FACT SHEET Infectious Diseases Expenditures The Reality Infectious diseases cause millions of deaths each year, largely in developing countries.1 They also disable millions of people, diminishing their quality of life, decreasing productivity and creating financial hardship. Many prevention and treatment measures are effective and inexpensive and yet remain unavailable to those most in need. Increased funding could be used to scale up interventions that prevent death and improve the quality of life of the poorest people. Global Expenditures
» The Global Fund is the largest source of external funding for TB and malaria control programs, providing more than 70 percent of international resources to combat these Estimated Funding Needs for Select Infectious Diseases7, 9, 16 diseases.2, 3 Between 2002 and 2010, 7.7 milTuberculosis Malaria Polio lion people were treated for TB, 170 million 18 people were treated for malaria, and 160 mil16 lion insecticide-treated nets were distributed with resources made available by the Global 14 Fund.4 12 » Pharmaceutical companies have partnered 10 with governments and NGOs to provide drugs and materials at no or low cost, particularly for 8 5 neglected diseases in low-income countries. 6 » In 2010, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 4 awarded $522 million in grants to combat 2 malaria, tuberculosis, pneumonia, diarrheal 6 diseases, and neglected diseases. In addition, 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 the Foundation spent $393 on polio eradication efforts and delivery of vaccines to prevent other infectious diseases. » TB: An estimated $7.9 billion was needed to fully implement TB programs in 2011, however only $5 billion was made available.2, 7 In total, affected country governments provided 86 percent of funds, however individual countries’ contributions ranged from greater than 90 percent (Russia, Thailand, and Brazil) to less than 20 percent (Bangladesh and Democratic Republic of Congo) of the total spent on national tuberculosis control efforts. » Malaria: While funding for malaria has increased dramatically from the $300 million commitment in 2003, a funding gap still exists.8 Funding disbursements reached $1.5 billion in 2009, in large part due to commitments from the Global Fund, the US’s President's Malaria Initiative, and the World Bank. However, funding still fell well short of the $6.1 billion needed.9 Billions of US$
www.globalhealth.org
Global funding for TB and malaria has increased in recent years through disease-specific funding mechanisms, especially the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (Global Fund). Neglected diseases have also received increased funding. However, the gap between resource needs and available funds remains, preventing large-scale implementation of effective interventions.
» Neglected diseases: The World Health Organization estimates that between 2011 and 2015, approximately $2.9 billion is needed to procure and distribute medication for the seven most common neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).10 In 2009, global spending on NTD research and development was $432 million.11 Current U.S. Expenditures The U.S. has become a global leader in funding infectious disease programs, especially to combat HIV and malaria. Non-HIV infectious disease funding has increased from $55 million in 1998 to more than $1 billion in FY10. USAID Infectious Disease Appropriations FY01-FY11*
12, 17-18
DŝůůŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ h^Ψ
» The President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) facilitates delivery of effective ϭϮϬϬ interventions to vulnerable populaDĂůĂƌŝĂ tions in malaria-endemic countries, dƵďĞƌĐƵůŽƐŝƐ especially in sub-Saharan Africa. WĂŶĚĞŵŝĐ Θ ŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ EĞŐůĞĐƚĞĚ dƌŽƉŝĐĂů ŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ Funding for PMI between 2006 and ϭϬϬϬ KƚŚĞƌ /ŶĨĞĐƚŝŽƵƐ ŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ 2010 reached $1.3 billion, allowing the distribution of more than 30 million insecticide-treated nets and 68 ϴϬϬ million treatment courses in 17 focus countries.13 » Between 2007 and 2010, U.S. fundϲϬϬ ing for tuberculosis increased 2.5fold. In 2009, the U.S. began increasing support for tuberculosis control ϰϬϬ to at least $10 million per year in certain high-burden countries, and plans to continue to add more counϮϬϬ tries as resources allow.14 » The U.S. Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Initiative, launched in 2006, Ϭ has provided $135 million over 5 ϮϬϬϭ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϯ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϬϲ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϬϴ ϮϬϬϵ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϭ years to prevent and control the &ŝƐĐĂů zĞĂƌ seven most common NTDs in 12 *All years enacted, except 2011, which is the President’s request. Does not countries. More than $700 million include HIV/AIDS appropriations. in drugs were donated to program countries in the first half of 2011 alone.15
NOVEMBER 2011
References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
World Health Organization. Global burden of disease report: 2004 update; 2008. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control 2010. Roll Back Malaria. Malaria funding and resource utilization: the first decade of Roll Back Malaria; 2010. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS TaM. Making a difference: Global Fund results report 2011; 2011. RiskMetrics Group. Access to Medicine Index; 2010. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Annual Report. 2010. Stop TB Partnership. The global plan to stop TB 2011-2015. Geneva: Stop TB Partnership; 2010. Roll Back Malaria Partnership. A Decade of Partnership and Results; 2011. Roll Back Malaria Partnership. Global malaria action plan; 2008. Salaam-Blyther T. Neglected Tropical Diseases: Background, Responses, and Issues for Congress: Congressional Research Service; 2011. Moran M, Guzman J, Henderson K, Abela-Oversteegen L, We L, Omune B, et al. Neglected disease research and development: is the global financial crisis changing R&D?: Glogal Funding of Innovation for Neglected Diseases; 2010. Salaam-Blyther T. USAID Global Health Programs: FY2001-FY2012 Request: Congressional Research Service; 2011. United States Agency for International Development. The President's Malaria Initiative: Fifth Annual Report to Congress. 2011. USAID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Lantos-Hyde United States government tuberculosis strategy; 2010. United States Agency for International Development. Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program Semi-annual Report October 1, 2010-March 31, 2011; 2011. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Financial resource requirements 2011-2012; 2011. Salaam-Blyther, T. USAID Global Health Programs: FY2001-FY212 request. Congressional Research Service; 2011.
1111 19th Street NW Suite 1120
Washington DC
20036
202.833.5900