccoed with a canopied door. It is in a poor condition. The building was originally the offices of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company. In 1880 the M.R.& C.C. was taken over by the Great Western Railway and this building became their offices (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05165g

Lower Dock Street No 105

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST317874

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An early nineteenth century three storey stuccoed fronted building with a shop front under a timber Bessamer stretching across the whole frontage. The whole building is derelict and in very poor condition. In 1885, this building was shared by two ship broking companies, Rennies and Co. and Budd and Co. From 1900 until 1930, the offices of the Bargoed Coal Co. were here, and they were succeeded as tenants by J.F.Thomas and Co Shipbrokers (Maylan 1991).

141

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05166g

Lower Dock Street No 106/107

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST317874

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A dignified pair of nineteenth century houses. They have a rusticated ground floor with paired arched doors. It appears to have been built by Jones, Heard and Co. shipbrokers, and vice-consul for the United States of America and Belgium, who occupied the premises until the 1960s'. They are now in poor condition, currently being used as a massage parlour (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05167g

Lower Dock Street No 110

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST316875

Post-medieval

Freemasons hall

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This was the Masonic Hotel until 1970. The ground floor has been remodelled to form a modern shop and new windows have also been added (Maylan 1991).

142

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05168g

Lower Dock Street No 111

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST316875

Post-medieval

Shop

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Three storey rendered building, with a bay window on the first floor. In 1885, this was a grocers shop owned by J.W.Nicholas. It was then acquired by Huss and Co., ships chandlers and paint manufacturers, who were also the vice-consuls for Italy, Sweden, Norway and Portugal (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05169g

Lower Dock Street No 112/115

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST316875

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION These buildings were all constructed as the same development. They have three storeys with rough cast stone facades and are surmounted by a cornice with ball finials. Numbers 112 and 113 have arched second floor windows. These buildings have been occupied by a large number of firms in the last hundred years, and they are in poor condition (Maylan 1991).

143

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05170g

Lower Dock Street No 116

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST316875

Post-medieval

Public house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This is an eighteenth century three storey building with a stuccoed front and a pub ground floor. It was the Vulcan Public House until it was converted into a restaurant, it is now empty (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05171g

Lower Dock Street No 117

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST316875

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late eighteenth century three storey building with a stuccoed frontage. These premises were shared by numerous small shipbrokers, some of which can be noted on the etched windows, which bear the names of Watts, Watts and Co. and Lambert Bros. In the 1960s' it was the headquarters of the Newport Pilotage Authority (Maylan 1991).

144

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05174g

Lower Dock Street No 77/78

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315876

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION These were the buildings were divided into offices for a number of firms. In 1885 No.77 housed the offices of Cuthbert, Hancock &Co. managers of the Tillery Coal Co.; Simkins Bros., shipbrokers; and A.J.Murphy coal merchant. Whilst No.78 housed the offices of J.G.Watts, coal and pitwood merchant and the Blaenavon Co. Ltd. The building dates to the early nineteenth century and is in the style of the "Greek Revival" with a stuccoed facade containing Doric doorways, sash windows and fanlights. It is a Grade II listed building (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05175g

Lower Dock Street No 72

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315877

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This building was the Custom House Dining Rooms owned by Rachel Stanley in 1885. It later became the Custom House Inn until its closure during the 1970s'. Today it is combined with the neighbouring bonded warehouse to form storage facilities (Maylan 1991).

145

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05176g

Lower Dock Street No 71

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315877

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This building was divided into offices. In 1885 it housed Espeland & Winfield, ships chandlers and James Griffiths, sailmaker. The building has three storeys with a Georgian-style brick faรงade (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05177g

Lower Dock Street No 69

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315877

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This elegant building was built as offices by Thomas Powell for his coal company in the early nineteenth century. By 1885, it had been divided into several offices including the Newport Chamber of Commerce. The building is in the "Greek Revival" style with a stuccoed two-storey facade and a Doric style porch with ornate pillars. It is a Grade II Listed Building (Maylan 1991).

146

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05178g

Lower Dock Street No 67/68

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315877

Post-medieval

Mews

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION These buildings were the central mews and stables for Tovey Brothers, undertakers, from 1890 until 1935. The buildings are depicted in advertisements in the trade directories of this period (e.g. Progress and Commerce 1893, 168). The buildings have been refurbished but the facade retains elements of the original (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05179g

Lower Dock Street No 139

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST314877

Post-medieval

Ragged school

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This building was built as a "ragged school" in 1864 to provide education for the poor children of the town. It was later used as a library before being acquired by Watts, Ward and Co as offices in 1885. It is currently undergoing renovation (Maylan 1991).

147

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05180g

Lower Dock Street No 58

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315878

Modern

Drill hall

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This building was built as the drill hall of the Fourth Volunteer Battalion of the South Wales Borderers in 1902, replacing an earlier building built in 1865. The structure is a stone building with a brick and stone pseudo-castle facade. A large vehicular doorway (now a display window) pierces the centre of the faรงade underneath a crenellated tower. The building has been converted into a shop (Maylan 1991).

PRN

NAME

05693g

Context 112

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31018430

Post-medieval

Drainage ditch

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Ditch

FULL DESCRIPTION A linear reen cut with modern peat fill. It is 6m wide and two meters deep and cut from the surface. It appears to have a north/south alignment (Turner 1997).

148

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

05694g

Context 114

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31088420

Post-medieval

Drainage ditch

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Ditch

FULL DESCRIPTION A linear reen cut with modern rubble fill. It measures two meters wide and two meters deep, 0.60m below the ground surface. The alignment is north/south (Turner 1997).

PRN

NAME

06254g

Wildings Dept. Store

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31098803

Post-medieval

Department store

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Wildings dept store, built c.1885, with a Victorian exterior. Previously the "Ship and Pilot" pub and part of "London House" of Evans and Allen. The store has been occupied by Wildings since 1931.

149

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

3094

Lower Dock Street No 108

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31608752

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval building.

PRN

NAME

10568

Dock Head Scandinavian Lutheran Church Mission

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST3285

Post-medieval

Chapel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval chapel.

150

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

31986

Newport Market

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31088827

Post-medieval

Market Hall

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Built in 1887 by Watkins and Kirby, although the barrel-vaulted, iron and glass shed may be earlier. The front office block is mainly Jacobean with three storeys and with coursed rubble. Also evident are grey ashlar dressings, nine mullioned windows and Arts and Crafts ironwork.

PRN

NAME

34295

Custom House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST315877

Post-medieval

Custom House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A four bay, neo-classical front elevation, with pediments containing crests. Dated to the mid nineteenth century.

151

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

36513

Bridge Street No 1

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31028813

Post-medieval

House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval house.

PRN

NAME

43156

Old Newport Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31258843

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Built in 1800 and widened in 1865, with further widening occurring in 1892. The bridge was composed of five arches. Although it is now destroyed.

152

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

43158

New Newport Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST31258843

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval bridge.

PRN

NAME

91413

Newport Docks

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST32008500

Post-medieval

Dockyard

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near intact

None

Complex

FULL DESCRIPTION Nineteenth century and later, iron and coal exporting docks.

153

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

307059

Newport Medieval Ship

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST312881

Medieval

Shipwreck

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

None

Wreck

FULL DESCRIPTION The well preserved remains of a medieval ship of the "keel" type, dendrochronologically dated to c.1465, and discovered on the western bank of the River Usk, at Moderator Wharf, during construction of a new arts centre. Remains measure 21 metres long and eight metres wide.

154

12 26

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42 20

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Nelson Court

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Cardiff Bay Hotel AN ATL

Cardiff Bay Hotel

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1 to

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rt ufo Bea

Johnston's Buildings

Bon

F rt Cou

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1 to

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MP 170.25

S Gantry

T ER

Bollard

PL A CE

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Bollard

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1 to

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k Wal

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15 to 12

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4 1

91 79

23 20

22 19

24 12 3

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13 9

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Pip

BM 8.02m

S Gantry

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273754

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8m BM 7.8

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Subway

S Gan

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10 12

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9 43

12 22

16 14

1 20

20 18

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Car Park

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Hotel

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Hotel

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Hotel

21 to

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50 46

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Teritorial Army Centre

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District Council Offices Car Park

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Multistorey

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86 to

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t ee Str od dge Wo Bri

ICK

Cardiff International Arena (Arena Ryngwladol Caerdydd)

Club

ER ED FR

FSs

Bank

ca Ar

VIS DA m 7.80

Warehouse

e Ex phon Tele

N TER WES AT

CENTRAL b

NT ME

and

on tati sS Bu

BA EM

e Marland Hous

N MO HA

R ST

Club

Clu

Sub Sta

ERN LANE GREAT WEST

Z FIT

REET

D OO W

ua Sq tral

oach

Sub Sta

gs ldin Bui

T EE

TCB

GRE

00143s

ST NET TAGE PLAN

00140s

Multistorey Car Park

FSs

Multistorey CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Car Park

CENTRAL SQUARE

Cen

rd fo e us Ho

ET RE ST

YD TR (S

8.2m

es Wal of ) (PH

Terminal Buildings PC

al min

Posts

Silo

8.8

nce Pri

Ter

se ou sH avid

D OA TR OT SC

7.3m

l rnacy Tabewys Egl dwyr yd Bed

H nd

la Mar

Warehouse

7.3m

CENTRAL

Multistorey Car Park

E LIN RO CA

9.07m

Hotel

CR ES CE NT

TEMPERANCE TOWN

EE TR

Old e Th wery Bre

8.8m

ET RE ST OD WO

El Sub Sta

South Gate House T EE

nry

E ON LAN HAM

02146s

7.6m

S GE

Centre

The t er ) Alb (PH

TCBs

6 26b

STR

so ma

FITZ

P CHAM BEAUREET ST

26c

8.5m

Information

de ca l Ar ya Ro

Ivor House (Warehouse)

ID BR

MP 1

Library

29 27

0.3

kilometres

Masonic Hall

Multi Car Pk

) ES

CK LO VE

g pin Slo

LA NE

rcad

yes

use Ho

0.15

7 to

Royal Hotel

TH AM

4 5

A (YR ES AY

rg Mo

EH TH

IR FA

NT ME NK BA EM ON AM ZH FIT

38 32 28

FIZ

YS LW EG

REET

ET 34

23 21

1 to 3

T ST

ard Hou

STRE

ns rde n Ga urt ee Co Gr

OL HE

Rich

P CHAM BEAU

ne La rry

BM 9.05m

use Ho id's WOOD Dav

Ba a

or Oxf

Sta 31

ard Edw se Hou

NE TAGE PLAN

A ord Oxf

8.2m

49m

1 to

rcad dA

b Su

R) TE

9 10

7.0m

00112s 37

Thomson House

D St

9.4m

TLE LIT

7 9

FSs

T EE STR

Job Centre

St David's Link

Roof Car Park

7.9m

Bank

Court

HM Prison and Remand Centre

mp Ra

Club

9.4m

TCBs

T EE STR RK PA

L) AW -C

EET STR

29 (Y

7.9m

The

L-Y

Hotel

8.5m

Mew

ral hed Cat lk Wa

RY MA

) E

se ou eh ar

ops Sh

Bs TC

TH R PO

Govt Office

Posts

1 to

E RE ST

Monument

Y OL

Stadium House

t ee Str

00864s

rag Ga

Elgin House

L EO (H

Club

Millennium Stadium

01817s

O RT HA W

ET RE ST

W RO

L AL DH IL GU

L'S HIL

Batchelor's

RS KE

RE E

BM 11.21m ce

TUDO R STRE

8. BM

7.6m

TCB

) DD UA

Law Court

7m 8.3

e of) urs

Hall

CARDIFF(CAERDYDD)

ll Wa wn To

(co

00906s

AT E

Club

Court

es ay e H s) Th r Ae (Y

S LA

Magistrates

HM Prison and Remand Centre

Warehouse

E AC PL

orth

Pla

9 to

Sub Sta

ES T

7.3m

TCB

7.9m

Offices

Whitw

85374

Government

PCs

l's Hil

10.1m

ds en Fri ouse of ty g H cie tin So Mee

Posts

PCs

ria

FSs

Court

Vic to

t ee Str ing

t ee

s PC

50a

Helmont House

County

ACE R PL

00110s

Bank

Millennium Stadium

KNOX RO

Car Park

10.1m

01559s

St David's Hall

t ee Str wl) n a PC rto Y-C ha lW (Heo

Bank

Multistorey

ig's St Dyfr se Hou

Car Park

n lita po tro rch Me Chu id's ral Dav ed St Cath

TCBs

rk Wo

Str

The Exhibition (PH) Centre For The Visual Arts

DESPENSE R STREET

ENSE DESP

11.0m

Magistrates Court (Llys Ynadon) Knox Court

HM Prison and Remand Centre

Posts

Club

St David's Centre

RO AD

Subway

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

02736s

Posts

Car Park

Hall

St David's Centre

y nit Tri

Hotel

00106s

00113s

Ca rP ark

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

nd sta nd

glw

(restored)

Central Market

Bank

53 33

rE dY

id's

7m .5 11

t ee

i) Ce

Dav

try

TCBs Posts

10.4m

id's Davay W

e e Th rcad AH) Old (P

(S et

) ys

T EE

Posts

BM 12.17m

10.4m

Cardiff Arms Park

00810s

St John the Baptist Church

t ee

tre

to 31

Str

EI) YC

g kin or

YD (STR

Str

Y yd (Str

hS urc Ch

6 to

ay Qu 13

Wal

TR DS

Town

R WA ED TH

BM 10.85m

e cad

The ms Ar City (PH)

reet k St ) eric eric Fred l Fred (Heo

t ee

eet

R NO

et Stre

Str

9 to

) WR L FA m 11.6

Club

BM 8.65m

de ca

Castle Arcade

Br an Ca stl Ho kso e u s me 7.9m Co e ur t M arl b Ho oro us ug e h

Clu

h Jo

O (HE

0m 12.0 BM

h Str Hig

9 7 5

Park Car

Hodge House

7.9m

Gra

t Ar ee

EET STR

34 32

01514s

Bank

KN OX

21 19

00141s

Westgate House

11.6m

Athletic Club

3 to

Str

H HIG

ate tg es urt W Co

us e

Rugby Football Ground

Taff River Taf) (Afon

BM 8.10m

) BY AN OM

Club

W in Ho

W in Ho ds o us r e

A ns) ee to 50 Qu (1

17 15

ourt sC Jone

TR (S

10 to

Car Park

EET

) 10

nry maso

BROOK STR

W a Ho rwic us k e

CENTRAL

g Slopin

le Castings ld Bui

e rs ou

2 4

Auction

e ad

Room

race Ter

Grand Hotel

TCB

10.4m

Car Park 9.4m

CENTRAL

ET STRE

TERRA

ta nds Gra

ns Dicke e Arcad

Club

7.6m

Court

Sub Sta

Bank Crown

Bank

tion

ANBY WOM

TREAM

REET

ocia Ass es ball al Foot of W ) (HQ

t Ke nil Ho wo us rth e

Path

COLDS

00865s 3

Bowling Green 13

t Cour

Angel Hotel

W E (H ST EO GA L TE Y P ST Ca ORT REE Du s t H) T n Ho rav le us en C e

Ra Ho gla us n e

Pavilion

00121s 8

View TC B

BM 8.56m Garage

MAR K ST

9.1m

Centre Hotel

Park

Arg yle Ho use

Posts

01665s 42

use

Cardiff Bridge

L) Y CASTEL

10.1m

get

(HEOL

L) (HEOL Y CASTEL

Ho use

STREET

1 to

CASTLE STREET

21a

CASTLE

9.8m

Tar

ebe

00107s

BM 9.50m 9.8m

COWBRIDGE ROAD EAST

.88m

10.7m

BM 10.73m th Pol lard

Ho use

BM 11

West Lodge

Ke nne

G) Y DU

Town Wall

DUKE

BM 9.72m

G) Y DU

EOL

EET STR

ET (H STRE KE DU

OL (HE

uth

Military Museum

S ST

St Davids Centre 4

CENTRAL

Bute Park

Lodge

Ply

Castle Green

and remains of ROMAN FORT e of) (cours

onry

Sophia Gardens

ing mas

h Pat

Slop

7.9m

D OR (FF

Statue

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

St Davids Centre

alk

nry

11.6m

Military Museum

TCBs

West Gate (remains of)

Water

(site of)

lW edra Cath

East Gate

ing maso

BM 13.28m

st ns We

reet k St ic) eric er Fred l Fred (Heo

Slop

Quee

Bank

TCBs

1 Lodge

TCB's

et Queen Stre s) Frenhine (Heol y

11.9m

Bank

Well

LB 25

19 to 17

(site of)

Well

AY W

North Gate

BM 8.34m

L HIL

TCBs

11.0m

p am

C UR

39 39

53 Bank

Bank

7.3m

HEOL

18 2 to

36 42

to 70 54

to 88 72 90

26 24

23 22

21 18

2 1

RO AD H PE NA RT

10 12

Sta

240

El Sub

Chy

GRANGETOWN

12 24

5 4 16

13 12

13 3

14 to

ROAD PENA RTH

9 7 5

7.9 9m

Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004).

10 8

49 71

59 24

The Noor-El-Islam Mosque

Kirkby Court

104

al Can

Haxby Court

Moorby Court

238

Moorby Court

11 3

7.6m

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office ÂŠ Crown copyright.

Location map of archaeological interests (Cardiff north)

1 4

7.3m

6 2

EE T

E ST TRAD

BM 7.89m

GARDENS

CLO GE RID LB FE

Newby Court

12 14

BM 7.64m

Stores

ST R

14 9

3 1

RP UR

IVE

R EO

23 21

E NU VE

307774

DG OY LL

to 14

E RIV

7.9m

Tks

AY RW NE

E LE

St Mary the Virgin Church

EA RG EO

Hall

O HO SC

YD RIT LE CE

Cross

Outfall

ATLANTIC WHARF (GLANFA IWERYDD)

18 28

CE LE RIT YD RIV E

b Sta Su

b Sta El Su

School House

Vicarage

7.3m

Can

AIG

BM 8.10m

T EE

FA OD

8.2m

STR

Taff Workshops

Tresillian Way Industrial Estate

RTH

CLO

T UR CO BY NA OR TH

DG OY LL

Tresillian Way Industrial Estate

N INIA RV ME

15 16

E UT

RADE L PA CANA

ACE TERR IAN

0m 8.0

R HU

Tank

7.0m

B YD

TR T S EE

Tresillian House

EE T

AN RO CURR

ET MARDY STRE

7.0m

pot

H RC HU K CEET EE GR STR

ILL TRES

ST R

Animal Treatment Centre

as hol Nic h urc Ch

St Mary the Virgin Primary School

00895s

AY SH AW CR

Outfall

E RIV RD NO AN NS LLA

FSs

Tank

Bakery

ek Gre

85401 35 to

E RIV RD NO

STR

Ch ur

by Rox

rt Cou

BM 7.87m

S HE RC ME

A PL

MERC

TY GOBAITH

Brewery

7.3m

AN ILLI ES TR DD OR

Tanks

Sloping masonry

ET HAFOD STRE

ET DINAS STRE

AN NS

Temple

yan Shree Swaminara

7.7

ENS HES GARD

Tank

LLA

Sluice

02208s

WAY IAN SILL TRE

Taf)

26 38 48

50 60 70

Laboratory

KMENT EMBAN MEAD TAFFS

ni mu m Co re nt Ce

hi tc e Ku l re te Pa Sh va Le aj m Sa

(PH)

B M

n River Taff (Afo

Shelter

The Neville

y wa

12 ty

Anchor Court

Sub Sta

9 to

307802

Tanks

81m 11.

p Sli

ET MARDY STRE

CLARE ROAD

Works

BM 7.85m

River Taff (Afon Taf)

7.3m

al Can

Tanks

Depot

tion Junc

34426

Silos

Tank

Spillers and Bakers

k Wal

Fountain

Car Park

Depot

ke Dra

Laboratory

El Sub Sta

4 to

Signal Box

7.0m

1 to 48 SM

7.3m

Garage

Monument

Bute Square Sgwar Bute

Mardy Court

11.6m

l am Ear ngh ni Cunourt C

Tank

Warehouse Fountain

1 to

Laundry

BM 7.79m

rt ou

7.3m

Warehouse Warehouse

Depot Tanks

PENDYRIS STREET

4 to

7.6m

S LA

Sub Sta

Bakery

A RF Y G HA W WIN L E NA LL CA OR T G ES A W NF A GL

1 to

PENA RTH

BM 6.58m

rk C Yo

Depot

S Gantry

El Sub Sta

7.0m

to 12

151

144

b tre Ara Cen ity mun

142

Y WA ING

EM LH HEO AD RO

Y WA ING

Shelter

126

138

Station

D OA

H OL HE

IN EM

AY GW

Atlantic Wharf Leisure Village

162

131

125 124

Cliff Court

116

TR EE

BU RT S

Ro ad 18

102

EE T ST R D EA RH PIE

BUTE CRESCENT CILGANT BUTE

100

13 14

Hotel Windsor (PH)

Pilotage House

Mermaid Quay 2

TCB

29 Sta

Bollard Bollard s

STREET

Bols

El Sub Sta

STREET

Su b

NEW GE

BUTETOWN

om e

Landsea

1 to 12

35 to 50

T ad Ro

el unn

01723s

Mount Stuart Graving Docks

34423

Chimney

9 10

Bol

Mount Stuart Graving Docks

11 12 B

Playing Field

oll a

5 6

23 24

7.0m

Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd 100017916 (2004).

Do ck

N A H

Tr av

Bollard

Bo lla

ST RE ET

FB G ra vin g

Playground

Bo rd s

Cn D

oc k

Cn 3

Bollards Cn Bo lla rd s

Cn 1

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright.

Coach Park VA N

Po sts

E AC PL OR AN ELE

COURT

1 2

TERRACE WINDSOR

H A

ANADE BUTE ESPL

01682.17s

29 30 25 26

Dolp

0.15

Dolph

0.3 Dolp hin

s rd lla Bo

Hamadryad Park ParcHamadryad

Dolphins

G ra vin g

3 Bol

7 1

31919

Pontoon

s rd

ma so nry

85376

41 42

Do ck

C ra

lla

ET DUDLEY STRE

7.9m

Track

Slo

45 46

Sloping masonry

llin g

G ra vi ng

DUDLEY

Tr a

Track

Gardens

Bol

Techniquest

Waverley Square

Royal Hamadryad Hospital

ORGE

TACOMA SQUARE STUART

Sewage Ppg Sta

Rive r Taff (Afon Taf)

STREET STUART

Location map of archaeological interests (Cardiff south)

Bollard

8.5m

ck Do

Slipway

PL AC E 1

HARR OW

g vin Gra

85377

LOUISA

L ST ROYA

HARR OWBY STRE ET

BY LA NE

93 92

Hospital

4 to

15 to 26

BUTETOWN

El Sub Sta Royal Hamadryad

LA CE

8.2m

HAMADRYAD ROAD

8.2m

Ramp RR OW BY P

Nu rsin gH

STUART

BM 9.03m

HAMADRYAD ROAD

s ilding n Bu Bosto Roya l St Wareh uart ouse s

OWBY

UART LANE

STRE

Doug las Works hops

OWBY HARR

HARR

LANE

15 to

ST RE ET

H BM UN 9.2 TER 5m

A D R O LE

REET

Walte rs Build ings

BURT STRE ET

D EN S

AN ST ST RE ET O Y M ER PO 47

A R

pw ay

HURM

mas onry ng

Sli 13

rt ou C

Colum Buildin gs

Tra ck ck

A VO N D A

Tra

Slo pi

rid ge

BM 9.24m

TE BU

Ba ib

T AN ILG T C

8.2m

RE ST

Dock Offices FB

n re la C

Y O ER ET M RE POST

23a

Bollard

Ramp

PLACE STUART

TE N U

Bollard

ESC CR

TE BU

JIM DRISCOLL WAY

R ST

Dock CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Offices

Lighting Towers

EET

Y O ER

8.3

E C EN R LA C

T EN

M B

g pin Slo

M K N

Bank

EET BUTE STR

E C A

Business Centre

A B

EET

PL 1

T EE

Bollards

EET

61 46

8.2m

el nn Tu ad Ro

8.2m

School

E STR ADELAID

C EN R LA C

Garage

RGE STR

Mountstuart Primary

NEW GEO

Club

Lighting Towers

Mermaid Quay

BUTETOWN House

31923

Mountstuart Primary School

Seatrade

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD) Garage

7.9m

ry on as m

PH ET RE ST

BUTE STR

8.5m

Posts

CE T EN EN AR M CL NK BA EM

ACE

g pin nry Slo aso m

ADELAIDE PLACE

Hall

C hu rc h

ute cle Ro

Recreation Ground

Post

PL A C

BURT PL

Works

PLA LOUISA

M B

R C

Car Park

8m 8.7

rt' be

on as

Wareh ouse

34425

13 2

St Cuthbert's School C LA R EN C E

Bank

K AN B

7.9m

Slo

14a North Butetown

El Sub Sta

uth

on Af ff ( Ta er

f) Ta

E NC RE

C St

Riv

14b

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

GRANGETOWN

LA C

19 ute Ro

T EN M

cle Cy

34 36 38

35 37 39

40 42 44

41 43 45

n w

46 48 50

47 49 51

52 54 56

E STREET ADELAID

rth No

te Bu

53 55 57

E AL ND O

g pin Slo

7.9m

El Sub Sta

e us

58 60 62

59 61 63

Ocean House o eh ar

64 66 68

65 67 69

70 72 74

71 73 75

Osprey House

BUTE PLACE

STREET

Avondale Court

Works

on as

7.6m

8.5m

Mud 50

BM 9.49m

TCB

St Clair

21 16

E AL ND

JAMES

JAMES STREET

8.8m

CLARENCE ROAD

Salvage Buildings

el eth st B pti h c Ba ur h C

O AV

Issues

H UT

PH 46 44

NS DE AR

7.9m

SP s

23 24 6 0

23 24 8 2

3m 8.4

48 50

PH 68

Street George

39 BM

Police Station

GVC

El Sub Sta Ps

23 2

13 14 69

Mount Stuart House

H IS 91

70 19

91445

90 89

107

21 8 2

RN O

(MOT)

100

2 2

C CL OS 38

Mercantile Marine Office

LB 13

28 29

Baltic House

11 13

TCB 46

ildings Cory's Bu 57

Posts MOUNT STUART SQUARE

Arcade

Post

8.5m

Custom House

7.9m 1 to 32

112

Club

Clarence Road Bridge

PH Dowlais

7.6m 12

8.2m Bollard

CL O

2 11 1

A ND VO

77 RL E

masonry

T EN

Sloping mason ry

21 21 2 6

22 8 23 2

23 23 0 4

Slo pin

Tu nn el

Bay Chambe rs

ROAD

Fountain

113

Theatre

111

The Point Cardiff Exchange 1 to 3

10 9

6 5

Bank Bank

21 21 4 8

22 22 0 4

20 20 4 8

20 6 21 0

m BM 7.85

Bank

6.7m UART SQUA RE

Bollard

CLA REN

TCB

00899s/85375

BUTE

MOUN T ST

24 24 4 8

8.5m

Cambrian Buildings

Beynon House

ks La Doc

SHIP LANE

54 to

C ES

130

UARE

STRYD

Cycle Track and

DU M

1 to 28

91444

MOUN T ST UART SQ

Cymric Buildings

Empir e Hous e

bers Dock Cham

BA LLS R

Path

OA D

7.9m

Taff River Taf) (Afon

GRANGETOWN

26 26 0 4

126

37 36

35 34

19 19 0 4 19 20 6 0

33 Post s

Bank

24 6 25 0

Cit SA ad el

8.2m

BM 7.1 7m

4 18

18 19 8 2

18 6

26 26 2 6

25 25 2 6

23 3

Shelter

EET BUTE STR

22 22 2 6

19 8 20 2

Shelter

FF TE RR A

54b

Eb en Go eze sp r el Ha ll

WEST

54a

El Sub Sta

25 4 25 8

8.4 8m

El Sub Sta

7.9m OSE

k Trac

22 3 BM

AD RO AY GW AY MIN GW HE IN M HE OL HE

29 30 8 2

ME NT

26 27 8 2

Garage

El Sub Sta

129

unity Comm e Centr

29 6 30 0 EM BA

WIN RLLE Y GO

Works

27 28 6 0

CLOS

use Wareho

278 28 2

28 29 4 0

30 30 4 8

7.9m

CLOS

ES T

28 29 6 2

27 0 27 4

a Tr

30 31 6 0

19 9

28 29 8 4

31 2 31 6

7.6m 13

32 0 32 4

31 4 31 8

32 2 32 6

RO AD

on Ground Recreati

18 7

RD AL E

STREET

17 6 18 0

17 8 18 2

Hosking Industrial Estate Posts

LLEW YGOR

WEST BUTE

EE T ST R

1 15 0 15 2

CO RP OR AT IO

Outfall

CLOS

Court

ER C AB

Posts 3

MO O

E CLOS WEST

d ford heif allery G el R Ori lway Rai

YN O

174

LB 16

to 133

141

35 41 31 37 43

33 39

Bute Road

YR WA ING EM

T ST RE E

YS TR AD

150 152

Shelter

15 1

WAY

m 8.49 BM

14 9

7.6m

BUTETOWN

k Wal

t mon

Bel

03709s

Works

32 1 to ouse H rio Fo

E NU VE EA RG EO GE DG OR OY LL GE YD LLO FA OD RH

T EE

Taf)

BA NK MEN T

STR CE ALI

ag ar G

Rive r Ta ff (A fon

13 9

JIM DRISCOLL

W ER ON HO SC

12 18

2 10

70 78 6

12 1 to ouse H ori Min

Com

Islamic Culture Centre

CARDIFF (CAERDDYD) HEM

31776

Works

32 se Hou

tre e Cen tur Cul

mic

2 8 14

BUTETOWN Isla

Depot

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

BUTETOWN

ET STRE

Hannah Street Church

Scrap Yard

CARDIFF (CAERDYDD)

Y NR HE T EE STR

Warehouse

1 to

63 71

Works

N HAN

Works

alfi Am

r elte Sh

Tra v

ck Lo

s ate G

lla rd

k oc

s ate G Dolp

kilometres

Dolph

hin

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Appendix 3: Archaeological interests in Cardiff PRN

NAME

00106s

14 High Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18177638

Medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A network of old walls and foundations were uncovered during alterations to 14 High Street. Among them was a walled pit about 1.5m square 4.27m deep, containing early green and brown glazed pottery, early stoneware Delft, some fragments of glass, old spirit bottles, and tobacco pipes.

PRN

NAME

00107s

Cardiff Lloyds Bank

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18107640

Roman

Settlement

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Traces of early Roman habitation were revealed during the building of Lloyds Bank, High Street, in 1892. Samian sherds, including the stamp OFPRIM; sherds of buff, black and grey coarsewares; 2 bronze coins of Trajan (98AD-117AD) and a bronze cup were discovered. The Roman fort at Cardiff would appear to have been evacuated by the mid 2nd century andthereafter to have fallen into decay. Meanwhile, a small civil settlement had apparently grown up outside its defences to the south (located on the site of modern High Street, the artefactual evidence for which, is noted above). How long the civil settlement continued to flourish is uncertain (Nash-Williams 1954, 94-95).

155

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00110s

Cooking Pot

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18337636

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION In the NMW is a medieval cooking pot of clumsy shape, with an out-turned rim and sagging base, found on the site of the Free Library, Trinity Street (Merrick 1983, 94-95).

PRN

NAME

00112s

Pitcher

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18327628

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION In the NMW is a green glazed earthenware pitcher, possibly C13th with a sagging base and barred spout. The ornament consists of stylised human figures, with masks on the rim. It was found in Wharton Street, Cardiff.

156

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00113s

Blunch Gate

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18087631

Post-medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A slip or quay on the River Taff in the town Cardiff (1666). A place near the old quay (1748, 1770), it was also called Blunch Gate, Blunts Gate or Blounts Gate. The quay was around 36.5m to 46min length with a draught of 3.5m at high tide. The slip was a source of great expense to the town and in 1552 it was stated that it had been rebuilt three times in the previous twenty years and needed constant upkeep. The Quay called the Blunch or Blunt Gate was ordered to be taken out i.e. demolished in 1875, the place name occurs in 1843. The earliest occurrence of the name in a known record is Blounts Gate in a Ministers account of 1542. During the cutting of a series of holes for supports for a multi-storey car park on the site in 1973-74, three fragments of walling were discovered. One, measuring 1.2m wide at the base, and surviving up to a height of 3.57m, appears to be the remains of the Medieval Town Quay (Webster 1977, 88-115).

PRN

NAME

00117s

St Marys Church

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18307595

Medieval

Church

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The small bridge of masonry close to Cardiff Castle by which West Street was carried across the Mill Leat or Tan River.

157

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00121s

St. Piran's Chapel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18207644

Medieval

Chapel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The passageway leading from Duke Street to Crown Court is said to be on the line of Shoemakers Street. The symbol on the attached tracing (ST 1820 7644) indicating the position of St Pirans Chapel is probably accurate to within 46m (Cleary 1957, In. Lit.).

PRN

NAME

00140s

Bronze Axe

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST1876

Bronze Age

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A bronze socketed axe, which was found under St Mary St., Cardiff, while excavating trench for a sewer. The axe is 10cms in length, has three ribs on each face and a heavy moulding at the top.

158

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00141s

Pitcher

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18137640

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Intact

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A green glazed pitcher from High Street, it has a square angular rim, cut away behind the bridge spout; with a zonal arrangement of decoration in formal lines. This, together with the carinated body, suggests the influence of metal work, a feature considered by G.C. Dunning to be characteristic of the 14th century. Alternatively, elaboration of design and decoration in glazed wares occurs in S. Wales at an early date, and the pot may date to the late 13th century.

PRN

NAME

00143s

Benedictine Priory

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18317597

Medieval

Priory

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION Founded c1100-2, it was established for five monks of Tewkesbury and was destroyed by Owain Glyndwr in 1403. Although the monks had been recalled to Tewkesbury in 1221, due to disturbances in Wales, and the priory was then leased out (Knowles and Hadcock 1953, 62). The earliest of the grants to Tewkesbury Abbey about 1100 A.D. seem to indicate that the priory of Cardiff was already established by the opening of the twelfth century, and that monks of that abbey were in residence there. Nevertheless, there is no record which actually affirms the existence of a priory there until 1221 A.D., when the Tewkesbury annalist says, "Our priory of Cardiff, the monks having been withdrawn, is let to farm . . .". The priory could at no time have been other than a small community, to supervise the Abbey property in the neighbourhood and to attract further grants, No further reference to the monks occurs, but the office of Prior continued to exist throughout the thirteenth century. Near the burial ground of St. Mary within the town walls, was the Great Close of the prior, presenting frontages and building sites, probably to St. Marys St. In 1450, of the nine tenements built on the Close, almost all were in a bad state of repair. The tithe barn of the priory was also in decay.

159

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00810s

Olivers Shoe Shop Excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST182764

Medieval

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION Demolition of the shop revealed an area of undisturbed ground measuring 2m long and 0.5m wide. The area was revealed after the removal of a cellar wall. 15 distinct layers were visible in section, to a depth of 1.7m, 12 of which produced medieval pottery. It is believed to represent a gradual accumulation between the 12th and 15th centuries. The form of the feature is unknown, as no edges survive, but is likely to be a large, man-made depression, pit or ditch (Wrathmell 1976, 39).

PRN

NAME

00861s

Little Steel Mill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18457603

Post-medieval

Steam mill

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The Little steam mill built in 1858. It was sited halfway up the north side of mill lane and ordered to be demolished in 1863.

160

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00864s

Lesser Quay

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18237628

Medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The golyate or lesser quay was situated on the west side of the present Golate Street. It was only twenty yards in length.

PRN

NAME

00865s

25 Womanby Street Excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18107640

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION Modern Womanby St of which the medieval form was Hundemanby Norse byre. No evidence of any Norse, or early Roman settlements were discovered. There was little activity in the area prior to 12th/13th century. The earliest activity relates to a large square pit, into which a small gully drained. There is substantial medieval activity, apparently relating to the occupation of High Street, rather than Womanby Street. Wall construction began in 13th-15th centuries and an unfinished well shaft was dug in the early post-medieval period. It was filled with debris from a mortared building, including many fragments of decorated medieval floor tile (Webster 1980).

161

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00895s

Sea-Pound Wharf Warehouses

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18487570

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Probably early 19th century, rubble stone structures.

PRN

NAME

00899s/85375

Sea-Pound Crane

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18837468

Post-medieval

Crane

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The cast iron base of the former quayside crane still stands on a rectangular masonry plinth.

162

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00901s

Custom House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18487592

Post-medieval

Custom house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION An ornate building, possibly dating from 1798 with 19th century additions.

PRN

NAME

00906s

Quay Street Excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST181763

Not applicable

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Excavations in 1973-4, revealed a multi-period occupation sequence: Roman occupation was identified nearby, but not in the immediate vicinity. It was determined to be open ground in the mid thirteenth to fourteenth century, maybe behind buildings of the medieval quay, used for rubbish burial. In the fourteenth to fifteenth century. a timber framed house was built over the rubbish pits (Webster 1977, 88-115).

163

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01514s

Roman pottery

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST180763

Roman

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION Fragments of Roman pottery were found during excavations in the yard of 25 Womanby Street, within the walls of the medieval town. There were a number of pits containing late twelfth and thirteenth century material, which was disturbed by nineteenth century building operations (Webster J and Webster P 1972, 29).

PRN

NAME

01559s

19-20 Working Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18387637

Medieval

Well

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION 12-fourteenth century pits dug through garden humus. They revealed a 12th Century well, stone foundations over the pits, probably with timber superstructures. The site is now St Davids Hall (Webster L E and Cherry J 1979, 269).

164

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01665s

Medieval Tile and pottery

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18127641

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION Medieval tiles and fragments of medieval pottery, e.g. earthenware jug ,found on the site of the new Lloyds Bank (Mesner 1995).

PRN

NAME

01682.17s

Sea Lock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18687430

Post-medieval

Canal lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The entrance to the second floating-dock in South Wales, built by Patrick Copeland in 1796,opened in 1798 and repaired in C19th. The mouth of the sea lock to the former Glamorganshire canal dock basin is faced partly on the NW and SE sides by large blocks of granite, interspersed on the se side with much smaller blocks of limestone in shallower courses, with concrete facing on both sides towards rebate of sea-lock gate and on replacement wall at entrance to former sea lock. Rebate of sea lock retains timber posts. The northwest side of the mouth to the lock, a flight of stone steps descends in the thickness of the wall; iron mooring ring is present on the north side of the staircase. Iron bollards are visible on the decking at the top of the retaining wall, four on the northwest side and one on the southeast side. The former lock and basin have been filled in but the granite coping slabs to the lock are visible (Hadfield 1960).

165

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01723s

Bronze Axe

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST1876

Bronze Age

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Find

FULL DESCRIPTION A bronze flanged axe with hammered flange and slight cross bar. Is said to have been dug out of one of the banks of Cardiff Castle and presented to Gillingham Museum, Kent in 1937 (Savory 1980, 101).

PRN

NAME

01817s

Fulling Mill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST1876

Medieval

Fulling mill

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION Cardiff has a long association with the wool industry. In the early 12th century its burgesses were free of suit ad pannos fullendos vel tingendos; a dyer was a burgess of the town in the later 13th century; and from 1327 to 1333 Cardiff was a staple port for Welsh wool export. However there seem to have been only grain-mills in the town in the 14th century. The first proof of mechanised fulling is in 1492, when there is a mention of a 'new' fulling mill within the liberties of the borough, leased, along with two parcels of land called 'Lyttleham', to Ieuan ap Thomas.

166

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02146s

Bute Road railway bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST186757

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Probably constructed in 1839-1840 when the Bute West dock and Taff Vale railway to Dock Station were built and opened in successive years. It formerly carried the Taff Vale Railway over the spur to the Glamorganshire Canal leading into Bute West dock. The canal is filled in and the arches blocked, but the railway bridge and embankment remain in use to Bute Road Station.

PRN

NAME

02208s

National Stadium

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18007615

Post-medieval

Stadium

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION 40 boreholes were sunk during the construction of the National Stadium, and the majority revealed the expected stratigraphic sequence i.e. made ground, alluvial clays, alluvial gravels and mudstone. However, within two of the boreholes, (BH11 and BH32) wood was encountered at c.4m below the present ground surface. There are a number of explanations for this, they could be archaeological deposits, possibly in the form of a riverside occupation dating to the Bronze Age or earlier, or possibly waterborne deposits i.e. drift wood, contained within the palaeochannel. Alternatively, they could be the remnants of floodplain woodland that has been overwhelmed by high-energy fluvial regimes, leading toa reduction in the thresholds at which the river is able to rework its floodplain. A fourth explanation is that the well documented rise in sea levels/base levels occurring c.3000 Bp (uncal.) would have resulted in the gradual flooding (polutification) of the floodplain margins, resulting in the progressive destruction of floodplain woodland habitat's, of which the discovered samples are the remnants (Williams 1996, 9-10).

167

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02736s

Glamorgan Canal and sea lock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST188750

Post-medieval

Canal lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not Known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The site of the Glamorgan Canal and sea lock (OS 1st ed) (Locock 1997).

PRN

NAME

02737s

Hospital ship

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST185743

Post-medieval

Hospital ship

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Ship

FULL DESCRIPTION The 'Hamadryad' hospital ship (Locock 1997).

168

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03709s

Butetown Cannon Ball

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18807490

Post-medieval

Cannon Ball

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Find

FULL DESCRIPTION A French cannon ball dating to 1790 was discovered during the clearing of a canal, ready for a housing development in Cardiff Bay. The ball measures c. 2.8m and is marked with the words 'Egalite - Liberte'. It is now used as a bollard (Lodwick Pers. Comm.).

PRN

NAME

31776

Custom House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18437592

Post-medieval

Customs House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A two-storey Italianate-style building, dating to 1798, on a corner site overlooking the now filled-in Glamorganshire Canal (34425). Extended or rebuilt 1845.

169

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

31919

Royal Stuart Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18847455

Post-medieval

Warehouse

STATUS

FORM

None

Documents

CONDITION Not known

FULL DESCRIPTION A red brick warehouse built in 1899 by Edgar Down, now converted to offices.

PRN

NAME

31923

West Canal Wharf, Jacobs + Co

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18447573

Post-medieval

Public Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A late 18th century to mid 19th century building. 2 storeys tall, stuccoed and with a slate gabled roof.

170

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34423

Blunch Gate walling

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18087631

Post-medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Wall

FULL DESCRIPTION Three fragments of walling were found in 1973-4, and were identified as remains of the medieval town quay wall. It was probably extant until 1849-53, when the River Taff was diverted to its present course.

PRN

NAME

34425

Glamorganshire Canal

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18687429

Post-medieval

Canal

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Canal

FULL DESCRIPTION The Glamorganshire canal.

171

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34426

Mooring Bollard

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18877472

Post-medieval

Dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Bollard

FULL DESCRIPTION A cast iron mooring bollard adjacent to the former sea-lock pound on the Glamorganshire Canal (NPRN 34425).

PRN

NAME

80401

Sea Lock No.51

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18687429

Post-medieval

Lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Lock

FULL DESCRIPTION The lock dates from 1798, and is built of finely jointed ashlar stone blocks. Later nineteenth and twentieth century repairs are evident.

172

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

85374

Canal Swing Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18837460

Post medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION No remains of the former steel lattice girder are visible.

PRN

NAME

85376

Sea Pound Lock; New Lock No. 51

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18557557

Post-medieval

Lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Lock

FULL DESCRIPTION There are no visible remains.

173

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

85377

Williams Warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18477570

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Warehouse belonging to T.G. Williams & Co., builders merchants and ironmongers, on the former west canal wharf; William wharf was the upper limit of navigation for sea-going vessels. The building is a twelve bay, rubble-built structure. It consists of a single storey.

PRN

NAME

85379

Victoria Bridge, The Hayes

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18467613

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION Also known as Hayes Bridge; it is a stone arched bridge carrying the south end of the Hayes over the Glamorganshire Canal (34425); the towing path was on the east side of the canal.

174

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

85400

Customhouse Bridge, Cardiff

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18407593

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION A cambered cast iron beam bridge with decorative iron lattice parapet carries Customhouse Street over the Glamorganshire Canal (34425). It is now buried under later roads, but was visible during road works at time of visit.

PRN

NAME

85401

Warehouse, Charlotte Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18437598

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A three-storey rubble-built warehouse under a pitched roof that formerly stood on the east bank of the Glamorganshire Canal (34425) about 40m to the north of Customhouse Bridge (85400). There was also a small raised section of bank in front of the warehouse.

175

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

91431

New Sea Lock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18797447

Post-medieval

Lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Lock

FULL DESCRIPTION A pair of leaves forming one gate across the canal. The site is now grassed over as a leisure park.

PRN

NAME

91434

Sea Lock House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18717434

Post-medieval

Dwelling

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The Harbourmaster's house. It is a two storey building of rendered rubble with arched headed windows; main doorway surmounted by oval window with arched moulded pediment over on two pilasters flanking the door.

176

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

91444

West Junction Canal

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18537570

Post-medieval

Canal

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Canal

FULL DESCRIPTION A short canal built to connect Glamorganshire Canal (34425) with West Bute Dock (34257).

PRN

NAME

91445

Canal bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18437587

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not Known

None

Bridge

FULL DESCRIPTION A riveted steel plate bridge carrying the Great Western south Wales main line to the east of Cardiff Central Station over the Glamorganshire Canal (34425). The bridge has been widened on the north side and is supported on stone piers on the south side.

177

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

91475

Glamorganshire Canal Railway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18677430

Post-medieval

Railway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Railway

FULL DESCRIPTION The Glamorganshire Canal Companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s railway. It was authorised in 1882 to connect industrial premises around the sea lock and basin with the GWR's Clarence Road Branch. It is around three miles long.

PRN

NAME

307774

Cardiff Medieval Town Defences

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18007600

Medieval

Town Defences

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Walls

FULL DESCRIPTION Town defences are first mentioned in 1184, and are recorded as including a stone wall in 1349. They were reported as being substantially intact in 1578 and appear to have been demolished in the late eighteenth century.

178

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

307802

Terminus Hotel / Sam's Bar

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18397599

Post-medieval

Public House

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval Public house, adjacent to the original junction of Glamorganshire Canal and River Taff.

PRN

NAME

273754

Wreck of the 'Independent'

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

ST18007600

Post-medieval

Wreck

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Wreck

FULL DESCRIPTION A brig, of wood construction, and registered in Dunkirk, France, carrying coal. Its dimensions are unknown, although the vessel was not armed. It was travelling from Cardiff to unknown destination.

179

99m 11.

120 UE

4 to 6

72 73

AVEN

39.6m 75

BM 40.12m

NE LA RR IS M O 61

59 57

51 St a

24.7m 31

2 21

way

20 18 19

urt

ty Co

LA NE

Cha mbe rs ality

QUAY PAR ADE

ious Sal ubr

Clu b

Met ropo Cham le bers

Club

PLAC E IOUS SALU BR

STREET

ADEL

PLAC E

3 5

Glou ce Cham ster bers

PLAC E

AIDE

York Place Bapti st Chap el

OWS

se th Hou mou Mon p Ram

Superstore

1 to

vers Wea

A RO

20 INKERMAN STREET

13a 14

Works

18 MIERS STREET

16 1 to

PINKN EY STR EET

3 6. BM

46m

se k Hou Cor

1 to

Leisure Centre Dylan Thomas Theatre

Bollard

36 se Hou

Post

nh Man

ACE

Post

02351w

Car Park

6.1m

eim

W etts Pock

y Qua

e Hous

er cest Glou

CEST ER PL

harf

TCB

Pont

oon SM

Cn Bollards

GLOU

OU RM TE YS

STREET

04641w

STER

Posts

Club

Bollard

GLOU CE

Pres by

vid' Chur s Prio ry ch

1 to

11 a 1b 11 1

11 to

802

1 to

BURR

El Sub Sta

ET ST RE M

cip

AR Y

53 54

42a

61 59

51 52

ST DA VID'S PLAC E

21 to

QU AY

15 10

PA RA DE

e Lan

Ca st le

5 6

Coun

GR EE N DR AG ON

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Pas sag

FERR Y SI DE

39 35 to

Sub

8 9

Prin

Hotel

Superstore

15 12

9 8

St Da

35 37

34 36

4 to 11

THOMA

Shelte

12 to 20

e us ho

e ar W

Bollard

7.0m

TCBs

Chy

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nor

IN EN BR

Rad

rd lla

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Slipway

12 1 to 23 tose 14 Hou

E AC

Car Park ER T

on as m

03122w

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AL B

7.0m

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Atlantic Buildings

Hou

ds llar Bo

Car Park

con Bre

33 to 37

24 31

23 to 29

AD S RO

Govt Bldg

El Sub Sta

17 to 21

12 1 toto 23 14

Queen's Buildings

13a 15

5 m 7.28 N PL BM IA BR CAM

on Albi gs in Build

02366w

AC E

9 to 13

Multistorey Car Park

Oldway House

12 1 lytoRooms

emb Ass

12 1 toto 20 14

1 to 30

CAM BRIA N PL

(museum)

RR BU EAST 55m 7. BM

Royal Institution

02346w

ge an ch gs Ex din il Bu

Exchange Buildings

use

273925

JERN

AD RO

Multistorey Car Park N TO ING LL ET RE WE ST

Works

RIA TO

e brok Pem ings Build

Llys Dewi Sant

00836w34813 VIC

Exchange Court

ET STRE

Posts lti Mu r Pk Ca

00954w

6.7m Posts

1 to

n Ho bria Cam

AS M O TH

Flats 1 to 11 Burrows Chambers

2 to 7 33

PIER STREET

LLYS

e ad Arc

rk rs Yo be am El Ch Sub Sta

YORK STRE ET

St David's Square

24 26

23 25

1a PIER STREET

e brok Pem ace Pl

ns ee Qu

8.4m

04635w

00453w

Pumping Station

Car Park

St David's Shopping Centre

Midla

HIGH STRE ET (STR YD FAWR)

21 19

nd Co1 to 11 urt

3 5

24 22 23

ORCH ARD STREE T

S ARD' RICH

34283

00454w

L EO

6.7m SOMERSET PLACE

6.4m

East Burrows Wharf

Prospect Place

SOMERSET PLACE

00439w

BM 6.66m

BM 7.25m

Bollard

03329w

G'S KIN

Su bw ay

02775w

Car Park

5.6m

El Sub Sta

03111w

rd lla

BATH LANE

Slo

Stores

LANE

e us

Royal

Buildings

Statue

BATH

Prince of Wales Dock

6.4m

Posts

Car Park

ST EN RD GA

s re

ork

PH 22

6.8m

Sto

Bollard

04634w 00436w AY W

o sH es nc 1 6 Pri 14

are Squ y's Mar

18 19

TCB s

REET

01351w a 18

SS CE IN PR

Y'S AR

WIN D ST

Bollards

urch

8.24 m

y's Ch

St Mar

PH 17

QUAY PARADE

rs elte

Gate

16 to

Stores

Warehouse

se ou eh ar

Lych

TCBs

12 11

Depot

Prince of Wales Dock Bol

PH 10

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

Superstore

Works

00457w PH

ON)

Hopper

04638w 01201w 02022w

21 to 28

6 1

LS WAL

00955w

STR AN D

1 to

TE WHI M

04643w 04642w

5.5m

8.3m

(HEOL LANGD

El Sub Sta

Conveyor

Works

29 to 36

2 2

Tank

37 to 44

6 4

RE UA SQ

4 6

29 27 to

PLACE

Cour t ity

RO AD Trin

12 14

11 PH 10

BM 9.92m

Bol

Superstore

01852w 1

Bank

8.48

Depot

LANGDON ROAD

Hoppers

Quadrant Centre

13 11 5

43 45

Bol

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE) 2

Shelter

Y'S AR

El Sub Sta

7.9m

El Sub Sta Quay West

6.49

) IN EN BR

04637w

AR QU

LS WAL

Bank

Clu

4 to

7.9m

STL CA

WHI

00425w TCBs

REE ST

31897 330 05133w

04645w 01073.0w

11.3m

AER

El Sub Sta

ad Arc y's Mar St

Timber Yard

34871

Telephone Exchange

00426w/GM012

EO (H

5.8m

Pond

Market

AD RO

Castle Gardens

02562w

G'S KIN

01946w 04810w

6.7

TCBs

Bank

(Stry

Well

8.8m

TCBs

ET STRE HEN) FORD YDYC RH YD

reet rd St Oxfo

Bol

eet d Str hen) for yc yd Rh

Pond

n) yche Rhyd

7.3m

Bol

274144

ET STRE

263

ryd (St

34873

02768w 00458w

ILEY LE BA CAST

270 to 272 267 266

00438w/GM441

9 TCBs

9.4m

275

273

m 10.20

10.4m

02846.0w

8.2m

Bol

14.6m reet

Bank

270 to 272

FABIAN WAY

Posts

Foot Bridge

le St Temp

Shelter

Post

Tank

37 38

Way ess Princ

49a

15.2m

02866.0w

Hall

(PH)

Sjomanns Kirken

36 Sta

The Cape Horner

Posts

32 to

Car Park

El Sub

10.0m

Shelter

El Sub Sta STER PLACE WORCE

Car Park

29 30 31

Station

Church

7.9m

7.0m

00423w

Monitoring

El Sub Sta

04609w

1m .7

ET CASTLE STRE

Air Quality

7.6m

AC PL

PH PH

Car Park

Playground

Library D RA PA AY QU

Car Park

00959w

New Cut Bridge

Cinema

24 25 25b

TCBs

39 39a

14.0m

Bol Memorial

03828w/34872

t College Stree

397

AY SW ING EK DD ) OR (FF ENIM R YB

04811w

WELCOME LANE

TCB's

13.1m

1 to 7 ay Su

13.4m

Subway

way

03003w

El Sub Sta

18.5m

Sub

Hotel

El Sub Sta

6.7m

Bol

21a

DELHI STREET

2 W

239 to 242

4 BE LL E

34270

STRAND ROW

Bank

STRAND

12 El Sub Sta

Offices

Unitarian Church

Shelter

237

El Sub Sta

BM 9.91m

TCBs

Car Park

Club

awe) fon T e (A Cut) (New

Government 91

Bol

Hostel

Convent

8.8m

Shelter

r Taw

Parc Tawe

234

00450w

02004w

Shelter

48 48a 48b

(PH)

El Sub Sta

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

ALEX ANDR A

Windsor Arms

Rive

Multistorey Car Park

St Thomas

Works TCB

Car Park

14.6m

(PH)

7.0m

1 to 4 George Powell Hous

20.7m

Shelter

The Ship Inn

WAY

Y DWYRAIN)

Tawe Bridge

T ROAD

to 3

02770w

EAST BANK

El Sub Sta

SOU TH PRO SPE CT

NEW CU

ACE

Bol

7.3m

228

TRINI TY PL

LANE

226a

227

36 (Clinic)

TRIN PLACITY E

TCB

KINGS

GLAN (FFORDD

1 to

Orchard Centre

16.2m

225 226

Trinity Buildings

15.2m

224

Centre

9.4m

Stree t

King

Gospel Hall

33a 34

PLEASANT STREET

STREET

Health

BM 19.43m

7 9

Posts

PLEASANT

18.3m

27 27a

8 10

MACKWORTH TERRACE

BALACLAVA STREE

29 to 43

Su b

R DR A LE XA N A

47 48

45 44 46 45 46

O A

SM W RO

LL FU

G ly Ar nn t G Viv all ia er n y

11 15

20.7m 33

RO W

1 2 Roseland Terrace

16.1m BM 22.95m

34 32

18 .6 1m

NE LA

55 IS

Posts

32 to

B M

6 13

1 BM 18.24m RR MO

urt

Car Park

21 23

19 20 22

Parc Tawe North

14 18

sh Bu

D INEA ROA

00424w

24 to

13 17 12 16

IFT

25.6m

VICARAG E TERRAC E

Ivy

301714

28 to

Car Park

217

00958w

215 216

PENTREGU

Police Station

Public Library and College of Art

Su b Sta

7.0m

PL A CE

1 TE RR

212

1 to 28

Path

16.8m

Mackw ort Courth

ROAD

9.8m 74

B EN TH AL

TCB

18.3m

21 PARK

Track

209a

Place

BBC Studio

2 KIL VE Y

209 209a

Oldway Centre

210

Clifton

Art

68a

Glynn

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE) PH

Industrial Centre

Vivian

TCBs

207

1 to 34 The Foyer

206

Institute

Parc Tawe Fire Station

AD RO

CUT

18.6m

R EE T

NEW

21 30 568

204

ER S

Cottage

QUARRY

GREN FELL

Benthall

43.0m

bl Ga ll

Midland Cottage

Vic ara

VU E

ELMHURST

ET ST RE IN DR

63 64

Track

39 to 44

ET NEW STRE

Orchard Court

39.

Path (um)

Burial Ground

200 199 20 1

Alexandra House

13.1m

197

Bollards

04651w Depot

ND RA

BM 7.53m

VE Y E AC RR TE

9 28 46 64

IVEY PLACE

Hotel

AN EX AL

43 .90 m

KIL 18.9m

51.8m

68 59 60

17 to 24

6a 6

25 to 32

11 29 10 47 66 65

STREET

TERRACE

Multistorey Car Park

AD RO

St Thomas Schools BM

33 to 38

38.1m

18.9m

RO AD

1 ST RA ND

VILL E

9 to 16

JONES

New Cut

ARD

sts

Chy

Station

04611w

Car Park

01046.38w

High Street

VIE

TCB's

BM 8.30m

19.8m

41 42

MARINER STREET

39 m

.66

BA Y

37 39

T CU

Tra

1 to 8

W NE

NEW ORCH

E BM

19 37 55 74

Sub Sta

Gallery

CRESCENT

42 RA C

21 31

1 to 3

TE R

NT CE

IL L

W IN

ES CR NT MO AU

1 to 12

20.1m

74a to 78

25 35

8.8m

EBENEZER STREET

TERRACE

ROAD GUINEA PENTRE

PLEASANT VIEW

Dinas Fechan

BM 20.59m

58.2m

180

Station Court

21.0m

GRAIG ST

53.0m

LYDF ORD

40 15

04648w

Government Offices

10 to 12 14 15 16

AIG

Ebenezer Church

22.9m

BE LL E

(Afon Tawe)

River Tawe

SWANSEA (ABERTAWE)

85 Shelters

7 to 9

00452w

26.5 m

9.3 5m

87 86

SWAN STREET

HIGH STREET (STRYD FAWR)

34239

Subway

4 to 6 St Matthews Court

Temple

Tank

41.7m

1 to 3 The City

11 113

a b St

OY NR GL E 22

120 61

16 10

1 to 8

30 40

UE AVEN

04647w El Sub Sta

BM 31.21m

2 to 3

60.9m

PLACE

1 to 12 14 to 30

TONTINE STREET

ST ELM

GRAIG

Car Park

TCB

Ty Bryn Glas

2 to

AV EN U

th Pa

Works

Government Offices

POWELL STREET

St Matthew's

42.4m

6 to

Subw

Tank

Lord Nelson House

171 to 179

Car Park

1 to

El Su

RO AD Row

04779.0w

y Subwa DW

El Sub Sta BM 14.41m

Church

ROW

105

PRIN

MO RFA ns

JOCKEY STREET

Surgery

25.0m

Llys John Davies

57.9m

RA C

CROFT

rd lla

WALES ROAD

37PO

TE R 39

CE OF

rge

21.6m

BM 21.43m

JOHN STREET

El Sub Sta

Canoldre

33.8m

31 41

Bethesda Court

161 to 169

EVANS TERRACE

STREET

GRAIG TERRACE

9 to 43

El Sub Sta

Depot

Club

Youth Club

00429w

BM 59.61m

Bollard SP

AD T RO

House

Friendship

1 to 16

CU NEW

MATTHEW STREET

Playground

46.60m

60.3m

BETHESDA STREET

s Court Tom William

DYFATTY

Garage

STRE ET

21.6m

Garage

Issues MAESTE G

BM 22.35m

Bowling Green

55.4m

04644w

Chapel

10 to

32.0m

33.8m

BM 8.94m

Baptist

Bethesda

17 to 26

1 to 12 14 to 30

AD 26.2m

Home)

(Residential

Elephant Street

The Willows

42 HAFO D ST REET

LE O XH FO

19 RO AD

VIE

115 64 to

rd lla

Corporation Yard

Depot

1 to 60

PCB

24.7m

Dyfatty Park

JE RIC

Playground

Issues

Shelter

146

rtin sR

10.7m

a St

TCB

D OA YR

SE A

Ysgol Crug Glas

Canaan Terrace

VE KIL

Garage

145

143 144

Depot Su

THOMAS ROW

142

m .01

1 10

4 7

BM 26.73m RO C

5 6 11

STREET

A RO

L HIL

H RT NO

40 141141 b a b

Bollard Bollards

Car Park Posts

eum Mus

exe Ann

6.7m

Bollards

Posts

Lock

Car Park

Tawe Basin

Statue

tre ea

lla rd

Slo

48 to

17 to

ha rf

t HQ

Salmon Leap

ke mar Fish

ay t Qu

703 Sea Scout HQ

2 to

10 to 6

2 7

1 ard Boll

Abernethy Quay

5 to

oon Pont

ay ia Qu

Bollard

Quay

kil

or Vict

ou se

Car Park

urt

ot H

ards Boll

Co York

03112w

oon Pont

1 to

1 to 1 to

Pil

1 to

14 to 7 to

Sta

Marina

Bollard

way Sub

El Sub

1 to

14 to

oon Pont

as chol St Ni

Quay

South Dock

oon Pont

Boat Yard

Quay

uare y Sq neth Aber

thy

y neth

36 to 43

oon

y neth

Pont

Posts

ne Aber

20 to

0.3

Quay

Aber

urt re Co Squi

02185w 02367w

y Qua

28 to 35

QUAY ORIA VICT

se phou Pum

19 to

0.15 Posts

um Muse

Swing Bridge

Bollard

7.12m

urt or Co Anch

m useu al M

Posts

Car

stri Indu and

b Sta

Park

Pump

Dylan Thomas Square

6 to

ith

time Mari way Sub

Car Park

4.9m

ph Am

ay e Qu hous

Aber

TCB

18 to

El Sub Sta

R LER AW

OAD

lard Bol

Location map of archaeological interests (Swansea)

Pontoon

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

Appendix 4: Archaeological interests in Swansea PRN

NAME

00423w

Roman coins

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65639310

Roman

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION In 1871, four coins, representing 305-337 AD were found together at 9 Castle Bailey Street, which extends between College Street to Temple Street.

PRN

NAME

00424w

Roman cooking pot

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS658934

Roman

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A sherd of a Roman cooking pot found two meters below the surface in a peat layer. Identified as grey-black ware, and dated to the second century or later. The pottery was found in association with animal remains (Rutter 1948, 75).

180

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00425w

Plas House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65649306

Medieval

Manor house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A manor house of 'Elizabethan character' with a highly unusual octagonal tower. There is no record of its first construction, although the greater part was erected (or rebuilt) by Sir Matthew Craddock. His arms, with those of the Herberts and the Earl of Worcester appeared over the main gateway. This gateway was destroyed during the construction of Temple Street, although the rest was pulled down in 1840, with most of the material being used at Singleton Farm. It is unlikely that the house was occupied after 1736 and was used as a barn and stable in 1840 (Morgan 1899, 127-130)

PRN

NAME

00426w/GM012

Swansea New Castle

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65719306

Medieval

Castle

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

SAM Gm 12

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Surviving and impressive stonework remains seen at Castle Bailey Street are the ruins of the New Swansea Castle, dating to the late thirteenth to early fourteenth century. An archaeological testament to the Welsh wars and conquest of Edward I (12721307). The new castle was originally part of a much larger stronghold. It was built alongside the Old Castle in the late-thirteenth or early-fourteenth century under the de Braose lords of Gower, and what started as a set of apartments developed into a selfcontained castle. On the first floor was a hall, solar, and service rooms, with vaulted basements below. The arcaded parapet is perhaps the work of Henry de Gower, Bishop of St Davids (1328-47); similar work can be seen at Lamphey and St Davids. The castle was decayed by 1650. By 1686 there was a glassworks within the ruins, and in the late eighteenth century the north block was remodelled as a prison. In 1729 a large, tall gabled house was raised close to the east side of the castle on the Strand. It was leased in 1734 to James Griffiths who had been prominent in founding a copper works further along the Strand around 1720. The house survived until the early nineteenth century when it appeared in a dilapidated condition in several views, and finally shown as a derelict building in a model made of Swansea in c1840. In 1912 considerable alterations were made to the remains of the new castle by the erection of offices for the 'Cambrian Daily Leader' newspaper. A large portion of the north curtain wall was pulled down and some damage done to the old building. By 1914 any standing remains of the Old Castle had been removed (Hill 1989).

181

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00429w

St. Matthews Church at St. Johns

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65709376

Medieval

Church

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Between 1156 and 1184, the Order of St. John obtained possession of land on the northern outskirts of Swansea, on which the Church of St. John would be built in the early thirteenth century. The church was restored and a small chancel added some time before 1899. Demolished in 1820 (Evans 2003).

PRN

NAME

00436w

Swansea Town Defences

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65709295

Medieval

Town defences

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The Charters of 'murage and pavage' granted in 1317 and 1328, assigned certain tolls to the purpose of enclosing the town, and though some portion may have been appropriated to the repair of existing walls, it seems likely that the so called Town Walls were constructed after 1328, with any previous mention of walls being in reference to the walls of the bailey of the Old Castle. The new wall is described in documents as distinct from the other. It seems to have followed the line of the bailey walls along College Street, turning to the south along Waterloo Street (formerly called 'Old Walls') and this would agree with the description of John Pencoks land in a grant of 1498, that it had Goat Street on the east and the town fosse on the west. The wall passed outside St. Marys Churchyard and distinct traces were found when excavating for the corner house to the north west of Church Street in 1897. It passed Rutland Street and then must have curved to the east. However, all trace has been lost from then on, but it is likely that Salubrious Place owes its origin to the town walls (Sell 1997b).

182

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00438w/GM441

Original Swansea Castle

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65699314

Medieval

Castle

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

SAM Gm 441

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The visible remains of the medieval curtain consists of a band of roughly coursed rubble, much patched and repaired and largely masked by recent masonry. Henry de Beaumont, Earl of Warwick was invited by the king c.1106 to conquer Welsh Gwyr, and on completion of this he established Swansea as its capital and constructed a motte-and-bailey castle for its defence. The first documentary evidence is dated 1116, when the castle was attacked by Gruffudd ap Rhys, and although the outer castle was burnt the tower remained intact. The castle was attacked on two further occasions, in 1192 and 1215. The castle was in the hands of Reginald de Braose during this time as it is known that he later surrendered to Llewelyn ap Iorwerth in 1217. Later in the same year it was destroyed by Rhys Gryg in reprisal for the siege of Caerleon by the English. Further attacks by the Welsh took place in 1257 and 1287, but only limited mention is made in the documentary sources. "For two hundred years it [the motte and bailey castle] was a key and strategically important fortress, the administrative and financial centre of the Lordship of Gower and a vital baronial and royal base in South Wales". By 1300 however, with the end of the Welsh wars, the military function of the castle was becoming less important, although its importance as the administrative centre of the lordship and one of de Braose's principal seats was undiminished. The earth and timber castle was eventually replaced with a stone one, but exactly when this took place is unclear. Sources dating to 1187 and 1212 refer to rebuilding but the sums of money involved appear too small for this undertaking. A single reference refers to a rebuild by John de Braose in 1221 but this source is unreliable. A date some time in the thirteenth century seems reasonable however, as other Gower castles, such as Penmaen and Oystermouth, were rebuilt in stone during this period. This castle was later to become known as the 'Old Castle'. Surrounding the castle was the castle ditch that was later incorporated into the New Castle (PRN 00426w). The following hundred years proved to be a period of uncertainty with parts of the castle being sold by the de Braose family.

PRN

NAME

00439w

The Mount

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65959291

Medieval

Motte

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION For this ancient lookout for seamen, which formerly occupied a large space at the lower end of Wind Street, it has been supposed that the town was indebted to Cromwell, but it is likely that the Mount existed for a considerable period of time. There are charges for its repair and improvement in all the oldest Corporation accounts. In those of 1634, a sundial which was located on the Mounts centre, is mentioned. It was removed in 1804, during the construction of the Oystermouth Railway (Dillwyn 1840, 48). It is possible that it was the original castle of Beaumont. That the first castle had a motte is suggested by the narrative in the Brut, which tells how Griffith ap Rhys burnt the outworks in 1115, but was unable to get at the tower. However, the town ditch ran under the Mount, suggesting that the mound postdates it, as it seems unlikely that the Mount would not have been incorporated into the townsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; defences (Armitage 1912, 297-8).

183

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00450w

Paving Tile

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65679326

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION When the site for the Unitarian Chapel was excavated in High Street in 1845, a Flemish paving tile was found (Evans 2003).

PRN

NAME

00452w

Neolithic arrowhead

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65709367

Neolithic

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A Neolithic leaf-shaped arrowhead of irregular pointed oval form, it is extremely well worked. The object was discovered in the garden of 111 High Street in August 1914 (Marvell 2000).

184

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00453w

Medieval Ferry

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS662929

Medieval

Ferry

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A Medieval Ferry (Rees 1932).

PRN

NAME

00454w

Earthenware demijohn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65839292

Medieval

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A Medieval earthenware demijohn was found on the site of the New Liberal Club in the course of erection in Wind Street (Evans 2003).

185

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00457w

Earthenware jar

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65809296

Unknown

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION An earthenware jar, excavated in Wind Street.

PRN

NAME

00458w

The Strand

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65749310

Medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION During rebuilding operations at the rear of Swansea Castle, excavations revealed the remains of a small quay on the site of the old Tawe riverbed. The riverbank was found to have been revetted with piles and oak planks, and posts (possibly for mooring) were set a few feet from the edge. Other finds included an oak anchor stock and the skull of a horse, in which was embedded an early type of cannon ball.

186

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00836w/34813

Swansea Junction viaduct

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65889283

Post-medieval

Railway viaduct

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval railway viaduct.

PRN

NAME

00954w

Little Wind Street excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65859282

Unknown

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Excavation

FULL DESCRIPTION The seven sections excavated between Harbour Rd and Little Wind St failed to reveal any traces of the town defences. The area was shown to be reclaimed land, with some medieval occupation. The occupation evidence consisted of a number of rubbish pits with thirteenth-fourteenth century material, such as pottery, food refuse and iron slag. A much disturbed metalled area with associated post-holes provided evidence for timber buildings. No traces of any defensive wall, bank or ditch existed in this or the earlier excavation, so it appears that the southern line of the town defences must be sought elsewhere, perhaps beneath the line of Little Wind Street itself.

187

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00955w

Cross Keys Inn

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65659297

Medieval

Hospital

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Remains of at least one dry-stone building revealed under post medieval buildings, substantial quantities of fourteenth century pottery. To the rear of the building, partially cut into by post medieval cess pits, were a number of thirteenth to fourteenth century rubbish pits containing pottery, food refuse, charcoal and iron objects including a fine thirteenth century arrowhead. The Inn formed part of the hospital of the Blessed David of Swegnar founded in 1332 by Henry De Gower, Bishop of St Davids. Following the dissolution of the monastery in 1539 the building was granted in 1547 to Sir George Herbert and was converted to an inn. It was remodelled during 1950-59.

PRN

NAME

00958w

27-29 High Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS656934

Medieval

Ditch

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavation

FULL DESCRIPTION A foundation trench 1.5m wide, which followed the centre of the town ditch or moat for a length of c. 20m. The lowest filling of the ditch was 0.5m of compressed black silt contained sherds of Medieval pottery, shellfish and iron slag. Later excavation revealed the V-shaped ditch had been cut through the silt of a still earlier Medieval ditch (Morris 1975a, 60-61).

188

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

00959w

32-34 Princess Way

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS656932

Medieval

Ditch

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavation

FULL DESCRIPTION A complete section across the ditch of the castle bailey was revealed during this excavation. The initial silt contained sherds of 4 green-glazed jugs. The relatively late date of the pottery from the early silting suggests a substantial recutting, perhaps linked with Edwardian consolidation. There was also evidence of seventeenth-eighteenth century tipping including building debris, with groups of sgraffito and gravel-tempered ware was uncovered, as were eighteenth century building foundations and a 1941 'destruction layer' (Morris 1975b, 60-61).

PRN

NAME

01046.38w

Canal wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS659936

Post-medieval

Canal wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A canal wharf shown on 1836 plan of Swansea Harbour.

189

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01073.0w

The Smith Canal

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Canal

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A very early canal, also known as the Llansamlet Canal. It was built in 1784, replacing the earlier wagon way (Hughes 2000).

PRN

NAME

01201w

Weavers Mill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Mill

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION This mill was built in 1898 and composed of reinforced concrete, based in the Hennebique system (introduced from France in 1897) for the Weaver Company. It was probably the first example of a multi-storey reinforced concrete frame industrial building erected in Britain. There are later additions.

190

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01351w

Island House

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65739298

Medieval

Market

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A Medieval market (Bowden and Thomas 1974).

PRN

NAME

01852w

Swansea Town Walls

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS6582792985

Medieval

Town defences

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A substantial stonewall (possibly the town wall) was exposed during the rebuilding of the Head Post Office (13-18 Wind Street) in November 1963.

191

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

01946w

Skull fragments

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65719308

Medieval

Inhumation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Moved

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION Fragments of skulls and upper cervical vertebrae were recovered from two inhumations in the northwest part of the area excavated mechanically in 1976 (Swansea New Castle) (Evans 2003).

PRN

NAME

02004w

Strand Viaduct

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65779328

Post-medieval

Viaduct

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval viaduct.

192

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02022w

Fulling Mill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS6693

Medieval

Fulling mill

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION Related to the cloth industry, fulling cleansed the fabric and consolidated the texture. This was achieved by a water-powered wheel activating a series of hammers, which beat the cloth in a wooden frame called 'stocks'. This mill was constructed c. 1432 and owned by Hopkyn Llwyd. It was a private mill, located to the north of Swansea.

PRN

NAME

02185w

South Dock Swing Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65999261

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval bridge.

193

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02346w

Associated British Ports Office

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS659928

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval office.

PRN

NAME

02351w

Exchange Chambers

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS659927

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval exchange.

194

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02366w

No 1A Pier Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660928

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval building.

PRN

NAME

02367w

The Pumphouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660926

Post-medieval

Engine house

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval engine house.

195

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02399w

Pilot Office

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS663925

Post-medieval

Pilot office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Restored

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval Pilot office.

PRN

NAME

02768w

Swansea/Abertawe

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS657931

Medieval

Settlement

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

None

Settlement

FULL DESCRIPTION Swansea possibly originated as a ninth-tenth century, Scandinavian trading post, although there is a great deal of debate surrounding this issue. The first motte and bailey castle was constructed by 1116, and subsequently attacked and partially destroyed. A later castle was constructed to the north in c.1300. The first charter for the town originated between 1153 and 1184. As the town was often a target for attack by the Welsh, town walls were built in the early fourteenth century (Swansea County Council 1990).

196

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02770w

Town Wall

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65699329

Medieval

Town defences

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION The town wall was constructed in c.1332 by William de Breos, the Lord and seigniory of Gower. The wall extended from the Castle to Quay Parade, it then traversed Rutland Street, Church Street, Waterloo Street, Orchard Street, King Street and then along the Strand to the older Castle. A tower was also located in the wall (in High Street). Somewhat ill-defined in shape, it is circular towards the base but is polygonal towards the top (Jones 1920).

PRN

NAME

02775w

Borough Arms excavation

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65909293

Medieval

Ditch

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavated Feature

FULL DESCRIPTION The excavation of the area of the former Borough Arms revealed either the edge of the town ditch or the edge of a gravel terrace on which Swansea stands. There was no trace of the Town Wall. Also discovered was part of a structure that probably relates to the North Dock Branch viaduct abutments.

197

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02844.0w

Goat Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65609310

Post-medieval

Road

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION This street ran on a north-south alignment, to the west of Swansea castle, and joined Caer Street in the south and College Street to the north. This street followed the medieval alignment, and on the Parliamentary survey of 1650, two Goate Streets are mentioned, one with 21 tenements and the other with seventeen, but it is not clear whether this represents two separate streets; or either side of the same street (the latter is more likely). At this time a total of 183 tenements are given for Swansea (Price 1990 5). On the Board of Health Plan of 1852, six buildings are identified as having cellars, numbers fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, 23 (The Nag's Head), 24 and 26. The Ordnance Survey plan of 1919 also identifies a Methodist Chapel at the northern end of the street (east). Running to the east of this street another, identified as Banc-y-Gaer, or Castle Bank, was identified, and is presumed to follow the line of the medieval castle bailey ditch (Williams, 1995).

PRN

NAME

02846.0w

Castle Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65609310

Post-medieval

Road

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION This street lay on a north-south alignment between College Street and Caer Street. Evidence of both the motte and bailey castle, and the 'Old Castle' were identified to the east of this street. The street lies on the original medieval line between Castle Square (the old marketplace on Wind Street) and the North Gate of the medieval town defences on High Street. On the Tithe Plan, seventeen tenements and a chapel were identified on the west side of the street, and eighteen to the east. The street line remains the same up to the present day but the number of tenements has reduced (Williams 1995).

198

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

02866.0w

College Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65609320

Post-medieval

Road

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION This street lies on an east-west alignment and follows the Medieval street line. This street has been partially destroyed by the construction of a roundabout, during post-war reconstruction, at the junction of Princess Way and The Kings Way. On the Tithe Plan, eighteen tenements were identified to the north of this road and fifteen to the south. On the Ordnance Survey plan of 1919 the street line remained the same but tenements to the north numbered fourteen and to the south fourteen. On the Board of Health Plan of 1852, three buildings had cellars, numbers eight, nine and eleven.

PRN

NAME

03003w

Foresters Wharf warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66029296

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

Maritime Quarter Cons Area

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A warehouse built in 1892. It is a large rubble faced building with three identical gables facing southeast. The majority of the original cobbled floor still remains in the building, as do the original cast iron pillars and steel girder trusses. The roof is mostly slate. The building is now occupied by Robert Price Builders Merchants.

199

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03111w

Globe dry dock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS662926

Post-medieval

Dry dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Dry dock

FULL DESCRIPTION Labelled as the Globe Dry Dock on 1st edition OS map. It is located to the south of the entrance to the South Dock (Locock 1997b).

PRN

NAME

03112w

Jetty

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS663925

Post-medieval

Jetty

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Labelled as a Jetty on 1st edition OS map (Locock 1997b).

200

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03115.0w

Dry dock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS662928

Post-medieval

Dry dock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Labelled as Dry Docks on the 1st edition OS map (Locock 1997b).

PRN

NAME

03122w

Ferry

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS662929

Medieval

Ferry

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Medieval ferry (Locock 1997b).

201

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

03329w

Swansea Castle walls

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65729316

Medieval

Wall

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A rapid survey of the standing walls in the area between The Strand and Worcester Place car parks, Swansea, has established that at least two of these walls are of medieval origin and preserve masonry identical to that in the oldest (thirteenth century) parts of the 'New Castle'. Other walls continuing this line may be on medieval foundations, or may incorporate medieval masonry within them. However, it was not possible to establish this within the parameters of the rapid survey. The walls at the level of The Strand are all recent, and the only one of any historical interest is the west wall of the ARP shelter at the northern end of the site. The ground-probing radar survey of the Worcester Place car park revealed the presence of a possible rampart to the castle (Evans 1995).

PRN

NAME

03828w/34872

Engine shed

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS658936

Post-medieval

Engine shed

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval engine shed (Barrie 1994).

202

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04609w

Fisher Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65709295

Medieval

Road

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION The Medieval Fisher Street, ran inside the town wall, probably along the lines of modern York Street and Little Wind street (Maynard 1995a).

PRN

NAME

04611w

Little Wind Street

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65899286

Post-medieval

Road

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Near destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval street now largely obliterated by a car par and impending development. It was once part of Fisher Street (04109w) (Maynard 1995a).

203

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04634w

Medieval Bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65709304

Medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Damaged

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION Two stone structures seen in sewer trench excavations in Castle Square. It is possible they were originally a bridge or perhaps a barbican to the castle (Sell and Graves-Brown 1997).

PRN

NAME

04635w

Brewery quay

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION The Brewery Quay shown on 1836 Swansea Harbour plan.

204

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04637w

Baths

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS661928

Post-medieval

Baths

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION Baths shown on 1836 Harbour Plan and probably the origin of the name of Bath Lane.

PRN

NAME

04638w

Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A wharf shown on the 1836 map of Swansea Harbour.

205

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04641w

Paddington Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The Paddington Wharf shown on the 1836 Harbour plan.

PRN

NAME

04642w

Sluice

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS661939

Post-medieval

Sluice

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A sluice in the old river channel, shown on the 1836 Harbour plan.

206

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04643w

Foundary Quay

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION The Foundary Quay shown on the 1838 Harbour plan.

PRN

NAME

04644w

Pottery Mill

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS659937

Post-medieval

Mill

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The Pottery Mill shown on the 1838 Harbour plan.

207

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04645w

Lock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660937

Post-medieval

Lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION A lock and weir on the new cut, shown on the Harbour plan of 1832.

PRN

NAME

04647w

Culm Wharf

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65939354

Post-medieval

Wharf

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION The Culm Wharves shown on the 1832 Harbour plan.

208

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04648w

Pipe quay

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660938

Post-medieval

Quay

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Earthwork

FULL DESCRIPTION The Pipe Quay shown on the 1832 Harbour plan.

PRN

NAME

04651w

Birmingham copper works

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS660930

Post-medieval

Copper works

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION The Birmingham Copper works shown on the 1832 Harbour plan.

209

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04779.0w

Swansea-Morriston railway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65809320

Post-medieval

Railway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Railway

FULL DESCRIPTION The Swansea to Morriston railway, built alongside Swansea canal in 1881 by GWR who had owned the Swansea and Trewyddfa canals since 1874 (Barrie 1994).

PRN

NAME

04810w

Evening Post Offices watching brief

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65719306

Modern

Find

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Finds

FULL DESCRIPTION A watching brief on the demolition of the Evening Post offices uncovered evidence for eighteenth century copper smelting and glass making. It also revealed a section of undisturbed courtyard, which included thirteenth-fourteenth century pottery, copper and glass slag and food refuse.

210

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

04811w

Worcester Place car park

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65739316

Modern

Excavation

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Excavation

FULL DESCRIPTION The trial cutting was divided into two by the northern wall of No.7 Worcester Place. A number of features almost certainly relating to the stone castle were identified in the northern end of the site. The principal ones were parts of two walls and a floor, all composed of mortared rubble. The medieval features had been covered by a dump of gravel into the top of which a number of pits had been cut in the nineteenth century. To the south were the cellars of No.7 and No.6, both of which were filled with rubble. What could be seen of the plans of the houses corresponded closely with the plan of the basement on the building contract of No.6. No pottery or individual finds of medieval date were recovered (Evans 1995).

PRN

NAME

05133w

West Pier, Swansea Harbour Lights

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS664925

Post-medieval

Lighthouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Destroyed

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION This was first established in 1792 when a lamp was erected on a post to mark the proposed new pier head. This was known as the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Lanthorn (i.e. lantern) Beaconâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. In 1803 a lighthouse, designed by William Jernegan, was established on the head of the finished pier. This was a vertical octagonal tower made of iron cast at Neath Abbey. It stood on a stone plinth and was 6.1m (20ft) in height. It had a smaller octagonal lantern, consisting completely of rectangular panes with thick vertical glazing bars (the lantern had no lower cast-iron walling), crowned by a domed top with a prominent ventilating pipe. In 1810 it was lit by candle and in 1845 by oil. Its elevation above high water was 8.53m (28ft). It shared many of the characteristics of the other harbour lights. In 1845 it was recorded that the harbour light at Swansea was only kept lighted while there was 2.44m (8ft) of water at the piers. No dues were ever collected for this light which was maintained at the expense of the Harbour Trustees. In 1878 the old structure was moved to the end of the extended wooden pier built by James Abernethy, where the structure had a height of 7.01m (23ft) and an elevation above the sea of 10.67m (35ft). However, in 1909, the pier was again extended in wood by P.W. Meik and a new lighthouse fitted. This second west harbour light consisted of a square wooden trellis surmounted by a wooden platform on which stood an octagonal iron lantern with a lower iron wall and vertical light windows. There was a fully domed top with a large ball finial. In 1971 the pier was reconstructed by Richard Costain in reinforced concrete. The lighthouse was demolished and replaced by a concrete post showing a red light (SS 6653 9168) (Hague 1994).

211

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

330

Swansea canal

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65829345

Post-medieval

Canal

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Complex

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval canal.

PRN

NAME

703

St. Nicholas' Chapel

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66009268

Post-medieval

Chapel

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION The former Post-medieval, St. Nicholas' chapel, now used as a workshop.

212

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

31897

Swansea Harbour Trust Offices

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66009286

Post-medieval

Office

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Intact

LB2*

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval office, which was constructed in 1902 and opened in 1903. The building was designed by Edwin Seward, an architect from Cardiff. It is in an English Baroque style, but also includes some Art Nouveau details. It is composed of symmetrical red brick and Portland stone and has a west facade.

PRN

NAME

34239

Broadquay 5 and 6 warehouse

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS658931

Post-medieval

Warehouse

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval warehouse.

213

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34270

North Dock bollard

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS659931

Post-medieval

Mooring bollard

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval mooring bollard.

PRN

NAME

34280

Coal Hoist

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS6693

Post-medieval

Hoist

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval coal hoist.

214

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34282

Swansea Dock Pilot house

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66389257

Post-medieval

Building

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

LB2

Building

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval pilothouse.

PRN

NAME

34283

Harbour

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS661934

Post-medieval

Harbour

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval harbour.

215

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34836

North Dock bridge

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65989307

Post-medieval

Bridge

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval bridge.

PRN

NAME

34871

North Dock railway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65789338

Post-medieval

Railway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Structure

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval railway.

216

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

34873

Swansea Harbour railway

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS65789320

Post-medieval

Railway

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Railway

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval railway.

PRN

NAME

301714

North Dock Basin lock

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66149305

Post-medieval

Lock

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A Post-medieval lock.

217

Urban Waterfronts in south-east Wales: Phase 1

PRN

NAME

273925

The 'Ambassador'

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66009300

Post-medieval

Wreck

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A barque, of composite construction, and registered in Aberdeen. Its cargo was coal and the ship was unarmed. Its dimensions were (in feet): 176 x 31 x 18, and was travelling from an unknown port to Swansea, when it was lost on 23/01/1890.

PRN

NAME

274144

The 'Elizabeth Ann'

NGR

PERIOD

TYPE

SS66009300

Post-medieval

Wreck

CONDITION

STATUS

FORM

Not known

None

Documents

FULL DESCRIPTION A cutter, of wood construction, and registered in Swansea. It was carrying ballast and was unarmed. Although its dimensions are unknown, it was lost on the 04/11/1908.

218