Matter and its Changes by Gerardo LAZARO

Matter and its Changes

Science ‐ Lower 5th Grade St. George's College October, 2008 1

Lower 5th A ‐ Matter and its Changes Name

Oral Intervention

Coin

Chocolate

Joaquin Mariano A. Victoria Melanie Alejandro Jose Fabrizio Joshua Edinson Hector Daniela Humberto Kymberly Alexandra Enzo Ariana Martin Mariano R. Stheffany Ana Caroline Bruno Rodrigo Sandra Maria Laura

Brainstorming: What Makes up Matter?

orbits forms

attracts causes rejects 3

Lower 5th B ‐ Matter and its Changes Name

Oral Intervention

Coin

Chocolate

Carlos Anais Miguel Mariana Christopher Adriana Santiago Felipe Sol Gabriela Alexandra Valeria J. Eduardo Giosue Valeria P. Henry Alessio Sebastian Isabel Karen Erick Camila Bryan Jimena Arturo Maria Fernanda Diana Daniel Jesus Paola

Brainstorming: What Makes up Matter?

orbits forms

attracts causes rejects 5

Objectives • • • • • •

Explain the three states of matter. Recognize how heat can cause a change in the state of matter. Identify buoyancy as a physical property of matter. Recognize that some materials combine to form solutions. Describe a physical change. Identify a chemical change.

Note: Most of the objectives will be covered in class, however the student must be responsible for those objectives not covered or concluded.

Vocabulary Matter: everything in the Universe that has mass and takes up space. Mass: the amount of matter something contains. Solid: the state of matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space. Liquid: the state of matter that takes the shape of its container and takes up a definite amount of space. Gas: the state of matter that has no definite shape and takes up no definite amount of space. Volume: the amount of space that matter takes up. Density: the property of matter that compares the amount of matter to the space it takes up. Solution: a mixture in which the particles of different kinds of matter are mixed evenly with each other and particles do not settle out. Dissolve: to form a solution with another material. Solubility: a measure of the amount of a material that will dissolve in another material. Buoyancy: the ability of matter to float in a liquid or gas. Physical Change: any change in the size, shape, or state of a substance. Chemical Change: a change that produces one or more new substances and may release energy. Chemical Reaction: another term for chemical change. Note: Most of the vocabulary words will be covered in class, however the student must be responsible for those words not covered or concluded. 7

Lesson 1: What are Three States of Matter?

Solids • Your sense of touch helps you know your world around. by touch you know that wood, water, and air have different properties. Yet they are all matter. • Matter is everything in the universe that has mass and takes up space. • Mass is the amount of matter something contains. All matter is made up of small bits called particles. The particles are so small that they can be seen only with the strongest microscopes. • These tiny particles are always moving quickly. The arrangements of particles give matter properties. • Each arrangement is called a state of matter. • A solid is matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space. • the particles in a solid are close together, like neat and even stacks of tiny balls.

Liquids • A liquid is matter that takes the space of its container and takes up a definite amount of space. • When matter is a liquid, its particles slip and slide around each other. The particles move from place to place, but they still stay close to each other.

Gases • A gas is matter that has no definite shape and takes up no definite amount of space. • Like particles in liquids, the particles in gases are not arranged in any pattern. • Unlike particles in liquids, however, particles in gases don't stay close together. This is because particles in gases are moving much faster than particles in liquids. • The amount of space a gas takes up depends on the amount of space inside its container. • Heating matter makes particles move faster. When ice is heated, particles begin to move fast enough to break away from their neighbor. As the regular arrangement of particles breaks down, the ice melts. If we increase temperature, the liquid particles move faster and faster until the liquid boils, or changes quickly into a gas.

Lesson 2: How can Matter be Measured and Compared?

Measuring Mass • Mass is measured in units called grams and kilogram. • You can compare the amount of matter in two objects by measuring the mass of each. The object with more mass has the greater amount of matter.

Volume • The amount of space that matter takes up is called its volume. • You can measure the amount of space a solid or liquid takes up. You can use a container whose volume is already marked. • Volume often is measured in cubic centimeter, or milliliter. • A solid keeps its shape, so it is easy to see that its volume stays the same. A liquid changes shape to match its container. But it does not change its volume. • A gas has no definite volume. However, the mass of a gas sample doesn't change when the volume of the gas changes.

Density • Some matter takes up a large space but has a small mass. Example: A balloon. • Other matter takes up very little space and has a large mass. Example: A brick. • You can find the density of an object by dividing the mass of the object by its volume.

Lesson 3: What are some Useful properties of Matter?

Water and Sugar • A solution is a mixture in which the particles of different kinds of matter are mixed evenly with each other. • When one material forms a solution with another material, we say it dissolves. • As sugar dissolves in water, particles of solid sugar are pulled away by each other by water particles. • If you add more and more sugar to a glass of water, at some point the sugar particles can't mix evenly with the water particles. the extra sugar doesn't dissolve. • Some solids dissolve in water, others don't. • Solubility is a measure of the amount of a material that will dissolve in another material.

Floating and Sinking • The ability of matter to float in a liquid or gas is called buoyancy. • A solid object denser than water sinks in water. Example: Lead. • A solid object less dense than water floats in water. Example: Beach ball. • Liquids and gases can also float or sink.

Floating Transportation • Humans use machines to control buoyancy and to move from place to place. • Submarines, hot‐air balloons and blimps. • Submarines control their density to float and to sink in the water.

Lesson 4: What are Chemical and Physical Changes?

Physical Changes • The changes of states of matter are physical changes. • Any change in the size, shape, or state of a substance is called a physical change. Can you give examples of physical changes?

Chemical Changes • A change that produces one or more new substances and may release energy is called a chemical change. • A chemical reaction is another term for chemical change. Can you give examples of chemical changes?