Life of Rizal Magazine_Group 6_BSEE-3A

AMF AMF AMF Magazine

Life of

Rizal Rizal

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editor-in-chief adrian ferrer secretary monica wawangco

associate editor marc anthony vicente

members gideon valdez jethro paul taroma

layout/ graphics and design gideon valdez monica wawangco

photography gideon valdez

researchers jethro paul taroma marc anthony vicente adrian ferrer monica wawangco

editorial adrian ferrer

travelogue monica wawangco

issues about Rizal jethro paul taroma trial and execution adrian ferrer exile in dapitan marc anthony vicente

We are deeply grateful to all those who have contributed to the creation of this magazine dedicated to the life and legacy of Jose Rizal. Our heartfelt thanks go to our team of researchers, writers, and editors who have worked tirelessly to bring the magazine to fruition. This magazine would not have been possible without the dedication and contributions of each and every one. Thank you for helping us pay tribute to the national hero, Jose Rizal.

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RIZAL’S TRIAL AND EXECUTION

The trial of Rizal happened swiftly through the court, even though logical reasons were presented, he still undergone the death sentence. Though it may seem to be a revenge of the Spanish friars using their powerful authority which they can punish whom they want to punish. Evidences were collected in this trial to exhibit the treason that Rizal is suspected, these are collected through his documents which was originally are intended for his friends and family and it also contain writings or poems that was confiscated by Spanish authorities. Another evidence presented against Rizal is the oral testimonies of his close friends who were tortured. It is suspected that he leads the rebellion due to a letter convincing to stop the revolt of the revolutionist; it is said that he founded the group. Also, after his preliminary investigation, he is ordered by the Judge General Don Nicolas dela Peña to go to jail in Fort Santiago and is to be kept until he can pay the said bail amounting to one million pesos. When in court, he should be defended by a military officer and not by a civil lawyer. Though in this court he managed to present his claim about his innocence through the matter, in which he proclaims his twelve points to be the following: First, he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise a revolution. Second, He did not

correspond to the revolution element or its idea. Third, the revolutionist only used his name and portrayed that he would’ve fled to Singapore if he was guilty with the action. Fourth, he would not get in touch near Dapitan and should’ve escaped. Fifth, he was not consulted by the revolutionist as suspected to him to be the leader. Sixth, he founded La Liga Filipina as Civic association and not a revolutionary society. Next, the organization lead to a dead end after he was banished to Dapitan. It was only reorganized nine months after and has no idea about it. Next point, is that the organization was not initially for the revolutionist, otherwise it would QWreplace the Katipunan. Lastly, his letters having the bitter comments was because he was banished to Dapitan and his friends knew that he is a man that don’t support any violent movement. As it stated, points were proven but power is legally abused by the Spanish officers and still conjectured Rizal and charged with sedition, conspiracy and rebellion. During his last remaining days, he was visited by his family, Jesuit priests, and friends. He also wrote some of the poems and letters that are famous today which was namely ‘Mi ultimo Adios’ or translated to as a “My last Farewell”. Containing these letters are for his family in which he has left in this life, giving acknowledgement to whom he

trusts and the country he would inspire.

,,From the viewpoint of other countrymen that caught the attention about Rizal’s death. Rizal provided a inspiration to as which he could bring change to what the mindset of the Filipino not to be slaves of other country and start to enslave themselves from the love for their country. Nothing would’ve woken up the Filipinos if Rizal didn’t write and died because of it. Books that provides the true sight of a Filipino getting enslaved by the people who abused and didn’t originally own the Motherland. If we are bound to be slaves to other country then he would’ve not have seen that the Filipinos are free and cannot be abused by any other countries.

ADRIAN FERRER

EDITORIAL

“One only die once and if one does not die well, a good opportunity is lost and will not present itself again.”

Dr. Jose Rizal

OPINION

People think that Rizal should’ve live if not because of the swiftly yet unjust trial that he attended. Rizal provide many points to as what he claims him to be innocent, but the judges of the said trial still sentenced him to death. Many have countered the idea of it, though it may serve as an inspiration to provide the freedom the country deserved. Should he be executed or not?

These points were made and according to Allen Soriano of Cavite University, Rizal’s execution brought a seemingly fuel to the revolutionists Kataas-taasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan na mga anak ng Bayan or KKK to rise a revolution in accordance with the action they needed to respond with their hero that has been executed. The legacy that Rizal brought to his countrymen remains and provide the true sight about the country that the Filipinos are living in. He opened the eyes of his people about the abuses, tyranny, and unfair treatment that the Spanish rulers brought to the motherland through his written books and works. Though, his death made the Filipinos’ pride to make an action and served as a battle cry to a bloody revolution.

Many of them know that Rizal, preferably

oppose violent methods regarding any circumstances. He, a man who wrote the books of that unveiled reality of what Spanish friars and other hierarchy brought oppression fear and abuse to the lowly lives of the Filipinos in his time. From what he observed and what he experienced through the life of a Filipino that has been extinguished from the love of his own country and nativity. Though he deserved to live, but what could happen if he was not been executed, should he be supporting the bloody revolution that he wanted to be neutralize or he could go on and write what he always has written about this country we are living.

Rizal’s life is fruitful the way it was, either he is not executed or have been executed. The results may remain as what it may needed to be. If he will remain to be just a threat and not wish to stop the abused of the oppressors what would the country become. The execution of Rizal made worthy as the heroes fought bravely among those who stepped and looked down upon our countrymen and prideful people of this country and also be inspired from the books started to ignite people’s love for their own country.

,,

“One only die once and if one does not die well, a good opportunity is lost and will not present itself again. ”

ADRIAN FERRER

Dr. Jose Rizal

st

Rizal’s

Monica Wawangco

Jose Rizal was only twenty years old when he traveled abroad to study and as a young man, he was very observant and eager to interact with foreign nationals.

3rd of May 1882, Rizal left the Philippines for Spain in a pish steamer SS Salvadora

9th of May 1882, Salvadora docked in

Singapore

11th of May 1882, Rizal transferred to another ship, Djemnah. A French vessel for Europe.

17th of May 1882, Djemnah reach the coast of Sri Lanka.

The following day, Djemnah weighed anchor

and resume the voyage towards Colombo. From Colombo, the voyage continued by crossing the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Guardufui Africa. The next stopover was in Yemen. Rizal was amused to see the camels for the first time. From Yemen, their voyage continued to the city of Suez in Egypt.

He saw the Suez Canal for the first time and he was thrilled to saw it.

11th of June 1882, The ship docked at Naples, Italy. He was fascinated by the Mount Vesuvius, the Castle of St. Telmo

12th of June 1882, The steamer docked at Marseilles, France. Rizal visited the famous Chateau D’if when he was in Marseilles.

Travelling from train, he crossed the pyrenees and stopped for a day at frontier town of Portbou. After the passport inspection at Portbou, he finally arrived at Barcelona.

16th of June 1882, Rizal reached Barcelona. His former classmates from Ateneo organized a welcome party for him at a coffee house in Plaza de Cataluña. They took Rizal around the city and to the historical sites in Barcelona. His essay entitled “El Amor Patrio” or Love of Country was written in this city and published last 20th of August 1882 in Diariong Tagalog using Laong Laan as his pen name.

3rd of November 1882, Rizal moved to Madrid. Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid or known today as Universidad Complutense de Madrid in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

Rizal also took lessons in painting and sculpture at the Academia de San Fernando.

He also enrolled at the Madrid Ateneo (Ateneo de Madrid) in French, English, and German classes.

He also enrolled in fencing class at the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.

October 1885 to March 1886, Rizal specialized in ophthalmology and trained under the leading ophthalmologists in Europe like Dr. Louis de Weckert of Paris whom he worked as an assistant.

June 1884, Rizal was awarded with the degree and title of Licentiate in Medicine for passing the medical examinations. With his title, he was able to practice medicine. With his title, he was able to practice medicine. 19th of June 1885, Rizal obtained the degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras (Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters) from the Universidad Central de Madrid with a rating of sobresaliente.

2nd of January 1884, Rizal joined the Filipino reunion at the house of Pedro Paterno in Madrid. He proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippine society. It was also in Madrid that he was able to write the first half of his novel, Noli Me Tangere.

In 1886, Rizal also worked with expert ophthalmologists Dr. Javier Galezowsky and Dr. Otto Becker in Heidelberg, Germany.

Also, in 1886 in his stay in Berlin, Germany, he mastered German language and wrote a paper entitled Tagalische Verkunst. He also translated Schiller’s William Tell into Tagalog.

In 1887, in Heidelberg, Germany, Rizal also worked with expert ophthalmologists Dr. R. Schulzer and Dr. Schweigger.

21st of March 1887 in Berlin, Germany, Rizal finished and published his novel, Noli Me Tangere with financial help from his friend, Maximo Viola. After five years in Europe, Rizal went home to Calamba on August 8, 1887.

2nd

Rizal’s ’

February 3, 1888- After a short stay of 6 months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Philippines for the second time.

February 7, 1888Rizal sailed to Hong Kong through steamer Zafiro but had an emergency stopover in Amoy, Macau because he was not feeling well. It was also raining hard and heard that the city was dirty.

February 8, 1888 –Rizal landed in mainland Hong Kong and stayed at Victoria Hotel where he was welcomed by his Filipino friends.

February 18, 1888Rizal visited Macau with Jose Ma. Basa through the ferry steamer KiuKiang. They stayed at Don Juan Francisco Lecaros’ house.

February 20, 1888After visiting casinos, churches, botanical garden and witnessing a Catholic processions for two days, they returned to Hong Kong.

February 22, 1888Rizal left Hong Kong on board the Oceanic, as American steamer to his destination, Japan.

February 28, 1888- Rizal reached Yokohama, Japan and registered at the Grand Hotel.

March 2 to 7, 1888- Rizal stayed in Tokyo Hotel. He met Juan Perez Caballero, the secretary of Spanish legation. He decided to live in a Spanish legation in Tokyo with Caballero. He knew that Spanish diplomatic authorities from Manila were monitoring his movements in Japan.

May 4, 1888- Rizal moved to Nevada, California.

April 13, 1888- Rizal left Japan and boarded the steamer Belgic going to United States of America.April 28, 1888- The steamer Belgic with Rizal on board docked at San Fancisco, California. He described USA as a great country but it has many defects too. He quarantined for a week because of Cholera outbreak in Asia.

May 13, 1888- Rizal left New York on the board The City of Rome bound for London.

May 16,

During his stay in London, he published the second edition of his novel, Noli Me Tangere.

February 12, 1890- Rizal arrived at Brussels, Belgium. July 1891- While in Brussels, Belgium, Rizal completed his second novel, El Filibusterismo.

September 18, 1891- Rizal’s second novel, El Filibusterismo was published through the help of his friend, Valentin Ventura.

In 1892, Rizal decided to return to the Philippines thinking that the real struggle was in his homeland. He arrived in the Philippines on June 26, 1892.

1888- Rizal reached Queenstown, Ireland. He got on board a ferry boat to Liverpool and a train to London.

JETHRO TAROMA

issues

about Rizal ???

1.

Why does Rizal’s works are written in Spanish when he said that we, Filipino people, should love and use our own language?

Jose Rizal wrote most of his famous works in Spanish. Even his farewell poem, Mi último adiós, was written in the language of his executioners. But it does not mean he loves the Spanish language and not his mother tongue, Tagalog. The mere fact that he wrote his works in the Spanish language and not in Tagalog tells us that he had a different audience in mind: The Spaniards and their government. His novel, Noli Me Tángere, was initially supposed to be written in French because it was the lingua franca (auxiliary language) of the world society, and he wanted it to be read by everyone in Europe. However, Rizal felt that his French was insufficient for prose writing, so he wrote it in Spanish in order for the Spaniards to read and understand it as he actually intended the Spanish government to listen to the grievances of the Filipino people about the abuses committed by the friars as stated in the novel, and for the common Filipino people coming from different ethnolinguistic groups to read it since Tagalog was not the lingua franca of the Philippines when it was written.

2.

Rizal’s Retraction Controversy: Did Rizal retract his works and words against Catholic Church and Spanish Government?

Since Rizal’s retraction letter was discovered by Fr. Manuel Garcia in 1935, its content has become a favorite subject of dispute among academicians and Catholics. The letter, dated December 29, 1896, was said to have been signed by the National Hero himself. Many historians arguing whether Rizal retracted from what he had stated about the Catholic Church or not. From Rizal’s statement: “I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct have been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church”.

The morning after the execution of Jose Rizal, the newspapers of Manila and Madrid recorded the event, and announced on the eve of his death that Rizal retracted his religious errors, abjured freemasonry, and in the last hours of his life had married Josephine Bracken. Those who had read Rizal’s books or who knew him closely and admired him, both in the country and abroad, took one look at the announcement and declared it “an ecclesiastical fraud.”

The controversy whether Rizal actually wrote a retraction document only lies in the judgement of its reader, as no amount of proof can probably make the two opposing groups—the Masonic Rizalists (who firmly believe that Rizal did not withdraw) and the Catholic Rizalists (who were convinced Rizal retracted)—agree with each other. But the only thing is, even if Rizal retracted or not, the knowledge he inculcated to us will not change.

During his exile in Dapitan in 1892, Dr. José Rizal had the opportunity to engage Fr. Pablo Pastells through correspondence. They argued about many things, including the concept of God. Based on the letters Rizal wrote, it can be said that his concept of God could be summarized into three notions. First, he believed that God existed. Second, he believed that God was plus supra. Lastly, he believed that God was the origin of nature; that is, nature was the expression of God.

As regards the first notion, Rizal made explicit that he believed that God existed. He was convinced that a supernatural power

behind all creation had to exist. It was clear that he subscribed to the idea of “necessarycontingent beings” where the contingent being needed other beings for it to exist while the necessary being existed on its own. As such, the necessary being becomes the “origin of contingent beings. This necessary being has been labeled by many as “God”.

As regards the second notion, Rizal argued that his God was not like the God of the Catholics, as his God was far above such things. He thought that a requirement to the Godliness of God was His being above all things, which meant His being

incomprehensible.

As regards the third notion, Rizal believed that if one was to “understand” God, he was going to do well to note that books which others claimed were tools of revelation were not reliable. The reason was books were too removed from actual reality as these were written by people, interpreted by others, rewritten by people, obscured by others, etc. The best way to have an idea of God was through connecting with Him personally, directly, and physically through His extensions. These extensions were nature.

American sponsorship: Is Rizal an American-sponsored hero?

In his seminal work, the Veneration Without Understanding, historian Renato Constantino argued that Rizal’s pre-eminence among our heroes was partly the result of American sponsorship by citing laws enacted by the Americans that ‘reduced’ the role of other historical figure in our history in order to emphasize the role of Jose Rizal. He argued that the Americans made Jose Rizal more special than the other heroes by encouraging a cult by enacting laws such as Act No. 137 which created the Rizal province, Act No.

243 which leads to the construction of Rizal monument in Luneta and Act No. 346 which sets December 30 as day of observance for Rizal. He also argued that Rizal was selected because of his peace-loving and compromising image and the perception that he never advocated for an abrupt and chaotic approach to independence will suit their (American) imperialistic interest in the Philippines.

On the other hand, Professor Ambeth Ocampo, a known Rizal ‘expert’ refuted the claims of Constantino saying

Did Rizal believe in God even if his works opposed the Catholic Church? 4. 5.

that Rizal was already venerated long before the American sponsored him, referring to the proclamation of Emilio Aguinaldo on December 20, 1898, which sets every December 30 as National Day of Mourning in honor of Jose Rizal. He also claims that “The Americans just built on the prevailing sentiment of the people towards Rizal. They used Rizal: anti-Spain, assimilationist, reformist, peace-loving stance to further their imperialistic agenda”.

Does Rizal deserve to be the National Hero of the Philippines?

In terms of the fight for the country’s independence, my answer is No. Rizal was an advocate for equal rights and endemic cultural recognition and perhaps fight for autonomy. For him, he would prefer that the nation underwent gradual process of self-determination, like becoming an autonomy or commonwealth of the kingdom of Spain which could result to independence after formal lobbying and years of proving that we could effectively govern ourselves. Unfortunately, he was way ahead of his time. No powerful government at that time was civil enough to agree to such arrangement.

He was in the league of Gandhi and other non-violence advocates. However, he has been sympathized by non-Filipinos around the world after he died. It means that Rizal’s grounds of becoming a national hero is due to exemplary works from academics to actual practice patriotically. He was really patriotic fighting against the tyranny of the Spanish colonialism. His two novels inspired the movement which eventually gathered his fellowmen to rise up and put into action their long-desired dream to be free from the shackles of Spanish conquest, tyranny,

and enslavement. He was the hero to other Filipino heroes. He was the spark that ignited the series of flames which eventually led to the revolution by the Filipino people— indigenous or mestizos, rich or poor, men and women alike. He may not be the direct face who led to the gathering of bolos and knives, but he was the heat that tempered them. And then he made the ultimate sacrifice of facing the bullet from the nervous Spaniards who did not even have the courage to pull the trigger themselves. Even in his death, he made them tremble in their clear and imminent demise.

Rizal’s Exile in Dapitan

Dr. Jose Rizal was ordered to be arrested by Governor-General Eulogio Despujol on July 6, 1892 after being summoned in Malacañang for writing anti-friar article.

fruits trees, mangoes, lanzones, guayabanos, baluno, nangka, etc. I have rabbits, dogs, cats, etc. I rise early — at five — visit my plants, feed the chickens, awaken my people and put in movement. At half-past seven, we breakfast with tea, pastries, cheese, sweet meats, etc. Later I treat my poor patients, who come to my land; I dress, go to the town in my baroto, treat the people there, and return at 12, when my luncheon awaits me. Then I teach the boys until 4 p.m. and devote the afternoon to agriculture. I spend the night reading and studying.

Careers And Contributions of Rizal

From the day of his arrest to July 14, 1892, Rizal was in a state of incommunicado (not allowed to communicate). Thereafter, Rizal was escorted to the steamer Cebu, and at 1:00 a.m. of July 15, 1892, the steamer left Manila bound to Dapitan. And, at 7:00 p.m., Sunday, July 17, 1892, they arrived at Dapitan with Captain Delgas, the ship’s skipper, handing over Rizal to the governor of Dapitan, Captain Ricardo Carcinero.

In Dapitan, Rizal led an exemplary life, fruitful of achievements and idyllic in serenity. The members of his family visiting him in order to assuage his loneliness in Dapitan. He built his own house by the seashore, surrounded by a garden of fruit trees. He had also another house for his school boys and hospital for his patients. Never had an exile so busy a life as Rizal’s in faraway Dapitan. All his available time, he devoted to the practice of medicine; to his artistic, literary, educational, linguistic, and scientific pursuits; to his agricultural and business activities; to certain civic projects; and to his extensive correspondence with Blumentritt, Joest, Rost, Meyer, Knuttel, Kheil, and other scientist of Europe.

Describing his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt:

I shall tell you how we live here. I have three houses: one square, another hexagonal, and a third octagonal, all of bamboo, wood, and nipa. In the square house we live, my mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew and I, in the octagonal live my boys or some good youngsters whom I teach arithmetic, Spanish, and English; and in the hexagonal live my chickens. From my house, I hear the murmur of a crystal-clear brook, which comes from the high rocks; I see the seashore, the sea where I have small boats, two canoes or barotos, as they say there. I have many

As a Physician, Rizal provided free consultation and medicine to his patients that are underprivileged. He also had patients who are wealthy who paid him well for his excellent surgical skills.

Talisay Water System (Rizal’s Dam and Aqueduct)

As an artist, Rizal sculptured a statue called “The Mother’s revenge” inspired by his dog, Syria, avenging her puppy to a crocodile which killed it. As a scientist, Rizal shared his interest in sciences and nature with his students. They explored the forests and searched for specimens which he sent to museums in Europe. One of the most significant contributions of Rizal in the field of science is his discovery of three species:

Rhacophorus

As an engineer, Rizal constructed a waterworks system in Dapitan with the help of his pupils, the water system provided adequate yearround water supply for Rizal’s farm and household needs (Inscription). An American engineer, Mr. H.F. Cameron, praised Rizal’s engineering feat in the following words: “Another famous and wellknown water supply is that of Dapitan, Mindanao, designed and constructed by Dr. Rizal during his banishment in that municipality by the Spanish authorities... This supply comes from a little mountain stream across the river from Dapitan and follows the contour of the country for the whole distance. When one considers that Doctor Rizal had no explosives with which to blast the hard rocks and no resources save his own ingenuity, one cannot help but honor a man, who against adverse conditions, had the courage and tenacity to construct the aqueduct which had for its bottom the flutted tiles from the house roofs, and was covered with concrete made from lime burned from the sea coral. The length of this aqueduct is several kilometers, and it winds in and out among the rocks and is carried across gullies in bamboo pipes upheld by rocks or brick piers to the distribution reservoir” (Zaide, 2008).

Apogonia rizali (Small Beetle)

Rizal also partakes in civic works in Dapitan. Upon arriving in the province, he noticed its poor condition. He drained the marshes of Dapitan to get rid of malaria-carrying mosquitoes. He also provided lighting system – coconut oil lamps posted in dark streets – in the province out of what he earned from being a physician. He beautified Dapitan by remodeling the town plaza, with the aid of his Jesuit teacher, Fr. Francisco Sanchez, and created a relief map of Mindanao right in front the church.

MARC ANTHONY VICENTE

Picture of GovernorGeneral euloGio DesPujol

Casa Redonda

rizali (Rare Frog)

Draco rizali (Flying Dragon)

Talisay Water System

Romantic Affair

with Josephine Bracken

With Rizal being alone in Dapitan, he felt sad and despair for missing his family, doubled upon the announcement of Leonor Rivera’s death. Little did he know, he will meet an 18-year-old girl named Josephine Bracken. Rizal and Bracken fell in love with each other and agreed to be married in just one month. However, there is a need of permission from the Bishop of Cebu so they made their vows in their own way. Josephine eventually became pregnant but gave birth to a one-month premature baby boy who only live for three hours, his name was Francisco, named after Rizal’s Father.

Katipunan seek Rizal’s Advice

Before the revolution started, the leader of Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio, seek the advice of Jose Rizal. The group sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela as a representative to visit and inform Rizal about their plan to start a revolution. After being Informed Rizal objected Bonifacio’s idea for two reasons:

1. 2.

Filipinos are not ready for such a bloody revolution; and The Katipunan lacked machinery for plotting a revolution.

Valenzuela also told Rizal their plan to rescue him but disagreed because he honors his word to the authorities.

Rizal Left Dapitan in the midnight of July 31, 1896

Rizal and

exchanged their vows

this

This cross, located across Rizal’s landing site at Dapitan, marks the start of Catholicism in the island.

St. James Church

This was Rizal’s place of worship.

Rizal’s Kitchen

Casa Cuadrada

This is the dormitory of Rizal’s Pupils. Lover’s Rock

Bracken

on

rock

Stairway to Lover’s Rock

(A Josefina)

Rizal RizalLife

EDITOR’S NOTE

AMF Magazine is the official publication of Animeydee. It is an online magazine the provides the life of the Philippines’ National Hero, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal starting from his first and second travel abroad, his court trial and exile in Dapitan up to in his execution and issues about him. This online magazine is free to access.

Group 6

PHOTO REFERENCE

https://www.rappler.com/moveph/151213-jose-rizal-

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen. wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEulogio_Despujol_y_ https://eyeofthetiger25.wordpress.com/rizal-in-dapitan/