Urban Conservation Research by Ghadeer-Ismail

URBAN PLANNING

URBAN CONSERVATION Spring 2018-2019 | Arc370 | Dr.Rim Miziani Ghadeer Ismail 1059610

Fatima Al-Serri 1060803

Hala Al-Anbari 1044204

Mayamin Toffahah 1061255

Kyewords TODAY'S DISCUSSION

RESTORATION:

Process of keeping something valued alive, or free from damage

Restore an object to its original and perfect state.

HERITAGE:

HERITAGE CONSERVATION:

A word used in the last quarter of the 20th century to describe conservation objects idea. In the Collins English Dictionary, 1986 edition ‘the evidence of the past’ (Viñas, 2005).

Maintenance action aims to increase the value of heritage buildings and sites by saving its original form and elements.

CONSERVATION: Protecting a valuable thing, but with some changes.

URBAN CONSERVATION: •Preventing damage of architectural heritage. •Without damaging the building or destruction its values. •Concerned on buildings with architectural or historical values (Melbourne, 1981).

Kyewords

1 Intervention & Examples ADAPTIVE REUSE/ REHABILITATION: • Changing the use while leaving the basic structure and fabric intact. • Technique to preserve buildings with historic or architectural significance. • Applies to building conversion if a building with special use is no longer needed its original purpose.

1 Intervention & Examples CONSOLIDATION: • Applied to ensure continued durability or structural integrity. • Used when it requires physical addition, or application of adhesive or supportive materials inside the existing genuine fabric of the cultural property.

1 Intervention & Examples RESTORATION: • Applied to revive the original legibility or concept of an object. • Original material and design, archaeological evidence and authentic documents, are the base for restoration . • The replacement of parts must incorporate harmoniously with the whole object, and be distinguishable from the original on close inspection (Elfeky, 2017).

process Jane Goodall

2 Importance & benefits SOCIAL • Pivotal component of Urban Revitalization that is renovating old neighborhoods. • Improve life quality and community cohesion. • Used to keep people active and involved in the community. • Provides volunteering activities while maintaining and promoting heritage buildings. • Provides development records of cities through ages. • Used for community gatherings and events. • Evoke special character and feeling of belonging in people and retain the society’s identity.

2 Importance & benefits ECONOMY •Tourists attraction. •Income source. •Valuable reason for foreign investments. •Increases the property values •More appreciation for the restored building and surrounding site. •Saves money and Energy. •Using less imported materials. •Develops strong private sector activities.

2 Importance & benefits ENVIRONMENT •The ultimate form of recycling. •Reduces demolition wastes. •Saves energy. •labor-intensive not material intensive.

3 Challenges •Low awareness about importance of urban conservation. •Conservation activities have no logical criterion. •Heritage threatened with destruction and degradation is increasing continuously. •Human activities such as tourist and user pressure, unplanned urbanization, destructive development projects, theft, vandalism, war, air pollution, vibration, and plain neglect. •Natural environmental disasters. •The absence of planning process and basic rules for restoration on many building restoration attempts. •Many conservation efforts are not enough to accommodate social, environment, and economic dimensions of the preserving society.

4 Arguments Economics in Urban Conservation makes a major contribution to an understanding of how economics in conservation can help in achieving a sensible balance between continuity and change in the built environment. However, a lack of systematic assessment methodologies for adequate consideraation of the agap between sustainable urban development and the conservation of cultural heritage, has been long noted by academia.

Economy |

Ecology |

Equity |

Economic activity should serve the common good, be self-renewing, and build local assets and self-reliance.

Human are part of nature, nature has limits, and communities are responsible for protecting and building natural assets.

The opportunity for full participation in all activities, benefits, and decision-making of a society.

Economic and Sustainable heritage management

Arguments

Economic and Sustainable heritage management

Heritage, if properly managed, can be instrumental in enhancing:

1.social inclusion. 2.developing intercultural dialogue. 3.shaping the identity of a given territory.

4.improving the quality of the environment. 5.providing social cohesion. 6.stimulating the development of tourism.

7.creating jobs and enhancing the investment climate.

Arguments

Tourism and Sustainable Development

heritage has superseded conservation, where marketing of heritage as a product according to the demands of the consumer, mainly tourists, has resulted in the commercialization of heritage over conservation values.

In tourism, sustainability means:

• Accomplishing quality development in a

Benefits of Sustainable Tourism Development:

• produce a new way of income.

way that does not exhaust the normal and implicit condition and jelly the way of

• Improving work opportunities.

life, history, and legacy of the neighborhood network.

• develop local economy

• Accomplishing balance between the

• enhance the quality of life.

number of guests and the limit of the given condition • Most noteworthy connection and delight with the least obliteration.

Arguments

Linked to UAE

Over the last two decades the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been actively restoring their modest urban heritage. However, conservation actions are not streamlined within the country and there is no legislation to protect this heritage. To illustrate this, conservation interventions in specific urban and architectural heritage sites, namely Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi, Al Bastakia in Dubai, Al Merraija in Sharjah.

Framework

how theory can be converted into practice

With a view to establish community culture and eventually strong communities, a community involvement framework must be laid out. Such a framework seeks to utilize urban conservation in tackling community objectives such as local power, economic flourishment, empowerment, and sustainability. 1. It demands an actual community culture. [necessitates an inclusive dedication by the community mainstream] 2. It seeks to support preservationists such as government officials and heritage planners to be aware of the reality that communities have a prerogative to determine their own heritage values in addition to the methods to conserve them. 3. It suggests the formation of partnerships with experts in community planning and heritage planning, to assist communities in recognizing, documenting, assessing and safeguarding their own heritage. 4. Providing a set of on hand mechanisms and initiatives which efficiently facilitate the employ urban conservation as a means for community development. 5. Redirect current finance and operate the proper legal framework to redevelop the community through private and public partnerships.

National & world Heritage National Heritage • Registered by a governmental agency as a national importance to the country on its own National heritage list.

World Heritage • Registered by UNESCO as a world importance in the World Heritage list. • Classified as Cultural or Natural Heritages. • UNESCO’s list contains 1092 properties in 160 countries. • 845 are Cultural World Heritage. • 209 are Natural World Heritage. • 38 are both cultural and natural heritage. • Cross-border World Heritage properties, are the shared sites between two countries. • 54 properties are in danger.

Urban Conservation Concepts Identity of a particular town is a concept which forms through the time and includes physical, natural, historical and socio-cultural characteristics of a particular town. Which justify the importance of identification and conservation the local identity.

understanding and appreciating the local identity becomes an important issue in the conservation of its character.

seeking to achieve the main goal of urban conservation projects which is to assess the values of an historic urban context in order to maintain or improve its identity against harmful and destructive effects.

being aware of that the conservation of identity is a key issue in sustaining the local characteristics of towns within a globalize world.

Urban Conservation Principles

The historic environment is a shared responsibility and each generation should sustain the environment to the other generations

Having the opportunity for everyone to participate and use the knowledge of the expert, learning and awareness people to understand their heritage.

Determine the degree of importance and protection.

Retains place authenticity without changing the elements and qualities that embody the heritage.

Take a compromise if there is a conflict between sustaining heritage places and other places or minimizing the amount of damage.

Document and record decisions to justify them and understand the importance of how and why they have been changed.

Urban Conservation Strategies

Knowing that

Take in

• Heritage conservation is a sociocultural activity and includes many other activities.

• Consideration all aspects of heritage conservation in a cultural, social, administrative, economic and geographical deeply.

• Heritage conservation is varied, changeable and in conflict. • There is not one way or method to have a full evaluating to heritage values. • The historical concepts and archaeological art assess as significance by the traditional modes that found with professionals.

• The important of calling different specializations to use different strategies of inclusiveness. • To make more comprehensive assessments of heritage values to get better planning and management. • Into account the economic aspects as a strong force that shaped heritage. • Responding to the needs of stakeholders and communities by testing conservation planning.

Organizations Efforts UNESCO • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. • The criteria contain 10 selection criteria, 6 Cultural and 4 Natural. • UNESCO provides a list of 14 primary factors, each includes a number of secondary factors, standards of factors and threats which affects the important Universal Value of World Heritage properties.

Organizations Efforts III. To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared; IV. To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

Organizations Efforts I. To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; VII. To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance; VIII. To be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

Organizations Efforts X. To contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.

Organizations Efforts VI. To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria); IX. To be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

Organizations Efforts

Organizations Efforts II. To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

Case Study | INDIA •The Forts represent Rajasthan military architecture and involve many approaches like the Forts walls, memorials, and temples. •It shows an important phase of traditional Indian principles •Inside these Forts, there are the palaces, trading centers, urban centers, and temples that reflect the architecture of the place. •It used the natural defenses that offered from the landscapes, also featured with water harvesting structures that used until now

Case Study | INDIA •It selected due to the Criterion (ii), Criterion (iii) and Criterion (iii) according to UNESCO Criterions.

BEFORE CONSERVATION

AFTER CONSERVATION

•Unfortunately, they replaced the original exterior plaster of some Forts, which caused losing the historical materials.

•But, they released law to provide unlimited protection of relics.

•There are some structures were exposed to decay or collapse.

•There are laws that no one even the owner cannot build, construct, or excavated works without permission from the state authorities

Case Study | UAE

•Qasr Al Hosn is the oldest building in Abu Dhabi •It used by Al Nahyan family in 18 century •Used as a political Majles, Mosque on religious occasions and a place for needed It consists of two parts, the inner fort or "Hosn" built in 1795 and the outer Palace was built by Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan in 1939

Case Study | UAE Important

• It used to welcome the Merchants which come from the coast. • It represent a strong image to the country • The Royal Family use it as a place to rule the country and to solve disputes between people • It was a meeting place for government and the advisory board • Contributed to the union of the Emirates. • Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was born there in 1918 • The palace has cultural, political and historical value and now economical value to the country

Case Study | UAE Time line

• It built as a watchtower to protect the water in 1761 by Sheikh Thiab bin Issa. • Shaikh Tahnoun bin Shakhbout expands the fort in early 19 century • Shaikh Saeed bin Tahnoun expands and improves the Qasr in the middle of 19 century • Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan added the National Consultative Council to the building which between 1968 and 1970

Qasr Al-Hosn Timeline 1761 - TODAY

Converts to Fort

Expands the fort Built The Palace By Shaikh Tahnoun bin Shakhbout By Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan

Early 19 century

1785

1761 Built watchtower By Sheikh Thiab bin Issa

1795 Built an extention for al-Hosn

Middle 19 century Expands the Qasr By Shaikh Saeed bin Tahnoun

became a Father of our Nation.

1939

1980-1990

1968 The National Consultative Council By Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan

2000 - Today Meuseum and culture center

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