How are Timber Framed Houses made?

HOW ARE

TIMBER

FRAMED

HOUSES

MADE? 70 sq ft

150

INTRO Timber framing is a method that has been used for thousand of years and is still a popular and sustainable practise used throughout the world. It consists of using several techniques to join pieces of timber together in order to form a structural base for the building.

To begin the process, the client or company would design and outline their architectural drawings. They would then seek builders and manufacturers to enquire about costs, materials, and creating a build programme. This programme would include how many people to hire, deadlines, budgets, meeting building regulations etc.

Pros

• Speedy • Lightweight • Easy to manufacture • Easy project planning • Sustainable material • Fast & convenient • Great for insulation • Renewable • Better at weather

Cons

THE 4 MAIN TYPES OF TIMBER FRAMES ARE:

• Much more complicated to design • Must be ACCURATE • Usually more expensive than brick • Long waiting periods before building process starts • Soundproofing is a issue

COST Cost of timber framing will vary depending on the scale of your project and the company you choose to use. Manufactures will usually carry out calculations and require upfront payments.

BOX

AISLED

CRUCK

POST & TRUSS

FRAME

FRAME

SUPPL ERS It is best to acquire experts to handle putting up the materials. There are many suppliers across the UK that can be used to manufacture the required materials. The UK Timber Frame Association (UKTFA) is a certification given to timber manufactures and is a good way of searching for experts to help build your house.

FRAME

FRAME

MEETING BUILDING

REGULATIONS To meet building regulations you must make sure that the quality of your materials is up to standard and is sufficient enough for what your project entails. You must also meet building safety requirements.

65 sq ft

70 sq ft

TIMBER FRAME HOUSE

150 sq ft

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STEP 2

At this stage you would start to discuss with the manufacture about ordering materials...

And acquiring the tools and equipment in order to start building...

Construction plans are created as a more detailed version of the blueprints, specifying exactly what the customer wants, even down to the types of windows and colours used. These, along with the blueprints, are then sent to the manufacturer, enabling them to evaluate the design and come up with an optimized solution.

! HEALTH & SAFETY

Precautions must be considered as building is a dangerous process. Hazards are imminent no matter how careful anyone can be so it is extremely important to prepare for them in advance. This may simply include creating a safety checklist but would like also require someone to be qualified in first aid.

TYPES OF WOOD Common types of wood normally used would be oak, pine and sweet chestnut. Oak is mainly used as it is a very strong, durable and a long lasting material with good aesthetic qualities. Pine also has very good structural qualities.

Full slate tiled roof

Dark brown window frames Double glazed windows Dark brown oak door Insulation

grey Stone walls

STEP 3 Now we start to produce the required materials. Measurements will be taken and sent to the manufacturer where they will then begin to cut down and shape materials. Once completed these will be delivered to the construction site.

In order to fit the materials together joints are created, that fit like puzzle pieces, which are cut out into the timber allowing them to slot into each other. The following type of joints are:

DOVETAIL These joints are used to connect the roof purlins to the rafters and prevents timbers from separating.

TONGUE & FORK These are used to join corners together as well as connect the upper ends of rafters.

TONGUE & FORK + MORTISE & TENON These can be used to join corners together that consist of several more parts

STEP 4

The elevation process requires immense strength but also a lot of care. It is recommended that a crane be hired out in order to carry out this step as smoothly as possible.

General, the mortise and tenon joints would be fitted together first, creating the initial standing frame sections.

Tongue and fork joints would be used throughout to connect extra pieces, and dovetail joints would only be used for the roof in an aisled frame.

Floor joists would be added when the main structure has been erected.

To stabilise the structure further, concrete is used to secure the posts into the ground. This is not recommended but not necessary.

CROWNING & CUPPING It is very important that the direction in which the timber has curved is taken into account. The length of wood should be “crowning” upwards in order to withstand the weight that years of holding furniture and people will bring upon it. If the wood was to be placed in a “cupping” position, the weight would cause it to curve more, leaving an unsightly bend in the floor.

CROWNING

CUPPING

WEATHER CONDITIONS Erecting the frame in suitable weather conditions is optimal in ensuring the stability of the structure, but also gives the safest working environment for those involved. Strong wind and rain could be very dangerous when lifting heavy material, and the wood - although treated - could easily become weather damaged.

STEP 5

Assembling the rest of the house can prove to be more challenging than step 4. Details, such as the windows and doors, must be measured precisely to fit perfectly into the walls, then electricity and water supplies must also be considered. Insulation is usually fitted into the walls to keep the house warm, lowering heating costs - this can also be helped with the aid of double glazed windows. Some customers may request the addition of solar panels on the roof in order to produce some of their own electricity.

STRUCTURAL BUILDING SYSTEMS

PARTITION WALL SYSTEM

FRAME SYSTEM

LOAD-BEARING FACADE SYSTEM

VOLUMETRIC SYSTEM

HYBRID SYSTEM

PILLAR/SLAB

LOAD-BEARING

STEP 6

SAFETY CHECKS At this point, all safety checks must be appropriately carried out in order to ensure the house is up to the required standards.

Electricity and plumbing would be tested and gas would also be checked. If the building meets the safety requirements, the client would be able to prepare for moving in. If not, the problem(s) would need to be fixed immediately, potentially delaying the moving process for weeks or even months.

Making sure gas pipes and connections are safe is vital in ensuring the house does not endure gas leaks, or even explosions

The client would likely view the house and discuss any last minute requirements or alterations, such as room layouts and decoration.

Clients may either decide to decorate their newly built houses themselves or they might hire a decorating firm to do it on their behalf. If this were the case, they would not always need to send a detailed design to the company and instead discuss their idea verbally. They may check up on the progress throughout and - in some cases - they may also decide to help.

Electricity is relatively simple to install but can go drastically wrong if done incorrectly. Make sure to hire a good electrician.

Although plumbing is the least dangerous, it needs to be done well. Careless plumbing can easily lead to burst pipes.

STEP 7

COMPLETION CONGRATULATIONS

You have now built a timber framed house!

All that’s left to do now is register your property and fit in extra features (if you so wish), such as a land-line and Wi-Fi. Registering is not as difficult as it may sound. All you must do is contact a Land Registry company or a solicitor and they will sort out the rest. However, this process is crucial in ensuring the legality of your property and allowing you to live in it, so should be completed as soon as possible.

ENJOY YOUR HOUSE! CREATED BY ALI & LÜDIA