Future Movers: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Module 1: Introduction by AHKPhilippinen

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 1: Introduction

Course Objectives At the end of this course, participants should be able to: ● Know what PPE is ● How to use PPE ● How to choose appropriate PPE ● Understand responsibilities of employees and employers What is PPE? ● Specialized clothing or equipment to protect workers against hazards that may cause workplace injuries and illnesses; ● A barrier between the worker and a workplace hazard; ● Equipment for eyes, face, hands and feet, lifeline, safety belt/harness, gas or dust respirators or masks, and protective shields and barriers. PPE Usage and Samples ● Hazards at the workplace can cause injury or impairment. ● PPE must be provided to protect from hazards that cannot be eliminated. ● Different body parts are protected by different protective equipment. Usage

Samples

Eyes & Face

Safety spectacles, goggles, face shields, visors

Hands & Arms

Gloves, gauntlets, mitts, wrist cuffs, armlets

Head

A range of helmets and bump caps

Feet & Legs

Safety boots and shoes with protective toe caps and penetration-Resistant mid-sole, gaiters, leggings, spats

Respiratory System Body

Disposable filtering face piece or respirator, half- or full- face respirators, air-fed helmets, breathing apparatus Conventional or disposable overalls, boiler suits, specialist protective clothing, e.g., chain-mail aprons, high-visibility clothing

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 1: Introduction Hierarchy of control measures ● ● ●

PPE is the last form of defense from exposure! PPE is used in conjunction with engineering and administrative controls for Protection. The use of PPE does not eliminate the hazard – if the equipment fails, exposure still occurs!

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/default.html

Hazard Risk Assessment ● ●

Employer needs to assess hazards at the workplace to select and provide appropriate PPE Hazard Risk Assessment determines the risks to: o Eyes & Face o Head & Ears o Respiratory system o Feet & Legs o Hands & Arms 3

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 1: Introduction The steps of Hazard Risk Assessment:

Hazards Different types of hazards cause different risks. Hazards include: ● ● ● ● ●

Impact from falling or flying objects Extreme temperatures Chemical exposure Dust Optical Radiation

Hazard Type Impact

Examples

Common related tasks

Dust

Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt. Anything emitting extreme heat. Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists. Harmful dust.

Optical Radiation

Radiant energy, glare, and intense light

Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood working, sawing, drilling, riveting, sanding, etc. Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, welding, etc. Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating etc Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions Welding, torch-cutting, -brazing, soldering, laser work.

Heat Chemicals

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 1: Introduction

PPE Selection For PPE to be effective, it must: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed Be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed Be reasonably comfortable Fit snugly and shall not unduly interfere with the movements of the wearer Be durable Be capable of being disinfected Be easily cleanable Be distinctly marked Be of the approved type

Employer’s Responsibility ● ● ● ● ● ●

Provide PPE for free! Ensure, that employees use appropriate PPE when exposed to hazards requiring them Provide training on the use of PPE Replace broken or damaged PPE Incorporate PPE use into employee work plans Enforce PPE use as any other key responsibility, including disciplinary action

Employee’s Responsibility ● ● ● ● ●

Use PPE in accordance with training, instructions and requirement of the job Request PPE prior to starting a job that requires PPE Protect PPE against damage or loss Refuse unsafe work if no proper PPE is provided To not place other employees in an unprotected hazardous situation

PPE Training Employees shall be trained to know at least the following: 5

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 1: Introduction

● ● ● ● ●

When PPE is necessary What PPE is necessary for How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear PPE The limitations of the PPE The proper care, maintenance, and disposal of the PPE

Retraining is required when there is: A change in the workplace ● A change in the types of PPE used ● Evidence, that employee lacks the required PPE understanding or skill ●

PPE Care, Maintenance, Storage and Disposal Always check PPE for damage before and after use ● Dispose of and replace damaged PPE ● Clean PPE before storing ● Properly store PPE – avoid damaging conditions such as heat, light, moisture, etc. ●

Limitations of PPE Like any other equipment, PPE will wear out! Un-fit PPE may lead you to harm! For example: ● Ear muffs with cracked, cut or missing gaskets can reduce your ear protection. ● Dirty or scratched eyewear can limit your vision. ● Holes in gloves can expose you to heat.

Points to Remember PPE must be used correctly to protect you! ● PPE is designed for your safety – use it! ● For your and your family’s benefit, learn how to use PPE! ●

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 1: Introduction The information have been obtained from the following sources: ECC International: Personal Protective Equipment, www.eccinternational.com (The PPE section has been reproduced with the permission from ECC International and adopted for the Future Movers Programs)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 2: Respiratory Protection

Course Objectives At the end of this course, participants should be able to: ● Know the different types of PPE against respiratory hazards ● Identify the common respiratory hazards ● Know the importance and maintenance of respiratory protection Respiratory System The human body has a wonderfully designed respiratory system to carry air and oxygen into your lungs and carry waste products out. Respiratory Hazards ● Fumes ● Mists ● Temperature Extremes ● Gases ● Vapors ● Oxygen deficiency ● Dusts Respiratory Protection ● Air-purifying respirators – removes contaminants ● Air-supplying respirators – provides air ● Combination Unit Frequently used types of Air-Purifying Respirators Maintenance-Free Quarter Mask Respirator ● Covers the nose and mouth to trap particles. ● Made of fibers that trap and hold hazardous particles as you breathe in through the filter. ● Designed to be thrown away when they are used to capacity. Re-Usable Half Mask Gas & Vapor Respirator ● Fits over the nose, mouth and under the chin ● Have replaceable cartridges that capture gases and vapors from the air ● Each cartridge is made for a specific gas or vapor hazard. Other types of respirators might be needed for specialty applications. 2

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 2: Respiratory Protection

Points to Consider Employer’s Responsibility ● Select appropriate respirators based on respiratory hazards to which the workers are exposed ● Must provide effective training to employees who are required to use respirators ● Must consult employees to assess their views on program effectiveness (respirator fit, effect on workplace performance, appropriate selection, proper use, and maintenance) and to identify and correct any problems Maintenance and Care Respirators must be regularly: ● Inspected for defects ● Cleaned and disinfected ● Repaired and properly stored Points to Remember ● Always refer to the standard requirements ● Assess workplace hazards and determine appropriate respiratory protection to be used and the users ● Ensure proper care, maintenance, storage and disposal

The information have been obtained from the following sources: ●

ECC International: Personal Protective Equipment, www.eccinternational.com (The PPE section has been reproduced with the permission from ECC International and adopted for the Future Movers Programs)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 3: Eye and Face Protection

Course Objectives At the end of this course, participants should be able to: ● Know the different types of PPE for Eyes and Face ● Identify the common Injuries on eyes and face ● Know the importance of Eye and Face Protection Eyes and Face Hazards PPE is required when employees are in areas where there is exposure to eye and face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids, caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors or potentially injurious light radiation. Your eyes are very delicate. Lens that focuses light ● Iris that controls the amount of light that enters the eye ● Receptors that "pick up" the image of what you see ● Optic nerve that serves as a "cable" to transmit information from the receptors in your eye to your brain. Damage your eyes, and you are in big trouble. Trouble that is often permanent. ●

Thousands of people are blinded each year from work-related eye injuries. Types of Accidents that Cause Blindness ● Objects striking the eye ● Contact with chemicals and other hazardous materials ● Being struck by swinging objects such as chains and ropes ● Viewing radiant energy sources such as welding operations or lasers Potential Hazards ● Dusts, powders, fumes, and mists ● Toxic gases, vapors, and liquids • Flying Objects or Particles from o grinding, chiseling, sanding, and hammering ● Large Objects from o chains, cables and ropes; o tools that are thrown or fall; o any sharp objects such as knives, scissors, pencils, etc. ● Molten Metals 2

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 3: Eye and Face Protection Electrical Hazards ● Thermal and Radiation Hazards ● Lasers ●

Protective Measures ● Ventilation to reduce amount of airborne particles ● Lighting to reduce eye strain and glare ● Signs and Warnings to identify obstructions and protruding objects ● Eyewash Stations to flush your eyes with water for 15 minutes. Hold your eyes open with your fingers and "look" directly into the water streams. DO NOT RUB YOUR EYES! Rubbing your eyes may scratch or embed particles into your eyes. Once you have flushed your eyes with water, seek medical attention immediately. Safe Work Practices As you work: ● Read and follow all warnings and precautions that may be found on equipment and hazardous materials ● Do not throw tools or participate in horseplay ● Keep sharp or pointed objects away from your eyes ● Follow your supervisor's or safety manager's suggestions and recommendations for working safely.

Eye & Face Protection Equipment Safety Spectacles ● Shield the wearer's eyes from: o Impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. o Heat hazards (high temperature exposure) ● Use safety spectacles in combination with a heat-reflective face shield. Safety Goggles ● Shield the wearer's eyes from: o Impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. o Heat Hazards o This is especially important when working with or around molten metals that may splash. 3

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 3: Eye and Face Protection Face Shields ● Protect the entire face, or portions thereof, from: o Impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles o Heat Hazards o Face shields are considered secondary protectors to be used in addition to primary protection such as safety spectacles or goggles. Contact Lenses ● Wear your contacts with caution if you work in areas where you might be exposed to fumes, dusts, powders, vapors, chemical splashes, molten metals, or intense heat, light or glare. Corrective lenses ● Persons wearing corrective lenses shall wear: o spectacles which provide optical correction; o Goggles that can be worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles; or o Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the protective lenses. Overview of potential hazards and protection measures SOURCE

ASSESSMENT OF HAZARD

PROTECTION

Impact

Flying fragments, Spectacles with side protection, goggles, objects, large chips, face shields. For severe exposure, use particles of sand, dirt, face shield. etc.

Heat

Hot sparks Splash from molten metals High temperature exposure

Face shields, goggles, spectacles with side protection. For severe exposure use face shield. Face shields worn over goggles. Screen face shields, reflective face shields.

Chemicals

Splashing liquids Irritating mists

Goggles, eyecup and cover types. For severe exposure, use face shield. Special purpose goggles

Dust

Nuisance dust

Goggles, eyecup and cover types. 4

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 3: Eye and Face Protection Light and/or RadiationOptical radiation Welding: Electric arc

Welding helmets or welding shields. Typical shades

Welding: Gas

Optical radiation

Welding goggles or welding face shield. Typical shades

Cutting, Torch brazing, Torch soldering

Optical radiation

Spectacles or welding face shield. Typical shades

Glare

Poor vision

Spectacles with shaded or specialpurpose lenses, as suitable.

Eye & Face Protection: Maintenance ● Clean your eye protection equipment with mild soap and water or special wipes. ● Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth towels. These items will scratch & damage your equipment. Points to Remember Always keep your eye and face protection equipment in good working condition. If it is damaged, have it repaired or replaced.

The information have been obtained from the following sources: ECC International: Personal Protective Equipment, www.eccinternational.com (The PPE section has been reproduced with the permission from ECC International and adopted for the Future Movers Programs)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 4: Protection for Hands & Arms and Feet & Legs

Course Objectives At the end of this course, participants should be able to: ● Know the different types of PPE for hand & arms and legs & feet protection ● Identify the common hand & arms and legs & feet hazards ● Know the importance and care of hand & arms and legs & feet protection

Hands & Arms Fingers, hands and arms are injured more than other parts of the body. Without your fingers or hands, your ability to work would be greatly reduced. Common Hands & Arms Hazards ● ● ● ● ● ●

Chemicals Hot objects Electricity Excessive vibration Knives, sharp edges, splinters Extreme cold

Common Hands & Arms Injuries ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Burns Bruises Abrasions Cuts Punctures Fractures Amputations Chemical exposures

Hands & Arms Protection Preventive Measures Machine guards ● Lock-out and Tag-out ●

Remember: PPE is the last form of defense from exposure! 2

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 4: Protection for Hands & Arms and Feet & Legs Types of Gloves • ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Leather gloves - protect your hands from rough surfaces. Special insulated gloves - can provide protection from hot objects. Metal mesh gloves - resist sharp edges and prevent cuts Vinyl & neoprene gloves - protect your hands against toxic chemicals Rubber gloves - protect you when working around electricity Latex disposable gloves - are used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria Lead-lined gloves - are used to protect your hands from radiation sources Heat resistant gloves - protect your hands from heat and flames Padded cloth gloves - protect your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration Cut-resistant gloves - prevent or reduce cuts from knives or sharp edges

Limitation Gloves can get caught in rotating machinery Don’t wear gloves when operating drills, punch presses, and other machinery with moving parts ● Some people are allergic to latex gloves ● Gloves can actually cause more problems if chemicals get inside glove ● Gloves can fail in conditions of extreme temperatures, high mechanical force, high vibration or handling extremely harsh chemicals ●

Use and Care ● ● ● ● ● ●

Clean your hands before using gloves Fabric and leather gloves should be cleaned regularly or discarded Latex gloves should not be used by latex-sensitive people Replace gloves if they have cuts, tears, holes or defects Make sure gloves are the right length for the job Don’t use fabric or leather gloves to handle liquid chemicals

Disposal Badly contaminated gloves are impossible to clean. ● Remove gloves in a way so that the bare hands do not touch the outside of the gloves ●

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 4: Protection for Hands & Arms and Feet & Legs ●

Dispose to appropriate container and hauled by accredited treatment waste service

Points to Remember Start with identifying the workplace hazards that threaten hands and arms ● Use appropriate hand/arms protection ● Ensure proper use, care, storage and disposal of the protective hand/arms equipment ●

Feet & Legs The human foot is rigid enough to support the weight of your entire body! Yet, your feet are flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play sports, and to take you anywhere you want to go. Without your feet and toes, your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.

Common Feet & Legs Hazards ● ● ● ● ●

Falling or rolling objects, Objects piercing the sole/ sharp objects Electrical hazards, molten metal, hot surfaces Slippery surfaces Welding sparks

Feet & Legs Protection Ways to prevent feet & legs injuries: ● Always wear DOLE approved safety shoes ● Always wear leg protection

Safety Footwear: Use, Care and Storage Select footwear that fits ● Inspect your footwear before you use them. Look for holes and cracks that might leak ●

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 4: Protection for Hands & Arms and Feet & Legs Replace footwear that is worn or torn ● After working with chemicals, hose your footwear with water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing your footwear ● Avoid borrowing footwear ● Store footwear in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area ●

Safety Footwear: Replace and Dispose ● ● ● ●

Scuffed, cracked, or lacerated Signs of separation between soles and uppers Holes or cracks in soles or heel Metal embedded in heels or soles of electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes

Points to Remember ● ● ●

Start with identifying the workplace hazards that threaten feet and legs. Use appropriate feet & legs protection. Ensure proper use, care, storage and disposal of the protective feet & legs equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 5: Protection for Head and Ears

Course Objectives At the end of this course, participants should be able to: ● Identify the common head and ear hazards. ● Know the different types of PPE for head and ear. ● Know about maintenance of PPE for head and ear.

The Head Head is the uppermost or forward most part of the body of a vertebrate, containing the brain and the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and jaws. Head Hazards Head hazards usually derive from: ● ● ● ●

Falling and flying objects Blows Splashing corrosive liquids Electrical shock

Types of Head Injuries INJURY Perforation of the Skull Fracture of the Skull Brain lesions within the skull Burns Electrical shocks

DESCRIPTION Resulting from a direct contact with a pointed or sharpedged object Occurring when an excessive force is applied Caused by presence of severe injuries (This may lead to contusion, concussion, hemorrhage of the brain or circulatory problems) Results from splashes of hot or corrosive liquids or molten materials. Results from accidental contact of the head with exposed conductive parts

Head Protection There are different ways to protect your head, such as: • Hard hats • Safety helmets • Hair Protection 2

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 5: Protection for Head and Ears Hard Hats ● Are a rigid shell that resists and deflects impact penetration and blows to the head. ● Suspension system inside the hat that acts as a shock absorber. ● Brim of a hard hat protects the head, face and back of the neck against overhead splashes, spills, and drips. ● Some types of hard hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks.

Types of Hard Hat Class A hard hats are designed to: ● ●

Protect you from falling objects; and Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts.

Class B hard hats are designed to: ● ●

Protect you from falling objects; and Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts.

Class C hard hats: ● ● ●

Protect you from falling objects; DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; and DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances.

Bump caps: ● ● ● ●

Protect you from small impacts when bumping into an object; DO NOT properly protect you from falling objects; DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; and DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances.

Safety Helmets ● Should have a strong shell to resist deformation or puncture. ● Helmets with chin straps are used for persons working overhead, particularly steel framework erectors. ● Helmets made of thermoplastic materials are used if there are any hazard of contact with exposed conductive parts.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 5: Protection for Head and Ears ●

Helmets harness should be flexible and permeable to liquid and should not irritate or injure the wearer.

Do not use Helmets: If it has been submitted to heavy blow, even without evident signs of damage. ● If it has protruding parts inside the shell. ●

Hair Protection ● Cover long hair with well-fitting cap when working around machinery ● Caps shall be made of materials o not easily flammable o sufficiently durable to withstand regular laundering, disinfecting and cleaning. Points to Remember ●

Make sure that you wear appropriate head protection for the job!

The Ear Why is hearing protection important? ● The ears are composed of very delicate structures. ● Whenever a sound is produced, air is set into motion as sound waves, this enables us to hear! Ear Hazards Occupational Noise ● Noise is a common problem found in many workplaces. ● Research has shown that high levels of noise can damage your hearing. ● Losing your hearing is a gradual process – less noticeable than other types of workplace injuries. ● It is, however, a permanent handicap for those who are affected. Noise Levels Noise is measured in decibel (dB) ● Some equipment is noisier than others ● There is a daily allowable exposure time to specific noise levels ●

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 5: Protection for Head and Ears Daily Allowable Exposure Times to Noise Duration per day, hours 8 6 4 3 2 1½ 1 ½ ¼ or less

Sound level in dB 90 92 95 97 100 102 105 110 115

Examples of commonly used noisy equipment Lawn Mower Front-end loader Tractor, circular chain saw

Chain saw Jackhammer

How to prevent noise? ● Sound-reducing control rooms for loud equipment. ● Hearing protection, when noise can’t be avoided or reduced at the source.

Hearing Protection There are different ways to protect your ears from occupational noise: ● ● ●

Earplugs – a device worn in the external ear canal Earmuffs – a device composed of a headband and two cups covering the ear Semi-insert earplug – also called an ear-canal cap

Maintenance of Ear Protection ● ● ● ● ●

When not in use, store gear in a clean, cool, and dry place. If it becomes soiled, torn or stiff, discard the gear and ask for a new set. If PVC earplugs become soiled, clean them with a mild soap and water solution. Rinse, then dry them with a soft towel. If PVC earplugs become torn or brittle, discard them and ask for a new pair. Always inspect your earmuffs for cracks around the foam cups if earmuffs are damaged, have them repaired immediately or ask for a new pair.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Module 5: Protection for Head and Ears Points to Remember ● ● ●

Use appropriate hearing protection for the job! Wear hearing protection when exposed to noise levels ≥ 85 decibels for 8 hours. Ensure that hearing protection tightly seals the ear-canal or against the side of the head Hair and clothing should not be in the way.

The information have been obtained from the following sources: ●

ECC International: Personal Protective Equipment, www.eccinternational.com (The PPE section has been reproduced with the permission from ECC International and adopted for the Future Movers Programs)