Jerusalem Artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus

Also called sunroot, sunchoke, and earth apple, the Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sunflower found in Eastern North America. It is easy to cultivate in the garden. It is in the Aster/Daisy Family.

Identification: Jerusalem artichoke grows up to 10 feet (3 meters) tall. Rough, hairy leaves can be found opposing each other on the upper part of the stem, while lower leaves are alternate. The lower leaves are larger, up to a foot long. Higher leaves are smaller and narrow. Yellow flowers are a composite of 60 or moredisc florets in the flower head, surrounded by 10 to 20 ray florets. Small sunflower seeds grow on the disc. The flower head grows up to 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter. The edible tubers are elongated, up to 4 inches (10 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. Their appearance resembles ginger root. However, the color can vary from white to pale brown, or even red or purple. Edible Use: The cooked root tuber is eaten as a vegetable and tastes similar to an artichoke, hence the name. I use the tubers as a substitute for potatoes; they have a sweeter, nuttier flavor. They can be eaten raw, made into flour, pickled, or cooked. For some people, Jerusalem artichokes cause flatulence and gastric pain, so watch for gastric problems when Jerusalem artichokes are first introduced to the diet.

Medicinal Use: Jerusalem artichoke’s medicinal action is due to its high concentration of inulin. It is one of the best sources of this valuable component available. To use Jerusalem artichoke for medicinal purposes, simply include it as a vegetable in the daily diet. Diabetes: Fresh Jerusalem artichokes are approximately 76% inulin (not to be confused with insulin), which helps regulate blood sugar levels in diabetics. During storage, the inulin is converted to fructose, giving the tuber a sweet taste. Tubers grown in warm weather have higher insulin levels than those in colder regions, but all can be used to help control blood sugar in diabetes. Digestive Problems: Jerusalem artichokes are useful as a prebiotic fiber to help increase beneficial gut flora. They also stimulate stomach secretions that help control indigestion, dyspepsia, and slow digestion. However, Jerusalem artichokes do cause gas and intestinal pain in some people. Enhances the Immune System: Jerusalem artichokes have immune-enhancing properties. They increase the body’s defense mechanisms against viruses

Jerusalem Artichoke, Paul Fenwick, CC SA 3.0

Jerusalem Artichoke Flowers, Paul Fenwick, CC by SA 3.0