forward to basics willem jan snel
mobility space is an important topic in architecture and urban planning
Justus van Effenblok Rotterdam Social Housing, 1922 architect Michiel Brinkman
city blocks as networks
space for the dairyman
development of a new set of instruments. The current world belongs to a different kind of person with a different kind of mind. It demands new solutions in mobility towards 1902 sharpening - 1922 its effectiveness and in the preparation of societies to participate in an increasingly diverse world, planning a healthy cityin which flexibility is becoming a pre-eminent skill. introducing housing law social housing rotterdam Theprojects extensive experience Mecanoo gained over more than 30 years results in designs good basics for daily live
and strategies that are realized with technical expertise and great attention to detail. The broad spectrum of Mecanoo’s projects allows the office to be creative and innovative in the search for new solutions, approaching each design problem with new vigour and enthusiasm..
Conceptual age Information Age Industrial Age Agriculture Age 1800
1900
2000 2007: credit crunch
Pink, D., the conceptual age, 1995
2100
mecanoo, early years groningen
The managed city The managed city is the old urban structure that is still present, but had become hidden from view by traffic signs, parking prevention bollards, shop displays, bike racks, rubbish containers, glass containers, advertising signs and terraces. One of the important means to recover the image of the city is to formulate rules, for example concerning pavement. In mean time the city is covered with over three million sand yellow clinkers and lines of old, glimmering granite boulders and smooth, blue cindered scoria bricks. As a result the city looks more homogeneous. 7
mecanoo mobility
The characteristic city The characteristic city is the city of the postcards. It is the city of the places that stick in the memory of residents and visitors: the Grote Markt, the Vismarkt, the ring of canals. These locations have to be emphasised in defining the public space of the city.
The hidden city The hidden city exists of the courtyards and gardens that hide from sight in the urban structure of the controlled city. They lead an introverted, ‘quiet’ life, far from the bustle and constantly changing image of the city. Little has changed in the Hidden City in the course of centuries. There is no reason at all to change any of it at the moment.
The expressive city The expressive city indicates those rare points where an exuberant, trendy design of the public space is in place. This is where the city radiates its vitality and ĂŠlan. The sites have often been bottlenecks in the city for years. An example is the gradually ascending terrace in the middle of the Poelestraat. For this terrace an attractive, steel pergola has been designed. It refers to the old city gate that used to be in this spot.
be put into words.2 The book describes twenty projects. Ten statements – on thin, fragile Japanese paper – encapsulate the views upon which I base this proposition.
visioning on mobility as a whole: a room with a view Or to put it a better way, perhaps, they clarify what I am seeking. The fifth statement is on the aesthetics of mobility. The twentieth project describes ‘A room with a view’. I will attempt to explain why the architect of the Library and the Master Plan of the Technical University of Delft is introducing a subject like the aesthetics of mobility.
CORRIDOR
ROUTE
The routes need not just vision and direction, but more importantly a client to commis-
The sion artthem. of integral engineering and the aesthetics of mobility (1999) In the period that follows, administrators in the Netherlands seem to rise to the challenge and accept the responsibility of taking on the role of client in commissioning the great mobility axes. To me, this illustrates the unique architectural climate in the Netherlands, so admired abroad.
Las Vegas
La Defense
Ruhrgebiet
Bali
Ecoviaduct
The vast landscape
3
mecanoo mobility
Time: Zuiderzee route (1999)
July 200
Panoram
Goud betw zones The m In this By rai re-est
A characteristic of the route to the north is the interplay of infrastructure lines – motorway, railway, power lines, waterways and dikes. A conspicuous feature of the polder landscape is that the motorway network runs not quite parallel to the other lines. The railway, the motorway and the power lines play a sort of game of ‘attract and repel’ with one another. As you ride along, at times you see them all and at times they suddenly
Circui 8,5 km five m after Golde
same ance o
ways.
Experience: Le Grand Projet
PANORAMA’S AND PERFORATIONS
wet corridor gradient conservation enhancement intensification
Bijlmerpark (2003)
Bijlmerpark (2003)
Transferhub Bleizo (2010)
57
mecanoo mobility
Transferhub Bleizo (2010)
Transferhub Bleizo (2010)
58
mecanoo mobility
mitigating traffic through design luxemburg stad (2011)
mitigating traffic through design luxemburg stad (2011)
mitigating traffic through design luxemburg stad (2011)
A2 study (2013)
WORK
MU MOD LTI ALIT
Y
MOBI LITY
ING
L CYC
E
KNOWLEDG T BUIL ENT ONM
IR ENV
t Utrech
Maastric
ht S’Herto
Amsterdam
genbos
Eindhoven ch
QUALITY OF LIFE
D LANPE SCA
A2 study (2013) stockholm
kopenhagen manchester
berlijn
londen keulen brussel
budapest
parijs
milaan lyon
rome
barcelona
hamburg intercity direct
eurostar
londen brussel lille
HSL
luik
keulen
ICE
parijs
The A2 highway is intersecting the diverse Dutch landscape: the low and flat lands in the
A2 study (2013) different lifestyles
urban life styles Weergave van leefpatroon van persona’s in de kenniseconomie, verspreiding van activiteit en intensiteit over stad.
ommeland
buiten
recreëren
buitenwijk
wonen
cultuurcentrum
stadshart
recreëren
wonen
recreëren
Alex
Babette
Gijs
38
juli 2012
mecanoo de diagonaal
zakencentrum
werken
werken
A2 study (2013)
1 km
€1
00
.00
0.0
€1 00
.00
0.0
00
mecanoo and cycling November 2013
Januari 2014 research on cycling transition Cycling has become both a symbol and a catalyst for the transition in mobility towards sustainable development. Cities acknowledge that a city needs people and public space and less dominance by vehicles and asphalt. People want liveable cities. They increasingly change their preferences regarding travel behaviour from car ownership to vehicle sharing and active transport. Cycling becomes a pleasure, even sexy. Cycling pays a significant contribution to sustainable mobility, serving the mobility needs of all people. Cycling inclusive planning makes transport interventions more effective, in social and economic terms, with less negative impact on health, the environment and the climate. Cycling evokes creative thinking on the urban fabric and health.
work
54 10
business meetings
personal care
6
shopping
18 30
visits
12
education
leisure
car
6
public transport
31
socializing
50% of the car journey’s are shorten than 7,5 km
slow traffic remaining
x billion km
mecanoo and mecanoo: eencycling kleine kenniseconomie kantoormobiliteit office mobility
mecanoo and cycling office mobility
mobility is changing nieuwe werkelijkheid trendbreuk
cycling 2014 research on cycling transition: what is on a bike path? a variety of users WHAT´S ON A BIKE PATH?
police-security
sightseeing/tour bikes transport-delivery-post family and kids (tricycles/minibikes)
tricycles-adults bikes
tandems
city-commuting-folding bikes
wheelchairs-limited mobility
recreational cycling
walking-jogging
kick scooters-rollers-skates
electric vehicles-segways road bikes-mountan bikes-BMX bikes
velomobiles
motorbikes and scooters
handbikes-secumbent bikes
≠SPEED, RYTHM AND MANOEUVRABILITY! lifestyle, health, increasing amount of elderly, rise of ebikes
There is nothing like bad weather het nieuwe reizen intergraal denken: slecht weer bestaat niet, slechte kleding wel
het nieuwe reizen intergraal denken: slecht weer bestaat niet, slechte kleding wel
new diversity - demand for new sorts of roads
nieuwe nieuwe werkelijkheid nieuwewerkelijkheid werkelijkheid nieuwe werkelijkheid succesvolle concepten, blijft achter nieuwe werkelijkheid succesvolle concepten, ruimtelijke ordening succesvolle concepten,ruimtelijke ruimtelijke ordening ordening blijft blijft achter achter succesvolle concepten, ruimtelijke ordening blijft achter succesvolle concepten, ruimtelijke ordening blijft achter
amsterdam, the netherlands
Cycling along the Amsterdam canals, a normal daily activity. 7,5 km bike range
15 km e-bike range
Amsterdam
m
8% car trips in amsterdam 8% ofareallshorter than 5 km 42% 42%using their bikes for their daily commute
33%
gemeente Amsterdam
car
1.1
gemeente Amsterdam
3 trips per person per day 3 trips gemeente Amsterdam
per person per day
gemeente Amsterdam
400 KM bike paths. 400ofKM gemeente Amsterdam
of bike paths. gemeente Amsterdam
42%
CBS car bewerking OBI
14% 8%
bicycle walking
0.6%
walking
0.6%
seguridad vial madrid
bus,train, metro bus,train, metro
CBS bewerking OBI
Amsterdam Den Haag Rotterdam Other Netherlands Car as driver 8% 18% 15% 22% 21% Amsterdam Den Haag Rotterdam Other Netherlands Car as passenger 8% 10% 11% 11% 6% Car as driver 8% 18% 15% 22% 21% Train 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% Car as passenger 6% 8% 10% 11% 11% Bus/tram/metro 6% 7% 9% 1% 2% Train 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% Moped 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Bus/tram/metro 6% 7% 9% 1% 2% Bicycle 42% 32% 25% 39% 39% Moped 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Walking 33% 31% 38% 23% 24% Bicycle 42% 32% 25% 39% 39% Other 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% Walking 33% 31% 38% 23% 24% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Other Totaal 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% CBS bewerking OBI Totaal 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% CBS bewerking OBI
24% car trips in madrid 24%ofareallshorter than 5 km
of all car trips in madrid seguridad vial madrid are shorter than 5 km
14% 8%
gemeente Amsterdam
using their bikes for their daily commute
average number per home
bicycle 42%
33%
CBS bewerking OBI
gemeente Amsterdam
bicycle
2%
walking
Madrid
other
2%
walking
of all car trips in amsterdam CBS bewerking OBI are shorter than 5 km
1.1 average number per home
Madrid
other
0.6% using 0.6% their bikes for their daily commute
41%
34%
seguridad vial madrid
24,4%
using their bikes for their daily commute seguridad vial madrid
186 KM bike paths. 186ofKM seguridad vial madrid
of bike paths.
car/motor
bus,train, metro bus,train, metro
41%
34%
bicycle
24,4%
car/motor
plan director movilidad ciclista madrid
plan director movilidad ciclista madrid
seguridad vial madrid
Pedestrians en cyclist vondelpark, Amsterdam
copenhagen, denmark
from car to peoples place
7,5 km bike range
Amsterdam Copenhagen
32%
of all car trips in amsterdam are shorter than 5 km
walking
of all car trips in copenhagen are shorter than 5 km
32%
f all car trips in copenhagen re shorter than 5 km y of copenhagen of all car trips in copenhagen are shorter than 5 km
36%
city of copenhagen
36%
f all trips to work and education n copenhagen is done by bicycle. cling embassy dk of all trips to work and education in copenhagen is done by bicycle.
1.2
cycling embassy dk
1.2 average Number per home 90,000 T O per year saved by cycling 90,000 T n copenhagen at present rate
verage Number per home
cling embassy dk
cycling embassy dk
2
y of copenhagen
2
CO per year saved by cycling in copenhagen at present rate
390 KM f bike paths. 390 KM city of copenhagen
y of copenhagen
of bike paths. city of copenhagen
28%
6%
Amsterdam
car
36%
enhagen
8%
36%
25%
of all trips to work and education in copenhagen is done by bicycle. walking cycling embassy dk
33%
walking 6%
car 1.2
average Number car per home
6%
bicycle bus,train, metro bicycle
2%
walking
CBS bewerking OBI
city of copenhagen
32%
other
8%
15 km e-bike range
42%
bicycle
Amsterdam
8%
42%
CBS bewerking OBI
42%
Madrid
other
from car to peoples placeusing their bikes for their daily commute
of all car trips in amsterdam are shorter than 5 km of all car trips in amsterdam CBS bewerking OBI are shorter than 5 km
2%
gemeente Amsterdam walking
1.1
33%
gemeente Amsterdam
24%
14% 8%
CBS bewerking OBI
42%
Amsterdam 36% cycling embassy dk 25% Car as driver 8% gemeente Amsterdam 14% 8% Car as passenger 6% cycling embassy dk using their bikes for their daily commute 36% 25% Train metro 2% gemeente Amsterdam 14% 8%bus,train, per person per day car Bus/tram/metro gemeente Amsterdam 6% 2 33% CBS bewerking OBI Moped bus,train, metro CO per year saved by cycling 1% car average number per home Bicycle 42% in copenhagen at present rate 33% gemeente Amsterdam CBS bewerking OBI city of copenhagen Walking 33% bus,train, metro average number per home Amsterdam Den Haag Rotterdam Other Other Netherlands 1% gemeente Amsterdam 56% It’s faster Car as driver of bike 8%paths. 18% 15% 22% Totaal 21% 100% gemeente Amsterdam bus,train, metro Amsterdam Den Haag Rotterdam Other Netherlands Car as passenger 6% 8% 10% 11% CBS bewerking 11% OBI cycling embassy dk 37% It’s my convenient Car as2% driver 21% Train 2%8% 1%18% 1% 15% 1% 22% per person per day of bike paths. passenger 7%6% 11% Bus/tram/metro Car as6% gemeente Amsterdam 9%8% 1% 10% 2% 11% city of copenhagen cycling embassy dk 29% It’s cheap Train 1% 1% Moped 1%2% 1%2% 1% 1% 1% 1% per person per day Bus/tram/metro gemeente Amsterdam 2% Bicycle 42% 32%6% 25%7% 39% 9% 39% 1% 26% It’s healthy Moped 1% Walking 33% 31%1% 38%1% 23% 1% 24% 1% Bicycle 39% Other 1% 2%42% 1%32% 1% 25% 1% 39% of bike paths. 56% It’s faster 12% well-being/good way to start the day of all families with 2 children Walking 31% 38% 23% 24% 33% Totaal 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% gemeente Amsterdam have a cargo bike. Of all Other 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% CBS bewerking OBI 37% It’sa my convenient of bike paths. 56% It’s faster 9% new job/relocation households with cargo bike, Totaal 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% gemeente Amsterdam
90,000 T
1.1
3 trips
390 KM
28%
of all families with 2 children have a cargo bike. Of all households with of a cargo bike, with 2 children all families 17% have one in place a car.bike. Of all have aof cargo
400 KM
3 trips
400 KM 400 KM
17% have one in place of a car.
29% It’s cheap
city of copenhagen
1.1
3 trips
26% It’s healthy
37% It’s my convenient 5% environmental/climate concerns
29% It’s cheap
city of copenhagen
12% well-being/good way to 26% startIt’s thehealthy day 9% new job/relocation 12% well-being/good way to start the day
CBS bewerking OBI
from car to peoples place
2
of all car tripsb are shorter tha seguridad vial madrid o a
car bicycle
42% 33%
Madrid
other bicycle
2%
walking
average number per home
using their bikes for their daily commute
42%
33%
Den Haag 18% 8% 2% 7% 1% 32% 31% 2% 100%
0.6%
se
Rotterdam Other 15% 22% 10% their11% using bik seguridad 1% vial madrid1% 9% 1%u 1% 1%se 25% 39% 38% 23% of bike paths. 1% 1% seguridad vial madrid 100% 100% o
0
186 KM 1
se
london, uk Amsterdam Amsterdam
32%32%
all car trips in amsterdam of all caroftrips in amsterdam are than shorter than 5 km are shorter 5 km
walking walking
all car trips in copenhagen of all caroftrips in copenhagen are than shorter than 5 km are shorter 5 km
36%36%
6%
6%
car
car
bicycle
using their their daily commute using their bikes forbikes theirfor daily commute
1.1 1.1
33%
1.2 1.2
per home averageaverage NumberNumber per home
metro bus,train,bus,train, metro
90,000 90,000 T T
cycling cycling embassy dk embassy dk
Madrid
24%
bicycle
of all caro are shora
42%
seguridad vial m
0.6%
using thu
metro bus,train,bus,train, metro
car
seguridad vial m
186 K1
CBS CBS bewerking OBIbewerking OBI
gemeente Amsterdam gemeente Amsterdam
Amsterdam Haag Rotterdam Amsterdam Den Haag DenRotterdam Other Car as driver8% 8% 18% 18%15% 15% Car as driver 22% Car as passenger 6% 8% 8%10% 10% Car as passenger 6% 11% Train 2% 2% 2% 1% 1%1% Train 2% perper person per person day per day Bus/tram/metro gemeente Amsterdam 6% 7% 7% 9% 9%1% Bus/tram/metro gemeente Amsterdam 6% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%1% Moped Moped 1% 42%32% 32%25% 25% Bicycle Bicycle 42% 39% Walking route 33% 38% Walking blue bike paths, the fasest a31% to b 31%38% 33% from 23% Other 1% 2% 2% 1% 1%1% Other 1% of bike paths. of bike paths. Totaal 100% 100% 100% gemeente Amsterdam Totaal 100% 100% 100% 100% gemeente Amsterdam
3 trips 3 trips
2
year by cycling CO per CO yearper saved bysaved cycling in copenhagen at present rate in copenhagen at present rate
400 KM 400 KM
city of copenhagen city of copenhagen
390 KM 390 KM
car
per home averageaverage number number per home
cycling cycling embassy dk embassy dk
2
33% 42%
bicycle
Madrid
14% 8%14% 8%
gemeente Amsterdam gemeente Amsterdam
cycling cycling embassy dk embassy dk
33%
33%
42%42%
bicycle
36%
25% 36%
25%
of all trips to work and education of all trips to work and education in copenhagen is done by bicycle. in copenhagen is done by bicycle.
2%
2%
walking walking
CBS CBS bewerking OBIbewerking OBI
city of copenhagen city of copenhagen
other
other
8% 8%
penhagen
56% It’s faster 56% It’s faster
7,5 km bike range
of bike paths. of bike paths. city of copenhagen city of copenhagen
37% It’s my convenient 37% It’s my convenient
of bike po
Other Netherlands Netherlands 22% 21% 21% 11% 11% 11% 1%1% 1% 1%2% 2% 1%1% 1% 39% 39% 39% 23% 24% 24% 1%1% 1% 100% 100% 100%
s seguridad vial m
CBS CBS bewerking OBIbewerking OBI
29% It’s cheap 29% It’s cheap 26% It’s healthy 26% It’s healthy of all families with 2 children of all families with 2 children have a cargo have a cargo bike. Of allbike. Of all households with a cargo bike, households with a cargo bike, have one place of a car. 17% have 17% one in place ofin a car.
12% well-being/good way today start the day 12%e-bike well-being/good way to start the 15 km range
28%28%
5% environmental/climate 5% environmental/climate concerns concerns
city of copenhagen city of copenhagen
city of copenhagen city of copenhagen
London
9% new job/relocation 9% new job/relocation
67%67%
all car trips in london of all caroftrips in london are than shorter than 5 km are shorter 5 km
bicycle 2.2%
2.2%
walking walking
source : LTDS 2011/12 source : LTDS 2011/12
car, taxi car, taxi
30%
30%
2.2%2.2%
bicycle
39.8%
39.8%
0.66 0.66
per home averageaverage number number per home
source : LTDS 2010/11 source : LTDS 2010/11
28%
28%
all car trips in bogota of all caroftrips in bogota are than shorter than 3 km are shorter 3 km
perper person per person day per day 4%
3%
of all tr in santi outer London outer London
Leisure 27%
CommuteCommute to work to work
of bike
27%
35% 9% 19%
7% 19%
1.28 1.28 tripstrips
perper person per person day per day
9%
safety first, with a helmet and fluorescent jacket
36,000 36,000 T T
7% EducationEducation
2
year by cycling CO per CO yearper saved bysaved cycling in at bogota at present rate in bogota present rate 2
Other work Other work related travel related travel
outer London outer London
inner London inner London
NYC Global Partners NYC Global Partners
336 KM 336 KM
of bike paths. of bike paths.
NYC Global Partners NYC Global Partners
sectra 2008
700
inner London inner London
NYC Global Partners NYC Global Partners
4%
35%
sectra 2001,
NYC Global Partners NYC Global Partners
NYC Global Partners NYC Global Partners
Other
Santiago
of all ca are sho
inner London inner London
average number per home
Other
shopping and
outer London outer London
1.66 1.66average number per home
2.49 2.49 tripstrips
35%
70%70%
NYC Global Partners NYC Global Partners
source : LTDS 2009/10 source : LTDS 2009/10
Leisure
Bogota
of all trips in is bogota is done by of all trips in bogota done by bicycle.(0.5% before cicloRuta) bicycle.(0.5% before cicloRuta)
metro bus,train,bus,train, metro
source : LTDS 2010/11 source : LTDS 2010/11
Bogota
5% 5%
of all trips in is london is done by bicycle. of all trips in london done by bicycle. source : LTDS 2009/10 source : LTDS 2009/10
Santiago
empty stationempty station
full station
full station
Amsterdam
bogotá, colombia 8%
of all car trips in amsterdam are shorter than 5 km
Madrid
other 2%
walking
24%
bicycle
of all car trips in madrid are shorter than 5 km
CBS bewerking OBI
42%
33%
42%
using their bikes for their daily commute
average number per home
seguridad vial madrid
3 trips
per person per day
gemeente Amsterdam
400 KM
of bike paths. gemeente Amsterdam
24,4%
186 KM
gemeente Amsterdam
Amsterdam 8% 6% 2% 6% 1% 42% 33% 1% 100%
Den Haag 18% 8% 2% 7% 1% 32% 31% 2% 100%
Rotterdam 15% 10% 1% 9% 1% 25% 38% 1% 100%
Other 22% 11% 1% 1% 1% 39% 23% 1% 100%
41%
34%
0.6%
CBS bewerking OBI
Car as driver Car as passenger Train Bus/tram/metro Moped Bicycle Walking Other Totaal
bus,train, metro
using their bikes for their daily commute
bus,train, metro
car
1.1
0.6%
seguridad vial madrid
14% 8%
gemeente Amsterdam
bicycle walking
car/motor
of bike paths.
Netherlands 21% 11% 1% 2% 1% 39% 24% 1% 100%
plan director movilidad ciclista madrid
seguridad vial madrid
before
after
CBS bewerking OBI
7,5 km bike range
15 km e-bike range Santiago Bogota
70%
of all car trips in bogota are shorter than 3 km
outer London
35%
of all car trips in santiago are shorter than 5 km
inner London
sectra 2001,
NYC Global Partners
5% 3%
walking
the cycling roads transits through all neighborhoods 37%
3%
5%
22%
of all trips to work and education in santiago is done by bicycle.
of all trips in bogota is done by bicycle.(0.5% before cicloRuta)
33%
sectra 2008
NYC Global Partners
outer London
1.66
bicycle
other
700KM
inner London
average number per home
bus,train, metro
of bike paths.
NYC Global Partners
sectra 2008
1.28 trips
per person per day NYC Global Partners
36,000 T 2
CO per year saved by cycling in bogota at present rate
outer London
inner London
NYC Global Partners
336 KM
of bike paths.
NYC Global Partners
Every Sunday 120km of Bogotá’s roads are closed for cars empty station
full station
car, taxi
santiago, chile
Madrid
24%
of all car trips in madrid are shorter than 5 km
walking
0.6%
bus,train, metro
seguridad vial madrid
0.6%
24%
High ambitions
41%
34%
Madrid
bicycle
using their bikes for their daily commute seguridad vial madrid
of all car trips in madrid are shorter than 5 km
186 KM
seguridad vial madrid
of bike paths.
seguridad vial madrid
0.6%
walking
24,4%
0.6%
bus,train, metro
car/motor 41%
34%
plan director movilidad ciclista madrid
using their bikes for their daily commute
ro
seguridad vial madrid
24,4%
186 KM
car/motor 7,5 km bike range
of bike paths.
nds
don
bicycle
plan director movilidad ciclista madrid
seguridad vial madrid
15 km e-bike range
Receptive culture for cycling
Santiago
35%
bicycle
other
of all car trips in santiago are shorter than 5 km
5% 3%
walking
car, taxi
sectra 2001,
3%
37% 22%
Santiago
of all trips to work and education in santiago is done by bicycle. sectra 2008 of all car trips in santiago are shorter than 5 km
700KM
35%
sectra 2001,
33%
22% sectra 2008
33%
sectra 2008
700KM
car, taxi 37%
of all trips to work and education in santiago is done by bicycle.
don
5% 3%
walking bus,train, metro
of bike paths.
3%
bicycle
other
bus,train, metro
of bike paths. sectra 2008
Dangerous mix of traffic
The Golden Ribbon, Jiaozuo, China
design of the route profile 车道设计之 横断面
design of the route profile variations 车道设计之 横断面设计变化
The Golden Ribbon, Jiaozuo, China
The Golden Ribbon, Jiaozuo, China
Delft
University Campus 1969 Delft University of Technology
rethinking a lot
Future task Planning the accesible city
Planning the accesible city Mekelpark / Delft University of Technology 2009
Planning the accesible city Delft Train station and municipal offices
cargobikes could have a large effect on the cityscape: - street profiles - urban network
How cargobikes could change the city
shifted to trip chains e.g. bike and train, we were able to identify the share of trips that could be shifted from motorised vehicles to the bicycle. We see that 25% out of the 49% of all urban motorised trips with goods transport could be shifted to cycling.
FACT: in an average european city halF oF all Motorised trips related to goods transport could be shiFted to bicycle or cargo bike. Basline
How CycleLogistics can change the traffic in an average city in an average european city with 240.000 inhabitants there are about 1.000.000 trips per day.
1,000,000
400,000
600,000
490,000
All trips
Bicycle, pedestrian, Public Transport
Motor vehicle trips
Motorised trips related to goods transport
nuMber oF trips per day
nuMber oF trips to shiFt to bicycle & cargobike
relative % oF shiFt within Mot. trips related to goods
490,000
250.000
51%
Delivery
100,000
25.000
25%
Service and business
110,000
55.000
50%
Shopping
130,000
100.000
77%
Leisure
90,000
40.000
44%
Commuter
60,000
30.000
50%
Motorised trips related to goods transport
source: cyclelogistics.eu FACT:
l
Internet shopping is expanding, mobility changes
7 fEbruari 2015 ElsEviEr
47
ElsEviEr 7 fEbruari 2015
48
EconomiE
7 fEbruari 2015 ElsEviEr
1
Kluisjes
Consument �10,8 miljoe
n onlinekopers (20 13) besteed bedrag per jaar 982 euro (20 13) �Totale onlinebested ingen 13,7 miljard euro (ve rwacht 2014) �Gemiddeld online
START
nkelen, entie voor kjes af te auto.
arkt wordt in Nederland ge r enkele grote spelers. Abso r is PostNL. Volgens Thuis rancheorganisatie voor web PostNL circa 70 procent van nden. Waar de postmarkt in aal van 2014 met 11 procent ichte van een jaar eerder, al pakketten dat PostNL be ocent. De omzet uit de pak edroeg in 2013 803 miljoen . ‘De pakkettendivisie wordt ds belangrijker. De bezor van pakketjes moet een van het wegvallen van de compenseren,’ zegt Gerrit enbroek, algemeen direc PostNL Pakketten Benelux. verwachten dat de groei van akketmarkt doorzet. Er ko steeds nieuwe categorieën bij die mensen online kopen. linelevensmiddelen aan een jn.’ current van PostNL is DHL , onderdeel van Deutsche mzet uit de pakketbezorging pen jaar in de Benelux zo’n o. ‘We moeten blijven sleu infrastructuur om de groei e kunnen blijven bijbenen,’ n Benten (50), CEO van DHL Naast deze twee grote spe etbedrijven, zoals GLS, DPD, press, die in Nederland een
BRON: THUISWINKEL
MARKT MONITOR
at liefst thuis Op deendteonutvrm angt pakje Consum
tie atieve loca % Altern
% Thuis
Omzetcijfers van PostNL
Wat mensen via internet kope n (2013)
post
90
2014
miljard euro
2,0
1,6 Totaal 10,7 miljard euro
3,9
Telecom
1,5 1,0
Pakketbedrijf
0,5 0
Zes grote spelers in Nederland 0,8
1.5
3
Reizen
Hard& software
BRON: THUISWINKEL MARKT
2011
2012
2013 BRON: POSTNL
š PostNL, DHL Parcel, GLS, DPD, UPS en TNT
Grootste speler PostNL
MONITOR
Postbedrijf in cijfers
š 18 pakketdepots š Groei volume pakketdivisie 8% in 2014 š 131 miljoen pakjes in 2013 š Record: ruim 1 miljoen, 2 december 2014
87 2011
internationaal
pakjes
2,5
Overig Boodschappen 0,5 Elektronica & witgoed 0,8 Boeken, cd's, 0,7 DVD's, games 0,9 Kleding
š Kluisjes DHL Hoeveel: 25 bij tank- en treinstations š Pakketautomaten PostNL Hoeveel: 9 op treinstations (onder meer Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Den Haag, Utrecht) š Kluisjeswanden pakketservice De Buren Hoeveel: 50 in Citybox, winkelcentra
Meer pakjes
Huis, tuin en keuken
13
10
AMRO BRON: ABN
BRON: POSTNL
5
Onlineklanten
Groei aantal onlinekopers 8 6
š Er zijn 2.100 postkantoren pakjes terug š Consument stuurt 13% van BRON: ABN AMRO
Niet thuis
4
2005
Bestelling retour
bij de š 70% van de pakjes kan afgeleverd consument thuis worden Dan kan 95% š Zijn de buren thuis? afgeleverd van de pakjes worden AMRO
2 0
Postkantoor
Buren
de pakjes Overdag wordt 31% van afgeleverd bij de buren
10 miljoen
2013 BRON: CBS EN BLAUW RESEARCH I.S.M. THUISWINKEL.ORG
Wat stuurt consument terug? Mode Schoenen Sport Gemiddeld Doe-het-zelf Wonen Elektronica
BRON: E-SHARP/ABN
4
Meer conc
urrentie Aantal webw inkels
20.000
2
3 Zalando
0
Explosieve groei
BRON: ING ECONO MISCH BUREA U
9 BRON: TWINKLE (2014)
Groei aantal koe
fysieke winkel
3 2005
2014 MONITOR BRON: THUISWINKEL MARKT
0
18 %
14
48
per post
20
ophaIen door service postbode/bezorg
2.000 1.000
6 0
servicepunt
kjes Strijd om pa riers 4.000 3.000
12
4 Coolblue 5 Thuisbezorgd.nl
BRON: ABN AMRO
6.000 5.000
15 miljard euro
9% 5%
Hoe consum
2007 2013
Omzet online winkelen
13% 11%
Per postenten pakjes terugsturen
BRON: CBS
5.000
Grote jongens
16% 16% 14%
(derde kwartaal 20 14)
10.000
Webwinkel
1 Ahold (bol.com en ah.nl) 2 RFS Holland (Wehkamp)
Koerier
š Tot 500 kilogram geen vergunning nodig š Omzetgroei 9%
15.000
Top-5 omzet webwinkels
ElsEviEr 7 fEbruari 2015
2007
2014 BRON: CBS
u nt Naar afleverp
BRON: ABN AMRO
en
source: elsevier.nl
’Voor n komers lastig o staan houd
what if A CARGOBIKE DELIVERS YOUR GOODS
diversification of mobility as a whole WHAT´S ON A BIKE PATH?
police-security
sightseeing/tour bikes transport-delivery-post family and kids (tricycles/minibikes)
tricycles-adults bikes
tandems
city-commuting-folding bikes
wheelchairs-limited mobility
recreational cycling
walking-jogging
kick scooters-rollers-skates
electric vehicles-segways road bikes-mountan bikes-BMX bikes
velomobiles
motorbikes and scooters
handbikes-secumbent bikes
≠SPEED, RYTHM AND MANOEUVRABILITY! lifestyle, health, increasing amount of elderly, rise of ebikes
highway as an inspiration?
100 km / hour
20 km / hour
different speeds
100 km/h truck lane 120 km/h car lane
15 km/h cargo bike 25 km/h elec. bike
highway
new bike path
impact on urban planning: example: street in old city center, supplying shops
what if: all delivery is done by cargobike?
doorstep carparking
road
delivering goods
doorstep and bike parking bike lane
impact on suburban area's: delivering to homes
what if: all delivery is done by cargobike?
empty shop
doorstep car road
parallel road with parking on both sides
distribution center
bike parking bike lane (slow) bike lane (fast)
impact of cargobikes on the existing delivery network DISTRIBUTION CENTER
DISTRIBUTION CENTER
DISTRIBUTION CENTER
what if A CARGOBIKE DELIVERS YOUR GOODS
a new distribution model?
SMALL DISTRIBUTION CENTER
back to basics, fine network Leegstand periferie 40% Bijna veertig procent van de 2,4 miljoen vierkante meter winkelleegstand in Nederland is te vinden op decentrale retaillocaties. Winkelleegstand heeft consequenties voor de vitaliteit en leefbaarheid van centrumgebieden in heel Nederland maar kent grote lokale variaties. De leegstand is in de periode 2008-2013 vooral gegroeid in middelgrote steden. In de periferie van Nederland worden vooral de stedelijke kernen getroffen, meer dan de rurale en suburbane gebieden. Binnen de Randstad worden juist rurale gebieden relatief harder getroffen.
source: NRW en brancheorganisatie INretail
reactivating the periphery
space for cargobikes
empty shop
doorstep
road with car parking on both sides
distribution center
bike parking bike lane (slow) bike lane (fast)
forward to basics: cycling and cargobikes can fundamentally change the face of a city and can contribute to making it a better place for people.
space for the dairyman
forward to basics