Glamour Fashion and Beauty - Special Edition - April 2021 by Glamour Fashion and Beauty

KIMBROUGH MCARTHUR HOSHIDE PESQUET

SPECIAL EDITION

Astronaut Thomas Pesquet at the Controls of the ISS

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

Glamour Fashion and Beauty Special Edition A Socio-Cultural Magazine published in three languages: English, Arabic and French Publishing Director and Editor-in-Chief: Hayet Medjdoub Public relations USA «New York»: Flo Medjdoub Public relations France «Paris»: Alain Cotellon Director of Photography: Anh Viet Chau Design/Illustration: Amine M Layati

Credit Photo: Glamour Fashion and Beauty Shutterstock Adress: 90 Washington Street Suite 9S, New York, NY 10006 Website. www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com Advertise in the magazine Office in New York. Tel : 0016466456226 E-mail : flo@glamourfashionandbeauty.com Office in Paris. Tel : 0033611658203 © 2021 - Glamour Fashion And Beauty - All rights reserved 3

Glamour fashin & beauty

T. Pesquet

Contents

Castleski

SpaceX

Nasa

14 20

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 3

Thomas Pesquet is an astronaut with an artist eye..

e drew from the springs of science, so he paved the path of research with enthusiasm and passion that led him to the peaks of knowledge, which in turn brought him to success until he found himself an astronaut on his spacecraft. He then traveled on board to outer space for months, despite the risks, adventure and exceptional tasks were entrusted to him after lengthy training and qualification became part of his life. He loved his travels, so his camera lenses were creative in capturing the most beautiful pictures and scenes of the planet from outer space, the movement of stars and comets. Thomas Pesquet this young Frenchman, is now preparing to go on a new space trip in early 2021, the 42-year-old astronaut is the tenth French to travel to space, since his first flight in 2016-2017 on board the International Space Station (ISS). European astronaut on board an American space vehicle. Thomas Pesquet will depart on a second mission aboard the same station during the second half of 2021. He will become the first European astronaut to travel aboard an American «SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsule.» Thomas has confirmed that he will already begin intensive training at the end of March, at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, in the United States, as happened during the preparations for his first trip in 4

Glamour fashin & beauty

September of 2016. Upon arrival at the training center, this adventurer will have to go through the first stages of review to «assess his knowledge of systems and processes, which will allow the trainers to adapt to the training program in line with the requirements of this former French pilot, who first approached the outside world when he was

selected by the space agency.» In 2009, the European Union (ESA) among six candidates to form the third group of European astronauts, to become the youngest astronaut in the world. Thomas leaves nothing to chance Among the things that He will review at the International Space

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 5

Station, before taking off again outside the Earth’s atmosphere, is how to repair the various systems and devices on board in the event of a malfunction, such as maintaining the station’s heating and air conditioning system. For example during his first stay on the International Space Station, Thomas Pesquet was forced To repair broken toilets on the second day! In addition, Thomas Pesquet will try to wear his spacesuit, before testing it at the NASA Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) assembly, which is used for spacewalk training. This training lasts about six hours and allows for the anticipation of any potential risk of technical error when having to walk in space and allows practice to control levels of adrenaline and stress.

Glamour fashin & beauty

Before his first experience in space travel as part of a mission called Proxima, Thomas Pesquet had conducted a 100 experiments, half of which were developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) or the French National Center for Space Studies, and the other half by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A second space trip with memories of the first flight! In July 2020, he was chosen to undertake a second mission aboard the Crew Dragon capsule, built by the American private company SpaceX, to become the first European to travel into space aboard an American spacecraft on a highly anticipated mission called Alpha.

French astronaut spent 196 days in space during his stay, on board the International Space Station. This puts him in second place in the list of French who have traveled to space behind Jean-Pierre Haigneré who collected 209 days in space during two trips, but Thomas’ chances of being ahead of his citizens in terms of staying in space will increase by obtaining a second residence there next year accompanied by the astronaut Russian Oleg Novitskiy the commander of a spacecraft of 2.2 meters in length and 2.1 meters in diameter, the French astronaut entered space at a speed of 28 thousand kilometers per hour in November 2016, returning after 6 months and landing on the Kazakh plains, to end his mission.

Returning to his maiden flight, the

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty

What happens when he is in space ?! Today Thomas knows very well the details of staying in space, as he stated after his first flight what he missed most, besides his longing for his family, was the feeling of freedom. «Going out for hiking and cycling, going to the mountain or the sea, feeling the wind, rain and different scents contemplating the landscapes ... I crave freedom.»

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Thomas carried beautiful memories with him from space from the moment of take-off from the space station to the 16 scenes of sunrise he witnessed from there and life in zero gravity, exiting the spacecraft three times with the space suit for maintenance operations and standing in space at a distance of 400 km from Earth. Certainly, Thomas has prepared everything he needs during his space trip, he had spoken after his return from the Alpha flight that he was spending his spare time photographing the Earth from every angle, taking pictures of different landscapes, the Northern Lights, symbolic places, and more cities. Lighting and other things, the young man spent a long time communicating with the public, especially on Twitter.

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

Fun trip however! One of the most difficult cases Thomas most difficult experience is going to normal life after returning to Earth, especially since he has a lean body due to losing an important part of his muscle and bone weight, adapting to life without gravity, he has fainted due to a sharp drop in blood pressure and other health problems, which require a special health care from doctors of the European Astronaut Center in Cologne, Germany. There are great dangers travelling to space but the fun and scientific glory are worth the adventure, this is what the French astronaut Thomas Pesquet believes. Flo M 3

Glamour fashin & beauty

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

Glamour fashin & beauty

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

Thomas Pesquet will carry out the NASA and SpaceX mission aboard the Falcon 9 rocket from the Kennedy Space Center on April 23, 2021.

Glamour fashin & beauty

The training in California was very intense for one of the toughest mission.

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

The astronauts taking part in this mission are: Commander Shane Kimbrough of NASA. Pilot Megan Mc Arthur of NASA. Mission specialist Akihiko HOSHIDE of Jasca JAPAN. Mission specialist Thomas Pesquet of the european space agency ESA. He will be the Captain of the crew on board. 16

Glamour fashin & beauty

Akihiko HOSHIDE © Photography by vicspacewalker

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

Glamour fashin & beauty

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 2

NASA ... A moon that shines on the sky of science

«NASA» is an abbreviation for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which is an American agency responsible for the United States’ space program. Since its founding in 1957, during the era of former US President Dwight Eisenhower, NASA has worked on a wide range of space projects and research with a peaceful scientific dimension. The race to space has begun overheating between Russia and the United States of America. After the Soviet Union announced the launch of Sputnik-1 on October 4, 1957, as the first human-made satellite, the United States considered this a threat , threatening its technical leadership, which prompted NASA to prepare programs to discover Space, the beginning was with the Mercury program. 16 17

Glamour fashin & beauty

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

15 Glamour fashin & beauty 16

G4 communications on the surface of the Moon NASA announced at the end of October of this year that it will allocate $ 14.1 million to finance a project in partnership with Nokia a Communications Corporation, with the aim of building a 4G mobile phone network to be located near the south pole of the moon! This will not be the only goal of the astronauts of the Artemis mission, scheduled to land on the moon in 2024, but NASA is seeking through this to develop a system for generating and storing energy using materials from the moon itself. That is not, this mission will be the first since the Apollo lunar mission in 1972, which an astronaut will land on the surface of the moon, but the difference this time is that the Artemis mission will witness the successful landing of the first woman on the moon, so the members of the team will be able to Connect to Earth whenever they want, thanks to this partnership that will bring together NASA and Nokia. Of course, such amazing news about the recruitment by NASA of an outside agency is considered a very common thing since the sixties, this reach out collaboration is appreciated by the general public because it brings the awareness that has always been associated with scientific development and geniuses of scientists who have become superheroes. In fact, they are as well, perhaps to a lesser degree compared to stories provided by cinema in terms of space, but they do, through NASA, provide a noble service to all mankind, as they facilitate human life and protect the earth, to discover another space in which we may live in the future.

Mercury Program The Mercury program began in 1958 AD, it was aimed at placing a manned spacecraft in an orbital flight around earth in addition to investigating human capabilities to work in space environment, of course retrieving astronauts and spacecraft safely at the end of each mission, thus bringing NASA closer to reaching a provision : The possibility of man traveling to space with missions designed to see if a person can survive and live in space. 22

Glamour fashin & beauty

On April 9, 1959, Dr. Keith Glennan the agency’s chief executive back then announced the first crew of NASA, now known as Mercury 7 (Original Seven). The crew included three marine pilots, three pilots from the Air Force and one from the Marine Corps: Leroy Cooper, Walter Shira, Alan Shepard, Virgil Grisom, John Glenn, Donald Slayten and Malcolm Carpenter. Mercury became NASA’s first major project, its flights demonstrated that humans could live and work in space, it paved the way for Gemini and Apollo programmatic flights later, as well as many subsequent spaceflight.

The Apollo Program The Soviet Union was the first country to send a person into space, as the Russian pioneer Yuri Gagarin won that honor in 1961 he was able to enter the Earth’s orbit and revolve around it, so the United States of America had to raise the ceiling of the challenge in the framework of the so-called Cold War between them and the Soviet Union, the US President John F. Kennedy made an open challenge to the world in the same year, saying that America would be able to land astronauts on the surface of the Moon at the end of the decade. It was the most important goal of NASA’s Apollo space program, as it was able to carry out a total of 11 space flights, during which, it was able to achieve its goal of landing on the surface of the moon in intervals and in a gradual manner. The first four flights involved testing the equipment used in the Apollo program and its efficacy before landing six of the other seven flights on the surface of the moon. To carry out the mission to reach the moon as part of the Apollo program, NASA designed the Command Module, which is a capsule that can accommodate three astronauts. Another spacecraft, the Lunar Module, was also used to land on the surface of the moon, meaning that astronauts would get out of their orbit around the moon to the surface and then return to orbit, but the lunar module was only accommodating two astronauts. On July 20, 1969, during the Apollo 11 mission,

www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

Glamour fashin & beauty 19

which included Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin, an Apollo spacecraft was launched on top of the Saturn V rocket (Saturn 5). Once the spacecraft reached the moon, the two units separated from each other. Neil Armstrong walked first on the moon’s surface, then Aldrin ,while Collins remained in orbit around the moon.Neil famous phrase”That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.» President John F. Kennedy fulfilled his promise regarding the landing of humans on the surface of the moon, NASA also succeeded in this challenge with the Apollo program, this was the first time that humans left Earth’s orbit to visit another world, which opened the appetite of the agency and others to explore more distant worlds in the future.

Katherine Johnson Star facilitated the mission to reach the moon! The first space flight of the Apollo program took place in 1968, it was the first human landing 24

Glamour fashin & beauty

on the moon’s surface one year later, the last landing was in 1972. A total of 12 astronauts walked on the surface of the moon, conducted scientific research, studied its surface and collected rocks to bring back to Earth, here we are today, preparing for a project to establish a fourth generation telecommunications company somewhere on the moon! But all of this did not come easily, thanks to the efforts of many who we may have heard about or those whose identities we still do not know today, among these is the mathematician Katherine Johnson! Katherine Johnson passed away in February 2020 at the age of 101. The deceased was nicknamed by the agency “the NASA computer” a nickname she earned. Katherine was behind writing all the accounts of the Apollo‘s 11 path to the moon, a journey during which Neil Armstrong was able to walk on its surface to make history, with those who participated and prepared for it, the most important of them is Katherine Johnson, she was one of the few American women who worked as a «computer.»

to inspect and verify the engineers’ accounts at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the predecessor agency to NASA. She was honored by US President Barack Obama in 2015 when she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, in gratitude for her contribution to the first moon landing. This scientist who specialized in the calculations of «orbital mechanics», which is a very complex process at the time, needed amazing accuracy, before the availability of the computers that we know today. For example, Katherine was behind the determination of the flight path of Alan Shepard in 1961, the first American in space. Even after the availability of the most advanced computers, John Glenn, who was preparing for his first trip around the planet in 1962, used them to check mathematical calculations on their own because he did not trust electronic computers. Otherwise, Katherine Johnson took part in several other flights before retiring in 1986. Katherine Johnson did not leave this world until she saw her life story, which was turned into a 2016 movie entitled «Hidden Figures».

Colombia - An achievement that falls from the sky While passing through the airspace of the town of Palestine in the city of Dallas, the capital of the state of Texas, on February 1, 2003, exactly at 00.14 GMT, NASA lost contact with the American shuttle Columbia, which was on its way back to Earth after a space mission. Colombia disappeared from the radar screens, after the American television networks broadcasted its fragmentation as it entered the Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of six times the speed of sound at a height of 60 km with seven astronauts on board.

A difficult birth! At the beginning of the construction of the space shuttle in 1975 by the main assembly facility on the outskirts of Los Angeles, it was expected to discover the outside world, therefore it was named Colombia after the Columbia Rediviva, the first American ship to sail around the world under the command of explorer Captain Robert Gray in 1787 and 1793. NASA was unable to launch Colombia as planned www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

at the end of 1979, but was forced to postpone that

date due to problems with both the RS-25 engine and the thermal protection system (TBS).

These were not the last problems facing the oldest American space shuttle, as on March 19, 1981, during preparations for the ground test before its launch, workers choked while working in the aft compartment of a nitrogen-purge engine, leading to the death of two people.

Successful but last mission! Colombia then undertook 28 space missions, the last of which lasted 16 days, aimed at conducting an experiment in satellite communication via the Internet, in addition to a German research program on the effect of zero gravity on animals before it ended in a disaster on it’s way home. Commander Rick Hasband, Pilot Willie McCall, mission specialists Dave Brown, Laurel Clarke, Kalpana Chawla, Payload Commander Mike Anderson, and astronaut specialist Ilan Ramon are the pioneers who were on board the spacecraft when it exploded. Glamour fashin & beauty 25

A video tape - then retrieved - recorded by the pioneers during the start of the return showed that the crew members were performing routine re-entry procedures and joking with each other, but the recording process that would have continued on the regular flights until the landing was stopped four minutes before the start of the shuttle disintegration. Experts attributed the causes of the crash to a defect in the thermal insulation that protects the shuttle when returning to Earth from high temperatures. One side of this insulation was destroyed in the shuttle’s black bottom part by hitting spongy pieces of insulation that covered its main fuel tank with one of its wings upon takeoff. Then, during the return trip to Earth, hot gases leaked through the damaged heat insulator to find their way to the shuttle and led to Last blast. Images broadcast by the American television network «CNN» at the time revealed white lines behind Columbia as it passed through the atmosphere of Dallas, enhancing the possibility that it exploded while entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

Sky Lab It is the first and only space station launched by the United States of America alone without the participation of any other country, it is considered the second space station to orbit in Earth after the Russian Mir station. The Sky Laboratory was launched on May 14, 1973 to orbit the Earth at an altitude of 435 km from the surface of Earth. Upon its launch, the station faced a number of problems, the most important of which was the separation and breakage of most of the solar cells responsible for generating energy, which led to an acute shortage of electricity. The matter was remedied and the laboratory was repaired in its first manned flight on May 25, 1973, followed by two manned flights on July 28, 1973 and November 16, 1973, to be evacuated by astronauts on February 8, 1974. During this period, the laboratory rotated 2,476 times around the Earth in 171 days and 13 hours, and a total of 2,000 hours of scientific and medical tests were held in ii, aimed at finding out the effect of zero gravity on astronauts, and on July 11, 1979, 26

Glamour fashin & beauty

the SkyLab lost its height and entered the Earth’s mantle then fell.

The International Space Station ISS The idea of the International Space Station came through a Russian proposal in March 1993, when the Director General of the Russian Space Agency «Mir» Yuri Koptev proposed to the Director of the American «NASA» agency, Daniel Goldin, the establishment of an international space station. The implementation of the project began on September 2, 1993, after it was agreed to officially name the «International Space Station» or ISS, which is short for International Space Station a new era. A group of countries joined Russia and the United States of America to build the station in an international cooperation under the leadership of the afore mentioned, along with Canada, Japan, and other European countries, namely Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. The United Kingdom, in addition to Brazil, the cost of the station was estimated at more than 150 billion dollars, NASA contributed about 72.4 billion dollars, Russia about 12 billion dollars, while Europe contributed about 5 billion dollars, Japan 5 billion dollars, and Canada about 2 billion dollars. The International Space Station was launched for the first time on November 20, 1998 and was mainly aimed at preparing people to spend long time in space, conducting experiments outside the area of Earth’s gravity, and working to improve the quality of life on Earth by increasing scientific knowledge through research in addition to its various Space exploration.

Astronomical numbers! The ISS weighs half a million kg and orbits at an altitude between 370 and 460 km above the surface of the Earth. Goes to 28 thousand km per hour, it can get to the moon and return in less than 24 hours, the International Space Station completes one revolution around the Earth every 90 minutes, it rotates around 16 times a day, which exposes the astronauts to witnessing 16 sunrise and sunset in the same day. So, to avoid confusion, they set the average time (Greenwich) as the one on board, and when the sun sets in London, the station windows are closed

automatically to give the patrons a feeling of night sleep.

The international station is controlled from the ground by two stations, the first in Houston in the United States of America and the second in Moscow, the capital of Russia. As for its operating energy, it does not depend on fuel in its known sense, but rather uses huge solar cells on both sides to generate energy, while the length of the station extends to about (109 meters). It’s width to (72.8 meters) is the size of a large football field, and it gives the astronauts of the International Space Station a lot of comfortable rooms for eating and sleeping periods.

The age of the International Space Station The ISS financing program was established in 1998 with the hope that it would operate for about 15 years, then it was extended with additional financial support from the countries supporting it, led by the United States through NASA, it is assumed that the support will continue until about 2024 at the latest, because www.glamourfashionandbeauty.com

NASA will shifts its focus to supporting the manned missions of the moon and Mars over the coming decades. Flo Medjdoub

Glamour fashin & beauty 27

Glamour Fashion And Beauty - Socio-Cultural Magazine: English, Arabic, French - Special Edition April 2021 3

Glamour fashin & beauty