s s o tL
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n a w i a T w Ho idizes ion s t b e l u p S e D a Tun
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www.greenpeace.org.tw
Without healthy marine resources, distant water fisheries will not thrive, regardless of the amount of subsidies or the size of the budget. 27/06/2006 Š Greenpeace / Gavin Newman
Contents + Executive Summary Report 1. Taiwan is paying for the distant water fishing industry with resource depletion 2. The budget set to subsidize the distant water fishing industry from the Fisheries Agency is benefiting only 5% of the total population involved n the fishing industry. 3. 75% of the budget set by the Fisheries Agency is used for increasing output value 4. Conclusion and Suggestions
Methodology Reference
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
01
Taiwan accounts for 30% of fishing vessels in the Western and Central Pacific, where the marine resources are in serious crisis. 13/06/2011 © Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
Executive Summary Taiwan is the largest distant water fishing power in the Western and Central Pacific, where 60% of the world’s tuna come from. However tuna populations in the region are facing an overfishing crisis. Among the four species of tuna fished in the area, three species are already on the redlist of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Taiwan’s distant water fishing relies heavily on fish resources in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), resulting in high gasoline costs. Thus Taiwan’s distant water fishing industry faces some huge challenges ahead: the depletion of resources and fish, as well as high oil prices internationally. In order to resolve this, the Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan (行政院農業委員會漁業署) has spent taxpayers' money to subsidize the rising costs, in turn contributing to overfishing. Greenpeace analyzed the budget of the distant water fishing industry from the Fisheries Agency. From 2002 until now and has discovered: 1、 The Fisheries Agency neglects the reality of resource depletion. It continues to use taxpayers’ money to subsidize the distant water fishing industry, which makes it an accomplice in the destruction of tuna resources. 2、The Fisheries Agency had spent TWD 16 billion (over 382 million euro)on the distant water fishing industry in the period 2002 to 2010. Of the total, about 75% was used to increase the capacity of the fleet, including subsidization of gasoline for vessels and vessels buyback programs. The Fisheries Agency has yet to control the number of new fishing vessels, even though Taiwan is facing international pressure to reduce fishing capacity. All these lead to the increase of total tonnage of Taiwanese vessels in WCPO. Only less than 3% of the total budget was used to research and explore “possibly effective resources management”. 3、There are about 18,000 people, which accounts for 5% of Taiwan’s population, involved in the distant water fishing industry. The majority of them are managers, not front line fishermen. 4、The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) contribution of the distant water fishing industry accounted for an annual 0.25% during the period of 2002 to 2009, which is about TWD 30 billion (over 717 million euro). Distant water fishing industry contributed 46% productive value for the whole fishing industry in Taiwan.
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
Greenpeace recommendations: 1、 The Fisheries Agency must deal with the issue of resources depletion when it sets the budget. With regard to the 75% of the budget spent on enhancing the output of the distant water fishing industry, we demand the Fisheries Agency evaluate whether the money poured into each item is being used wisely. The agency should consider sustainable development, both conceptually and practically. 2、 In participating in international policy negotiations (such as Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, or RFMOs), the Fisheries Agency should proactively investigate and support global marine reserve proposals, in order to better fulfill its responsibility to protect the entire marine ecosystem. Its fisheries policies should be based on the precautionary principle. In regards to Taiwan’s largest fishing ground the Western and Central Pacific, we demand the Fisheries Agency support for the following measures at the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission : ● ●
●
Reducing 50% of tuna fishing effort in the Western and Central Pacific. Closing the Pacific Commons, four high seas pockets in between national waters of Pacific Island Nations, for the restoration of tuna populations, the future of the Pacific Ocean and to halt illegal fishing and destructive overfishing. Banning the use of artificial fish aggregating devices (FADs) in purse seine fisheries.
Three out of four tuna species in the Western and Central Pacific are red-listed by IUCN. The picture shows a pile of yellow-fin tuna, which has been red-listed since July, 2011. 25/09/2006 © Greenpeace / Alex Hofford
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Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
03
1.
Taiwan is paying for the distant water fishing industry with resource depletion
Taiwan is the largest distant water fishing operator in the Western and Central Pacific, which provides 60% 1 of the world’s tuna with 1,953 vessels currently registered under Taiwan’s flag 2 , accounting for 30% of total distant water fishing vessels in the region. But this region, a major Taiwanese fishing ground, is now experiencing a serious tuna crisis . 3 According to the redlist of endangered species published by IUCN 4 , the most important tuna species in the Western and Central Pacific such as the big-eye tuna, yellow-fin tuna and albacore are now listed as vulnerable and near threatened Across the world, 5 out of 8 tuna species, such as the Southern Bluefin tuna and Atlantic Bluefin tuna, are on the redlist. Despite this precarious situation, the large fleet of Taiwanese vessels still employ high-tech and industrial methods to fish in the Western and Central Pacific, where total catches (of all nationalities)reached a peak of 2.46 million tons in 2009. Why are the Taiwanese vessels leading the plunder of the Pacific tuna to oblivion and how exactly can they afford to do this despite declining resources? As tuna becomes more scarce, the operating costs of the fishing fleets increase. For example vessel operators have to spend more on gasoline, which accounts for 40% of total costs, in order to remain in operation in the Western and Central Pacific regions.
Distant Water tuna resource depletion and rising crude oil prices are recognized by both the industry and the government ●
The Fisheries Agency (Survey of the distant water fishing industry operators 2009) 5 ：
The international crude oil price has risen rapidly in the last 2 years, which has led to high operating costs for the vessels. Consequently, the (distant water) fishing industry had recorded net losses in recent years. In addition to that, pressure from international organizations calling for the protection of fish resources has led to rising costs in fishing operations. ●
The Fisheries Agency (Management and restructuring of the distant water fishing industry) 6 ：
Due to rising international crude oil prices and the difficulty in raising market fish prices, Taiwan’s distant water fishing industry is facing a difficult operational environment with high costs. ●
Council of Agriculture, the Executive Yuan (Agricultural policy and situations) 7 ：
Gasoline for tuna vessels accounts for up to 40.7% of the total costs. For the squid fishing vessels, gasoline is 53% or more of the total costs. Gasoline is an important expense for the overall costs. However, in the context of international free trade, the market price for fish has had little space to grow. With shrinking resources and large catch capacities under high-cost operations, salaries of front line fishermen have experienced limited growth. ●
People involved in the distant water fishing industry 8 ：
In the context of high gasoline price and depleted resources, the distant water fishing industry is an aging industry. It’s time to reform.
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
2.
The budget set to subsidize the distant water fishing industry from the Fisheries Agency is benefiting only 5% of the total population involved in the fishing industry.
According to one estimate, only 5% 9 of the fishing population is involved in the distant water fishing industry. Among the front line fishermen, the number of immigrant fisherman is 5 to 6 times higher than the number of Taiwanese fishermen 10 . For those Taiwanese nationals who are currently in the distant water fishing industry, many are owners of vessels or involved in the running of corporations but not front line fishermen. In other words, the money handed out by the government is not directly going into the pockets of the fishermen. According to the annual reports of the Fisheries Agency in 2009 11 , “the distant water fishing industry is managed and invested by corporations.” In the same year, a survey of the distant water fishing industry mentioned, “the traditional tuna long-line fishery in the Pacific recorded operational costs of TWD 40 million per year, while frozen long-line fishery has an annual operational cost of TWD 60 million (954 000 euro). For the skipjack tuna purse-seine fishery, the total yearly operational cost is close to TWD 100 million (over 2 300 000 euro).” A distant water fishing operator also said, “The development of distant water fisheries requires large, modern vessels. In order to build a new vessel, the investment would be TWD 300 million, 500 million or above. For instance, a new 700-ton vessel costs TWD 200 million. The basic operational expenses for such a vessel is TWD 40 million or above. Thirteen vessels plus another two reefers will mean total assets up to TWD 3 billion 12 .” In addition, a fishing corporation official commented that, “the most expensive American made frozen purse-seine costs TWD 500 million 13 .” When the Fisheries Agency said that it tried to allocate resources to protect the rights of fishermen and support the distant water fishing industry, it is in fact handing out money to big, wealthy corporations. Meanwhile, the distant water fishing industry is only contributing 0.25% of Taiwan’s annual GDP 14 since 2002, though its productive value accounts for 46% 15 of the overall fishing industry.
The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) contribution of the distant water fishing industry accounted for 0.25% of the budget in the period 2002 to 2009, which is about TWD 30 billion. The output value of the industry was 46% for the whole fishing industry in Taiwan.
04
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
05
3.
75% of the budget set by the Fisheries Agency is used for increasing output value.
Greenpeace analyzed 11 budget items from the Fisheries Agency in the period of 2002 to 2010 and organized them in three categories: “possibly effective resource management”, 16 “increasing distant water fishing capacity” and “unclear assistance for resource management” . We discovered that in the total budget of TWD 11.6 billion, around 75% of funds were used to increase fishing while less than 3% of the budget was used in developing sustainable resource management.
Graphic 2: Budget structure of the distant water fishing industry from 2002 to 2010 by the Fisheries Agency 17 ● Possibly effective resource management：
282,992,500 2.42 %
2,709,959,000 23.19 %
Since 2002, there were about TWD 80 million add euros!! being used in this segment, which was about 2.42% of the total budget. Money was used in collecting catch information, conducting scientific researches about fish species and mixed breeds according to the demands of international fisheries commissions, and inviting scholars for bilateral scientific conferences and seminars. ●
8,692,985,304 74.39 %
Increasing distant water fishing capacity：
Since 2002, an expenditure of TWD 8.6 billion (add euros) was used in this segment, which was about 74.39% of the total budget. Money was used in subsidizing gasoline costs, rewarding programs, encouraging Taiwanese people to work in the vessels, subsidizing the industry during moratorium, scrapping vessels and passing on the costs of the distant water fishing industry to taxpayers. ●
Unclear assistance for resource management：
Since 2002, there were about TWD 2.7 billion (Add Euros) spending in this segment, which was about 23.19% of the total budget. Money was used in the observer system, patrolling management and industry management. However the illegal practices in the distant water by Taiwanese vessels were not under control and the Fisheries Agency mainly planned the industry development as affairs coordination and planning.
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
3.1 Possibly effective resource management This money was used to collect catch information, conducting scientific research about fish species in response to the demands of international fisheries commissions, as well as to invite scholars to scientific conferences and seminars. However, research results were not published on the website of the Fisheries Agency and there are no signs to show that the Fisheries Agency would use the research results to proactively develop sustainable policies for the fishing industry.
3.2 Increasing capacity for distant water fishing in-
dustry: Subsidizing the costs of the industry which should be shouldered by the industry.
The saved costs helped boost the profits of the operators and expand their catch capacities. ● In the period of 2002 to 2010, the Fisheries Agency spent TWD 4 billion in subsidizing the industry’s gasoline costs. ● Putting aside gasoline subsidies, the Fisheries Agency had handed out TWD 300 million to the industry. ● Without in-depth considerations of sustainable development, the government recklessly encouraged people to work on distant water vessels. This caused the dilemma of workers having been trained but without fish to catch. ● The Fisheries Agency is not yet able to solve the problems of the over development and the excess of catch capacity of its fishing industry. ● Taiwan’s total catch capacity in the Western and Central Pacific has increased for the past few years, even though the government tried to scrap vessels and launch buy-back programs.
The Fisheries Agency started to subsidize the gasoline costs of the distant water fishing industry in 2002 by allowing tariff-free gasoline purchases and a gasoline price 40 to 50% lower for the distant water fishing industry. The agency even set up a group to implementing subsidies. However, the skyrocketing international crude oil price also lead to even further subsidies. Compared with the subsidization of TWD 180 million in 2003, the monetary hand-out for gasoline increased to TWD 650 million in 2010 . (Unit: TWD) Subsidization for gasoline
Graphic 3: Budget breakdowns of the distant water fishing industry
06
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
07
Subsidization for gasolineďźš The Fisheries Agency started to subsidize the gasoline costs of the distant water fishing industry in 2002 by allowing tariff-free gasoline purchases and a gasoline price 40 to 50% lower for the distant water fishing industry. The agency even set up a group to implementing subsidies. However, the skyrocketing international crude oil price also lead to even further subsidies. Compared with the subsidization of TWD 180 million in 2003, the monetary handout for gasoline increased to TWD 650 million in 2010
18
.
Vessels scrapped and buy-back programsďźš The Fisheries Agency had never set policies to reduce Taiwanese vessels, until in 2005, it started to eliminate small and medium vessels because the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) imposed sanctions on Taiwan for its large scale illegal fishing activities. By comparing the vessel information of the Western and Central Pacific, Greenpeace discovered that the vessel reductions of Taiwan in recent years cannot attain the goals of the marine reserve, and also increases the catch capacity and agency subsidies. The Fisheries Agency responded to the demand from ICCAT by reducing 160 large long-line tuna vessels and 23 large big-eye tuna vessels in the period of 2005 to 2008. In the years 2007 and 2008, the number of Taiwanese long-line vessels and trawlers were also reduced. Altogether, there were 338 vessels reduced from 2005 to 2008 for a buy-back cost of TWD 3.8 billion 19
Graphic 4: Distant water fishing vessels reductions through the vessel scrapped and buy-back programs from 2005 to 2008 Year
Types
Number
Total tons
Total acquisition cost (TWD)
2005
100 tons or above long-line vessels
59
26,465
793,950,000
2006
100 tons or above long-line vessels
101
60,755
1,822,650,000
100 tons or above long-line vessels
23
15,042
451,260,000
100 tons or above trawler
57
9,890
314,820,000
20-100 tons long-line vessels
5
199
9,710,000
100 tons or above long-line vessels
32
14,820
325,084,000
100 tons or above trawler
7
2,041
52,558,000
100 tons or below trawler
13
373
17,954,000
20 to 100 tons long-line vessels
1
47
2,230,000
20 tons or below long-line vessels
25
263
15,800,000
Others
15
274
13,970,000
Total
338
130,169
3,819,986,000
2007
2008
Greenpeace compared information from the Fisheries Agency and the information handed in by the Fisheries Agency to the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission from 2001 to 2011 20 . We discovered in that period there were 606 vessels eliminated, but another 466 vessels added with capacities of an extra 8,000 net tons. Considering this, we question how effective the policies of the Fisheries Agency have been. The Agency tries to reduce the number of vessels on the books but in fact capital given to the industry allows them to enhance their fishing capacity. The Fisheries Agency must explain why it says it is reducing fishing effort when in fact it is increasing it.
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
Graphic 5: Comparison of scrapped vessels and newly-built vessels in the Central and Western Pacific from 2001 to 2011 Types
Number
Tonnage
Other small vessels
492
3,751
100 tons or below long-line vessels
12
673
100 tons or above long-line vessels
99
32,845
Tuna purse-seine vessels
3
3,079
Vessels reduced or scrapped
606
40,348
466
48,261
-140
7,913
Total new vessels built Net Increase
Developing the distant water fishing industry： Expenses for all the fish resource analyses, trainings for staff on the vessels, vessels operations and management, as well as conferences and seminars totaled TWD 400 million since 2002.
Enhancing the distant water fishing capacity： Besides subsidizing gasoline costs, the Fisheries Agency also gave an extra TWD 300 million in rewards to the industry in 2009 and 2010 21 due to the industry being hit by the global economic crisis, high crude oil prices and the stricter monitoring of overfishing activities, which led to lower catch numbers. By referencing other countries’ policy, the Fisheries Agency implemented reward measures to increase the competitive edge of the industry. But before the Fisheries Agency continues this kind of reward system, it should consider whether the other countries' practices could be directly applied in Taiwan. The Fisheries Agency must evaluating the current fish resources and reasonable fishing capacity before it blindly follows what others do and subsidizes the industry at large.
Subsidization during moratorium： he concept of a moratorium originally was created to assist the industry in maintaining a set fishing capacity. However, the Fisheries Agency missed the main point: to create a sustainable framework for the industry. However, the Fisheries Agency then, began directly pouring money into vessels during the moratorium. Since 2006, a total of 154 vessels stopped fishing. But after that, they did not stop their overfishing practices in oceans with resource scarcity.
Rewarding Taiwanese to work in distant water vessels： In order to encourage the Taiwanese to work in the distant water vessels, the Fisheries Agency subsidizes another TWD 20,000 per worker on top of the basic salary for operators of TWD 17,280 per month, which is the so-called "salary" of immigrant workers. The aim of the Fisheries Agency is to train up seaman cadres (or crew?) for the fishing industry in the long run. However, without substantial considerations given to a sustainable and steady supply of fish resources in the oceans, the result of such a policy should be called into question, as the core seaman cadres are placed in the dilemma of having well-trained skills in an unsustainable industry suffering from resource depletion and thus an uncertain future.
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Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
09
3.3 Unclear assistance for resource management This refers to the observer and patrolling systems having limited scope and effect. Also, the budget set for the distant water fishing industry is basically put under the categories of affairs coordination and cooperative planning. These are ineffective in showing the result of resource management.
The Observer System： The number and role of the observer is too limited. According to investigations, observers will usually have disagreements with the operators about by-catch when filling out records such as catch quantities. About 40% of the observers come to a compromise with the operators in order to reduce conflicts, so the true figures are not reflected in these records 22
The Patrolling System： The Patrolling vessels – Patrol vessel No.1, Patrol vessel No.2 and Patrol vessel No.3 – will share their patrolling times and locations 23 on the website before they start their missions and give distant water fishing vessels advanced notice. However, the Fisheries Agency did not disclose the results nor the details of the work of its three patrolling vessels on its website or in annual reports.
The management of the distant water fishing industry： In figures shown in the Fisheries Agency’s 2010 and 2011 budgets, most of the money is used for subsidies, including subsidizing related internal and external organizations, international fishing industry planning, coordination of external affairs, adding facilities for the fishing industry, enhancing internal and external bases for the fishing industry, donations to some fishing industry foundations and financially assisting multi-lateral discussions among the fishermen. The whole budget was not set with an aim of sustainable resource management, but rather was decided in the context of affair coordination and internal cooperative planning.
Offloading fish catch from a frozen fish tank
13/06/2011
© Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
If FA fails to change its policies that encourage the over exploitation of tuna and other important marine resources, Taiwan will become a global leader in oceans destruction. 13/06/2011 © Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
4.
Conclusion and Suggestions
In the context of shrinking tuna resources and the skyrocketing gasoline price, the Fisheries Agency has distorted the real competitive edge of Taiwan’s distant water fishing industry for the past 9 years. The 75% subsidies for operational costs, increasing output capacity and rewards did not improve Taiwan’s fishing industry but rather contributed to the depletion of tuna resources in the Central and Western Pacific and damaged the future economic performance of the fleets. With a lack of comprehensive plans for the sustainable development of the fishery industry, the Fisheries Agency’s policy of scrapping distant water vessels and buy-back programs were in vain. In the meantime, less than 3% of the the subsidies from the Fisheries Agency since 2002 were used in “possibly effective management of resources” to create a fish-rich future for the distant water fishing industry. Therefore, in terms of budget setting, Greenpeace believes that the Fisheries Agency should proactively launch research technologies to estimate fish resources, key to creating sustainable reform of its distant water fishing industry. With regard to the 75% budget used for distant water fishing industry from 2002 to 2010, , the Fisheries Agency should reconsider where the money should be allocated in future budgets. The closure of some of Pacific Commons to purse-seine fishing and forbidding the use of artificial fish aggregating devices in some periods are alone not enough restore our oceans to health. Although Taiwan had tried to comply with some international marine reserve measures in the past, the continued fishing by Taiwan of 3 out of 4 on-the-vergeof-extinction tuna species on the IUCN redlist in the WCPO is a clear sign that Taiwan must do more to reduce fishing effort and capacity. Greenpeace strongly urges Taiwan should actively support effective marine reserve measures in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission this year. These include: (1) A complete closure of some high-seas pockets in the Pacific Commons to all fishing including long-lining(2) a 50% reduction in the overall tuna fishing effort and (3) Forbidding the use of artificial fish aggregating devices in purse seine fisheries. Greenpeace believes that the restoration of fish populations is the only long term solution for the economic performance of the fishing sector of Taiwan and, along with the creation of a global network of marine reserves, key to delivering healthy, living oceans to future generations.
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Net Loss: How Taiwan Subsidizes Tuna Depletion
11
Methodology
Data collected in this research is based on the budget accounts and statements in the budget system of the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan), the annual reports of the Fisheries Agency for the past 10 years, statistical reports of the Fisheries Agency, annual economic survey of the fishermen, as well as the comparison of practical implementation and budgets on the books. Cross-comparisons have also been made between practical implementations and budget data collected from various legislators. Limitations of data collection include some budget items that have been put as sub-categories, so that researchers of this report had to extract some individual items for budget calculations. Meanwhile, some details of the budgets from the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) are simply outlines. Some details of the budgets have not been released. In addition, the Fisheries Agency moved budget items into different categories, such as the gasoline subsidy in 2005 for the distant water fishing industry, which had been put under the fishing industry development fund, instead of under the category “Public Budget”. The budget analysis of Greenpeace in this report is divided into 3 sections, including “possibly effective resource management”, “increasing distant water fishing capacity” and “unclear assistance for resource management”. “Possibly effective resource management” refers to the related research and management measures that can support the restoration of fish resources. But those measures need further assessment. “Increasing distant water fishing” refers to the subsidization of the Fisheries Agency and the costs should be shouldered by the industry, so that higher profits are generated with lower operational costs. Or it means the money has been used for expanding capacities, vessel buy-back and building new vessels. These are regarded as measures unable to restore fish resources. The definition of “unclear assistance for resource management” include policies such as the observer system and patrolling system for spotting illegal practices. These are considered to be effective resource management tools but in fact the impacts are minimal. Lastly, the budget management of the distant water fishing industry is mainly included in “affairs coordination” and “cooperative planning”, which does not fall under the categories of effective resource management.
Appendix Source: Annual reports of the Fishing Industry from 1999 to 2009
Appendix 1: Employment rate of the distant water fishing industry compared to the overall fishing industry from 1999 to 2009
1999
Employment (Person)
Employment in the fishing industry (Person)
People involved in distant water fishing industry (Person)
Employment rate of the distant water fishing industry compared to the overall fishing industry
Employment rate of the distant water fishing industry compared to the overall employment
9,668,000
304,207
19,859
6.53%
0.21%
2000
9,784,000
314,099
21,274
6.77%
0.22%
2001
9,832,000
323,406
18,386
5.69%
0.19%
2002
9,969,000
342,594
19,338
5.64%
0.19%
2003
10,076,000
345,302
17,878
5.18%
0.18%
2004
10,240,000
346,343
17,619
5.09%
0.17%
2005
10,371,000
351,703
17,157
4.88%
0.17%
2006
10,522,000
354,095
17,287
4.88%
0.16%
2007
10,713,000
336,182
17,406
5.18%
0.16%
2008
10,853,000
351,460
17,396
4.95%
0.16%
2009
10,917,000
340,938
16,287
4.78%
0.15%
Appendix 2: Nearly 75% of the budget set by the Fisheries Agency is used for increasing output value 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
sum
percentage
Possibly effective resource management
2.42%
Strengthen reasonable ocean fisheries management
15,856,000
15,955,000 22,849,000
26,330,000
39,550,000
40,260,000
28,382,500 29,875,000 32,050,000
251,107,500
Enhancing the International technological fisheries cooperation
5,130,000
6,117,000
3,063,000
2,900,000
2,880,000
2,030,000
31,885,000
6,305,000
1,860,000
1,600,000
74.39%
Increasing distant water fishing capacity Gasoline subsidy
188,597,744 357,017,405 564,668,506 507,581,354
516,885,105
682,692,836 570,958,161 658,061,693 4,046,462,804
Enhancing the operations of the distant water fishing vessels Rewarding Taiwanese to work in the distant water 240,000 fishing vessels
840,000
240,000
Subsidization for moratorium Developing distant water 46,044,000 fishing industry
55,925,000 44,946,000
42,410,000
224,280,000 67,176,000
291,456,000
12,180,000 10,826,000
25,736,000
45,000
1,365,000
32,980,000
4,748,000
59,742,500
97,470,500
43,088,000
44,195,000
48,583,000 44,290,000 42,393,000
411,874,000
Vessel scrapped
793,950,000 1,822,650,000 451,260,000
Vessel buy back
324,530,000
427,596,000
752,126,000
25,209,000
65,303,000
67,597,000 70,224,000 65,937,000
344,469,000
116,743,000
853,370,000
707,552,000 264,660,000 128,909,000 2,365,490,000
3,067,860,000
Unclear assistance for resource management Observer system
5,496,000
5,947,000
Management of distant water fishing industry
70,390,000
57,239,000 111,821,000 54,806,000
Total
10,756,000
28,000,000
23.19%
11,685,936,804
Appendix 3: Employed seamen statistics of Taiwan
Total employed seamen
Year 2000
2005
Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu
Mainland China
Other areas
Number of people (person)
In proportion 35.1%
Number of people (person)
In proportion 35.1%
Number of people (person)
In proportion 35.1%
Subtota
41,445
14,557
35.1%
22,375
54%
4,514
10.9%
Distant water fishing
24,544
4,491
18.3%
16,533
67.4%
3,520
14.3%
Subtota
34,682
9,042
26.1%
16,410
47.3%
9,230
26.6%
Distant water fishing
21,140
3,122
14.8%
11,158
52.8%
6,860
32.5%
Source: Survey of agriculture, fishing and ranch industries from the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) in the period 2000 to 2005.
Appendix 4: Gross production of various industries in Taiwan 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Agriculture
152,339
148,465
142,720
129,560
1142,914
134,246
136,304
136,920
Ranching
11,084
12,125
11,831
13,554
20,786
20,787
21,911
22,571
Forestry
2,791
2,145
1,711
1,718
1,722
1,799
1,568
1,573
Fishery
28,576
28,839
24,994
28,730
32,167
35,984
33,226
26,157
Mining
67,440
54,435
53,689
50,777
39,444
47,487
42,155
44,013
Manufacturing
2,266,757
2,495,390
2,753,057
2,970,511
3,239,070
3,557,193
3,592,538
3,434,604
Electricity and Gas
123,318
130,122
135,799
142,120
147,526
154,092
150,076
149,522
Water and Sewage Treatment
53,186
59,220
65,198
70,703
77,454
85,662
88,210
90,406
Construction
309,864
297,762
319,005
323,033
332,438
337,509
318,794
293,166
Wholesale and Retailing
1,807,978
1,845,364
1,963,121
2,084,364
2,188,716
2,318,828
2,370,151
2,340,321
Transportation
353,873
355,933
374,766
382,796
394,318
412,324
414,368
399,089
Hotel and Catering
205,337
202,018
210,520
223,038
234,114
243,592
239,619
236,374
Information Technology
354,059
370,124
392,619
402,471
415,443
430,564
451,965
467,484
Finance and Insurance
769,411
774,129
833,719
869,740
891,545
946,299
925,520
854,657
Real Estate
846,389
886,959
924,415
964,623
1,045,155
1,100,855
1,108,549
1,128,623
Professional, Science and Technological Services
197,484
207,123
220,123
227,254
253,492
275,257
274,076
281,907
Support Services
110,472
113,495
125,543
139,496
159,842
173,724
186,309
182,752
Public Administration and National Defense
867,671
888,961
896,453
910,289
909,713
899,194
906,340
913,920
Education
500,366
524,252
542,764
551,420
572,723
587,898
592,131
607,204
Medical and Social Services
343,383
346,073
353,614
347,721
347,436
364,543
375,414
391,764
87,362
90,334
92,226
95,743
101,238
105,328
107,775
111,361
Other Services
298,099
302,595
308,935
327,581
345,561
359,834
372,162
380,451
Total
10,135,863 10,746,822 11,257,242 11,892,817
12,592,999
12,709,161 12,494,839 10,135,863
Total in production
10,439,794 11,092,136
11,608,183 12,243,471
12,948,282
13,048,895 12,805,733 10,439,794
Discrepancies of the statistics
4,199
3,910
27,703
21,786
GDP
10,074,337 10,443,993 11,090,474 11,612,093
12,243,471
12,975,985 13,070,681 12,818,935
GDP contributions of the fishing industry
0.00284
0.002627
0.002773
Fine Arts, Entertainment and Leisure Services
-1,662
0.002761
0.002254
0
0.002474
13,202
0.002542
4,199
0.00204
substantial figures (Unit: TWD) Updated: 2010/11/18
Only effective international conservation measures can restore the ocean’s health and ensure a stable ground for Taiwan’s fishing industry. 13/06/2011 © Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
Reference
1. West Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. (2010, May). Tuna year book. Retrieved July 22,2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www.wcpfc.int/node/1759 2. West Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. (n.d.). Vessels on the WCPFC 'Record of Fishing Vessels' (RFV). Retrieved July 22,2011, from the World Wide Web: http://intra.wcpfc.int/Lists/Vessels/Stats.aspx 3. Harley S, Hoyle S, Williams P, Hampton J, Kleiber P. (Eds). Stock Assessment of Bigeye Tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Paper presented at: SC6: Proceedings of the 6th Regular Session of the Scientific Committee for the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. 10 – 19th August 2010, Nukualofa, Tonga. 4. International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2011, July 7). Increased protection urgently needed for tuna. Retrieved July 22, 2011, from http://www.iucn.org/what/tpas/biodiversity/?7820/Increased-protection-urgently-needed-for-tunas 5. The Fisheries Agency (2010) about the survey of the distant water fishing operators 2009. The information is taken from the agency response to questions by the legislators on 17th May 2011. 6. The Fisheries Agency (2006) Management and restructuring of the distant water fishing industry. Information is taken on 22nd July 2011. http://www.fa.gov.tw/pages/detail.aspx?Node=211&Page=15074&Index=8 7. Chen Yanqi (2008) Measures to tackle the rising gasoline price for Taiwan’s fishing industry. Information taken on 22nd July 2011. http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=17820 8. Huang Xulei (14th July 2008) A distant water fishing operator who told the Liberty Times, “the future is blurred”. Information was taken on 22nd July 2011. http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/jul/14/today-south3.htm 9. Appendix 1: Employment rate of the distant water fishing industry to the overall fishing industry from 1999 to 2009. 10.Appendix 3: Employed seaman statistics in Taiwan 11.The Fisheries Agency (2010) about the survey for the distant water fishing industry (2009). Information was taken when the agency responded to the legislators on 17th May 2011. 12. Lin Zhengfeng (9th November 2004) who told a Taiwan magazine Businesstoday,"How to look for miracles in the corrupted oceans”. Information was taken on 22nd July 2011. http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/v1/content.aspx?a=W20041109248&p=4 13. Wan Niansheng (9th May 2011) who told Taiwan magazine BusinessWeekly, “One fish is priced at TWD 10 but he poured in TWD 2 billion to buy a fishing vessel”. Information was taken on 22nd July 2011. http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/webarticle.php?id=43254&p=3
14. http://ebas1.ebas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9L.asp 15. http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=45816&CtNode=2174&mp=1 16. The above list is based on the budget information from the Fisheries Agency. The calculations do not include subsidizations f rom other government commissions or local governments, for example, the construction of a distant water fishing hub for TWD 7 billion and the construction of an ultra-low temperature distant water fishing factory, with a subsidy from the Kaohsiung government of TWD 40 million and other private investors. 17. West Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. (n.d.). Vessels on the WCPFC 'Record of Fishing Vessels' (RFV). Retrieved July 22,2011, from the World Wide Web: http://intra.wcpfc.int/Lists/Vessels/Stats.aspx 18. The Fisheries Agency: Subsidization of TWD 500 million for the operations of the distant water fishing industry. Information was taken on 22nd July 2011. http://www.fa.gov.tw/pages/detail.aspx?Node=58&Page=7970&Index=3 19. Zhang Xixuan (2009) An evaluation of the conflicts between observers and the operators. National Sun Yat-sen University Institute of Marine Affairs 20. The Fisheries Agency enhances the implementation of patrolling work in the North of Pacific Ocean in the fishing seasons. Information was taken on 22nd July 2011 from the Fisheries Agency. http://www.fa.gov.tw/pages/detail.aspx?Node=58&Page=7515&Index=3
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