GREEN ENERGY
# 7439
WATER POWER MINI 2.0 Discover the Driving Force of Water
Your own
r
Sports Ca Cool!
Here we go!
8+ 47 AGES
PIECES
6
MODELS
— TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ti p
Table of Contents.............................................................. 1 Kit Contents...................................................................... 2 Important Information...................................................... 3 COMPOSITION FROM PAGE 5 Water Car............................................................ Check It Out: What's Happening?.......................... Sports Car........................................................... Check It Out: Reflection in Nature and Technology. Water Boat .......................................................... Race Boat............................................................ Sprinkler............................................................. Water Gun........................................................... Check It Out: Compressed Air...............................
You can find additional information in the “check it out” sections on pages 9, 15 and 33
5 9 11 15 17 19 25 29 33
You will also need: Lots of water and a set of changeable clothes, because you will get wet.
Checklist: Find - Inspect - Check off NO. Description
Qty. Item No.
NO. Description
B-SHORT PEG
7
7344-W10-C2B1
12
C-LITTLE AIR WATER SET
1
7389-W85-A1D
2
C-STATIC AXLE CONNECTOR
8
1187-W10-E1K
13
C-OD15.8 FLAT O-RING
1
R12-05
3
C-20mm AXLE CONNECTOR
1
7413-W10-T1B
14
C-PLASTIC BOTTLE
1
7389-W85-C1
4
C-TWO-IN-ONE FIXTURE
1
7445-W10-D1S
15
C-RELEASE CLIP
1
7389-W85-B1R
5
C-1-HOLE CONNECTOR
2
7430-W10-B1B
16
C-80mm TUBE B
1
1155-W85-16
6
C-3 HOLE ROD
2
7026-W10-Q2D
17
C-FRONT FIXING RIM
1
7389-W10-B2D
7
C-5 HOLE ROD
2
7413-W10-K2D
18
C-WHEEL W/O COATING
4
880-W10-Q1Y
8
C-5 HOLE DUAL ROD
2
7413-W10-X1D
19
C-LARGE BODY PIECE A
1
7446-W10-A1B
9
C-9 HOLE ROD
2
7407-W10-C1D
20
C-SMALL BODY PIECE RIGHT
1
7446-W10-A3B
10
C-30mm AXLE Ⅱ
4
7413-W10-N1D
21
C-SMALL BODY PIECE LEFT
1
7446-W10-A2B
11
C-100mm AXLE Ⅱ
2
7413-W10-L2D
22
B-PEG REMOVER
1
7061-W10-B1Y
Ti p
easy
medium
hard
Above each set of assembly instructions, you will find a bar. It shows you the difficulty level for the model's assembly. 1
Qty. Item No.
1
Hoorayg!in!
— L e t 's
be
— WATER POWER MINI 2.0 — KIT CONTENTS
Wow!
— A lo t o f p a r ts !
What's inside your experiment kit: 1
2 8
5
3
6 7
4 9
10 11
12
Ti p
13
14
You will find the transparent 80mm TUBE B (part 16) in the screw cap of the LITTLE AIR WATER SET.
15 16 19 18
22 17
20 21
2
— IMPORTANT INFORMATION
!!
WARNING!
ed small par ts may be swallow er 3 years. Choking hazard — . tion rma Not suitable for children und info nt contain importa ing and instructions as they or inhaled. Keep the packag
WARNING!
ch Only to be used in water in whi
the child is within its depth and
under adult supervision.
WARNING!
er adult supervision. Please d 8 years and older. Use und Only for use by children age m for reference. ly before use and follow the read the instructions careful Do not aim at eyes or face. For the water gun:
WARNING!
Dear Researchers, Please read the instructions carefully. This will allow you to avoid possible dangers!
Correct handling of the components and models → So you enjoy using your experimental kit, you should include Note: Even if some components are small, they can be very important for building various models. Therefore, pay close attention to the parts that are not needed by the model and put them in a sealable bag. → In the process of operating the model, water will splash out. Therefore, when experimenting, you can choose to be in a humid place (such as in the bathroom). After the experi-
Ti p 3
ment, please wipe the model and keep it dry. Of course, you can also experiment happily outdoors.
Playing in the Water → If you want to try the models on a outdoor territorial waters, please note two things: Don't play alone in the water. If there is a situation, for example, in case you accidentally fall into the water, someone can immediately notice. Therefore, it is critical to ask an adult to accompany you. Second, you should tie the boat with a cord or string. Even if they go far away, they will not be lost.
You need the PEG REMOVER to remove the previous model. It has TWO DIFFERENT SIDES for different functions.
— WATER POWER MINI 2.0 — IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Dear Parents and Adults, Children want to explore, understand, and create new things. They want to try things and do it by themselves. They want to gain knowledge! They can do all of this with Gigo experiment kits. With every single experiment, they grow smarter and more knowledgeable.
— Before beginning the experiments, read through the instructions along with your child, discuss the safety notes, and keep them on hand for reference. In the complex setup and experiment process, please accompany your child with help and suggestions all steps. This product contains very small parts, be careful not to lose any parts. — If your children are working on the table, please give them a work mat to protect the furniture. — Water is an essential part of this product, and none of the models work properly without water. Water is sprayed from a small nozzle in most experiments. Make sure that your child only experiments in humid places, such as bathroom, or outside of course. — If your child wants to test the model in outdoor territorial waters, please make sure to have an adult accompanied. We hope you and your child have lots of fun in water power.
Have Fun!
4
Wow…
— How does it work?
r
W a ter Ca
Are you ready? For now, it starts with the first model of water power. First, you will build a simple car to understand the excellent functions and effects of LITTLE AIR WATER SET and PLASTIC BOTTLE.
5
— Water Car ASSEMBLY
9
1
11
1 2 x
2x
4 x 12
14
13
1x
1x
1x
15
16
17
18
1x
1x
1x
4x
3
2
4
CAU TION! When you combine it, please make sure that the 80mm TUBE B touches the bottom of the PLA STIC BOT TLE .
6
ASSEMBLY
5
6
Ti p Don't push the WHEEL W/O COATINGS too firmly against the frame. It has to leave about 1 mm of space between the WHEEL W/O COATINGS and 9 HOLE RODS, and they are able to spin freely.
Done! 7
— Water Car EXPERIMENT
1
You will need Your water car, some water and a route that can get wet.
Here's how 1. Remove the PLASTIC BOTTLE from the model, fill it with half of water and put it back. When installing, make sure that the 80mm TUBE B is bent so that it could touches the lower wall of the bottle. 2. Apply pressure 50 to 60 times to build pressure in the bottle. 3. Place the model on a firm surface route that can get wet, and then remove the RELEASE CLIP from the model. The mixture of air and water will be poured out of the back and the car will shoot forward.
1
4. Now repeat the experiment without filling the bottle with water. What is the effect?
2
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? After removing the RELEASE CLIP, the air/water mixture will escape from the nozzle in high speed and the model will shoot forward. On the next page, you will find the reason for this situation and why the car can barely move forward when there is only air in the PLASTIC
Ti p 80mm TUBE B touches the lower inner wall of the PLASTIC BOTTLE. Otherwise, only air may escape from the nozzle. If air or water effluences from the bottle, check that the OD15.8 FLAT O-RING is properly seated and the PLASTIC BOTTLE is tightened. Make sure the
BOTTLE.
8
?!
CHECK IT OUT
— You may have experienced the power supply of car models in your daily life. If you inflate a balloon and leave hold of, the balloon will fly around the room. Because of the air pressure inside the inflatable balloon is more than the outside air pressure, and this phenomenon is caused by trying to balance the pressure difference between inside and outside. As long as you close the opening of the balloon, the internal air will press against the elastic outer wall. Once you leave hold of the balloon, the air will flow out of the balloon at a very high speed. The same thing happens to your car. ?
What H a p p e ne d There?
But Why Do
or
Wh
W ha t' s th e Us e of
Wa ter?
a car with — If you try to drive ly and don't use compressed air on car can't move. water, you will find and reac tion force Because of the force pend on the mass in the experiment de yed by the nozzle. of the material spra ty of water is much And since the quali ality, the force that higher than air's qu rd is also greater. drives the car for wa
Ti p You can find more information about "Reflection in Nature and Technology" on page 15.
9
a l l o o n s F en
ly
B
riv D yC e a n Yo u r C a r B Reaction Force Balloon rise
Force air Outflow
BALANCE = Balance of power
— The discharged air will produce a reaction force of the same magnitude, and the reaction force is opposite to the direction in which the air is discharged. Therefore, when air is discharged from the back of the balloon, the balloon will accelerate in the opposite direction.
— Water Car EXPERIMENT
2
You will need Your PLASTIC BOTTLE with LITTLE AIR WATER SET, marshmallows, a piece of soft toast, and a solid object like a cube
Here's how 1. Cut a small piece of marshmallow and put it in the PLASTIC BOTTLE (Get help from adults). Assemble the PLASTIC BOTTLE and LITTLE AIR WATER SET together and put the RELEASE CLIP on the nozzle. Now pumping about 80 times. Check the marshmallows. Has it changed? Then remove the RELEASE CLIP and see what happens. 2. Repeat the experiment. This time, put the cube, marble or similar solid into the PLASTIC BOTTLE.
1
2
3. Now repeat the experiment again, this time, put a piece of soft toast into the PLASTIC BOTTLE. 4. Then wash the PLASTIC BOTTLE.
3
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? The more air pumped into the PLASTIC BOTTLE, the smaller the marshmallow. When you open the RELEASE CLIP, it will expand again until it returns originally. This is very similar to the air you pump into the LITTLE AIR WATER SET. The more water is pumped, the higher the degree of compression. On the other hand, cubes or marbles presents like water. No matter how often you pump, they will not change shape and size. Although the toast is soft, it does not change its shape. Because it is breathable, the pressure inside and outside the toast increases evenly.
10
Sp
Wow …
orts — So fast!
r a C
Are you ready for assembling another car model? The operation of the sports car is similar to the previous model, except that you don't need the 80mm TUBE B here. Here we go! 11
— Sports Car ASSEMBLY
5
4
2
1
7
6
1 6x
7x
1x
8
9
2x
2x
14
15
2x 11
2x 17
2x
2x
12
13
1x
1x 18
19
20
21
2 1x
1x
1x
4x
1x
1x
1x
3
take out the tube inside if any.
4
5
6
12
ASSEMBLY
7
8
9
Done
13
Done!
— Sports Car EXPERIMENT
3
You will need Your sports car, some water and a route that can get wet.
Here's how 1. Repeat the experiment 1 steps 1 to 3 (page 8). 2. Now try different amounts of water in your PLASTIC BOTTLE. What effect does it have on the range and speed of the sports car? Write the result in the table.
PLASTIC BOTTLE capacity No water in the PLASTIC BOTTLE Fill 1/5 PLASTIC BOTTLE of the water (About 30ml) Fill 2/5 PLASTIC BOTTLE of the water (About 60ml) Fill 3/5 PLASTIC BOTTLE of the water (About 90ml) Fill 4/5 PLASTIC BOTTLE of the water (About 120ml) PLASTIC BOTTLE filled with water
Range (m)
1
Estimated speed (slow/medium/fast)
2
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? When you fill the PLASTIC BOTTLE with 2/5 to 3/5 (60-90 ml), you will find that your car is driving the fastest and the longest. Obviously, the reason is: If the bottle is out of space, the thrust of the water will be exhausted quickly, only the air will flow out of the nozzle, and the car will not drive away (see page 9). On the other hand, if you fill most or all of the bottle with water, you can only inject a small amount of air into the bottle. This will quickly equalize the pressure in the bottle. However, if the bottle is not overpressured, it will not produce propulsion.
14
?!
CHECK IT OUT
R e f l ec t i o n
— As you learned in previous experiments and described on
in Nature Technolo and gy
page 9 of these instructions, the loop principle is often used in nature and technology. Where and how can you find these two pages.
IN
SPACE
— To date, practically all rockets are propelled by recoil. This is because other types of propulsion, such as jet engines, would not work at all in space. Because these suck in air, compress it and expel it again at great speed. That would not work in space, because there is a vacuum there, so there is no air to suck in. On the other hand, rocket drives have everything they need for propulsion on board. A substance is burned inside the rocket
— An Atlas V rocket launched from Cape Canaveral
and pressed out of a nozzle at high pressure. Rockets are of course a little more complicated, but work on the same principle as your water power models.
round G e O n th
— Long before humanity explored space, rocket propulsion systems were built into cars - in the pursuit of new speed records. The first trip of a rocket car was held in 1928 in Germany. Since then, more powerful rocket engines are always installed in cars. In 1997, the rocket car ThrustSSC reached a speed of 1,228 km / hr, that was the first car which went faster than the speed of sound. This car doesn't look like a car, it's closer to the appearance of a rocket. It is 16 meters long, 3.7 meters wide and weighs 10 tons.
— The two rock et engines together produc e 110,000 hp
15
— Check It Out - Reflection in Nature and Technology
IN THE
rl o A nimal W
— Octopuses usually move
d
by crossing their arms on the ground. However, when they have to move quickly, for example, when they bump into the enemy and want to es-
cape, they resort to the recoil principle. To do this, the animals suck water into their mantle cavity. Then, they press the water at high pressure through a nozzle - just like your models, the resulting re-
— Octopus relies on recoil principle to swim backward.
coil pushes the octopus forward in the opposite direction. By changing the position of their "nozzle", the animals can change their direction in a targeted manner. So that you can also say your model has an octopus drive.
I n t he
all — This plant is back. placed behind the
Plant World — There are also some plants that adopt the recoil principle. It's not to move the plant itself, it's spread own seeds in other ways as much as possible, such as the rather inconspicuous peat moss. When their seeds mature, they create overpressure in the capsule. If the pressure is too great, they will explode. In this way, the plant successfully accelerates the spreading seeds speed up to 130 km/hr. Thus, shooting the seeds high enough to prevent the disturbing from wind, and they can transport continuously.
16
Oh‌
— Are we playing in the water there?
Wa
t a t e r Bo
After you've tested so far your Experimentierkasten on the road or the race track. Now, it's time for you to experiment with two kinds of ship models. The best time to use these models is in a paddling pool, a large tub or your bathtub.
17
— Water Boat ASSEMBLY
2
1
8
9
10
1 2x
2x
4x
12
13
14
15
1x
1x
4x
2x
x2
1x
1x
16
18
20
21
1x
4x
1x
1x
2 3
x2 x2
CAU TION! When you assemble the PLA STIC BOT TLE , make sure that the 80mm TUBE B is bent so that it could touches the lower wall of the PLA STIC BOT TLE .
4
18
ASSEMBLY
5
6
Done! 19
el CAU TION! To keep your mod er, you from being lost on the wat and can tie the boat with a rope the grab it at the beginning of ed experiment. When the stor ly energy is gone, you can easi t. boa the h catc
— Water Boat EXPERIMENT
4
You will need Your boat model, some water and one of territorial waters where the boat can float on the water.
Here's how 1. Remove the PLASTIC BOTTLE from the model, and fill it with half of water, and then assemble it back. When you assemble it back, make sure that the 80mm TUBE B is bent so that it could touches the lower wall of the PLASTIC BOTTLE.
1
2. Use LITTLE AIR WATER SET build up pressure about 50 to 60 times in the PLASTIC BOTTLE. 3. Put the boat into the water and remove the RELEASE CLIP.
2
4. Now repeat the experiment, but change the position of the nozzle before removing the RELEASE CLIP.
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? After removing the RELEASE CLIP, the air/water mixture escaped from the nozzle at high speed, causing the model to shoot forward.
3
Ti p Make sure that the 80mm TUBE B touches
the lower inner wall of the PLASTIC BOTTLE, otherwise, only air may escape from the nozzle. If air or water escapes from the PLASTIC BOTTLE, check that the OD15.8 FLAT ORING is properly placed and the PLASTIC BOTTLE is tightened.
left
right
4 try your model to a WAR NIN G! If you want to with adult only use , lake or r pond, rive e can help in an eon som that so supervision, emergency.
20
Wow …
— So sheek!
Ra
t a c e Bo
It's time to make the second boat model! This one is sleeker than the first boat you built, so it may glide through the water a little faster than the barge. Here we go! 21
— Race Boat ASSEMBLY
1
12
M1-1
13
1 3x
1x
1x
14
15
16
1x
1x
1x
19
20
21
1x
1x
1x
M1-1A
2
M1-
2
3
CAU TION! When you assemble the PLA STIC BOT TLE , make sure that the 80mm TUBE B is bent so that it could touches the lower wall of the PLA STIC BOT TLE .
22
ASSEMBLY
4
5
Done! 23
— Race Boat EXPERIMENT
5
You will need Your race boat model, some water and one of territorial waters where the boat can float on the water.
Here's how 1. Repeat the experiment 4 steps 1 to 3 (page 20). 2. Now repeat the experiment, but without filling the bottle with water. Also, push the nozzle down as far as possible. Compared with the first step, what difference do you see?
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? After you removed the RELEASE CLIP, an air / water mixture escaped from the nozzle at high speed and caused your model to shoot forward. If the nozzle is submerged, this will work even if
1
there is only air in the bottle. The reason is that the escaping airflow encounters greater resistance here (the water) and
Above
therefore generates more propulsion.
Below
Ti p
2
If you want to try the models on a outdoor territorial waters, please note the information on page 3. 24
Great …
— Everything is ready now!
S prinkler
So far, after setting up and testing various modes of transportation, you might think of the idea that the role of the bottle goes far beyond driving a vehicle. Because of it, you can make yourself and others truly wet and refreshed in the warm summer. 25
— Sprinkler ASSEMBLY
3
2
1
7
6
8
1 6x
5x
1x
2x
2x 12
2x 13
9
10
2x
2x
14
15
16
17
18
1x
1x
1x
1x
2x
2
1x
1x
A
3
4
6
5
A
B
26
ASSEMBLY
7
8
10
9
B
Done! 27
— Sprinkler EXPERIMENT
6
You will need Your sprinkler model, some water and an outside area. Maybe prepare something to hold down the model.
Here's how 1. Remove the PLASTIC BOTTLE from the model, and fill it with half of water, and then assemble it back. When you assemble it back, make sure that the 80mm TUBE B is bent so that it could touches the lower wall of the PLASTIC BOTTLE. 2. Use LITTLE AIR WATER SET build up pressure about 50 to 60 times in the PLASTIC BOTTLE.
1
2
3. Place the sprinkler model on a flat surface and take something, just like two stone, holding down the model bottom if you need. To do this, it doesn't turn over while spraying. Rotate the nozzle so that it is facing up on the left. 4. Remove the RELEASE CLIP carr y out this WAR NIN G! Make sure you e it's getting experiment outside, bec aus . wet ly real
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? After you remove the RELEASE CLIP, approximately a mixture of water and air flows out of the nozzle. Because you have turned the nozzle to the top left, the force of the recoil does not act vertically but at an angle on your model. As a result, the nozzle starts to rotate counterclockwise.
3
adjust the nozzle to Turn the nozzle upper left direction. to the top left.
Ti p You can also play the rotating sprinkler with friends. First, sit in a circle and place the model in the middle. After you have carried out points 3 and 4, the PLASTIC BOTTLE begins to turn and everyone all wet. After the bottle has stopped, one of you was pointed to the nozzle, he or she has a task to do.
28
Wild …
W
— make all wet!
n ater Gu
Once you're probably already become really wet with the last model, it is time that all others are really wet. For that you build yourself on the following pages even a water pistol. Here we go! 29
— Water Gun ASSEMBLY
2
1
5
7
6
9
1 6x
8x
2x
2x
2x
2x
12
13
1x
1x
16
17
20
21
1x
1x
1x
1x
4
14
15
A
1x
1x
3 2
6 5
A
30
ASSEMBLY
7
8
9
Done! 31
WAR NIN G! Don't aim for
the eyes or the face.
— Water Gun EXPERIMENT
7
You will need Your water gun model, some water and an exterior surface that can get wet.
Here's how 1. Repeat the steps you are familiar with, to fill the water gun with compressed air. (see page 20) 2. Experiment with the number of times you pump, and look at the effect of this number on the time and distance of the water gun. Enter the experiment results in the table.
1
W H AT ' S H A PPENING? You will find that the less you have previously pumped, the less the water gun splashed the water. If you've forgotten why, you can read it again on page 9.
Number of pumping operations
Spray distance in meters
Injection time in seconds
Keywo
rd
10
20
THE INVENTOR 30
40
50
This type of water gun was invented by the American Lonnie Johnson and launched in 1991 under the name Super Soaker. Johnson is actually an air and space technician and did research on a new type of heat pump in the 1980s. When he tried these out in his bathroom, he found that his invention would make an excellent water gun. Then expand its history‌
60
32
?!
CHECK IT OUT
— COMPRESSED AIR is also used in techni-
— The organ pipes can only make sounds with compressed air
cal devices. One then speaks in the technical language of “PNEUMATIC” , which comes from the Greek and means something like “breath” or “wind” .
— PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS work with compressed air that is generated by compressors. Electrically controlled valves direct the compressed air into cylinders, the pistons of which then execute the required movement. However, compressed air can't exert too much force. As you have already learned, air has the property of being compressed. The advantage of pneumatics is that has very high working speeds can be achieved and compressed air can be controlled very well. In addition, such systems will not overload. — You have certainly seen or heard - a pneumatic hammer.
— The PNEUMATIC has wide range of applications. Often it sounds horrible like with PNEUMATIC HAMMER. But it can also sound very nice, like ORGANS, where compressed air creates the sound together with the organ pipes. Sometimes compressed air
c i t P nA eu moan? p p l i c at i Where Is the
33
also provides a comfortable suspension, as in some cars. Another application is pneumatic tubes, which used widely in the past but it's no longer common today.
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