REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITÉCNICO “SANTIAGO MARIÑO” EXTENSIÓN SAN CRISTÓBAL
PRODUCED BY: YONAIKER YENESKI ZAMBRANO RODRIGUEZ C.I – 26.622.338 ENGLISH 2
CONTENT PASSIVE VOICE………………………………………………………………………………………………………
I
ACTIVE VOICE…………...…………..………………………………………………………………………………
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THE PASSIVE VOICE The purpose of this lesson is to learn to recognize Passive Voice, to have proper management of its structure and to develop an understanding exercise at the end. This lesson is composed of two parts:
1). EXPLANATION
2). STRUCTURE
The passive voice is opposed to the ACTIVE VOICE. When we talk about the active voice, we refer to the traditional way of constructing sentences in English.
There are 4 parts in its structure:
This conventional form is:
b) Verb to be: was
a) Object: The house
c) Past participle: built SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
d) Agent: by Carl
Carl built a house (Carl built a house) Subject: Carl Verb: built Complement: a house On the other hand, when the action is more important than the person or subject who did it, the PASSIVE VOICE is used. In the previous sentence the action is "build a house" and the subject is "Carl". In this case we can use the passive voice like this: The house was built by Carl. Pรกgina 3
A). The object (Object)
B). The verb to be
We call object to the word that receives the action. For example, following our prayer on THE HOUSE, we may ask:
In every sentence in Passive Voice a form of the verb TO BE is necessary. However, you must remember that there are different forms of the verb TO BE for multiple verb tenses. Here are some examples:
What object does the "build" action receive?
Present simple: is, are, am Past simple: was o were Future: will be Present perfect: has been or been been
The answer to this question is: The house receives the stock. Therefore, "the house" is an object.
C). Verb in past participle
D). Agent
To construct the past participle of English verbs we must know that there are two types of forms:
Depending on the context, the agent performing the action may or may not be in the sentence.
Regular verbs
When present, it is introduced by means of the word "by" meaning "by". Many Spanish speakers comment on the error of using "for" since the translation of this word is also "for"; What you should know is that this word is NOT regularly used in passive structures. In conclusion, we use BY and not FOR.
For these verbs we just add -ED or -D depending on the case. Examples: Call (call): Past participle CALLED (called) Clean: Past participle CLEANED (cleaned) Decide (to decide): Past participle DECIDED (decided) Irregular verbs These verbs have different forms, we recommend you to visit the lesson about past participle in English so you have more information about it. Some examples of these verbs are:
In many cases the agent is not in prayer due to multiple reasons. You can simply omit the agent when you do not consider it important. It is not an obligation to use it. Example: The house was built in 1894. In this sentence we do not say who built the house.
Eat (eat): Past participle EATEN (eaten) Buy (past purchase): Past participle BOUGHT (bought) Send (send): Past participle SENT (sent) Pรกgina 4