March 2015 Grand Strand Pet (Health & Wellness for People & Pets) by Grand Strand Health & Wellness for People & Pets

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OUR MISSION Grand Strand Pet's mission is to be the premier local resource for pet owners in Horry and Georgetown counties, sharing where to go and what to do with your pet, top pet related businesses for products and services, and a national resource for pet owners regarding responsible pet care, animal rescue, sheltering, events, travel, health and wellness, adoptions, non-profits, information, trends, style and lifestyle choices - a one stop resource for pet parents.

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North Myrtle Beach, February 2015 with my 2 sons and my 3 Chocolate Labs

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Greetings and a warm welcome to our very first issue of Grand Strand Pet! I couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be more excited to share the idea of Grand Strand Pet with you! Just as with a paper magazine, you may want to sit and read the whole thing at once, or come back to this issue several times to digest the articles more slowly, and take time to watch all the videos. When I set out to create an on-line magazine that would promote pet care and well-being, one thing I knew right away was to steer-away from the glossy images of the too-perfect, productdriven magazines that we all sometimes read.

What you will find in the pages of Grand Strand Pet is a collection of inspired and instructive articles written by real, honest, down-to-earth pet experts who work hard to live deliberately, but who are not afraid to admit the struggles we sometimes face. I am honored to share the work of so many committed and thoughtful people who took the time to share their work with you in the pages you are about to open and the videos you are about to watch. I appreciate your support and so happy to have you as a reader of Grand Strand Pet. All the best, Elizabeth Harris

audio message from the editor Grand Strand Pet is very excited to be the Grand Strand area first pet magazine owned and published locally. I'm very dedicated to publishing helpful and educational information to our community. Looking forward to getting to know one another. Enjoy!

Hiking with one of my 3 Labs

CONTENTS Cover Topics

8-13 Canine Travel First Aid Kit 14-36 For the Love of Stray Cats 38-57 Animal Non-Profits 120-141 Pet Sitting - How to get started 108-117 Meet the Veterinarians of the Grand Strand area 142-166 Top Pet Friendly Establishments

Departments

2-5 Letter from the Editor 58-105 Abuse Solutions 152-155 Dog Parks & Beaches 156-163 Event Schedule 164-166 Grand Strand Pet Health & Wellness Expo for People & Pets 168-169 Next Month's Cover Topics 170-171 Videos & Photos of Pets in Grand Strand Area

Contributing Writers

John C. Leighton, Owner & Chief Bone Counter, Camp Bow Wow速, Home Buddies速 and Behavior Buddies Beth Stultz, Marketing and Communications Manager, Pet Sitters International Tina Hunter, Shelter Manager, The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach

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Website grandstrandpet.c Leslie Wilfong, New om Directions of Horry County Twitter @grandstrandpet Bradley A. Floyd, J.D., Exe Instagram grandstrandpet cutive Director, Saint Facebook Grand Strand Frances Animal Center Pet Diana Webster, J.D., President, Humane Advisor

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DIY Canine First Aid Kit - Be prepared before you travel!

A pet first aid kit is the first step in being prepared should an animal emergency happen. It is also a hard question to answer because I don't think there is a "one-sizefits-all" answer. While there are many premade kits that may be purchased for pets, building your own kit, or adding to a pre-made one, may be the best way to have a kit customized for your pet's lifestyle and needs.

CANINE TRAVEL FI RST AID

Make your own custom First Aid Kit for your furry friend.

There are, however, first aid items that are necessary for any kit, which are listed here. Included is a description of each item to help with your kit choices. For building a pet-specific first aid kit, please see the tips at the end of this article. Items to Include in Your first aid Kit Scissors - for cutting out things matted in fur, freeing your pet from entanglements. Sterile eye wash - make sure it is eye wash, not contact lens solution. Tweezers - to remove splinters, or other foreign materials from wounds. Tick remover tool - if you are in a tick-infested area, consider one of many tools to easily remove ticks and reduce additional damage or infection during removal. Ear wash - speak to your vet about what one would be best for your pet.

Toenail trimmer and styptic pencil - for torn toenails. Cornstarch also works for torn nails, but not for skin wounds. QuikClot or similar - to stop bleeding (wounds). Tape - preferably the 1" white medical tape. Easy to tear off and holds well. Roll Gauze - used for bandaging, an aid to stop bleeding, and padding for splints. Vet Wrap - this is a conforming bandage wrap used over a telfa pad or roll gauze that comes in many colors and two sizes (2" and 4" - pick one that best fits your pet). It clings to itself and is semi-watertight. Caution is advised to not wrap this too tight. It is best to unwrap it from the roll, then use it for the bandage with very light tension. It can be purchased at many feed stores (horse section) and some veterinary clinics. NEXT PAGE

canine FIRST AID Telfa pads - non-stick dressings for bandaging a wound. Bandage Scissors - these scissors have a blunted blade to easily slip between skin and bandage material and not cut the patient's skin. Antiseptic wash or wipes - look for non-stinging preparations such as chlorhexidine or betadine. Rubbing alcohol is not good for open sores or wounds. Antibiotic ointment - over-the-counter "general purpose" antibiotic ointment for light use with minor skin wounds. Not for eye use. Caution is advised for animals that may ingest by licking. The antibiotics are absorbed via the skin, remaining ointment may collect debris or actually slow healing in some cases. Use with discretion. Latex or plastic exam gloves - for your protection and your pet's protection - use when the situation is messy.

Vet-prescribed pain relief (NSAID) - speak to your vet about obtaining as-needed first aid kit pain relief. Do not use human prescription or over-the-counter pain medications for pets. Some medications, like Tylenol, are poisonous and may be fatal to pets.

Your local Red Cross offers a Pet First Aid Course. Click here to learn more. Learn how to respond to health emergencies and provide basic first aid for the four-legged members of your family.

Latex or plastic exam gloves for your protection and your pet's protection - use when the situation is messy. A muzzle - or materials to make a muzzle. Even the most well-trained animals may bite when injured or afraid. Thermometer - know the normals for dog and cat vital signs and how to use the thermometer. Water-based lubricating jelly for use with rectal thermometers. Ice and hot packs - cool down skin after a burn or keep an animal warm if hypothermic. Always use a cloth between the pack and skin and check frequently for redness or irritation. Extra towels, wash cloths and a blanket - use for washing,

keeping warm/cool, and if necessary, a way to transport the injured pet (sling). Diphenhydramine (aka Benadryl) - for stings and allergic reactions - speak with your vet first about proper dosing. Syringe or large eye dropper to flush wounds or administer fluids by mouth. A list of phone numbers - your regular vet, the emergency vet, animal control, and animal poison control numbers. A sturdy box - ideally plastic or metal - to hold all of your supplies and is easy to carry and pack with you will complete your kit. Your veterinarian can help you customize a first aid kit to meet your pet's additional medical needs.

PET FIRST AID How to help your pet when emergency strikes

A former film studio publicist with Paramount Pictures, DENISE FLECK founded Sunny-dog Ink in 1999 to Help People Help their Pets. Her specialty is teaching a 5-hour PET FIRST-AID & CPR CLASS (see http://www.sunnydogink.com/schedule.html) that she has developed after training with 8 different national organizations. She emphasizes proper hands-on skills practice in her classes and has penned the text book for the class, but is also happy to share skills in HOW TO BE A BETTER PET PARENT, PET DISASTER PREPAREDNESS and CARING FOR SENIOR PETS. Denise also gained experience as a long-time rescue volunteer and animal response team member. She assisted Homeland Security with their K9 Border Patrol First-Aid Program and has developed her own line of Pet First-Aid Kits (see http://www.sunnydogink.com/products/p...). "Once you have the knowledge," she explains, "you must have the tools for the job. Precious time is often wasted when we race around looking for bandages and other needed items."

VIDEO TO THE RIGHT Veterinarian Dr. Debbie Mandell and American Red Cross spokesperson, Laura Howe joined Candace Rose of CandieAnderson.com to dish on the American Red Cross Pet First Aid app, the must haves we all need in our first aid kits for beloved pets, and Dr. Mandell demonstrated how to perform CPR on our dogs and cats.

Emergency K9 First Aid Demonstration Please share with others. This video could save their dog's life. This video was produced by The City of Beverly Hills, featuring Beverly Hills Fir efighter/Parame dic and Hachiko.

Learn your ABC's! Veterinarian Dr. Courtney Campbell demonstrates the techniques that could save your pet's life.

STRAYS in tourist destinations

Cats roam outside in most neighborhoods in the United States. Some are pets whose owners let (or put) outside, but many are community cats. Community cats may be feral or one-time pets who are stray, lost or abandoned. How is a stray cat different from a feral cat? A stray cat is a pet who has been lost or abandoned, is used to contact with people, and is tame enough to be adopted. A feral cat is the offspring of stray or feral cats and is not accustomed to human contact. Feral cats are usually too fearful to be handled or adopted. Stray cats may be reunited with their families or adopted into new homes, but feral cats will find it difficult or impossible to adapt to living as pets in close contact with people. But that doesn't mean there aren't many things you can do to improve feral cats' health and quality of life.

The more we understand outdoor cats and the complicated issues related to them, the more effectively we can help them, reduce cat overpopulation, and protect wildlife.

Where do community (feral and stray) cats live? Community cats typically live in a colonyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a group of related cats. The colony occupies and defends a specific territory where food (a restaurant dumpster or a person who feeds them) and shelter (beneath a porch, in an abandoned building, etc.) are available. Although feral cats may be seen by people who feed them, strangers may not realize that feral cats are living nearby because they rarely see them. Stray cats tend to be much more visible and may vocalize; they may approach people in search of food or shelter. Stray cats may join a colony or defend a territory of their own.

Why are there feral cats? If they don't have early contact with people, the kittens of stray or feral cats will become feral, too fearful to be handled or adopted. Since a female cat can become pregnant as early . as five months of age, the number of feral cats in a neighborhood can rapidly increase if cats aren't spayed or neutered. How can the catoverpopulation problem be solved? Spaying or neutering community (feral and stray) cats using trap-neuter-return (TNR) will reduce their numbers. Spaying or neutering pet cats before they reproduce Stray Cat will reduce their numbers and One female cat and her offspring will help stop pet overpopulation. produce 100 cats in seven years. CLICK TO READ MORE

For Travelers

For Travelers As a tourist on vacation, you may see animals in distress that you want to help, but you don’t know how. Here are some ideas. - Feeding: Take food scraps to an accessible spot a safe distance from the road. If there are multiple dogs or cats, spread it out to prevent fights. If the animals are very thin, portion the food out in small amounts, rather than as a single large meal, which can be detrimental. Leave water if possible. - Sterilizing: If the dog or cat is approachable and friendly, consider taking it to the vet for vaccinations and sterilization. You can then return it to where it was found, knowing it will not contribute to the overpopulation problem. - Adopting: It’s easier than you think. For information, go to Adopt a Dog . - Escorting a dog: Our humane partners in Mexico and the Caribbean often have dogs ready to go to shelters and homes in the United States and Canada—but no way to get them there. That’s because some flights do not allow animals to travel without a passenger "escort". If you are flying out of these destinations, please consider being an escort. For more information contact our Adoption Liaison at transport@candiinternational.org . - Spreading the word: Are there stray cats at your resort? Does it have a Cat Café ? Are there stray dogs on the beach near your hotel? Tell the management about CANDi and how we can help them help these animals. - Becoming a donor. Your donation to CANDi will help us implement more programs to save more stray cats and dogs.

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Acknowledgements Che Green, Humane Research Council Jean Cloutier, Air Transat Keith Lawless, Air Transat Jami Latham, Charitywise Inc. Tracey Buyce, Tracey Buyce Photography Laura Cull, Hope for Healing Alex Pacheco and Maria Papazian, 600 Million Stray Dogs Need You Diana Diskin, Esq. Contact Information Diana Webster Diana@humaneadvisor.com www.humaneadvisor.com CANDi International Darci Galati Darci@candiinternational.org www.candiinternational.org

Cover photo of Luna, found in the streets of a Cancun, Mexico neighborhood, by photographer Tracey Buyce.

Introduction Imagine it’s a beautiful day on your much-anticipated and well-deserved vacation to that tropical paradise you’ve been dreaming about. The clear skies and azure waters beckon so you head out for a pleasant walk with your family down the white sandy beach in front of your luxury resort. The kids run in and out of the waves while your spouse picks up seashells. Then out of the palm trees a dog appears, tail wagging. As it gets closer, you see that the dog is obviously a stray and in bad shape, skinny and mangy. Your kids look at you and ask you to help the dog, but you’re on vacation in a foreign country so you don’t really know what you can do. After giving the dog a drink of water and some leftover snacks from the bottom of your beach bag, you reluctantly leave the dog, and head back to the resort, your spouse and kids in tears and your heart broken, the beautiful day ruined. You ask the resort concierge about the stray and she apologizes but offers no answers. The sight of that starving stray dog haunts the rest of your vacation and even when you get home--the stray dog is forever connected to your family’s vacation memories of your luxury resort and tropical destination. For many tourists, encountering cats or dogs that are obviously strays--starving, sick, or suffering--while on vacation leaves a lasting negative impression. From recent research, we have learned that once tourists have such an experience, many are less likely to return to that destination and will also share the incident with friends, family members, colleagues, and on travel review sites. Some tourists even refuse to travel to certain destinations because they don’t want to see stray cats and dogs suffering or have heard that the destination country controls stray populations through inhumane and brutal mass killings—a solution that is inefficient, impractical and immoral. These tourists represent a substantial number of socially conscious consumers who may “vote with their wallets” to avoid seeing animals suffer--potentially impacting travel company profits and tourist destination economies in a big way. This report will present research about how these tourist experiences of seeing stray cats and dogs while on vacation have a definite economic impact on tourism. It will also discuss important reasons why it makes business sense for tourism companies and tourist destination governments to help strays by creating programs that humanely control their populations through the only ethical solution—sterilization. Not only for tourism’s bottom line but also because the humane treatment of stray cats and dogs is the right thing to do for the animals, the environment, and the community.

Compassion is a Key Driver in Tourist Choices What could stray cats and dogs1 have to do with influencing the travel decisions of millions of tourists? A lot, it appears from the results of a survey2 of over 1,200 U.S. and Canadian tourists recently completed by CANDi International3, a U.S. and Canadian registered animal welfare nonprofit and the Humane Research Council (HRC) 4, a U.S. nonprofit research organization. Not only did this survey reveal that stray cats and dogs have a measurable effect on a substantial number of travelers’ vacation experiences, but also that these experiences will impact their choices for future travel plans, especially to destinations where strays are as common as piña coladas, lounge chairs, and suntan lotion. Further, there is support from global research that consumers will put their money where their mouth is: Two thirds (66%)of consumers from twenty-six countries say they prefer to buy products and services from companies that have implemented programs to give back to society.5 Reducing the suffering of stray cats and dogs at tourist destinations is a way of giving back by improving the health and safety of communities and enhancing the experience of many tourists who reported that seeing animals in distress while traveling leaves bittersweet memories of their vacations.6 In essence, with the increasing competition among travel providers for tourist dollars and for many countries that are dependent on tourism as a major component of their gross domestic product (GDP), the humane treatment of stray cats and dogs at tourist destinations should be considered part of the economic equation for the tourism industry. Data from CANDi/HRC’s survey provides only a snapshot of tourist opinions but strongly indicates that stray cats and dogs have more of an impact on tourism’s bottom line than previously known. To evaluate the potential impact of stray cats and dogs [exclusively7] on travel experiences and future travel purchases, CANDi and HRC conducted a survey of 1,200 U.S. and Canadian tourists. Tourists were asked whether they encountered stray cats and dogs, the effect of the experience(s), and the impact on future travel decisions. The survey also asked open-ended questions regarding tourists’ most recent experience with stray cats and dogs while on vacation, what destinations they refused to travel to because of stray cats and dogs, and what actions they would take if they had such an experience. Not surprisingly, nearly two-thirds of the respondents saw stray cats or dogs on their most recent vacation outside of the U.S. or Canada; specifically, 63% of U.S. travelers and 61% of Canadian travelers. In fact, almost 650 respondents had comments about the stray cats and dogs they saw while on their travels. Though not all comments indicated negative perceptions of the animals, the fact that travelers felt compelled to make a comment at all was an impressive representation that that the existence of 2

these strays registered in their psychological impressions of a travel destination. Examples of comments included:

“There is a huge amount of stray dogs in St. Maarten. Most of them are harmless due to the heat, but it's still scary because you don't know if they are vicious or not.”[Female, age 55-64] “There were lots of stray animals in Kathmandu, Nepal. Most of them were feral and not domestic and a lot of them had diseases (you can tell by their skin). I was warned not to touch or go near any of them since they were very unclean and probably carrying lots of diseases as well. So it was rather heart-wrenching to see them and that they were only reproducing wildly because none of them were neutered.” [Female, age 20-24] “There were so many stray dogs at night that you did not dare walk in unpopulated areas.” [Male, age 45-54] “When we were driving through a very poor part of Mexico, we saw many stray dogs. It really had a negative effect on me. I LOVE animals. To be staying in a beautiful 5 star resort and then travel 30 minutes to see starving dogs was really hard.” [Female, age 18-24] “Resort where we stayed had a local population of feral cats. The resort had set up a feeding station for them and fed them regularly. Cats were also captured for spaying/neutering and then released. It was a good experience knowing the resort was taking care of these animals.” [Female, age 55-64, Canadian] “I had taken a trip to the island of Puerto Rico. While traveling through various sites on the island, I saw many stray cats and dogs. They were very disheveled, looking thin and hungry. It was absolutely awful. I felt bad when looking at them and teared up a few times. I saw so many, I wanted to stop the car to help as many as I could. It was a very sad experience.” [Male, age 25-34] “I saw a lot of stray cats, that seemed to be fairly well cared for.” [Female, age 65 or over] “Just outside the hotel I was staying, there was a group of stray dogs. Although there were no dogs on the hotel grounds, walking out of the hotel on feet proved to be difficult. The one time I tried to walk out of the hotel to take a walk around the city, I was surrounded by a couple of strays almost instantly. Luckily, the security guards saw what happened and helped me to chase the dogs away.” [Female, age 18-24] 3

From a review of these comments there emerged two definitive concerns expressed by travelers about encounters with stray cats and dogs while on vacation. First, travelers were worried for their personal safety and thought the strays could be dangerous. However, by far the most-cited concern was the emotional impact of seeing suffering animals while on vacation. In fact, the top response (34%) for survey respondents when asked about their experience when seeing strays was that the experience upset them. These concerns solidly demonstrate that stray cats and dogs at a travel destination can negatively affect a traveler’s vacation experience and thus influence future travel spending decisions. Additionally, the sight of strays would spur a substantial proportion of survey respondents to take further action. About a third said they would report the experience to their hotel or resort (34%) and/or to travel agents or tourism companies (31%). Notably, nearly the same amount of respondents would share their experience on social networking sites (29%) and/or discourage family and friends from visiting the destination (25%). Another 22% would share the experience on TripAdvisor or Virtual Tourist and 17% would share it on another review site. A 2012 compilation of social media and tourism industry statistics reported that 92% of all consumers trust word-ofmouth and recommendations from family and friends above any other forms of advertising, while 70% said online reviews were the second most trusted source of information.8 This data is extremely relevant to the travel industry [tour operators, airlines, hotels/resorts, and travel destinations], a highly competitive market that depends substantially on word-of-mouth to gain customers and satisfy customers for repeat visits.

Putting a Price Tag on Compassion—Implications for Travel Industry Bottom Lines Despite the turbulent economic climate of the past few years, it is clear that two markets remain fairly steady if not almost robust in growth—travel/tourism and the pet care industry. Travel--those much-anticipated holidays and vacations--top most of our “bucket lists.” Retiring baby boomers and adventurous X, Y, Z generations have made the world a smaller place because of their urge to seek out new experiences and explore. And the travel industry is reaping the fruits of our collective yearning to hit the highways, skyways, and waterways of this glorious planet. In fact, travel and tourism accounted for 9.1% of the world’s GDP in 2011, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC).9 The WTTC also expects long term growth will remain positive even with the current challenges of the global economy.10

And we’re increasingly becoming a global society of pet lovers. The global pet care market continues to grow despite rollercoaster economic conditions worldwide, with a whopping US$94 billion price tag in 2012.11 Analysts predict that sales will continue to grow over the next five years, especially in emerging markets such as India and Brazil, who lead the “pack” as their growing incomes allow owners to afford pets for the first time.12 The U.S. and Canada, traditionally pet loving countries, make up the bulk of global pet industry sales, with U.S. sales reaching $56.7 billion in 201113 and Canadian sales hitting a respectable $3.6 billion in 2010 with an expected market value of $4.9 billion by 2015.14 That’s a whole lot of catnip, collars, and squeaky toys. Contributing to the growth of the pet care market is what the industry calls “pet humanization.” Paula Flores, Head of Global Petcare Research at Euromonitor explains that “[t]he trend, which observes that more pets are being treated as members of the family, has manifested itself in the growth of products such as premium pet food. However, owners are taking the trends to other levels, with products such as dog houses that are miniature versions of owner's houses, and the first television channel for dogs.”15 These two economic factors and their growth drivers (i.e., increasing desire for travel and pet humanization) indicate tourist buying decisions could be influenced by their love for animals. For example, a substantial proportion of travelers (41%) said they would be less likely to travel to a location with many stray cats and dogs in the future. 41% of 1,000 is 410 travelers who would be less likely to return to a vacation destination because of stray cats and dogs. The possible effect of this percentage on the total group of travelers to Mexico in 2012 would be significant. For the U.S., 10,231,372 visitors traveled to Mexico through June 2012 as reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries.16 For Canada, over 800,000 Canadian tourists traveled to Mexico from January to April, 2012.17 Extrapolating these figures indicates that over 4 million U.S. travelers are less likely to travel to Mexico because of concern about stray cats and dogs. Tour operators, airlines, hotels, and local tourism bureaus that focus on generating positive word-of-mouth and maintaining repeat visits18 by tourists may take a hard look at these projections and evaluate the potential ramifications. For example, many hotels consider repeat guests as “the base of their business,” according to Robert Mandelbaum at PKF Hospitality Research.19 Furthermore, many travelers (7%) named destinations where they actually refused to travel because of stray cats and dogs. Out of the travelers who indicated they avoided certain vacation spots because they saw homeless animals, Mexico was the most frequently selected country that they would not visit. [See Figure 1.]

Figure 1 Mexico India Asia or Asian countries (excluding India) None or “not sure” Yes (non specific) “Third world” countries

19% 16% 16% 9% 5% 4%

Results of survey question “Please specify which destinations you refuse to travel to because of stray dogs and cats.”

In other words, not just a few but millions of travelers will not only consider whether a destination has stray animals before booking their travel, but also avoid certain countries if they know a stray animal problem exists. For travel destinations that rely heavily on tourism dollars for their fiscal well-being such as tourist communities in Mexico, the Caribbean, and many European and Asian destinations, these figures could potentially represent the difference in prosperity vs. economic catastrophe in today’s uncertain economic climate.

Other Costs for Communities Beyond tourism, the costs of stray cats and dogs already have an impact on local tourist destination economies by affecting the environment, destroying and disrupting delicate ecosystems and local agriculture and livestock businesses. Local tropical tourist destination ecosystems also entice millions of travelers with their exotic flora and fauna, which have been profoundly altered by stray, roaming and feral cats who are opportunistic predators and eat small birds, mammals and lizards.20 Further, “a pair of cats producing two litters a year can exponentially produce as many as 420,000 over a period of seven years. Feral cats can therefore, by their sheer numbers compete with wildlife for space and for food reserves,” according to Dr. Mark Trotman, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Barbados. Destruction of biodiversity by stray animals represents a significant cost to local and global communities. The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) states that “[b]iodiversity allows us to live healthy and happy lives. It provides us with an array of foods and materials and it contributes to the economy. Without a diversity of pollinators, plants, and soils, our supermarkets would have a lot less produce.”21 Key to maintaining any ecosystem is the controlled and humane management of stray cats to prevent the loss of indigenous species that play the role of pollinators. Amos Bien from the United Nations Environment Programme has researched the economic benefits of protecting biodiversity in “green tourism” efforts and determined 6

that this area provides the best return on investment of any such initiatives. “Capital expenditure on greening the tourism sector can quickly be offset by the savings in operation costs, which include not only the costs of greening initiatives, but also the socioeconomic effects of lost tourism revenue,” Bien states. In one example, a leading sun and tourist destination in Spain, Bien found that “[s]avings by reducing operation costs from green programmes, compared with the capital expenditure, range from 174 per cent (hotel buildings operation efficiency) to 707 per cent (biodiversity conservation).”22 This indicates that investing in strategic programs to humanely manage feral cat populations are business initiatives that merit investment. In his discussion of the impact of stray cats and dogs on communities, Dr. Trotman further points out that stray dogs, often running in packs, harass and kill livestock regularly in Caribbean countries. He states that the damage inflicted on local agriculture businesses is problematic and worthy of being included in the economic impact of animal welfare programs at these locations.23 Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) (1996) estimates that 25,000– 27,000 domestic production animals (i.e., “livestock”) contract rabies as a result of exposure to dogs or other rabies vectors. While dogs pose little predation threat to African wildlife, leopards, lions, and hyenas do prey on dogs. Wild carnivore predation on dogs creates the risk of disease transmission for rabies, distemper, and parvovirus.24 All of these direct and indirect economic impacts related to stray cats and dogs represent serious considerations for not only local communities being affected, but also the larger community of the tourism industry that generates revenue from the health, safety, and well-being of these destinations.

Big Picture Benefits—Building Better Tourist Destination Communities The reasons that tourism businesses should care about tourist destination communities might seem obvious, but too often these conspicuous truths get blurred in the pursuit of corporate goals. According to the non-governmental organization (NGO), Pro Poor Tourism, there are four (4) facts that deserve consideration: 1. Tourism, more than most industries, depends on a stable operating environment within a destination. 2. Tourism is particularly vulnerable to local or international instability. 3. Tourism to poor destinations is growing. 4. Market trends reveal growing consumer awareness of socio-economic issues.25 In considering the impact of stray cats and dogs on local tourism communities, these factors play an important role in relating the economic benefits of the humane 7

management of stray animal populations to improving the community, and thus investing in building strong tourist destinations. For example, a stable environment (in terms of community services such as reliable power, safe water and food, adequate accommodations, access to professional health care, and protection against crime) can be seen as a must-have within a tourist destination’s qualifications. Notably, however, it was seen in the survey comments that many tourists have concerns about their personal safety when encountering stray cats and, especially, stray dogs. Yet, it appears that there is a lack of awareness on the part of the tourism industry and local tourist communities about the benefits to humanely managing stray animal populations as an important part of community stability. A properly managed and humane animal welfare program in a tourist destination community not only adds to the desirability of a destination and represents the community as a responsive partner to tourism companies, but also offers the community itself the benefits of improved safety and health. Such a program would further give travelers who care about socio-economic issues and animals an added incentive to visit this destination. And socially-conscious consumers put their money where their mouth is, according to Nielsen’s March 2012 Global Social Responsibility Report.26 In fact, “two-thirds of (66%) of consumers around the world say they prefer to buy products and services from companies that have implemented programs to give back to society. That preference extends to other matters, too: they prefer to work for these companies (62%), and invest in these companies (59%). A smaller share, but still nearly half (46%) say they are willing to pay extra for products and services from these companies.27 Not surprisingly, 45% of socially-conscious consumers think that companies should support the cause of animal protection.28 In North America, animal protection was ranked 5th out of ten causes in importance of social causes that companies should support.29 These sociallyconscious consumers, willing to “vote with their wallets” represent an opportunity for companies to direct their corporate social responsibility efforts toward making real differences for communities by supporting programs for the humane management of stray cats and dogs.

Helping Animals Helps People Developing countries, often the site of luxury tourist accommodations and attractions, are also home to free-roaming dog populations resulting in animal welfare and public health problems. “Free-roaming dogs face high mortality, malnutrition, starvation, disease, and abuse; account for 99%of cases of rabies transmission worldwide (WHO 2004); and are associated with more than sixty other zoonotic diseases (Beck 2000; Reece 2005). Additional social problems with free-roaming dogs include road accidents, fighting, noise, bitten children, fecal contamination, spread of rubbish, and uncontrolled breeding.” 30 8

Campaigns such as The World Society for the Protection of Animals’ Red Collar Program address the need for rabies vaccinations to protect communities and promote the end of mass killings of dogs as a solution to rabies.31 All leading global health organizations that are committed to controlling rabies 32 “agree that killing dogs does not control canine rabies and therefore has no impact on reducing the incidence of rabies in humans.”33 “Collars not Cruelty” is the campaign slogan inspired by the efforts of Bali Animal Welfare Association (BAWA ) to end the unnecessary killing of dogs by giving rabies vaccinated stray dogs at this tourist destination red collars to identify them and protect them from being brutally killed to control rabies. This compassionate effort was extremely successful after 210,000 dogs were given rabies vaccinations; there was a 48% decrease in human rabies cases and a 45% decrease in canine rabies reported in the tropical tourist destination of Bali.34 Though international health agencies and animal welfare organizations have mainly focused on eradicating the most deadly zoonotic diseases (diseases that can be transmitted from animals to people) such as rabies because of the sad physical conditions that most strays are in, the multitude of other zoonotic diseases associated with strays can affect the health and safety of local community residents and tourists. For example, roundworms, Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Fever, both transmitted through tick bites, along with other parasitic conditions such as scabies, ringworm, and toxoplasmosis can be transferred from strays to humans.35 The costs of these health issues on the local population have not been quantified but still represent significant impacts on tourist destination communities. There is also significant evidence that the inhumane treatment of animals is a leading indicator in violence against other humans. According to the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), “[a]cts of animal cruelty are linked to a variety of other crimes, including violence against people, property crimes, and drug or disorderly conduct offenses (Arluke & Luke, 1997).”36 Further, the HSUS cites research by the National School Safety Council, the U.S. Department of Education, the American Psychological Association, and the National Crime Prevention Council that animal cruelty is a warning sign for at-risk youth and indicates that children showing this behavior pose a risk to themselves as well as to others. In addition, chronic physical aggression by elementary school boys increases the likelihood they will commit continued physical violence as well as other nonviolent forms of delinquency during adolescence, with animal cruelty being a significant form of physical aggression (Broidy, et al., 2003).37 Domestic violence victims also can point to animal abuse as a forerunner to actual physical abuse against family members. Academic scholar Frank Ascione, a professor at the University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work Institute for Human-Animal 9

Connection, supports this thesis with numerous studies and research that makes it clear that there are connections between animal abuse, domestic violence, and child abuse.38 What does this mean for tourist destinations that struggle with humanely managing their stray cat and dog populations? Education on the humane treatment of animals can make a difference by giving tourist destinations a tool to address hidden sources of potential violence by community members through awareness of the link between these behaviors and crimes against persons, including domestic and child abuse. Awareness leads to positive changes for people and animals.

Combining Compassion and Cost Effectiveness for More Attractive Travel Products There is a growing awareness of the need for travel companies, tourist destination governments, and NGOs to address the humane management of stray cats and dogs at tourist destinations. Several high profile travel companies have stepped forward to lead initiatives to help communities compassionately care for their strays. For example, Air Transat, a business unit of Transat A.T. Inc., and Canada’s leading holiday airline, carrying over three (3) million passengers to nearly sixty (60) of the world’s top tourist destinations every year, is a leading contributor to the success of CANDi International’s spay/neuter clinics at the resort destination of Cancun, Mexico.39 Concerned with helping the communities it serves and also aware that stray cats and dogs can affect the holiday experience of their passengers, Air Transat’s support has allowed CANDi to spay or neuter well over five thousand cats and dogs since their clinics began in 2008. Air Transat’s commitment to customer service further extends to investing in research about the impact of stray cats and dogs on their passengers’ vacations by providing funding for the CANDi/HRC survey on which this report is based, in order to gain insight for the company on customer opinions.40 CANDi International has also partnered with the Association for Canadian Travel Agents (ACTA) to help spread the word to the association’s fourteen thousand (14,000) travel professionals about how tourists can help.41 ACTA came on board as a direct result of feedback from hundreds of clients. Additionally, CANDi International has also recently begun a partnership with Riu Hotels and Resorts, an international hotel chain with over one hundred (100) properties worldwide. In recognition of their corporate social responsibility at travel destinations where they have properties, Riu Hotels helps with accommodations for volunteer veterinarians and support staff and also maintains stray cat facilities (called Cat Cafés) at several of their properties including one in Playa del Carmen, Mexico. Meanwhile Thomas Cook Group plc, another major international travel provider, includes animal welfare in its sustainability efforts, and has also developed a corporate Animal Welfare Policy and strategy that recognizes the impact that tourism can have on animals.42 These are powerful examples of how tourism companies are 10

helping show other businesses how they can incorporate such initiatives within their own framework. Other international NGOs that are leading the way for animal-friendly vacations include: the Spanish animal welfare organization, The Foundation for the Adoption, Sponsorship and Defence of Animals (FAADA), which offers a Responsible Tourism guide for tourists;43 the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), offering tourists an online form to report animal cruelty at vacation spots;44 The Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad (SPANA), an organization that has published a guide for ethical animal tourism;45and Care for the Wild’s “Right Tourism” campaign to engage travel companies willing to take a pledge that they care about responsible and animal-friendly tourism.46 Though the emphasis for these organizations is on raising awareness for all animals impacted by tourism, not just stray cats and dogs, they all persuade tourism companies and local governments to focus on creating travel products and experiences that are animal-friendly for tourists that care, a model that can be extended to the humane care of stray cats and dogs.

The Role of Travel Companies to Get Local Government Support for Stray Cats and Dogs Whether it is to improve customer vacation experiences or in recognition of their corporate social responsibility, these billion-dollar travel companies and travel associations (such as Air Transat, ACTA, and Riu Hotels) all recognize the importance of the humane treatment of animals at the tourist destinations they serve. Additionally, their support can take it one step further by influencing local governments at these destinations to partner with their efforts in humane population managements programs for stray cats and dogs. All of these organizations have an enormous economic impact on communities by bringing millions of tourist dollars to these destinations, and therefore many travel companies are looked at as key partners that drive local economies. The political ramifications of this influence in helping promote the humane treatment of animals cannot be understated. Working with local governments, these corporations can create sustainable change for stray cats and dogs and communities by emphasizing how this will attract more visitors and improve civic revenues. Further, based on the tourist preferences presented in the CANDi/HRC survey data, travel companies in fact should acknowledge that it is a business imperative to begin these discussions. If large travel companies express their support for humane solutions with local governments and offer their partnership, communities will be more likely to agree to take action. Realistically, it is human nature that the desire to do good deeds is always predicated on “what’s in it for me.” So if travel companies and tourist destinations take heed of the 11

survey data as a small leak in a large ship that will only lead to a bigger hole to plug, and take immediate action, there could be change on a scale heretofore unknown at tourist destinations. This will bring much-needed help for animals and communities that have little resources of their own to implement humane solutions.

The Solution is NOT Mass Killings Stray and unwanted cats and dogs cost governments throughout the world billions of dollars each year in lost revenue and funding spent on ineffective population control programs. It is estimated that in the U.S. alone, billions in tax dollars are spent on dog population control every decade, with millions of healthy but homeless dogs euthanized every year.47 Sadly, communities in developing countries currently try to solve the stray cat and dog problem through many methods which are often inhumane and all of which ultimately do not adequately address the problem. For example, electrocution, drowning, poisoning, hanging, and other unthinkable methods of euthanasia are common in the developing countries where top tourist destinations are located. Especially heinous are the mass culls or roundups of strays that happen when stray populations get unmanageable or before tourist season and special events. Many of these have been well documented such as the recent spotlight by PETA on the Ukrainian government’s plan to cull stray cats and dogs before the Euro 2012 football championship being held in this country.48 Tourism companies and governments that sponsor and profit from these events need to be proactive and change the way they “do business” so that companies and communities are not economically hurt by the stigma of being known for these cruel mass culls and also to protect the animals from such cruelty. What most tourists don’t know is that mass killings go on in numerous popular tourist destination countries before peak tourism seasons begin. These killings are conducted on a regular basis and often involve cruel strategies to kill as many strays as possible for the least amount of resources. In some areas, bounties are placed on strays with tax incentives or cash payments offered, resulting in not only strays being killed but also family pets who are sacrificed for the reward money.49 These solutions are not only inhumane, but they also do not work because they do not address the root of the problem—uncontrolled reproduction of cats and dogs.50 The International Companion Animal Management Coalition (ICAM), a group made up of top international animal welfare organizations51 asserts that “[k]illing roaming dogs does not address the source of the animals and so will have to be repeated indefinitely.”52 These mass killings may even contribute to greater population growth because the remaining animals will have access to greater resources and reproduce faster.53

Unfortunately, the knee-jerk reaction by tourist destination communities to the tourist survey data presented above—that tourists are less likely to visit a destination where stray cats and dogs were seen while on vacation—could make the mass killings of stray cats and dogs sound like a solution. However, aside from being brutal, inhumane, and apt to attract global negative publicity to the destination, these mass killings are only a quick fix at best as the only long-term solution to managing stray cat and dog populations is sterilization. But many countries with limited resources mistakenly think they do not have the capacity to conduct ongoing sterilization programs in their communities. Conversely, sterilization is not only cost effective but also a permanent solution. In fact, many NGOs caring for stray cats and dogs at tourist destinations have dramatically reduced the cost of spay or neuter surgeries by effectively using donated resources.54 Exciting developments in cat and dog oral contraceptives could make costs even lower. 600 Million Stray Dogs Need You, an organization started by PETA cofounder Alex Pacheco, reports that it is currently in clinical trials for its revolutionary new birth control dog food, soon to be followed by a formula for cats.55 What if a world class tourist destination like Mexico, already considered a leader in the global eradication of rabies, could partner with these NGOs to support sterilization programs and also invest in exciting new technologies such as sterilization dog food? Stray cat and dog populations would disappear over a few years. Such an investment would pay for itself by attracting more tourists and benefiting local communities. Though there are no publically available figures to substantiate the costs of mass kills and inhumane euthanasia, it can be postulated that the operational costs of rounding up millions of cats and dogs on an ongoing basis is more expensive for local communities over time than conducting regular sterilization programs that permanently end the problem of stray cats and dogs and improve the community forever.

Conclusion Today, most of us can travel anywhere in the world we want, just by pushing “enter” on a travel provider’s website and packing our suitcases. The choices of where and how to travel have become increasingly abundant. From the CANDi/HRC survey data, however, 41% of us, representing millions of concerned tourists, are less likely to choose travel destinations where we have witnessed the suffering of stray cats and dogs, while 7% will not even consider traveling to these vacation spots at all. Additionally, many tourists will seek travel opportunities within their own countries or destinations where they know safety nets exist for these animals. For example, travelers in search of a tropical vacation destination with fewer stray cats and dogs may turn to destinations such as Hawaii where there are programs in place that promote the humane care of any strays. For travel companies, the implications are clear— helping stray cats and dogs at tourist destinations makes a lot of business sense. Companies can make their customers happy 13

by including the humane management of stray cats and dogs as a corporate social responsibility and working with travel destinations to implement ongoing cost effective but humane solutions to reduce the stray population and also take care of the cats and dogs already suffering. These solutions have economic impacts far beyond just pleasing tourists; the humane management of stray cat and dog populations improves the environment by conserving biodiversity, safeguards the health and safety of tourists and tourist destination community members, protects agricultural concerns, and supports education and awareness that violence against animals leads to violence against people. Showing tourists that they care about stray cats and dogs could keep millions of customers from booking with a competing travel company or change the minds of the thousands and thousands of tourists who will opt to visit another tourist destination. But perhaps more importantly, with the help of the tourism industry, the cats and dogs who are suffering in the most beautiful vacation spots in the world will finally get a chance at the lives they deserve.

No longer starving and emaciated, Cancun street dog Luna (shown on the cover of the report) enjoys a happy, new life after her rescue in 2013 by Tracey Buyce and CANDi International.

About the Author Diana Webster is a Los Angeles-based writer, attorney, and business professional with over twenty years of experience in the travel industry. After a life-changing encounter in 2006, with a stray dog while on vacation in Mexico, she began working to find a solution for the problem of strays at tourist destinations. Her website and blog, Humane Advisor, www.humaneadvisor.com, focuses on animal welfare and how tourists can help. For more information, contact her at: Diana@humaneadvisor.com.

References 1

The actual estimated stray cat and dog population is over six hundred million, Alex Pacheco, 600 Million Stray Dogs Need You Organization, (www.600milliondogs.org, 2013). 2 Survey conducted in August 2012. Responses were received from 1,000 U.S. tourists and 200 Canadian tourists. 3 CANDi International Organization. http://ww.candiinternational.org 4 Humane Research Council Organization. http://ww.humaneresearch.org 5 The Nielsen Company, “A Nielsen Report, The Global, Socially Conscious Consumer,” (The Nielsen Company, 2012). http://www.nielsen.com/us/en.html 6 CANDi/HRC survey comments. 7 Other animals usually found at tourist destinations such as working animals, exotic animals, and animals used in animal attractions were not included. 8 Stacey Santos, “2012 Social Media and Tourism Industry Statistics,” (Stikky Media, 2012), http://www.stikkymedia.com/blog/2012-social-media-and-tourism-industry-statistics 9 “Travel & Tourism Larger Industry than Automotive Manufacturing, (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2012), http://www.wttc.org/news-media/news-archive/2012/travel-tourism-larger-industry-automotivemanufacturing/ 10 “Travel & Tourism Still Robust Despite Uncertain Global Economic Picture,” (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2012), http://www.wttc.org/news-media/news-archive/2012/wttc-travel-tourism-still-robustdespite-uncertain-global-econom/ 11 “Research and Markets: Pet Care Forecast Revisit 2012: How Resilient Is the Global Market?,” (Euromonitor International, 2012), http://www.euromonitor.com/pet-care-forecast-revisit-2012-howresilient-is-the-global-market-/report 12 Theresa Bradley, “The Dog Index: What Man’s Best Friend Tells Us About Global Economic Development,” (Quartz, 2012), http://qz.com/26579/the-dog-index-what-mans-best-friend-tells-usabout-global-economic-development/ 13 Packaged Facts, “$57 Billion Pet Industry Walks the Line -- but Readies for More,” (Market Wired, 2012), http://finance.yahoo.com/news/57-billion-pet-industry-walks-173800616.html 14 MarketLine, “Petcare in Canada,“ (Research and Markets, 2012), http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2113061/pet_care_in_canada 15 Paula Flores, "Pet Humanization Continues to Drive the Global Pet Care Market," (Euromonitor International, August 2012), http://blog.euromonitor.com/2012/08/pet-humanization-continues-to-drivethe-global-pet-care-market.html 16 “U.S. Citizen Traffic to Overseas Regions, Canada & Mexico 2012,” (U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 2012), http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/view/m-2012-O-001/index.html 17 “Mexi-Go! Expo 2012,” (Association of Canadian Travel Agents-ACTA, 2012), http://www.acta.ca/%5Cdestination-highlights/mexigo 18 Christopher Elliott, “Repeat Visits are Good for Travelers and Hotels,” (St. Louis Post Dispatch, November 21, 2010), http://www.stltoday.com/travel/christopher-elliott/repeat-visits-are-good-fortravelers-and-hotels/article_5bb3adac-6a1b-52bd-8139-55d23b5fd497.html 19 Elliott, “Repeat Visits are Good for Travelers and Hotels.” 20 Dr. Mark Trotman, D.V.M., “Regional realities: Impact of stray dogs and cats on the community, Impact on economy, including tourism, Impact on livestock, wildlife and the environment,” (Caribbean Animal Welfare Conference, May 2006), http://www.hsi.org/assets/pdfs/regional_realities.pdf 21 “What is Biodiversity?,” (National Wildlife Federation, 2012), http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/WildlifeConservation/Biodiversity.aspx

Amos Bien, “Tourism Investing in Energy and Resource Efficiency,” (United Nations Environment Programme, 2011), http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Portals/24147/scp/business/tourism/greeneconomy_tourism.p df 23 Trotman, “Regional realities.” Page 3. 24 Jennifer Jackman and Andrew Rowan, “The State of Animals IV 2007,” Chapter 3, “Free Roaming Dogs in Developing Countries: The Benefit of Capture, Neuter, and Return Programs,” (Humane Society Press, 2007), http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/hsp/soaiv_07_ch3.pdf, 25 Dilys Roe, Harold Goodwin, and Caroline Ashley, “The Tourism Industry and Poverty: A Business Primer,” (Pro Poor Tourism Info, 2002), http://propoortourism.info/documents/Roe2002.pdf 26 The Nielsen Company, “A Nielsen Report, The Global Socially-Conscious Consumer, March 2012,” (The Nielsen Company, March 2012). The survey was conducted in August/September of 2011, and polled more than 28,000 consumers in 56 countries throughout Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and North America. 27 The Nielsen Company, “The Global Socially-Conscious Consumer, March 2012.” 28 The Nielsen Company, “The Global Socially-Conscious Consumer, March 2012.” Figure 2. 29 The Nielsen Company, “The Global Socially-Conscious Consumer, March 2012.” Figure 4. 30 Jackman and Rowan, “Free Roaming Dogs in Developing Countries.” 31 World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), “WSPA Red Collar Campaign”, (World Society for the Protection of Animals), http://www.wspa-international.org/red-collar/default.aspx#.UTeiINYmn9o 32 World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 33 World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), “Why a world without rabies is not a world without dogs: WSPA’s campaign for the mass vaccination of dogs and the end of brutal mass killing,” (World Society for the Protection of Animals, 2011), http://www.wspainternational.org/Images/Collars%20no%20cruelty%20-%20Campaign%20Report%20-%20V3_tcm2523916.pdf#false 34 World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), “Why a World without Rabies is Not a World without Dogs.” Page 6. 35 Trotman, “Regional realities.” 36 The Humane Society of the United States, “First Strike-The Violence Connection,” (The Humane Society of the United States, 2008), http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/abuse/first_strike.pdf 37 . The Humane Society of the United States, “First Strike-The Violence Connection.” 38 Ian Urbana, “Animal Abuse as Clue to Additional Cruelties,” (New York Times, March 17, 2010), http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/18/us/18animal.html?_r=0. For a list of Dr. Frank Ascione’s research on this subject, see: http://www.humananimalconnection.org/resources.htm 39 Air Transat website, “Air Transat Profile,” (Air Transat, 2013), http://www.airtransat.ca/en/Aboutus/Profile?ID=35&type=voyageur&tmpl=GEN 40 Air Transat provided a matching grant to supplement HRC’s funding of the tourist survey conducted by an independent national survey organization. 41 “Association of Canadian Travel Agents (ACTA) Endorsements,” (Association of Canadian Travel AgentsACTA, 2013), http://www.acta.ca/endorsements 42 Thomas Cook Group plc, “Thomas Cook Animal Welfare Policy,” http://sustainability2010.thomascookgroup.com/downloads/pdf/policy-animal-welfare.pdf 43 The Foundation for the Adoption, Sponsorship and Defence of Animals (FAADA), “Responsible Tourism Guide,” (FAADA, 2013), http://turismo-responsable.com/en 44 World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), “Animal Friendly Tourism,” (WSPA, 2013), http://www.wspa-international.org/helping/animalfriendlyliving/travel.aspx#.URP7sR19zi4 45 The Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad (SPANA), “Responsible Animal Tourism,” (SPANA, 2012), https://spana.org/tourism

The Care for the Wild Organization, “Travel Operators—Getting it RIGHT,” (Right Tourism, 2013), http://right-tourism.com/getting-it-right/travel-operators/ 47 Lynn Dowling, “600 Million Stray Dogs’ Humanitarian Alex Pacheco,” (The American Dog Magazine, 2012), http://www.theamericandogmag.com/philanthropy-and-role-models/humanitarian-alex-pacheco 48 For an innovative and inoffensive video commentary on the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Euro 2012 football championship matches impact on stray dogs in the Ukraine, see: http://youtu.be/aVBmyKDl0yE 49 Fox News Latino, “Mexican Town Slammed for Offering Tax Exemption for Euthanizing Dogs,” (Fox News Latino, 2011), http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/08/16/mexican-town-offeringmoney-for-sacrificing-dogs/ 50 World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), “Working with Strays: A Humane Alternative,” (World Society for the Protection of Animals, 2012), http://www.wspainternational.org/wspaswork/dogs/strayanimals/default.aspx#.URVBqB19zi4 51 Member organizations are: Royal Society for the Protection of Animals (RSPCA); Humane Society International (HSI); International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW); World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA); Alliance for Rabies Control (ARC); and the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW). 52 International Companion Animal Management Coalition, “Humane Dog Population Guidance,” (International Companion Animal Management Coalition, November 2007), http://www.icamcoalition.org/downloads/Humane_Dog_Population_Management_Guidance_English.pdf 53 International Companion Animal Management Coalition, “Humane Dog Population Guidance.” 54 Organizations that report spay or neuter costs of $20.00 USD per animal and lower: CANDi International, www.candiinternational.org; Himalyan Animal Rescue Trust (HART), www.hartnepal.org; Bali Animal Welfare Association (BAWA), www.bawabali.com; All Sato Rescue, www.allsatorescue.org; 55 Alex Pacheco, “600 Million Stray Dogs Need You FAQs,” (www.600milliondogs.org, 2013).

LOCAL ANIMAL NONPROFITS Grand Strand Pet donates over $1,500 per month on each 501(c)(3) animal non-profit in media coverage, event sponsorhip, wish list drives, and so much more. If you would like your 501(c)(3) to be included email us here!

nimal shelters provide care and treatment to animals needing protection, attempt to find homes for homeless animals and reunite lost pets with their families. When necessary, animal shelters provide a humane death for homeless or unadoptable animals. Today’s shelters range from single rooms with multiple cages to state-of-the-art facilities with amenities that might rival some hotels. The “luxury” features, like piped-in music and waterfalls serve to reduce the stress to the animals in the facilities and make the shelter an inviting and positively viewed destination rather than a depressing one to be avoided—thus increasing the chances that the animals at the shelter will find a new home.

LEARN Horse Rescue

An all volunteer 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, we rescue and rehabilitate neglected and abused horses in need with the goal of placing them in responsible lifelong homes. L.E.A.R.N. is committed to providing potential horse owners with the information necessary to make informed decisions about horse ownership prior to adopting or purchasing a horse. Horses require specialized routine medical care, a unique diet, and a space to call home that is adequate in size and safety, in addition to regular exercise, grooming, and personal interaction with their human family. CLICK HERE for more information.

The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach

The mission of The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach is to find loving and permanent homes for abandoned animals; provide first-rate veterinary care through our experienced, local veterinarians; offer low-cost spay and neuter programs for dogs and cats; and to reach out to children, teachers, and parents through the education of pet responsibility. The heart of our organization is our dedication and professionalism. The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization.

WARM Waccamaw Animal Rescue Mission (WARM) is a registered nonprofit organization (501-C-3) in Conway, South Carolina. A NOKILL refuge whose mission is to rescue and rehabilitate companion animals and wildlife. WARM is an absolutely no-kill shelter, we never kill for convenience. No healthy or curable animals are ever killed. Animals are euthanized only when they are no longer happy being alive and whose pain or discomfort cannot be alleviated. Each animal is given every possible chance for life. WARM rescues and rehabilitates domestic animals which have been abandoned or abused, and locates loving homes. Prior to adoption WARM provides spay/neuter, vaccine, preventatives, and the insertion of a microchip for permanent identification.

Greyhound Crossroads

Every Greyhound in the Right Home ~ Every Home With The Right Support! We are Pro-Greyhound, Racing Neutral, and Anti-Abuse. We are an all -volunteer 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. To learn more about us click here.

We also have our annual Beach Bound Hounds Expo in Myrtle Beach September 2015! Details by clicking here. Join Us!

Saint Frances Animal Center

Our mission is to provide a safe and nurturing environment for abandoned and mistreated dogs and cats until they can be placed in loving homes. Raising awareness through public education, community outreach and a wellness clinic, we seek to promote respect for the live of cats and dogs by breaking the cycle of abuse, neglect and pet overpopulation in our community. Saint Frances Animal Center is a 501 (c)(3) not-for-profit organization serving Georgetown County. Trap-Neuter-Release Program (TNR) This program has been an effective way of controlling Georgetown Countyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s feral cat population. Animal Wellness Clinic We address animal overpopulation through our Animal Wellness Clinic by offering affordable and high quality clinics for vaccines, surgeries and Veterinary care. Everyone can take part in saving lives and can enhance the quality of life to someoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pet. Spayed and neutered pets are better, more affectionate companions. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION Click Here for the latest news coverage on dog fighting from Executive Director of Saint Francis Animal Center

From rags to riches: Read about a horse rescue in Washington state that is making a difference in the lives of many horses. Find out the top 5 reasons to adopt a rescue horse. - See more at: https://www.doubledtrailers.com/from-slaughtertrailer-to-dressage-champion-5-reasons-to-adopt-a-rescue-horse/#sthash.N8KP7 w5C.dpuf

On the next page is a photo gallery of Whisper along with his story. "When I first saw Whisper, I was shocked. This horse had been severely abused, leaving him emaciated, burned and starved. Others suggested I euthanize him, but the look of quiet determination in his eyes moved me. They seemed to ask "Where have you been?" It took us months to return him to health and throughout he was compliant and patient. I slept in his stall, changed his bandages, and debrided his burns. His first attempt to neigh a greeting at my return was labored, a faint whisper that delighted my soul. This horse, who today greets us with a hearty neigh, has taught me and all who know him, much about courage, hope, and forgiveness." Elizabeth Steed, Director and Founder, L.E.A.R.N. Horse Rescue

Whisper came to L.E.A.R.N. in critically grave condition, one of the worst cases of starvation and abuse we've yet to encounter. He was rated a .5 on the Henneke Scale of Equine Body Conditioning--a 1 is the lowest recorded score and equates to a "walking skeleton." He also had a severe case of Rain Rot (also known as dermatophilosis, Rain Rot is caused by a bacterial infection), as well as a large area on his left flank with extensive tissue damage due to an extreme chemical burn that had become infected with maggots . After weeks of round the clock care and intense medical rehabilitation, not to mention overwhelming faith and love from our volunteer staff and supporters, Whisper began what would be a slow, but thoroughly miraculous recovery. Although he has lingering scars which present special physical challenges for him...the daily threat of sunburn being one...today he is a robust and healthy fellow. Whisper is considered a "Medicine Hat" Paint, which isn't a specific breed of Paint Horse, but rather denotes his unique markings and coloration. Legend has the Medicine Hat horse appearing in Native American culture, being used as a Ceremonial Horse, Buffalo Runner, and a War Horse. Some of the Plains tribes considered the Medicine Hat to be supernatural protection from harm. Being mostly white in coloration, paintings of special symbols were used on Medicine Hats to add strength to the horse and depict special happenings, such as battles and captured ponies, in the life of his rider. They were considered so special that only tribal chiefs, medicine men, and great warriors were allowed to ride them. To donate to Whisper's Fund, click here Watch the LEARN video on the previous page. Go to LEARN Horse Rescue website by clicking here. For information on adoptable horses click here. Located in Ravenel, SC, contact us here. Events page here.

The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach Young, handsome, affectionate and playful. That sums up our Rhino! At 1 year old & 45 pounds, Rhino has been growing up very well. He gets excited when you take him for his walk and loves to jump to express his happiness. He likes to explore the play yard, but isn't particularly interested in playing fetch. He walks like a gentleman on a leash. He enjoys giving hugs and receiving caresses from you! If you think he is a perfect match for you, come on over and meet this sweet dog.

Meet Gotham! Gotham got her name because she looked like Bat Cat when she was just a wee little kitty. Feeling that bat cat was not a proper name, we named her after the City that Batman was there to save. Gotham is such a treat to have at the shelter but we would really like to see her go to her forever home and be a hero to her future human. guar

Gimme Shelter Fifteen years ago, in North Myrtle Beach, a small group of women came together to form The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach and operate the City of North Myrtle Beach Animal Shelter. Like any new agency, HSNMB struggled financially in the beginning, but the dedication and hard work of its leaders and supporters have persevered. Our community has come together time after time to raise up our organization and support our ultimate mission of helping every animal in need. I am sure many of you have been touched by the work that The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach does. Whether it is a rescued animal you brought into the shelter, a pet you lost but retrieved at the shelter or an animal you have adopted, HSNMB has touched thousands upon thousands of lives in our community—both two-legged and four-legged. The dedicated visionaries who founded our group had many goals: to find loving and permanent homes for abandoned animals; provide first-rate veterinary care through our experienced, local veterinarians; offer low-cost spay and neuter programs for dogs and cats; and to reach out to children, teachers, and parents through the education of pet responsibility. Today, we can feel proud that we have accomplished much of this. With the help of our passionate volunteers and our amazing staff here at HSNMB, we are accomplishing great things in keeping animals safe from harm and giving them a second chance in life. Looking to the future, we can’t help but wonder what is in store for our little animal shelter. I think we all agree that it is time to pave the way for major change. It is time for us to put a greater emphasis on spay and neuter, continue to improve how animals are treated in our community and finally begin the steps to build a new, more modern animal shelter. When it comes to our facility on Bay Street, I think most of us will agree that our animals deserve more. We all have a responsibility to make certain that when animals in our community are lost, abused, abandoned or surrendered, they have a clean, comfortable place to stay until they are reunited with their owner or re-homed. We also have to ensure that when people come and visit us for adoptions, education or volunteering, they experience a place that is happy and enjoyable. Although we have a lot on our plate—spay/neuter programs, sustainable fundraising initiatives and foster / volunteer/ education programs—what is not lost on us is that we must start to plan what the future of The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach looks like and what kind of animal shelter we will build. It is an exciting time to be involved with us. We have an energized staff and board, fantastic volunteers and judging from record breaking adoption numbers from January 2015, a whole new group of friends who are willing to help make our dreams a reality. 100 years from now, future generations of our community will look back at us—a passionate group of animal lovers who followed in the footsteps of those who came years before—and changed the lives of animals in our community once and for all. As we look towards the next 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years, I hope you will join us in making our dreams for animals in this community a reality.

Roxy was adopted from our shelter in 2010. Her owner recently passed away unexpectedly and she had no one to care for her. Roxy loves the people she knows and can be somewhat protective of them around strangers. She has been an inside dog her whole life and is rather frightened of thunderstorms. This sweet lady really deserves a loving home! If you aren't a member of The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach, I encourage you to join. Your dues are an important part of our budget, and as you know, we are always in need of money. You, as an individual are also very important to the running of the Society and its many programs and events, and we need for you to get involved as a Volunteer or Foster Parent if you have the time. Even an hour per week would help make the lives of the animals in our care more meaningful. You can become a member or sign up to volunteer and/or foster online at www.hsnmb.or g

We hope to see you soon at the Shelter! Meanwhile, stay warm and wish for Spring. See You at the Shelter, Tina Hunter Shelter Manager The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach 843-249-4948 409 Bay St. / PO Box 3369 North Myrtle Beach SC 29582 shelter@sccoast.net www.humanesocietynmb.org Meet Molly! Molly is a super sweet kitty who would really enjoy a home with activities to keep her little kitty mind growing. She is a very smart cat who enjoys the mental stimulation of laser tag and feather toys. Molly would make an excellent companion in a home with just about anyone. She loves every one that she encounters! Come by the Humane Society and meet Molly today!

Molly The Super Sweet Kitty

The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach The mission of The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach is to find loving and permanent homes for abandoned animals; provide first-rate veterinary care through our experienced, local veterinarians; offer low-cost spay and neuter programs for dogs and cats; and to reach out to children, teachers, and parents through the education of pet responsibility. The heart of our organization is our dedication and professionalism. The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization.

409 Bay Street, North Myrtle Beach, SC 29582 (843) 249-4948 - Phone (843) 249-1368 - Fax nmbhumanesociety@gmail.com Mailing Address: PO Box 3369, North Myrtle Beach, SC 29582 Hours of Operation: Sunday: Closed Monday: Closed Tuesday: 11am - 5pm Wednesday: 11am - 5pm Thursday: 11am - 6pm Friday: 11am - 6pm Saturday: 11am - 4pm For information on adoptable pets, click here.

Calendar of Events CLICK HERE The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach Shelter Manager, Tina Hunter, has dedicated 17 years of tenure helping pets find new homes. She with Sandi Kendrick, Executive Director, and the many other compassionate members of the team along with caring volunteers, sponsors, and fosters have an action packed calendar of events planned for 2015 to help empty the shelter. Adoption Fees: Regular: $77 ($57 if the animal arrived at the shelter already spayed or neutered) Senior (60 years & older): $62 Wednesday Special: $62 Adoption Fees Include: Spay or neuter (surgery is completed before going home) Micro-chipping of pet At least one set of shots and worming Rabies vaccination if the animal is at least 16

weeks old Dogs 4 months and older are tested for heartworm All cats are tested for Feline Leukemia Medical records Information on health care and training tips "Care Kit" All animals adopted into the City of North Myrtle Beach are required to have a city license. The fee is $5.00 annually for altered animals. Licenses must be purchased at the time of adoption. Reduced adoption rates are offered throughout the year. Check our Calendar of Events for exact dates. Home Again Microchipping Now Available for $25.00 when adopting a pet from us. Click here to read some Adoption Success Stories. For more information, Contact Us Today!

True love is waiting.

MARCH EVENT

BLUEGRASS FESTIVAL

SUNDAY, MARCH 29 11 AM - 3 PM MB HARLEY-DAVIDSON 4710 S. Kings Highway FREE Family Friendly/ Pet Friendly Festival

WACCAMAW ANIMAL RESCUE MISSION A no-kill shelter rescuing, rehabilitating and finding loving homes for stray, abandoned and abused companion animals. www.warmfarms.org 843-347-6583

Entertainment, Food, Fun & Adoptable Dogs from W.A.R.M. ALL PROCEEDS WILL BENEFIT W.A.R.M. 843-369-5555 for info

Waccamaw Animal Rescue Mission (WARM) is a registered non-profit organization (501-C-3) in Conway, South Carolina. A NO-KILL refuge whose mission is to rescue and rehabilitate companion animals and wildlife. Donations provide transportation, food, medicine and housing for injured and orphaned animals . WARM is organized by a Board of Directors & volunteers who all donate their time toward helping the organization. Julie Finlayson is a well known local naturalist with 35 years experience in wildlife rehabilitation. Her education includes certificate in wildlife rehabilitation, Master in Science & Education, and a degree in Biology. She shares her knowledge with others through teaching and seminars. WARM is an absolutely no-kill shelter, we never kill for

convenience. No healthy or curable animals are ever killed. Animals are euthanized only when they are no longer happy being alive and whose pain or discomfort cannot be alleviated. Each animal is given every possible chance for life.

WARM rescues and rehabilitates domestic animals which have been abandoned or abused, and locates loving homes. Prior to adoption WARM provides spay/neuter, vaccine, preventatives, and the insertion of a microchip for permanent identification.

WARM is committed to returning wild animals to

suitable habitats following rehabilitation. For those animals that release proves impossible, our facility becomes a permanent home where the animal joins our education "staff" The pup in the videos, Pip, was born with no front legs. His parents belonged to a private breeder and because of his affliction, was scheduled to be euthanized. Hating to see the pup euthanized, a neighbor called WARM and WARM took him in. As Julie Finlayson, the Director of WARM, states in the video â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Pip doesn't know there is anything wrong with him. He runs and plays with the other small dogs at WARM and is just a happy, healthy little dog. Pip loves everyone he meets and everyone who meets Pip falls in love with him. Information on their adoptable pets, click here.

Run/Walk All proceeds benefit your local animal shelter,

St. Frances Animal Center

The run will begin at East Bay Park in Georgetown, SC. Pets & Strollers welcome. Registration includes T-Shirt Awards for Top 3 Overall Male/Female and Top 3 in Divisions

Saturday, April 25, 2015 Packet Pickup 7:30 to 8:45. 5K will start at 9AM Early Registration: 5K individual $35 Teams: $30 Per Person Fun Run $15 Includes T-Shirt & Medal

Registration day of Event $50

For Information:

843-546-0780

SAINT FRANCES ANIMAL CENTER

Saint Frances Animal Center is a 501 (c)(3) not-for-profit organization serving Georgetown County. Saint Frances Animal Center mission is to provide a safe and nurturing environment for abandoned and mistreated dogs and cats until they can be placed in loving homes. Raising awareness through public education, community outreach and a wellness clinic, seeking to promote respect for the lives of cats and dogs by breaking the cycle of abuse, neglect and pet overpopulation in the community. History of Saint Frances Animal Center The Saint Frances Animal Center was created in 1983 by a small group of community members concerned about the plight of the area’s soaring population of homeless dogs and cats. Then known as the Georgetown County Humane Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the group pushed for – and won – significant improvements in humane care for animals and made great strides in ensuring better efforts were made to find responsible adoptive homes. Led by Pawleys Island resident Betty Harris, public education about both the joys and responsibilities of adding a pet to the family and establishing a spay and neuter program were key initiatives. It soon became apparent that more space was needed to care for the dogs and cats while loving, adoptive families were being sought. Negotiations with city officials resulted in the acquisition of an old house that was placed on the lot behind the city dog pound on Ridge Road. It was remodeled and repaired for use as an animal shelter, through a combination of volunteer labor and a trust established in the 70s by local animal lover Laura Abrams.

On December 13, 1986, the Georgetown County Humane Society opened its doors. The shelter was originally set up to house 50 animals, but in no time, there was as many as 80. A manager and an assistant were hired to run shelter operations and Dr. Randy Smith served as veterinary advisor. The organization achieved some public awareness and support, but things did not go smoothly in those early years. Money was tight, staff turnover was high and basic needs – such as a runs for medium and large dogs – were lacking. A generous donation provided a cat room and an outside dog run, which proved helpful. However, finances were still a constant concern. Worse still, in early 1998 Betty Harris was diagnosed with an illness that had a poor prognosis. The fate of the Humane Society looked very bleak. Financially there was only enough money to get through the end of the year. Newsletters were sent out informing supporters of the dire situation. And then something wonderful happened. In the fall, a long-time loyal supporter from Pawleys Island set up a charitable trust for the society in accordance with her deceased husband’s wishes. She also donated some personal money to help the shelter get back on its feet. Her only request was for her identity to be kept confidential and the money to be put to good use. Staff, volunteers and supporters alike were ecstatic. The funds were used to purchase desperately needed equipment and hire more staff to provide proper care for the animals. Cooperative relationships with local animal control and city and county officials also were established, allowing a unified approach to caring for homeless pets and great camaraderie. Adopt-A-Pet days and flea markets were held, increasing publicity by leaps and bounds.

Animal Abuse Protections and the South Carolina Protection from Domestic Abuse Act For some time those involved in animal abuse response and protection were aware of the connections to domestic abuse. I have read stories of perpetrators either harming, or threatening to harm an animal as a method of psychological torture or control. When I practiced law in Family Court, I had people in my office tell me how their paramour threatened to kill or torture the pet if he or she dissolved the relationship. According to the ASPCA, twelve (12) separate studies have reported between 18 and 48 percent of battered women, and their children, postpone leaving an abusive relationship in fear for what could happen to their animals . Prior to June 5, 2014, South Carolina Family Court Judges did not have the statutory authority to order the removal of a pet animal from a domestic abusive situation by way of an order of protection. However, on June 6, 2014, Governor Nikki Haley signed a bill amending the Protection from Domestic Abuse Act by permitting Family Court Judges to order the removal of a family pet, with or without assistance from law enforcement, from a domestic abuse situation. The statute can be found in the South Carolina Code of Laws, Section 20-4-60(C)(5), which providesWhen the Court has, after a hearing for any order of protection, issued an order of protection, it may, in addition provide for temporary possession of the personal property, including pet animals, of the parties and order assistance from law enforcement officers in removing personal property of the Petitioner, if the Respondent’s eviction has not been ordered. Kudos to South Carolina lawmakers for enacting legislation that adds another

layer of protection for domestic violence victims and their animals, which generally are the victims’ sole sources of unconditional love and support. If you have any questions about this article or any animal law related issues, please feel free to call me at 843-546-0780, or email me at bafloyd@sf animals.org. BRADLEY A. FLOYD EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SAINT FRANCES ANIMAL CENTER CLICK HERE for the latest news interview with Bradley A. Floyd, Executive Director.

Center Location and Phone Number:

25 North Ridge Street, Georgetown, SC 29440 (behind the DMV down Ridge Street) 843-546-0780 Center Hours for Adoptions and Tours: Monday: 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Tuesday: 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Wednesday: 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Thursday: 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Friday: 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Saturday: 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Sunday: CLOSED Animal Wellness Clinic Hours: Vaccine Clinic: Monday – Thursday10:00 am – 4:00 pm (walk-in) Surgery Clinic: Monday & Wednesday 8:00 am – 4:00 pm (by appointment) Vet Clinic: Tuesday & Thursday10:00 am – 2:00 pm (by appointment)

Adoption Fees Include: Spay or neuter

Health wellness examination

Up-to-date vaccines Microchip 30 day of pet insurance Adoption Fees: Generally $50-$150 depending on age (we also run regular adoption fee specials) Email adoptions@sfanimals.org Volunteers Needed: Dog walkers at the Center and at offsite adoption events (weekly at PetSmart in Surfside Beach) Persons experienced and interested in writing grants Email volunteer@sfanimals.org ADOPTIONS CLICK HERE to see all the animals that currently call Saint Frances home. Before you can adopt an animal, you will need to meet with one of our adoption counselors and complete our Adoption Questionnaire. Call the Center 843-546-0780 ext 25 or email adoptions@sfanimals.org It’s very simple….you will need to: Complete the Adoption Questionnaire (Click Here To Download Form) and email to adoptio ns@sfanimals.org Meet with the animals to meet your forever friend. Please allow yourself at least one hour to complete the adoption. If you are coming to adopt, please remember to bring your dog and/or children to ensure your new pet is a the right match for your home. **Requirements to adopt: Must be 18 years or older and all pets in home must be spayed and/or neutered**

Cat Spaya-Thon Cats Only $25 for Cat Spays!

In celebration of World Spay Day, Saint Frances Animal Center is having their own Cat Spay Day on Saturday, March 7 at their Animal Wellness Clinic. Saint Frances did over 1,600 spay/neuter surgeries last year to help decrease the pet overpopulation in the Grand Strand area. Here are a few spay/neuter facts from HSUS for you. ---Pets can get pregnant as young as 4 months ---Only 2% of 30-40 million community cats in the US are spayed/neutered ---Pets who live in the states with the highest rates of spaying/neutering also live the longest. Neutered male dogs live 18% longer and spayed female dogs live 23% longer (article in USA Today on May 7, 2013).

Lost and Found Dogs and Cats in Georgetown County. Contact Saint Frances Animal Center and place a Lost or Found Report. Georgetown Animal Control picks up dogs, does not pick up cats. CLICK HERE FOR INFO

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cruelty... Animal abuse rarely occurs in a vacuum. Exciting new research is proving how it’s often LINKed with crimes against humans, especially domestic violence, child maltreatment and elder abuse. The areas where these forms of family violence intersect is called “The LINK” -- and new policies and programs are addressing The LINK to prevent animal abuse and human violence. Learn more -- Join the National LINK Coalition -- it’s free!

www.NationalLinkCoalition.org

Over the past 30 years, researchers and professionals in a variety of human services and animal welfare disciplines have established significant correlations between animal abuse, child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, elder abuse and other forms of violence. Mistreating animals is no longer seen as an isolated incident that can be ignored: it is often an indicator or predictor crime and a â&#x20AC;&#x153;red flagâ&#x20AC;? warning sign that other family members in the household may not be safe. We call this species-spanning interconnectedness of different forms of violence The Link. The National Link Coalition is a multidisciplinary, collaborative initiative to increase awareness and address public policy, programs and research. We serve as the National Resource Center on The Link between Animal Abuse and Human Violence. We want to stop the cycle of violence that often affects multiple family members. To achieve this critical goal, we need your help. Read more about The Link. Visit our online library to learn even more.

NATIONAL COALITIO

PETSA D DO

AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLE CE

STIC VIO ENCE ACTS

DID YOU KNOW? • •

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13% of intentional animal abuse cases involve 1 domestic violence. Investigation of animal abuse is often the first point of social services intervention for a family experiencing domestic violence. 2 55% of domestic violence victims report that their pets are very important sources of emotional support. J

THE LINK BETWEEN PET ABUSE AND DV •

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Domestic violence victims whose baUerers abused their pets reported more than twice as many incidents of child abuse than domestic violence victims whose batterers had not abused their pets. 4 Batterers threaten, harm, or kill their children's pets in order to coerce them into sexual abuse or to force them to remain silent about abuse. s

PET ABUSE AS PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE •

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71 % of pet owners entering domestic violence shelters report that their batterer had threatened, injured, or killed family pets. 6 One study found that 87% of batterer-perpetrated incidents of pet abuse are committed in the presence of their partners for the purpose of revenge or control.? Studies show that 62% to 76% of batterer-perpetrated pet abuse incidents occur in the presence of children 8 Domestic violence victims whose batterers abused their animals see the animal cruelty as one or more violent episode in a long history of violence aimed at them and their families. 9

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25% to 40% of domestic violence victims are unable to escape their abusers because they worry about what will happen to their pets or livestock should they leave.'o Victims of domestic violence have been known to live in their cars for as long as four months until an opening was available at a pet-friendly safe house or shelter. 11 One study found that 49% of pet-owning victims who fled their abusers and sought shelter continued to worry about their animals after entering shelter. 12

TIPS FOR VICTIMS WITH PETS 13

• If possible consider and plan for the safety and welfare of animals. • When possible be prepared to leave the home with your animals: some shelters allow pets and many others have established "safe haven" foster care programs for the animal victims of domestic violence. • If it is not possible to take the animals, try to arrange temporary shelter for the pets with a veterinarian, trusted friend or family member, or local animal shelter. • When vaccinating pets against rabies and licensing them with the town or county, it is important that registrations are in the victim's name. This will serve as proof that the victim owns the pets.

IF YOU NEED HELP If you or someone you know is being abused and wants help, please contact the

National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE.

American Humane Association at 303-792-9900.

National Child Abuse Hotline at 1-800-4-A-CHILD.

National Sexual Assault Hotline at 1-800-656-HOPE.

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Establish community coalitions against family violence that include humane societies, SpeAs, animal control agencies, and veterinarians. Invite representatives from these agencies to train your staff on how animal abuse cases are investigated and prosecuted and offer to train their staffs and volunteers about domestic violence issues.

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Add questions about pets in the home during intake questionnaires and risk assessments.

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Work with animal shelters, veterinarians, and rescue groups to establish "safe haven" foster care programs for the animals of victims of domestic violence.

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Include provisions for pets in safety planning strategies.

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Help your clients prove ownership of their animals.

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Include animals in protective orders.

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Help victims find pet-friendly transitional and permanent housing.

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When victims can no longer take care of their pets, make referrals to animal adoption agencies or rescue societies.

Humane Society of the u.s. (2001). 2000 Report of Animal Cruelty Cases Washington, DC. Arkow, P. (2003) Breaking the cycles of violence: A guide to multi-disciplinary interventions. A handbook for child protection, domes tic violence and animal protection agencies. Alameda, CA: Latham Foundation. 3 Faver, CA & Strand, E.B. (2003). Domestic Violence and Animal Cruelty: Untangling the Web of Abuse. Joumal of Social Work Education. 39(2), 237-253 4 Ascione, F.R (2001). Animal Abuse and Youth Violence. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Washington, DC 5 Loar, L. (1999). "I'll only help you if you have two legs:' or, Why human services professionals should pay attention to cases involv ing cruelty to animals. In, Ascione, F.R. & Arkow, P., eds.: Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Animal Abuse' Linking the Circles of Compassion for Prevention and Intervention. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 1999, pp 120-136. 6 Ascione, F.R., Weber, C. V. & Wood, D. S. 1997). The abuse of animals and domestic violence: A national survey of shelters for women who are battered. Society & Animals 5(3),205-218. 7 Quinlisk, J.A. (1999). Animal Abuse and Family Violence. In, Ascione, F.R. & Arkow, P, eds.. Child Abuse, Domesli Violence, and Animal Abuse: Linking the Circles of Compassion for Prevention and Intervention. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, pp. 168-175 8 Faver & Strand. (2003). 9 Luke, C., Arluke, A, & Levin, J. (1998) Cruelty to Animals and Other Crimes. A Study by the MSPCA and Northeastem University. Boston: MSPCA. 10 Arkow, P. (1994). Animal abuse and domestic viol nee: Intake statistics tell a sad story. Letham Letter 15(2), 17 11 Kogan, L.R., McConnell, S., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R, & Jansen-Lock, P. (2004). Crosstrails: A unique foster program to provide safety for pets of women in safehouses. Violence Against Women 10, 418-434. 12 Faver & Strand. (2003). 13 American Humane ASSOCIation and National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2006). 2

NCADV Public Policy Office' 1633 Q St NW # 210· Washington, DC 20009 . (202) 745-1211 . Fax: (202) 745-0088 publlcoollcy@ncadv org

WHY PETS MEAN SO MUCH: THE HUMAN-‐ANIMAL BOND IN THE CONTEXT OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE GUIDANCE SEPTEMBER 2014

“I left once without my pet, but I had to go back because I worried so much about her and missed her. Then I found a way to take my pet with me and I left for good.“

According to the 2013-‐2014 National Pet Owners Survey, 68% of U.S. households, or 82.5 million homes, include a companion animal. In most cases, these companion animals are cherished members of the family. However, up to 70% of domestic violence victims report having a pet, and when a batterer causes violence in the home, it can be inflicted on pets as well (Ascione, 1997; Loring & Bolden-‐Hines, 2004). Experts estimate that between 48-‐71% of battered women have pets that also have been abused or killed (Ascione, et al, 2007). Moreover, pet abuse is one of the forms of intimidation listed in the power and control wheel used by domestic violence victim advocates (http://www.theduluthmodel.org/pdf/PowerandControl.pdf). Abusers threaten, injure, and at times kill pets in order to control their victims and to create an environment of fear within the home. The close relationship that battered women and their children feel toward their companion animals complicates their willingness to leave a violent situation, potentially putting their pets at risk of violence or death. From various studies we know that approximately 20 -‐48% of women have refused to leave a dangerous situation for fear of their pets’ safety (Carlisle-‐Frank, Frank & Nielsen, 2004; Ascione, 2007). Some survivors have reported living in their cars with their pets rather than leaving them behind. Staff at domestic violence shelters has also found that children may experience additional trauma when separated from beloved pets (Flynn, 2000). 1

The human animal bond as a resource for healing The human-‐animal bond can facilitate healing, aid attachment, and provide a source of comfort to survivors and their children (Sprinkle, 2008). We can see the significance of pets in our lives very early on. When asked to identify the 10 most important individuals in their lives, 7-‐ and 10-‐ year old children in one study included two pets on their lists. In another study, 42% of 5-‐year-‐ olds spontaneously mentioned their pets when asked, “Whom do you turn to when you are feeling sad, angry, happy, or wanting to share a secret?” (Foer, 2006). These children intrinsically knew that animals play an important role in the lives of humans before researchers came to the conclusion. Pets and other animals influence a child’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. Relationships with pets can promote empathy and pro-‐ social behavior. They nurture the development of perspective-‐taking skills, i.e., the ability to take another person’s point of view, a critical base for empathy. Relationships with pets develop the ability to form and express attachments and to respond to grief and loss (Randour & Davidson, 2008). “Protecting our family pet was a priority for me and my children. We found a way to do that and now we are healing together.” The potentially positive influence of pets and animals does not end in childhood. The presence of a pet can lower blood pressure, assist in healing after surgery, promote positive interaction in a group, and ease the loneliness that sometimes accompanies aging. The effectiveness of animal-‐assisted therapies, which as their basis use the human-‐animal bond, is being documented (http://www.apa-‐hai.org). Veterans with post-‐traumatic stress syndrome are benefiting, as are children with developmental disabilities and youth at-‐risk for engaging in antisocial behavior. There are now “Court House Dogs” (http://www.safehumanechicago.org/), many of whom have been rescued themselves and who now assist children and adult witnesses involved in the court system so that their stress is reduced and they can feel more comfortable. Often animal-‐ assisted therapy utilizes dogs, but many other species also are involved (e.g., horses, birds, and goats). The benefits of having a pet don’t have to end at the shelter door. Regardless of whether or not they had companion animals before entering the shelter, children—and adults—can benefit tremendously from interacting with animals at a time when their lives are under stress. Domestic violence program staff may want to contact their local humane society about instituting a “visiting” program between the animals in shelter with the children of the domestic violence survivors.

What Can Be Done to Assist Domestic Violence Victims with Pets? 1. Ask about pets during hotline calls, and again during intake. As noted above, many domestic violence victims report that they delayed leaving because they didn’t know how to find safety for their companion animals. When they contact a shelter or other agency, they may not voluntarily ask for help with their pets if they assume that no organized assistance exists. Thus, asking them the following questions, “Do you have a pet?” “Do you need help in finding a place to house your pet?” could be critical for guiding a survivor and their family to safety. Safety planning for pets In order to ensure a safe transition, it is essential to do safety planning for pets, just as it is for the rest of the family. The following steps should be included in such a safety plan. If you are planning to stay... • Keep emergency provisions for your pet in case your abuser withholds money. • Keep the phone number of the nearest 24-‐hour emergency veterinary clinic. • Establish ownership of your pet by creating a paper trail (e.g. obtain a license, have veterinarian records put in your name). If you are planning to leave... • Obtain safe emergency shelter for your pet, somewhere that won't be disclosed to your abuser (e.g. veterinarian, friend, family, or through a safe haven for pets program). • Pack a bag for your pet that includes: o Food o Medicine o Documents of ownership (receipts from adoption or purchase of pet, license to establish ownership, receipts for animal purchases) o Health documents (veterinary or vaccination records) o Leash o ID and rabies tag, if a dog or cat (these will also help establish ownership) o Carrier o Toys o Bedding If you must leave without your pet, remember to leave enough food, fresh bedding, litter, etc. for your pet. If you are in hiding... • Keep pets indoors (if possible). • Don't let the pet outside alone. • Pick a safe route and time to walk your pet. • Don't exercise/walk pet alone. • Change your veterinarian. 3

•

If your pet has a GPS tracking device that is part of the collar, remove it before leaving and do not take it with you.

Some pet owners confuse the GPS tracking device with the pet identification microchip, which is implanted underneath the pet’s skin. To positively identify a pet and locate the owner, the microchip must be scanned with a scanner machine made for that purpose. Once the microchip’s number is retrieved, the company that made the chip may be contacted to find the owner. Non-‐traditional companion animals “It wasn’t just the cats and dogs, it was the sheep and chickens. I was terrified for their welfare. I knew if I were to leave, he wouldn’t hesitate to kill them. He had done it before.” Pets, like families, come in many varieties. Besides cats and dogs, you may have clients with gerbils, hamsters, ferrets, mice, birds, and fish, even snakes. Some of these smaller animals may represent no greater issue than dogs and cats. However, what if a survivor needs to find safekeeping for a horse or a pig? Particularly in rural areas, these are more likely to be the animals in question, and the bonds between them and their owners will be as strong as they are for the more traditional companion animal; placing them, though, will be more of a challenge. In rural areas, community members and veterinarians are likely to have more space and be more accustomed to these animals. Whether you are in a rural, suburban, or urban area, or something in between, if you are asked to help place a large animal and you don’t have the proper facilities yourself, or simply have never faced this kind of request before, contact your local humane society or animal control as your first stop for guidance since they are the most likely to have faced this kind of problem in the past. 2. Familiarize yourself with pet protection orders Twenty-‐seven states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have laws allowing victims of domestic violence to include their pets in restraining orders. The 27 states are: AZ, AK, CA, CO, CT, HI, IL, IA, LA, ME, MD, MA, MN, NV, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OK, OR, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WA, and WV, as well as DC and PR. It is important to remember, however, that more states are passing legislation to include pets in protection orders (IA, NH, SC, and VA all did so just this year) and this list will continue to grow (for updates visit: http://www.animallaw.info/articles/ovusdomesticviolencelaws.htm). To learn more about these efforts in your state, or to become involved, please contact your state DV/SA Coalition (http://vawnet.org/links/state-‐coalitions.php) or the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) (www.awionline.org). 4

Even if your state does not have a specific provision, most state protection or temporary restraining order (TRO) statutes contain language giving courts discretion to permit additional orders. For example, a court can order that pets be included in a TRO as they do for the temporary care of children or possession of property. Conditions bonds also can include pets, and a TRO can authorize law enforcement to assist with the removal of a pet from the home. 3. Utilize the Safe Havens for Pets of Domestic Violence Mapping Project. The Animal Welfare Institute (https://awionline.org/) developed the Safe Havens Mapping Project (https://awionline.org/content/animals-‐family-‐violence) so there would be one integrated and comprehensive state-‐by-‐state listing of sheltering services for the animals of domestic violence victims. The database is searchable by state or more narrowly by zip code. To access the Safe Havens listing, simply go to https://awionline.org/safe-‐havens. The term “safe havens for pets” refers to sheltering services available in an area that assist survivors of domestic violence with placing their companion animals out of harm’s way so that they may seek safety and support for themselves. Safe havens operate differently from community to community. Some rely on networks of foster care homes or are allowed to use the additional kennel space of a local humane society or veterinarian. Ask if help is needed getting the pet into safekeeping; sometimes transportation is available to move the pet. In some cases domestic violence shelters house survivors and pets together. Depending on the local arrangement, family members may be able to visit their pets while they are in safekeeping. How long a pet may stay in a safe haven again will depend on the local arrangement—some stays are much shorter than others. The pet’s location is kept highly confidential in order to protect the family members and the pet. Deciding whether to offer safe haven services If your facility does not already offer safe haven services—whether it is housing survivors and their companion animals together, or assisting survivors with finding safe placement off-‐site for their pets—this might be a good time to initiate a discussion with your board, staff, clients, and others about taking that step. Helping to find off-‐site placement for pets could involve enlisting volunteers willing to foster pets for a while, or approaching veterinarians or animal shelters about donating unused kennel space for this purpose. A valuable resource on how to develop a safe haven for pets service can be found in Ascione, F.R. (2000): Safe havens for pets: Guidelines for programs sheltering pets for women who are battered, located at http://www.vachss.com/guest_dispatches/safe_havens.html. If housing pets on-‐site, whether allowing them to stay with families or in a separate space, seems like the right move for your facility, excellent advice and technical assistance is available through the Sheltering Animals & Families Together (SAF-‐T) Program, which helps shelters develop their own programs to house pets; more details and contact information available at http://alliephillips.com/saf-‐tprogram/. 5

4. Getting help for children who have witnessed or engaged in animal abuse Many survivors have pets and those pets often suffer harm, and sometimes death, at the hands of the perpetrator. These horrific types of abuse may be witnessed or participated in by the children in the home. In the best-‐case scenario, children exposed to violence in the home should be evaluated by a mental health professional and a treatment plan developed. Most trained mental health professionals have the necessary skills and training to do this; however, they must be aware of the need to ask questions directly about the child either witnessing or engaging in animal abuse. At times, the evaluation and/or treatment plan will include some type of animal-‐assisted therapy. Given the varying landscape of services for children exposed to domestic violence, mental health therapy may not always be a realistic or feasible option for families in transition and escaping violence at home. When speaking with children, advocates are encouraged to ask them questions about their experience with pets and other animals. Knowing about their attachments and experiences with the pets in their lives can inform an intervention, making it more likely to succeed, thereby safeguarding the safety of children, pets, and their families. Asking children about their relationship with animals: • Have you or your family ever had any pets? What happened to them? • Do you have a pet or pets now? • Have you ever lost a pet you really cared about? What happened? • Has your pet ever been hurt? • Have you ever felt afraid for your pet or worried about bad things happening to your pet? • Has anybody ever tried to make you do something you didn’t want to do by saying they would hurt your pet? What happened? • Have you ever seen someone hurt an animal or pet? Tell me what happened. • Have you ever hurt an animal or pet? Tell me what happened. • Have you ever been frightened or hurt by an animal or pet? Describe what happened. • What happens when your family pet misbehaves? • Have you ever been punished for something your pet did, like getting into the trash? • Or has your pet ever been punished for something you did, like not doing the dishes when you were told to?

If Children are Exposed to Animal Abuse in the Home

One form of abuse that children too often witness is toward the pet in family violence situations (Randour & Davidson, 2008). Children who are exposed to abuse are at greater risk for becoming either victims or perpetrators of abuse. In fact, one seven-‐year study conducted in three metropolitan areas found that engaging in pet abuse was one of four significant factors for predicting future battering behavior (Walton-‐Moss, et al, 2005). When there is knowledge or a suspicion that a child has witnessed animal cruelty, advocates can work with survivor-‐parents to help their children process their experiences. 6

The following topics and probes may be discussed to gain a sense of how exposure to pet abuse has impacted the child. Use these conversations as a platform to develop a plan with the survivor to address any significant issues that may come up. • The relationship of the child to the animal and the type of pet • The type and severity of the abuse and who was involved • How many times it occurred • The child’s response; for example, ask the child, “What was the hardest thing for you about what happened?” or “What bothers you the most about what happened?” • The child’s role in witnessing animal cruelty—active or passive, encouraging or discouraging, coerced (real or perceived?) • The child’s immediate and long-‐term response to pet abuse; does the child exhibit: o Anxiety o Nightmares or frightening dreams o Difficulty sleeping or eating o Withdrawal o Problems concentrating o Repetitive play with themes or aspects of the trauma o Disorganized or agitated behavior • Does the child feel: o Shame o Guilt o Remorse • Does the child experience: o Numbing or feelings of detachment o A restricted range of affect? • Is the child fearful of reprisal? • Did the child speak about the abuse to anyone? • What was the response of the person to whom the child spoke about the abuse? To help foster these conversations, AWI has created educational children’s books that teach children about responsible pet care, kindness, and humane treatment of animals. Coloring and activity sheets are also available in their online store at: http://awionline.org/store/catalog/animal-‐welfare-‐publications/materials-‐children.

Conclusion

Companion animals play a crucial role in in the lives of families, especially those in crisis where abusers use that bond against their victims, in the process causing suffering to humans and animals alike. Thus it is urgent that all advocates on behalf of domestic violence survivors be acquainted with the role of animal abuse in the cycle of family violence and with the resources that are available to help those families get themselves and their pets to safety. 7

Resources A valuable resource on how to develop a safe haven for pets service can be found in Ascione, F.R. (2000): Safe havens for pets: Guidelines for programs sheltering pets for women who are battered, located at http://www.vachss.com/guest_dispatches/safe_havens.html. For excellent advice and technical assistance in setting up on-‐site pet housing, visit the Sheltering Animals & Families (SAF-‐T) Program, which helps shelters develop their own programs to house pets; more details and contact information available at http://alliephillips.com/saf-‐tprogram/. To locate local humane societies, animal control agencies, and other groups that help pet owners, visit http://www.humanesociety.org/animal_community/resources/tips/find_local_animal_shelter. html.

The NRCDV welcomes your input. If you have any comments or additional information to provide, please contact our Technical Assistance Team at http://www.nrcdv.org/contact-‐us.

800-‐537-‐2238

National Resource Center on Domestic Violence 3605 Vartan Way, Suite 101, Harrisburg PA 17110 TTY 800-‐553-‐2508 Fax 717-‐545-‐9456 nrcdvta@nrcdv.org

References Ascione, F.R., Weber, C., & Wood, D. (1997). The abuse of animals and domestic violence: A national survey of shelters for women who are battered. Society and Animals, 5, 205-‐218. Ascione, F. R., Weber, C. V., Thompson, T. M., Heath, J., Maruyama, M., & Hayashi, K. (2007). Battered pets and domestic violence: Animal abuse reported by women experiencing intimate violence and by non-‐abused women. Violence Against Women, 13, 354-‐373. Carlisle-‐Frank, P., Frank, J.M., & Nielsen, L. (2004). Selective battering of the family pet. Anthrozoos, 17, 26-‐42. Flynn, C. P. (2000), Woman’s best friend: Pet abuse and the role of companion animals in the lives of battered women. Violence Against Women, 6, 162-‐177. Foer, J. S. (2006, November 27). My life as a dog. [Op-‐Ed]. The New York Times, p. A6. Loring, M. T. & Bolden-‐Hines, T.A. (2004). Pet abuse by batterers as a means of coercing battered women into committing illegal behavior. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 4, 27-‐37. Randour, M.L. & Davidson, H. (2008) A common bond: Maltreated children and animals in the home: Guidelines for practice and policy. Washington, D.C.: American Humane and The Humane Society of the United States. Sprinkle, J. E. (2008). Animals, empathy, and violence: Can animals be used to convey principles of prosocial behavior to children. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 6, 47-‐58 Walton-‐Moss, B. J., Manganello, J., Frye, V., & Campbell, J. D. (2005). Risk factors for intimate partner violence and associated injury among urban women. Journal of Community Health, 30, 377-‐389.

REPRESENTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SURVIVORS WITH PETS in the District of Columbia, Maryland & Virginia

A Manual for Domestic Violence Attorneys & Advocates Helping Survivors Obtain Protection Orders

REPRESENTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SURVIVORS WITH PETS in the District of Columbia, Maryland & Virginia

The Animal Welfare Institute wishes to thank and acknowledge Hogan Lovells US LLP—and in particular Sarah Cummings and Blair Warner— for their contributions to the drafting of this manual.

KEVIN LAU

In one survey, 71% of petowning survivors of domestic violence reported that their abuser threatened, injured or killed their pets.1

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 4 5 13

Why Should Pets be Included in Protection Orders? Overview of Legal Landscape Steps for Including Pets in Protection Orders in DC, MD, & VA Forms & Resources

Frank R. Ascione, et al., The Abuse of Animals and Domestic Violence: A National Survey of Shelters for Women Who Are Battered, 5(3) Soc’y and Animals (1997), available at http://www.ncdsv.org/images/animal_abuse_and_dv.pdf.

WHY SHOULD PETS BE INCLUDED IN PROTECTION ORDERS?

any families in the United States have companion animals. The 2013-2014 National Pet Owners Survey reported that 68 percent of all American households have at least one pet. Unfortunately, pets can also become victims of domestic violence. Domestic abusers harm pets and service animals just as they physically harm their partners and children. Animal abuse can become part of the cycle of power and control, as abusers use pets to prevent their victims from leaving or seeking help. Because there are few resources for survivors with pets, these threats are often successful, keeping survivors and their pets trapped in a cycle of abuse. Despite numerous research studies and anecdotal accounts of the co-occurrence of domestic violence and animal abuse, survivors with pets still lack adequate services. Domestic violence intake interviews do not typically involve questions about the presence of pets, and according to the Sheltering Animals & Families Together (SAF-T) website, there are just around 100 pet-friendly domestic violence shelters out of over 2,500 shelters nationwide. It should be noted, however,

›› More than 1 out of every 3 women in the US have been physically abused, raped, and/or stalked by an intimate partner during their lifetimes. Black et al., 2010 Summary Report, The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. ›› More households in the US have a pet than have a child. American Humane Association, Facts about Animal Abuse & Domestic Violence.

that there are about 1,300 other programs that provide some level of assistance to survivors with companion animals. Also, domestic violence organizations often list resources for special-needs populations on their website or in factsheets, such as resources for individuals with disabilities, LGBT individuals, or homeless survivors, but mention of pet-owning survivors is less common. It should not be surprising, then, that despite the fact that over half of the states have pet protection order laws, pets are still rarely included in petitions and final orders. This manual is intended to serve as an educational tool2 for attorneys and advocates working with pet-owning domestic violence survivors3 in the District of Columbia (“DC”), Maryland (“MD”), and Virginia (“VA”). We hope that this step-by-step approach simplifies the inclusion of pets in protection orders, allowing survivors to take control of their lives and escape abuse with their pets.

“One does not have to personally value companion animals to acknowledge that others may and that exploring those relationships can add much to our understanding and treatment of children and families. Recognition that animals play a significant role in the lives of many people needs further attention in social work.” Risley-Curtiss et al., Animal-Human Relationships in Public Child Welfare, Child Welfare (2010).

The information provided in this manual should not be considered legal advice.

While recognizing that men are also victims of domestic abuse, we use the pronouns “she” and “her” because the vast majority of victims are women. See generally, Domestic Violence Facts, The Nat’l Coal. Against Domestic Violence, available at http://www.ncadv.org/files/DomesticViolenceFactSheet(Nation al).pdf.. Please note, however, that this manual is also meant to assist advocates serving pet-owning male victims of domestic violence.

OVERVIEW OF LEGAL LANDSCAPE

s of September 2014, 27 states, DC, and Puerto Rico had adopted some form of legislation explicitly allowing for the inclusion of pets in civil protection orders (so-called “Pet Protection Order” laws). A federal bill was recently introduced by Representatives Katherine Clark (D-Mass.) and Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-Fla.) that would enhance the protections afforded by state Pet Protection Order laws by including pets under federal laws pertaining to stalking, protection order violations, and restitution, among other provisions. In general, there are two ways pets can be included in protection orders, though they are not mutually exclusive. First, courts generally require that petitioners demonstrate the basis upon which they are entitled to a protection order in their initial petition; this is where prior abusive incidents are detailed. Some states have “Underlying Offense” provisions that allow animal abuse to be included as part of the underlying abuse that gives rise to the right to the protection order. Second, courts also generally require that the petitioner state the relief she is seeking. Some states have “Stay Away and/or Pet Custody” provisions, which allow the petitioner to ask that the abuser be ordered to stay away from the animal and/or ask the court to grant her custody of the pet. Each is described in further detail below.

Underlying Offense Provisions

In states with this type of provision, animal abuse can qualify as an underlying offense that may warrant a

protection order. There are at least seven states plus DC that have these provisions. (Neither MD nor VA has such a provision.) Below is an example of such a provision.

“If, after hearing, the judicial officer finds that there is good cause to believe the respondent has committed or threatened to commit a criminal offense against the petitioner or against petitioner’s animal or an animal in petitioner’s household, the judicial officer may issue a protection order….” DC Code § 16-1005(c) (2014).

Stay Away and/or Pet Custody Provisions

In states with these types of provisions, courts are authorized to order the respondent to stay away from the pet and/or allow the petitioner to gain care, custody, or control over the pet. Below is an example of such a provision. (VA and DC also have such provisions.)

“The final protective order may include any or all of the following relief:… award temporary possession of any pet of the person eligible for relief or the respondent.” Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 4-506(d)(13) (2014).

States Without Pet Protection Order Laws

Even if your state does not have a Pet Protection Order law, you can request that the court include pets in the property section or under “other relief” section.

ADVOCATES: STEPS FOR INCLUDING PET

∥ ASK ABOUT PETS

CHOUBB

o ensure that petitioners with pets can effectively utilize the protections afforded by existing laws, this manual outlines four steps that advocates should take when assisting a petitioner with pets: 1. Ask the petitioner whether she has a pet, service animal, therapy animal, or whether any animals live in the home. 2. Research your state’s protection order laws, including any individual law addressing Pet Protection Orders specifically. 3. Include animal abuse in the underlying offense portion of the petition and gather evidence to present at the hearing. 4. Determine what relief the petitioner is seeking regarding the pet and be sure to request that such relief is included in any temporary or final order.

The first and most important step is for attorneys and advocates to ask about the presence of pets during the initial conversation with the petitioner. The question should be broad enough to determine whether the petitioner owns a pet, a pet lives in her home or her abuser’s home, or whether she has a service or therapy animal.4

Sample Questions 1. Do you have a pet? 2. Does an animal live in your home? 3. Do you have a service or therapy animal? 4. Has your abuser ever harmed your pet or threatened to harm your pet? 5. Where is your pet right now? 6. Is your pet safe? 7. Do you want to ask that the court grant you custody of your pet? 8. Do you want to ask that the court order your abuser to stay away from your pet? 9. Do you have anything that might help us prove that the abuser has threatened or hurt the animal, e.g. veterinary bills or records, photographs, or eyewitnesses? It is not uncommon for survivors with pets to not volunteer that they have a pet. Often they feel that there are no resources for their pets so it is pointless to raise it. Also, survivors are in crisis and may feel so rushed that they forget to mention pet concerns. It is important to realize that failing to ask about pets during intake can lead to a lost opportunity for advocates and attorneys; being able to discuss how the abuser has treated the petitioner’s pets can be a valuable tool to illustrate the extent of the abuser’s controlling and violent behavior.

Some states have adopted separate laws addressing harm to service animals. Depending on the jurisdiction, harming, injuring, or killing a service animal may constitute a separate crime. 4

Knowing whether someone has a pet not only helps the pet get out of the abusive situation, but it also allows for comprehensive safety planning. Because it has been reported that up to 48 percent of survivors do not leave their abusive situation for fear of leaving a pet behind, discussing pets as part of safety planning helps to reduce the likelihood that a survivor may decide not to leave the abusive home.5

“It is important for agencies to acknowledge that pets are part of the family and that families experiencing domestic violence will need safety plans for their pets.” Allie Phillips, Understanding the Link between Violence to Animals and People, Nat’l Dist. Attorneys Assoc. 12 (June 2014).

Discuss Resources for Pets Fewer than 100 of the approximately 2,500 domestic violence shelters allow pets. Once it is determined that the petitioner has a pet, it is important to work with her to figure out her immediate needs and safety plan accordingly. If the pet is in danger at home, ask her if she has any friends or family who can take care of the pet. Or, if she has financial resources, work with her to find short-term boarding facilities or hotels that allow pets. If your client needs safe housing for her pet, visit the Resources section of this manual for specific options. Be sure to discuss the differences between on-site pet housing (where pets are allowed to stay with their owners at domestic violence shelters) and other programs that typically house pets off-site in foster homes, boarding facilities, veterinary clinics, or animal shelters.

∥ STATE PROTECTION ORDER LAWS The relevant laws in DC, MD, and VA are detailed in the sections below. For other states, visit the Animal Legal & Historical Center website at http://www.animallaw. info/article/domestic-violence-and-pets-list-statesinclude-pets-protection-orders for a comprehensive list of state Pet Protection Order laws.

I. District of Columbia The Intrafamily Offenses Act, DC Code §§ 16-10011006 (2009) (“IFA”), governs protection orders in DC. A domestic violence victim may file a petition for protection if (1) she resides, lives, works, or attends school in DC, (2) is under the legal custody of a DC government agency, or (3) the underlying offense occurred in DC. See DC Code § 16-1006. The IFA provides for two types of protection orders: • Temporary Protection Order (“TPO”) • Civil Protection Order (“CPO”) When an individual files for a CPO, the court will set a date for the CPO hearing. If the petitioner needs immediate relief prior to the CPO hearing, she can get a TPO as long as a judicial officer finds that her safety or welfare, or that of another member of her household, is in immediate danger due to the respondent. Id. § 16-1004(b). The TPO, which can be issued ex parte, can last up to 14 days and may be extended in 14-day increments until the CPO hearing date. DC Code § 161004(b)(2). A CPO, if granted, lasts up to one year. CPOs and TPOs require that the petitioner and respondent share an interpersonal, intimate, or intrafamily relationship. DC Code § 16-1001.

Carlisle-Frank, P. et al., Selective Battering of the Family Pet, 17(1) Anthrozoos 26-42 (Jan. 1, 2004).

Alternatively, even if the petitioner and respondent do not share one of these types of relationships, if the respondent is stalking, sexually abusing, or sexually assaulting the petitioner, these crimes create the requisite relationship. Id. Additionally, at least one criminal offense must have been committed or threatened against the petitioner, the petitioner’s animal, or an animal in the petitioner’s household. DC Code § 16-1005(c). CPOs and TPOs allow for the inclusion of pets in the relief section. Id. Interpersonal, Intimate, Intrafamily Relationship, or Crime-Created Relationship In order to obtain a CPO, the relationship between the petitioner and the respondent must meet the statutorily prescribed definition, which is at least one of the following: • An Interpersonal Relationship: There is an interpersonal relationship if the petitioner and respondent are sharing a residence or have in the past, or if the petitioner and the respondent have the same current or former spouse, or domestic, sexual, or romantic partner. • An Intimate Relationship: There is an intimate relationship between the petitioner and respondent if they are or were married or in a domestic partnership, or if they are or were in a romantic, dating, or sexual relationship. • An Intrafamily Relationship: There is an intrafamily relationship if the petitioner and respondent are related by blood, adoption, legal custody, marriage, or domestic partnership, or if they have a child in common. • A Crime-Created Relationship: The respondent is stalking, sexually abusing, or sexually assaulting the petitioner, or has previously stalked, sexually abused, or sexually assaulted the petitioner. See DC Code § 16-1001.

Criminal Offense The respondent must have committed or threatened to commit a criminal offense. The DC statute, which includes an Underlying Offense provision, states:

At the hearing, the petitioner will need to prove there is good cause to believe the respondent committed or threatened to commit a criminal offense against her animal or an animal in her household. The “good cause” requirement is equivalent to the preponderance of the evidence standard. Cruz-Foster v. Foster, 597 A.2d

927, 929-30 (DC 1991). To determine criminal offenses against animals, look to the relevant animal cruelty statute:

“Whoever knowingly overdrives, overloads, drives when overloaded, overworks, tortures, torments, deprives of necessary sustenance, cruelly chains, cruelly beats or mutilates, any animal, or knowingly causes or procures any animal to be so overdriven, overloaded, driven when overloaded, overworked, tortured, tormented, deprived of necessary sustenance, cruelly chained, cruelly beaten, or mutilated, and whoever, having the charge or custody of any animal, either as owners or otherwise, knowingly inflicts unnecessary cruelty upon the same, or unnecessarily fails to provide the same with proper food, drink, air, light, space, veterinary care, shelter, or protection from the weather, shall for every such offense be punished by imprisonment in jail not exceeding 180 days, or by fine not exceeding $250, or by both.” DC Code § 22-1001(a)(1) (2008).

The elements of animal cruelty are: 1. The respondent tortures, torments, deprives of necessary sustenance, cruelly chains, cruelly beats or mutilates an animal or fails to provide proper food, drink, light space, veterinary care, shelter, or protection from the weather; and 2. The respondent does so knowingly. Id.

572 A.2d 416, 420 (DC 1990). General intent means intent to do the act that constitutes the crime. Malice means that “the actor had no ‘justification, excuse or recognized mitigation’ for his actions and that he was at least aware of the ‘plain and strong likelihood that [the resulting] harm may result.’” Dauphine v. United States, 73 A.3d 1029, 1033 (DC 2013) (citations omitted). Below are several common acts of animal cruelty that often co-occur with domestic violence. Ask the petitioner whether the respondent has ever committed, or threatened to commit, any of these acts. Be prepared to argue how each act fits within the definition of animal cruelty. • Stabbing • Beating • Throwing • Crushing • Punching • Kicking • Burning • Drowning • Killing Note: If the court downplays or is skeptical of the significance of the animal abuse, be prepared to cite to the statute and reiterate that the court should consider the “entire mosaic” of the situation per CruzFoster, 597 A.2d at 932 (citation omitted). Also, per a recent Memorandum Opinion in Small v. Cannady, it is important to present how the animal abuse committed against the animal was intended to harm the petitioner emotionally. Nos. 2013 CPO 2174, 2013 CPO 4068, 2013 CPO 4614, 2014 WL 1240252, at *2 (DC Super. Mar. 26, 2014).

The petitioner must prove general intent with malice, not specific intent to injure. Regalado v. United States,

II. MD Maryland law provides for three types of protective orders: • Interim Protective Order (“IPO”) • Temporary Protective Order (“TPO”) • Final Protective Order (“FPO”) An IPO may be issued when courts are closed and there is a protective order hearing pending. District Court commissioners are authorized to issue an IPO as long as the commissioner finds there are reasonable grounds to believe that the respondent abused the petitioner. IPOs last until the TPO hearing or the end of the second business day the District Court clerk’s office is open following the issuance of the IPO, whichever is earlier. See Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 4-504.1 (2009). A TPO can be obtained at a hearing when the court finds there are reasonable grounds to believe that the respondent abused the petitioner. These generally last up to 7 days but can be extended. The court is authorized to proceed to an FPO hearing instead of a TPO hearing if the respondent appears, has been served, there is jurisdiction over him, and if both the petitioner and respondent waive the TPO hearing. Id. § 4-505. An FPO generally lasts one year. There are two main requirements to satisfy in order to obtain any of the aforementioned types of protective orders. First, the petitioner must qualify as a “person eligible for relief.” And second, the petitioner must prove “abuse.” Petitioners can request temporary possession of a pet in any of these three types of protective orders. Id. § 4-506.

Personal Eligible for Relief A “person eligible for relief” is defined as follows: • A current or former spouse of the respondent • A cohabitant of the respondent • A person related to the respondent by blood, marriage, or adoption • A parent, stepparent, child, or stepchild of the respondent or person eligible for relief who lived with the respondent or person eligible for relief for at least 90 days during the last year • A vulnerable adult • An individual who has a child in common with the respondent Id. § 4-501(m). Abuse The petitioner must prove abuse. The following acts qualify as abuse if they were committed by the respondent against the petitioner: • An act causing serious bodily harm • An act placing the petitioner in fear of imminent serious bodily harm • Assault in any degree • Rape or sexual offense, or attempted rape or sexual offense in any degree • False imprisonment • Stalking Id. § 4-501(b)(1). Maryland was one of a few states that required that the petitioner prove abuse by clear and convincing evidence, a higher burden than many other jurisdictions. However, effective October 1, 2014, petitioners only need to prove abuse by a preponderance of the evidence. See Peace Orders and Protective Orders—Burden of Proof, 2014 Md. Laws, Ch. 111.

Although Maryland does not have an underlying offense statute, you should talk to the petitioner about whether she wants to include prior animal abuse or threats of abuse in the petition. Although animal abuse should not be the sole basis for seeking to obtain a protective order in Maryland, prior acts of animal cruelty could be included in the petition as an act placing the petitioner in fear of immediate serious bodily harm. Even if the animal cruelty does not meet the definition of “abuse,” it may be a good idea to include it to demonstrate how it fits into the cycle of violence.

III. VA Virginia law provides for three types of protective orders: • Emergency Protective Order (“EPO”) • Preliminary Protective Order (“PPO”) • Permanent Protective Order (“PO”) An EPO is issued by a judge or magistrate, ex parte if necessary, and lasts up to 72 hours or until court is in session next, whichever is later. These are issued if either the alleged victim or law enforcement shows that there is probable danger of further violence, force, or threats against the victim, or if there is a petition or warrant for arrest for the respondent. Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-152.8 (2014). A PPO can be granted even if the respondent is not at the hearing and can last up to 15 days, or until the full hearing. A PPO can be issued in an ex parte proceeding if there is “good cause shown.” Id. § 19.2-152.9(A). This is satisfied if there is an immediate and present danger of any act of violence, force, or threat or evidence sufficient to establish probable cause that family abuse has recently occurred. Id. A PO can last up to two years.

Id. § 19.2-152.10(B). Petitioners can request possession of any companion animal in any type of protective order. Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-279.1(A)(8) (2014). Family or Household Member To obtain any of these types of protective orders, the petitioner must prove “family abuse.” To prove family abuse, the petitioner must show that the petitioner is a member of the respondent’s family or household, and she must show that the respondent committed an act of violence, force, or threats. A “family or household member” is: • A person’s spouse (regardless of whether they live together) • A person’s former spouse (regardless of whether they live together) • A person’s parent, stepparent, child, stepchild, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, grandparent, and grandchildren (regardless of whether they live together) • A person’s mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-inlaw, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, and sister-inlaw (regardless of whether they live together) • Someone who shares a child in common with the person (regardless of whether they live together or have been married) • Someone who cohabitates with a person or who has cohabitated with a person in the last 12 months, and any children of either of them residing in the same home with that person Id. Act of Violence, Force, or Threat The petitioner must show that the respondent committed any act involving violence, force, or threat resulting in bodily injury or placing the petitioner in

reasonable apprehension of death, sexual assault, or bodily injury. Some examples include: • Assault • Forceful detention • Stalking • Criminal sexual assault Id. Although Virginia does not have an underlying offense statute, you should talk to the petitioner about whether she wants to include prior animal abuse or threats of abuse in the petition. Although animal abuse should not be the sole basis for seeking to obtain a protective order in Virginia, prior acts of animal cruelty could be included in the petition as an offense placing petitioner in reasonable apprehension of death, sexual assault, or bodily injury. Even if the animal cruelty does not meet the definition of an “act of violence, force or threat,” it may be a good idea to include it to illustrate the cycle of violence.

∥ GATHERING EVIDENCE FOR THE HEARING Fact-Gathering Questions to Ask the Petitioner Before completing the relevant petition in DC, MD, or VA, you should ask these questions to gather information about the extent of animal abuse. The answers to these questions will help you gather evidence for the hearing, and they will also help you to present the court with a comprehensive picture of the scope of violence. • Did the respondent threaten to harm your pet? • Did the respondent actually physically harm your pet? • How did the animal abuse affect you?

If the abuser has threatened to harm your client’s pet, ask your client what the abuser specifically said. The statement should be admissible as an admission by a party opponent. Figure out where and when the statement occurred, and whether it is possible that someone else heard the threat (i.e., perhaps a neighbor heard the threat, or maybe the threat was made in the presence of a friend or family member). Encourage your client to recount any physical gestures that the respondent made when he threatened the pet. If the abuser physically hurt the pet, make sure to get as much detail as possible. It is very important that you ask whether the animal was taken to the vet as a result. If so, think about whether you need to subpoena the veterinary records and/or the veterinarian who saw the animal. Also, inquire as to whether any photographs were taken of the animal. If the abuse is recent, take photographs to document the abuse. Tell your client to think back to the context of each specific incident. What had she and the respondent been doing leading up to the event? What does she think motivated him to hurt the animal? What did she do after the animal was hurt? Did this cause her to do or not do something? (e.g., As a result of physically harming the animal, the victim chose not to leave the home as she had previously intended to do.) Remember, it is extremely important that the court understands how the animal abuse fits into the cycle of abuse. Because not everyone recognizes the value of companion animals, being able to show that the abuser used the pet as a pawn to keep the petitioner in the abusive situation will legitimize the significance of the animal abuse.

Evidentiary Issues There are several common pieces of evidence that you may want to introduce: • Statements made by the respondent • Veterinary records • Photographs of injuries • Evidence of prior animal abuse • Prior convictions for animal abuse • Subpoenaing a police officer • Subpoenaing a veterinarian Check your state’s evidence rules to develop a response to possible objections to their admissibility.

∥ DETERMINING RELIEF Before attending the hearing, you need to determine what type of relief your client wishes to seek. It is a good idea to fill out a model protection order together, outlining the specific relief your client is seeking. Bring several copies of the blank protection order to the hearing.

Questions to Ask about Desired Relief • Do you want the abuser to be ordered to refrain from harming your pet? • Do you want the abuser to stay away from your pet? • Do you want to ask for custody of the pet?

Including Pet Relief in the Petition and Model Protection Order After you have researched the relevant laws and ascertained the necessary facts, you will need to know

how and where to include pets in the petition and in the proposed/model order. To supply this information, you should ask questions about who owns the pet and who generally takes care of the pet. Specifically, ask the petitioner whether she would like to ask for custody of the pet. If the survivor is concerned that the abuser may come after her pet, she may also want to ask that the court order the respondent to stay away from the animal in addition to herself. Next, you will need to determine where on the petition and model protection order pet abuse and relief should be placed. I. DC Although the DC statute allows the court to direct “the care, custody, or control of a domestic animal that belongs to petitioner or respondent or lives in his or her household,” DC Code § 16-1005(c)(10A) (2013), the petition and civil protection order forms do not have a specific section for pets. You should be prepared to include allegations of pet abuse in the designated area for listing criminal offenses. Include pet relief in the “other” sections on the petition and CPO. II. MD Whether asking for an IPO, TPO, or FPO, a petitioner can request “temporary possession” of either party’s pet (excluding livestock). See Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law §§ 4-504.1(c)(9), 4-505(a)(2)(ix), 4-506(d)(13). To do so, mark the box next to “[t]emporary possession of the pet(s)” and provide a description of the pet in the petition for protection from domestic violence. You may also want to explore whether it makes sense to ask the court to order the respondent to stay away from the pet if your client is afraid he may harm the pet. III. VA A petitioner can request that the court grant her

“possession of the companion animal described” by marking that box on the first page of the petition. The court can grant possession of any companion animal as part of an EPO, PPO or PO, as long as the pet meets the definition of “companion animal” and the petitioner meets the definition of “owner.” The following types of animals are “companion animals” under the Virginia statute: • Dogs (domestic or feral) • Cats (domestic or feral) • Nonhuman primates • Guinea pigs • Hamsters • Rabbits not raised for human food or fiber • Exotic or native animals • Reptiles • Exotic or native birds • Any feral animal or any animal under the care, custody, or ownership of a person or any animal that is bought, sold, traded, or bartered by any person Agricultural animals, game species, or any animals regulated under federal law as research animals are not considered companion animals in this context. Va. Code Ann. § 3.2-6500 (2014). “Owner” means any person who: (1) has a right of property in an animal; (2) keeps or harbors an animal; (3) has an animal in his care; or (4) acts as a custodian of an animal. Id. As mentioned previously, explore whether your client wants the court to order the respondent to stay away from the animal for the pet’s safety. Id.

FORMS & RESOURCES

he forms referenced throughout this manual can be accessed electronically via the court websites. Make sure to confirm with your local court that the form you are using is up-to-date. We have also included general and state-specific resources for domestic violence survivors in DC, Maryland, and Virginia.

∥ GENERAL For a state-by-state, zip-code-searchable listing of safe haven programs, which include not only domestic violence shelters that also provide housing for clients’ companion animals, but also facilities that house only animals and programs that provide assistance with finding safe housing, visit the Animal Welfare Institute’s Safe Havens Mapping Project at http://awionline.org/ safe-havens. Additional technical assistance and guidance for advocates assisting pet-owning survivors is available at the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence website: Why Pets Mean So Much: The Human-Animal Bond in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: http://vawnet.org/nrcdv-publications/?type=TA%20 Guidance.

∥ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

∥ MARYLAND

The Petition and Affidavit for a Civil Protection Order, Civil Protection Order and Temporary Protection Order can be found on the DC Superior Court website. http://www.dccourts.gov/internet/formlocator.jsf

The Petition for Protection and Petition for Permanent Protection from Domestic Violence can be found on the Maryland Courts website. The website also contains a Peace and Protective Order brochure. http://mdcourts.gov/family/formsindex. html#petitionforprotection

Assistance with Seeking a Protection Order • DC SAFE http://dcsafe.org/ • Domestic Violence Intake Center http://www.dccourts.gov/internet/public/aud_dvu/ intake.jsf • DC Volunteer Lawyers Project (DCVLP) http://www.dcvlp.org/

Safe Havens for Pets • Washington Humane Society’s Safe Haven Program http://support.washhumane.org/site/ PageServer?pagename=programs_ safehaven&AddInterest=1047 • Safety Network for Abused Animals & People (SNAAP) http://www.snaap.org/

Pet-Friendly Domestic Violence Shelter There is no pet-friendly domestic violence shelter in DC. However, if your client qualifies for the Crime Victims Compensation program, she can request to be placed in a pet-friendly motel or hotel for 30 days.

Other Domestic Violence Resources • DC Coalition Against Domestic Violence http://www.dccadv.org/

• Pet-Friendly Domestic Violence Shelter Heartly House (Frederick, MD) http://www.heartlyhouse.org/

Other Domestic Violence Resources • Maryland Network Against Domestic Violence http://mnadv.org/ • Maryland Coalition Against Sexual Assault http://www.mcasa.org/

∥ VIRGINIA The Petition for a Protective Order can be found on Virginia’s Judicial System website. www.courts.state.va.us/forms/district/civil.html or www.courts.state.va.us/forms/district/dc383.pdf Online assistance with the form is available at: www.courts.state.va.us/courtadmin/aoc/judpln/ programs/afapo/home.html • Pet-Friendly Domestic Violence Shelter Doorways for Women and Families (Arlington, VA) http://www.doorwaysva.org/

Other Domestic Violence Resources • Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance http://www.vsdvalliance.org/

Editor Joann Grayson, Ph.D. Editorial Director Ann Childress, MSW

Sponsored by

Editorial Assistant Wanda Baker

Child Protective Services Unit

Computer Consultant Phil Grayson, MFA Student Assistants Zachary Buchin Marissa Noell Jessica Woolson

Virginia Department of Social Services

Fall, 2014

Virginia Child Protection Newsletter

Volume 101

ANIMAL ABUSE AND CHILD ABUSE: EXAMINING THE LINK An animal control officer who discovered dead and dying animals due to neglect noticed four children in the home and notified child protective services. CPS intervened and discovered that the children had been physically and sexually abused. An anonymous complaint from a neighbor about a dog kept in a filthy yard with inadequate food and water led to the discovery of a family in need. A mother, her three children, and an elderly relative lived in squalid conditions, with human waste and garbage throughout the house. Police officers took the dog and the children into custody and reported the elderly person to adult protective services. While investigating a complaint about a bruised toddler, the CPS worker noticed injuries on both the cat and the family’s dog. The dog was chained to a tree, had no food or water, and appeared vicious, snarling and barking. The cat had fleas. The mother revealed that the dog had bitten her children in the past but her husband refused to take the dog to the animal shelter. There were animal feces visible in the home. Police called for a burglary in progress found a scene of squalor where a family with several young children lived with a menagerie of cats. Within hours, the house is posted as unfit for habitation, the children are placed with family members and the parents are arrested, charged with six counts of child neglect as well as animal cruelty charges.

When police raid an establishment offering cock fighting, children are present. There are numerous examples of animal cruelty in addition to the cock fights, and children have been involved in watching or assisting with maiming and killing the animals. At a shelter for battered women and their children, staff are horrified to hear how the abuser made the children watch as he tied their pet gerbil and then set the animal on fire. The abuser threatened the children that they could be next.

Animal abuse is a type of interpersonal violence. It often co-occurs with child abuse and other forms of family violence. Identifying and intervening in cases of animal abuse can be an important tool in protecting children from maltreatment. More than 82 million households in the United States (68% of homes) include one or more companion animals (2013 National Pet Owner’s Survey) and more than 70% of U.S. households with minor children have pets (Randour & Davidson, 2008). Child protection efforts in the United States are linked in history to animal protection (Ashby, 1997; Williams, 1980). Henry Bergh founded the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) in 1866. When a child named Mary Ellen Wilson was being horribly abused by her caretakers, concerned neighbors learned there was no legislation protecting children from abuse. One individual approached Henry Bergh and asked him to bring her situation to the attention of the courts as a child is part of the animal kingdom. The case had widespread publicity, spurring the formation in 1874 of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children in New York. Many states followed suit and formed state protection associations. In 1877, the American Humane Association was formed. According to Randour & Davidson (2008), the human-animal bond can be traced to the start of human history. Many people feel a natural connection with animals. Animals, in turn, have positive effects on child growth and development. Studies reviewed in Randour & Davidson show that animals can improve children’s cognitive abilities, teach children the skill of empathy, can support children’s self-esteem, can offer continued on page 2

WHAT CPS WORKERS CAN DO

Examining the Link continued from page 1 opportunities to build interpersonal skills, and offer opportunities to confront loss and respond to grief. It is not the mere presence of an animal, however, that offers benefits to children. Rather, the bond that can form between children and pets is the mechanism for realizing the benefits. In research reviewed by Randour & Davidson (2008) children with positive bonds to animals scored higher on measures of social competence and empathy, had higher selfesteem, were less aggressive, and were more oriented to social values than children without a pet. They note that animals can also facilitate social interactions, for example, children are more likely to interact with a child with a disability if an animal is present. In contrast, children, and society, experience negative consequences for witnessing violence towards animals, similar to effects of witnessing violence towards people. According to studies reviewed by Randour & Davidson (2008), children who witness animal abuse are more likely to develop behavioral problems, struggle academically, engage in delinquent behaviors, and they are at higher risk for substance abuse. (For a review of effects on children who witness domestic violence, see VCPN, Volume 60). How is animal abuse defined? There appears to be no standardized definition for animal abuse or animal cruelty (Becker & French, 2004). Some definitions are vague and hard to quantify. For example, the NSPCC (of the United Kingdom) defines animal abuse as “the intentional harm of an animal. It includes but is not limited to willful neglect, inflicting injury, pain or distress, or malicious killing of animals” (2003). A definition offered by Ascione & Shapiro (2009) is “non-accidental socially unacceptable behavior that causes pain, suffering, or distress to and/or the death of an animal” (p. 570). Some definitions exclude killing animals for food. Others specify ‘companion animals’ when discussing animal abuse. The NSPCC further specifies three categories of animal abuse: • Physical abuse: includes kicking, punching, throwing, burning, microwaving, drowning, asphyxiation, and the administration of drugs or poisons.

• Engage in cross-training with animal welfare and animal control staff. • Have policies and procedures for reporting suspected animal abuse. • Ask about the presence, welfare, dangerousness, and disappearance of pets in the home. • Observe the living conditions of the pets. • Observe the physical and health condition of the pets. • Inquire about whether pets have ever been harmed. • Take note of the interactions between those living in the home and pets. (Girardi & Pozzulo, 2012) • Sexual abuse: any use of an animal for sexual gratification. • Neglect: a failure to provide adequate food, water, shelter, companionship or veterinary attention. What is the overlap between child abuse and animal abuse? DeViney, Dickert, & Lockwood (1983) studied 53 families who met New Jersey’s criteria for child maltreatment and who also had companion animals. They found that 60% of families had at least one family member who met at least one of the criteria for animal abuse. While 88% of the families that were under state supervision for physical abuse of their children engaged in animal abuse, only 34% of families under supervision for other types of child maltreatment (such as neglect or sexual abuse) also abused animals, a significant difference. Another early study (Walker, 1980, cited in Arkow, 1997) found a nine percent overlap in Bucks County, Pennsylvania families who were reported to animal protection and to child protection agencies. A study by Montminy-Danna (2007) surveyed 500 child welfare workers. Of these, 121 returned the survey. CPS workers reported that in 22.5% of cases, there was a disclosure of animal cruelty. A 2008 retrospective study of college students with a sample of 860 students from three universities in the West and Midwest found that 22.9% had been exposed to animal cruelty and 34.6% had been victims of some form of child maltreatment. Exposure to both animal cruelty and child abuse was indicated by 12.4% (DeGue & DiLillo, 2009). In their review of research, Becker and French (2004) found that animal abuse can be an indicator of child abuse. Animal abuse has come to be seen as part of a continuum of abuse within families. Animals may be used to coerce children into silence. Some abusers even kill animals in front of the child and threaten that the child or other family members will be next. Animal abuse and other forms of family violence tend to co-occur in the same families. Consequently,

animal abuse and child abuse often occur together (McPhedran, 2009). What is the overlap between domestic violence and animal abuse? State and national surveys indicate that as many as 70% of battered women who have pets report that their partners had threatened to harm or had harmed or killed their pets and 32% of the women reported that their children had also committed acts of animal cruelty (Ascione, Weber, & Wood, 1997). In the context of domestic violence, acts of animal abuse are used to coerce, control, and intimidate women and children to remain in and to be silent about abusive situations (Becker & French, 2004). What is the relationship between animal abuse, violence and other forms of antisocial behavior? A study by Arluke, Levin, Luke & Ascione (1999) attests to a complex relationship between animal abuse and violence towards humans. The researchers note that there is a common idea that animal abuse precedes abuse of humans (as a sort of ‘practice’ or ‘rehearsal’ arena where individuals ‘graduate’ from abusing animals to abusing humans). They maintain that a deviance generalization hypothesis fits the data better than a ‘violence graduation’ hypothesis. The findings of Arluke et al. support the idea that individuals who commit one form of deviance are more likely than matched controls to commit other deviant acts. Of those who abused animals, 70% also committed at least one other violent offense compared to 22% of controls. In other words, animal abusers were 3.2 times more likely to have a criminal record when compared to control participants. Animal abusers were four times more likely than controls to be arrested for property crimes, and 3.5 times more likely to be arrested for drug-related offenses and for disorderly conduct. Additionally, there is no particular pattern of time-order. Animal abuse might occur either before, after or concurrently with other forms of antisocial behaviors Given the findings of Arluke et al., animal abuse is one of many antisocial behaviors

3 committed by abusers, rather than being a predictor or a distinct developmental step. Thus, a child who has tortured his own puppy may have already been violent towards fellow children or towards adults. Assessment There are several assessment methods that can be useful in determining animal care. One is observation of the home environment. If parents and children are observed interacting with pets, much information can be gained. During office interactions, or at the home, family members can be asked about pets. Social workers should especially note if a breed of animal is associated with animal fighting or vicious dogs. Several instruments are available to help in assessing an animal’s condition. These are reviewed on the VCPN website. There are also instruments available to assist in assessing animal hoarding and these are reviewed on the VCPN website as well.

ment. All participants in court systems need to grasp the links between various forms of violence. Participants in community efforts to prevent child abuse should become aware of the links between child maltreatment and other forms of violence. Public health officials, animal control officers, and law enforcement are in a position to detect both animal cruelty and child maltreatment. Cross-reporting of Animal Abuse and Child Abuse Given the overlap between animal abuse and child abuse, a number of states have mandated cross-reporting of animal abuse and child abuse. Child protection agencies, animal health care providers, animal control agencies, and child health care providers are all affected. Enacting cross-reporting legislation is thought to be the most direct method to broaden protection for families, children and animals. Of all 50 states, in 2009, there were 11 that had laws that allowed cross-reporting of animal abuse by CPS workers and six states had legislation that required CPS workers to report animal abuse (Animal Law Coalition, 2009, cited in Risley-Curtiss, Zilney & Hornung, 2010). By 2014, there were 13 states with legislation related to cross-reporting (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2014). The legislation is quite varied. Veterinarians, animal control and animal welfare workers are mandated reporters of suspected child abuse in nine states; child and adult protective service workers and veterinarians are mandated reporters of suspected animal

abuse in 20 states, and are permitted to report in 11 additional states (National Link Coalition, 2014). In Virginia, an animal control officer is listed among persons required to report suspected child abuse. There is limited literature about cross-reporting of child abuse and animal abuse. A study published in 2010 (Risley-Curtiss, et al.) surveyed the District of Columbia and 45 states using a 23-item survey. Researchers tried to reach individuals who were responsible for training of child protective services workers. Risley-Curtis et al. found that 12 of 46 states (slightly more than a quarter) provide training for CPS staff to inquire about whether or not the family has animals. About 20% (9 of the 46) included information on assessing the types of relationships family members have with the animals and 8 of the 46 trainers included information about recognizing and assessing animal abuse. Considering cross-reporting, 26% of the respondents to the Risley-Curtis et al. (2010) survey reported that some cross-reporting of animal abuse and child abuse occurs. Only three states (6.5%) had a CPS policy for cross-reporting. Only six states (11%) included information about cross-reporting in their core training while 24% (11 of the 46) included some information on crossreporting in advanced training. The authors note that only five states included questions about animal abuse on their safety and risk assessment protocols, suggesting that when CPS workers do discover animal abuse, they do so by chance. continued on page 4

Interventions Because research shows that violence towards children frequently exists alongside other forms of family violence such as domestic abuse and also co-occurs with animal cruelty, it may no longer be wise to treat these different forms of violence as separate, unrelated problems (Randour & Davidson, 2008). Due to the links, networking and a multidisciplinary approach to reporting, investigation, and intervention may be more effective in ensuring safe homes for children. Animal protection and child protection staff working together can detect unsafe conditions for children and animals earlier. Several key agencies and providers can be included in multidisciplinary efforts. Child protective services, child welfare workers, and human service providers should be aware of the issue of animal abuse and its link to child maltreatment. Domestic violence shelters serve many families with cherished pets that may be left in harm’s way when the mother and children seek shelter. Private providers, especially in-home service providers, are in a position to recognize animal cruelty. Humane societies, animal control officers, animal shelters, and animal rescue efforts need to be aware of the link between animal cruelty and child maltreat-

The National Link Coalition is a multidisciplinary, collaborative initiative to increase awareness, research, legislation and programs about the connections between animal abuse and human violence. Phil Arkow is the coordinator of The Link. He reports that there are more than 30 coalitions around the United States, including one in Virginia (see the article on Virginia’s Picture, this issue). The National Link Coalition began in 2008. Arkow explains the goals. The Link endeavors to obtain recognition for the connectedness between animal abuse and abuse of people. “Animal abuse is a human welfare issue,” he states. A second goal is to expand the research base and to help people connect with research. Third, the Link hopes to monitor and affect public policy. An interdisciplinary approach is endorsed. Arkow remarks, “Marvelous progress has been made. For example, in 1995, only five states considered animal cruelty as a felony. Now all 50 states have statutes making animal cruelty a felony.” He adds that 900 women’s shelters nationally offer some sort of foster care program for pets. “It removes a huge barrier if women fleeing domestic violence can bring their pets to shelter also.” Joining the National Link Coalition is free and members receive a newsletter. Interested readers can join the National Link at: http://nationallinkcoalition.org/ Phil Arkow can be reached at (856) 627-5118 or E-mail: arkowpets@snip.net

Examining the Link continued from page 3 The most comprehensive study found by VCPN staff was from Canada (Girardi & Pozzulo, 2012). Unlike prior studies, researchers limited their inquiry to child protective service workers who were actively investigating cases. An invitation to 627 workers yielded a fairly small response with 78 useable replies. The authors note that there may be sampling bias as workers who resonated with the issue of animal cruelty may have been more likely to respond. Girardi & Pozzulo found that 45% of the workers had directly observed children harming animals during investigative visits over the previous year and 28% had observed adult caretakers physically harming animals. Most indicated that such observed behaviors happened rarely. The majority of workers (94%) had seen evidence of animal neglect (for example, inadequate food or water or excessive confining) while conducting child protection investigations. Almost half (44%) had observed evidence that an animal had been physically abused (such as visible injuries). About two-thirds witnessed animals behaving in a physically aggressive manner towards people in the homes they were investigating. Despite the high numbers who had witnessed or who suspected animal cruelty, only 23% indicated that they usually reported the animal cruelty to the appropriate authorities. Forty-eight percent of the responding workers had not reported any instance of animal cruelty. Further, most of the respondents did not routinely ask questions to determine whether or not children had engaged in or witnessed animal cruelty. What CPS Workers Can Do For states where there is no legislation mandating cross-reporting, agency policy or networking such as through multidisciplinary teams can be used to address the co-occurrence of child maltreatment and animal abuse. While CPS workers are not expected to become authorities on crueltyto-animal laws, they can make a sufficient assessment to determine whether or not an animal protection agency should be notified. CPS workers can also have policies and pro-

cedures established for reporting concerning animal situations. CPS workers can engage in cross-training with animal welfare staff where each agency can instruct the other about reporting procedures and indicators of a need to report (Arkow, 1997). Routinely asking questions about animals in the home, the welfare of animals, and animal cruelty can provide opportunities for children or non-abusing parents to report concerns. Children and their caretakers may be willing to talk about animal maltreatment if they are asked. Furthermore, CPS workers should routinely try to examine the living conditions of animals in the home and to note observations of interactions between those living in the home and the animals (Girardi & Pozzulo, 2012). Prevention A primary prevention effort that is increasingly available through animal welfare organizations and in schools is humane education. Several of the Virginia SPCA organizations featured in this issue are very involved in humane education. Colleges and universities are beginning to offer degrees in the multidisciplinary field of Human-Animal Studies. Some of these institutions are featured on VCPN’s website. There is also the emergence of the field of Animal Law. The ability to include pets in protective orders is just one example of recent legislative change that can prevent harm to animals. Secondary prevention is aimed towards at-risk populations. These individuals would include those felt likely to abuse animals as well as those who have begun to abuse animals but are not known to abuse people (Ascione & Shapiro, 2009). Children who have witnessed abuse, those who live in violent environments, children with early signs of conduct disorder, those involved in bullying (either as a perpetrator or a victim) as well as those with isolated incidents of animal abuse or incidents of low severity

might be included in an at-risk population (see separate article on Children Who Abuse Animals, this issue). Model programs for treatment of animal abuse are described on VCPN’s website. Another secondary effort is allowing domestic violence victims to bring pets with them to shelters (see the article on Domestic Violence, this issue). Cross-reporting can be considered as a secondary prevention effort. Networking itself is a prevention effort. Interested readers can join the National Link which also has state chapters. Tertiary efforts at intervention and treatment are described throughout this issue of VCPN and also are featured on our website. Effective violence prevention must begin with addressing perpetrators. Understandings of perpetrator behaviors and effective means to rehabilitate them will be crucial. Future Directions Research to date about links between child maltreatment and animal abuse has often lacked sophistication. Small samples and lack of control groups are common difficulties. Little multi-cultural research has been published. Studies have centered on convenience populations (such as shelter residents; incarcerated individuals; college students) which makes generalization difficult. Summary Phil Arkow, Coordinator of the National Link Coalition, commented in a recent interview with VCPN staff, “Animal abuse is a human welfare issue.” The phenomena of violence towards animals and violence towards humans are often linked. Those who labor for animal protection and professionals who work with child protection, domestic violence, and elder protection should become aware of the linkages between animal welfare and maltreatment of humans. References Available on the Website

National Center for Prosecution of Animal Abuse (NCPAA) 99 Canal Center Plaza Suite 330 Alexandria, VA 22314 Website: http://www.ndaa.org/animal_abuse_home.html Contact: Allie Phillips Phone: (703) 549-9222 Email: aphillips@ndaa.org The National Center for Prosecution of Animal Abuse (NCPAA) was created in 2011 by Allie Phillips in partnership with the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) and Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF). Allie Phillips is a former Assistant Prosecuting Attorney and has been training prosecutors and allied professionals since 1997. NCPAA’s goal is to support and train prosecutors and other professionals in the handling of animal abuse cases and cases involving the co-occurrence of violence to animals and people. The overall mission of NCPAA is to act in the best interests of animals and to create communities where animal protection laws are fully enforced.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ANIMAL ABUSE: THE CONNECTIONS Pets can be important in families, filling both emotional and social needs for family members. Both adults and children can be deeply attached to pets. Approximately 68% of American households contained pets in 2013 and Americans spent approximately $50 billion on food, care, and other expenses for pets in 2012 (Humane Society of the U.S., 2014).

How Often do Women Coming to Shelters Own Pets? There is limited data about how many women who are seeking shelter due to domestic violence have pets. In the general population, 68% of households contain pets. Pets are present in over two-thirds of homes with children under age six and in nearly three-fourths of homes with children over age six (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2007). Therefore, general population data suggest that many women who experience domestic violence and many women with children who are seeking shelter due to domestic violence are likely to also have pets. Ascione (2007) summarized older studies (from 1998 to 2004) of women in domestic violence situations. He found the numbers of women with pet ownership were comparable to the pet ownership in U. S. women with children. The nine studies that included this information found pet ownership ranged from 40.2% to 90.6%. How Often Are Pets Abused in Homes with Domestic Violence? In surveys of women who are living at domestic violence shelters, large percentages (46% to 86%) of those who have pets report that their abuser had threatened to harm their pets or had actually harmed or killed them (Ascione, 1998; Ascione, Weber & Wood, 1997; Flynn, 2000; studies cited in Hardesty, et al., 2013; Volant, Johnson, Gullone & Coleman, 2008). Abusive acts include

hitting, punching, mutilating, and killing. Neglect can include deprivation of food, water, shelter, and veterinary care. Livestock can be affected as well as companion pets (Arkow, 1997). Pet abuse has been shown to be significantly higher in homes with domestic violence compared to control homes without domestic violence (Ascione at al., 2007; Volant et al., 2008). While a number of studies have shown an association between animal abuse and domestic violence, few studies have included control groups. A study by Walton-Moss, Manganello, Frye and Campbell (2005) analyzed a case-controlled study, conducted from 1994 to 2000 in 11 U. S. metropolitan cities. A total of 3,637 women who had experienced domestic violence and 845 control women participated. Four variables were identified as predictive of intimate partner violence. One of the four was pet abuse. The other three were not being a high school graduate, having a substance abuse problem, and being in fair or poor mental health. Hardesty et al. (2013) interviewed 19 women in the Midwest who had sought shelter and who had pets. About half (9 women) reported that their abusers used the pet as a method of control. These abusers lacked emotional bonds to the pets while the women had strong emotional bonds to the pets and used the pets as a source of comfort. In some cases, the pets had protected the women during abusive episodes. The abusers made threats and/or physically harmed the pets. There were diverse decisions and outcomes, often traumatic, and women showed persistent worry about their pets. Their pets were seen as central to their recovery and the women planned to be reunited with the pets or planned to adopt new pets. In contrast, the 10 women whose abusers did not use pets as a control mechanism reported different characteristics. Some of the abusers were strongly bonded to the pets. The majority of these women left the pets with the abusers and they were comfortable with that decision. They had no plans to reunify with the pets and were ambivalent about owning pets in the future. They prioritized their children and themselves over the pets and had less emotional attachment to the pets. Ascione (2000, reported in Becker & French, 2004) compared 100 women who

were battered and had sought help from a shelter with a sample of non-battered women. All women in the study had pets. For the battered women, 55% reported that their partner had hurt or killed their pets while 5% of the controls reported this. The battered women reported that 62% of their children were exposed to the animal abuse. One in four of the battered women reported that they remained in the abusive relationship due to concern about their pet. This study was similar to others such as Ponder and Lockwood (2000) where 44% of battered women reported their partners had abused or killed family pets and where 43% reported that concern for their petâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s welfare kept them in the abusive relationship longer. Faver & Strand (2003) offer similar data. Almost half of their sample of 41 pet-owning battered women reported their partners had threatened or harmed their pets. Over a fourth reported that their concern about their pets had affected their decision about leaving or staying. What Are the Psychological Dynamics of Pet Abuse in the Context of Domestic Violence? Relatively little is known about the psychological dynamics at the intersection of domestic violence and pet abuse (Maiuro, Eberle, Rastaman & Snowflake, 2008). However, most perpetrators of domestic violence seek to exert control (Wilkinson, 2012). A myriad of control tactics have been postulated. Physical violence or threats of violence, control of financial resources, stalking, emotional abuse, isolation, and threats to harm children or abuse of children are some of the methods used by batterers in attempts to control their partner. In cases where the victim cares deeply about a pet, threats to kill or harm the pet, to give the pet away, to deprive the pet of food or care, and physical abuse of the pet can be additional ways to terrorize or control oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s partner and children (Arkow, 1997; Becker & French, 2004; Gilbreath, 2008; Zorza, 2008). Abusers send a strong message warning women that they may be next when abusing or threatening to abuse a pet. The abuser is exerting domination and control while continued on page 6

Domestic Violence and Animal Abuse continued from page 5 simultaneously threatening to eliminate their partner’s source of comfort. Women may be afraid to leave the abuser for fear of what harm will befall their pet(s). Differences Between Batterers Who Abuse Pets and Those Who Don’t Carlisle-Frank, Frank & Nielsen (2004) compared the reports of women whose partners had physically harmed their pets to responses of women whose partners had not harmed pets. According to the women’s reports, pet-abusing batterers were reported to show less affection towards pets. They communicated with pets through commands and threats. They were more likely to view animals as property. According to the women’s reports, men who abused pets were more likely to have unrealistic expectations and were more likely to scapegoat the pets. They were more likely to have punished pets and were, in addition, more sensitive to stressful life events. The authors concluded that violence directed towards animals appears to be embedded in a complex set of attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs. Effects on Children Children who observe violence towards animals can become desensitized to violence. These children can also begin to abuse animals themselves (Arkow, 1997). Children living with family violence are exposed to significantly higher instances of animal abuse (studies cited in Thompson & Gullone, 2006). For example, in one study, 29% of mothers in the family violence group reported that their children had witnessed their partner harm or kill a pet while no mothers in the community sample reported this. Further, while 19% of mothers in a family violence group reported that their children had harmed or killed a family pet, only one mother in the community group (1%) reported that her child had harmed or killed a pet (Gullone, Volant & Johnson, 2004). These findings are similar to a survey of over 800 college students (DeGue & DeLillo, 2009). For those students who had witnessed family violence, about 30% had also witnessed animal cruelty. Witnessing animal cruelty had a strong overlap with perpetrating animal cruelty as well, as children who had witnessed animal cruelty were eight times more likely to perpetrate animal cruelty.

Do Women Delay Seeking Help or Refuse to Seek Help due to Inability to Protect their Pet? Pets may be a factor in a woman deciding whether or not to leave an abusive relationship. For example, in a study of 101 women (Ascione et al., 2007), over a third reported delaying leaving because of concern about pets (cited in Hardesty et al., 2013). An Australian study (Volant et al., 2008) also found that about a third of women reported they had delayed leaving the abusive relationship because of concern for their pets’ welfare. Ascione (2007) found data from nine studies that asked women if concern for a pet had delayed their help-seeking. The percentages of women who had delayed seeking shelter due to concern about pets ranged from 18.6% to 48%.

What Shelters Can Do Since hotline staff members are often the first contact for women, it is important that they ask if any animals in the home also need protection. Women should be informed about options for protecting pets and pets need to be addressed in safety plans and risk assessments (Zorza, 2008). Literature suggests that many domestic violence shelters are not able to accept pets and do not offer alternative housing for pets. Shelters may worry about practical problems for housing pets. Some residents or their children may be allergic to pets. Pets may be unvaccinated and carrying diseases. Pets may scratch or bite other residents or staff. Pets may require space and accommodations not easily available at a shelter. Pets can be expensive to care for. If a family brings pets and does not care for them properly, back up plans are needed, and possibly even require removal of the pet. Another challenge is re-housing women with pets. Since some landlords will not allow pets or will charge extra for pets, housing selections for women with pets can be more expensive and

Special Thanks To….. Phil Arkow Barbara Boat, Ph.D. Gary Patronek, Ph. D. Allie Phillips, J.D.

more limited than for women without pets. These concerns are addressed in Sheltering Animals & Families Together (SAF-T) StartUp Manual (2012) which is reviewed in this issue of VCPN. Some shelters for battered women have developed safe placements for pets (Arkow, 2008; Gilbreath, 2008). In a recent interview with VCPN staff, Phil Arkow, Coordinator of the National Link Coalition noted that considerable progress has been made. “We now have 900 women’s shelters that offer some sort of foster care program for animals, but there still is a tremendous need for pet-friendly shelters,” commented Arkow. According to Allie Phillips (www.animalsandfamilies.org) nationally there are 84 domestic violence shelters with kennels on site and 17 more in process. In some households, companion animals are co-owned by the household’s adults. This means a batterer may be entitled to retrieve the animal from a safe haven program or have a claim for the theft of his property (Gilbreath, 2008). Women can bring any purchase records, adoption records, or veterinary records that are in her name to demonstrate ownership. If courts have included pets in protective orders or in a divorce or separation agreement, that action can alleviate concerns about the custody of the pet. Arkow related that in 2006 a woman testified in Maine and obtained a pet protection order. “Today,” he added, “twenty-seven states recognize pet protection orders.” A list of states that have made provisions for pets in protective orders is available on the website for The National Resource Center on the Link Between Animal Abuse and Human Violence (http://nationallinkcoalition.org/) Summary Both the presence of pets and the abuse of pets in the lives of battered women are realities that shelters, police, the court system, therapists, and child protective services workers need to be prepared to address. Prosecution should hold the batterer accountable for the abuse of all victims in the household. Police and shelter staff need to be aware of potential dangers to companion animals in the home. In addition to inquiring about pets and having arrangements to care for pets, counseling should include support for the complicated feelings of loss, guilt, and worry that battered women with pets may feel. Effects on children witnessing animal abuse can be long-lasting (see separate article, this issue). Since child witnesses of both domestic violence and animal abuse are considered at higher risk for poor outcomes (such as conduct disorders; bullying; violence towards others and violence towards animals), these children may need additional support and therapy over what is typically offered. References Are Available on the Website or by Request

CHILDREN WITNESSING ANIMAL ABUSE Effects of Witnessing Animal Cruelty

There is no doubt that witnessing abuse and violence is detrimental to children. Child witnesses of domestic abuse experience a wide range of behavioral and emotional difficulties, although aggressiveness and conduct disorder are the problems most frequently linked to angry home environments. Attachment can be disrupted, as well as sleeping and eating patterns. High levels of somatic complaints and poor health have been documented. Increased arousal, avoidance reactions, and emotional numbing can result from exposure to domestic violence. School performance, social competence, and emotional development can be compromised. For a comprehensive review of the effects of children witnessing domestic violence, see VCPN, volume 60. Young children’s experience with animals, especially family pets, can be seen as a microcosm for how children learn to relate to others. What children observe and experience regarding how the adults in their lives treat pets and people presents lifelong lessons to the child (Lewchanin & Randour, 2008). The systematic desensitization of children to violence is felt to be a major factor in later manifestation of social deviance (Gibson, 2005).

Research has linked witnessing animal abuse to significantly higher levels of animal cruelty (Thompson & Gullone, 2006; studies cited in Carlisle-Frank et al., 2004). Interestingly, witnessing a friend, a relative, a parent or a sibling abuse an animal is linked to significantly higher levels of cruelty towards animals, while witnessing strangers abusing animals is linked to significantly lower levels of later animal cruelty. Frequently witnessing animal abuse was linked to significantly higher levels of animal cruelty. Flynn (2000a; 2000b) surveyed undergraduate students about their histories of witnessing animal abuse and perpetrating animal abuse. Overall, 17.6% had perpetrated animal abuse with males being four times more likely than females to engage in animal cruelty. The majority of those engaging in animal abuse had witnessed others abusing animals. DeGue and DeLillo (2009) had similar findings in a survey of 800 college students. Witnessing animal cruelty strongly overlapped with perpetuating animal cruelty.

Children Living With Domestic Violence Children living in situations of domestic violence are more likely to witness animal abuse where pets are harmed or killed (Gullone, Volant & Johnson, 2004). Children living in situations of domestic violence are 20 times more likely to have witnessed a pet being abused than children from a control group (Ascione, Thompson & Black, 1997). Children who witness pet abuse are both traumatized and desensitized to violence with effects evident both in childhood and as adults (Zorza, 2008). Witnessing a combination of domestic violence towards a parent and witnessing the abuse of a pet is thought to compromise children’s psychological adjustment and also to increase the propensity for interpersonal violence through modeling or observational learning. Violence may be normalized if it is a usual occurrence in the child’s home (Carlisle-Frank, Frank & Nielsen, 2004). Barbara Boat, Ph. D. has argued that childhood exposure to animal abuse should be considered an ACE (Adverse Childhood Experience) that has the potential to contribute to “toxic stress” and the subsequent risks to the child’s brain development, impaired potential, and negative health outcomes. (For an article about the ACE study, see VCPN, volume 87).

Intervention When working with children who may have witnessed violence, there are a number of areas of inquiry that may be fruitful. More detail is available in A Common Bond: Maltreated Children and Animals in the Home by American Humane (see review, this issue). Relationships can be important, both the relationship between the child and the abuser and the relationship between the child and the animal. If workers learn about what happened to the animal and how frequently the abuse occurred, patterns of abuse in the home may be more evident. Children may not realize what constitutes animal abuse and may simply describe conditions that they feel are usual. Workers should be prepared for children to have a variety of responses to the conditions and treatment that they have witnessed and ask if the events bothered the child.

It may be helpful to know the role of the child. Was he or she passive and just observing? Was the child a participant? Was the child encouraged to abuse the animal as well? Did the child witness events that adults were hiding from the child or was the abuse done openly? Knowing the child’s immediate and long-term response would be helpful. Does the child show anxiety, depression, or trauma responses? Does the child feel shame or guilt or remorse? Is the child indifferent or excusing the adult’s behaviors? Was the abuse of the animal part of a larger series of events? For example, was the child threatened that the animal would be hurt unless the child did certain things? Or was the animal punished because the child failed to do something? If the child reported what was witnessed, who did they tell and what was the person’s response? How does the child explain or make sense of the animal cruelty? VCPN was not able to find specific interventions for child witnesses of animal cruelty. It is likely, however, that evidence-based treatments for trauma (reviewed in VCPN, volume 95) would be helpful with child witnesses of animal cruelty. Combining effective trauma treatments with humane education and with animal-assisted therapy could potentially enhance the intervention and make it more specific to the trauma of seeing animal cruelty. Witnessing animal cruelty is likely to have a number of outcomes. Some children may become advocates of preventing cruelty and may become protective of animals and other living things. Unfortunately, others may have heightened risk to model the cruelty they have witnessed and to abuse animals and people (see the article, this issue, on Children Who Abuse Animals). If service providers (counselors; medical staff; veterinarians; CPS workers; animal protection staff) become more aware of the potentially detrimental effects of witnessing animal abuse, children are more likely to be referred for support, evaluation, and treatment. References Available on the Website or by Request

VIRGINIA’S

Domestic Violence Shelters and Pets As discussed in the article, this issue, about domestic violence and animal abuse, many women are reluctant to leave an abusive mate and seek shelter because they fear for the safety of their pets. In 2011, Kathy Pierce, staff person at the Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance, surveyed 41 of the 47 Virginia shelters for domestic violence concerning their ability to accommodate pets. Pierce talked to staff at each shelter about the ability to assist women and children with pets. Of the 41 shelters, only one shelter, Doorways for Women and Families Shelter in Arlington, had housing on site for pets. However, 26 of the shelters contacted had arrangements for housing pets off site. The arrangements varied and included relationships with SPCA shelters, with vets, with animal welfare groups, and with private families. The time frame was 10 days to 30 days or was not specified. Of the contacted shelters, 14 (about a third) reported no reliable arrangements for pets. VCPN staff talked with several shelters to learn more about some of the arrangements they have been able to offer women and children for the care of their pets. Arrangement with a Boarding Kennel

The Shelter for Help in Emergency is a large facility in Charlottesville. They typically serve 250 women and children in a year and can house up to 26 individuals. The facility has been in operation for 35 years. Robin Goldstein, Volunteer Coordinator, talked to VCPN staff about the Pet Safe program. She said the program began in 2002, two years prior to her arrival. She described their Pet Safe program as unique in the Commonwealth. The Shelter for Help in Emergency has an agreement with a boarding and grooming establishment to house pets of shelter clients. The establishment is a family-run business. They provide care, and if necessary, food

PICTURE

for the animals for free. They do not require that the animals have shots or be spayed, but house them separately from other boarders if there are no immunizations. Women can stay at the Shelter for Help in Emergency for up to six weeks and the boarding facility will keep their animals until women leave the Shelter. The boarding facility is within walking distance of Shelter for Help in Emergency. Families are welcome to visit their pets and play with them or exercise them. Goldstein says that some women are devoted to their pets and visit daily but many are overwhelmed by being uprooted, and needing to find a job and housing and visit their pets infrequently (although they are grateful that their pet has a good place to stay). Goldstein reports that the pet care service is used infrequently. She estimates that over the 7.5 years she has worked, about 20 women have brought pets to the Shelter. Goldstein notes that the telephone intake form that they use was created by the Alliance for all 60 shelters in Virginia to gather standardized data. It does not contain any questions about pets. Goldstein hypothesizes that many women don’t know that the Shelter offers pet care and therefore make other arrangements for their animals. “Our model is extremely low maintenance,” said Goldstein. “I know other shelters that use volunteers to house pets in homes and that process is more time-consuming.” If a woman cannot continue to care for her pet when she leaves the shelter, Goldstein will first attempt to place the animal in a home or as a last resort, the animal will be transported to the local SPCA. She said that only twice has she had to take animals to the SPCA. Goldstein said they have sheltered only cats and dogs. No one has asked about small animals such as gerbils. The Shelter can’t accommodate large animals. One woman asked about care for her horses and another wanted shelter for sheep. Goldstein says the Pet Safe program works well, although they remain dependent upon the good will of one establishment. They do not plan any changes in their Pet Safe program in the immediate future. Persons wanting more information can contact Robin Goldstein at: Shelter for Help in Emergency, PO Box 1013, Charlottesville, VA 22902, (434) 963-4676 or by E-mail: rgoldstein@shelterforhelpinemergency.org

staff talked with Claudia Zaborsky, MA, Domestic Violence Program Director, about their pet accommodations. The kennel was built in 2007 and sits in a fenced backyard at the shelter. It has an outdoor run built into the kennel and women can also take their dog on a walk or allow their pet to run and play in the fenced backyard. The kennel is further protected by cameras that monitor the outside of the building. The shelter has equipment such as feeding bowls and they have money budgeted or donations to provide needed food. They can also help with spay and neuter services or vet services. Doorways is an 11-bed facility. Last year they housed 41 women and 29 children. The shelter has a separate intake process for animals. Zaborsky says that pets housed need to be safe, healthy and not an immediate threat to the survivor or other clients at the shelter. She stresses the need for a protocol for pets. Often the pet intake process will enable the shelter staff to assist the survivor in locating services such as a local veterinarian who can provide a check-up and immunizations. The shelter staff also has a good relationship with the SPCA and local humane associations so that a pet that is unsafe (perhaps due to being abused as well) can be housed off-site if necessary. Zaborsky says, “For families that we have served, having a safe place for their pets has been critical in their healing process.” However, the kennel has been used only once in the three years that Zaborsky has been working at Doorways. During her tenure, they have housed a goldfish and a hamster as well as the one dog. One reason for low utilization may be the weather. Currently, Doorways is weatherizing the kennel and soon it will have air conditioning and heating. Persons wanting more information can contact Claudia Zaborsky at (703) 237-0881 or by E-mail: CZborsky@doorwaysva.org

On-site Housing

Use of a Local Animal Welfare Program

Doorways for Women and Families is located in Northern Virginia. It is the only domestic violence shelter in Virginia that has housing for pets at the shelter facility. VCPN

VCPN staff talked to three animal welfare organizations that partner with domestic violence shelters. Both are located in metropolitan areas.

WHAT SHELTER STAFF CAN DO TO SUPPORT WOMEN WITH COMPANION ANIMALS

Robin Starr The Richmond SPCA is a large animal welfare organization that not only shelters animals, but offers Humane Education to thousands of children each year through its school programs, camps, and after-school education programs. The Richmond SPCA has offered SAAF (Sheltering Animals of Abused Families) for over 10 years. CEO Robin Starr explained that a move to a larger facility in 2002 allowed the Richmond SPCA the capacity to develop the program. SAAF partners with three area shelters- The YWCA of Richmond, Hanover Safe Place, and Safe Harbor. If a woman has need for shelter for pets, an SPCA member will meet the family along with staff from the domestic violence shelter and will take the pets into safekeeping. Starr explained that SAAF will generally shelter pets from situations of domestic violence in foster homes or at a private kennel. This practice prevents the abuser from coming to the SPCA animal shelter and locating the pets, and provides an additional layer of safety. The Richmond SPCA has full veterinary care and a staff of three veterinarians. The SAAF program does require that pets be spayed and neutered and that service is provided with the woman’s permission and at no charge. Vaccinations are also provided for free. Starr says that the pets in the SAAF program frequently have unaddressed medical needs and these animals can require expensive care. Fortunately, the Richmond SPCA is able to provide needed veterinarian care. The women may leave pets with the Richmond SPCA as long as they reside in the domestic violence shelter. They must retrieve their pets within 48 hours of leaving the domestic violence facility. Starr notes that the SPCA staff remains in close contact with the women and most visit their pet frequently. The SAAF program services about a dozen pets a year. Starr comments, “SAAF is greatly needed and tremendously successful. Most women are able to reclaim their pets.” The Richmond SPCA publishes a Pet-Friendly Housing Guide and keeps it updated. This resource helps women locate housing where their pets will be welcomed. The Richmond SPCA received an award for their SAAF program several years ago. Starr summarizes, “SAAF is a crucial service that we provide for the community. It not only helps the women, but it also helps the animals, which is our focus.” More information is available from: CEO Robin Starr at: rstarr@richmondspca.org

• Have hotline staff ask callers whether they have pets and if pets have been harmed or threatened. Workers should ascertain whether or not family or friends are available to house pets. • Inform women seeking shelter about safe haven programs and emergency services for pets or build kennels at the shelter. • Provide opportunities for women and children to discuss their pets. Add questions about the presence of pets and their welfare to intake questionnaires. • Allow women to be concerned about pets. • Incorporate pets into safety planning and post pet safety planning brochures on the shelter’s website. • Include animals in domestic violence protection orders. • Assist women in proving ownership of pets. Veterinary records and adoption or purchase records can help establish ownership. • Train staff to realize that women may have different bonds to pets. • Collaborate with community partners such as animal shelters, rescue organizations, veterinarians and boarding facilities for pet care and services needed by pets. • Help women find pet-friendly transitional or permanent housing. Create a list of pet-friendly transitional housing and apartments. • Have pet adoption agencies as an option if women are unable to maintain pets. Sources: American Humane Association, 2014; Hardesty et al., 2013; Sheltering Animals & Families Together Manual, 2012.

The Animal Welfare League of Arlington offers a Safekeeping program that is available not only to shelters for battered women but also to other individuals in crisis. Kerry McKeel, Communications Manager, explains the program. “Unfortunate circumstances can deplete savings or upset stability so severely that many people find providing for their pets becomes impossible,” she comments. “The goal of the Safekeeping program at Arlington is to keep pets and their people together through a crisis by offering sanctuary to the pets, not only in situations of domestic violence, but also in situations due to catastrophic illness, a death in the family, flood, or fire.” VCPN staff talked with Jennifer Pickar, Director of Community Programs. She explained that the Safekeeping program has been offered more than 15 years. The Animal Welfare League of Arlington will keep the pets for up to two weeks. If needed, the time can be expanded. Pet owners receive free care and their animals will receive basic vaccinations if they are not up-to-date on immunizations. There are free spay and neuter services available if the owner desires.

The Safekeeping program is part of the League’s services. The Arlington facility shelters approximately 3,000 animals each year. They accept dogs, cats, and other small animals such as chinchillas, birds, gerbils, and bunnies. They also accept sick, injured or orphaned wildlife which are later transferred to a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. Pickar described a plethora of programs: summer camps for children; humane education; a vet assistance crisis service that grants interest-free loans to pet owners in the DC metro area whose pets need immediate care; animal control services; general educational programs. The shelter’s contract with Arlington County covers 50 to 60% of their expense and they have a separate contract for sheltering stray animals from the city of Falls Church. The Safekeeping program varies in referrals. Last year there were only two referrals for the program. Pickar was not certain if either or both were due to domestic violence. More information is available at www. awla.org , from Jenifer Pickar (703) 9319241 x 213 or E-mail: pickar@awla.org, or from Kerry McKeel, E-mail: kmckeel@awla.org continued on page 10

Virginia’s Picture continued from page 9

The Loudoun Abused Women’s Shelter (LAWS) uses a local animal shelter for pets of domestic violence victims. The Loudoun County Animal Shelter will keep pets for 30 days. The stay can be extended if needed or a foster family can be found. Nicole Acosta, LCSW, Executive Director, explained that the women’s shelter is one part of their large program. The 12-bed shelter houses approximately 30 women and 40 children each year. Because of the low numbers, there is only an occasional request for a pet to be housed. Acosta explained that most women served by LAWS remain in their homes. LAWS employs two full-time attorneys. One works just with protective orders and the other with family law (divorce; child custody). LAWS serves about 1,000 victims a year. The organization is successful in keeping most in their homes and the abusive partner is ordered to leave. More information is available from: Nicole Acosta, LCSW, (703) 777-6552 or E-mail: laws@lcsj.org Survey of Domestic Violence Shelters In addition to the programs above, seven Virginia domestic violence shelters responded by e-mail to a request for information about their shelter’s arrangement for pets. All had some sort of arrangements to assist women and children with pets. Three mentioned that they accept service dogs in their facility and had an occasional request (less than once a year) for accommodation for a service dog. Shelters worked with local veterinarians, foster families, or SPCA agencies. Women and children were able to visit their pets while they were sheltered. In some cases, animals from domestic violence victims were taken by the partner agency only if there was room. Most reported time limits for care of pets that ranged from two weeks to a month, after which the women must make other arrangements or allow their pet to be adopted. One shelter reported care was available for as long as the woman was at the domestic violence shelter. Most shelters did not supply pet food (but the agency housing the animals often did provide food). Most shelters reported they did not have funds for vaccinations or spay/neuter services. Sometimes spay and neuter services were available for free in the community.

Shelter staff of these seven shelters reported that less than five pets a year were housed, even when the service was made known to women. Pets that received housing were generally cats and dogs but one facility also reported housing birds and snakes. Most women made other arrangements for their pets prior to coming to the shelter. Some respondents indicated that women would not come into the shelter because they would have to board their pets rather than have them living with the family in the shelter. One shelter mentioned that it was possible that victims in the community are unaware of their ability to care for their pets. Virginia Makes Legal Change to Allow Pets to be Included in Protective Orders Each year, many bills are considered in the Virginia House of Delegates and the Virginia Senate. Only a few are passed and approved and become law. House Bill 972 which became effective July 1, 2014 grants judges in Virginia the authority to award pet possession as part of a protective order. A person who has been the victim of violence, force or threat that has resulted in bodily injury or places them in reasonable apprehension of bodily injury can seek a protective order. These orders can be sought through a court petition or a magistrate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year on an emergency basis. After an initial emergency protective order is entered, it can be extended into a preliminary protective order, and eventual-

ly a permanent protective order, which can remain in effect for two years, if necessary. A judge can exclude a respondent from a shared residence with the petitioner, can prohibit acts of violence, can prohibit contact, can prevent the respondent from terminating utilities in the shared residence, and can award the petitioner exclusive use of a vehicle which is owned by either party. Under House Bill 972, the court can now grant possession of “companion animals” which may be shared by the parties as long as the petitioner is considered an owner. The authority extends to all types of protective orders, including preliminary and emergency protective orders. The legislation defines a companion animal as any family pet, including dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits which are not for consumption, reptiles, and birds. Farm animals, game species or animals held for research are not considered “companion animals” by the law. Readers wishing to review Virginia’s legislation can access it at: http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604. exe?141+sum+HB972 A list of states with laws that include pets in Temporary Restraining Orders is available at the Animal Legal and Historical Center at Michigan State University College of Law (http://www.animallaw.info/articles/ ovusdomesticviolencelaws.htm). As of 2014, 29 states and D.C. and Puerto Rico have enacted legislation that provides provision for pets in domestic violence orders. continued on page 16

CENTRAL VIRGINIA LINK COALITION

Central Virginia Link Coalition was started several years ago by Julie Palais, a scientist with a passion for animals. She learned of the National Link Coalition and discovered there was no Link group in Virginia. After attending a workshop in 2009 by Allie Phillips and others, she was inspired to begin the effort. Link Coalitions seek to forge links between child protective service workers, domestic violence agencies, adult protective services and animal control workers so that mutual cross-reporting of suspected cases of abuse will occur. In Virginia, animal control officers are required to report suspected child maltreatment and Virginia is one of only a few states where animal control officers receive mandated training on how to report suspected child maltreatment. However, Virginia CPS workers are not required to report animal abuse. The Coalition also seeks to bring together people from different fields and disciplines to share research and literature on the links between animal abuse, child abuse, elder abuse and domestic violence. To date, the Central Virginia Link Coalition has sponsored some trainings and workshops and has held some meetings. Palais has been unable to maintain the website due to technical problems, but there is a Facebook page devoted to the initiative. Palais seeks like-minded people who can help her develop the Central Virginia Link Coalition and work towards the goal of making Virginia a safer palce for people and pets. If you would like to join forces, contact Julie Palais by e-mail at: juliepalais@hotmail.com

SPOTLIGHT: VIRGINIA BEACH SPCA Virginia Beach SPCA sponsors a comprehensive humane animal education program for youth. The numbers and types of programs are truly spectacular! The SPCA shelters 4,000 to 6,000 animals a year. Their youth programs serve about 28,000 youth. Three programs specific to this issue of VCPN will be described first. The HOPE Program HOPE stands for Helping Out Pets Everywhere. This program originated over 20 years ago. The program assists 75 to 125 animals a year by providing temporary care when owners cannot. The intended length of stay is 28 days, but the usual length of stay is six weeks. In some extreme cases, pets have been housed as long as seven to eight months. Many crises may precipitate a request for care, including domestic violence, a pet owner who is in the hospital, economic downturn and loss of jobs and housing, relocations due to disasters such as flooding, or for persons who are trauma victims. The HOPE program has established liaisons with local domestic violence shelters, such as Samaritan House. If an owner is unable to resume care of their pet, the HOPE program staff will seek an adoptive family. The HOPE program utilizes a robust volunteer program where pets are housed in the volunteer’s home. A group of about 150 volunteers provides the service. The SPCA has orientation each month for those interested in fostering pets. “Shelters can be stressful,” explains Amanda Panuline Dunlap, Community Outreach Director and Director of Adult Volunteers. “We can arrange ‘meet and greet’ visitation sessions between the family and their pet. The family does not have routine access to their pet, but they have the relief of knowing their pet is receiving excellent and individualized care in a home setting.” The HOPE program has dealt mainly with dogs and a fewer number of cats. There is an occasional bird. “We can accommodate any smaller animal,” says Dunlap. “We haven’t been asked about large animals to date.” Indigent Veterinarian Care With a $10,000 grant from the Banfield Charitable Trust (through PET SMART), the Virginia Beach SPCA offers low-income families the opportunity to apply for funds for veterinary care for their pets that is above and beyond routine and preventative care (the funds do not cover spay and neuter or vaccinations). These funds are particularly helpful for women who are victims of domestic violence. In order for pets to be served in the HOPE program, they must

be up-to-date with immunizations and they must be spayed or neutered. The grant allows funding for those applying to HOPE whose animals do not meet the health criteria. The SPCA also operates a Food Pantry for pets and distributes free pet food. Animals Cultivating Empathy (ACE) Over the past two years, the Virginia Beach SPCA has developed a program in cooperation with licensed counselors and a psychiatrist to intervene with children who are abusive towards animals. They have based their offering on the AniCare Model (described elsewhere in this issue). The program aims to teach empathy, boundaries, and attachment skills, by providing youth with safe outlets to express their motivations and to develop meaningful connections with animals. Starting the process early is felt to lead to more empathy for humans as well. The 6-week program is designed to help curb future violent behaviors. “We are hoping to intervene early with children who are cruel to animals. This is an empathy-building program,” explains Sharon Adams, MPA, Chair of the Virginia Alliance for Animal Shelters. Adams formerly worked at the Virginia Beach SPCA and she was the developer of both the HOPE program and the ACE program. Thus far, parents have not been willing to enroll their children in the ACE program, perhaps because of the stigma attached to animal abuse. Adams says that many service providers are unaware of the importance of animal cruelty and intervening early. Adams says there is little research literature on how to teach kindness. Part of the ACE program pairs the child with a dog and an obedience trainer. The trainer helps the child learn methods to teach animals manners and to exert control based on rewards. The child is taught clicker techniques, pet management skills, and how to understand pet behavior and communication. “We know that children do what they see,” says Adams, “and we want to offer alternative models.” The program also utilizes games, activities, perspective exercises, and teaches proper pet care, animal socialization, and accepting pet loss. Youth Programs Jessie Comba, Youth Programs Director, relates that 28,000 youth a year participate in the Virginia Beach SPCA Youth Programs. The majority of outreach is to schools through Humane Education, an emerging field. Their program, Compassion Classroom, is in 45 schools. The curriculum-based program teaches second grade students about animals. Over 3,500 students a month participate. Adams adds, “Our mission is to create a community with increased capacity for compassion and decrease the likelihood of cruelty.”

Another effort is Listening Ears. In this program, children who are struggling with reading can read a book to a dog. Since the dog is accepting of the child, the child is willing to practice reading skills and develops greater self-confidence. A Pet Therapy effort serves homeless shelters in Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Suffolk, and Portsmouth. The therapists also visit the Naval Hospital twice a week to cheer veterans. Adams explains that being able to interact with a pet is calming and reduces stress as well as alleviates isolation. Nursing homes benefit from the service as well as children with Autism and intellectual disabilities. A special program Pets and Pals is held once a month for children of military parents.

Summer camps offer children ages 5 through 12 a chance to learn in depth about animals. Three days a week are spent at the Virginia Beach SPCA and two days are field trips. Eight summer camps accommodate 13 children each. Dunlap describes the Junior Volunteer Program for youth from ages 13 to 18. Each year between 150 and 300 youth participate. They start by helping with cleaning and then progress to animal handling and assisting in off-site events. They help with birthday parties (as a way to raise funds, a parent can arrange for their child to have a birthday party at the SPCA). Persons wanting more information can contact: Sharon Q. Adams: sharonadams980@gmail.com Jessie Comba: (757) 689-1933 or youthprograms@vbspca.com Amanda Pauline Dunlap: volunteer@vbspca.com or (757) 689-1934

ANIMAL-ASSISTED THERAPY There can be powerful connections between humans and animals. Because of the emotional connections between humans and animals, animals can be positive adjuncts in psychological treatments (Arkow, 2011; Risley-Curtiss, Zilney & Hornung, 2010). The history of the utilization of animals as adjuncts to therapy dates to prehistoric times, according to a review by Mallon(1992). In England, the first recorded long-term therapeutic setting using animals was the York Retreat in England in 1792. Founded by Quakers, this setting was one of the early attempts to treat persons with mental illness humanely. In 1867, in Bethel, Germany, animals began to be used to help treat persons with epilepsy. In the U.S. animals were introduced as therapeutic agents in the 1940’s at Pawling Air Force Convalescent Hospital. As veterans convalesced, they were encouraged to work with animals at the Center’s farm. Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) and Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA) have proven useful in diverse populations. These include elderly residents of nursing homes, children with pervasive developmental disorders, children with oppositional disorders, victims of PTSD, child abuse victims, and child witnesses of violence. Animals have been incorporated therapeutically in many settings such as hospitals, residential settings, hospice facilities, psychiatric facilities, law enforcement agencies, and homes as well as therapy settings. Therapy animals have also been incorporated in investigative interviews, court testimony, forensic physical examinations and other court-related procedures (Phillips, 2010). The Therapy Animals Supporting Kids (TASK) Program Manual offers guidelines for incorporating therapy animals in the criminal justice system (see review). VCPN staff was unable to locate any published randomized clinical trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy. A comprehensive review of interventions involving equines (Selby & Smith-Osbourne, 2013) found 103 studies accessed through 16 electronic data bases. The authors found no randomized clinical trials. Only 14 of the studies met criteria to be used in their review. They included observational, quasi-experimental or descriptive pre-post designs and one experimental study. For all studies, the quality of the evidence was rated as “Low.” The authors note that while the review demonstrates some promise and while the practice of AAT is thriving, “participant and staff perceptions sometimes exceed statistical evidence” (p. 428).

In spite of the lack of controlled studies, Animal-Assisted Therapy is thought to have diverse benefits, both physiological and psychological. Studies cite lowered heart rates, lowered blood pressure, improved pain management, and reduced anxiety as benefits. Working with the animals is felt to help increase attachment, help with socialization, alleviate depression, and improve self-esteem. Therapists write about increases in positive behaviors, decreases in negative behaviors, less self-absorption, improved empathy, and improved ability to focus (Martin & Farnum, 2002; Parish-Plass, 2008). Positive effects have also been documented for group counseling that includes dogs (Dietz, Davis & Pennings, 2012) and for group counseling that includes horses (Trotter, Chandler, GoodwinBond & Casey, 2008). Animals can provide a calming and non-threatening atmosphere. Abuse victims are sometimes non-trusting and suspicious. For children who are wary of adults, a therapy animal can be a bridge. The child can notice how the therapist and the animal relate and the nurturance shown to the animal can make the therapist more approachable. Animals are ‘touchable’ and approachable and may allow a child to be more open (Parish-Plass, 2008). The therapist can, with the aid of a companion animal, secure the confidence of a child, and can help the child experience the therapist as accepting (Mallon, 1992). Even children with a history of animal abuse may be candidates for Animal-Assisted Therapy. By learning acceptable methods to relate to and to teach animals, the risk of further animal abuse is felt to be reduced. Some clinicians feel that AAT can lower the risk for intergenerational abuse (Parish-Plass, 2008).

Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) should be differentiated from Animal-Assisted Activities (AAA) and Animal-Assisted Education (AAE). AAT is administered by academically trained and certified professionals while AAA and AAE can be offered by volunteers and lay individuals with training. While AAA and AAE have therapeutic goals, they are not professional counseling. In AAT, each animal has a professionally-trained handler. The animals are not simply pets being used in a therapeutic setting. Rather, animals are evaluated and selected to be therapy animals based on specific criteria (Dietz et al., 2012; Parish-Plass, 2008). AAT is not a “stand-alone” therapy, according to Dietz et al. (2012). Rather, AAT should augment existing therapies. In AAT, the relationships are central to the therapeutic process. There is a relationship between the therapist and the child. The therapist and the animal have a relationship also, that can model important concepts of trust and acceptance. The child and the animal will develop a relationship as well that is mediated by the therapist. The format allows progress on cognitive, social, behavioral and emotional issues. VCPN reports in this issue about Virginia programs using AAT, AAA or AAE. Although the featured programs target different populations, the approaches described may also be suitable for children who have been a victim of maltreatment or who have witnessed animal cruelty and for those who have, themselves, already engaged in animal cruelty. References Available on the Website or by Request

American Humane: Therapy Animals Supporting Kids (TASK) Program Manual Created by: Allie Phillips, J.D., and Diana McQuarrie in cooperation with Delta Society®; 40 pages. American Humane Association 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 360 Washington, DC 20036 Phone: (800) 227-4645 Email: info@americanhumane.org Allie Phillips, J.D. Available from: www.americanhumane.org/assets/pdfs/children/therapy-animals-supporting-kids.pdf The American Humane: Therapy Animals Supporting Kids (TASK) Program Manual addresses animal therapy intervention techniques and attempts to define the bond between animals and children. The manual assesses when a therapy animal can help children and in what situations they are most effective. The authors also describe the preliminary groundwork that must occur before animal therapy interventions can be implemented. They end the manual by discussing various legal issues associated with animal therapy and provide examples of children’s advocacy centers that incorporate animal therapy.

VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE THE CENTER FOR HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTION The Center for Human-Animal Interaction is a non-profit organization dedicated to improved health and well-being through interaction with companion animals. Sandra B. Barker, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Center, spoke with VCPN staff recently and described the Center’s work. The Center has three main areas of emphasis. They offer service programs, educational efforts, and research initiatives. Service–Dr. Barker described some of the many service activities. Dogs on Call operates throughout the VCU Medical Center. “We are just about everywhere except the cafeteria, the surgery suites, obstetrics, or if a patient is on contact precautions,” explains Dr. Barker. The program recruits volunteers who have completed a therapy dog registration. The qualified volunteers are then trained and oriented to the VCU program. “Our 40 active therapy dog teams interact with 7,000 patients and their families a year,” says Dr. Barker. Most of the volunteers are dog owners from the community and some are employees or students. There is even a medical students’ chapter that participates. A part-time staff person coordinates the dog therapy teams in collaboration with Volunteer Services. Dr. Barker shares poignant stories about the power of the Dogs on Call service. She relates how a dog can comfort a child who has just lost a parent. A child may be undergoing painful procedures and be at risk for depression. However, the reaction is “all smiles for the dogs,” in spite of the pain. Dr. Barker says that doctors, nurses, and other staff often request visits for specific patients. Occasionally, the Center helps facilitate visits between a patient and their own pet. A second service program is a Pet Loss Support Group. The Center collaborates with local veterinarians. They provide modest financial support and can refer as many clients as they wish. “Many people don’t have supports in their social lives and the loss of a pet can be devastating,” related Dr. Barker. Paws for Stress is a program offered at midterm and final exam time. This program is coordinated with University Counseling Services and supported by the VCU Student Government Association. The Center takes therapy dogs to the Commons area and to the medical library.

Dr. Barker says that the Center is heavily involved in assisting children who have experienced trauma. They maintain a facility dog at the Virginia Treatment Center for Children, located on VCU’s medical campus. Tess Searles, a nurse-practitioner on the VTCC staff owns the specially trained dog and brings it to work with her. “Dogs can help children regulate and de-escalate,” notes Dr. Barker. Education–The Center educates health professionals about Animal-Assisted Therapy. Dr. Barker offers an elective course for medical students and other health professionals. The Center also offers an unpaid internship. The Center staff participate in a Summer Institute in Psychiatry and Dr. Barker lectures and does presentations locally and globally. Some of the places she has presented are China, Ireland, Spain, Monte Carlo, and the United Kingdom. Research– Dr. Barker notes that the research program predates the Center. Their website contains abstracts of many published articles, authored by Center-affiliated researchers who have investigated the benefits of therapy dogs for hospitalized persons and the physiological effects of interacting with dogs. One study published in 2012 concerned the benefits to employees who brought their pet dogs to work. “The study went ‘viral’ and the research was featured on National Public Radio, the British Broadcasting Corporation, CBS Morning News, and other venues,” said Dr. Barker. A recent research effort explored how to best integrate therapy dogs into treatment for children with Autism. A dog handler and an Autism specialist work together and individualize the treatment for each child. “We observed increased positive spontaneous behavior and sustained interest while the therapy dog was present during instruction,” relates Dr. Barker. Dr. Barker comments that animal-assisted therapy compliments traditional therapy. It reduces fear and stress at a physiological level and has no negative side effects. The Center for Human-Animal Interaction is the only Center of its type in the United States that is located within a medical school. Readers desiring more information can contact Sandra Barker, Ph.D. at (804) 628-8528 or E-mail: sbarker@mcvh-vcu.edu

CENTER FOR ANIMAL HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS (CENTAUR) VA-MD COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Read, a literacy program at the Blacksburg Public Library aimed at encouraging elementary students to participate in reading. The Center operates a Pet Loss Hotline which takes calls nationally and offers support to individuals who have experienced the loss of a pet.

Housed within the College of Veterinary Medicine at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Center for Animal Human Relationships offers animal-assisted activities, pairs with therapists to offer animal-assisted therapy, performs research, and contributes to the education of veterinary and undergraduate students. Bess Pierce, DVM, DABVP, DACVIM, DACVSMR is the Center’s Director. CENTAUR was founded in 2004. Dr. Pierce became the Director in November, 2011. The Center has a growing team of core faculty members and research partners supporting its mission. A very successful program has been Virginia Tech Helping PAWS (Pet Assisted Wellness Service). The PAWS program provides certified teams of a handler and a certified therapy dog or cat. There are 18 certified teams with dogs and one team with a therapy cat. They engage in several outreach programs. “We are, of course, committed to Virginia Tech as a priority,” says Dr. Pierce. Teams go to the main library the fourth Thursday of each month so Virginia Tech students can relate to the dogs. “Students have to leave their pets at home,” remarks Dr. Pierce, “and having a substitute available can reduce stress.” Teams also partner with the Women’s Center and the Cook Counseling Center. “Students will actually ask to schedule their therapy session during a time that the therapy dogs will be at the Counseling Center,” remarks Dr. Pierce. The therapy dog teams can also be used during a crisis, such as visiting a dormitory during a de-briefing session with counselors after a student’s suicide. There is also outreach to the community. Therapy dog teams visit Heritage Hall, a nursing home and participate in PAWS to

Bess Pierce, DVM

Dr. Pierce explained that the research focus concerns the well-being of the animals. They are tackling the question of how long a therapy animal should work in a therapy setting. They are measuring cortisol levels in the dog’s saliva as the dog works in the therapy setting. They also have software that

can analyze the animal’s nonverbal cues. “We choose dogs for their excellent temperament,” explains Dr. Pierce, “but even for the best animals, the work environment can be stressful. They deal with people who may show high levels of emotional arousal or are taken into crowds and they are expected to tolerate petting and handling by strangers. Therapy dogs are tired at the end of the day.” Due to fatigue factors, PAWS teams are limited to hour-long sessions or visits. The therapy dog teams serve at least twice during the semester and two student administrators coordinate the schedule of requests with the team availability. Dog teams routinely attend “welcome” events for new students and educational fairs both on campus and off campus. The Center has started sponsoring a one-day symposium every other year where nationally-recognized speakers offer workshops about the humananimal bond and the interface between humans, animals, and the environment. The symposium is offered for a fee and is part of Virginia Tech’s Continuing Education Programs. About 100 professionals and lay individuals attended the first symposium. For more information about future Symposiums and about CENTAUR, visit the website at: www.vetmed.vt.edu/centaur or contact Bess J. Pierce at (540) 231-4621 E-mail: centaur@vt.edu

Spotlight on Child Advocacy Centers

King’s Daughters Child Advocacy Center The Child Abuse Program at the Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters is a Child Advocacy Center with a full complement of services. They have a forensic medical clinic and offer forensic interviews, case management services, medical services, consultation to investigators, inpatient consultative services, mental health services and pediatric forensic nurse examinations. Readers who are interested in a general description of Virginia’s Child Advocacy Centers can refer to VCPN, volume 88. While the Child Abuse Program dates to December, 1998, the Facility Dog Program began in 2011. Michelle Thames, M. Ed., Forensic Interview Supervisor, spoke recently to VCPN staff about the Facility Dog Program. Thames related that the hospital, like many across the country, has a pet-assisted program. Dogs are available in waiting rooms to help children cope with anxiety. She noted that considerable research has demonstrated that visits with dogs can lower blood pressure and pulse rates. Thames noticed that children often wanted the dog to accompany them to their medical appointment. This observation caused her to contact Canine Companions for Independence. This organization trains service dogs for individuals and facilities. Their training takes two years and the facility handlers must undergo two weeks of training. The dogs and handlers are recertified each year. (See the VCPN website for more information about Canine Companions for Independence.) Through Canine Companions for Independence, the Child Advocacy Center acquired Pecos. Pecos works an 8-hour day and is available to the approximately 1,000 children who are seen at the Child Advocacy Center each year. Pecos helps specifically in four areas: forensic interviews; therapy sessions; medical evaluations; and accompanying children to court. Thames comments, “I believe that children coming here may not know what to expect and they typically are here because of a trauma. Pecos is a lowkey, big, friendly Labrador/Golden retriever mix. He changes how children perceive the process.” Thames notes that evaluators must be neutral. They are not allowed to reassure children, hug the child, or tell the child that everything will be fine. Pecos, however, can distribute comfort. Children rub his soft,

furry ears. They can hold his paw or lay their head on him. “Pecos helps children feel safe.” Thames says that parents even appear more comfortable with a dog present. “Staff morale is better,” adds Thames. “A law enforcement officer or a social worker can take a break and take Pecos for a walk or throw a ball to him. He is never wanting for attention!” Thames sums her experience with the Facility Dog Program, “This is a wonderful program!” For facilities and other Child Advocacy Centers interested in starting a facility dog program, Thames has some advice. She suggests doing research on established programs. She thinks that all of the multidisciplinary team members need to be in favor of using the dogs. For example, a dog cannot accompany a child to court unless all parties are in agreement. Also, the facility dog’s needs must be a priority. Pecos has toys, food, walks, a bed for resting, and breaks. Readers interested in further information can contact Michele Thames at (757) 668-6100 or by E-mail: Michele.Thames@chkd.org

NoMad at work

Bristol Child Advocacy Center The Child Advocacy Center in Bristol, Virginia served over 170 new cases of child abuse last year. Donna Callis, LCSW, relates that they acquired a facility dog, NoMad, in May, 2014. Like the King’s Daughters CAC, Bristol obtained their dog from Canine Companions for Independence (CCI). The impetus to have a facility dog came both at the request of a local juvenile judge who had been to a national conference and attended a presentation about the use of dogs in Child Advocacy Centers and almost two years of research by CAC staff regarding the efficacy of this victim support model. Callis was accepted by CCI to attend the two-week handler training and have NoMad live with her. She comments on NoMad’s training. “There is $50,000 to $60,000 invested in training a dog for this work,” she states. “Dogs are trained starting from birth.” She notes that the CAC had to demonstrate a significant commitment to using a facility dog in a way that is consistent with CCI’s regulations for safety and health of both the clients and the dog. NoMad lives with Callis. He works an 8-hour day with some breaks. Callis remarks, “About 90% of the children request that NoMad be with them during forensic interviews. He helps them regulate and gives the children confidence.” NoMad also helps therapists build rapport with the children. Callis recalls a situation where a child was barricading herself in a waiting room play house and would not come out for her forensic interview. She was able to compose herself and talk with interviewers after NoMad entered the room. NoMad has accompanied children to court during sentencing hearings when the child is able to give their victim impact statement regarding their abuse. Bristol CAC is very pleased with NoMad. “The response to him is just wonderful,” exclaims Callis. “Everyone wants to be with NoMad. He is even a support and comfort to the staff and clinicians report that it is helpful and relaxing to be able to play with him.” Readers wanting more information can contact Donna Callis at (276) 645-5867 or by E-mail at: dcallis@cacbwcv.org

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Children Witnessing Animal Fights All 50 states now have laws prohibiting dog fighting (Gibson, 2005). Further, the Federal Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act of 2005 prohibits the interstate transportation of dogs for fighting purposes or use of the U.S. mail to transport dogs for fighting purposes. In Virginia, it is a Class 1 misdemeanor to promote, prepare for, engage in, or be employed in the fighting of animals for amusement, sport, or gain. The offense becomes a class 6 felony if: a dog is one of the animals; when any devise or substance is used to enhance the animal’s ability to fight; when money or items of value are wagered on the result of fighting; if money or anything of value is paid or received for admission to a place of animal fighting; and if an animal is possessed, owned, trained, transported, or sold with the intent that the animal engage in an exhibition of fighting with another animal. If an adult permits or causes a minor to attend an exhibition of fighting animals, it is a Class 6 felony (VA Statue 3.2-6571). This legislation recognizes the serious negative effects not only to the animals but also to youth who witness the crime.

VCPN is copyrighted but may be reproduced or reprinted with permission. Write for “Request to Reprint” forms. Request or inquiry is addressed to: Joann Grayson, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, MSC 7704, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, or call (540) 568-6482. E-Mail: graysojh@jmu.edu

See the Website for more Articles! • Reference List • Book and Resource Reviews • Animal Hoarding • Children Who Are Cruel to Animals • Breaking Free: The Saddle Doctor • Summit Therapy Services • Assessment Instruments

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• Pet Food Banks • Humane Education • And More!!

If you are in an abusive situation and have pets, please read this to keep you and your pets safe Did you know that up to 48% of abused women will not leave an abusive situation out of fear of leaving their pet behind? Abusers know that targeting your pet for abuse will keep you silent, compliant and in their control. Before leaving an abusive situation, make sure you have made these arrangements for your pet(s). k k

Ask friends, family or co-workers if they can care for your pet(s) while you seek safety at a shelter. Contact your local family violence shelter and ask if they will accept you and your pet(s). Visit www.animalsandfamilies.org for a listing of shelters in your state that can help. Ask the family violence shelter if they have a pet foster care program or can refer you to a safe pet boarding facility. For a listing of places that may be able to help board your plet, visit www.ahimsahouse.org/directory. Before leaving, create a pet bag that includes veterinary records (especially recent vaccination history), microchip information, collars, leashes, identification tags, medication, pet food, and a favorite blanket and toy. For cats, put the pet bag into a cat carrier so that the cat carrier is ready to go when needed. And try to place the pet bag in a safe location, such as with a friend or family member, or secure outdoor location. Have photos of your pets and any instructions on feeding or caring for your pets.

k To prove ownership of the pet, it is important to

have veterinary records, adoption receipts, etc., in your name. If you do not have those records, try to have your pets examined by a veterinarian before leaving so that any records are in your name. Once you leave the home, consider changing veterinarians so that you and your pet cannot be tracked to the prior veterinary clinic. k If seeking a protective order, be sure to ask that pets are included in the order. Many states have specific laws that allow the inclusion of pets, but a judge can add a pet to the order upon request and showing cause.

If you can safely leave the abusive situation with your pet(s), please do so. Information provided by Allie Phillips, Founder of Sheltering Animals & Families Together (SAF-T). www.animalsandfamilies.org

South Carolina ranks #2 in the nation for number of women murdered by men.

71% of pet owning women entering women’s shelters report that their abuser threatened, injured, maimed, or killed family pets.

National Domestic Violence Help Line - National Dating Abuse Hotline - New Directions’ Life Line Safe House - New Directions’ Website

800.799.7233

866.331.9474

843.232.7055

www.myndhc.org

By Leslie Wilfong Most people don’t realize, on average, it takes seven to eleven acts of violence for a victim to finally break away from their abuser. An act of violence may take form in verbal or physical abuse to the individual, abuse of a family member, or abuse of a pet. When victims are ready to break the cycle of abuse, they struggle with leaving their belongings, home, and pets. Imagine the difficulty of leaving and not knowing what will happen to you, your belongings, or other family members. A barrier to breaking the cycle of abuse for some victims is the threat of harm to family pets they may leave behind. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 71% of pet owning women entering women’s shelters reported that their abuser had threatened, injured, maimed or killed their family pet. In fact, 57% of domestic violence victims daily seeking help, fear if they do, their pet will be harmed (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence). These statistics are staggering, but many women are able to find safehavens for themselves, their children, and their pets through the help of friends, animal shelters, and domestic violence shelters. South Carolina is number two in the nation for the number of women murdered by men and Horry County is number one in the state (Violence Policy Center). Life Line Domestic Violence shelter, operated by New Directions of Horry County Inc., is the only domestic violence shelter in Horry County. Life Line opened in April 2013 and provides emergency shelter for victims and their children. The shelter has the capacity to house twenty-four individuals and provide them with healing and recovery. In 2014, Life Line Domestic Violence shelter provided case management, life coaching, court advocacy, and support for 144 victims and children. Fifty-eight (40%) of those served experienced a positive outcome, in which Life Line was able to help the victims find housing or return home to be with family. Karly Buckley, Life Line’s case manager, says she knows how challenging it is for victims to reach out for help. “Leaving behind everything is incredibly difficult, especially when pets are involved. For many victims, they are part of the family… If a victim expressed concern over a pet, my first step would be to contact animal shelters that might be able to help,” Buckley expresses. A victim staying at the shelter conveyed her experience leaving behind her pet saying, “Snowflake was my support system…it was so hard for me to leave her, but we were able to find a temporary home for her with church friends. She will be able to rejoin us when we leave Life Line for our new home.” Life Line’s staff provides an immediate response to the emotional and physical needs of victims, helps them stabilize their lives, and assists victims in understanding and participating in the criminal justice system. The same victim described her experience at Life Line, “Overall, it [Life Line] has had a very positive outcome on myself, especially my kids…I’ve met new female friends and single moms. Being here, I look back and my past seems like an out of body experience. Now I have emotional support. It’s going to be a long recovery process, but I’m letting that old life go. I have a new focus: my kids.”

Abusers choose to abuse. Whether the abuser is threatening or harming a significant other, child, or pet there is help available. Life Line Domestic Violence Shelter of New Directions of Horry County provides an immediate response through its 24-hour hotline. If you or someone you know is in need, please call or go to our website.

New Directions of Horry County 732 8th Avenue North Myrtle Beach, SC 29577 843.945.4902 www.myndhc.org 24 Hour Crisis Line 843.232.7055

Life Line Domestic Violence Shelter Domestic Violence: A pattern of behavior in partner relationships that incorporates a range of coercive tactics which serve to establish coercive control of one partner over the other. In 1968, the first Domestic Violence shelter was established. Since that time, every day in the United States 4 women die as a result of abuse. South Carolina ranks #1 in the nation for numbers of women killed by men (2013). According to SLED, about 35,000 reports of domestic violence are made by law enforcement each year. In 1/3 of homes where women are beaten by their partners, children are being sexually assaulted by that partner. If you or someone you know is a victim of domestic violence, New Directions of Horry County, Inc. is here to help. Life Line, domestic violence shelter can be reached by calling 1-843-232-7055. If you are not in the Myrtle Beach area and need help, PLEASE CALL the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233). Providing support through crisis intervention, Life Line staff works with local law enforcement, The Family Justice Center, the 15th Circuit Court system, and attorneys to promote quality services and healthy lives. Facilitating healing and recovery, the Life Line staff provides an immediate response to the emotional and physical needs of victims, assists primary and secondary victims stabilize their lives, and assists victims in understanding

and participating in the criminal justice system. Staff works with clients to obtain legal support, housing, financial resources, medical care, and transportation through referral services, advocacy, case management and access to community-based programs. All staff of NDHC and Life Line follow state and federal confidentiality policies, procedures and protocols ensuring compliance with laws. For further information, please contact their offices 843-945-4902. GIVE GENEROUSLY All donations, including financial and/or inkind, are tax deductible. All donations support the homeless, those that are at-risk of becoming homeless, and victims of domestic violence in Horry County. There are so many ways to give: Send coupons for shopping Volunteer your time Donate your BOGO (Buy one Get One Free) items (one for you and one for NDHC) Drop off cleaning products Monthly donation of $10 Send your unused gift cards Donate land, cars, buildings, and stock Invite your friends for a "Painting Party" at a local shelter Ask your employer about a "matching" program Have a small fundraiser in your community Plant flowers Donate sheets, blankets, bed spreads, and towels

New Directions of Horry County, Inc. is a faith based 501(c)3 established in March 2013 to provide services necessary to move people out of poverty and homelessness. Through central case management, NDHC helps our clients regain their financial footing, self-worth, and confidence to move toward independent living. NDHC operates three local shelters: Street Reach for single men and women; The Center for Women and Children, for single women and their children; and Life Line, Horry County's only domestic violence shelter. New Directions exceeds the basic provisions of food and shelter by providing recovery classes, job readiness classes, permanent housing

assistance, and long-term case management. We work closely with other organizations in the area to match our clients' needs and provide resources to help them get back on their feet and become self-sufficient. Our three shelters provide housing for around one-hundred ninetyfour clients. Clients stay in our shelters from thirty days up to two years. During their stay, clients are provided with three healthy meals a day, laundry services, job readiness training, a safe living environment, and case management. In return, each client is required to provide eight hours each week in service to the shelter in the form of learning/helping to cook, cleaning or laundry services, and front desk support.

KIND CARE ANIMAL HOSPITAL

We provide the highest quality veterinary treatment and care for your pets - WE LOVE ANIMALS AS MUCH AS YOU DO!

Book your appointment today! 843.399.5803 3357 Hwy 9E, Little River, SC 29566 kindcareanimalhospital.com

ind Care Animal Hospital is a full-service veterinary hospital that offers specialty and generalized pet care. They offer a wide variety of diagnostic services, x-ray examinations, surgical procedures, vaccinations, acupuncture and routine check ups. Kind Care Animal Hospital prides themselves on working closely with you and your pet to offer the best professional medical care available. They are a high-quality veterinary clinic where you and your pet both love to visit. Dedicated not only treating your pet, but also to implementing preventative care to keep them healthy and happy. Their experienced and qualified team provides services that aid in making pets thrive. Through continuing education they stay up to date with the most recent developments within the veterinarian field, and are devoted to exercising compassion in all interactions. Not only do they provide quality care to your pets, they also support you as the caretaker.

veterinarian animal care specializing in Rabies Vaccine, Spay and Neuter, Dog Pregnancy, Cat Pregnancy, Teeth Cleaning, Vaccinations, Veterinary Surgery, X-ray Examinations, Acupuncture and Routine Check-Ups. Proudly Serving: Little River, Myrtle Beach, North Myrtle Beach, Calabash, Conway, Longs and the surrounding area. LOCATION 3357 Hwy 9 E Little River, SC 29566 (843) 399-5803 Hours of operation: M-Th 8:00 am - 7:00 pm F 8:00 am - 6:00 pm Sat 9:00 am - 1:00 pm After Hours Emergencies: Animal Emergency Hospital of the Strand (843) 445-9797 Wilmington Emergency & Trauma Center (910) 791-7387

Kind Care Animal Hospital provides the best

Kind Care Animal Hospital was established in June 1996 by Dr. Robin U. Livingston. We currently have four full time veterinarians and two part time veterinarians, along with a great front desk and technical staff. Pet Foods and Supplies: Our hospital carries a selection of the following: -Premium diets-Hills Science and Prescription Diets, Pro Plan, and Royal Canin -A wide variety of heartworm preventatives and flea control products -Select grooming tools and products -Vitamins and nutritional supplements -Dental care products Boarding: We have a small boarding facility staffed

by attentive kennel technicians. You may receive the best care and TLC while at the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Kind Care Inn.â&#x20AC;? Grooming: Professional grooming is provided by Kind Care Pet Grooming by appointment only. Kind Care Animal Hospital is a full service animal hospital that truly stands by its name. Kind Care Animal Hospital was establishedWe have four full time veterinarians and two part time veterinarians, along with a great front desk and technical staff.

MEET KIN D CARE ANIMAL HOSPITAL

including our in-house pharmacy - delivering the ultimate in care and convenience. We are happy to answer any questions you may have about our veterinarian services or your animal's health care needs. We love animals as much as you do and we look forward to working with you and your pets. We know a healthy pet is a happy pet!"

Providing the highest quality veterinary , treatment and care for your pets. You can be confident knowing your pet is in good hands because of their advanced training, expertise and cutting-edge technology. "Our veterinary clinic prides itself on delivering state-of-the-art services, while providing compassionate care for all the animals we work with. You and your pet will receive the attention you deserve with our unique, collaborative care approach. We also offer supportive veterinary services on site,

Health Certificates for Travel Kind Care Animal Hospital is proud to have veterinarians who are certified to complete needed documentation and certificates for your pet's travel, both interstate and internationally. We are here to help answer basic questions for you, primarily by directing you to the right sources of information. Interstate (within the continental U.S. (not including Alaska or Hawaii)) is fairly basic requiring a health certificate completed by a certified veterinarian within 10 days of travel. Airlines may have different requirements, so it is best to check with them to ensure that all

documentation needs are met prior to ending up with an unpleasant surprise at the airport on the day of travel. International certification is different and each case is unique depending upon the country to which you are traveling or your pet is being shipped. For more information on International certification please contact one of our office managers.

Services Provided We are dedicated to treating your pet as if it were one of our own. We ensure that our wide range of services provide your pet with the highest quality care available. Yearly Physical Examination & Pet Vaccinations: We recommend annual physical exams for your pet to ensure that your pet is receiving the best medical attention and is on schedule for appropriate pet vaccinations to maintain optimal health. Microchipping: The placement of a small identification chip under the skin has become popular since many pets were lost following Hurricane Katrina. Our state makes it mandatory for animals to be scanned in our shelters and subsequently returned to their owners. Most veterinary hospitals routinely scan found pets. Implanting the chip is a simple procedure. Any one of our staff members will be glad to answer any questions.

and dental exams, cleaning, polishing, and extractions. Periodontal disease can lead to bad breath, difficulty chewing, and even heart and other health problems. Feel free to call us at any time to set up an appointment. Diagnostic and Lab Procedures: We provide both in-house and outside laboratory services, and usually provide results within 24 hours. Emergency Care: We offer emergency services during normal working hours. If your pet is in need of emergency care after hours, please call one of the following emergency clinics...Animal Emergency Hospital of the Strand at (843)445-9797 or Animal Emergency and Trauma Hospital of Wilmington at (910)791-7387.

Pet Surgery Services: We offer a wide range of surgical procedures, using some of the safest anesthetic and sedation options available. For added safety, any pet undergoing surgery is monitored with pulse oximetry and/or ECG. Our Dentistry: experienced staff will Good oral health for your closely monitor your pet pet can result in a longer during surgery and the and happier life! During recovery phase. our yearly physical Perioperative pain control examination, we will is given to all animals examine your petâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mouth undergoing surgery and is for any dental issues. At included in the cost. Pets our animal hospital we having routine procedures offer a myriad of dental performed will usually go services, including: oral home the same day.

Laser therapy We now have a Companion Therapy Laser. Laser therapy is a surgery free, drug free noninvasive treatment to reduce pain, reduce inflammation and speed healing. Hospitalization: While your pet is in our animal hospital, we treat your pet as we would our own. Our trained staff will communicate directly with you about your pet's progress. Pharmacy: We carry a full line of medications for your pet including vitamin and mineral supplements, shampoos, flea and tick control. Additionally, we offer prescription medications and heartworm preventatives. Payment Cash, check, Mastercard, Visa, Discover and CareCredit are accepted for payment. Cancellation Policy Please give a 24 hour notice if you are unable to keep your appointment to avoid being subject to a cancellation fee. Contact

Questions? Please call (843) 399-5803.

Q & A with Kindpain after surgery. Care Animal Hospital

need a professional cleaning every six to twelve months. However, by brushing your pet’s teeth at home, you can minimize how often your pet will need its teeth professionally cleaned.

How should I prepare for my pet's annual appointment? An annual exam is a standard procedure that we conduct but it is up to you to keep watch and make notes about your pet’s health and behavior. Our comprehensive full body examination of your pet will help ensure optimal health. Please come to us with anything that you notice or any questions that you may have.

How long do the sutures stay in after my pet's surgery? Procedures involving sutures require them to be removed about 14 days following the surgery.

Can my pet catch a cold or flu?

What is the process for having my pet spayed or neutered? Spaying or neutering can be done at approximately six months of age. Your pet is given an exam prior to surgery to help determine if they are healthy enough to undergo the surgical procedure. Current vaccinations are required at the time of surgery. Also a preanesthetic blood screen is recommended prior to undergoing anesthesia and surgery. We work with you and your pet to help manage any

Your pet can't catch a cold or the flu from you. That does not mean your pet can’t have an upper respiratory infection or intestinal disruptions. Coughing, sneezing, vomiting and or diarrhea can all be debilitating for your pet and we recommending setting up How often does my pet an appointment with our need to have their teeth animal hospital if your pet is cleaned? Is there anything suffering from any of these I should be doing at home? symptoms. We will examine your pet's teeth during their annual exam to determine the best schedule for your pet. Just like people, individual pets develop tartar and oral disease at different rates. Many large dogs can go for one to three years without a cleaning at your animal clinic. However, most smaller breeds

How often do you recommend performing blood work on my pets?

In addition to having an annual physical exam for your pet, we also recommend yearly heartworm and intestinal parasite checks. As your pet ages, we may recommend additional blood tests to check liver, kidneys, and other organs. It is very easy to perform these blood tests in the same visit.

We set aside certain times during the day for emergency vet visits. Please call our office and speak with one of our staff to set up an appointment.

can be confident knowing your pet is in good hands as we work closely with you to provide the best professional medical attention available.

How do I choose a Veterinarian?

If you're visiting our vet clinic for the first time, please complete the following form and bring it to your initial appointment.

How can I make payments? Payment is required at the time of service and we gladly accept cash, checks and Visa, Mastercard, Discover, and CareCredit.

What is your cancellation policy? We require a 24 hours notice to cancel all appointments. Please be sure to contact us if you will not be able to make your scheduled appointment in order to avoid being charged for the visit.

Do you allow urgent or same day appointments?

When you are looking for a veterinarian, make sure you choose a animal doctor that makes you and your pet feel comfortable and safe, and is someone that you can trust. It is important that you also find a supportive, calm and caring environment that both you and your pet are comfortable with. Also, choosing a animal clinic that has additional inhouse services can make your pet health care more convenient for you over time. As you look around for the best veterinarian service, we want to exceed your expectations regarding high quality service to you and your pet. We are committed to consistently offering you quality pet health care combined with compassion and respect for animals. You

Pet Intake Form Pet Drop Off Form Surgical Information Form Boarding Form FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK! CLICK HERE

MEET THE VETERINARIANS OF THE GRAND STRAN Dr Robin U. Livingston

Dr Livingston is a graduate of the University of Georgia Veterinary School and also did her undergraduate work there. She is a native of the D.C. area, but has resided in the North Myrtle Beach area since her high school days. She opened Kind Care Animal Hospital in June of 1996. Dr Livingston and her husband have 3 children.

Dr Kimberlee Stengel Dr Stengel, a Myrtle Beach native, did her undergraduate work at Clemson University and received her DVM from Tuskegee University School of Veterinary Medicine in 1997. She joined the Kind Care family in 1999. She has completed the IVAS course in veterinary acupuncture. Dr Stengel enjoys spending time with her husband, 2 children and Doppler, her cat.

ND AREA

Dr Mindy Newman

Dr Newman joined the practice in 2002. She is originally from Charlotte, NC and received her undergraduate degree from UNCChapel Hill. After graduating from Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, Dr Newman practiced in Massachusetts for twelve years. She is also certified in veterinary acupuncture. She and her husband are the proud parents of 2 large dogs and 3 cats.

MEET THE VETERINARIANS OF THE GRAND STR Dr Alison Carroll Dr Carroll, a graduate of Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, joined Kind Care in 2005. She is a native of Dallas, Texas, but has local ties in Horry County as well. She and her husband have a son, and also share their home with 3 great dogs.

RAND AREA

Dr Stephanie Welch Dr Welch grew up in a small town near Huntsville, Alabama. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of West Alabama in 2004, and received her DVM from Auburn University in 2010. She joined Kind Care Animal Hospital in 2012. Dr Welch has a passion for veterinary mission trips and, so far, has been to Honduras and Haiti, with plans to return. She shares her home with 3 dogs and 2 cats.

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September 11-14 Hilton Myrtle Beach at Kingston Plantation

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petsit.com/MB to learn more and reserve your spot.

When it’s time for you to hit the road, should Fido stay at home or will he be in tow? By Beth Stultz With the spring and summer seasons quickly approaching, your calendar is likely filling up with road trips, social events and travel plans to visit family and friends. Amidst the hustle and bustle of these warmer seasons, it is important for pet owners to make appropriate arrangements for their pets—whether they plan to have their pets in tow or leave them behind with a trusted petcare provider. Should Fido stay or go? The U.S. Travel Association reports that nearly half of U.S. adult leisure travelers view their pets as parts of their families and 18 percent usually take their pet with them when they travel. Pets can make excellent traveling companions year round, but before making the decision to include your dog (or other pets) in upcoming travel plans, you should consider his temperament, needs and history. For instance, does your dog suffer from motion sickness or is he a breed prone to respiratory issues that may be impacted by travel? Does stranger anxiety or excitability make him a lessthan-ideal candidate for travel? If you decide to take Fido along and will be using public transportation, plan ahead! Remember, most buses, trains and cruise ships do not typically allow pets. Many airlines allow pets to be checked in as cargo, but you will want to check with your veterinarian before considering this option for your pet. In fact, the ASPCA recommends pet owners fly with their pets only if they are small enough to bring into the cabin and fit under the seat. If you’ll be driving to your destination, the most important safety precaution you can take while traveling in a motor vehicle is to restrain your pets. It is also important that pets do not to sit in the front seat or on a passenger’s lap. Jenny Pavlovic, author of The Not Without My Dog Resource and Record Book, warns pet owners that a pet can get crushed by an air bag or a passenger during an accident or sudden stop if sitting in the front seat or on a lap. Whatever mode of travel you choose, your pet should have on proper identification at all times, including a collar and ID tag that provides your contact information. Be sure to use a harness or collar that your pet cannot slip out of. Inside your pet’s travel kennel is a good place to store your contact information, including your cell phone number and an emergency contact should something happen to you during travel. The comforts of home… If you don’t think your pet is ready to be your co-pilot, consider leaving him in the comforts of your home and use the services of a professional pet sitter. A pet sitter can visit your home to care for your pet while you are out of town or even when work or local events keep you away from home for more than a few hours. In-home pet care can keep your pet comfortable and reduce stress by keeping his diet and exercise routines uninterrupted and preventing travel trauma. Hiring a professional pet sitter also means you will not have to rely on friends, family or neighbors who are likely already very busy. To find local, reliable professional pet-sitting services, use the Official Pet Sitter Locator™, a free search tool offered at petsit.com/locate. Also consider asking fellow pet owners and your veterinarian for recommendations.

As with any service provider, it is essential to review a prospective pet sitterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s credentials. When choosing a pet sitter, be sure to schedule a preliminary consultation to allow you and your pet an opportunity to meet and interact with the potential pet sitter face to face. As a pet owner, you should ask a range of questions to determine if the pet sitter has experience caring for your type of pet. Any pet sitter you select should have the appropriate, required business licenses, be insured and bonded, provide proof of a clean criminal history, offer references and use a pet-sitting service contract. It is also important to inquire about any special training, such as the Certificate in Professional Pet Sitting offered through Pet Sitters International (PSI). Professional affiliations the pet sitter maintains, such as participation in PSI or with the Better Business Bureau or Chamber of Commerce, can also help gauge the sitter's level of professionalism and pet-care knowledge. Ask for, and check, references of current clients. Your upcoming travel plans may mean a busy, exciting and stressful time for you and your pets; but, with a little research and advanced planning, you can ensure that your best friend is safe and content whether he travels with you or stays at home.

Q & A with Pet Sitters International Marketing Information for interview on becoming a pet sitter: and Communications Manager, Beth Stultz Q. Is now a good time to enter the professional pet-sitting industry? A. Yes! In its 2013-2014 National Pet Owners Survey, the American Pet Products Association (APPA) reports that pet ownership is at an all-time high. With 68 percent of U.S. households owning a pet (82.5 million homes), the need for professional pet sitters and dog walkers is also at an all-time high! What’s more, according to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, employment of animal care and service workers is projected to grow 15 percent from 2012 to 2022, faster than the average for all occupations. Q. If someone is interested in pet sitting, what is the first step you encourage them to take? A. It’s so important for new pet sitters to have a support system from the very beginning! One of the great things about Pet Sitters International (PSI) is that its members (nearly 7,000 pet-sitting business owners) are so willing to share their experiences. PSI hosts a private Facebook group, has local pet-sitter networks and hosts an annual conference to give our members avenues to connect and learn from one another. I hear from new pet sitters every day who say that they were able to avoid some type of major mistake because of the advice they received from a fellow pet sitter. Education is also important. Programs like PSI’s Certificate in Professional Pet Sitting can help prepare new pet sitters for both the pet-care and business aspects of owning and operating a pet-sitting company. Q. What other steps should new pet sitters take? A. A couple of the first basic steps a new pet sitter should take include selecting a business name and choosing a business structure. When choosing a business name, it can be tricky because you have to make sure that the name you’ve selected is not already taken and trademarked. You can check at the local level and also check with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to ensure the name you’ve selected can be used. New pet sitters also need to choose a business structure and there are multiple options ranging from sole proprietor to corporation. While this is a decision that pet sitters can

make on their own, professionals (such as attorneys and tax consultants) are truly the experts and can explain the pros and cons of each option. Q. Once the name and business structure has been selected, is a pet sitter ready to start pet sitting? A. Not quite yet! A pet sitter should never accept a pet-sitting assignment and go into a client’s home without being protected—pet-sitting insurance is a must! Pet-sitter insurance protects your business and the client should anything happen to their pet or home while in your care. PSI members have access to group-rate pet-sitter insurance through Business Insurers of the Carolinas. Bonding is also important for professional pet sitters and most pet owners will not use a pet-sitting business that is not both insured and bonded. It’s also important for pet sitters to use a pet-sitting contract (service agreement) that outlines the services they agree to provide and important information about the client’s pets and home.

Q. What other advice would you offer would-be pet sitters? A. Pet sitting is such a fulfilling career. Not only do you get to work with pets all day, but you can also have flexibility and are in control of your own business. This doesn’t mean that it’s always an easy job, however! It’s important to remember that it can take time to build up your clientele—it’s important to always be promoting your business! It’s also important to remember that this is also a business, so you will have to handle scheduling, taxes, etc.—in addition to working with the pets. Pet sitting presents unique challenges also—pet sitters often have to work when others are off (pet sitting is in high demand during summer vacation times and holidays) and pet sitters also have to be prepared to handle pet loss when clients’ pets pass away. This is why having a strong support network of other pet sitters is so important!

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Choosing a Business Structure for your Pet-Sitting Service Do you want to build and grow a large pet-sitting business or own a sole-proprietor business? Not sure yet? That’s okay. There are a few options when legally structuring your business, including: • Sole proprietorship • Limited partnership • Corporation (C corporation and S corporation) • Limited liability company (LLC) While this step is something you can do on your own, professionals (attorneys, tax consultants, accountants) know the ins and outs of each option and can help you best determine the structure that will work best for you and your business. The U.S. Small Business Administration also offers detailed information about the different business structures. If you are a PSI member, you can also connect with PSI on social media to learn how other PSI pet sitters selected the appropriate business structure for their pet-sitting services.

Let’s keep in touch! We’d love to talk with you more and welcome you to the PSI family! Contact PSI Member Services at info@petsit.com or by phone at (336) 983-9222, option 1. Established in 1994 by Patti J. Moran, Pet Sitters International (PSI) is the world’s largest educational association for professional pet sitters, representing more than 7,000 independent professional pet-sitting businesses in the United States, Canada and abroad. PSI provides members with access to affordable bonding and liability insurance and educational resources including a comprehensive Certification Program, Pet Sitter’s WORLD magazine, The Scoop e-news and PSI’s annual Pet Sitter World Educational Conference & Expo. For more information, visit www.petsit.com, home of the Official Pet Sitter Locator™. You can also follow us and join the conversation online:

“I strongly recommend that you at least consult with an attorney regarding these business matters and decisions. Usually the charge is small for such a consultation, and the discussion will help you make informed decisions about your business.” Patti J. Moran, PSI President

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Obtaining a Business License for your Pet-Sitting Service “[Once you’ve decided on a business name and logo], your next step will be to check with your city and county offices to determine if a license to do business is required. Most communities issue these licenses for a small fee and little paperwork; some require that the license be visibly displayed in your place of business. Remember that if you’ll be operating a home-based pet-sitting service, you may need a home occupation permit before a city/county business license will be issued to you. As an upstanding citizen running a legitimate business, you’ll need to obtain the proper business license(s) for your pet-sitting service. If you’re unsure where to find out what is necessary in the way of licenses, check your local print or online telephone directory under “Government” or “City/County” headings for the appropriate offices. Please understand that a city/county business license is simply a taxgenerated permit authorizing you to do business in your area. It in no way indicates your knowledge or abilities as a professional pet sitter. However, through the years there has been a trend by some pet sitters to list this business license as a credential on their business cards and company literature. This has become a pet peeve of mine—I think it is misleading to the public. Usually when we see the term “licensed,” we think of a state exam or course of study being required in order to obtain the license. Because, as of this writing, there is no regulatory licensing required of professional pet sitters, using the term is misleading.” -excerpted from Pet Sitting for Profit, Patti J. Moran. For U.S. members, the U.S. Small Business Administration offers valuable information online at sba.gov and business owners can quickly search for licensing requirements by state.

“Please understand that a city/ county business license is simply a tax-generated permit authorizing you to do business in your area.” Patti J. Moran, PSI President

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Selecting Your Pet-Sitting Service Area Be sure to give adequate thought to your geographic service area prior to accepting pet-sitting assignments. Will you offer pet-sitting services throughout your entire city…county…or select neighborhoods? Will you service specific zip codes or cities? Or, will you limit your service area to a specific mile-radius from your home? The area you select to service will determine your potential client base, your overhead costs and ultimately, your revenue potential. Keep in mind that your service area will determine: • your yearly mileage, • wear and tear on your vehicle, • gas costs, and • scheduling and travel time between visits. While driving a longer distance for a client may not be difficult when you are first starting out, longer travel times can disrupt your schedule once your clientele and pet-sitting assignments increase.

Here’s what other PSI pet sitters had to say… PSI asked members on LinkedIn and Facebook: “PSI pet sitters, what advice would you give to new pet sitters about selecting their service area? Did you stick to specific neighborhoods, a certain mile radius from your home, etc.?”

Fran P. • Yes, distance and traffic are going to be the limiting factors. In the beginning, I took customers farther away. I think it is best to aim for about a five mile radius. I have higher rates for over five miles and over eight miles. If an assignment is farther than 10 miles, I usually don’t take. Kim W. • When this question was posed, I was curious enough to run a Revenue by Zip Code report, and 95% of our sits are within 5 miles. 5% are 5 - 10 miles out. I think it’s more efficient and easier to ensure coverage with a smaller radius. I have a very small radius - maybe 6 - 7 miles. I live in a high-traffic area and a 15 mile radius would take 45 minutes, easily. Better to start small and grow when you’re ready. Kelly H. • I started out going up to 15 miles but sometimes I am too spread out during busy seasons. I decided to only do overnights in the areas farthest away so I can make it my last stop of the day. I don’t do lunch visits unless it is very local because I also have a part-time office job. Liz D. • I used to live in a small town, and I could cover the whole thing. I now live in a large city

that is impossible for me to cover the whole thing. I selected an area to target for re-building my business based on resident’s lifestyle, traffic patterns and where I would want to spend more time based on my own lifestyle. Every now and then I get a potential client outside of my range, and can choose if it is worth it for me to take them on based on the job.

Bruce B. • If you are going to have a specific radius, make sure to do your homework and determine if there is enough demand for your service within the area. Also, there is nothing that says you have to charge just one price. Figure your break-even and then adjust your prices accordingly. We charge x dollars for a client that is up to 5 miles away. At 6 miles, the price increases because the overhead increases. Adjustments are inevitable. Just don’t spread yourself too thin or under price yourself.

Susan B. • I live in a very rural area near the Blue Ridge Parkway. I set my business up in the three counties, of which I live in the middle one. I do charge a small per mile fee for anything over 20 miles from where I am, and so far have only had to charge for that once.

Tips for keeping track of your mileage:

A fellow PSI pet sitter posted this question on PSI’s Facebook page: “Does anyone have an suggestions on keeping track of driving mileage? I currently write everything down and it such a hassle to deal with all the paperwork at end of year.”

Here are some of the member suggestions…

Eileen C. • I just keep a notebook in my car. Put the trip mileage indicator at 0 every day an write down the mileage at the end of the day.

Vanessa S. • If you have a smartphone, I recommend the app Triplog. There is a trial versio and the paid app is well worth it. As long as you plug your phone in when you get into your ca the trip log will auto start from client to client. You can turn it off for personal trips and it easi downloads reports into excel for taxes. Couldn’t live without it!

Rebecca C. • I keep a vehicle mileage log book in my car which I buy each year at Offic Depot for around $3. Easy!

Doreen B. • I have a summary spreadsheet that I created in Excel. It has all of our clien

with their demographics along with dates of their visits, how many miles for each of their visi along with fees. At the bottom of the columns, Excel can automatically calculate my mileag total fees and visits. This is a true life saver for us.

Tips to remember when selecting your service area: • Keep in mind gas costs and calculate this into your overhead costs. • Don’t forget that travel time will impact your daily schedule and the number of petsitting assignments you can accept. • Remember your service fees do not have to be “one price fits all.” You can add a mileage surcharge for assignments beyond a set mile-radius. • Determine the value of assignments outside of your service area. Driving 15 miles for a once-a-day cat sit for three days may not be worth your travel; but driving this distance for an overnight pet sit may have a greater return. • Target specific areas you want to service. If specific neighborhoods or areas are home to desirable clientele or in areas you’d like to service or close to your home, aggressively market your services there to concentrate your pet-sitting assignments in these select areas.

Let’s keep in touch!

We’d love to talk with you more and welcome you to the PSI family! Contact PSI Memb Services at info@petsit.com or by phone at (336) 983-9222, option 1.

Established in 1994 by Patti J. Moran, Pet Sitters International (PSI) is the world’s large educational association for professional pet sitters, representing more than 7,000 independe professional pet-sitting businesses in the United States, Canada and abroad. PSI provide members with access to affordable bonding and liability insurance and educational resource including a comprehensive Certification Program, Pet Sitter’s WORLD magazine, The Scoo e-news and PSI’s annual Pet Sitter World Educational Conference & Expo. For more information, visit www.petsit.com, home of the Official Pet Sitter Locator™. You can also follow us and join the conversation online:

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5 Must-Do Steps to Starting a Successful

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2 5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Introduction The American Pet Products Association reports that a total of $55.72 billion was spent on U.S. pets in 201 (up from $53.3 billion in 2012)—and an estimated $58.51 billion was spent in 2014. An estimate $4.73 billion of these expenditures were spent on pet services, such as pet sitting and dog walking (up from $4.41 billion in 2013). There’s no question it’s an excellent time to enter this growing industry, but it does take work. Beginning a career as a professional pet sitter is both rewarding and challenging. Establishing your own pet-sitting business can be especially trying at first. Pet Sitters International (PSI) is here to help and has laid out the most important first steps to take when opening your own pet-sitting business.

Keep reading for the 5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Successful Pet-Sitting Business ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

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3 5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 1: Find the Perfect Name for Your Pet-Sitting Business. You’ve decided to open a pet-sitting business. Now what? One of the very first things to do is to name your business. Selecting the perfect name for your pet-sitting business can be tricky. With the ever-increasing number of pet-sitting companies, some business names have already been trademarked, which means these names can’t be used. Once you’ve narrowed down your name selections to a few favorites, check with your county clerk’s office to see if these names are in use by another business in your community. If the name is locally available, the next inquiry should be to the Secretary of State’s office to determine if anyone in your state has registered your preferred business name.

Examples:

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••••

Once you’ve decided on a business name, be sure to protect it. Register and trademark your business name to ensure that another business doesn’t, which could prevent you from using it down the road.

• ••• • • • ••••

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••••••• •••• ••

Next, check to see if your preferred business name has already been trademarked with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. You can determine if there’s a federal trademark on the name by checking registrations through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or by hiring a patent and trademark attorney to do this verification for you.

When brainstorming business names, consider incorporating your city or community name, your own name or something specific to you to avoid selecting a name that’s already taken.

4 5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 2: Choose a Business Structure. Do you want to build and grow a large pet-sitting business or own a sole-proprietor business? Not sure yet?

•• ••

There are a few options when legally structuring your business, including: • • • • Sole proprietorship • • • • Limited partnership • • • • Corporation (C corporation and S corporation) • • • • Limited liability company (LLC)

While this step is something you can do on your own, professionals (attorneys, accountants, tax consultants, etc.) know the pros and cons of each option and can help you determine which structure is best for you and your business. The U.S. Small Business Administration offers detailed information about the different business structures.

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5 5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 3: Protect Your Business Insurance and bonding are two expenses that no one wants to think about, pay for or use. But, both are essential to every pet-sitting business. Given today’s litigious society, no professional pet sitter should go unprotected. Most people naturally think of the damage a dog bite could cause, but few pet sitters consider the costs involved with injuries to the pets or damage to the property that are in their care. These claims can be substantial.

•• •

What would you do if: • • • • A client’s hardwood floors are damaged due to a water-related accident? • • • • A pet in your care dislocated its hip? • • • • A client’s dog swallows a ball at a dog park and requires surgery?

The reality is that accidents can and do happen every day. PSI members have access to group-rate insurance with the broadest Care Custody and Control coverage at affordable group rates for the pets and property in their care whether at a client’s home, in transit or at their home.

Not sure what coverage you may need? Get a free pet-sitter insurance quote from Business Insurers, PSI’s Preferred Provider.

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5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 4: Invest in a Pet-Sitting Service Contract. As a professional pet sitter, you have a responsibility to protect your clients and their pets, as well as yourself and your business. For your own safety—and sanity—you also want to ensure that all clients clearly understand the services you will be providing, your policies and procedures and what is expected from the pet owners. What’s the easiest way to make sure this happens? A pet-sitting contract. Your company’s pet-sitting contract, also called a services agreement, should clearly outline the services you will provide, limitations and important information about the clients’ pet and homecare needs.

Check out this post on 6 Items to Include in Your Pet-Sitting Service Contract from The PSI Blog.

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5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 4: Invest in a Pet-Sitting Service Contract, cont. You get what you pay for! While it may be tempting to simply download a free pet-sitting contract template online, remember that each business is different and your pet-sitting service contract is a vital part of your business. Combined with pet-sitter liability insurance, your pet-sitting contract is your best defense against possible legal claims against your company. It is worth investing the time and money to have your pet-sitting contract reviewed by a legal advisor to ensure it meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction. The PSI Store Online also offers a Pet Sitting Service Contract CD including a pet-sitting services contract, permission to administer medications form and telephone reservations contract. Pet-sitting contracts for specific petservices, including bird sitting, horse sitting, fish sitting and house sitting only are also available.

PSI members receive 10% off all purchases from The Pet Sitter Shop.

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5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 5: Get the Word Out! You’ve successfully completed steps one through four, so it’s time to start pet sitting, right? If your phone isn’t ringing yet, it’s simply because your community doesn’t know about you! Now’s the time to get the word out about your new pet-sitting business! You need to seize every opportunity available to educate the people in your community about the valuable in-home pet care your new pet-sitting business provides. What can help bring clients your way? 1. Word of mouth 2. Listing on PSI’s Official Pet Sitter Locator™ 3. Company website 4. Promotional materials 5. Social media use 6. Event participation

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Click here for an inside-look at professional pet sitters’ most preferrred advertising methods.

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5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Step 5: Get the Word Out, cont. Advertising on a shoestring budget? As you may already know, advertising can cost an arm and a leg. And those costs may be hard to handle if you are just starting your business. PSI is here to help. PSI members have access to tons of free customizable advertising and promotional tools. Members can immediately take advantage of PSIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Market Your Business section in the Members Area of petsit.com, which includes useful resources to help you develop a promotional plan for your business. PSI members also receive 10% off promotional items from The Pet Sitter Shop, including door knob hangers, car magnets and brochures.

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5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

BONUS TIP:

Your credentials can help you stand out from the crowd. With the influx of pet-care directory sites popping up in the last couple of years and news stories touting pet sitting as an easy way to earn extra cash, more and more people are deciding to cash in on the growing need for pet care. Qualified pet sitters risk getting lost in the mix of teenagers, college students and amateurs offering services at unrealistically low rates. But, professional pet sitters are finding success by educating local pet owners about the importance of using only qualified, professional pet sitters. Pet Sitters International’s latest campaign, “Get A Real Pet Sitter®,” seeks to educate pet owners on the importance of using professional pet sitters for their pet-care needs.

PSI advises pet owners to ask seven important questions when interviewing a potential pet sitter: 1. Does the pet sitter have the proper business license for your city or state? 2. Is the pet sitter insured and bonded? 3. Can the pet sitter provide proof of clear criminal history? 4. Does the pet sitter provide client references? 5. Will the pet sitter use a pet-sitting services agreement or contract? 6. Has the pet sitter completed PSI’s CPPS Program and/or has he or she participated in pet-care training, such as pet first aid? 7. Is the pet sitter a member of a professional and educational association, such as Pet Sitters International? Make sure you can answer YES to each of these questions! PSI members can take advantage of free customizable press releases and social-media images to spread the word about the Get A Real Pet Sitter® to local pet owners. www.petsit.com

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11 5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

Conclusion Advertising on a shoestring budget? As you may already know, advertising can cost an arm and a leg. And those costs may be hard to handle if you are just starting your business. PSI is here to help. PSI members have access to tons of free customizable advertising and promotional tools. Members can immediately take advantage of PSIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Market Your Business section in the Members Area of petsit.com, which includes useful resources to help you develop a promotional plan for your business. PSI members also receive 10% off promotional items from The Pet Sitter Shop, including door knob hangers, car magnets and brochures.

Join PSI Now and Save $25 Enter referral code 5STEPS when you join and receive a $25 off your PSI membership.* *$25 refund will be credited to your card once your membership is processed, typically within 2-3 business days.

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Let’s Keep in Touch!

With 68 percent of U.S. households owning a pet (82.5 million walkers is at an all-time high. In fact, there are now more hous according to the USA Today analysis of the 2010 Census.

There’s plenty of room in the industry for newcomers, but with increasingly selective and savvy. Taking the proper steps to en professionally is vital to your success.

The five steps detailed in this e-book will put you on the path to one more step: Join PSI. As a PSI pet sitter, you can take adva to group-rate pet-sitter liability insurance and bonding and PSI’ to free marketing and educational tools, including pet-sitter form behinds and more.

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5 Must-Do Steps for Starting a Succesful Pet-Sitting Business

homes), the need for professional pet sitters and dog seholds with dogs (43 million) than children (38 million),

more pet-care options, pet owners are becoming nsure your pet-sitting service is set up legally and

o pet-sitting success, but weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d also like to invite you to take antage of exclusive benefits and services, such as access â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Certificate Program. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll also gain immediate access ms, press release templates, customizable client leave-

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WHERE TO GO

Top pet friendly establishments in the Grand Strand Area Most public beaches in the Myrtle Beach area are petfriendly during early morning hours or during late evenings year-round. However, pets are not allowed on the beaches or Ocean Boulevard between 21st Avenue North to 13th Avenue South of Myrtle Beach at any time. Pets are also not allowed to be walked on any public beach in Myrtle Beach between 10:00 am and 5:00 pm from May 1st through Labor Day. Be sure to follow local rules and always pick up after your pet so that Myrtle Beach keeps its beaches open to our pets for surfside play. When your pet needs a sitter, Grand Strand area has that too! Check out our coverage on Camp Bow Wow! The BEST place for dogs! Please don't forget pick-up bags, water, first-aid kit, towel, leash, toys, and treats for your pup when out and about! Enjoy the Grand Strand area!

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Are you ready for some BASEBALL?? To kick off the Myrtle Beach Pelicans baseball season AND our new sponsorship of Deuce, we are kicking off a contest!! Send a photograph that shows your pup’s support for either Camp Bow Wow, Deuce and/or the Myrtle Beach Pelicans!! IMPORTANT: please send the photo by message to either our Camp Bow Wow Myrtle Beach Facebook page or Deuce’s Facebook page (called "Deuce: Myrtle Beach Pelicans") and we will add the photo to an album entitled "Take Me Out To the Ballgame." The photo with the most likes will be the winner!!!! The lucky winner will receive 2 Free tickets to the Pelican’s Season Opener on Thursday April 9th vs. the Wilmington Blue Rocks (plus a parking pass and early entry into the park). Opening night festivities include a magnet schedule giveaway AND a fireworks show!! Legal Woof: Contest ends at midnight March 21st (to give the winner adequate notice to attend the game; only one entry per family) CLICK HERE FOR ORE INORMATION

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We at Camp Bow Wow Myrtle Beach are pleased to be a part of this inaugural issue of Grand Strand Pet. When we opened the doors of our Camp last autumn, we aimed to provide a new and different approach to overnight boarding and day care services for the dogs of the Grand Strand area. Now Grand Strand Pet – with its interactive digital magazine format – is providing its own new and different approach to sharing the latest information about pet-related news and trends, linking pet parents to high quality providers of goods and services for their pets, and also supporting pet rescue, foster, food bank, and educational organizations in the Grand Strand. We are, of course, about more than simply being ‘new and different’. We want to be the preferred provider for dog overnight stays, day care, and behavior training to the Grand Strand, and to continuously improve and strengthen our service offerings. In our Camp we provide a safe, clean, sanitary, and FUN environment for dogs. When parents bring their furry family members to Camp, they can feel confident that their dogs are playing happily in a safe environment. The Camp Bow Wow organization draws strength from the diverse experiences of well over 100 Camps around the US (and one in Canada). Harnessing this strength as a true “learning organization”, Camp Bow Wow actively maintains awareness of issues and trends that relate to the care and welfare of dogs, and domesticated animals overall. The central organization also stays on top of what occurring in each Camp – what is working well, and what needs to change and improve. The knowledge gained through this process informs decisions on everything from the design and materials used in the construction of a Camp to the operational standards for managing play yards and cleaning and sanitizing the facility. The uniform high standard for animal care and customer service is what attracted us to Camp Bow Wow – first as customers for almost 9 years, and now as franchise owners. There are many examples of learnings from the franchise system that we have incorporated into our Camp here in Myrtle Beach, and we’re happy to give introductory tours of our facility so you can see them first-hand! Beyond the high standards for animal care and customer service, the Camp Bow Wow organization, through the Bow Wow Buddies Foundation, funds oncology research at the Colorado State University Animal Cancer Center. The Foundation also provides therapy dogs to people in need and educational programs in dog bite prevention through the Scout’s Angels program, and sponsors a system-wide foster program to help find “fur-ever” homes for dogs in recue shelters. Since 2003, Camp Bow Wow’s foster program has found homes for more than 10,000 animals, and has a target to place another 1,000 dogs in homes during 2015. The Foundation is, perhaps, “invisible” to pet parents that bring their dogs to Camp – but it is an integral part of the Camp Bow Wow philosophy to employ good science and a caring attitude to improve the lives of people and animals now and into the future. Hence the saying, “Happy Healthy Pets, Happy Healthy People”. Thank you for reading, and we look forward to seeing you here next month. We’ll highlight our Behavior Buddies® Premier reward-based training, including our “spring training” program for Deuce, the mascot of the Myrtle Beach Pelicans, Class AAdvanced affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. John C. Leighton Owner & Chief Bone Counter Camp Bow Wow®, Home Buddies® and Behavior Buddies

Camp Bow Wow signs on as official sponsor of Deuce 02/25/2015 4:50 PM ET By Nathan Barnett / Myrtle Beach Pelicans

official sponsor of the new Deuce Facebook Page. Camp Bow Wow Myrtle Beach and All 4 Paws, a local dog and cat rescue organization, will be at the TicketReturn.Com Field at Pelicans Ballpark during the team's two Bark in MYRTLE BEACH, S.C. (FEBRUARY 26, the Park nights. Finally, each Saturday 2015) - The Myrtle Beach Pelicans, the home game, Camp Bow Wow Myrtle Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Beach will recognize a "Furry Friend of Chicago Cubs, are thrilled to announce a the Game" (with prizes awarded to each new partnership with Camp Bow Wow furry friend!). Myrtle Beach for the 2015 season. Camp Bow Wow Myrtle Beach, the Premier The 2015 season marks the 17th season Doggy Day and Overnight Camp速 for the franchise and first as the Class Afranchise and an Inc 5000 company, will Advanced affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. be the official sponsor of Deuce, the For information on tickets to see the Pelicans canine mascot. Pelicans in 2015, please call (843) 918-6000, e-mail Deuce, an English Yellow Labrador info@myrtlebeachpelicans.com, or visit Retriever and the official dog mascots of www.MyrtleBeachPelicans.com. the Pelicans since 2008, delivers baseballs to the umpires twice a game About Camp Bow Wow and runs the bases after each Pelicans win. He is the team's second dog In 13 years, Camp Bow Wow, the premier mascot; Dinger served in a similar role pet care franchise, has grown to include beginning in 1999 until 2009 when he over 152 locations across North passed away. Since Dinger's passing, America, becoming a $71 million brand. Deuce has been the centerpiece of the "Home Run Dog" family. In addition to in-park recognition, Camp Bow Wow Myrtle Beach will be the

The company was recently ranked 214 Professional Baseball Leagues or its out of 500 in Entrepreneur's Franchise clubs. 500 list in 2013 and for the fifth year in a row named to the INC. magazine 5000 list of America's fastest growing private companies. The Camp concept provides the highest levels of fun, safety and service for its Campers, and peace of mind for their parents. Dogs romp together in an open-play environment and pricing is all-inclusive. Since the Broomfield, Colorado-based Company started franchising in 2003, Camp Bow Wow has sold more than 152 franchises in 37 states, plus one in Canada, over 41% being women-owned. In August 2014, Camp Bow Wow was acquired by VCA, Inc. (NASDAQ: WOOF), a leading animal healthcare company in the United States and Canada. The Camp Bow Wow brand family also includes: Home Buddies by Camp Bow Wow速 premier in home pet care (to be opening soon at our Myrtle Beach location) Behavior Buddies速 - premier dog training is currently available at our Myrtle Beach location. The Bow Wow Buddies Foundation - a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives and health of dogs everywhere, through foster programs, spay and neuter efforts, disaster assistance, canine cancer research, animal welfare education, therapy dog teams and shelter improvements. For any Camp Bow Wow PR Inquiries, please contact them at campbowwow@5wpr.com or visit them online at www.campbowwow.com. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of

Services Day Camp (Dog Day Care)

soundly at Camp Bow Wow while you are away.

Long work day? High energy dog? Separation anxiety? Guilt about infrequent walks? Bring your dog to Camp Bow Wow for a day at Camp! Early drop-off and late pick-up allow you to focus on your daily routine while your dog plays with our Certified Camp Counselors速 and his or her favorite canine friends. We'll find the play group that best fits your dog's personality and size. You'll find the schedule that best suits your dog's needs - a few days a week, a few days a month, or just "as needed". One thing is for sure - at the end of the day, each dog goes home tired and happy. That's good for your dog, and good for you, too!

Camp Showers (Dog Baths & Nail Clips) Want your pup to come home clean and fluffy after a long day of playing or an overnight stay? We have additional services for baths and nail trims available! See our pricing section for all our offerings. Why Come to Camp? Eliminate Dog Loneliness

Across the nation, the demand for dog daycare is growing. The more we understand about our beloved canine companions, the harder it is to leave them home alone every day while we Overnight Camp (Dog Boarding) are at work and play. Many people will have a dog before they have children (or instead of Vacation? Business Trip? Allergic children) and many will have a dog long after houseguests? Bring your dog to Camp Bow their children have left home. A dog is less Wow for an overnight stay! Overnight likely to be seen as "just a dog" than as a Campers stay busy with Camp activities during member of our family. We like to think of Fido the day and go to their cabins only at meal having fun rather than sitting in a crate or time and bedtime. Siblings can share an tearing up the house while we are gone; and, oversized cabin to make it more like home. while we love our dogs, we also like the Evening "campfire" treats and soothing music occasional "night off" from playing ball or at bedtime are always included in your dog's going for a mile-long walk. stay. All-day play, private cabins and plenty of canine and human contact help your pup sleep

You Can Relax The other trend that is reflected in the It can be taxing at times to come home after a growing demand for dog day care is the trend hard day's work - and an often lengthy towards adoption of dogs from shelters rather commute - only to find Fido hyper and ready than purchasing them from pet stores or to romp and play for an hour when all you breeders. Obviously, just as with people, a want to do is kick off your shoes and relax. dog's past can often affect their future. Many Occasional trips to your local Camp may mean dogs that have been abandoned or neglected a night or two of rest and relaxation with a dog end up with some form of separation anxiety that is more apt to snuggle than drop a ball at which can lead to destructive behavior. If Fido your feet every ten seconds. Others are using isn't at home, he can't destroy your home, but daycare as a way to feel better about working benefits from daily day care visits can add up. all day and having the occasional night out. For most dogs, two or three visits a week will Leave Fido at Day Camp while you are at work keep them physically and mentally stimulated and he will be more than happy to sleep at enough that destructive behavior is greatly home while you go out to dinner. It is true that reduced if not completely eliminated when a tired dog is a well-behaved dog. coupled with appropriate toys, treats, and proper crate training at home. A Better Behaved Dog In spite of all of the benefits of daycare, it isn't Having a well-behaved dog at home isn't the right for every dog, in addition not every only reason people are choosing dog daycare. daycare is the same. If you are looking for As training classes and "puppy play times" at daycare for your pup, take the time to visit a local pet stores become more popular, the few facilities near you, take tours, and ask idea of a well-socialized dog has taken hold as questions. Make sure you are comfortable well. It is a wonderful thing to take your dog with all policies and procedures before for a walk and not have to worry about how he leaving your dog at any facility. will behave when you pass another dog along your route. Having a dog that is happy to meet Camp Bow Wow Grand Strand Doggy Daycare new people and dogs makes going for walks and Boarding and having company in your home much more 305 Bush Drive, enjoyable... and fun! Dogs are social animals Myrtle Beach, SC 29579 by nature and, when socialized, enjoy the Camp Phone: 843-796-9499 company of other dogs. Taking Fido to day care can help him stay well-socialized; Weekdays:6:30am - 7:30pm socialization to dogs is like foreign language Weekends:7:00am - 7:00pm to us Holidays:7:00am - 10:00am & 4:00pm - 7:00pm Balance

Want Your Canine to Become a Camper?

Current on Rabies, Distemper and Bordetella vaccines All new campers must pass a FREE interview Flea/tick free and in good overall health and trial day before participating in day or Wearing a quick-release collar overnight camp. Interviews are scheduled Mon- Dog and people friendly Fri by appointment only. Camp tours are always Able to pass the interview and trial day available. Come sniff us out and see what the bark is all about! All Campers Must Meet Requirements: At least four months old Spayed or neutered (if six months or older)

Myrtle Beach Myrtle Beach, SC 29575 From May 1 through Labor Day, pets are not permitted on the beach between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. Otherwise, you can romp with your pet on a 7-foot leash on the beach. Myrtle Beach State Park 4401 South Kings Highway Myrtle Beach, SC 29575 What more could you ask for—a wide, open beach for sun lovers, a fishing pier for anglers, and oceanfront sites for campers. From May 15 to September 15 between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., dogs are not permitted on the beach; otherwise, they are allowed with a 6-foot leash. Pets are not permitted in the rental cabins or apartments. North Myrtle Beach Beaches North Myrtle Beach, SC 29582 Pets are not permitted on the beach between 9

a.m. and 5 p.m. from May 15 to September 15; otherwise they are allowed on the beach on leash. North Myrtle Beach beaches include: • Cherry Grove Beach • Ocean Drive Beach • Crescent Beach • Windy Hill Beach Surfside Beach Surfside Beach, SC 29587 From May 15 to September 15, pets are not permitted on the beach. All other times, dogs on a 6-foot leash are permitted on the beach. Huntington Beach State Park 16148 Ocean Highway Murrells Inlet, SC 29576 This is a great place to come to go fishing, camping, or play in the surf. Pets on a 6-foot leash are allowed on the beach and throughout the park.

DOGS ON THE BEACH

Murrells Inlet Beaches This clean, attractive park is a favorite with local pet owners, who are welcome to bring their dogs on-leash, and often hosts community events. Pawleys Island Beaches Pawleys Island, SC 29585 You and your pet on leash can enjoy the islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beaches together, including Litchfield Beach. Georgetown Beaches Georgetown, SC 29440 You and your pet on leash can enjoy the beach between 9 a.m. and 7 p.m.; the rest of the time your dog can romp in the sand and surf off leash (but under voice control). North and South Barc Parcs 62nd Avenue North Extension and Mallard Lake Drive

North and South Barc Parcs 62nd Avenue North Extension and Mallard Lake Drive

THE PREMISES. POLICE AND ANIMAL CONTROL OFFICERS CAN TICKET ALL DOG OWNERS WHO FAIL TO COMPLY WITH THE ABOVE RULES. Myrtle Beach has two off-leash dog parks THIS PARK ACCOMMODATES UNLEASHED where owners may let their pets run and play. ANIMALS. BY ENTRY, YOU ASSUME ALL RISK OF Barc Parc South, the original leash-free space INJURY TO YOURSELF, ANY ADULT GUEST, AND for pooches, is off Mallard Lake Drive near ANY PERSON OR THING OVER WHICH YOU Grand Park and The Market Common. The park EXERCISE CARE. covers 14 acres and includes a large lake. Barc ENTER AT YOUR OWN RISK Parc North is adjacent to the Claire Chapin For more information about these facilities or Epps Family YMCA on 62nd Avenue North other city parks, contact the Cultural and Extension. It covers 3.3 acres and opened in Leisure Services Department at the Fall of 2009. 843-918-1188. Both parks are fully fenced. North Barc Parc offers separate areas for large and small dogs. See the Barc Parc rules, below. Dogs must meet height requirements, which are posted on the entrance gates. Rules for behavior also are posted, and owners are responsible for picking up after their pets and properly disposing of the waste. Handy picker-uppers are provided. BARC PARC RULES PARK IS OPEN FROM SUN UP TO SUN DOWN. DOG OWNERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEAN UP OF DOG FECES. DOG OWNERS MUST BE IN PARK AND WITHIN VIEW OF THEIR DOG AT ALL TIMES. DOGS MUST BE REMOVED FROM THE PARK AT THE FIRST SIGN OF AGGRESSION. DOG OWNER MUST HAVE LEASH IN HAND AT ALL TIMES. DOGS MUST BE LEASHED OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE PARK. BITCHES IN HEAT ARE PROHIBITED FROM ENTERING THE PARK. AGGRESSIVE DOGS ARE NOT PERMITTED ON

OFF LEASH DOG PARKS Waggin' Tails Dog Park 150 Citizens Circle Little River, SC, US 29566 (843) 281-3800 recreation@nmb.us Waggin' Tails Dog Park is fully-fenced with separate areas for small and large dogs, doggie water fountains, benches, and more. Myrtle Beach Barc Parc Kings Hwy at Mallard Lake Drive Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (843) 918-1000 This is an especially nice fenced dog park of 11 acres. There is a large pond in the park for swimming. There is even a doggy shower at the park. The park is located in the former Air Force Base area just south of the city. Take Kings Hwy south just out of the city and turn left on Mallard Lake Drive

North-End Dog Park at Grand Strand YMCA 5000 Claire Chapin Epps Dr Myrtle Beach, SC, US (843) 918-2390 Your pet will love the chance to exercise offleash at this fenced dog park with a separate area for small dogs, drinking fountains and shade.

Come see us and support a Seeing pets and owners socializing, learning, helping, having Sponsoring these outings is our opportunity to Mardi Paws Adoption Extravaganza March 3-8, 2015 Saint Frances Animal Center 6 Months or older, adoptions fees 50% off! Pets are micro-chipped, fully vaccinated, spayed/neutered, and with free pet insurance.

St. Patrick's Day Parade & Festival Saturday, March 14, 2015, Main Street, North Myrtle Beach, SC Parade: 9 a.m., Festival: 11 a.m. - 4 p.m. Grand Strand Pet is sharing a booth with The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach. Together we will be walking dogs for adoption in the parade. This one-day, rain or shine event brings approximately 30,000 people to celebrate being Irish and welcome the coming of spring. A parade begins the day at 9:00 a.m., followed by two stages of live music and a childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area with rides and amusements from 11:00 am until 4:00 pm. Along Main Street approximately 150 vendors will display their crafts, services,

information, products, or serve a variety of treats.

2nd Run for the Shelter 5k & 1 mile dog run/walk March 28, 2015, North Myrtle Beach, SC Located at the North Myrtle Beach Park and Sports Complex. Registration Material Pick up: 8am-8:45am. Race Time: 9am Pre -Registration Fee: $25 for the 5k run/walk, $10 for the 1 mile walk/run Registration Fee after March 27: $30 for the 5k run/walk, $15 for the 1 mile walk/run T-shirts will be available to participants who register by March 13, 2015. Awards will be presented to the top overall male and female finisher as well as the top 3 male and female finishers in each age group: Under 19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65 and up for the 5k Run

Annual Biker Bluegrass F Sunday, March 29, 2015 South End MB Harley Dav chosen WARM to benefit annual Blue Grass Festiva It is going to be held Sun 29, from 11 am until 3 pm have adoptable animals t There is no admission ch is a family and pet friend They will have raffles, mu etc. Don't miss out on Myrtle Harley-Davidson's Annua Bluegrass Festival. FREE F MUSIC Special appearanc Davidson

animals in our community! g fun together at events especially for them makes us happy. o do good while supporting some pet-filled fun.

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EVENT CALENDAR Doggie Bone Hunt April 11, 2015 McLean Park, North Myrtle Beach, SC Registration 12 Noon, Event begins 1:00PM Pet Games, Pet Contests, Music, Food and More! How many bones can your dog find? Participants can pre-register for the Hunt at the Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach, located at 409 Bay Street in North Myrtle Beach or register the day of the event for a $10 donation.

Build Your Own Boat Race will be the main event at Barefoot Landingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Paddle for the Pets 2015 Waterway extravaganza. During the dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s event there will be several restaurant vendors serving delicious food, great live music from local and regional musicians, vendors, a Furry Fashion Show and more! Event Schedule for April 25, 2015: 9:00am -Mandatory Boat Builders Meeting at Dick's Last Resort 9:30 am-Boat Building begins 12:00 pm- Live music In addition to the Bone Hunt, which 1:00 pm- Furry Fashion Show is a twist on the traditional Easter 2:30 pm- Boats and crew to launch Egg Hunt, there will be Pet Games & area Contests, Food, Live Music and more. 3:00 pm- Boat race begins All proceeds benefit The Humane 6:30 pm- Awards presentation and Society of North Myrtle Beach. official after party at Dick's Last Resort!

Paddle for the Pets - Build Your Own Boat Race 2015 April 25, 2015 8am-8pm Barefoot Landing Grand Strand Pet is one of the sponsors to help benefit our North Myrtle Beach Humane Society. The

The Fast & the Furriest 5K Run/Walk & Kids/Pets Fun Run Saturday, April 25, 2015 The run will begin at East Bay Park in

Georgetown, SC. Pets & St welcome. Registration inc Shirt Awards for Top 3 Ove Male/Female and Top 3 in Packet Pickup 7:30 to 8:45 start at 9AM Early Registra individual $35 Teams: $30 Person Fun Run $15 Includ & Medal REGISTER EARLY Increase Registration day $50

Whiskers, Wags & Wine June 3, 2015 6 PM - 9 PM Brentwood Restaurant & W Bistro, Little River, SC 2014 flyer showing, uploa soon! Grand Strand Pet is one of sponsors this year for the Food and Wine Tasting to The Humane Society North Beach. Buy your tickets now for $ Humane Society of North Beach, North Myrtle Beach of Commerce or The Brent Restaurant & Wine Bistro the door. The evening will include: S Live Auction, Music & Ente Wine Tasting, and Food by winning Eric Masson. For m information, call 843-249 The Brentwood, Little Rive Ticketed Event - more det coming soon

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EVENT CALENDA 15 Annual Ride for the Animals Poker Run September 12, 2015 Myrtle Beach Harley Davidson, 4002 Hwy 17 South Grand Strand Pet is one of the sponsors! Please go on the Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach web page for pre-registration. $20.00 per person OR the day of the event is $25.00 a person. Food, door prizes, raffles, and more! Come on out for a great cause for our animals, hope to see you there. Registration at the North Myrtle Beach Harley - Davidson shop 10am - 12pm. More details coming soon

Beach Bound Hounds Conference and Expo September 23-27, 2015, Myrtle Beach, SC BeachBound Hounds will officially start on Thursday, September 25, 2014 at 9:00am. It will end after the Blessing and Memorial Service on Sunday, September 28, 2014. For early arrivers, we always try to feature something fun and exciting to do on Wednesday- plans will be announced as the event approaches. 12th Annual Irish Italian International Festival September 25, 2015, 10AM-4PM, Main Street in North Myrtle Beach Grand Strand Pet will be sharing a booth with The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach - we are one of their sponsors! This one day rain or shine event brings approximately 15,000 to celebrate different cultures. The festival features food from local restaurants, two stages of live entertainment, street performers, art & craft vendors, and dance groups all surrounding an Irish Italian International theme. Restaurants will compete for the title of Best EntrĂŠe, Best Decorated, and Best Dessert. Festival goers can also join in a friendly spaghetti eating competition. A children's area will offer a variety of entertainment that suits all ages; magic, balloon art and inflatables (nominal fee). Festival admission & parking are FREE.

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This is a ticketed event. Lo be determined.

More details posted soon Dogtoberfest October 17, 2015 4-7PM H Blues in Barefoot Landing Grand Strand Pet is one of sponsors. We will update event pho as soon as we receive it! T 2014. Join The Humane Society Myrtle Beach in celebratin Dogtoberfest 2015 at the Blues in Barefoot Landing October 17, 2017 from 4p We will have shelter dogs

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EVENT CALENDA Shiver for the Shelter Golf Tournament December 5, 2015 Farmstead Golf Course, Little River, SC Ticketed Event Grand Strand Pet is one of the sponsors for this event to benefit The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach. Farmstead Golf CourseMore details coming soon Pets Light Up Our Lives Saturday, December 19, 2015 6PM McLean Park, North Myrtle Beach Grand Strand Pet is one of the sponsors to benefit The Humane Society of North Myrtle Beach. Pets Light Up Our Lives! is an event to honor our pets; past, present and future. Please join us, with or without your pet, on December ?19 at 6 pm in McLean Park in North Myrtle Beach. There will be Christmas music, refreshments, gift basket raffles and a blessing of the animals in addition to the tree lighting. All pets that attend will receive a Christmas gift. Lights can be purchased for $10 per animal between now and December 16 in order to be included in the program. Lights can be purchased at the ceremony as well. White lights are for pets that have passed away. Red lights are for pets that are still with us. Blue lights are for the over 200 future pets residing in our shelter. To purchase lights, Download form and mail to HSNMB, PO Box 3369, North Myrtle Beach SC 29582 or drop off at 409 Bay Street in North Myrtle Beach, SC. More details coming soon!

SEND US YOUR EVENTS WITH FLYER AND DETAILS

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Save the date! Sunday, October 4, 2015 Grand Strand Pet is producing the first annual Grand Strand Pet Health & Wellness Expo for People & Pets in Myrtle Beach!

12) Meet face-to-face people and pet health and wellness experts all under one roof 13) Teach your dog a new trick

The expo will be open from 9AM - 7PM. $3 advance tickets or $5 at the door. Well behaved leashed pets are welcome! Bring the entire family! Attendees receive: 1) Gift Bags 2) Official Program Books 3) Day of show specials from vendors 4) Doorprizes drawn throughout the day 5) Seminars 6) Book Signings 14) Network 7) Learn Yoga poses 15) Largest & 8) Learn how to meditate Smallest 9) Learn proper way to lift dog and cat contest weights 16) Oldest dog and cat 10) Health Screenings contest 11) Taste Samples

17) Most beautiful dog and cat contest 18) Most talented dog and cat contest

ambulance, and police car on site 23) Learn the latest in alternative medicine 24) And so much more!

Exhibitors 1) Reserve your vendor space with a small deposit 2) Space is on a first come, first served basis 3) We have 160 10x10 exhibitor booths 4) Booths include pipe and drape, skirted table, wastebasket, ID sign, 2 chairs 5) Move in Saturday, October 3 from 6PM - 11PM. Booth must be set up night before 6) Last minute hand carry only items morning of show 7) Exhibitor receive 4 passes per booth 19) Learn about the latest in 8) No booth sharing health and wellness for you 9) Multiple booth spaces and your pet available 20) Cookng demonstrations 10) CLICK HERE FOR KIT 21) Pet adoptions on site 22) Check out a fire truck,

Send for your Exhibitor Prospectus today! Grand Strand Pet Health & Wellness Expo For People and Pets DOCK C ROLL-UP

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April 2015 Gra Cover topics for Camps, next month, April Groomers, and 2015 will be: Walkers 1) Getting Fit with Plus multiple Fido articles and 2) Keeping Your monthly columns Pet Hydrated from our 3) Importance of advertisers. Dental Health in Pets And our monthly 4) What to do pet friendly when your dog is events around lost - lost and town! found tips for a happy return 5) Grand Strand Top Pet Sitters, Trainers, Boarders, Day

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area. Email your videos and photos of your pets to few details about your pet and their adventures in d or photos.

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