Turpentine is a mixture of constituents. The type and amount of specific constituents is dependent on the type of pine tree, the geographical location of the trees, and the season of tree harvest. Turpentine is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, dipentene, and terpinolene. For example, turpentine produced in the United States is made up primarily of ?-pinene (75 to 85%) with varying amounts of ?-pinene (up to 3%), camphene (4 to 15%), limonene (dipentene, 5 to 15%), 3-carene, and terpinolene (percentages not provided).
