CONTENTS
1
Important Information
P2
Operation Step by step
P3
Parts List
P4
Power Pack with Wire Connector and Cranked Dynamo
P5
Learning about the Physical principles
P6-10
Tips and Tricks for Model Building
P11
Operation Step by Step
P12
Model 1 – Race Car
P13-14
Model 2 – Flying Trike
P15-16
Model 3 – Locator Car
P17-18
Model 4 – Satellite Car
P19-20
Model 5 – Propeller Plane
P21-22
Model 6 – Drilling Car
P23-24
Model 7 – Bulldozer
P25-26
Model 8 – Space Station
P27-28
Model 9 – Machine Drill
P29-30
Model 10 – Gymnast
P31-32
Model 11 – Flashlight
P33-34
Important Information Important Information 1. Please read these instructions carefully before you begin, follow the safety guidelines and keep them for reference. We recommend making the models in the order given. This will help you understand how the parts are assembled; you will then be able to invent many more models. 2. This kit is for children over 8 years of age. It was designed to help children discover how electricity works while making a variety of models. 3. Make sure children follow the safety guidelines and understand the possible risks involved before starting to build these models. 4. Caution! Never insert wire-connectors or other components into an electrical socket as this can cause electrical shock and injury or serious property damage. Only use the batteries recommended for this kit. 5. Dispose the exhausted lithium battery of the Cranked dynamo (according to local regulations) when its ability to accept a charge becomes diminished. Only the lithium battery (LIR2032) is allowed to be used. Non-rechargeable mercury batteries (CR2032) might cause serious damages when being charged. 6. Cleaning: * Before cleaning, remove the batteries * Wipe clean with a damp cloth only. * Never use detergent.
WARNING This toy is not suitable for children under 3 years of age. It contains small parts that could be swallowed. Keep this toy out of reach of very young children.
SAFETY GUIDELINES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Insert batteries according to +/- symbols. Only use the recommended batteries. Do not use Nickel Cadmium rechargeable batteries. Replace all the batteries at the same time. Do not mix old and new batteries. Do not mix alkaline and standard carbon-zinc, or rechargeable (nickel-cadmium) batteries. 7. Do not attempt to recharge non-rechargeable batteries. 8. Do not short-circuit the supply terminals or throw in fire. 9. Remove batteries during long periods of non-use. 10. Never leave worn out batteries connected – they might leak and damage items. 11. Use only one battery box or battery connector in any circuit. 12. Batteries are classified as Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and should be disposed of safely when no longer required.
2
Operation Step by step ●
How to change the lithium rechargeable battery (LIR2032)：
NOTES 1. This battery should be changed only when it becomes weak, after 500 loadings at least. 2. The operation must be done by an adult.
1
●
2
Push down the battery.
3
It fixes with a snap.
How to take out the lithium battery：
1
3
Put the battery in the battery holder.
Remove the four screws with a small screwdriver (not included)
2
Open Case
3
Depress metal clip
4
Remove and replace battery
Parts List 1
x2
2
x4
9
14
x2
10
15
x2
20
x 53
21
x4
22
x2
x2
x 20
23 x1
3
x2 16
4
x2
5
x2
6
24
x2
11
x2
17 x1
x2
x1 7
12
18
25
x1 x4
x1 8
13
x1
19
26
x4 x2 NO
PARTS NAMES
x2
PCS
NO
PARTS NAMES
x1 PCS
1
S DR.AXLE
2
16
RACING TIRE
2
2
5-HOLE ROD
4
17
XL DR.AXLE
1
3
DUAL ROD
2
18
GEAR FIXING
4
4
ROD
2
19
O RING L
2
5
L DR.AXLE
2
20
90 DEGREE CONVERTER - R
2
6
SQUARE FRAME
2
21
M CHAIN GEAR
2
7
CRANKED DYNAMO
1
22
PEG
8
SHORT FRAME
4
23
M DR. AXLE
1
9
20
S CHAIN GEAR
2
24
L CHAIN GEAR
2
10
90 DEGREE CONVERTER-L
2
25
PEG / AXLE REMOVER
1
11
POWER PACK with WIRE CONNECTOR
1
26
CAM CONNECTOR
1
12
CRANK
1
13
L PULLEY
2
14
UNIT CHAIN
15
BENDED ROD
TOTAL： 122 PCS
53 4
4
Power Pack with Wire Connector and Cranked Dynamo ●
Power Pack with Wire Connector:
MOTOR
Set A
Set B Set C
AXLE X
Fig. 1 - Gear box
The interior structure of the Power Pack is shown on Fig.1. When the motor is activated the power is transmitted from the motor to the gear box. The overall gear ratio of the system is 32 to 1. If the motor turns at 3200 rpm, the axle X in this system will turn at 100 rpm.
●
The Cranked Dynamo: The interior structure of the Cranked dynamo is shown on Fig. 2.
Crank
The cranked dynamo contains a 3.6V lithium rechargeable battery (LIT 2032 or LOR2032H), to be changed after 500 or mores loadings, if it becomes weaker. There are 3 gear sets included in the Cranked dynamo. Gear Set A gives a gear ratio 10 to 58. Gear Set B gives a gear ratio 12 to 52. Gear Set c gives a gear ratio 10 to 48.
Dynamo
Set A
Set B
Set C
Fig.2 Cranked Dynamo
The overall gear ratio of the system is 10/58 x 12/52 x 10/48, that is 1 to 120.64. This means, if you turn the crank at a speed of 100 rpm (100 rounds per minute), the dynamo will turn at 12,000 rpm. It can produce electricity 7-9 V. There is also a switch control on the outside of the Cranked dynamo (refer to Fig.13 for its position), which can make your vehicle go forward when you set the switch at the symbol “ ”, or backward when you set the switch at the symbol “ ” . The Cranked dynamo itself can work as a flashlight when you set the switch to the symbol “ ” .
Fig.3 Switch Control
The symbol "
" ------- Light on
The symbol "
" ------- Forward
The symbol "
" ------- Off
The symbol "
" ------- Backward
Fig.4
5
Learning about the Physical principles
1.Introduction The Cranked dynamo Vehicles are fun scientific toys! When you rotate the crank on the Cranked dynamo, you can generate and store your own electricity. With the transparent box of the Cranked dynamo, it’s easy to see how electricity is generated and stored, as well as the scientific principles. It's environment-friendly and interesting!
2. Energy and Work 2-1 The energy and work conversion NOTHING IS LOST, NOTHING IS CREATED, EVERYTHING IS CONVERTED. In one sentence, this is all there is to know about energy. Let's see what it means: What is energy? We all have some intuitive notion of energy; let's try to make it more precise. Energy: a 'quantity' that can produce work (motion, heat, etc.). Then - what is work? When a force is applied on an object to cause displacement, the displacement is work applied on an object. Work is applying a force to overcome resistance, and to move the object the same direction of the force. For example, if you have to carry a 18 kgs - 40 lbs bag, you pull it upward with a constant force of 18kgs - 40 lbs (its weight does not change). But if you have to carry this bag over 27m - 30 yards, it is 10 times more work than carrying it over 2.7m - 3 yards. The type of energy linked to motion is kinetic energy. Another kind if energy is thermal energy. When you heat the water in a pot, you are transferring heat produced by burning gas or electricity. The water becomes hotter, the pot too and they start giving out heat to the environment: it is hotter in the kitchen. And all children know that hot (heated) pots like to give heat to your fingers‌ Ouch!
2-2 Chemical potential energy It is not always easy to store or to accumulate energy. In batteries for example, the chemical potential energy is converted into electric energy for work. What is chemical energy? Inside the battery are two tiny electrodes, coated with two chemicals with opposite electrical "trends" (natural propensity to become loaded positively or negatively). When the battery is used, the electrodes try to equalize their potentials, for this purpose they exchange tiny particles.
6
Learning about ‌
2-3 The principles of energy conservation Energy exists in various forms, but cannot be created or destroyed. The only thing that can happen with energy is that it can change from one form to another. This is referred as the law of conservation of energy, saying “the total energy in the universe is constant�. However, we find in our daily lives that energy seems to be not conserved. A swaying pendulum, for example, eventually stops. In other words, the force energy continuously decreases with the motion. The reduced energy with each swaying motion is very small due to the friction between the pendulum and the air, and converted into heat energy. This phenomenon is called energy dissipation.
3. Can you store energy? The rechargeable batteries are capable of inversing the process (conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy) when electrical energy is "invested": connect them to an electrical source that forces the particles each to go back to the original electrode. We will have to invest more electricity that the battery can give, but the good thing about batteries is that we can take them with us wherever we go, also in places where there are no plugs. In mechanical watches, when you wind the stem, you give (potential) energy to the springs inside, that will be released slowly and turn the gears.
Fig.5 A cranked music box
The activities of our daily lives continuously consume energy, so that we can produce work (starting by keeping our bodies' temperature). The energy source of our bodies is food, biochemically burned to allow the body's activities. Food allows us to produce work, and part of it is stocked (among others, as fat and as ATP/ADP, a universal energy donor and the main source of energy of the cells). The Cranked dynamo is both a fun and scientific toy! As you turn the crank, electricity is created and stored.
Fig.6 The Cranked Dynamo
7
Learning about ‌
4. The principles of the Cranked dynamo (applying work and storing energy)
T4 T2 T3
Fig. 7 Remove the crank, the dynamo with its gears can be seen through the upper cover.
T1
Fig. 8 The dynamo can receive energy through the connected gears by turning the crank, either clockwise or counterclockwise.
4-1 The Cranked dynamo transforms the hand-rotational energy to the operational energy of the dynamo. That is to say, when the crank is rotated 1 revolution, the axle of the Cranked dynamo turns 120 rounds. If the crank is rotated at a speed of 100 rpm, the revolution speed of the dynamo will reach 9000 rpm and produce a current, with the voltage of about 7-9V to rapidly charge the battery.
(T4)
(T3)
10T
48T
12T
(T2)
(T1)
10T
52T
58T 1 round
120,64 rounds
Fig. 9
8
Learning about … When the crank is turned with a different direction, the flow of the current generated would also be different. Therefore a special circuit is designed. Whether it is turned clockwise or counterclockwise, the current is rectified in the same direction and stored within the battery.
Fig.10 Circuit illustration of the dynamo.
4-3. The Work-Energy transformation and the stored energy Lithium battery 3.6V
Example:
Electronic symbol :
BT
+
Lithium batteries can be charged and discharged. They are used to store the electricity generated by the Cranked dynamo, and output the energy under the control of 4-level switching device to the LED or the models you assemble.
5. Conclusion Can you completely transform your hand rotating energy into electric energy? The answer is no. During the process, a part of the energy will transform into heat (such as friction heat) and dissipate. By cautious calculations, we can show that the total energy before, during and after remains constant. This is the law of conservation of energy.
6.Experiments Controlled Variables: "Controlled" variables (or "independent") are the ones we determine.
Hand-Rotation Speed
130 rpm
Rechargeable Battery
LIR 2032（40mAh）
Output Motor
30-time…
Testing Model
9
Learning about … Dependent Variables： Independent Variables：Hand-Rotation Time Dependent Variables：Model-Operation Time
Hand-Rotation Time Model-Operation Time 2'23"
2 min
4'12"
5 min
11'51"
10 min
21'02"
15 min
37'12"
20 min
47'20"
25 min
Model-Operation Time (min.)
1 min
The Interaction Between Hand-Rotation Time and Model-Operation Time 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0
47.33
45.65 37.20
21.03
2.38
0
1
45'39
4.20
2
11.85
5
10
15
20
25
Hand-Rotation Time (min.)
1. From the curve results, 20~25 minutes would charge the battery to its full capacity. 2. The generator can run for two minutes with each cranking of one minute (about 150 rounds). The maximum output duration time is 47 minutes 3. A cranking time of at least one minute is suggested. a) Very little energy is created and stored by hand cranking for less than a minute, the motor would work for a very brief time and stop. b) The lithium battery, as other rechargeable batteries, cannot be recharged forever. Usually after 500 times of battery charges, the battery-charge capability reduces. Therefore, a hand-cranking time of at least one minute is suggested.
Note: Additional description for parents and teachers. The Cranked dynamo Vehicles kit is a scientific toy that is both simple and can inspire a child's curiosity. It does not use disposable batteries, which reduces the opportunity of causing pollution to the environment. However, if you discover that the battery-charge capability has greatly reduced after the toy been used for numerous times (the lithium battery often still has a 80% battery-charge capability after using 500 times), replace it with a new rechargeable lithium battery (LIR2032 3.6V or LIR2032H 3.6V). DO NOT replace with an ordinary one-time disposable mercury battery (CR2032), as it might cause hazards when charged.
Models: Be creative and assemble your own Cranked dynamo Vehicles. Try to build: • Models using the motor to drive the wheels directly. • Models using the motor to drive the small chain gear and then using the small chain gear to drive the large chain gear. • Models using the motor to drive the large chain gear and then using the large chain gear to drive the small chain gear. • Test which models run faster (with the highest speed), and which models climb to the highest point (with the greatest torque).
10
Tips and Tricks for Model Building Fixing base grid, rods and frames
1. The peg can be used to join rods and frames (Fig. 1). 2.Frames can be connected directly to each other end to end (Fig. 2). 3.Using the end “A” of the peg/axle remover to pull a peg off as Fig. 3 shows.
Fig.1
Fig.2
Fig.3
Fixing gears Fixing gears to the frame
Arranging gear wheels in symmetry
When fixing gears onto the frame with a drive axle, be sure to keep a proper space (about 1mm) between the gear and the frames. Try to turn the gear and confirm if every gear in the gear train can turn smoothly so that the least friction will be created and then the most efficient power transmission can be expected (Fig. 4 & 5).
When you use a power pack to drive a wheeled vehicle, the gear wheels should be arranged in symmetry (the holes on the two opposite chain gear wheels must be kept in a horizontal line) and be kept at the same driven speed, or the motor will stall and the vehicle won't move (Fig. 8).
√ (with a space)
X (without a space)
two holes must be TIP! These kept in a horizontal line.
Fig.8 Fig.4
Fig.5
Gear fixing
Meshing gears at 90°
Gear fixings are designed to prevent a pulley or gear from moving along the axle, or slipping.They are easy to be installed without removing any wheel or axle (Fig. 6).
Fig.6
Lengthening drive axles Use a chain gear to connect two drive axles to lengthen when necessary (Fig. 7).
When the two red gears mesh with each other at 90°the one on the drive axle must be assembled as close as possible to the outer end of the axle so that the mesh can be ensured (Fig. 9).
Connecting unit chains Ensure to get the face of each unit chain when connecting them to one another as a drive chain so that the transmission can be done efficiently and smoothly (Fig. 10).
Face
Fig.7 Fig.10
11
Fig.9
Operation Step by Step â—?
How to Play Cranked Dynamo Vehicles
Step 1
Take the cranked dynamo out of the model car.
Step 2
Turn the switch of the cranked dynamo to off (symbo " " ).
Step 3
Crank the dynamo about 150 rounds.
Step 4
Put the dynamo back to the model car.
Plug the wire connector, of which one end is fixed to the power pack, into the dynamo. The dynamo can supply electricity for running the car about 30 meters or working the machine more than 3 minutes.
Step 5
Step 6
Shift the switch of the dynamo to the symbol " " and the car will run forward.
the switch of the dynamo to the Step 7 Shift symbol " " and the car will run backward.
Note: When the electricity runs out, just turn off the switch and turn the crank again at least one minute, the dynamo will produce the electricity
Step 8
The Cranked Dynamo itself can work as a torch. When you shift the switch to the symbol " ", the three LED on the Cranked Dynamo will light up for more than 15 minutes.
to run the model vehicle again.
12
Model 1 – Race Car X4
X1
X44 X4
X1
X2
X2 X18
X2
X2
X1
X4
X2
X2
X2 X1
X2
X3
X2
X1
2
2
8
13
3
4
6
5
X2
X1
1. The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2. Leave a 1mm gap between the gear fixing and the long frame for the wheel to turn smoothly. 3. Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
3
Notes for Assembly
1
X2
Parts Needed
Race Car
1
X2
7
9
Model 1 – Race Car 10
11
12
13
15 16
14
17
18
20
21
19
22
x44
23
Completed
14
Model 2 – Flying Trike X4
X1
X39 X4
X2
X2 X2
X2 X2
X1
X4 X1
X1
X1
X2 X1
X16
X2 X2
X2 X1 X1
X2
X2
X1
Parts Needed
Flying Trike
1
X2
2
1.The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
Notes for Assembly 2
1
3
4
7
15
5
8
6
9
Model 2 – Flying Trike 10
11
12
15 13
14
17
18
19
16
20
21 22
23 Completed x39
16
Model 3 – Locator Car X4
X1
X33 X4
X2 X2
X2 X1
X4 X1
X2
X20
X2
X2
X2
X1
X1
X2
X2
X4
X2
X1
X2
Parts Needed
Locator Car
1
2
1. The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2. Leave a 1mm gap between the gear fixing and the long frame for the wheel to turn smoothly. 3. Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
2
Notes for Assembly 1
5
8
17
X1
2
3
6
4
7
9
10
Model 3 – Locator Car 11
12
14
13
15
17
18
20
16
19
21
x33
Completed
18
Model 4 – Satellite Car X4
X1
X31 X4
X2
X2 X2
X2
X1
X2
X1
X20
X2
X1
X4
X2
X2 X2
X3
X2
X1
X2
X2
Parts Needed
Satellite Car
1
X2
2
1.The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
Notes for Assembly 2
1
5
10
19
6
3
7
11
4
8
9
12
X1
Model 4 – Satellite Car 13
14
16
15
17
18
21
19
22
20
x31
23
26
24
25
27
Completed
20
Model 5 – Propeller Plane X4
X1
X47 X4
X1
X2 X2
X2 X13 X1
X4 X1
X2
X1
X1 X2
X2 X2
X4
X2
X1
X2
X2
Parts Needed
Propeller Plane
1
X1
2
1.The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
Notes for Assembly 1
2
4
6
5
7
21
3
8
X1
Model 5 – Propeller Plane 9
10
11
14
12
13
16
15
17
19 20
18
x47
22 21
Completed
22
Model 6 – Drilling Car X3
X1
X43 X3
X1
X2
X2 X16
X2
X1
X2
X2 X2
X1
X2
X1
X2
X4
X2
X1
X2
Parts Needed
Drilling Car 1
X2
X2
2
1.The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
Notes for Assembly 1
23
2
3
4
5
7
8
6
To fix the position of S Chain Gear.
9
X1
Model 6 – Drilling Car 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
x43
22
Completed
24
Model 7 – Bulldozer X4
X1
X46 X4
X1
X2 X2
X2 X18 X1
X4 X1
X2
X1
X2 X2
X2 X2
X4
X2
X1
X2
X2
Parts Needed
Bulldozer 1
X2
2
1.The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
Notes for Assembly
2
1
4
5
7
25
3
6
8
X1
Model 7 – Bulldozer 10
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
x46
21
22
Completed
26
Model 8 – Space Station X4
X1
X48 X4
X2
X2 X2
X4
X2
X2
X1
X2
X18
X1
X1 X2
X2
X1
X2
X2
X1
Parts Needed
Space Station 1
X2
X2
2
1.The chain gears should be well meshed with each other in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly.
Notes for Assembly
27
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Model 8 – Space Station 10
11
12
x48
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20 21
22
23
Completed
28
Model 9 – Machine Drill X4
X1 X38
X4
X1
X2 X2
X1
X2
X1
X13
X2 X4
X2
X1
X1
X2
X1
Parts Needed
Machine Drill 1
X2
X2
2
1.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.The L Dr. Axle should not stick out of the blue L Pulley or it will interfere the cranking.
Notes for Assembly 1
5
2
6
3
7
4
8
x38
29
Model 9 – Machine Drill 10
9
11
12
13 15
14
17
18
16
19
20
Completed
30
Model 10 – Gymnast X4
X1
X2
X1
X38
X3
X4 X2
X2
X18
X1 X2
X2 X4
X2
X1
X1
X1
Parts Needed
Gymnast
1
X1
2
1.Note that the gears are to be aligned in order for the chain to operate smoothly. 2.When assembling, the Peg should touch the end of the Gear Fixing to make the athlete rotate more realistically.
Notes for Assembly 2
1
4
7
31
3
5
8
6
9
10
Model 10 – Gymnast 11 12
13
14 15
16
17 18
19
x38
20
Completed
32
Model 11 – Flashlight X4
X1
X2
2
1
33
X1
3
5
4
6
X4
Parts Needed
Flashlight
7
X1
X4
X2
8
X2
X20
X1
Model 11 – Flashlight 10
9
12
13
15
18
16
11
14
17
19
Completed
34