Architecture of Leadership Journal by Grant Poteat

The Architecture of Leadership Leadership As a Journey

GRANT POTEAT

The Architecture of Leadership Journal

Table of Contents Reflections before classes................................4

Reflections after readings...............................12

Principles of Leadership.................................86

Bumper Stickers...............................................87

Problems of Leadership...................................88

All Quotes..........................................................89

Reflection Before Class one

Before I say anything I would just like to express how much I am looking forward to this class. I have heard great things about this course and I am anxious to experience it myself and hopefully take away some info that can help me in the future with my architecture career. Honestly, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not really sure what to expect, I just hope that I can begin to learn some of the characteristics of a leader in the field of architecture and what that exactly means. I also hope that I can begin to learn the specific differences between that of a leader and a follower and which one of those I am closer to. I hope that by looking at different examples and types of leaders throughout history I can begin to learn some of these lessons and apply them now.

Reflection Before Class three

After attending a couple of classes and getting a good understanding of what is expected and how the class is set up I think that this course is going to be very beneficial and help me not only just in school but as I continue in my professional career as well. During class #1 I really enjoyed the triangle and line diagram that we used and how it really showed that without a common goal, you don’t have leaders or followers. I also really liked how in the middle you have the “moment in time” and without that you really don’t have anything In class #2 I really liked discussing the leadership of all of the people from Certain Trumpets, but in particular FDR. He overcame a very big challenge by having polio, and he used that disability as fuel to his fire to help him become one of the greatest leaders this country has ever see. As the class moves forward I look forward to learning about the many different leaders and all of these different types of leadership and hopefully I can relate to some of them and apply their lessons to my life. 5

Reflection Before Class five

Looking back at the class so far, it is hard to believe t hat we are already on class #5. I have learned so much over the past month or so, not just about leadership, but about so many different things it is kind of hard to put it into words. Learning the lessons and values that all of these great leaders have to offer are forever going to change the way that I approach certain situations in my future. As I continue throughout my education, and hopefully into the professional world one day, I hope and pray that I will remember the qualities of some of these leaders so I can apply them to my life. I hope that as every goes by in this class I can continue to build upon the knowledge I have already gained and use it to become a better leader, if the situation presents itself, or a better follower, if that situation arises. I think at this point in the class, it is less about “doing the work” and more about gaining critical knowledge to better my future in whatever career I pursue (hopefully architecture). Looking forward, I think I would like to continue to use this journal as a sort of “rough” sketch journal and then at the end compile everything, edit it down, and make it really beautiful for the final submission.

Reflection Before Class nine

This semester has really flown by in my opinion. It seems like a week ago it was the 1st week of class and everything was so much easier, no projects were due and everyone was just enjoying themselves. Joking aside, I have really learned a lot thus far in the semester and I am looking forward to leaning even more. Some of the readings that we have done since class #5 have really inspired and challenged me in a lot of different ways. I enjoyed reading about the rhetorical leadership of Dr. King and how even at his worst times he continued to inspire people and fight for change. I enjoyed reading the passages from the Bible and how leadership looked during Biblical times. In addition to this, I have enjoyed thinking and coming up with the Architecture of Leadership object. I believe that it is going to be really fascinating to see all of these projects at the end of the semester and how each person represents leadership in a different manner. Finally, I have really enjoyed keeping this journal and writing the personal reflections after each reading. Before the final journal is due, I plan on going through the entire thing and editing and revising it, and then digitizing the most important and pertinent aspects into one beautiful object. As the end of the semester comes closer and closer I hope to learn even more about what it means to be a leader and a follower and how to continue to apply that information to my life.

Reflection Before Class fourteen

Going into the last class tomorrow it is really bittersweet. This has been an awesome semester and I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t not express how thankful I am to have taken this class this semester. I have learned more this semester than I have any other semester; about life, leadership, school, etc. I really enjoyed the readings throughout this class and took a little something different away from each one. Many of the quotes that I have left in this journal really spoke to me, and helped me learn a great deal about being a leader and a follower. Perhaps my favorite of all though, were the different case studies from President Barkerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time as President. These took much of the knowledge and skills and applied it to real life situations. These case studies helped me learn about leadership and what that looks like in a real life setting. Hopefully, I can remember all of these lessons and carry them with me throughout the rest of school and as I start my career, as I believe they will be priceless.

Personal Reflections

Quotes

Class one After reading all of the readings for class one, I have learned several things that I have never really considered before. To begin with, I never even realized the importance of followers when it comes to the topic of leadership. Before, when I used to think of leadership I just thought of someone who kind of bossed people around, and it did not really matter what the followers thought. After reading the Introduction to “Certain Trumpets” it has become clear to me that the “follower” is just as important as the leader in most cases. I also really enjoyed the poem by Kipling. I had never heard this poem before and really enjoy how all of the things that are set out in the poem are not actually achievable, but they are still standards that we can try and set for ourselves.

“But all politicians need some of an actor’s abilities” 13

Franklin Roosevelt Electoral Leader

I thought it was very interesting how the reading started by talking about how the relationship of democracy and leadership has changed throughout history. The great leaders of Ancient Greece didn’t see any point in a true democracy as they saw themselves as superiors over there followers. I believe that the true test of a leader comes in times of struggle, and as the reading mentions FDR struggled when he was diagnosed with Polio. He lost the function of his legs entirely yet he never once wavered in the eye of the public and continued to lead the country strongly. I like how it gave the analogy and compared FDR with a “doomed artist” and goes on to say, “the artist suffers, but gains from his suffering, because it severs him from “the herd.” I also liked how it talked about how there was a great mystery of some great, popular leaders like Roosevelt.

“He wanted his own way. But he knew that the way to get it was not to ‘impose’ it.” 15

Eleanor Roosevelt Reform Leader

I really enjoyed this chapter of the book as I feel like a lot of times first lady’s get left out of the category of “leaders”. Maybe this is a good thing in most cases or not, I’m not really sure. However, I think the leadership of Eleanor Roosevelt was very reserved, yet bold and strong at the same time. In most cases, with the first lady, any ideas of leadership that comes into play with them often gets overshadowed by that of her husband. After all he is the “leader of the free world”. I like how this book goes all the way back to Eleanor’s childhood and describes it for us to show us how those occurrences in her life have effected the way that she leads people. I think one of the strongest points of this chapter was when it was talking about how the moderate leader must walk a thin line. When someone is in a position of power such as Eleanor and she wants to help all people she must balance that very thin line very carefully so that she is able to help people on both sides of the line.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The moderate leader must walk a delicate line, addressing opposite camps.â&#x20AC;? 17

Napoleon Bonaparte Military Leader

I had never really thought of the concept that this chapter presents at the beginning when it talks about how military leadership might seem like a very simple thing. When you look at it solely on the surface I believe that it does appear to be very simple because you have “a leader” that is appointed by other people of the military and then you give him or her followers, so to the untrained eye, there isn’t much actual leadership going on. However, it can possibly be the most difficult type of leadership, as military leaders must give meaningful commands in the heat of battle. I didn’t realize how much of a genius Napoleon was when it came to war. He broke down everything everyone knew at that time about war and completely revolutionized it in order to work in his advantage. I believe that Napoleon’s ultimate downfall came when it says that he no longer controlled war, but war started to control him. “He became imprisoned in his own skills, a slave to them.” Whenever Napoleon began to lose control of war it says that he literally just lost all of his followers. It is amazing how quickly one can go from begin such a revered hero and then almost overnight lost all of his followers and is no longer a leader to anyone. I like how the ending of this chapter stresses the importance of followers as once Napoleon lost his followers, he essentially lost everything.

“Napoleon saw the limits of what could be done – by his enemies, by himself, by his troops – and used those limits to baffle his foes.” 19

Martha Graham

Artistic Leader

I thought that the first sentence of this reading was pretty powerful. I liked how it said that artists can possess many of the same qualities that great leaders have such as being “successful, important, and influential” yet still not be a leader at all. It keeps reinforcing the fact that without a common goal, you don’t have real leadership. Many artists have followers yet the artists goal is often unidentified or misinterpreted so the whole aspect of an artist being a leader becomes misunderstood sometimes I think. I really liked that after saying all this, the reading still went on to talk about how great of an Artistic leader Martha Graham was. Before this reading, I had never even heard of Martha Graham and the profound impact that she had on the world of dance. Looking at how she took something that she loved and revolutionized it is in a way inspiring for me as a student now. The reading talked about how other forms of dance such as ballet and folk dance were sort of “above” the earth: as ballet “fought the earth” and touched down on it with a pointed toe, and the fold dances weaved choral patterns over the surface, but Graham’s dance rose out of the earth. I like how it describes Grahams dance as coming out of the earth and being one with it as opposed to being over it or touching down on it. Overall, I think the artistic leader is very important, and is a type of leader that often gets overlooked. I think this is because it is often times very difficult for an artist to express a clear goal through the work that the audience can understand and grasp on to.

“Graham’s dance rose out of the earth, in a chthonic surge.” 21

Carl Stotz

Sports Leader

Before I even started reading this section of the book I was already excited about it because I am a big sports fan. I was a little confused about the first part of the article and how it started talking about George Herbert Walker and then somehow related that back to Carl Stotz and his whole story about creating little league baseball. Once again, I had no idea who Carl Stotz was or how little league even came into existence before reading this. I think it is so cool how the vision of one man to create a baseball league for kids can last this long throughout history. I think that when Carl was thinking about this grand idea, he had no idea just how successful it was going to be. I mean little league baseball is how I met some of my friends that I am still friends with today. In my opinion, one thing that made Stotz such a great leader was the vision that he had to create this baseball league for kids. A lot of people can have a vision but I think that it takes someone special fro someone to be able to take that vision and convey it to others like Carl did. Another thing that I found admirable was that until the big companies came along, he essentially did everything on his own with the help of volunteers and things. Stotz saw the endless possibilities with this league and that is what made him such a great leader to be able to actually carry out those possibilities.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Opposition proves the man; so when opposition fronts you, consider that God, like a coach, has matched you with a tough fighter.â&#x20AC;? 23

King David

Charismatic Leader

After reading this section on King David, a “charismatic” leader has a much different meaning than I had originally thought. I thought someone who was charismatic was someone like how it describes George McClellan, as someone who turned heads whenever they entered a room. Interestingly enough the charismatic leadership that this book describes King David as having is much different. In order to be a “true” charismatic leader it seems that you almost have to be appointed by God. There was a really powerful quote that I found on pg. 105 that said, “The charismatic ruler is one whose person is the source of power, outside the restraints of tradition or legal agreements.” After hearing charismatic leadership defined like that, I think this may be the most difficult type of leadership to achieve. I also think that David is the first leader that has been discussed that is an outlaw of some sorts. I think that charismatic leadership may also be the hardest to relate to because most likely none of us are going to be appointed by God to be the first leader of something. I thought it was also very interesting that the book says how this type of leadership is often always unstable and short lived. I didn’t really understand why this was at first, but it makes sense when you remember the fact that charismatic leaders are appointed by God, and have God on their side, so if they fail then it doesn’t really work out because God doesn’t fail.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The charismatic ruler is one whose person is the source of power, outside the restraints of tradition or legal agreements.â&#x20AC;? 25

Leadership is an Art Max Dupree

I really enjoyed this selection of reading by Max Dupree. I’ve always found it interesting that when you look up readings on leadership there are always different explanations and ideas that come up. I have come to find out that many of these ideas may not necessarily be right. I really enjoy the idea that Dupree has where he says the “signs of outstanding leadership appear primarily among the followers.” Everything about a leader and his or her potential success or failure can be learned from the leaders followers. If a leader is in any way successful, then that success is going to be reflected in the followers. Another point that this reading discussed was that the leaders are obligated to provide and maintain momentum. All of the leaders that we have discussed thus far in this class have shown signs of and evidence of providing momentum to their followers. In the case of Abraham Lincoln that we discussed in class, he carried a whole nation from one end of the spectrum to the other when it came to slavery All throughout his time as president he continued to provide momentum to this country. This reading also talked about the importance of communication and how important it can be to the leaders. Without communication, leaders have nothing. The basis for all leadership is communication yet no matter how great your communication is, if no one listens, all is lost. This goes back to the idea that without followers, there are no leaders.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The first responsibility of a leader is to define reality. The last is to say thank youâ&#x20AC;? 27

Steve Jobs

10 Lessons in Leadership

All 10 of these lessons that Steve Jobs gave us about leadership are extremely important I think, and very applicable to all types of leaders. The idea to simplify is a big one for me because Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve noticed that I tend to overcomplicate things. If I can learn to simplify things more then I believe that would help me to become a better leader as well as a follower. Another big lesson from this was the idea Jobs had of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Its not what you say; its how you say it.â&#x20AC;? This was big for Jobs because like the article said, not all of the things apple was putting out at the time were the best on the market, yet he was still gathering a large almost cult-like following. I believe that as leaders we must be very cautious of how we say things and the way that potential followers could interpret those things. I also noted the idea that Jobs had to strive for perfection. I believe a lot of times I tend to settle for mediocrity in many aspects of my life because it is so much easier to do that. To become a successful leader I think that it is most important that this does not happen and that we always strive for perfection. 28

“If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today? And whenever the answer has been ‘No’ for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something” 29

Steve Jobs

An Unconventional Leader

Steve Jobs took everything that we thought we knew about leadership and effectively turned it on its head. Nothing that he did reflected anything that anyone who tried to teach leadership would have told you. I think the term visionary is a great way to describe Steve Jobs in every aspect of who he was and what he did. I think the biggest lesson that I took from this was just to always expect and take nothing less than greatness. It says that Jobs said his greatest contribution to Apple was not settling for anything that wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t great. This can be applied to my life in so many different ways can make me a better leader, follower, and a overall better human.

“We have an environment where excellence is really expected”

The Leadership of Steve Jobs

I really enjoyed how this article talked about the leadership style of Jobs and how it was “situational.” I think this is very important, as if you took the leadership quality and style of Steve Jobs and applied it to another field or situation then it may not work at all. It all goes back to the triangle for if you have leaders, followers, and a common goal; and of course the right moment in time then you have the makings for a great leader like Steve Jobs. Also, it talks about Steve Jobs’ vision and how strong of a vision that he had. Not only did he have that vision but he knew how to communicate that vision with not only his employees, but potential consumers as well.

“I think the lessons for executives today are clear. Leadership style is situational – your behavior can and should vary depending on circumstances” 33

Socrates

Intellectual Leader

After completing this reading, I really enjoyed learning a little bit more about Socrates. Honestly, before this I hardly knew anything about him. I learned what an influential person (not just leader) he was during his time and how much he affected the way that people thought. It was really extraordinary how much he challenged people and why those people thought they way that they did. I feel like before him, people just kind of accepted things for the way that they were. And then here comes Socrates challenging everything that everyone thought they knew. I feel like I can learn a lot from this like donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t every take anything just simply for what it is. I think we should always challenge things to try and get a better understanding of whatever it is we are searching for.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is that I know nothingâ&#x20AC;? 35

Harriet Tubman

Radical Leader

I cannot imagine what it must have been like to be in the same room as Harriet Tubman. To experience such strong will that she had first hand must have been incredible. I did notice one thing, in many other great leaders lives that we have read about this semester there has always been that specific moment in time where something changed about that person that almost empowered them into becoming the leaders that they were. For Harriet I believe that this moment was when she tried to stop the beating of a fellow worker and received the blow to the head that almost caused her to die. It said in the reading that she was no longer scared of death because she had already experienced it once. This attitude of having â&#x20AC;&#x153;no-fearâ&#x20AC;? allowed her to free countless number of slaves without any fear of death. Not having received that blow, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not sure if her life would have turned out the way that it did.

“This is the paradox of the radical leader, that his or her very narrowness becomes a release from the general immobility induced by ‘balanced’ leaders.” 37

George Washington

Constitutional Leader

To have the type of leadership that George Washington possessed takes a very special person. He was able to see something that no one else at the time could even dream of. This is something that I believe almost all great leaders posses; a great vision. If George had told people his vision from the very beginning I think a lot of people would have thought that he was totally crazy. Honestly, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not sure that anyone else could have did what he did, effectively starting a new nation. It said even when he was commanding the army he was already working towards postwar political unity. I think as an architect this whole mentality can be adapted and used to create beautiful things. I think it is extremely important to have a vision, no matter how crazy, and see that vision through to the end.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;His honor and the nations were mutually pledged, one worthless without the other.â&#x20AC;? 39

Gandhi

Reform Leader

I really enjoyed the reading about Gandhi, in stark contrast I believe, to Harriet Tubman. It is interesting to note the vast differences in the leadership styles of these 2 individuals and yet how they both influenced and helped so many different people. I thought it was very interesting how Gandhi was so non-violent that he was almost seen as a coward by some people. The reading said that some people even saw him as a hypocrite. I believe that many important lessons can be learned from the teachings and actions of Gandhi that may even be beneficial to some of our government leaders today. If people today had the humility and passion for people and their rights that Gandhi had, I believe the world would be a much better place today.

“Correct action against evil requires correct insight.” 41

In Praise of Followers

This reading presents a very valid argument in my opinion. Throughout this entire class we have always looked at the role of the leader and the qualities and characteristics of great leaders. We have yet to analyze really anything about followers and there importance. This article does a really great job in my opinion of showing the importance and role of followers in a leader/follower setup. I thought it was interesting that some of the same qualities that the article says that followers should have, we have already discussed with previous examples in qualities that many other great leaders have. I thought this was very powerful in the fact that it stresses the importance of the follower and not just the leader.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;But in searching so zealously for better leaders we tend to lose sight of the people these leaders will leadâ&#x20AC;?

Andrew Young

Diplomatic Leader

Before this reading I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really too sure who Andrew Young was or why he is so important. After learning about his time as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations it became clear to me why he is considered such a great leader. For one to become a diplomat that person must possess very specific qualities. You must be able to balance very carefully the country you are representing as well as the country you are currently residing in. To do this well takes many skills that I think are important when being a leader, such as; communication. Andrew Young had to communicate very well in order not to cause a national crisis. Not all leaders are in positions this important yet I think all leadership positions are important in there own way.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The conditions of a diplomatic life seem inimical to leadershipâ&#x20AC;?

Martin Luther King Jr. Rhetorical Leader

Starting off with this reading I really enjoyed how the book talked about the importance of public speaking and its relationship to leadership. I thought there was a really good quote here that said, “Clearly one can be a leader – even a great one – without being a great speaker. George Washington was no orator. Nonetheless, if mobilizing others toward a goal is the task of leaders, it would be odd if words were not useful, at times, for such mobilization.” Kings rhetorical style of leadership impacted millions of people and his message is still surprisingly relevant today. I believe the fact that we are still talking about him today and studying his speeches and values show that he is one of the greatest leaders this world has ever seen.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus but a molder of consensusâ&#x20AC;?

Letter From Birmingham City Jail

Like many of the readings in this class, I have heard of them before, but I have never actually read them, this was another one. After reading this, I am very interested to see what the letter looked like that all of the clergymen sent to Martin Luther King Jr. in jail. I think that this letter speaks volumes of MLK Jr.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s character and heart because it would be very easy for him to be extremely hateful and bitter towards everyone yet he is still loving and humble and non-violent in his protests. It is hard to put myself in his shoes and see things from his point of view because I have not (nor probably ever will) face anything like that in my entire life. As a leader, I think that it is important to try and put yourself in the shoes of whomever you are leading. Likewise, as a follower you may not understand why a leader is doing something, but if you put yourself in their shoes maybe it can help to understand where they are coming from.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;So the question is not whether we will be extremists but what kind of extremists we will be. 49

The Fall of the Warrior King

This reading highlights and gives a prime example of one of the problems that can be associated with leadership; getting “power hungry” or having too much power. I don’t think that Nathan Sassaman is a bad person for what he authorized to take place, but at the same time I don’t think that it’s okay either. A lot of times when we hear of people with such honor and valor like Mr. Sassaman I think we paint a portrait of them being this heroic, invincible, god-like figure and that a person with this many credentials and achievements wouldn’t possibly ever make a mistake or do anything wrong. This reading was a good example to the fact that none of us are perfect, we are all going to make mistakes, even as leaders. As a leader, its extremely difficult when you make a mistake because all of your followers are looking at you and you have in a way let them down in trying to get to the goal.

“Sassaman didn’t do it, but he definitely knew about it. He definitely condoned it.” 51

Confucius Analects

First off, I would like to note how incredible it is that one man said all of these amazingly wise sayings that have stayed relevant throughout history. There were several of these quotes that really resonated with me. “Have no friends not equal to yourself.” It is amazing how true this can be yet how easy it is to forget sometimes. When I think of this I think of the analogy of 2 people helping each other. One person is standing in a chair and the other is on the ground. It is a whole lot easier for the person on the ground to pull the person in the chair down off the chair, than it is for the person in the chair to pull the person from the ground up to the chair. This can happen when you have friends that are “lower” than you; they can bring you down easily. Friends are supposed to encourage you, teach you something new, surprise you, etc.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Have no friends not equal to yourselfâ&#x20AC;?

Matthew 19:30, Matthew 20:25, 1 Timothy 3:2 Although these selections from The Bible are not very long at all, I believe that they are extremely powerful. These short verses are some of the most powerful examples of servant leadership I think that there are. Looking at the historical context, this type of leadership was not very common during this time. Most leaders were kings and wanted as much power as they could get their greedy hands on. When Jesus came along he basically taught that this was the exact opposite of what was right and that for one to truly lead someone, they most lower themselves to their followers as their servant. I think this is very powerful as it shows that leaders and followers arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t that different after all and that they are essentially on the same scale.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;But many that are first, shall be last, and the last shall be first.â&#x20AC;?

Silent Spring

Introduction

What amazed me the most about this reading was that it was published in 1962. Someone could have written down that exact same thing yesterday and it would have been, just as relevant today (if not more) as it was in 1962. I think this story can be especially relevant to us as designers and architects as what we do interrupts nature in a way. This reading will definitely make me in the future make design decisions that are more friendly to nature because if we keep going the way that we are, there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t going to be any nature left. I think this lesson can be applied to leadership as well because as a leader you have to be conscious of the decisions that you make and the possible repercussions that that decision may or may not have.

When painters want to represent landscapes, they stand on low ground to get a true view of the mountains and hills; they climb to the tops of the mountains to get a panorama over the valleysâ&#x20AC;? 57

Machiavelli The Prince

After reading this selection, I have mixed feelings. On one hand there are so many great lessons that can be learned from Machiavelli and his teachings, yet at the same time on the other hand, I don’t necessarily agree with some of the things that he says. In a couple instances he is almost hypocritical in what is trying to teach. Also, in some ways he is kind of cocky as he talks about all of this knowledge that he has and is trying to share with everyone. I found a great quote that I really enjoyed that said, “when painters want to represent landscapes, they stand on low ground to get a true view of the mountains and hills; they climb to the tops of the mountains to get a panorama over the valleys.” This almost can relate back to the sort of one same message that Jesus taught about servant leadership, that you have to get on the level of your followers so that you can begin to understand what they’re going through, and then effectively lead them.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Great will be your glory in not falling short of your natural characterâ&#x20AC;? 59

Behavioral Study of Obedience Stanley Milgram

Honestly, this was one of my favorite readings we have done thus far in the semester. I found it to be extremely fascinating the lengths that some of the people involved in the experiment would go to obey. For me, this taught me several lessons about obedience and when it is expected that you obey and when it may not be the best thing to obey in some situations. Blind obedience can be a bad thing and after reading this I believe I am much more likely to question something before I blindly follow what someone tells me to do.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Obedience is as basic an element in the structure of social life as one can point toâ&#x20AC;? 61

The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Ursula LeGuin

This reading was very confusing to me at first and I had to re-read several parts again to make sure I was getting everything right. It started off as a seemingly happy story about a nice town named Omelas. Then it took a surprising dark turn about tis child that remains locked away and punished so that the rest of the can live in a utopia. After reading this I thought there was a very strong comparison to the Bible and the Christ figure, as the child took all of the pain and suffering so that everyone else could live happily and not have to worry about anything. In terms of leadership, I think that this reading taught me that nobody is perfect. The town of Omelas seemed perfect looking on the outside, but when you really get down to it they had some pretty dark and dirty secrets to hide.

“But they seem to know where they are going, the ones who walk away from Omelas.” 63

2 Samuel Chapter 11

King David was said by God to be a man after his own heart. After reading this passage it certainly does not seem that way as he breaks the 7th of the 10 commandments by committing adultery with a woman whom he saw bathing on the roof named Bathsheba. It is no question that David was a leader during his time as King. He had the responsibility of giving military commands as well as leading his people. It is believed that David was at the peak of his political career, and him being known for his professed faith in God, stumbles morally. I believe out of this story, several leadership lessons can be learned. To begin, the idea of moral authority comes to mind. Leaders need moral authority in order to be effective in my opinion. With David he lost his moral authority within his own family and with the commanders of his army. In the political realm moral authority is particularly important because they are the ones that make, proclaim, and administer the laws, so if there is no moral authority as political leaders then that is not good. 64

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Let not this displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city and overthrow it. 65

The Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln

The fact that this speech is so short, and yet still so powerful really stood out to me after I read this. The concise way that he says all of these things is so eloquent and direct it is really amazing. I really enjoyed how Lincoln addressed the 3 aspects of time, and discussed the past and how the country was founded on the principle that all men are created equal, then he moves to the present where he discusses the current civil war they were in and how if they continue down this path, it is not going to end up well, and then he discusses the future and how this nation is going to experience a new birth of freedom. One of the things that made Lincoln such a great leader in my opinion is he recognized the moment in time and knew if he did not do something then the country that he loved could potentially fall apart.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.â&#x20AC;?

The Declaration of Independence

I cannot begin to imagine what was going through the minds of the 56 men that sat together and drafted this document. It must have been extremely terrifying to write this to their king at the time and basically tell him the reason why they hate him and are separating themselves from him. They had to have feared backlash from him because these colonies of England made the king a lot of money and without them he would be losing a lot of money. Every single one of these men recognized the moment in time and decided to step up and be leaders and take back the rights that they knew they, and the rest of the American people deserved. I thought it was almost funny in a way that they began to name off every single thing that the king was doing to them that wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t right. I think its important sometimes as leaders to step up and take control of the situation that you are in just like the 56 men that signed the Declaration of Independence did.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;By Authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent statesâ&#x20AC;? 69

Shooting an Elephant George Orwell

I thought that this was a very interesting reading and was not entirely sure what it had to do with leadership in the first part of the reading. As I got to the end of the reading, it became very evident to me that the main point of leadership this reading highlighted. As leaders sometimes we are going to be put into situations in which we do not feel comfortable. One thing that I struggle with sometimes is wondering what I am going to look like or how I am going to be perceived in front of others. This reading really helped show me that most of the time it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t matter how many people think youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re a fool or are stupid, you must always do the right thing. The policeman shot the elephant and he instantly regretted it, all because he didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to be perceived as a fool in front of the crowd of people.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool.â&#x20AC;? 71

Top 20 Case Study

After reading all of the readings under the “Top 20” case study, I learned several things about leadership and what they mean to actually be in practice. One of the biggest things that stood out to me was during the inaugural address the part about Clemson as an “idea”. I thought this was the time when the architectural background of President Barker came into play because otherwise I do not know if this would have even been a consideration for the speech. The concept of this school and everything that has to do with it is an idea means that anything is possible and that it is possible to achieve this Top 20 ranking. I think it says something about President Barker’s leadership and its boldness when the idea of the Top 20 came into existence. Obviously it was a good thing, but the board could have reacted in the complete opposite manner and not liked the idea at all. As leaders we must make decisions like these and be fully prepared for the consequences and results of our actions.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;As an architect, I have great respect for the power of an idea, and Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learned that the finest ideas come quickly in a flash of genius, yet they have the substance to transcend time and grow more compelling and engaging 73

Confederate Flag Debate Case Study

This subject is one that is very touchy and could have caused a lot of people to either hate you or love you at the same time. I think this was a very tough situation to be put into, and I am glad that I did not have any say in this matter. After reading this, it really reminded me of the story that we read about President Lincoln and the decisions that he had to make about slavery and what he personally felt. I forget which reading it was but I remember seeing a quote about Lincoln and how he personally did not really have a problem with slavery but he knew that that idea would never get him elected as president so he had to come up with a solution that satisfied all parties in the matter. This is sort of the same idea with this confederate flag and how President Barker felt as if the flag should be removed immediately, but if he came right out and said that, he may have displeased a lot of people. So he did it very eloquently and all in right timing.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Our debate should center on which of these symbols will best represent us and the kind of future we want to build for South Carolina.â&#x20AC;? 75

NCAA Investigation Case Study

I cannot imagine having a scarier time as a university President as during this almost investigation. To most people on the outside of the school, the entire university is the football program, they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see anything other than that and honestly donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t care about anything other than that. So when something as this comes up about a school it can be devastating. The leadership that was employed during this situation was extremely important in my opinion as President Barker had to come across very stern so that people understood that he meant business and yet still have the football staff know that he was on their side. We talked about a fine line that leaders must walk on and I think this was a great example of a true leader walking that line.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We intend to win and win with integrity. I will tolerate nothing less.â&#x20AC;? 77

Hospitality to Visitors Case Study

The hospitality that Clemson has to its visitors on game days is second to none in the whole country I believe. I hear countless stories and opinions from people who have never been here before and they cannot say enough about the good and friendly attitude of everyone here at Clemson. Just like the readings say I think one of the strongest things about Clemson is its â&#x20AC;&#x153;sense of familyâ&#x20AC;? and how everyone here feels welcome. I think it was a great recognition of the moment in time by President Barker in seeing that this needed to be addressed and he addressed it in perfect timing. That is an important leadership lesson that can be learned from this, that timing is everything and it is important that decisions are made all in the right timing.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Any other path we choose will not honor Clemson traditions and character. In fact, any other path could devalue the concept of the Clemson Familyâ&#x20AC;? 79

Fight at USC Game Case Study

I remember this the day it happened. I was at home watching the game with my family and then I remember everyone that I was watching it with started to yell and scream at the TV, and I was very confused at what was going on at first. As soon as I figured out what was going on I could not take my eyes away from the screen as I tried to further figure out what was going on. After reading all of these readings about the fight, there was a lot of information that was not shared with everyone at that time. The leadership aspects that were at play here had a significant impact on not only the school, but the football program. The couplet, head vs heart comes into mind when thinking about the decision that had to be made whether or not to accept the bowl invitation or not.

“This is more than just a football issue. The circumstances surrounding Saturday’s game have impacted the perception of the university” 81

“How America’s Dullest City Got Cool” Colin Woodward

This was a very interesting read and I’m glad that we got to discuss it with Kate. I had never realized how much of an impact that leadership can have on the growth and development of a city. After reading this article it is clear to see that if it were not for the bold visions of a couple of people then the city of Des Moines would not even be close to what it is today. Just like we discussed in class, often times coming out of school, at least for me, I only think about going to a big city to begin practicing architecture. However, it may be smarter to begin to look at some of these cities like Des Moines that are growing at a very rapid pace, where the jobs are lucrative and just as important, and maybe more important than some of the jobs in a bigger city.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This is a space for new ideas, and whenever new ideas manage to catch on in this town they really reverberate.â&#x20AC;? 83

Leadership Principles 1. Leadership is chasing vision not money 2. Actions speak louder than words 3. Its OK to admit youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re wrong 4. Successful leaders are self-aware 5. Money is overvalued 6. Follow your heart 7. Surround yourself with people that are different than you. 8. Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions 9. Have a dream that will leave this world a better place 10. Be willing to stand alone 11. Let God be your guide 84

12. Strive for excellence and you will motivate others to do the same

Bumper Stickers 1. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t believe everything you think 2. Little things can make a big difference 3. Efficiency is doing the thing right, but effectiveness is doing the right thing 4. Challenge the process 5. I admit I made a mistake 6. Work hard and become a leader, be lazy and never succeed 7. A person who wants to lead the orchestra, must turn his back on the crowd 8. The most pathetic person in the world is someone who has sight, but no vision 9. Act out your mission 10. The superior man is correctly firm, and not firm merely 11. Have no friends not equal to yourself 12. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them

Problems of Leadership

â&#x20AC;˘ In the case of Napoleon I think it is easy to see a major problem of leadership is learning when and how to let go of your power. He did not know how to do this and ended his life and career not half as good as it could have been. George Washington on the other hand knew exactly how to let go of his leadership and did it with dignity. â&#x20AC;˘ I believe another problem of leadership is not staying true to your values when you gain power. Looking at the antitype of Stephen Douglas it is easy to see that he did not stay true to his values when he gained political power. By passing the Kansas-Nebraska Act he directly wen against the Missouri Compromise just so that he could gain more supporters in the South by allowing slavery in the west, if the individual states wanted it.

All Quotes

“But all politicians need some of an actors abilities” “A good leader mush know what is appealing to followers, and what risks that appeal.” “He had to know, to a centimeter, the line that divides pity from compassion, condescension from cooperation, mere sympathy from real support.” “He wanted his own way. But he knew that the way to get it was not to ‘impose’ it.” “When a policeman told her she could not, by state law, sit on the black side of an audience in Alabama, she took a chair and placed it firmly in the middle of the aisle.” “She was never ashamed of using her connections, and her husbands, to help others.” “The moderate leader must walk a delicate line, addressing opposite camps.” “Those who reject the moderate leader because only a radical protest is ‘authentic’ will never understand the need more ordinary people have for help to meet life’s daily problems.”

“Few wars conclude with the limited goals originally sought.” “The aim of such an army was not only to protect valuable territory but to protect its valuable self.” “Napoleon saw the limits of what could be done – by his enemies, by himself, by his troops – and used those limits to baffle his foes.” “He is all eye, all steady gaze. I am reminded of the way Muhammad Ali carried his head high, swerving from punches, not ducking, unblinking. Most fighters fight blind a good deal of the time, in the ring or in the field.” “He was able to minister to the soul of a nation.” “The artist suffers, but gains from his suffering, because it severs him from ‘the herd’.” “Graham’s dance rose out of the earth, in a chthonic surge.” “Opposition proves the man; so when opposition fronts you, consider that God, like a coach, has matched you with a tough fighter.” “Stotz was not only good at formulating his own vision but at conveying it to others.” “The charismatic ruler is one whose person is the source of power, outside the restraints of tradition or legal agreements.” “So long as the charismatic leader is performing wonders, few doubt his semi-divine powers. But when conquest yields to stabilization, youth to age, fabulous exploits to everyday reality, how can charisma by ‘routinized’?” “That is the grimmest lesson of charismatic rule. It is always unstable, often short-lived, and at odds with its own foundation.” 88

“Highly accomplished people have an inner voice and pay attention to it.” “He who began as an agent of the Fairfaxes kept clear in his mind that he was an agent of congress when leading warriors, and an agent of the people when governing. He wielded power by yielding it.” “His honor and the nations were mutually pledged, one worthless without the other.” “What made for such leadership? His contemporaries gave it the simple but majestic name of ‘virtue’.” “Washington’s massive determination, yet principled submission” “Single minded leaders are prophets to their admirers, fanatics to their critics” “Cast your whole vote, not a strip of paper merely, but your whole influence.” “Her discipline shows in the treatment of her family” “This is the paradox of the radical leader, that his or her very narrowness becomes a release from the general immobility induced by ‘balanced’ leaders.” “But a leader who sees infinite suffering in a single individual arrives at a higher sanity by way of “unbalanced” concentration on specific injustices.” “Correct action against evil requires correct insight.” “To endure blows long enough is to unnerve the arm that strikes them, and win over the directing mind.” “Every moment has to endure the collapse of its heroes” “But in searching so zealously for better leaders we tend to lose sight of the people these leaders will lead” “The conditions of a diplomatic life seem inimical to leadership” “The ‘effect’ the orator intended is in the ‘affect’ of the audience, and only popular reaction and approval can test that” 89

“The antitype to rhetorical leadership can supplement it but not entirely replace it.” “Young was born between worlds, not really part of any one situation.” “The man who had come to teach had a great deal to learn” “Kerr thought he was lacking a few fringe students out of the university. But when at last he got the great door turned on its hinge and slammed fully shut, he found that he had locked himself out.” “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere” “Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.” “Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever” “So the question is not whether we will be extremists but, but what kind of extremists we will be. Will we be extremists for hate or love? “In those days the church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles of popular opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society.” “Nonviolence demands that the means we use must be as pure as the ends we seek.” “The last temptation is the greatest treason: To do the right deed for the wrong reason.” “Sassaman didn’t do it, but he definitely knew about it. He definitely condoned it.” “Have no friends not equal to yourself” “To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage” “The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress.” “The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.” 90

“But many that are first, shall be last, and the last shall be first.” “Therefore an overseer must be above reproach, the husband of one wife, soberminded, self controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach.” “When painters want to represent landscapes, they stand on low ground to get a true view of the mountains and hills; they climb to the tops of the mountains to get a panorama over the valleys…” “He should not be afraid of his own thoughts; he ought to proceed cautiously, moderating his conduct with prudence and humanity, allowing neither overconfidence to make him careless, nor over timidity to make him intolerable.” “Comfort, therefore, not condolence, is what I have to offer to the parents of the dead who may be here.” “Great will be your glory in not falling short of your natural character; and greatest will be hers who is least talked about among the men, whether for good or for bad.” “But the palm of courage will surely be adjudged most justly to those, who best know the difference between hardship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to shrink from danger. “Since the good action has blotted out the bad, and his merit as a citizen more than outweighed his demerits as an individual.” “But they seem to know where they are going, the ones who walk away from Omelas.” “Even for the most richly gifted presidents, history is the greatest chastener.” “Let not this displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city and overthrow it. 91

“A new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” “That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, an the pursuit of Happiness.” “By Authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent states” “Oh, let none fall heir to the pains of perdition through words or acts of ours.” “Be mercifully inclined toward all who would do us offense in our persons or our property.” “People don’t buy what you do, they buy why you do it.” “What you do simply serves as the PROOF of what you believe.” “I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys.” “I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool.”