mlM
Ml
Kesvi^ick,Cumberland.
m i
i
COPYRIGHT
The Winterthur Library
TC
Cumberland.
1898 Edition »S,
BROADLtv AtCBlNOTON
Preface
IN
presenting
this, their First
Threlkeld Granite Co. Limited have bringing under the notice of their numerous
Granitic Tiles,
pleasure
Edition of Designs of Ornamental
in
the
customers, and Architects and Surveyors quality of their
support accorded to them
in
the past, for
the high-class
in general,
new manufacture, and hope all
that the very gratifying their materials,
may
be
extended to the Ornamental Department of their paving business.
extending over many years,
After exhaustive experiments,
first
instance perfected on
the Continent, and the Threlkeld Granite Co.
Limited secured the
the manufacture of these
tiles
was
in
the
and adopt the
rights for Great Britain to use the special machinery
means
to ensure the successful
manufacture and fixing of the various
colours.
The
tiles
have been made and used with conspicuous success
and the Company have every becoming known in England, they will be adopted to a considerable extent for the floors and dados of public buildings, hall floors, corridors, and floors in general of
on the Continent generally and
in India,
reason to anticipate that on the
tiles
private houses.
The colours a
full
are at least one-quarter-inch thick, backed up to
thickness of seven-eighth inch thick of pure granite sand and
Portland cement, subjected to a high pressure
which the
tiles
the material thoroughly sound, in the usual of the highest quality.
and
is
way adopted
Being so constructed,
being thoroughly matured proof,
in steel
moulds, after
are immersed in water for a certain period, to render
—
is
the
quite impervious to moisture,
eminently adapted for any class of flooring,
where great durability
is
for a concrete
material
of utmost importance.
— after
is
frost-
— particularly
The the pattern
are manufactured with plain surfaces, and also with
tiles
shewn
mosaic.
in relief in imitation of
Every colour is guaranteed to be permanent, and when Architects necessary if sufficient time is given for the manufacture, and others can have the colours arranged to meet their own taste.
—
—
tiles should, if possible, be allowed to they are laid, and in order to meet before weeks four about mature urgent demands the Company keep in stock large quantities of all the designs given herewith.
After manufacture, the
with encaustic tiles and mosaic work these advantage, being about one-third of considerable granitic tiles have even for large designs are there more the cost, and as in no case than four tiles {']]/&" x 7^") to complete a pattern, the cost of laying is In comparison
—
—
reduced to a very small item, and the work might be executed by any ordinary workman without fear of failure.
METHOD OF
LAYING.
A solid foundation of Portland cement concrete is laid with an even surface to within \yi" of the finished floor. After this is set, the tile is embedded in a thin layer {l" thick) of cement, mixed with fine
sand
in
equal proportions.
In some cases neat cement may be used, but care should be taken that none of the liquid squeezes up on to the surface of the tile. If such, however, should occur, the surface should be immediately washed with a brush and clean water before the cement has time to set.
Dry sawdust
also cleans well.
may be obtained from the Head Offices of the be pleased to furnish prices and samples as
All information
Company, who
will
required.
Arrangements are being made
for
most of the
full
patterns to
our large cities and towns, and the Managers of the Company will be glad if Architects and others will kindly favour them by inspecting the tiles.
be shewn
in several of
Following the pages of designs
some Company.
interesting
particulars
of
the
in
this
other
book
will
be found
manufactures
of
the
111.
GENERAL INFORMATION. PRICES. — All
quotations will be for
tiles
Railway Station unless otherwise
PACKAGES. — About
40
tiles will
of which will be about
be charged
within
3/-
be packed
in
i^ hundredweight
paid and duly
advised
Telegraphic Address
will
good condition
London
Office
Limited,
Cumberland.
Postal Address
:
" Harkewitz, Threlkeld."
66,
in
Company Kesivick,
&
Cases
each.
14 days.
Threlkeld Granite
65
each case, the weight
each and allowed for on return to Threlkeld
carriage
Station,
carriage paid to nearest
specified.
;
Chancery Lane, W.C.
:
"Keswick, Cumberland."
Digitized by the Internet Archive in
2010 with funding from
Lyrasis IVIembers
and Sloan Foundation
http://www.archive.org/details/albumofornamentaOOthre
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Granite and Granite-Concrete
Departments.
^N "
addition to the foregoing", the
Company have
of years been highly successful in
'
JM^
of granite steps and
quantities
g'ravel,
sand,
and
blocks,
&c.
for
,
masonry,
sea
walls.
character of the business will be readily inferred that
ever
since
granite
and
from
despatched
in
year
the
the
1878
over
1897,
quarry
the
100,000
in
1893
number larg'e
macadam,
The progressive when we mention then
total
being
The quarry
tons.
gfranite
output, which
gone on steadily increasing, the
has
278 tons,
for a great
manufacture of
the
is
stood
amount
at
of
65,456 tons, well provided
with siding accommodation, and also with tramways, crushing plant, etc.
The
latter includes a duplicate set of
two large stone breakers, and a
sisting of
capacity for the production of as
Customers may consequently
ment of orders
;
and even
in
works
daily. fulfil-
factorily
as 500 tons of
the event of one set of machinery failing
employment
afford
with combined
on the prompt and punctual
or being stopped for repairs, the other
the
roller mill,
macadam
much
rely
machinery, each set con-
to
is
always available. Altogether
some 300 hands.
After having satis-
proved the superior quality of the Threlkeld granite as a
material for setts and
macadam,
the
Company
very naturally
came
to
the conclusion that no better rock could be secured for the purposes
of
making
artificial stone,
and as some preliminary experiments
direction
were productive of highly gratifying
in
to lay
results,
it
in this
was decided,
down
a large
granite concrete flags,
window
landings, and the
This department has developed amazingly, and
1893,
like.
modern plant for the manufacture of sills, window heads, mullions, steps,
since the date mentioned the flags have been adopted in connection
with several important works. P.,
and the
L.
&
N.
lliat for higli-class
W. and
Notably
in the stations of the C.
other railway companies.
It is
K.
&
claimed
quality and durability the Threlkeld granite concrete
Unlike many natural stones which decomflag's cannot be surpassed pose or decay with age, they actually increase in hardness as time progresses. They are very much more durable than asphalte, perfectly non-slippery, and as compared with three-inch York flags g'ranite concrete flags exhibit marked advantages as has been abundantly demonstrated by many carefully conducted trials, the results of one of which (a rubbing test), as reported by a well-known London surveyor to his vestry, we give below. ;
No.
Thickness before being rubbed First hour ... Second hour Third hour ... Total wear
It
in
three hours ••
thus be seen that the
will
"wear"
one-sixth of an inch less than that of their favour
No.
I
flag.
flag.
flag.
H
24^
2i
224
2.I4
2/a
2l 2L
2^8
2^8
2
2l.
2l
2
Concrete Concrete
.2.S
49
Jg
^24
2:8
^
4I
of the concrete flags
York
stone.
which they minimise the absorption of moisture paralleled degree,
the total
A
is
exactly
further point in
by virtue of
to an altogether un-
absorption after seven days' immersion
As
being less than two per cent. impervious to the effects of
3
Concrete
flag.
to be found in their exceptional density,
is
No.
2
York
a consequence they are entirely
frost.
GRANITE CONCRETE FLAGS. The Granite Concrete Flags for footways, etc. are manufactured at the Company's works under the strictest supervision. The granite used is the same as that which has given universal satisfaction as macadam, paving setts, kerbing, etc. and earned a reputation ,
—
second to none for used
is
its
non-slippery nature
— and
the Portland cement
of a special quality, and subjected to the highest tests by the
Company's manager before being
The
flags are accurately
used.
moulded, and need no hand-dressing
flags,
The edges are more even than any other description of and when laid they form a beautiful and even footway. Being
made
in fixed sizes
waste
in
whatever.
stone.
cutting
;
they are easily and cheaply
laid,
and there
is
no
but when necessary the flag can be cut like ordinary
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Every flag sent
out,
as
and,
is
thoroughly tested and seasoned before being
many thousands
of yards are always maturing,
customers may rely on a speedy delivery of large orders.
DIMENSIONS OF FLAGS. In
Ft.
In.
3
o
X
2
O
9 6
X
2
Q
2
X
2
O
2
3
X
2
O
2
o
X
2
O
2
Ft.
6
X
2
O
o
X
2
6
X
I
2
6
Ft
In.
2
6
^t.
In,
4
o
X
2
o
3
6
X
2
o
o
X
2
o
2
6
X
2
o
2
o
X
2
o
It will
by
full
2i','.-in.
2V2-in.
thickness.
thick.
be noted that the flags manufactured by us are about
more than those made by other makers, which increases the strength of the Threlkeld granite concrete flags at three-sixteenths of an inch
least 2o per cent, over others.
These
flags
have a bearing capacity equal to any
3-in.
natural
stone flags.
Advantages over York and other Natural Stone Flags. Granite concrete flags have the following advantages
York and other
stone, viz.
over
:
They are more durable. Never wear slippery. The material is of the same hardness throughout, thus ensuring uniformity of wear.
They
No
are of even thickness.
dressing of joints fectly square.
is
necessary as the edges are per-
1
4
No
laminations or scalini^s.
Cheaper to lay. Thoroughly impervious to frost, and damp proot. Owing' to the great absorptive powers of many York and other flags, the stone has a tendency to laminate under severe frost by the expansion of the moisture becoming frozen, causing the stone to disintegrate.
To
give an idea ot the strength of a flag 2^-in. 2-ft. was placed thus
ness, one 2-ft. by
Having
:
—
full in
thick-
bearing on two sides only, and was weighted with iron
i-in.
blocks distributed over its surface, the flag sustaining a total weight of 20%-cvjt. without breaking. 2-ft.
— 10 Super.
I-ft.
Yards Flags
2"/i,.-in.
——
10-in
thick weigh
8
,,
,,
2>^-in.
40
,,
,,
27i(;-in.
,,
32
,,
,,
2^-in.
,,
i
ton.
,,
METHOD OF
make
a small truck load (4 tons) ,,
,,
,,
LAYING.
Prepare a good, well consolidated bed, with a top layer of fine, dry material, and on this spread a thin layer of
ashes or other soft
mortar.
If
attention
is
paid
to
a
these particulars
granite
concrete lootway will last a century.
Some
districts
where Threlkeld Flags are
laid.
Threlkeld Granite Concrete Flags have been laid with conAtherton, spicuous success in the following cities and towns, viz. Belfast, Bootle, Bowness, Blackpool, Birkenshaw, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Chorley, Chester, Dalton, Garston, Golborne, Gomersal, Horwich, Horsforth, Haydock, Ince-in-Makerfield, Keswick, Keighley, :
—
Leeds, Liverpool, Leigh, Maryport, Ormskirk. Preston, Pemberton, Roundhay and Seacroft, Southport, St. Bees, Sheffield, Swansea, Skelmersdale, Sale, Sandal Magna, Ulverston, Warrington, Wallasey, Wolverhampton, Wakefield, Wigan, and Whitehaven.
Kendal,
Penritii,
Threlkeld Syenitic Granite as a Road Material.
The Threlkeld granite has been practically used and tested for the last twenty years in the shape of Paving- Stones, Macadam, Kerbing, and Channelling by the following local authorities and public companies
:
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Accrington
&
Arlecton
Frizington
Burnley Blackburn Blackpool Bolton
Harrogate
North Bierly
Halifax
Huddersfield
Nelson Otley
Hindley
Padiham
Horwich Handsworth
Preston Pontefract Penrith
Bury Bacup
Keswick
Bradford
Kendal
Rochdale Rothwell
Birstal
Lytham
Ramsbottom
Batley Clayton-le-Moors Cleator Moor
Liverpool
Rishton
Leeds Lancaster
Sheffield
Colne Chorley
L &
Keighley
N.
Southport
W. Railway
Todmorden
Co.
& Y. Railway Co. Leyland Hundred Malton Middleton Midland Railway Co. Manchester M. & C. Railway Milnrow Newcastle-on-Tyne North-Eastern RailwayCo. L.
Carlisle
Cockermouth C. K. & P Railway Cumberland County Council
Denholme Darwen Doncaster
Farnworth
And
a large
number
Whitehaven
Wigan Walton-le-Dale
Whittingham C. Asylum Westmoreland C. Council Wuerdale and Wardle York
of other local authorities
too
numerous
Welsh
and public bodies
to mention.
Nine tons of Threlkeld granite tons of Whinstone or
Turton Tyldesley Ulverston
will
cover as
much area
as ten
and when comparing our prices against limestone, please bear in mind that limestone will have to be laid on three or four times, whereas granite only laid once will last the same time, and consequently there will be four tons of limestone to be carted on, for one ton of granite, and three or four times more labour would be required to scrape off and cart away the extra quantity of dirt made by the limestone.
We
granite,
may add generally that whilst some granites are represented as having a higher specific gravity than the Threlkeld rock, long experience has proved conclusively that the hardness of a stone has very little to do with its specific gravity. Thus quartz flint, Whinstone, Guernsey
granite and trap rock are the hardest and at the of road metals.
In
biUty to such metal
fine, is
same time
the weakest
the quahty which gives strength and dura-
toughness and not hardness, and the former
quality can be found in rocks with either high or low specific g'ravitv.
may
It
be safely said that the Threlkeld granite has no superior
in
point of toughness, and this fact has been over and over again proved
by the behaviour of macadam and setts subjected to the ever varying conditions of exposure to frost, sun, and water, under heavy wear and Other granites may be quoted at tear in busy cities and main roads. lower figures, but we have no hesitation in asserting that on trial thev Most of the Welsh granites, to will be found to be very inferior. cite an instance, are large grained and of little cohesion, and such granites allow the action of the rain to soak right through them, setting up disintegration of the stone at once. Hence it comes to pass that some country roads after rain become so unaccountably muddy. In the long run, a good syenitic granite, even at a seemingly high cost, represents the beau /If/^c?/ of cheapness. Toughness, as well as hardness, is absolutely essential in a suitable macadam, and these qualities are, as we have seen, embodied to perfection in the Threlkeld granite.
Crushing Resistance of the different kinds of Stone used for Roads, as Macadam and Setts. Crnahed at lb.
pressure
on one sqr, inch of
Crushed at tons pressure on one square inch of stone.
of
tons on one square
Name
County in which the Quarry is situated.
of Qu.irry.
foot.
Btone.
Lbs.
Pressure
Tons. Cwts. Qrs.
Lbs.
Tons.
20
2,052
Threlkeld
Cumberland
1,228
Markfield
Leicestershire
5
1.128
Mountsorrel
Leicestershire
1
26
970
Guernsey
...
Isle of
2
15
Dalbeattie
...
Kirkcudbrightshire
31,912
14
4
3
19,096
8
10
2
17,532
7
16
2
15,062
6
14
14,071
6
5
13,440
6
Newry
Ireland
5
857
Skipton Light
Yorkshire
805
Skipton Dark Brown
Yorkshire
13,325 13.523
5
18 11
3 3
25
Tested at The Grove, Southwark, London, E.C
,
Guernsey
by David Kikkaldy.
â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 7
The above
shows the crushing resistance of the eight
table
leading' qualities of stone used
West Riding
or paving setts, and for resisting
granite
The
granite. its
power from
is,
durability,
ance,
in
the North-East of Lancashire and
of Yorkshire for road making, in the shape of
you
will see that the
and
;
addition,
in
nature,
its
macadam
Threlkeld stands at the head
as a paving sett the Threlkeld
less slippery
than
any other known
Leicestershire granite has a well-known reputation for
and as the Threlkeld granite has more crushing
resist-
undoubtedly superior to the Leicestershire granite, and
it is
is of
a less slippery nature.
Twenty Years' Output. Threlkeld
granite
now
has
been
before
practical
Road
Surveyors and Eminent Engineers for over twenty years, and that the material
is
appreciated as a road metal
which shows the output
table,
is
for the last
proved by the following
twenty years
Year
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
Tons
278
2534
3747
4354
8709
Year
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
Tons
12018
12480
7556
16250
18727
Year
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
Tons
23068
29964
29210
40173
52000
While the output
And
,,
These figures
will
for 1893
1894
reached about
80000
M
1895
M
1897
,,
66000 Tons.
over
is
far
more preferable
,,
90000
,,
100000
,,
prove that the practical use of the Threlkeld
granite has stood the test, and that the practical tear
:
that any scientific test.
trial
of
wear and
—
—
Areas Covered by One Ton of Stone Granite Kerb
Granite Paving Setts.
Area
Size
X 4" X 5" X 6" X 7" X 6"
cubes X 5" X 6" X 7"
cubes X 6"
7g-
To
Size.
ton will cover.
Width
Depth.
ID ID
6"
5
4i
the following sizes.
Kerb dressed.
Flat
square yards
:
Broken Granite.
Stones.
About
Width. Depth.
cubes
i
——
4
12
32
12
Granite
Macadam 2'4-m. gauge.
i^-in.
lump or cob hand breaking.
Granite, in for
4 10
15
5i 4i
Granite,
hand broken,
2j^-in.
Edge Kerb Width.
4
Depth.
6"
3i
8"
X X X
8"
X
1
6"
4i 4
gauge.
dressed. I
o"
I
o"
I
o"
Granite, rough lumps for building purposes.
Granite Gravel,
2"
for
^^-i"^- g^ug^i garden drives and park roads.
Circular Kerb of any of these sizes.
Dressed
Granite, crushed 53-in. gauge,
Randoms
for
garden walks and
concrete purposes.
Refuge Stones.
Randoms
Granite Steps for Stations, etc
,
etc.
Granite Sand, for mortar half the quantity of lime will
Granite Masonry of
all
do
for
this,
and
makes as good mortar as of ordinary sand.
descriptions.
One sequently
if
cubic yard of broken granite weighs about i8-cwt., conlaid 4" thick, will
All enquiries
cover nine square yards.
have careful and prompt attention
if
addressed
as below.
Threlkeld Granite
Co.
(H. Harkewifz,
Limited,
Managing Director.)
Kesvuicky Telegraphic Address
"Harkewitz,
Cumberland.
:
threlkeld." London
Office:
65 and 66,
CHANCERY LANE, W.C.
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