Leading the teaching of literacy
Reading Approaches Whole word:
memory method: Whole Word
requires you to memorize words as SHAPES, one by one, as you would remember faces, houses or logos. It’s hard work. The work never ends.
Analytic phonics:
relies on inferential learning, context cues for word recognition,
Synthetic phonics:
sound letter correspondence with blending and segmenting The method chosen for teaching children to read and write can make all the difference between success and failure. All the evidence, scientific and personal, points to synthetic phonics being the most effective method to use.
Learning to read involves setting up processes by which the words on the page can be recognised and understood. Word decoding and language comprehension.
Simple view of reading
Word decoding
GOOD
Good language comprehension; Poor word decoding
Language comprehension
POOR
GOOD
POOR
Poor word decoding; Poor language comprehension
Good word decoding; Good language comprehension
Language comprehension
Word decoding
Good word decoding; Poor language comprehension
NLS versus synthetic phonics
Cracking the alphabet code - reading
Stroiturby Briddarly TTYP
cracking the alphabet code
Straitbury Powlinge Avebury Stonehenge
Spanish has 24 sounds and 26 letters. Spanish (simple relationship between sounds & letters) = ‘transparent’ code
Work in progress chart
Código Alfabético Español para Phonics International Para uso profesional
Sonidos
/ m/
Letras y alternativas ortográficas que representan los sonidos
m
mariposa
/ a/ / p/
a
ha
avión
hada
p paloma
The let ter h as an individual let t er never represents a sound in Spanish.
English???
Unidades
Orden para introducir las correspondencias grafemas-fonemas (letra/s-sonidos)
1
/m/ m
/a/ a
/p/ p
/s/ s
Spain
2
/l/ l
/n/ n
/i/ i
/d/ d
3
/f/ f
/g/ g
/j/ j
/y/ y
/z/ z
/o/ o
/c/ c
/t/ t
/u/ u
/b/ b
/r/ r -rr
/-r/ -r
/ch/ ch
/ñ/ ñ
/-x/ -x
/w/ w
Revisando algunos sonidos para enseñar las alternativas ortográficas
4
/b/ b v
5
/s/ s c [c+e c+i]
/c/
c
qu
[qu+e
qu+i]
6
/j/ j g [g+e g+i]
/g/
g
gu
[gu+e
gu+i]
7
/a/ a ha
/e/ e he
/i/ i hi
8
/s/ s x
/c/
5 Spain only
/z/
z
c
8 Spain only
/z/
s
x
/y/ y ll
c
[c+e sc
/s/ s z
qu
k
c+i]
[sc+e
/o/ o ho /i/ i
/c/ sc+i]
hi
c
/u/
u
ü
/s/
s
x
[g+ü+e
g+ü+i]
/u/ u hu y
qu
-y
[qu+e
qu+i]
sc
[sc+e
sc+i]
/e/ e
Codigo alfabético español y sus alternativas ortográficas
/m/
m mariposa
/a/
a avión
/p/
p paloma
/s/
s sol
z zapatos
/o/
o oso
ho hombre
/c/
c casa
qu+e queso
/t/
t tortuga
/e/
e elefante
ha hada
he helado
c+e cebolla
c+i cisne
qu+i quince
k kimono
/l/
l luna
/n/
n nubes
/i/
i insecto
/d/
d dinosaurio
/u/
hi hielo
y Sal y pimienta
-y buey
u uvas
hu huevo
g+ü+e cigüeña
g+ü+i pingüino
/b/
b bote
v vaca
/r/
r rosa
-rr perro
/-r/
-r loro
-r estrella
/f/
f foca
/g/
g gato
gu+e juguete
gu+i guitarra
/j/
j jirafa
g+e ángel
/y/
y Yo-yo
ll lluvia
/ch/
ch chocolate
/ñ/
ñ araña
/x/
x Taxi
/w/
w kiwi
cc lección
g+i gigante
spelling alternatives
-across the rows
English has 44+ sounds written in more than 200 different ways The alphabetic code of a language → huge impact on literacy
Building up the Alphabetic Code
Synthetic Phonics consists of: Knowledge of the English Alphabetic Code: Four main concepts And the two skills of blending and segmenting And Handwriting
4 Concepts: Concept 1: Sounds/phonemes are represented by letters/graphemes. English is an alphabetic language. All the sounds in each word are represented by letters.
Concept 2: A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters t
kn
igh
Concept 3: The same phoneme can be represented (spelt) more than one way:
cat
kennel
choir
Concept 4: The same grapheme (spelling) may represent more than one phoneme:
mean crown field
deaf flown tried
Debbie Hepplewhite
Knowledge of the alphabetic code ďƒźThere are approximately 42 sounds/phonemes in the English language ďƒźThere is a simple code and a complex code.
Skills needed for reading
Decoding + Language Comprehension = Reading Children need to be able to blend sounds to decode words, and they need to break spoken words into sounds to write words
Blending… • Joining phonemes together to pronounce a word • It is the ability of blending the sounds together to work out words, therefore understand! Videos READING
The essential skill for reading is the ability to blend (synthesising) the letter sounds. The children who learn to blend letter sounds easily have virtually no problems with reading texts. It does not always mean that their comprehension is good, although frequently it is. Gradually, with reading practice, words go into automatic recall and blending is only needed for identifying the few words that the children are not familiar with. Once there is fluency with this skill, then comprehension and higher literacy skills become the most important aspect.
Identifying sounds in words • Hearing individual phonemes within a word (the best way to do this is to say them
one after the other, holding up a finger for each sound identified.)
“fish” has 3 phonemes f-i-sh • so as to choose a letter or letter combination to represent the phonemes. E.g. sh Just Writing!
Phase 1: Sound Discrimination, listening and remembering sounds, talking about sounds. Seven aspects
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Environmental sounds Instrumental sounds Body percussion Rhythm and rhyme Alliteration Voice sounds Oral blending and segmenting
Basic Skills 1.
Learning the letter sounds
2.
Letter formation (directionality and pencil hold)
3. Blending (the ability of joining sounds to read words) 4.
Identifying sounds in words
(the ability of hearing sounds in
words so as to write) 5.
Tricky words (systematically taught) (The children´s problems in reading and writing are nearly always related to something missing in these skills)
Letter Sounds
Letter Sounds Group 1
How many words can you write with these letter sounds? TTYP
Words for blending practice
Skill 1:Learning the letter sounds
The Phonics Handbook • Detailed teaching notes • Sound Sheets • Games and Activities
Sound Activity Sheets
Pencil Hold • Tripod grip • ‘Froggy legs’ movement Teach the children to write the letters neatly, fluently, with the tripod pencil hold and the correct formation. The children need to understand that when a letter is finished, instead of stopping, they need to carry on to the place where the next letter starts and then form that letter
Vowel hand e
i
o u
ee ie oaue
a ai
When two vowels go walking the first one does the talking.
When we write We start with the spoken word, we segment the word into the speech sounds and write the matching graphemes. The more we write the word the sooner it enters our orthographic store of words.
Reading Tricky Words These need to be systematically taught and learnt. Tricky words have irregular spellings and children are taught how to learn these separately
Sequence of teaching in a daily dedicated High Quality Phonics session • • • • •
1. Revisit and review: Practise previously learned letters. Practise oral blending and identifying sounds in words 2. Teach: Teach a new letter sound. Teach blending and identifying sounds in words. Teach one or two tricky words 3. Practice: Practise reading and/or spelling words with the new letter. 4. Apply: read and/or write a caption (with the teacher) using one or more high frequency words and words containing the new letter. 5. Consolidate: Sound activity sheets (workbooks)
Videos: Phonics sessions 1. Mary B sound 2. Coral Spain
Dictation
Identifying the problems •What are the problems and why? Poor memory/recall for symbols and words or Weak ability to hear the word when letter sounds have been spoken
•Should the child be taught individually or in a group? Once the problem is identified a short regular intervention programme should be started.
The struggling child Intervention programme One to one intervention 1.Sessions of 8 to 10 minutes 2.Start with individual phonemes 3.Continue with words 4.Carry on with sentences 5.Finish with a text 6.You may continue with writing VIDEO: JUANA Y1
Jolly Readers There are 4 levels, each building and developing the reading ability of children. Vocabulary carefully controlled so that children are able to apply their new reading skills at each level. Tricky words, Level 1
Level 1
Some words used in Level 1
Level 3 Level 2
Level 1 Inky Mouse & Friends
General Fiction
Nonfiction
Floppy’s Phonics fiction and nonfiction
Spelling story themes and their pictures aid memory for recalling spelling word banks
Decodable Books •Jolly Readers: 4 levels •Collins Big Cat Phonics 3 levels •Oxford: Read Write Inc. •Oxford Reading Street: Songbirds •Oxford Reading Street: Floppy´s Phonics •Dandelion Readers
Alternative Vowel Sounds
Independent Writing
The children need to know: • The 42 letter sounds, alternative spelling and tricky words • How to hear the sounds in words and one way of writing the letters for the sounds • What they want to say
Toby 6 years old. Chile
Writing sentences about sequenced pictures
WRITING YEAR 1
Perseverance Never give up until the last child can read!
Useful Websites http://gracevilarphonics.weebly.com www.jollylearning.co.uk http://gracevilarphonics.weebly.com http://gracevilarphonics.blogspot.com www.starfall.com www.bbc.schools.co.uk www.phonicsinternational.com www.rrf.org.uk http://www.oxfordowl.co.uk/Question/Index/3
Support Days • • • • •
Classroom observation Model lessons Pupils´ progress evaluation Written report. Parent Information/Training meeting