Reference 1 Please refer to document “Administrative Measures and Implementation Regulations on the Comprehensive Utilization of Coal Ash in the Coal Industry,” 1996, Item 3 2 By converting from the China Electricity Council 2008 figures on total coal consumption (1.46 billion tons) and coal ash production (390 million tons) in the electricity sector, for every four tons of coal burned will produce one ton of coal ash. 3 Current China urban waste is roughly around 160 million tons per year. 4 One ton of coal ash equals to 1.13 cubic metres of volume (m3). 5 Volume of a standard swimming pool used in this report: Width 21m x length 50m x height 1.8m; volume of the Beijing Olympic Water Cubic Swimming Gym: Width 177m x length 177m x height 31m 6 Please refer to document “Administrative Measures on the Comprehensive Utilization of Coal Ash,” 1994, Item 3 7 China Electric Power Press, Manual on Energy Efficiency for Coal-fired Plant, 2009, pp 679-681 8 Science and Technology Daily, http://www.stdaily.com/kjrb/content/2010-02/05/content_154315.htm 9 For more details, please refer to the news article: There is more dust in this year sandstorm http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-0405/234920011756.shtml 10 China Electric Power Press, Manual on Energy Efficiency for Coal-fired Plant, 2009, pp 680 11 China Environmental Science Press, Environmental Protection Department, National Pollution, Environment, Health Risk Directory— Chemicals Section, first edition, February 2009; http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp; http://www.lf.gov.cn/pub/htm/life/shuiwenxinxi/ shuihuanjing/2006-04-24-7849.htm 12 http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/12/tennessee-coal-ash-slurry-spill-48-times-bigger-than-exxon-valdez-spill.php 13 Jiangyou City Government website: http://www.my.gov.cn/jiangyou/288798823663271936/20090814/436090.html 14 Guizhou Electric Power Technology, No. 9, 2006 15 State Administration of Work Safety: http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_4272/2006/0719/12287/content_12287. htm 16 For details please refer to http://news.sohu.com/20050414/n225176321.shtml 17 Guizhou Electricity News: http://www.gz.csg.cn/qkshow.aspx?id=11344&cid=193 18 Figures from the 2009 Annual Development Report on China Electricity Sector: As of the end of 2009, the installed capacity for China’s coalfired power plants is 652.05 GW. 19 Data on coal ash production is sourced from Greenpeace investigations. Greenpeace staff was not successful in securing the needed
June 2010. Coal ash disposal site of the Togtoh Power Station, in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. © Zhao Gang/Greenpeace
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