Urban Green Infrastructure planning guide sep 2017 GreenSurge project by GroeneSteden

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URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING A GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS Technical Report · September 2017 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10100.86406

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5 authors, including: Rieke Hansen Technische Universität München 31 PUBLICATIONS 306 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

URBES - Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services View project Green Infrastructure and Urban Biodiversity for Sustainable Urban Development and the Green Economy (GREEN SURGE) View project

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June 2017

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING A GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS

WƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ͛ ŐƵŝĚĞ ƚŽ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ĐŝƟĞƐ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ h &Wϳ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ 'Z E ^hZ' ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING – A GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS ^ƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ͗ Hansen, R., Rall, E., Chapman, E., Rolf, W., Pauleit, S. (eds., 2017). Urban Green Infrastructure WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͗ 'ƵŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ WƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ͘ 'Z E ^hZ' ͘ ZĞƚƌŝĞǀĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬŐƌĞĞŶƐƵƌŐĞ͘ĞƵͬ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐͲƉĂĐŬĂŐĞƐͬǁƉϱͬ

GREEN SURGE Deliverable 5.3 tŽƌŬ WĂĐŬĂŐĞ ϱ͗ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ Partners Involved: TUM, UNIBA, FFCUL, MRI, UCPH, UH, WU, SRC, FCRA, ICLEI, ULOD, UL, WZK& ;ƐĞĞ >ŝƐƚ ŽĨ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƐ͕ ƉĂŐĞƐ ϵϰͲϵϱ ĨŽƌ ĨƵůů ŶĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐͿ The content of this report is based on the results of research on green infrastructure planning ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ h &Wϳ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ 'Z E ^hZ' ; Es͘ϮϬϭϯ͘ϲ͘ϮͲϱͲ ϲϬϯϱϲϳ͖ ϮϬϭϯͲϮϬϭϳͿ See more at ǁǁǁ͘ŐƌĞĞŶƐƵƌŐĞ͘ĞƵ

ĚŝƚŽƌƐ͗ ZŝĞŬĞ ,ĂŶƐĞŶ͕ ŵŝůǇ ZĂůů͕ ůĞĂŶŽƌ ŚĂƉŵĂŶ͕ tĞƌŶĞƌ ZŽůĨ͕ ^ƚĞƉŚĂŶ WĂƵůĞŝƚ ;dhDͿ ZĞǀŝĞǁ͗ ŝĂŶĐĂ ŵďƌŽƐĞͲKũŝ ;& Z Ϳ͕ ĂƌďĂƌĂ ŶƚŽŶ ;/ > /Ϳ >ĂǇŽƵƚ͗ ůĞĂŶŽƌ ŚĂƉŵĂŶ͕ ZŝĞŬĞ ,ĂŶƐĞŶ ; ĂƐŝĐ >ĂǇŽƵƚ͗ ^ĐĂŶĚŝŶĂǀŝĂŶ ƌĂŶĚŝŶŐͿ

WƌŝŶĐŝƉĂů ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƐ͗ Rieke Hansen, Emily Rall, Stephan Pauleit, Werner Rolf, Sandra Fohlmeister and Sabrina ƌůǁĞŝŶ ;dhDͿ ƌƚƵƌ ^ĂŶƚŽƐ͕ ŶĂ ĂƚĂƌŝŶĂ >Ƶǌ͕ DĂƌŐĂƌŝĚĂ ^ĂŶƚŽƐͲZĞŝƐ͕ ƌŝƐƟŶĂ ƌĂŶƋƵŝŶŚŽ ;&& h>Ϳ ǀĂ 'ĞƌƅŚĄǌŝ͕ >ƵĐĂ ^ǌĄƌĂǌ͕ /ǀĄŶ dŽƐŝĐƐ ;DZ/Ϳ ĂŶŝĞů ƌŝŶŬŵĞǇĞƌ ;dh Ϳ ůĞǆĂŶĚĞƌ ǀĂŶ ĚĞƌ :ĂŐƚ ;& Z Ϳ KůĞ ,͘ ĂƐƉĞƌƐĞŶ͕ ŶƚŽŶ ^ƚĂŚů KůĂĨƐƐŽŶ͕ ^ĂŶĚƌĂ 'ĞŶƟŶ ;h W,Ϳ ůŝǀĞ ĂǀŝĞƐ͕ zŽůĞ Ğ ĞůůŝƐ ĂŶĚ ZĂīĂĞůĞ >ĂĨŽƌƚĞǌǌĂ ;hE/ Ϳ <ĂƟ sŝĞƌŝŬŬŽ ;h,Ϳ ƌŝŬ ŶĚĞƌƐƐŽŶ ;^Z Ϳ ĂŶĚ :ĂŬƵď <ƌŽŶĞŶďĞƌŐ ;h>K Ϳ ZŽǌĂůŝũĂ ǀĞũŝđ͕ aƉĞůĂ ĞůĞǌŶŝŬĂƌ͕ DŽũĐĂ EĂƐƚƌĂŶ͕ DĂƌŝŶĂ WŝŶƚĂƌ ;h>Ϳ dŝŵ ĞůƐŚĂŵŵĂƌ ; ŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂͿ

&ƌĞŝƐŝŶŐ ͬ DƵŶŝĐŚ͕ :ƵŶĞ ϮϬϭϳ /ŵĂŐĞ ĐƌĞĚŝƚƐ͗ /ĐŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ǁǁǁ͘ŇĂƟĐŽŶ͘ĐŽŵ͕ ůŝĐĞŶƐĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ z ϯ͘Ϭ dŝƚůĞ ƉĂŐĞ͗ ĞƌŝĂů ǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ WĂƌĐŽ EŽƌĚ DŝůĂŶŽ͕ /ƚĂůǇ͘ ŽƵƌƚĞƐǇ ŽĨ Z^ & Ͳ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŐĞŶĐǇ ĨŽƌ Agriculture and Forestry Services, Milan Other credits listed with associated images

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING A GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS

PREFACE There has been much research in recent years focusing on how green space can contribute to health, quality of life and economic growth in cities. Emerging from some of this research is a new concept: urban green infrastructure (UGI) planning – an integrated approach to strategically planning green spaces. This guide presents this new approach as well as offering guidance and inspiration for the planning and governance of cities around the world. The content of this guide is based on the results of research on current knowledge and practice of green infrastructure planning and implementation in Europe, as part of the project Green Infrastructure and Urban Biodiversity for Sustainable Urban Development and the Green Economy (2013-2017) – GREEN SURGE for short. The project is a collaboration between 24 partners in 11 countries and is funded by the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). Overall, GREEN SURGE aims to identify, develop and test ways of linking green spaces, biodiversity, people and a green economy, in order to meet major urban ϐ Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥ

This guide is a product of GREEN SURGE Work Package 5 ‘Green infrastructure planning and implementation’ and is the result of three consecutive phases of research: 1) analysis of the current stateof-the-art in planning practice across 20 European cities, 2) analysis of good practices in 10 of those cities, and 3) tool and strategy development in selected Urban Learning Labs. The research included literature reviews, analysis of planning documents and other written ǡ ϐ ǡ ings, stakeholder workshops, interviews ϐ ǡ Ǧ ϐ Ǥ ϐ ϐ found on the project website at http:// greensurge.eu/working-packages/wp5/. A first draft edition of this guide was shared with GREEN SURGE partners in different European cities for review and field testing in 2016. This edition incorporates their feedback. We would like to warmly thank all those who shared their experience and ideas as part of this process!

dŚĞ 'Z E ^hZ' ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƚĞĂŵ ŝŶ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͕ ϮϬϭϰ͘ DĂŶǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƉŝĐƚƵƌĞĚ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ŐƵŝĚĞ͘ Credit: GREEN SURGE

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

A B C

D E

>ŝƐƚ ŽĨ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐ ,Žǁ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŐƵŝĚĞ͍

iii iv vi

tŚĂƚ ŝƐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ǁŚǇ ĚŽ ŝƚ͍ An overview 'ƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚǇƉŽůŽŐǇ hƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ

1 3 6 7

ŽƌĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ŽĨ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ 'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͗ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͗ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͗ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͗ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ

21 23 27 31 36

DĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶ͊ ŵďĞĚĚŝŶŐ h'/ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͗ ƵŶĐŽǀĞƌ ǀĂůƵĞ ĂŶĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ͗ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͗ ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͗ ƚĂŬĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ

43 ϰϱ 46 ϱϬ ϱϮ ϱϱ

ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶĞǆƚ ƐƚĞƉƐ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ZĞŇĞĐƟŶŐ ŽŶ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ ZĂƉŝĚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ĞƚĂŝůĞĚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ

57 ϱϵ 60 61 62

ƌŽƐƐͲĐƵƫŶŐ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ɛŝǆ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ĐŝƟĞƐ

dŽŽůďŽǆ dϭ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ dϮ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ Ă 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ dϯ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ dϰ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ'ƌĞǇ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ dϱ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ dϲ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ dϳ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ dϴ͗ &ƵŶĚŝŶŐ dŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ DĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ

83 ϴϱ 86 87 88 ϴϵ ϵϬ ϵϭ ϵϮ

Appendix >ŝƐƚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƐ

93 ϵϰ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

LIST OF CASE STUDIES

A B

iii

Žǆ

ŝƚǇ͕ ŽƵŶƚƌǇ

ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ

ůŵĂĚĂ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ

,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ͕ &ŝŶůĂŶĚ

h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͕ ^ĐŽƚůĂŶĚ

ĚŝďůĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ

ϭϱ

ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͕ ^ĐŽƚůĂŶĚ

'ƌĂŶƚŽŶ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ 'ĂƌĚĞŶĞƌƐ

ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶ͕ Denmark

ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶ ůŽƵĚďƵƌƐƚ WůĂŶ

^ǌĞŐĞĚ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů

Ϯϱ

ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

/ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ůĞǀĞů

Ϯϵ

Malmö, Sweden

DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ DĂůŵƂ

Ljubljana, Slovenia

ĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ^ŝƚĞ

ƵĚĂƉĞƐƚ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

Teleki Square and Helmholtz Square

>ŝƐďŽŶ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

WW'/^ ĂƐ Ă ƚŽŽů ĨŽƌ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ

ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ WW'/^

Malmö, Sweden

dŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ƉĞƌŝͲƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ŝŶ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ

ϰϵ

hƚƌĞĐŚƚ͕ The Netherlands

EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ 'ƌĞĞŶ WůĂŶƐ

ϱϬ

Malmö, Sweden

DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ ůƵĞ WůĂŶ

ϱϭ

DŝůĂŶ͕ /ƚĂůǇ

hƌďĂŶ ƌĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ

ϱϯ

ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

h'/ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŚĞůƉ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ

ϱϰ

Lodz, Poland

WWW ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů

ϱϱ

Ljubljana, Slovenia

dĞƐƟŶŐ ŶĞǁ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ

ϱϲ

Malmö, Sweden

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ

DŝůĂŶ͕ /ƚĂůǇ

DŝůĂŶ͛Ɛ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů EĞƚǁŽƌŬ

Aarhus, Denmark

ZĞŶĞǁĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ

ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͕ ^ĐŽƚůĂŶĚ

ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͛Ɛ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ

>ŝƐďŽŶ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

ĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ h'/ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ /z

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

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HIGHLIGHTS t, d /^ hZ E 'Z E /E&Z ^dZh dhZ W> EE/E'͍ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ;h'/Ϳ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌ Ă ǁŝĚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ Ăƚ Ăůů ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞƐ͘

t,z /^ hZ E 'Z E /E&Z ^dZh dhZ ^K /DWKZd Ed͍ h'/ ŝƐ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ Ă ďƌŽĂĚ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ĂĚĂƉƟŶŐ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘ dŽ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ ƚŚŝƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕ ůŽĐĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ƉůĂŶ ĐĂƌĞĨƵůůǇ ĂŶĚ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐĂůůǇ͘

CORE PRINCIPLES ƐŽƵŶĚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĨŽƵƌ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ͗ ͻ 'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ʹ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ ͻ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ʹ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ͻ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ʹ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ services

ͻ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ʹ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ

ĂƌĐĞůŽŶĂ ŚĂƐ ƉůĂŶƐ ƚŽ ŝŶǀĞƐƚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůǇ ŝŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ͚'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ WůĂŶ͛ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĂŵďŝƟŽƵƐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƚŽŽů ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƐĞůǇͲďƵŝůƚ DĞĚŝƚĞƌƌĂŶĞĂŶ ŵĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƐ͘ ǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŝŶ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ǁǁǁ͘ďĂƌĐĞůŽŶĂ͘ĐĂƚ Credit: Rieke Hansen

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

HIGHLIGHTS KEY MESSAGES &Žƌ ďĞƐƚ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͕ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ͗ ͻ ŵďƌĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ʹ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ͊ ůů ƚǇƉĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ƌĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐ ŽĨ ŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ Žƌ ŽƌŝŐŝŶ͕ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘

ͻ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͗ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů E ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ͘ ͻ Use a mix of assessment tools to raise awareness of the diverse values of h'/ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŐĂŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞƐĞ͘

ͻ Seek support to develop UGI planning strategies, for example, through ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞƐ Žƌ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ͕ Žƌ ďǇ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ǁŝŶĚŽǁƐ ŽĨ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ͘

ͻ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ Ăƚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƐĐĂůĞƐ͕ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ŵĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ƐŝƚĞƐ͘

ͻ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ͘ ͻ ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ ͻ ĞǀĞůŽƉ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ͕ ďƵƚ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ͕ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝǆ ͚ŚĂƌĚ͛ ĂŶĚ ͚ƐŽŌ͛ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂĚŽƉƟŶŐ Ă ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŽƵƚůŽŽŬ͘

ͻ ^ƚĂƌƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ƚŽ ƚĞƐƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďƵŝůĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘ ͻ hŶůŽĐŬ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ďǇ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐ͕ ƉŽŽůŝŶŐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ͘

ͻ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ůĞƐƐ ǀŽĐĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ƚŚĞŵ͕ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐŝŶŐ ƐŬŝůů ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘

ͻ >ŽŽŬ ĨŽƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ůŝŶŬƐ͕ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘

^ĞůĨͲĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŽŽůƐ͗ ͻ ŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚƐ ;WĂƌƚ Ϳ ƚŽ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ ǇŽƵƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͛Ɛ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ dŽŽůďŽǆ ĨŽƌ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ ƉƵƚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘

t Ed dK <EKt DKZ ͍ ZĞƉŽƌƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƌŬ ƉĂĐŬĂŐĞƐ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ŐƵŝĚĞ ĂƌĞ ůŝƐƚĞĚ ďĞůŽǁ ĂŶĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ GREEN SURGE website. Deliverable 3.1 ǀĞũŝđ͕ Z͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϱ͘ ƚǇƉŽůŽŐǇ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵĂŶĚƐ͘ &ƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ͘ 'Z E ^hZ' ϯ͘ϭ Deliverable 4.1 ŶĚĞƌƐƐŽŶ͕ ͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϱ͘ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ZĞĂů ĐŽŶŽŵŝĞƐ͘ 'Z E ^hZ' ϰ͘ϭ͘ Deliverable 5.1 ĂǀŝĞƐ͕ ͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϱ͘ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ŽĨ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĂŶ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ĐŝƚǇͲƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͘ 'Z E ^hZ' ϱ͘ϭ͘

Deliverable 5.2 ,ĂŶƐĞŶ͕ Z͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϲ͘ ĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ͗ /ŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƵƌŽͲ ƉĞĂŶ ŝƚŝĞƐ͘ 'Z E ^hZ' ϱ͘Ϯ͘ Deliverable 6.1 ƵŝǌĞƌ͕ D͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϱ͘ dŚĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶͲ ĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ hͲĐŝƚŝĞƐ͗ WŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ WƌĂĐƚŝĐĞƐ͕ ĐƚŽƌƐ͕ dŽƉŝĐƐ͘ 'Z E ^hZ' ϲ͘ϭ

Deliverable 6.2 ƵŝũƐ͕ ͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϲ͘ /ŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞƐ͗ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ϭϴ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ around Europe. GREEN SURGE D6.2 DŝůĞƐƚŽŶĞ ϯϮ <ƌŽŶĞŶďĞƌŐ͕ :͕͘ ŶĚĞƌƐƐŽŶ͕ ͕͘ ϮϬϭϲ͘ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ sĂůƵĂƚŝŽŶ͗ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚŝŶŐ sĂůƵĞ ŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ sĂůƵĂƚŝŽŶ DĞƚŚŽĚƐ͘ GREEN SURGE Milestone MS32.

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE tŚŽ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƵƐĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŐƵŝĚĞ͍ This guide is designed primarily for planners and local government decision-makers who are interested in ways to better plan and maintain urban green space networks. Allied profes ϐ urban planning, land management or sustainable urban development may ϐ Ǥ Although this publication is focused on European cities, much of it may be useful for practitioners in other parts of the world, too. All guidance needs to be considered in light of its applicability to

local conditions, such as the planning system, available resources, relevant actors, and the most pressing social, environmental and economic challenges.

cooperative tool and strategy development with three of the GREEN SURGE Urban Learning Labs (Berlin, Malmö and Ljubljana), as well as research undertaken in Lisbon.

tŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ŝŶƐŝĚĞ͍ This guide offers inspiration and advice to support local green space planning, ϐ research. It includes 25 brief overviews of case studies from 13 different European cities. Most cases are examples of good practice and all provide lessons for practitioners across Europe (also see Deliverable 5.2). Six are based on

EĂǀŝŐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐƵŝĚĞ The guide is divided into seven parts, designed for easy navigation between them. Parts A, B and C correspond to the context, core principles and practice of UGI planning, including case studies related to each theme. Part D looks at next steps, and Part E contains additional case studies that cut across a range of the themes presented.

What is UGI planning - and why do it?

/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞƐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚĂĐŬůŝŶŐ ŐůŽďĂů ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͘

Core principles of UGI planning

hŶƉĂĐŬƐ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵƌ ŝŶƚĞƌͲůŝŶŬĞĚ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶ ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

DĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶ͊

ŽŽŵƐ ŝŶ ŽŶ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ ďĞƩĞƌ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ h'/ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ͘

Conclusion and next steps

^ƵŵƐ ƵƉ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚƐ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǆƚ ƐƚĞƉ ĂŶĚ ŬŝĐŬƐƚĂƌƚ ǇŽƵƌ ŽǁŶ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ͘

ƌŽƐƐͲĐƵƫŶŐ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ

WƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ĚĞƚĂŝů ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů͕ ĐƌŽƐƐͲĐƵƫŶŐ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƉĂŶ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ƚŚĞŵĞƐ͘

Toolbox

WƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĂŶ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƟŶŐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

Appendix

>ŝƐƚƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŐƵŝĚĞ͘

LEGEND ֻ /ŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐ Ă ĐƌŽƐƐͲůŝŶŬ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŬĞǇ ƚŚĞŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ ŝŶ WĂƌƚƐ ͕ ͕ ĂŶĚ ͘ /ŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐ Ă ĐůŝĐŬĂďůĞ ŚǇƉĞƌůŝŶŬ ƚŽ Ă ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŽŶůŝŶĞ͘ ŝƌĞĐƚƐ ǇŽƵ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƚŽŽůďŽǆ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǇŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĮŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

t, d /^ h'/ W> EE/E' ͳ E t,z K /d͍ Ŷ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ 'ƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚǇƉŽůŽŐǇ hƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ

AN OVERVIEW

WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ hZ E 'Z E /E&Z ^dZh dhZ Έh'/Ή W> EE/E' ͵ A DEFINITION UGI planning is a strategic planning approach that aims to develop networks of green and blue spaces in urban areas, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ Ăƚ Ăůů ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞƐ͘ ƵĞ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟǀĞ͕ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝƐ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ Ă ďƌŽĂĚ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ĂĚĂƉƟŶŐ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘

We are in the middle of an urban era. Worldwide, more than half of us live in cities, and the number is rising – making urbanisation a fundamental reality of our common future. There can be little doubt that cities are where ‘our struggle for global sustainability will be won or lost1’. Meanwhile, in the urban context and beyond, concerns have grown regarding loss of biodiversity and degradation of natural resources – giving rise to recognition of the central role that green space networks have to play in cities and cityregions. In May 2013, the European Commission published a strategy to promote green infrastructure – essential to

the functioning of cities and regions – and mainstream it in EU policy areas2. The strategy notes the potential for green spaces to make a major contribution to sustainable development, by enhancing social cohesion, supporting the economy, and adapting to a changing climate, and highlights the importance of green infrastructure solutions in cities, where more than 60% of the EU population lives3. To harness the full potential of urban green spaces, however, a carefully conceived, evidence-based approach is required. This guide aims to support such an approach by providing advice on how to plan for and develop urban green infrastructure (UGI).

dŚĞ ^ĐŚƂŶĞďĞƌŐĞƌ ^ƺĚŐĞůćŶĚĞ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ ŝƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ĂŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĞǆĞŵƉůŝĮĞƐ ĂŶ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ Ăƌƚ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ƵƌďĂŶ ǁŝůĚĞƌŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

REFERENCES 1 United Nations, 2012. Our Struggle for Global Sustainability Will Be Won or Lost in Cities,’ Says Secretary-General, at New York Event [Press release]. Available from: un.org/press/en/2012/sgsm14249.doc.htm

2 European Commission, 2013. Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. Luxembourg. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0249

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

See European Commission, 2013.

hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͙ ͙ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ƚĂĐŬůĞ ŬĞǇ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŝƟĞƐ ĨĂĐĞ

,ĞƌĞ ŝŶ WĂƌƚ ͕ ǁĞ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ŚŽǁ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚǇƉĞƐ ;ƐĞĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ dǇƉŽůŽŐǇ ŽŶ ƉĂŐĞ ϲͿ ĐĂŶ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ĨŽƵƌ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͗ ϭ͘ ĚĂƉƟŶŐ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ Ϯ͘ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ϯ͘ WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ϰ͘ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ These are explored in more detail here in Part A.

…is based on four core principles

ϭͿ 'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ʹ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶĨƌĂͲ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƟůŝƟĞƐ͘

ϮͿ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ʹ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂůŽŶĞ͘

ϯͿ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ʹ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚŽ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ʹ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĚĞͲŽīƐ͘

ϰͿ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ʹ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ Ăůů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘ ůů ĨŽƵƌ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ ŝŶ WĂƌƚ ͘

͙ŵƵƐƚ ďĞ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ

^ƵĐŚ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ Ăůů ƉŚĂƐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ĞĂƌůǇ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ ŝŶ WĂƌƚ ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

&ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŽīĞƌƐ Ă ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂů ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĞĚ ƚŽ ǇŽƵƌ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ ĂƐ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚ ďĞůŽǁ͘ dŚŝƐ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ŝƐ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵƌ ĐŽƌĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ͘ ŽŵďŝŶĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ĂĐƚ ŝŶ ƚǁŽ ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ͗ ϭͿ ƚŽ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ ĨĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ϮͿ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ͘

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URBAN CHALLENGES (PART A)

T EN SM S S N SE AS PLA G S N I ER O P OL D L N H VE DE TAKE TATIO S N E G M GIN LE GA IMP EN

PRINCIPLES (PART B) MAKING IT HAPPEN (PART C)

SUPPORTING PRINCIPLES tŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵƌ ĐŽƌĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů ďĂƐŝƐ ĨŽƌ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĂůƐŽ ƚĂŬĞŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ͗ ͻ DƵůƟͲƐĐĂůĞ͗ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ůŝŶŬ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƉĂƟĂů ůĞǀĞůƐ͕ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ŵĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ƐŝƚĞƐ͘ ͻ DƵůƟͲŽďũĞĐƚ͗ ůů ƚǇƉĞƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ƌĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐ ŽĨ ŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĂŶĚ ŽƌŝŐŝŶ͕ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘ ͻ /ŶƚĞƌͲ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ͗ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ůŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵĂŶĚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĮĞůĚƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ ƵƌďĂŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ŝĚĞĂůůǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ůŽĐĂů ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

GREEN SPACE TYPOLOGY Urban green (and blue) spaces are incredibly diverse, ranging from urban forests to rooftop gardens. Some of these spaces are already typically considered in planning practice, but others (particularly private green spaces such as gardens, but also urban farmlands) have received less attention in research and practice. Often, their contribution to UGI networks is not so well understood.

ůůŽƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ

GREEN SURGE has contributed to this knowledge gap by developing a green space typology made up of 44 elements, in eight groups, and ϐ their corresponding ecosystem services (see Deliverable 3.1). This provides an important basis for understanding the functional connections between green spaces and the surrounding built environment. An overview of the elements is provided below.

EĂƚƵƌĂů͕ ƐĞŵŝͲŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĨĞƌĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ͻ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƌĞŵŶĂŶƚ ǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚ͕ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͕ ŵŝǆĞĚ ĨŽƌŵƐͿ ͻ shrubland ͻ abandoned areas ͻ rocks ͻ sand dunes ͻ ƐĂŶĚ Ɖŝƚ͕ ƋƵĂƌƌǇ͕ ŽƉĞŶ ĐĂƐƚ ŵŝŶĞ ͻ wetland, bog, fen, marsh

ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶƐ ͻ balcony green ͻ ground-based green wall ͻ facade-bound green wall ͻ extensive green roof ͻ intensive green roof ͻ atrium

'ƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚǇƉŽůŽŐǇ͕ ŵĂĚĞ ƵƉ ŽĨ ϰϰ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚǇƉĞƐ ĐůƵƐƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ĞŝŐŚƚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ Image credits: Rieke Hansen

WĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ͻ large urban park ͻ historical park/garden ͻ pocket park ͻ botanical garden/arboretum ͻ zoological garden ͻ neighbourhood green space ͻ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ͻ cemetery and churchyard ͻ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉŽƌƚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ ͻ camping areas

While all these elements can and should be considered in UGI planning, urban green infrastructure is more than simply a new name for existing green space elements. Using the principles of connectivity and multifunctionality, it is possible to determine which of these spaces form part of the city’s UGI network (see Part B) and where it is necessary either to improve the quality of existing elements, or invest in new ones and strengthen linkages (see Part C).

ůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ͻ lake, pond ͻ river, stream ͻ dry riverbed ͻ canal ͻ estuary ͻ delta ͻ coast ZŝǀĞƌďĂŶŬ ŐƌĞĞŶ

WƌŝǀĂƚĞ͕ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞͬŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ͻ bioswale ͻ tree alley and street tree, hedge ͻ street green and green verge ͻ private garden ͻ railroad embankment ͻ green playground, schoolground

ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ůĂŶĚ ͻ arable land ͻ grassland ͻ tree meadow/orchard ͻ ďŝŽĨƵĞů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶͬ agroforestry ͻ ŚŽƌƟĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

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URBAN CHALLENGES

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

GREEN ECONOMY

BIODIVERSITY

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Green space planners are typically well aware of the potential of urban green spaces to contribute to challenges such as human health, species protection and adaptation to climate change. When understood as part of a UGI planning framework, these and other emerging challenges and trends are not just obstacles to be overcome, they can also form important drivers for investing in green space – especially when a challenge is high on the political agenda. For instance, urban growth can present a threat to urban green spaces, but also a chance to recognise UGI’s importance for human welbeing and develop corresponding planning strategies. Economic crises and environmental hazards, such as

A ϐ ǡ testing new ways of planning and managing UGI (see Deliverable 5.2). In this way, adopting a UGI planning approach can assist practitioners to productively link urban challenges with the unrealised potential of green spaces, in the interest of gaining support for planned measures and achieving policy objectives. In the following pages, we look at the potential contribution of UGI to two wellknown challenges – biodiversity protection and climate change adaptation. In addition, we explore two that tend to be lesser-known in planning circles – increasing social cohesion and promoting a green economy (see Deliverable 5.2 for more details).

t >> /E'

URBANISATION

HEALTH

WĂƌĐŽ EŽƌĚ DŝůĂŶŽ ŝƐ Ă ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƉĂƌŬ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ DŝůĂŶ͛Ɛ ŵĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ďĞůƚ͘ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ƐƵĐŚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽƵƚƐŬŝƌƚƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ƚŽ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐƉƌĂǁů͘ Credit: Courtesy of ERSAF Regional Agency for Agriculture and Forestry Services, Milan

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hƌďĂŶ ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͗ ĚĂƉƚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ

h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ƉůĂǇ Ă ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ďǇ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ Žƌ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ͘

Cities are increasingly facing the risks and Ǣ ǡ ǡ ϐ rainfall, heat extremes, drought, effects on health, higher energy demand for heating and cooling, and reduced availability of water and food1. This situation presents an urgent imperative to both mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to them. Climate change adaptation involves making changes to existing systems – whether natural, built or social. This means anticipating adverse effects and taking appropriate action to prevent or minimise the corresponding damage, as well as seizing opportunities that may arise. Adaptation differs from mitigation, which concerns efforts to reduce current and future green-

house gas emissions and enhance carbon storage2. Both mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to address the impacts of climate change, however, it is important to be aware that they do not always work in harmony with one another. For instance, increasing green space may reduce overall urban density and thus Ǧ ϐ ǡ ϐ tive capacity of cities. UGI can play a key role in strategies for climate change adaptation and – to a lesser degree – mitigation, by delivering ȋֻ ȌǤ Importantly, planned adaptation is more cost effective than emergency measures ϐ ȋֻ ȌǤ

dŚĞŝƌ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ǁŝůů ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͗ ƚƌĞĞƐ ŽīĞƌ ƐŚĂĚĞ ƚŽ ďƵīĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ŚĞĂƚ ŝƐůĂŶĚ ĞīĞĐƚ ŝŶ DƵŶŝĐŚ͘ Credit: Stephan Pauleit

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A Ky ϭ͗ >/D d , E' Wd d/KE ^dZ d 'z͕ >D ůŵĂĚĂ ŝƐ Ă ĚĞŶƐĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ >ŝƐďŽŶ DĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ƌĞĂ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů͘ /ƚƐ ĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĐŽĂƐƚůŝŶĞ ĂƩƌĂĐƚƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ϴ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ǀŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ ĂŶŶƵĂůůǇ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ĂůƐŽ ĨĂĐĞƐ ŵĂŶǇ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ůĂŶĚƐůŝĚĞƐ͕ ƌŝƐŝŶŐ ƐĞĂ ůĞǀĞůƐ͕ ĚƌŽƵŐŚƚ͕ ŇĂƐŚ ŇŽŽĚƐ͕ ƐĂůŝŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĮƌĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ůŽƐƐ͘ /Ŷ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͕ ůŵĂĚĂ ŚĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂŶ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ŚĞĂůƚŚŝĞƌ͕ ƐĂĨĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ ĐŝƚǇ͘ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ /Ŷ ϭϵϵϵ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ůŵĂĚĂ established the Department of SustainͲ ĂďůĞ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ; ' ^Ϳ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĨƵŶĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐĞĐƵƌĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϮ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ͚ h ŝƟĞƐ ĚĂƉƚ͛ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŶĂďůĞĚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͛ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ ' ^ ůĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞƌŐǇ ŐĞŶĐǇ ŽĨ ůŵĂĚĂ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ŵŽŶŝͲ

hƌďĂŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶ The intensity, frequency and length of summer heatwaves is expected to increase in the future. Urban areas are hit particularly hard due to their high concentration of impervious surfaces. There is evidence that increasing the quantity of UGI elements can play a role in countering the urban heat island effect3. However, as individual parks have limited cooling capacity on their own, they should ideally form part of a network, including green corridors that

ƚŽƌĞĚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŽĚĞůůĞĚ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͘ ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ dŚĞ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ' ^͕ ŝƚƐ ĐůĞĂƌ ĨŽĐƵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ŵƵůƟͲƐŬŝůůĞĚ ƚĞĂŵ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŬĞǇ ƚŽ ůŵĂĚĂ͛Ɛ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ƐŽ ĨĂƌ͘ ŵƵůƟƐĐĂůĞ ĂŶĚ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ǁĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ͚ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͛ ĂŶĚ ͚ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͛ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ /Ŷ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ǀŝƐƵĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ;ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůͿ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďǇ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ƌŝƐŬƐ͘ DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ͕ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ h ŝƟĞƐ ĚĂƉƚ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ h ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĐĂƚĂͲ ůǇƐĞĚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ͕ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ŚĂƐ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ƵƌďĂŶ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ ĐŽĂƐƚĂů ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂƚ ŝƐůĂŶĚ ĞīĞĐƚ͘ &ƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŚƵŵĂŶ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ Ă ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ďŽƩůĞŶĞĐŬ ĨŽƌ ŝƚƐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘

allow cool, unpolluted air to penetrate the city from the surrounding country ȋֻ ȌǤ

ŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ ƌŝǀĞƌŝŶĞ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂů ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŇŽŽĚƐ Intense rainfall events are likely to increase in frequency and magnitude because of climate change4 and lead to a demand for improved stormwater management. Here, ‘greening’ grey infrastructure can play a role, e.g., utilising bioswales or rain gardens in

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ǆĂŵƉůĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͗ ƵŶĞ ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ^͘ :ŽĆŽ ĚĂ ĂƉĂƌŝĐĂ ďĞĂĐŚĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƐĂŶĚ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ĞƌŽƐŝŽŶ͘ Credit: Almada City Council

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ ƐƚƌĂƚĠŐŝĂ >ŽĐĂů ƉĂƌĂ ĂƐ ůƚĞƌĂĕƁĞƐ ůŝŵĄƟĐĂƐ ŶŽ DƵŶŝĐşƉŝŽ de Almada (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Almada, 2007. ŽĂƐƚĂů ŚĂǌĂƌĚ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŽŽů͗ ůŵĂĚĂ͛Ɛ >ŽĐĂů ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĨŽƌ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ͘ Lopes, N. et al, 2014. 5th Global Forum on Urban Resilience and ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ŽŶŶ͘ h ŝƟĞƐ ĚĂƉƚ Ͳ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ŝƟĞƐ͗ &ŝŶĂů ZĞƉŽƌƚ͘ Ricardo-AEA, 2013.

lieu of conventional stormwater ȋֻ ȌǤ

ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƐĞĂͲůĞǀĞů ƌŝƐĞ Cities in low-elevation coastal zones face the threat of rising sea-levels, with associated risks of submergence and ϐ Ǥ possible solutions are the maintenance and restoration of coastal landforms and ecosystems, including increasing vegetation so as to stabilise sand dunes5 ȋֻ ͳ ȌǤ

< z D ^^ ' ^͗ h'/ &KZ Wd/E' dK >/D d , E' /ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ǁŝŶĚŽǁƐ ŽĨ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ Where urban challenges are widely recognised, and the need to act upon them has ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ůĞŐŝƟŵĂĐǇ ĂŵŽŶŐ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĨƵů ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ƋƵŽ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŽĨ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ͕ ƌĞǀŝĞǁŝŶŐ ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ h'/ ŝƐ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ĐĂŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ Ă ĐĂƐĞ ĨŽƌ ŝŶǀĞƐƟŶŐ ŝŶ h'/͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŚĂƐ ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ŵĂŶǇ ĐŝƟĞƐ ŚĂƐ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƐŽŵĞ ĐŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ƐĞĐƵƌĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ;ֻ Žǆ ϰ DĂůŵƂ͕ ϭ ůŵĂĚĂ͕ ĂŶĚ ϯ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘

ƐƐĞƐƐ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ īĞĐƟǀĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ŝŶ ĨŽĐƵƐ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐϲ (ֻAssessing h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ĚƌĂǁ ŽŶ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƌŝƐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘ ^ƵĐŚ ĂŶ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ƚĂŬĞ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ƚŚĞ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŽĨ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶĂů ũƵƐƟĐĞ͕ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůůǇ ĚŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ŵŽƐƚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ;ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶͿ͘

ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ tŚŝůĞ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŽŌĞŶ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ͕ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ Žƌ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ͕ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂů͘ dŚŝƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞƐ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ include relevant stakeholdersϳ (ֻ/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ĐĂŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϭ ůŵĂĚĂ ĂŶĚ ϭ ^ǌĞŐĞĚͿ͘

REFERENCES 1 Wilby, R. L., 2007. A review of climate change impacts on the built environment. Built Environment 33, 31–45. 2 IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. Summary for policymakers. In: Field, C.B., et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Gr oup II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 1–32.

3 Shaw, R., et al., 2007. Climate change adaptation by design: a guide for sustainable communities. TCPA, London. 4 Tebaldi, C., et al., 2006. Going to the extremes – an intercomparison of modelsimulated historical and future changes in extreme events. Climatic Change 2006, 79 (3–4), 185–211.

See IPCC, 2014.

6 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), 2014. Planning for Climate Change: A Strategic, Values-based Approach for Urban Planners – Toolkit. UNHabitat, Nairobi, Kenya. Available from: https:// unhabitat.org/books/planning-for-climatechange-a-strategic-values-based-approach-forurban-planners-cities-and-climate-changeinitiative/

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

hƌďĂŶ ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͗ WƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŶŐ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ ĂŵŽŶŐ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŵƉůĞǆĞƐ ŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƉĂƌƚ͘ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ďƌŝŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶƚŽ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŵ͘

Loss of biodiversity is a major threat worldwide, requiring attention from policy-makers at the local, regional, national and global levels. Support for halting biodiversity loss has gained increasing attention since the release of the United Nation’s Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992. Major recent initiatives include the UN’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-20201 and its Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service (IPBES)2, as well as the EU’s Biodiversity Strategy to 20203, in addition to hundreds of plans at the local and regional levels. Biodiversity includes diversity within and between species, the variety of original, semi-natural and man-made biotopes (such as forests, dry meadows or private gardens) and, at a larger scale, the diversity of ecosystems themselves4. Although urbanisation often negatively impacts upon biodiversity, urban areas can also ϐ and habitat types, thus offering opportuni-

A ties both for biodiversity protection and for people to experience nature. Through strategic, integrated coordination and management, UGI planning seeks to enhance these opportunities and others. For instance, setting aside areas for ‘wild nature’ may result in lower management costs, while people in regular contact with species-rich environments may experience fewer allergies5.

dŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ Tools for assessing and valuing biodiversity can generally be divided into two categories: a) eco-spatial indicators and Ȍ ϐ Ǥ approach tends to be expert-oriented and ϐ ϐ ǡ are useful for planners. For instance, at the site level, green area factors6 can be a useful tool to calculate green space requirements for new developments. A range of other tools and indicators is ֻ ͳǤ

&ŽƌĞƐƚƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŶĂƟǀĞ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ŝŶ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ͘ &ŝĚĚůĞŚĞĂĚ ĨĞƌŶƐ ĂǁĂŬĞŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ Ă ƐĞĂƐŚŽƌĞ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ƐƉƌŝŶŐ͕ ŽŶ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ͛Ɛ sĂƌƟŽƐĂĂƌŝ ŝƐůĂŶĚ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ <ĂƟ sŝĞƌŝŬŬŽ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

A Ky Ϯ͗ h'/ E dtKZ< &KZ &KZ ^d /K /s Z^/dz͕ , >^/E</ dŚĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ͕ &ŝŶůĂŶĚ͕ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝŐŚĞƐƚ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ĐĂƉŝƚĂůƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ͘ dŚŝƐ ƚŚƌĞĂƚ ŚĂƐ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƌŝƐĞ ƚŽ Ă ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ &ŽƌŵĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂů ĞīŽƌƚƐ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŚĂƐ ĞǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚǁŽ ůĂƌŐĞůǇ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ƉĂƚŚƐ͗ Ă ĨŽƌŵĂů ŽŶĞ ůĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶĐŝů͕ ĂŶĚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ůĞĚ ďǇ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ E'KƐ͘ dŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĂů ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ resulted in an update of the Nature ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ;ϮϬϭϱͲϮϬϮϰͿ͕ ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝŶŐ ϰϳ ŶĞǁ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ ʹ ĂůŵŽƐƚ ĚŽƵďůĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƚĂů ĂƌĞĂ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ǁĂƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ ŝƚǇ DĂƐƚĞƌ WůĂŶ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ĨƵůůǇ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ E'KƐ͕ who outlined their own proposal for a ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ7͘ dŚĞǇ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ĮĞůĚ ŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌŝĞƐ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĞĂĐŚ

ĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŽ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ

Support a green economy and sustainable lifestyles

ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ƐŝƚĞ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝƐĞĚ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ;ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ D d^K dŚĞ &ŽƌĞƐƚ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĨŽƌ ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ &ŝŶůĂŶĚ8Ϳ͕ ĂŶĚ ŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ '/^ ĚĂƚĂ͘ >ĞƐƐŽŶƐ ůĞĂƌŶƚ ŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂů ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ĚƌĞǁ ƵƉŽŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ E'KƐ͛ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĂů ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽĸĐŝĂů EĂƚƵƌĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͘ KǀĞƌĂůů͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ďŽƩŽŵͲƵƉ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƉͲĚŽǁŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚ͘ zĞƚ ŝƚ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶĚŝͲ ĐĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ dǁŽͲĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌĂůůĞů ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ǁĂƐ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ůŽǁ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ĨƌĂŐŝůĞ͘ dŚĞ ŝƚǇ DĂƐƚĞƌ WůĂŶ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ Žƌ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ŽŶ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌͲ ƐŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ǁŽƌŬ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƌĞƐŝͲ ĚĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

Improve human health and wellbeing

Bring people into contact with nature and educate them about the environment

Provide diverse ecosystem services and ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ

&ŝĞůĚ ŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌŝĞƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ ďǇ ůŽĐĂů E'K ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ Ă ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĂů͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ <ĂƟ sŝĞƌŝŬŬŽ

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ ʹ ƵƌďĂŶ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ƉůĂŶ ϮϬϭϰ͘ Vierikko et al., 2014 (in Finnish with English summary).

Protect rare, Understand and endangered or adapt to otherwise environmental important species changes, e.g., climate change and other external stressors

dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶǇ ŵŽƟǀĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ƵƌďĂŶ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĨŽƌ ďŽƚŚ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ĞƐŝŐŶ ďǇ ůĞĂŶŽƌ ŚĂƉŵĂŶ͕ ĂĚĂƉƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ <ĂƟ sŝĞƌŝŬŬŽ͕ ϮϬϭϱ͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĞĂƌďŽƌŶ ĂŶĚ <ĂƌŬ͕ ϮϬϬϵ9͘

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ĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŽ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ

A < z D ^^ ' ^͗ h'/ &KZ WZKd d/E' /K /s Z^/dz ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ īŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ /Ŷ ƐŽŵĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ ŝƚ ŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ Žƌ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ďŝŽƚŽƉĞƐ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂůůǇͲĞǀŽůǀĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŇŽƌĂ ĂŶĚ ĨĂƵŶĂ (ֻ Žǆ ϱ >ŝƐďŽŶͿ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ;Žƌ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐͿ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŶĂƟǀĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ;ֻ Žǆ Ϯ ,ĞůƐŝŶŬŝͿ͘

WůĂŶ Ăƚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƐĐĂůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ dŚĞ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞ ĂŶĚ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ŶŽƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ĂƐ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĐŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĐĂŶ ŝŶĂĚǀĞƌƚĞŶƚůǇ ĚŝƐƌƵƉƚ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚ ŇŽǁ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĂƉŽƚƌĂŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉĞĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ֻ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ֻDƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇͿ͘ dŚŝƐ ŽďƐƚĂĐůĞ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ Žƌ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ďǇ ŵƵůƟͲƐĐĂůĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĂĐŚĞƐ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ĐŝƚǇ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝŶŬƐ ƐŝƚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͘

/ŶǀŽůǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŽ ůŽĐĂůƐ ƚŽ ŐĂŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ >ŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŽŌĞŶ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĨƌŽŵ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ŝŶ Žƌ ŶĞĂƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐͲƌŝĐŚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůǇ ǁŝĚĞůǇ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚ͘ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ ĐĂŶ ƚĂŬĞ Ă ŵŽƌĞ ĂĐƟǀĞ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ƌĂŝƐŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚƵƌŶ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͘

ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϭ ĨŽƌ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

͞EĞĂƌůǇ Ăůů ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŚĂƐ ƐŽŵĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ƚŽ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ ĐĂŶ ĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ͗ ŝŶ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ ƚŽ ďŝƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ ŵĂŵŵĂůƐ͕ ŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ͕ ĨƵŶŐŝ ĂŶĚ ĮƐŚ ĐĂŶ Ăůů ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĨƌŽŵ ǁĞůůͲĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂͲ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘͟10

REFERENCES 1 United Nations Environment Programme, n.d. Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. Available from: www.cbd.int/sp

4 Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992. Section I. 3rd Edition. Available from: www.cbd. int/convention/ refrhandbook.shtml

8 See more on the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry website at http://mmm.fi/en/forests/ biodiversity-and-protection/metso-programme

2 See more on the IPBES website at www. ipbes.net

5 Hanski, I., et al., 2012. Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated. PNAS.

9 Dearborn, D. C., Kark, S., 2010. Motivations for Conserving Urban Biodiversity. Conservation Biology 24, 432–440

6 See more at: www.integratedstormwater. eu/content/green-area-factor-and-other-tools

10 Forest Research n.d. Evidence Note: Ecological benefits of urban green infrastructure, p1.

3 European Commission, 2011. Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions. 3 May 2011, Brussels. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/nature/biodiversity/strategy/ index_en.htm#stra

7 Helsingin luonnonsuojeluyhdistys, 2014. Arvometsäaloite 17th June 2014. Proposal for forest conservation network in Helsinki made by five nature conservation organizations. Available from: http://helsinginmetsat.fi/about/#

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hƌďĂŶ ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͗ WƌŽŵŽƚŝŶŐ Ă 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ The recent global economic crisis and ongoing environmental challenges, such as climate change, have sparked a renewed interest in alternative economies and forms of growth. Of these, green growth and the transition to a green economy are the most widely discussed2.

h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ǁĞůůͲ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĞƋƵŝƚǇ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶͲ ŵĞŶƚĂů ƌŝƐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƉůĞƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐϭ͘

A holistic approach to sustainability underpins the green economy concept, which aims for simultaneous environmental, social and ϐ Ǥ ϐ ϐ ǡ ness and business opportunities, a green economy seeks to improve the quality of urban environments, reduce resource consumption by creating synergies between functions, and provide opportunities for people to engage with each other and with their environment. It is an emerging concept yet to be fully embraced by green space planners, although many cities already have planning objectives tied to related concepts like sustainable planning, green jobs, a low carbon economy, or attractive public spaces.

DĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐĞ ĨŽƌ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ4 ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ

ϐ ǯ a range of ways, both directly and indirectly.

Attractive urban green spaces can not only improve a city’s competitiveness as a destination for new residents, businesses and tourists, but also help generate income, e.g., in the food and service industries, through leisure activities and special events5. For local business owners, greenery has been linked to positive shopper perceptions, lower ϐ ǣ encouraging sales, while also increasing staff motivation. UGI can also support local food production and sale at farmers markets. Importantly, a green economy would see all ϐ their corresponding social and environmental impacts in evaluating their net effect. ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ ʹ ĂǀŽŝĚĞĚ ĐŽƐƚƐ In addition to generating income, UGI planning can also help to avoid costs, e.g., by creating healthier communities or avoiding the damage caused by natural Ǥ Ǧ ϐ strating such costs avoided through UGI can make a compelling case for invest ȋֻ ͳ hagen). One study estimated the average ϐ housing in a 100 mile-long greenway along the Meramec River in the USA to be $7.7 million per year6 ȋֻ ȌǤ

ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ĐŽƐƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ƐĞůĨͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ŽīĞƌƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ͘ ZĂŝƐĞĚ ďĞĚƐ Ăƚ >ŽĐŚĞŶĚ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ 'ƌŽǁŝŶŐ WƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ĚŝďůĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ϮϬϭϱ

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A Ky ϯ͗ / > /E hZ', /Ŷ ϮϬϭϰ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů͕ ^ĐŽƚůĂŶĚ͕ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝďůĞ ĚŝŶͲ ďƵƌŐŚ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ &ŽŽĚ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ͕ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŐŽŽĚ ĨŽŽĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƚŽ Ăůů͕ ŚĞĂůƚŚǇ͕ ƚŚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ Ă ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƚŽƌ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘ /ƚ ĂŝŵƐ͕ ĂŵŽŶŐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĨŽŽĚ ƉƌŽĐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝͲ ƐĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ƐŽ ĂƐ ƚŽ͗ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů͕ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ĨŽŽĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƐŬŝůůƐ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ ŵĂŬĞ ŵŽƌĞ ůĂŶĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ĨŽŽĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĨŽŽƚƉƌŝŶƚ͕ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ƚŽ ĨŽŽĚ͘ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ dŚĞ ŝŵƉĞƚƵƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϭ͕ ĂŌĞƌ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶ ͚^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ 2020’ revealed food to be a major ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ͘ ĐŽĂůŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ ϭϮ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ͕ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŶŽŶƉƌŽĮƚƐ͕ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ͕ ƌĞƐƚĂƵƌĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶƐͿ ĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ůŽĐĂů ĨŽŽĚ

,ĞĂůƚŚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ Access to green space in cities has been shown to positively affect health in a range of ways, among them longer lives, quicker recovery from surgery, reduced stress, mental ϐ Ǧ reported perceptions of health – all of which translate into greater wellbeing and reduced health care costs. Employee health is also relevant for Ǥ ϐ has been found to exist between access to green space in and around

ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘ /ŶŝƟĂůůǇ͕ ŵŽŶƚŚůǇ ƐĞŵŝŶĂƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŶĞͲǇĞĂƌ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĂŝŵƐ͕ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͕ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ǁĞƌĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ͘ ƚ ƚŚĞ ĮŶĂů ƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽĂůŝƟŽŶ ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĨŽƌŵĂůůǇ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞ ͚ ĚŝďůĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͛͘ Ǉ ĂƵƚƵŵŶ ϮϬϭϯ͕ Ă ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŚĂĚ been formulated and was released for ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ͘ KǀĞƌ ϰϬϬ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĂŬĞŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮŶĂů ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽĂůŝƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ͕ ǇĞƚ ůŝŶŬĞĚ ƚŽ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĐŚĂŝƌĞĚ ďǇ Ă ĐŽƵŶĐŝůůŽƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ĂŐĞŶĚĂƐ͘ /ƚ ĞŶĐŽƵŶͲ ƚĞƌĞĚ ƚǁŽ ŵĂŝŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͗ ĮƌƐƚůǇ͕ ĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĂŝŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ďƌŽĂĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĐŽŶĚůǇ͕ ŐĞƫŶŐ ďƵǇͲŝŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĐŽƵŶĐŝůͲ ůŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŬĞǇ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ dŽĚĂǇ͕ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŚƵƌĚůĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ʹ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ƉĞƟƟŽŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ŽĨ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ĂŶĚ 'ůĂƐŐŽǁ ŝƚǇ ŽƵŶĐŝůƐ ƚŽ ŝƐƐƵĞ Ă ũŽŝŶƚ ƉůĞĚŐĞ ŽŶ ĨŽŽĚ ƉŽǀĞƌƚǇ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ Ă ƉŽůŝĐǇ

the workplace and the attitudes and stress levels of employees. dŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŵƉĞƚƵƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ A green economy can also be a powerful tool to support more socially engaged and equitable communities7. Where people feel attached to their local urban green spaces, they may be inspired to become more actively involved in related planning processes. Green spaces are also generally free and

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ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ůŽĐĂů ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝͲ ƟĞƐ ƚŽ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƚŚŝƌĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŵƉŽǁĞƌŵĞŶƚ Đƚ ;ƉĂƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϱͿ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽǀĞƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͘

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ &ŽŽĚ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ͘ Edible Edinburgh, 2014. :ŽŝŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ &ŽŽĚ WŽǀĞƌƚǇ͘ Published by the Leaders of Edinburgh and Glasgow City Councils, 2015.

WŝĐŬǇ ĂƚĞƌƐ tŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ Ăƚ >ŽĐŚĞŶĚ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ 'ƌŽǁŝŶŐ WƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ĚŝďůĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ϮϬϭϱ

open to all, encouraging a mix of people with varied backgrounds to ȋֻ ȌǤ ǡ green spaces can provide opportunities for direct engagement with the environment, whether through farming, gardening, volunteering, or informal creative ventures. These experiences can contribute to individual wellbeing, learning and the development of social and profes ȋֻ ͵ ǡ ͸ Milan, and E6 Berlin).

< z D ^^ ' ^͗ h'/ &KZ WZKDKd/E' 'Z E KEKDz ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂĐƚŽƌƐ WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ƵƐƵĂůůǇ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǁŝĚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ (ֻ Žǆ ϯ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ĂŶĚ ϲ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ďǇ Ă ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŵĂǇ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ŽīƐĞƚ ďǇ ĐŽƐƚƐ ƐĂǀĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĞǆƉĞŶĚŝƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ Ă ŚĞĂůƚŚŝĞƌ͕ ŵŽƌĞ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ĐŽŚĞƐŝǀĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘

ĂůĂŶĐĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ŵƵƐƚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ďǇ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ďĞŝŶŐ ĚŝƐƉůĂĐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŐĞŶƚƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ;ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶͿ͘ tŚĞŶ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂƐ Ă ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĐĂƌĞĨƵůůǇ ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƉƌŽĮƚ͕ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŽŶĞ ŚĂŶĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ8͘

ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͗ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů E ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ ŝŶĐŽŵĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ĚĞŵĂŶĚƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘ tŚŝůĞ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ ǁŝůů ǀĂƌǇ ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ƵƉŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ economy seeks to maximise each of these three dimensions to the degree possible in ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐŝŶŐ ŵŽŶĞƚĂƌǇ ŐĂŝŶƐ͘

ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϮ ĨŽƌ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ƚŽ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘

&Žƌ Ă ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ h'/͕ ƐĞĞ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƌĞĂů ĞĐŽŶŽͲ mies. Deliverable 4.1.

REFERENCES 1 UNEP, 2012. Measuring Progress towards an Inclusive Green Economy. Nairobi, Kenya. 2 Simpson, R., 2013. ‘Introduction: A Green Economy for Green Cities’, in Simpson, R. and Zimmermann, M. (eds.). The Economy of Green Cities. Springer Netherlands, 13–16. 3 UNEP, 2011. Green Jobs: Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication. Kenya, p16. 4 A detailed literature review on the economic benefits of UGI can be found in Andersson, E., et al. (eds.), 2015. Integrating green infrastructure ecosystem services into real economies. Report of the GREEN SURGE project (Deliverable 4.1), Copenhagen

5 Rolls, S., Sunderland, T., 2014. Microeconomic Evidence for the Benefits of Investment in the Environment 2 (MEBIE2), Natural England Research Reports. Natural England, Bristol. Available from: http:// publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ publication/6692039286587392

8 Merk, O., et al, 2012. Financing Green Urban Infrastructure (OECD Regional Development Working Papers). OECD, Paris. Available from: www.oecd.org/cfe/regionalpolicy/WP_Financing_Green_Urban_ Infrastructure.pdf

6 Kousky, C., Walls, M., 2014. ‘Floodplain conservation as a flood mitigation strategy: Examining costs and benefits’, Ecological Economics 104, 119–128. 7 Dunn, A.D., 2010. Siting green infrastructure: Legal and policy solutions to alleviate urban poverty and promote healthy communities, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 37, 41–66.

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hƌďĂŶ ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͗ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ

^ŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ Ă ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞ ǁĞůĨĂƌĞ ŽĨ Ăůů ŝƚƐ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͕ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐŝŶŐ ĚŝƐƉĂƌŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂǀŽŝĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͘ h'/ ĐĂŶ ƉůĂǇ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŝŶƚĞƌͲ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚƵƌŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘

While ethnic and cultural diversity are on the rise throughout Europe, local governments also have to respond to aging populations and growing social inequalities. All of these factors are expected to increase social exclusion. Countering this trend, and its associated negative effects, is a key priority on European, national, and local political agendas. Social cohesion is based on the principle that people from different backgrounds should have similar life opportunities and access to services, including green spaces1. At highest risk of social exclusion are those who are different from the majority of the population, whether through income level, ethnicity, nationality, ǡ ǡ Ǣ who are otherwise vulnerable2. For a variety of reasons, such people tend to ϐ

cities, and to experience limits in the extent to which they can travel beyond these areas3. This means that the quality of their neighbourhoods, and the interpersonal relationships within them, are of vital importance. In addition, since many urban areas (such as malls or pedestrian zones in commercial districts)carry the expectation that users will spend money, cost-free green spaces are of particular importance to lower-income groups4. UGI can counter social exclusion, and likewise build social cohesion, in different ways, such as by being free and accessible to all, providing space for social interaction, and fostering opportunities for volunteerism. Evidence also exists that UGI can relieve stress and fatigue, and ϐ ǡ promoting feelings of comfort and further adding to social cohesion5,6.

hƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŽīĞƌ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƌĞůĂǆĂƟŽŶ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ͘ 'ĞƚͲƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ Ăƚ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŐĂƌĚĞŶ ŝŶ &ƌĞŝƐŝŶŐ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ͘ Credit: Emily Rall

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

A Improved social cohesion through UGI can result in a range of avoided costs ϐ Ǥ instance, around high-rise apartment buildings, numerous studies have linked UGI to higher levels of social interaction and less crime and vandalism. A 2009 study in the UK estimated that a 1% reduction in crime as a result of increased social cohesion in England and Wales would save between €267-733 million7. Using monetary assessments of this kind to demonstrate the crime-reduction potential of UGI could convince govern ϐ resources to invest in UGI planning and implementation for social cohesion. ȋֻ ǡ

networks). A range of assessment tools ȋֻ ͵ȌǤ

ŽƵŶƚĞƌďĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌǇ ĞīĞĐƚƐ Improving neighbourhood character

ϐ tion, with rising housing costs and property values ultimately displacing the disadvantaged social groups who

dŚĞ ,ŝŐŚůŝŶĞ ŝŶ EĞǁ zŽƌŬ ŝƚǇ ŝƐ Ă ǁĞůůͲŬŶŽǁŶ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ĂŶ ƵŶƵƐƵĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ŽŶ ĂŶ ĞůĞǀĂƚĞĚ ĨŽƌŵĞƌ ƌĂŝůƌŽĂĚ ƐƉƵƌ͘ /ƚ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ ƚŽƵƌŝƐƚ ĂƩƌĂĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ũƵƐƚ Ă ĨĞǁ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶŝŶŐ͘ KŶ ƚŚĞ ĚŽǁŶƐŝĚĞ͕ ŝƚ ƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐƌŽǁĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĐƌŝƟĐŝƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ďŽŽƐƟŶŐ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇ ƉƌŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ʹ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ŐĞŶƚƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƉůĂĐŝŶŐ ƉŽŽƌĞƌ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ZŝĞŬĞ ,ĂŶƐĞŶ͘

ϐ ϐ Ǥ ǡ Ǯ Ǧ ϐ ǯ stabilisation, housing trusts and local employment quotas have an important role to play. Another strategy that planners can adopt is the ‘just green enough’ approach8, where UGI

projects are shaped by local community concerns rather than marketdriven urban design conventions, and are modest enough not to attract speculative investment9. Striking this balance requires community involve ȋֻ Inclusion).

Ky ϰ͗ 'Z EdKE KDDhE/dz ' Z E Z^ 'ƌĂŶƚŽŶ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ 'ĂƌĚĞŶĞƌƐ ;' 'Ϳ ŝƐ Ă ŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŝŶ Ă ĚŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞĚ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϬ ďǇ ůŽĐĂůƐ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ŝŶ ŇĂƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ǁŚŽ ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŐƌŽǁ ǀĞŐĞƚĂͲ ďůĞƐ ĐůŽƐĞ ƚŽ ŚŽŵĞ͘

^ŝŶĐĞ ƐƚĂƌƟŶŐ ŽƵƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉ ŚĂƐ ŐƌĂĚͲ ƵĂůůǇ ĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ƐŝŶŐůĞ ŐĂƌĚĞŶ ƚŽ ŶĞĂƌůǇ ƚĞŶ͕ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ůĂƌŐĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ďĂĐŬͲ ŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ ǁŚŽ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ ƐŽŵĞͲ ƟŵĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉůŽƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͘

' ' ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐ ůĂƌŐĞůǇ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŐƌĂŶƚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ďŽƵŶĚ ďǇ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůůǇͲŝŵƉŽƐĞĚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů ĚŽĞƐ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ͕ ŝŶͲŬŝŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ůĂŶĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƐ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉ Ă ůĞƩĞƌ ŽĨ ĐŽŵĨŽƌƚ ĂƉƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ďƵǇͲŝŶ͕ ĂŶ ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͖ Ă ŇĞǆŝďůĞ͕ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͖ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĐŽŵŵƵͲ ŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŵĞĂůƐͿ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͘

sŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ŝŶ Ă ' ' ƐƚƌĞĞƚ ĐŽƌŶĞƌ ŐĂƌĚĞŶ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ 'ƌĂŶƚŽŶ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ 'ĂƌĚĞŶĞƌƐ ϮϬϭϱ

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ 'ĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƉ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ Θ >ŽƚŚŝĂŶƐ 'ƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ dƌƵƐƚ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

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A < z D ^^ ' ^͗ h'/ &KZ /E Z ^/E' ^K / > K, ^/KE ĐĐĞƐƐ ĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ h'/ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ďŽƚŚ ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ƉƌŽǆŝŵŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ EĂƚƵƌĂů ŶŐůĂŶĚ͛Ɛ ĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ EĂƚƵƌĂů 'ƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƐ Ă ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŶŽ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ϯϬϬ ŵĞƚƌĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶĞ͛Ɛ ŚŽŵĞ͕ ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϯͿ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŝƚ ǀŝĂ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͕ especially for vulnerable residents (ֻ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇͿ͘

tĞůĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƉůĂĐĞƐ sŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ ŵƵƐƚ ĨĞĞů ƐĂĨĞ ĂŶĚ ǁĞůĐŽŵĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ĨŽƌ ƵƐĞ͘ ĂƌĞůĞƐƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŵĂǇ ŶĞŐůĞĐƚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶǇ ŐĞŶĚĞƌͲďĂƐĞĚ͕ ĞƚŚŶŝĐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂďŝůŝƚǇͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ĞƚŚŶŝĐ ŵŝŶŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ women may feel more threatened or unsafe in secluded spacesϭϬ͘ WůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ (ֻDƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇͿ͘ dŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ͕ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƵƐĞƌ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ need to be engaged in UGI planning (ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘ ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚ ƚŽ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĚĞĐŝƐŝǀĞ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ĂƩƌĂĐƟŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ Ă range of socio-economic backgrounds (ֻ Žǆ ϰ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ĂŶĚ ϲ DŝůĂŶͿ͘

^ƉĂĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ hƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ĨŽƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ helps to prevent loneliness and to extend social networksϭϭ, and may reduce social tensionsϭϮ͘ dŽ ƌĞĂůůǇ ďĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ h'/ ŵƵƐƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ĂŵĞŶŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͕ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘ >ŽĐĂů ĂƩĂĐŚŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͕ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ƚƌǇŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐŽůǀĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ͚ĂŶƟͲƐŽĐŝĂů͛ ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌ ďǇ ĚŝƐƉůĂĐŝŶŐ ŝƚ ĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞϭϯ͘

&ŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƐĞůĨͲƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶ

^ĞĞ dŽŽůďŽǆ dϯ for exemplary methods and tools to increase social cohesion

Bringing people together for a common purpose, whether through cultural events, ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ Žƌ ĞǀĞŶ ďǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ƐŽŵĞ ďĂƐŝĐ ĂŵĞŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ĐĂŶ ĐĂƚĂůǇƐĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ ĐƟǀĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ h'/ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ůŽĐĂů ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂĚ ƚŽ ĐůĞĂŶĞƌ͕ ƐĂĨĞƌ͕ ĂĐƟǀĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐϭϰ͘ >ŽĐĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĐĂŶ ĂĐƚ ĂƐ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ďŽƩŽŵͲƵƉ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ďǇ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ƐĞůĨͲŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĮŶŝŶŐ ĨƌĂŵŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϯ hƚƌĞĐŚƚͿ͘ h'/ ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ͕ ůĞĂǀŝŶŐ ƌŽŽŵ ĨŽƌ ƐĞůĨͲŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ;ֻ Žǆ ϲ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘ hƌďĂŶ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ŝƐ Ă ŐŽŽĚ example (ֻ Žǆ ϰ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ĂŶĚ ϱ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂͿ͘

REFERENCES 1 Council of Europe, 2004. Strategy for Social Cohesion (Revised). European Committee for Social Cohesion, p1. 2 Kazmierczak, A.E., James, P., 2007. The role of urban green spaces in improving social inclusion. Presented at the 7th International Postgraduate Research Conference in the Built and Human Environment, University of Salford, Manchester. 3 Kemperman, A., Timmermans, H., 2014. Green spaces in the direct living environment and social contacts of the aging population. Landscape and Urban Planning 129, 44-54. 4 Ward Thompson, C., 2002. Urban open space in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 60, 59-72. 5

See Kazmierczak et al., 2007.

6 Peters, K., et al., 2010. Social interactions in urban parks: Stimulating social cohesion? Urban For Urban Green. 9, 93-100. 7 Department for Communities and Local Government: Annual Report 2009. Community, opportunity, prosperity. Available from: www.gov. uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/228792/7598.pdf 8 Curran, W., Hamilton, T., 2012. Just green enough: Contesting environmental gentrification in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Local Environment 17, 1027-1042. 9 Wolch, J. R., et al., 2014. Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities “just green enough”. Landscape and Urban Planning 125, 234–244., p241.

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10 See Ward Thompson, 2002. ϭϭ <ĂǍŵŝĞƌĐǌĂŬ͕ ͕͘ ϮϬϭϯ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning 109, 31-44. 12 Oliver, J.E., Wong, J., 2003. Intergroup Prejudice in Multiethnic Settings. American Journal of Political Science 47, 567-582. 13 Worpole, K., Knox, K., 2007. The social value of public spaces. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York. 14 Forest Research, n.d. Social interaction, inclusion and community cohesion (Evidence Note). Available from: forestry.gov.uk

FURTHER READING PRACTICAL GUIDANCE

>/D d , E'

hƌďĂŶ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŝŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ͗ ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƟĞƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͘ European EnvironͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŐĞŶĐǇ ; Ϳ͕ ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶ͘ ZĞƉŽƌƚ EŽ ϮͬϮϬϭϮ͘ ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͘ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ďǇ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͗ Ă ŐƵŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ London. ^ŚĂǁ͕ Z͕͘ ŽůůĞǇ͕ D͕͘ ĂŶĚ ŽŶŶĞůů͕ Z͕͘ ϮϬϬϳ͘ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ͗ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ͕ sĂůƵĞƐͲďĂƐĞĚ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ĨŽƌ hƌďĂŶ WůĂŶͲ ŶĞƌƐ ʹ dŽŽůŬŝƚ͘ hEͲ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ EĂŝƌŽďŝ͘ hŶŝƚĞĚ EĂƟŽŶƐ ,ƵŵĂŶ ^ĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƐ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ;hEͲ,ĂďŝƚĂƚͿ͕ ϮϬϭϰ͘

/K /s Z^/dz

dŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ >ĞĂƉ͘ WƌŝŵĞƌ ĨŽƌ ŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ^ƵďĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĂůŝĨŽƌŶŝĂŶ WƌĞƐƐ͘ ,ŽƐƚĞƚůĞƌ͕ D͘ ͕͘ ϮϬϭϮ͘ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌ ŝƟĞƐ͗ WƌŝŵĞƌ ŽŶ EĂƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ŝƟĞƐ͘ / > /Ͷ>ŽĐĂů 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚͿ /ŶĐ͕͘ dŽƌŽŶƚŽ͘ / > /͕ dŽƌŽŶƚŽ ĂŶĚ ZĞŐŝŽŶ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ͕ ϮϬϭϰ͘ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďǇ ĞƐŝŐŶ͗ ŐƵŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ dŽǁŶ ĂŶĚ ŽƵŶƚƌǇ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ;d W Ϳ͕ >ŽŶĚŽŶ͘ hZ ;ƚŚĞ hƌďĂŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ Group), the TCPA and ALGE for the TCPA, 2004.

'Z E KEKDz

&ŝŶĂŶĐŝŶŐ 'ƌĞĞŶ hƌďĂŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ;K ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ tŽƌŬŝŶŐ WĂƉĞƌƐͿ͘ K ͕ WĂƌŝƐ͘ DĞƌŬ͕ K͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϮ͘ DŝĐƌŽĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ /ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ Ϯ ;D / ϮͿ͕ EĂƚƵƌĂů ŶŐůĂŶĚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ZĞƉŽƌƚƐ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂů ŶŐůĂŶĚ͕ ƌŝƐƚŽů͘ ZŽůůƐ͕ ^͕͘ Sunderland, T., 2014.

^K / > K, ^/KE

dŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ :ŽƐĞƉŚ ZŽǁŶƚƌĞĞ &ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͕ zŽƌŬ͘ tŽƌƉŽůĞ͕ <͕͘ Knox, K., 2007.

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

CORE PRINCIPLES OF UGI PLANNING 'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚŝŽŶ ŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇ DƵůƚŝĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ

WZ/E /W> 'Z Eͳ'Z z /Ed 'Z d/KE B

ŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ KEY OBJECTIVES 'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͙

͙ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŬŝŶĚƐ ŽĨ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ …not only targets primary infrastructural needs, but also seeks to provide wider ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘

͞/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ůŝŶŬƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͘ ΀͘͘͘΁ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ ǀŝĞǁĞĚ ĂƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͘͟ϭ

͙ŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƐŽƵŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽŶ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞŵ͘

h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƟůŝƟĞƐ͘ In contemporary cities, many urban issues, including mobility and the management of storm- and wastewater are addressed through engineered or ‘grey’ infrastructure, such as canals, pipes or asphalted streets. UGI planning for integration considers urban green spaces as another kind of infrastructure, with the potential to complement or even replace this grey infrastructure. Integrating infrastructure can lead to multifunctional solutions which provide various ϐ ȋֻ ality). For example, vegetated road buffers

can improve aesthetics and reduce noise and air pollution, while dispersed planting strips ϐ Ǧ hoods can enhance the stormwater management capacity of conventional grey systems ȋֻ Change Adaptation). Green-grey integration in UGI planning is most prominently related to stormwater systems. However, it can also apply to other kinds of infrastructure, e.g., bike paths along rights-of-way below powerlines, gardens along railways, and street trees that reduce the heat island effect. While there are other possible applications of integration, this guide focuses on two major areas: stormwater management and sustainable mobility.

dŚĞ tĂƚĞƌ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ ĞŶƚŚĞŵƉůĞŝŶ ŝŶ ZŽƩĞƌĚĂŵ ůŽŽŬƐ ŵƵĐŚ ůŝŬĞ Ă ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂů ƉůĂǌĂ ĨŽƌ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ͕ ďƵƚ ĚŽƵďůĞƐ ĂƐ Ă ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƌĂŝŶ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B h'/ ŝŶ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Managing stormwater is one of the biggest challenges faced by cities around the world. Due to the high amount of impervious surfaces, ϐ sent straight to the sewage system. Depending on the age, design and capacity of this system, there is a risk ϐ events. The potential consequences ϐ tion of nearby lakes, rivers and

streams, but also longer-term negative effects on water quality, human health and ecosystems. Both centralised and decentralised green-grey solutions are available: the former using large, singular elements such as wet or dry ponds adjacent to development, the latter ǡ ϐ runoff at the source, through elements such as pervious paving ȋֻ ͳ ÚȌǤ

Ky ϭ͗ KW E, ' E >Kh hZ^d W> E ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶ͛Ɛ ůŽƵĚďƵƌƐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞͲ ment Plan (2012) demonstrates an ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌŵĞĚŝĂƌǇ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƐƚƌĞĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶǀĞǇĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƐĞǁĂŐĞ ƉŝƉĞƐ͕ ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂů ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ĐŽƐƚ ƐĂǀŝŶŐƐ͘ ZĞĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĞĞƚƐ ŽīĞƌƐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďǇ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƚƌĞĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǀĞŐĞƚĂͲ ƟŽŶ͘ ĐŽƐƚͲďĞŶĞĮƚͲĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ƐŚŽǁĞĚ

ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƐƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶĞƌ ĐŝƚǇ between 2013 and 2033 would be ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ΦϱϬϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ͕ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ΦϴϬϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ŽĨ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ ďǇ Ă ƐŝŶŐůĞ ŵĂũŽƌ ƌĂŝŶƐƚŽƌŵ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϭ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶͲ ƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ŝƐ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂǇ͘

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶ ůŽƵĚďƵƌƐƚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ WůĂŶ͘ City of Copenhagen, 2012.

KEY TERMS 2,3 ŝŽƐǁĂůĞƐ͕ ŝŽĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ ƐǁĂůĞƐ͗ ƐŚĂůůŽǁ ĐŽŶĚƵŝƚƐͬƚƌĞŶĐŚĞƐ ĮůůĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ĞƌŽƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ͕ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ƐůŽǁ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƌƵŶŽī ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ͘ >Žǁ /ŵƉĂĐƚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ;>/ Ϳ͗ land development ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌŵͲ ǁĂƚĞƌ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĚĞĐĞŶͲ ƚƌĂůŝƐĞĚ ŵŝĐƌŽͲƐĐĂůĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů measures. ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŽŶƚƌŽů DĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ;^ DͿ͗ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ďŝŽƌĞͲ ƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ;ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚͿ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĚŽǁŶͲ ƉŝƉĞƐ ;ŶŽŶͲƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚͿ͘ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ hƌďĂŶ ƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ ;^h ^Ϳ͗ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ for sustainable stormwater ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ͕ ƵƐƵĂůůǇ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚ ƚŽ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŝŶ ƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ͘

dŚĞ ϭ͘ϱŬŵͲůŽŶŐ ůŝŶĞĂƌ ,ĂŶƐͲ ĂůƵƐĐŚĞŬͲ WĂƌŬ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ ŝƐ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ĨŽƌ ďŝŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶůŝŶĞ ƐŬĂƟŶŐ͘ /ƚ ďĞůŽŶŐƐ ƚŽ ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ ĐŝƚǇͲ ǁŝĚĞ ďŝŬĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůŽŶŐͲĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ >ĞŝƉǌŝŐͲ ĞƌůŝŶ ďŝŬĞ ƚƌĂŝů͘ Credit: Emily Rall

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B Ky Ϯ͗ /Ed 'Z d/KE hZ/E' hZ E Z E t >͕ ^ ' /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ^ǌĞŐĞĚ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ͕ ŝŶƚĞͲ ŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌĞǇ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐͲ ƚƵƌĞ ŝƐ ƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĨŽƌŵĂůͲ ŝƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ƵŐŽŶŝĐƐ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů ;ϮϬϬϵͲϮϬϭϯͿ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ ƵƉŐƌĂĚĞ ŽĨ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƵƟůŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŐƌĞĞŶĞƌǇ ƚŽ ĐĂůŵ ƚƌĂĸĐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŵŝĐƌŽͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ ŝŵƉŽƐĞĚ ďǇ ŽƵƚĚĂƚĞĚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ Ă ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ĚĂƚĂ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƵŶĚĞƌŐƌŽƵŶĚ ƵƟůŝƟĞƐ͕ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů

Retention ponds and bioswales can retain heavy rainfall over short periods and are usually most effective at managing stormwater, although individual elements such as trees may also have an impact. In regard to stormwater management overall, UGI can offer: ͻ EŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ĨƵŶĐͲ ƟŽŶĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ŽǀĞƌ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐͲ ƚƵƌĞ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ĞǀĂƉŽͲƚƌĂŶƐƉŝͲ ƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĐŽƌƌŽƐŝŽŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞŵŽǀĂů ŽĨ ƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌƵŶŽī͕ ĂŶĚ ůĞƐƐ ŚǇĚƌŽͲ ůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐƚƌĂŝŶ ŽŶ ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ďŽĚŝĞƐ ŝŶ ĚƌǇ ƉĞƌŝŽĚƐ͘ ͻ ^ƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂů ůŽŶŐĞƌͲƚĞƌŵ ĐŽƐƚ ƐĂǀŝŶŐƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƚǇ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ;ֻ'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ֻ Žǆ ϭ ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶͿ͘ ͻ ^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƐƚŽƌŵͲ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌƵŶŽī͕ ĨƌŽŵ ĂŶǇǁŚĞƌĞ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϳ ĂŶĚ ϱϲй ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ƵƉŽŶ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞͲ ŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ h'/ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐϰ͘

residents, tourists and businesses, and Ă ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉƌŽĐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ƌĞůŝĂŶƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ůŽǁĞƐƚͲƉƌŝĐĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉĂƌƚůǇ ŽǀĞƌͲ ĐŽŵĞ ďǇ ŐŽŽĚ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƵƐĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŚĂƐ ŶŽǁ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ Ă ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ŽĨ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŐƵŝĚĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ Ăƚ ĞĂĐŚ ƐƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ă ƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉͲ ŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ Ă ůŽĐĂů ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞ Ă ƚƌĞĞ ĐĂĚĂƐƚƌĞ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŝĐƌŽͲĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϰ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ

h'/ ŝŶ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ Integrating vegetation and green spaces into transportation networks is not a new concept, however, it has experienced a resurgence around the world in the past few decades. Increasingly, local governments are seeking to draw on the approach to create more attractive and environmentally sustainable mobility routes, e.g., pedestrian-friendly ȋֻ ʹ ȌǤ At the community and neighbourhood level, too, interest is growing in green, walkable streets that integrate transit, safe pedestrian access and stormwater management – known as ‘green streets’ or ‘complete streets’. There is evidence that even simple measures such as landscaping along ϐ ǡ block wind, increase driver alertness and lower stress5.

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ĂǁĂƌĚĞĚ Ă WƵďůŝĐ ^ƉĂĐĞ ZĞŶĞǁĂů ǁĂƌĚ ŽĨ ǆĐĞůůĞŶĐĞ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ,ƵŶŐĂƌŝĂŶ hƌďĂŶŝƐƟĐ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ hE ^ K͘

ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĨŽƵŶƚĂŝŶ͕ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů ; ƌƉĄĚ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ͕ ĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƵŐŽŶŝĐƐ ^ƋƵĂƌĞͿ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ >ƵĐĂ ^ǌĄƌĂǌ

'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ In general, the need to shift towards ϐ ǡ incorporating UGI, has been globally recognised6 and in some cases translated into legislation, e.g., the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Clean Water Act or the EU Water Directive. The challenge is to translate these highlevel agendas to the local level and into concrete measures. Barriers to implementation exist in many cities, including a lack of funding, lack of access to land, low levels of citizen engagement, and administrative fragmentation. Nonetheless, there are good examples of municipal policies for Ǧ ȋֻ B1 Copenhagen and E1 Malmö). If such ‘hard’ instruments are absent, incentives, voluntary rating schemes (e.g., Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED for short7) or guidelines can also encourage integrated approaches.

< z D ^^ ' ^ &KZ 'Z Eͳ'Z z /Ed 'Z d/KE 'ŽŽĚ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ŝƐ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ŽĨ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŽŌĞŶ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵĂŶǇ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƵŶĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ Žƌ ĞǀĞŶ ĂĚǀĞƌƐĂƌŝĂů ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ŝƐ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐƚĂƌƟŶŐ ƉŽŝŶƚ͘ WŽůŝƟĐĂů ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ ĞĂƌůǇ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂů ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ Ă ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ƚĞƌŵŝŶŽůŽŐǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ŐŽĂůƐ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ͘

>ĞĂƌŶ ĨƌŽŵ ůŽĐĂů ƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ WŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ;ֻ Žǆ ϭ DĂůŵƂͿ͘

ŽŵďŝŶĞ ͚ŚĂƌĚ͛ ĂŶĚ ͚ƐŽŌ͛ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ >ĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĮƐĐĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŽ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶ ;ֻBox DĂůŵƂͿ Žƌ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĐŚĂƌŐĞƐ ƚŽ ůĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĨƵŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĂďƐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ďƵĚŐĞƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ͕ ͚ƐŽŌ͛ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ůŝŬĞ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ Žƌ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ƌĂƟŶŐ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ǁĂǇ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͘

DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů h'/ ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ /Ĩ h'/ ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŽ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ŽĨ ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƚĂŬĞŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ;ֻDƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇͿ͘ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂů ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ďĂƐĞ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŽŌĞŶ ŽǀĞƌůŽŽŬĞĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ďĞŶĞĮƚƐͿ͕ ĂŶĚ h'/ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŝƐ ƐƟůů ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ďƵƚ ƐŽŵĞ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ŝƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ8͘

ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϰ ĨŽƌ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘

REFERENCES 1 Pauleit, S., et al., 2011. Multifunctional Green Infrastructure Planning to Promote Ecological Services in the City, in: Breuste, J.H., et al. (eds.), Urban Ecology: Patterns, Processes, and Applications. Oxford University Press, p272. 2 Ahiablame, L.M., et al., 2012. Effectiveness of Low Impact Development Practices: Literature Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Water Air and Soil Pollution. 223, 4253–4273.

3 Fletcher, T.D., et al., 2014. SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Water Journal. 0, 1–18.

5 Dixon, K., Wolf, K., 2007. Benefits and Risks of Urban Roadside Landscape: Finding a Livable, Balanced Response, in: Proceedings of the 3rd Urban Street Symposium, Washington D.C.

4 Autixier, L., et al., 2014. Evaluating rain gardens as a method to reduce the impact of sewer overflows in sources of drinking water. Science of the Total Environment. 499, 238–247.

6 UNEP, 2014. Green Infrastructure Guide for Water Management. Ecosystem-based management approaches for water-related infrastructure projects. 7

See more at www.usgbc.org/leed

See Ahiablame et al., 2012.

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WZ/E /W> CONNECTIVITY ƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ

KEY OBJECTIVES ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͙ ͙ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ďŽƚŚ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂĚĚĞĚ ǀĂůƵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌůŝŶŬĞĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘

͞dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ʹ ƉĂƌŬƐ͕ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƐ͕ ƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ʹ ŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƚŽ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘͟ϭ

͘͘͘ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ ĐůĞĂƌůǇ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ͕ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŬŝŶĚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ;ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĂďŝŽƟĐͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞŵ͘ ͙ŵĂƚĐŚĞƐ ĂŝŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞƐ ʹ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů͕ ĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂů ʹ ĂŶĚ ŝĚĞĂůůǇ ŝƐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞŵ͘

h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ǁĞůůͲ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞƌǀĞƐ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐͲ ƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂůŽŶĞϮ͘ Landscape connectivity can be broadly ϐ ϐ landscape3. It has played a central role in ϐ some time, for instance in countering the negative impacts of wildlife habitat fragmentation4. Yet connectivity is also of rele-

ϐ ǡ as improved movement between homes and recreational spaces, e.g., via safe and attractive bicycle paths, and other modes of sustainable mobility. UGI networks are not just important for enabling the movement of people and wildlife, they can also ϐ ǡ ǡ water and air5. Ventilation corridors improve the supply of fresh air and reduce pollution, while the cooling effect of urban parks is enhanced when these form part of a network. In this way, interconnected green spaces can minimise environmental risks and the impacts of climate change ȋֻ ȌǤ

dŚĞ /ƐĂƌ ƌŝǀĞƌ ŝŶ DƵŶŝĐŚ ƐĞƌǀĞƐ ĂƐ Ă ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ͘ dŚĞ ƌŝǀĞƌďĂŶŬƐ ĂůƐŽ ĂĐƚ ĂƐ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ĨŽƌ ǁĂůŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŬŝŶŐ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Common approaches to connectivity emphasise its ‘structural’ dimension, i.e., the spatial structure of the landscape and physical relationships between green spaces6. However, such an emphasis fails to take into account the ‘functional’ dimensions of the landscape, i.e., the attributes and behaviour of the wildlife and humans that interact with the overall landscape structure. Functional connectivity considers these behavioural aspects, including habitat preferences, patterns of movement and ability to adapt to changes in the environment7. While structural impacts on connectivity, e.g., a road through a nature reserve, tend to be visible and readily understood, wider social and ecological effects can only be fully grasped by considering functional connectivity, too8. Failing to do so may result in inappropriate planning strategies9. This means that successful planning for connectivity relies on a holistic consideration of functional and structural aspects.

In addition, the kind of connectivity ϐ ǡ ideally encompassing ecological, social and abiotic movement, and seeking synergies between them10 ȋֻ ȌǤ

ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ The value of linking green spaces is already widely recognised in European planning (see Deliverable 5.1). However, the level of understanding of connectivity’s objectives and ϐ Ǥ Structural connectivity issues tend to be more prominent than functional ones, while ecological and social connectivity objectives in local and regional plans are not always directly integrated with another, with some exceptions ȋֻ ͵ ȌǤ ǡ municipalities are recognising the importance of coordinating connectivity plans at multiple scales and according to a long-term timeframe ȋֻ ʹ ͵ ȌǤ

DĞĂƐƵƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Numerous quantitative approaches have been developed to measure and map connectivity. Measures of structural connectivity are often based on concepts such as presence or Ǣ ǡ of corridors and stepping-stones (see illustration below). Connectivity can be calculated using various indices such as distances, frequency, density, or cost distance analysis (based on graph theory principles). Aerial photography archives and GIS software can assist in visualising changes to green corridors over time. Often, such data is used as a surrogate for the functional elements of connectivity, based on assumptions. However, there are additional measures to assess functional connectivity that consider the probability of organism movement Ǣ Ǣ scape/urban matrix. Overall, a range of measurement and assessment tools are ȋֻ ͷȌǤ

Large natural area (hub)

Core

Backyard (stepping stone)

Green shared foot/bikepath (corridor)

Green roof (stepping stone)

Pond (stepping stone) Riverbank green (corridor) Green shared foot/bikepath (corridor) Park (site)

River (corridor) River (corridor) Green belt (corridor - link to other hubs)

Ŷ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŝƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƵƉ ŽĨ ŵĂŶǇ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘ Design: Eleanor Chapman

Pocket park (stepping stone)

Tree lined street for bikes and cars (corridor)

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B Ky ϯ͗ /E Z ^/E' KEE d/s/dz d d, /dz > s >͕ Z>/E ŐĂŝŶƐƚ Ă ďĂĐŬĚƌŽƉ ŽĨ ƌĂƉŝĚ ƉŽƉƵůĂͲ ƟŽŶ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ;>ĂWƌŽͿ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ͘ dŚĞ >ĂWƌŽ ŝƐ Ă ďŝŶĚŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐůŽƐĞůǇ ůŝŶŬĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ůĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ ƉůĂŶ͘ /ƚƐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƟĞĚ ƚŽ ĨŽƵƌ ŬĞǇ ƚŚĞŵĞƐ͗ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͕ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ͚'ĞŶĞƌĂů hƌďĂŶ ŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ WůĂŶ͛ ;' <Ϳ͘ dŚĞ ' < ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƐ ŐĂƉƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵĂŶĚĂƚŽƌǇ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůͲ ŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ /Ĩ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ Ă ŐŝǀĞŶ ƐŝƚĞ͕ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌƐ ƉĂǇ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƚŽƌǇ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉůĂĐĞƐ͘

ĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ůĞŐŝƐůĂͲ ƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐůǇ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŐŽŽĚ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƵŶŝƚƐ within the (former) Senate Department for Urban Development and the EnvironͲ ŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽŶͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ͛ϮϬ 'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬƐ͛ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͗ Ă ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ͕ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ E'KƐ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌ ϭϬϬ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ƚŽ ďĞƩĞƌ ůŝŶŬ ŶĞŝŐŚͲ ďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐ ŝŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ϱϱϬŬŵ ŽĨ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ ŽŶ ĨŽŽƚ Žƌ ďŝŬĞ͘ dŚĞ >ĂWƌŽ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ Ăƚ ďƌŽĂĚůǇ ƚĞŶ ǇĞĂƌ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϴϬƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ϮϬϭϲ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ŽŶ ŶĞǁ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ ƚŽ ƌĞĮŶĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ

ĂƌĞĂƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ŵŽƌĞ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ŝŶ ĚĞŶƐĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇͲĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂƌĞĂ ƉĞƌ ŝŶŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐĂůůǇ ďĞ ŵĞƚ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽƌƌŝͲ ĚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞĚ Ă ƐŚŝŌ ƚŽ ĨŽĐƵƐ ĂůƐŽ ŽŶ ƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ the dense areas. However, implementaͲ ƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ƐƟůů ŽŌĞŶ ƌĞůŝĞƐ ŽŶ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĂƐ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ďƵĚŐĞƚƐ are limited. dŚĞ ^ĐŚƂŶĞďĞƌŐ >ŽŽƉ KŶĞ ĐĞůĞďƌĂƚĞĚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ͚^ĐŚƂŶĞďĞƌŐĞƌ ^ĐŚůĞŝĨĞ͕͛ Ă ƐĞǀĞŶ ŬŵͲůŽŶŐ͕ ĐĂƌͲĨƌĞĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐ WŽƚƐĚĂŵĞƌ WůĂƚǌ ǁŝƚŚ ^ƺĚŬƌĞƵǌ ƚƌĂŝŶ ƐƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƉĂƌŬƐ ŝŶͲďĞƚǁĞĞŶ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ĨƵŶĚĞĚ ŵĂŝŶůǇ ďǇ &ĞĚĞƌĂů ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ͚hƌďĂŶ ZĞŶĞǁĂů tĞƐƚ͛ ĂŶĚ ĂŝŵƐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůǇ ŽĨ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ƚŽ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ŽĨ ďŽƚŚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƵƌŝƐƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŚĞĂǀŝůǇ ƵƐĞĚ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƉŚĂƐĞĚ ǁŽƌŬƐ ďĞŐĂŶ͘

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ (in German) ƌƟĐůĞ ͚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĐĞůĞďƌĂƚĞƐ ŝƚƐ ϮϱƚŚ ďŝƌƚŚĚĂǇ͗ dŚĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ EĂƚƵƌĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ͛͘ Cloos, 2004. ϮϬ 'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬƐ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ

&ŝŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ĐŚƂŶĞďĞƌŐ >ŽŽƉ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

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KEY MESSAGES FOR CONNECTIVITY ůĞĂƌůǇ ĚĞĮŶĞ ƚŚĞ ŬŝŶĚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĂŝŵƐ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŽŶ ůĂƌŐĞ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŬŝŶĚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĨŽƌ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ Žƌ ĨŽƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ WƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĐůĞĂƌůǇ ĚĞĮŶĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ Ă ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘

dŚŝŶŬ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ Ăƚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ďĞƐƚ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ Ă ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŽƵƚůŽŽŬ ŝƐ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ͕ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ŶĞǁ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͘ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ Ăƚ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůǇ ďĞ ͚ŶĞƐƚĞĚ͛ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐͿ Ăƚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƐĐĂůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ;ֻ Žǆ Ϯ DŝůĂŶ ĂŶĚ ϯ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘

ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϱ ĨŽƌ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘

REFERENCES 1 Benedict, M. A., McMahon, E. T., 2006. Green infrastructure: Linking landscapes and communities. Washington, D.C. Island Press, p37. 2 Ahern, J., 2007. Green Infrastructure for cities: The spatial dimension. In: Novotny, V. (ed). Cities of the future: Towards integrated sustainable water and landscape management. London. IWA Publications. 3 Taylor, P.D., et al., 2006. Landscape connectivity: a return to the basics. In: Crooks, K.R., Sanjayan, M. (eds). Connectivity Conservation. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 4 Jongman, R.H.G., et al., 2004. European ecological networks and greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2-3), 305-319.

5 Bagstad, K.J., et al., 2014. From theoretical to actual ecosystem services. Mapping beneficiaries and spatial flows in ecosystem service assessments. Ecology and Society, 19(2), art. 64.

8 Auffret, A. G., et al., 2015. The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes. AMBIO 44 (Suppl 1). 51-59. 9

6 Tischendorf, L., Fahrig, L., 2000. On the usage and measurement of landscape connectivity. Oikos 90, 7-19. 7 Baudry, J., Merriam, G., 1988. Connectivity and connectedness: functional versus structural patterns in landscapes. In: Schreiber, K.F. (ed). Connectivity in landscape ecology, 2nd International seminar of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. Münstersche Geogr. Arbeiten 29, 23-29.

See Taylor et al., 2006.

10 Fumagalli, N. & Toccolini, A., 2012. Relationship between greenways and ecological network: A case study in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research 6(49), 903916.

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WZ/E /W> MULTIFUNCTIONALITY ĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ŵƵůƚŝƉůĞ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ

KEY OBJECTIVES DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͙ ͙ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ƐĞĐƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƚŚĞ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ h'/͘ ͙ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƐ ŝŶƚĞƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĂǀŽŝĚŝŶŐ ƚƌĂĚĞͲŽīƐ͘

͞DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ĐĂŶ ĂƉƉůǇ ƚŽ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ƐŝƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌŽƵƚĞƐ͕ ďƵƚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝŶŬƐ ĂƌĞ ƚĂŬĞŶ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ Ă ĨƵůůǇ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘͟ϭ

͙ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ h'/ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘

h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ŝŶƚĞƌƚǁŝŶŝŶŐ Žƌ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚŽ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘ WůĂŶͲ ŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĚĞͲŽīƐ͘ Multifunctionality concerns the ability of UGI to provide several ecological, socio-cultural, ϐ Ǥ

planning process expressly considers how to ϐ chance. This is not simply a case of ‘the more functions the better’. Potential trade-offs and ϐ assessed, as well as the capacity of different UGI elements2. For instance, using land for ϐ protection of species sensitive to distur-

Ǥ ϐ times be avoided by physically separating incompatible uses (e.g., through zoning, visitor management or agreements with land users), or by planning them so as not to happen at the same time (e.g., when ϐ ȌǤ means it is not only the functions themselves and the associations between them that are important, but also their spatial and temporal dimensions. ǡ ϐ should be considered in relation to who needs them and who has access to them. Otherwise, UGI planning could deliver beneϐ groups in society3 ȋֻ ȌǤ avoid this trap, a strong element of public ȋֻ ȌǤ

WĂƌŬ dƌĂŶƐǁŝũŬ͕ hƚƌĞĐŚƚ ŝƐ Ă ƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶǇ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ƵƐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĂŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂƌŵ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ŐĂƌĚĞŶ͘ Credit: Sabrina Erlwein

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URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

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hƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŐƌŽƵƉĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ĨŽƵƌ ďƌŽĂĚ ƚǇƉĞƐ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

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DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ Though municipalities often consider the multiple ecological and social ϐ

ǡ enhancing multifunctionality has so far received less explicit attention (see Deliverable 5.1). In general, there seems to be uncertainty about how to actively plan and design for multifunctional green infrastructure7. A more proactive approach to multifunctionality is likely to be needed in light of trends such as climate change and urbanisation, both of which are increasing the pressure on UGI.

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Of course, the types of functions and services that UGI can provide, and their relevance, largely depend on the environmental and socio-

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Additionally, green spaces provide a number of important functions that cannot strictly be categorised as

WƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ In urban green space planning, recreational and other cultural functions and services are usually in focus, as well as functions that contribute to biodiversity. Those ecosystem services with a direct impact on people’s health and wellbeing, such ϐ ǡ ǡ urban cooling and runoff mitigation are also of particular relevance6.

economic characteristics of a city or region. The spatial scale that is considered also matters. For instance, it is more relevant to evaluate provisioning services such as supply of food and raw materials from a city-regional perspective, rather than at the level of a densely built-up neighbourhood.

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Yet, in urban areas these different services are usually provided not only by natural elements, but also man-made ones, e.g., paths and Ǣ Ǣ Ǣ sewer systems that combine green spaces and technical elements for ȋֻ ȌǤ

ecosystem services, such as ȋֻ Ȍǡ structuring the urban surroundings ϐ ȋֻ ȌǤ that the full spectrum of green space functions and services is much ϐ tions of ecosystem services allow, encompassing more than 30 possibilities (see illustration below).

ns Ɵo nc fu

DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ services An important concept that has emerged in relation to multifunctionality is ecosystem services. Broadly speaking, ecosystem services are the ϐ deliver to people4. They can be ϐ ǣ provisioning, regulating, habitat (biodiversity), and cultural services5, which together represent the ecological, socio-cultural, and economic dimensions of multifunctionality.

B Ky ϰ͗ Dh>d/&hE d/KE > hZ E 'Z E ^W ^ /E D >DP Ɛ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă 'Z E ^hZ' hƌďĂŶ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ >Ăď ŝŶ DĂůŵƂ͕ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶͲ ĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁĂƐ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƚǇ ƐƚĂī͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŝƐ ĂŝŵŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ h'/ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ŵĂŝŶůǇ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚͿ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƉƌŽǀŝͲ ƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚͿ͘ &ŽƵƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚ ďĞůŽǁ͘ WŝůĚĂŵŵƐƉĂƌŬĞŶ͗ ĐůĂƐƐŝĐ ƉĂƌŬ ƚ Ă ƐŝǌĞ ŽĨ ϰϱŚĂ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ƌŽƵŐŚůǇ ϭϬϬ ǇĞĂƌ ŽůĚ ƉĂƌŬ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ͘ /ƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ several ponds, meadows, an amphitheͲ ĂƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ĨŽƌ ƉŝĐŶŝĐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌƵŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŚŽƐƟŶŐ ŵĂŶǇ ďŝƌĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ ƵĞ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ƐŝǌĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƚŚ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌŬ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĂŵƉůĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐƌĞͲ ĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ ŵŝŶŽƌ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚƌĂŵƉůĞĚ ǀĞŐĞƚĂͲ ƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĨƌŽŵ ǀŝƐŝͲ ƚŽƌƐ͛ ĞŶũŽǇŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĨĞĞĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚƵĐŬƐ͘

ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ZŝƐĞďĞƌŐĂ ƌĞĞŬ͕ ^ŬŽŐŚŽůŵƐ ćŶŐĂƌ has been developed into an area with ŽƉĞŶ ƐƚŽƌŵ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƉŽŶĚƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ŚŽƐƚ ŚŝŐŚ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƚ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ďĂůĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚ ďŝŽƚŽƉĞƐ͘ tŚŝůĞ ŶŽƚ Ăůů ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ĂƌĞ ĞĂƐŝůǇ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ͕ ƉĂƚŚƐ ĨŽƌ ǁĂůŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŚŽƌƐĞͲ ďĂĐŬ ƌŝĚŝŶŐ ďƌŝŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶƚŽ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ͛Ɛ ƌŝĐŚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

ŝŶ ƵƐĞ ĂƐ Ă ŵŝůŝƚĂƌǇ ǌŽŶĞ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ĂĐƚƐ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ DĂůŵƂ and the proposed Almåsa nature ƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ͘ dŚĞ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐĞĚ ďǇ ŐƌĂƐƐůĂŶĚƐ ĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƉĂƐƚƵƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂǇ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŶǇ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ůĂŶĚ ƵƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĂĐĐŽŵŵŽĚĂƚĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ůŽǁͲŝŶƚĞŶƐŝƚǇ ŐƌĂǌŝŶŐ͘

ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ tĞƌŶĞƌ ZŽůĨ ;Ăůů ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ ZŝĞŬĞ ,ĂŶƐĞŶͿ

ŬŽƐƚĂĚĞŶ ƵŐƵƐƚĞŶďŽƌŐ͗ ĞĐŽͲĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ dŚĞ ŬŽƐƚĂĚĞŶ ƵŐƵƐƚĞŶďŽƌŐ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂƌĞĂ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞůǇ ƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞ ϭϵϵϬƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ŽĨ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů͕ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ;ֻ Žǆ ϭ DĂůŵƂͿ͘ DĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ƌĞŶŽͲ ǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŽĨ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĸĐ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĂŶ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ůŽĐĂů ƐŽĐŝĂů ƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘

ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ Cultural • • • • •

ZĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ;ĂĐƟǀĞͿ EĂƚƵƌĞ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŽŶ ;ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞͿ ĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ Social encounters Mobility

ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ • • •

Habitat for rare species Structural diversity EĂƟǀĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ

ZĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ • • • • •

hƌďĂŶ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶ EŽŝƐĞ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ZƵŶͲŽī ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ &ůŽŽĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ;ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶͿ WŽůůŝŶĂƟŽŶ

WƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ

^ŬŽŐŚŽůŵƐ ćŶŐĂƌ͗ ƐĞŵŝͲŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ dŚŝƐ ϰϱŚĂ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ĂƌĞĂ ŝŶ ƐŽƵƚŚͲ eastern Malmö has been developed as a ƐĞŵŝͲŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ĂŶ h >/& н WƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ dŽ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ƚŚĞ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ

• •

Farming/Gardening products Consumable wild plants

High provision Medium provision

ZŽďŽƞćůƚĞƚ͗ ŐƌĂƐƐůĂŶĚ tŝƚŚ Ă ƐŝǌĞ ŽĨ ĂďŽƵƚ ϭϭϬŚĂ͕ ƚŚĞ ZŽďŽƞćůƚĞƚ ĂƌĞĂ ŝƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ĞĂƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ƉĂƌƚůǇ ƐƟůů

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

Low provision

B One initial step can be to develop a city-wide planning strategy that highlights the different functions and

ȋֻ Ͷ Malmö). Such a strategic plan needs to ensure that UGI services contribute to an array of policy ȋ ֻ ǡ ֻ ȌǤ further components are also important. First, taking into account the interests and needs of all citizens ȋֻ Ȍǡ ǡ promoting collaboration with ϐ Ǥ latter ‘multifunctional thinking’ approach is important to counter the ‘silo thinking’ that can be a barrier to cross-departmental collaboration. It may also open the door to synergies, for example, between recreation, climate change adaptation, and biodiversity conservation ȋֻ ǡ ͵ ȌǤ

Gathering knowledge on local citizens’ needs requires time, resources and an array of carefully selected participatory methods to make sure that the voices of all relevant groups ȋֻ Ͷ ȌǤ

that all elements deliver a broad ϐ ǡ

network as a whole provides a ϐ services, and in those areas where they are needed.

ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ A systematic spatial assessment, providing knowledge about UGI’s different functions and services, can be helpful to communicate the multiple values of UGI to decision-makers. Mapping and assessment tools can be used to quantify functions and services and reveal their spatial distribution ȋֻ

networks, Toolbox T6).

ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ Alongside knowledge of multiple functions at the city level, it is crucial to consider the site level, since trade ϐ functions within the same area are not compatible. The capacity to deliver multiple services on one site often depends on its size. While larger sites tend to have greater capacity than smaller ones, several functions and services can usually be provided by the same area, even on small sites. Good design can help to ϐ ȋֻ Ͷ ÚȌǤ

The provision of and demand for different functions and services can be analysed to identify areas where multifunctionality needs to be enhanced. It is not always essential

dĂŶŶĞƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ ŝƐ Ă ƐŵĂůů ĐŝƚǇ ƉĂƌŬ ŝŶ ĚŽǁŶƚŽǁŶ WŽƌƚůĂŶĚ͕ KƌĞŐŽŶ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘ /ƚ ĐŽůůĞĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůĞĂŶƐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ŽīĞƌƐ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ĨŽƌ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B KEY MESSAGES FOR MULTIFUNCTIONALITY ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ Ăƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ůĞǀĞůƐ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ŝŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŵ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐƉĂƟĂů ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͘ ůĞǀĞƌ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ǀŝƐŝƚŽƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ŵĂǆŝŵŝƐĞ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞͲůĞǀĞů͘

hƐĞ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ dŽŽůƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌŝĞƐ Žƌ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƵƐĞĨƵů ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ;ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϲͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ Ă ƐŽƵŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŬŝŶĚ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĚĞͲŽīƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞǆŝƐƚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ͘

^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ĚĞŵĂŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĐƟǀĞůǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ Ă ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŵĂŬĞƐ ŝƚ ŵŽƌĞ ůŝŬĞůǇ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ǁŝůů ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ h'/ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ Ă ǁŝĚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ of people (ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘

&ŽƐƚĞƌ ŝŶƚĞƌͲ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĐƌŽƐƐͲĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶƐ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ƐŝůŽͲƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŵƵƐƚ ďĞ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ƚŽ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďǇ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƚƉƵƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ (ֻ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ^ƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐͿ͘

ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϲ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĞŵƉůĂƌǇ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘

REFERENCES 1 Natural England, 2009. Green Infrastructure Guidance, p22. Available from: http:// publications.naturalengland.org.uk/ publication/35033

4 TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, 2011. TEEB Manual for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban Management. Available from: www.teebweb.org

2 Hansen, R., Pauleit, S., 2014. From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas. AMBIO 43, 516-529.

5 Kumar, P., 2010. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity. Ecological and economic foundations. In: TEEB: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. Earthscan, London.

3 Rodriguez, J.P., et al, 2006. Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society 11 (1), art. 28.

6 Gómez-Baggethun, E., et al, 2013. Urban Ecosystem Services, 175–251. In: T. Elmqvist, et al (eds). Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem services: challenges and opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht.

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

7 Sussams, L. W., et al, 2015. Green infrastructure as a climate change adaptation policy intervention: Muddying the waters or clearing a path to a more secure future? Journal of Environmental Management 147, 184-193.

WZ/E /W> SOCIAL INCLUSION ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚŝǀĞ ĂŶĚ WĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ KEY OBJECTIVES Social inclusion… ͙ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ Ăůů ƐŽĐŝĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ h'/͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƉƵƫŶŐ Ă ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ŽŶĞƐ͘ ͙ƐĞĞŬƐ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ƚŽ ĂƐĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ďĂůĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŵ͘

͞/Ŷ ŵĂŶǇ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƚĞŶĚĞŶĐǇ ŝŶ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƚŽ ƐŚŝŌ ƚŚĞ ďĂůĂŶĐĞ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ĂǁĂǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĚŽŝŶŐ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĚŽŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ĂůŽŶĞ͘͟ϭ

͙ŝŶƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘

h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŝŵƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ Ăůů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘ Social inclusion in general refers to the involvement of a wide range of social groups (including vulnerable ones that are often excluded) in all spheres of life. Making UGI planning socially inclusive demands attention to the needs of these different groups. Of particular concern are those with the most ϐ lating their interests, such as immigrants or Ǣ less, unemployed or poor. If not carefully managed, initiatives to involve citizens in planning produce results that favour some

and not others, by further empowering those in advantaged positions, or encouraging resistance from narrow interest groups to policies designed for the public interest2. In order to avoid these pitfalls, it is essential that governing institutions are capable of not only listening to a range of interests, but also channelling and balancing them. Social inclusion is related to social cohesion, yet these are not the same. The latter concerns the outcome of UGI planning with ȋֻ sion), while socially inclusive UGI planning is instead a process of including all social and cultural groups people in decision-making – one end goal of which is UGI that is equally accessible to them and meets their various ȋֻ ȌǤ

tŽƌŬŝŶŐ ŐƌŽƵƉ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ y//͘ <ƵŶďĄďŽŶǇŝ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ͕ ĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ ƐƉĂƟĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ,ĂũŶĂů &ĞŬĞƚĞ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B Ky ϱ͗ zKE d, KE^dZh d/KE ^/d ͕ >:h >: E ĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ^ŝƚĞ ; ^Ϳ ŝƐ Ă ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐ ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶ ĂďĂŶĚŽŶĞĚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ƐŝƚĞ ŝŶ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ͕ ^ůŽǀĞŶŝĂ͘ 'ƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƐ ^ ǁĂƐ ŬŝĐŬͲƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϬ ďǇ ŶĞŝŐŚͲ ďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƐƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ E'KƐ <h KďƌĂƚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶŬĞƌ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ ŝŶ ƐŽĐŝŽůŽŐǇ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘ /ŶŝƟĂƚŽƌƐ ĐĂůůĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƚŽ ͚ĐŽͲĐƌĞĂƚĞ͛ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͘ Ŷ ŽīĞƌ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ŝŶ ĂƩƌĂĐƟŶŐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͕ ĂƉƉĞĂůŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ^ůŽǀĞŶŝĂŶ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂƩĂĐŚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͘ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞŶ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌͲ ŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͛Ɛ ƵƐĞ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞŶƚ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘ Ɛ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁĞŶƚ ŽŶ͕ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚ ƵƐĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ ŽŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŽĨ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ

ďǇ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ǀĂůƵĞĚ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂǇ͕ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŶŐ ƌŽůĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŐƌĂĚƵĂůůǇ ƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƌƐ͕ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŽŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĂŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘ ĐƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ dŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞ ŶĞŝŐŚͲ bours and residents from other parts ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͘ dŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶĐŝů ĞŶĂďůĞƐ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚ Ăƚ ŶŽ ĐŽƐƚ͕ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ǇĞĂƌůǇ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ <h KďƌĂƚ͘ ŽƵŶĐŝů ĂůƐŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƐŽŵĞ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůǇͿ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐŵĂůů ĚŽŶĂƟŽŶƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽŵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ &ƵŶĚ ĨŽƌ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů DŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ ĨŽƌ ƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă ƐĞĞĚ ĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ͘ ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͛Ɛ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ǁĂƐ ĂŝĚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ͛ ŐŽŽĚ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶͲ ƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶĐŝů ;ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐͿ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ

ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ĂƐƉĞĐƚ ŽĨ ůĂŶĚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ /Ŷ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ͕ ĂďĂŶĚŽŶĞĚ ƐŝƚĞƐ ĐĂŶ ƌĞŵĂŝŶ ƵŶƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ůĞŶŐƚŚǇ ƉĞƌŝŽĚƐ ʹ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ƵƉ ƚŽ ϮϬ ǇĞĂƌƐ ʹ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ ;ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞͿ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂůůǇͲĚƌŝǀĞŶ ƵƐĞƐ͘ Results dŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŚĂƐ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ŶĞǁ ǀĂůƵĞ ƚŽ Ă ĚĞƌĞůŝĐƚ ƐŝƚĞ͕ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌͲ ŚŽŽĚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ĂŶĚ͕ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇ͕ ďĞĞŶ ĐĂƌƌŝĞĚ beyond the site. As a ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͛Ɛ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶĐŝů͕ Ă ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ƵƐĞ ĂŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ƚŽ ůŽĐĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͗ ƉĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ Žī ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ WƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ŝŶ ŶŐůŝƐŚ͘ KUD Obrat, 2010.

ĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ^ŝƚĞ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐ ƵƐĞĚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƚŽ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ƚŽ ĐŽͲĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͘ Credit: KUD Obrat Archive

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B dŚĞ ƉůĂĐĞ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Social inclusion is often talked about in association with the term ‘governance’, a concept entailing a widening of focus from state-centric government, to further include the role of non-state actors. The concept of governance has emerged in a context where the distinction between ‘topdown’ and ‘bottom-up’ is becoming increasingly harder to see. Instead, both approaches are often in play at the same time, e.g., when a local government authority moves to institutionalise a grassroots initiative (see Deliverable 6.1).

Even though governance is emerging across Europe, recognition of the concept does not automatically lead to the involvement of all population groups and equal consideration of their interests, nor does it mean that social considerations are always given high priority. Recent studies on peri-urban development in Europe found that economic growth motives continue to dominate land use planning decisions, and, while ecological protection is of growing policy interest, social justice concerns receive very little attention3. Local authorities have a crucial role to play in mainstreaming social inclusion in

UGI planning, working together with members of civil society who are empowered not only to participate, but also to take action4.

t,z 'Ks ZE E ͍ &Žƌ ŵŽƌĞ ŽŶ h'/ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ͕ see /ŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞƐ ʹ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ϭϴ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƵƌŽƉĞ͘ Deliverable 6.2.

Ky ϲ͗ d > </ ^Yh Z ͕ h W ^d E , >D,K>d ^Yh Z ͕ Z>/E dǁŽ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ ĂŶĚ ƵĚĂƉĞƐƚ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ͕ ƌĞǀĞĂů ƚŚĞ ĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĂůůǇ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ ŽƚŚ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĚŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞĚ ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ĞĂĐŚ ĐŝƚǇ͘ ĚǀŽĐĂĐǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƵĚĂƉĞƐƚ dŚĞ ƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŽĨ dĞůĞŬŝ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ͕ ƵĚĂͲ ƉĞƐƚ͕ ǁĂƐ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ ďǇ Ă ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ͕ ǁŚŽ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ Ɛ Ă ƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ Ă ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͛ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƋƵĂƌĞ͛Ɛ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ŵĂŝŶͲ ƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ dĞůĞŬŝ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ ĐůĞĂƌůǇ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƐŽŵĞ ƌĞƐŝͲ ĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĞǆĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ƐůĞĞƉŝŶŐ͖ ĞĂƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƌĞ ĨŽƌďŝĚĚĞŶ͖ ŐƵĂƌĚƐ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŵŽǀĞ ĂŶǇŽŶĞ ǁŚŽ ĚŝƐŽďĞǇƐ ƚŚĞ ƌƵůĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ŶĞǁ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĂůƌĞĂĚǇͲĚŝƐĞŶĨƌĂŶͲ ĐŚŝƐĞĚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ZŽŵĂ͕ ŚŽŵĞůĞƐƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂŶĚ ĂůĐŽŚŽůŝĐƐͿ͘

ƋƵŝƚǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ dŚĞ ƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ,ĞůŵŚŽůƚǌ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ϮϬϬϬƐ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĨŽƌ ĚĞƉƌŝǀĞĚ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϲ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƉĂŝĚ ĨŽƌ Ă ĐŽŵŵƵͲ ŶŝƚǇ ŽĸĐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ Ă ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ Ăůů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƋƵĂƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ŐĞŶƵŝŶĞůǇ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŶ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽĨ ŐĞŶƚƌŝĮͲ ĐĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ůŽƐƚ ŝƚƐ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ůŝŬĞǁŝƐĞ ŝƚƐ ĐŽŵŵƵͲ ŶŝƚǇ ŽĸĐĞ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǁŚŽ ŚĂĚ ŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚ ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƋƵĂƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŶŽǁ ĨĂĐŝŶŐ ůĞƐƐ ƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŵŝĚĚůĞ ĐůĂƐƐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ ǁŚŽƐĞ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ ĚŽŵŝͲ ŶĂŶƚ͘ ,Žǁ ƚŚŝƐ ŵŽƵŶƟŶŐ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƐŽůǀĞĚ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ǇĞƚ ĐůĞĂƌ͘ tŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĚŝīĞƌ ;ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ďĞŝŶŐ Ă ŐŽŽĚ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ĂĚǀŽĐĂĐǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐŽŶĚ ŽĨ ĞƋƵŝƚǇ ƉůĂŶͲ ŶŝŶŐ ʹ ƐĞĞ <ĞǇ dĞƌŵƐ Žǆ ŽǀĞƌ ƉĂŐĞͿ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐŚŽƌƚĐŽŵŝŶŐƐ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐƟŶĐͲ ƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘

ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŝƐ Ă ŐŽŽĚ ƐƚĂƌƚ͕ ďƵƚ ǁŝůů ŶŽƚ ŝŶ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ĨŽƐƚĞƌ Ă ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ĐŽŚĞƐŝǀĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘ ĐƟǀĞůǇ ŝĚĞŶƟͲ ĨǇŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ Ăůů ƵƐĞƌ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ĐŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ further steps.

dŚĞ ƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ dĞůĞŬŝ ^ƋƵĂƌĞ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞ ƉůĂĐĞ͕ ǇĞƚ ƐŽŵĞ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ŶŽ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ĨĞĞů ǁĞůĐŽŵĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ /ǀĄŶ dŽƐŝĐƐ

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ hZ d ĂƌƟĐůĞ ͛WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ Žƌ /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͍͛ Tosics, 2015.

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B >Ä&#x17E;Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x17E;ĹŻĆ? Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x;Ä?Ĺ?Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśÍ&#x2014; Ä¨Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝Ĺľ Ĺ?ĹśÄ¨Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;ĹľÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x;Ĺ˝Ĺś Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ä&#x17E;ĹľĆ&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ç Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹľÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161; Many levels of participation in planning are possible and these have often been represented along a spectrum, starting at one end with simply informing citizens, all the way to complete citizen control in decisionmaking at the other end â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with several steps in between (e.g., see the IAP2 Public Participation Spectrum5). In European cities, information and consultation processes are usually dictated by laws or regulations. Despite their formality, these processes can help to reveal citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; concerns and ideas. However, ensuring that they Â&#x2022;Â&#x2014;Â&#x2C6;Ď?Â&#x2039;Â&#x2026;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2013;Â&#x17D;Â&#x203A; Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Ď?Â&#x17D;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2026;Â&#x2013; Â&#x192;Â&#x17D;Â&#x17D; Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2013;Â&#x2022;ÇŻ Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2013;Â&#x2021;Â&#x201D;ests requires different efforts to engage people. Further, trust is built when participants feel that their voices are actually being considered instead of just heard. Consultation tends to be less formal in cities where citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; demands are part of the public policy culture and strengthened by bottom-up initiatives. To promote collaborative decision-making, some cities, such as Aarhus, have agreed on guidelines for citizen involvement from the outset of all municipal plans, strategies and projects6.

Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2122;Â&#x192;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2020; Â&#x2122;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013;Â&#x160; Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2026;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Â&#x192;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2020; Â&#x2039;Â?Ď?Â&#x17D;Â&#x2014;Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2026;Â&#x2021; over decision-making processes and outcomes, while governments may Â&#x201E;Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2021;Ď?Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013; Â&#x2C6;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2018;Â? Â&#x201E;Â&#x2014;Â&#x2039;Â&#x17D;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030; Â&#x2013;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2014;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013; Â&#x2122;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013;Â&#x160; Â&#x2026;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2039;zens and accessing non-traditional forms of local knowledge. Examples in practice have included participatory budgeting or public-led priority green space projects for neighbourÂ&#x160;Â&#x2018;Â&#x2018;Â&#x2020; Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x2022; Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x2018;Â&#x161; Íˇ Â&#x2039;Â&#x2022;Â&#x201E;Â&#x2018;Â? Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x2020; Íľ Utrecht). Allowing for and considering citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; concerns and ideas in the planning process is a step towards more socially inclusive planning, especially if included in a co-governance framework. Yet, there is more a practitioner can do to improve inclusivity in the planning process. In recent decades, even more radical approaches to citizen participation have been formulated, such as advocacy, empowerment or equity planning (see Key Terms Box, Öť Â&#x2018;Â&#x161; Í¸ Â&#x2014;Â&#x2020;Â&#x192;Â&#x2019;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013; Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x2020; Â&#x2021;Â&#x201D;Â&#x17D;Â&#x2039;Â?Č&#x152;7. When it comes to realising social inclusion in UGI planning practice, there are many ways to increase the willingness of citizens to express their preferences and participate in different stages of

Â&#x2013;Â&#x160;Â&#x2021; Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;Â&#x192;Â?Â?Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030; Â&#x2019;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2018;Â&#x2026;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2022; Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x2018;Â&#x2018;Â&#x17D;Â&#x201E;Â&#x2018;Â&#x161; ÍšÇĄ Box E3 Aarhus).

KEY TERMS8 Ä&#x161;Ç&#x20AC;Ĺ˝Ä?Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ć&#x2030;ĹŻÄ&#x201A;ĹśĹśĹ?ĹśĹ?Í&#x2014; Ä&#x201A;ĆŠÄ&#x17E;ĹľĆ&#x2030;Ć&#x161;Ć? Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ĺ˝ÄŤÄ&#x17E;Ć&#x152; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ĺ?Ä&#x161;Ä&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161;Ć? Ĺ˝Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161;ĆľĹśĹ?Ć&#x;Ä&#x17E;Ć? Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ć&#x161;Ä&#x201A;ĹŹÄ&#x17E; Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161; Ĺ?Ĺś ĹśÄ&#x17E;Ĺ?Ĺ˝Ć&#x;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśĆ? Ç Ĺ?Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ä&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x17E;ĹŻĹ˝Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;Ć?Í&#x2DC; Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;ĆľÄ?ĹŻĹ?Ä? Ä&#x201A;ĆľĆ&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ć&#x;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Í&#x2DC; ĹľĆ&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ç Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹľÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;ĹŻÄ&#x201A;ĹśĹśĹ?ĹśĹ?Í&#x2014; seeks to Ä&#x17E;ĹśÄ&#x201A;Ä?ĹŻÄ&#x17E; Ä?Ĺ˝ĹľĹľĆľĹśĹ?Ć&#x161;Ç&#x2021; Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;ĹśĹ?Ć?Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśĆ? Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ĺ?ĹśĹ&#x2021;ĆľÄ&#x17E;ĹśÄ?Ä&#x17E; Ĺ?ĹśÇ&#x20AC;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ć&#x161;ĹľÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161; Ä&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ä?Ĺ?Ć?Ĺ?Ĺ˝ĹśĆ? Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ä?Ć&#x152;Ĺ?ĹśĹ?Ĺ?ĹśĹ? Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152; Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ä?Ĺ˝ĹśÄ?Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x161;Ć? Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x;Ä?Ĺ?Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ç&#x2021; Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ć&#x;Ĺ˝Ĺś Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ä?Ĺ&#x161;Í&#x2022; Ä&#x161;Ĺ?Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä?Ć&#x161; Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ć&#x;Ĺ˝Ĺś Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;ĹśĹ?Ć?Ĺ?ĹśĹ? ÍžÇ Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ĺ˝Ć?Ä&#x17E; Ä&#x201A;ÄŤÄ&#x17E;Ä?Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161; Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ä&#x201A; Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝Ä?ĹŻÄ&#x17E;Ĺľ ĹľĹ˝Ä?Ĺ?ĹŻĹ?Ć?Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ ÄŽĹśÄ&#x161; Ä&#x201A; Ć?Ĺ˝ĹŻĆľĆ&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśÍżÍ&#x2022; Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ć&#x2030;ĆľĹŻÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x152; Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161;ĆľÄ?Ä&#x201A;Í˛ Ć&#x;Ĺ˝Ĺś ÍžĆ&#x152;Ä&#x201A;Ĺ?Ć?Ĺ?ĹśĹ? Ä?Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ć&#x;Ä?Ä&#x201A;ĹŻ Ä?Ĺ˝ĹśĆ?Ä?Ĺ?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ?ĹśÄ&#x17E;Ć?Ć? Ä&#x201A;ĹľĹ˝ĹśĹ? Ä&#x161;Ĺ?Ć?Ä&#x201A;Ä&#x161;Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x201A;ĹśĆ&#x161;Ä&#x201A;Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161; Ĺ?Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x2030;Ć?Íż Ä&#x201A;Ć? Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161; Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ä&#x201A; Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ć? Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ć? Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ç Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;ĹŻÄ&#x201A;Í˛ Ć&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśĆ? Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ä?Ć&#x152;Ĺ?ĹśĹ? Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x161; Ć?Ĺ˝Ä?Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;ĹŻ Ä?Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x201A;ĹśĹ?Ä&#x17E;Ďľ. Ć&#x2039;ĆľĹ?Ć&#x161;Ç&#x2021; Ć&#x2030;ĹŻÄ&#x201A;ĹśĹśĹ?ĹśĹ?Í&#x2014; involves planners Ç Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;ĹŹĹ?ĹśĹ? Ĺ?ĹśĆ?Ĺ?Ä&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ĺ?Ĺ˝Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹśĹľÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161; Ç Ĺ&#x161;Ĺ˝ ĆľĆ?Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ĺ?Ć&#x152; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ć?Ĺ?Ć&#x;Ĺ˝Ĺś Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ä&#x17E;Ç&#x2020;Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x;Ć?Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ĺ?ĹśĹ&#x2021;ĆľÄ&#x17E;ĹśÄ?Ä&#x17E; Ç&#x20AC;Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ç Ć?Í&#x2022; ĹľĹ˝Ä?Ĺ?ĹŻĹ?Ć?Ä&#x17E; Ĺ?Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x2030;Ć? Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x161; Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E; ĆľĹśÄ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;Í˛ Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ä&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161;Í&#x2022; Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ä&#x201A;Ä&#x161;Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ?Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝ĹŻĹ?Ä?Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ć? Ç Ĺ?Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161; Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ä&#x201A;Ĺ?Ĺľ Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161;Ĺ?Ć?Ć&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä?ĆľĆ&#x;ĹśĹ? Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x152;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć? Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Í&#x2DC;

Ĺ˝Í˛Ĺ?Ĺ˝Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹśÄ&#x201A;ĹśÄ?Ä&#x17E; Another way to think about participation is in terms of co-governance, where power is distributed between authorities and citizens (see Deliverables 6.1 and 6.2). Citizens can be KĹśÄ&#x17E; Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹŻĹ?ĹśÍ&#x203A;Ć? ĹľĹ˝Ć?Ć&#x161; Ç Ä&#x17E;ĹŻĹŻÍ˛ĹŹĹśĹ˝Ç Ĺś Ä?Ĺ˝ĹľĹľĆľĹśĹ?Ć&#x161;Ç&#x2021; Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x161;Ä&#x17E;ĹśĆ?Í&#x2022; Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; WĆ&#x152;Ĺ?ĹśÇ&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ć?Ĺ?ĹśĹśÄ&#x17E;ĹśĹ?Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ĺś Ĺ?Ć? Ä?Ĺ˝Í˛ĹľÄ&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x201A;Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161; Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ä&#x201A; Ć?ĹľÄ&#x201A;ĹŻĹŻ Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;Ĺľ Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ä&#x17E;ĹľĆ&#x2030;ĹŻĹ˝Ç&#x2021;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x17E;Ć? Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ĺ&#x161;ĆľĹśÄ&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161;Ć? Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ç&#x20AC;Ĺ˝ĹŻĆľĹśĆ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;Ć? Ĺ˝Ĺś ĹŻÄ&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161; Ä¨Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝Ĺľ Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; &Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä?Ĺ&#x161;Ć?Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x201A;Ĺ?ĹśÍ˛<Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;ĆľÇ&#x152;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;Ĺ? ĹľĆľĹśĹ?Ä?Ĺ?Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;ĹŻĹ?Ć&#x161;Ç&#x2021;Í&#x2DC; Credit: Rieke Hansen

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B Ky ϳ͗ WW'/^ ^ dKK> &KZ W Zd/ /W d/KE͕ >/^ KE ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶͲ ĂůůǇ ďĞĞŶ ƚŽƉͲĚŽǁŶ ŝŶ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ŵĂŶǇ ĐŝƟĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŵŽǀŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂĚŽƉƚ ŵŽƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝͲ ƉĂƚŽƌǇ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͗ ŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͛ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ ŝĚĞĂƐ͕ ǀĂůƵĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĨŽƌŵ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĨŽƌͲ ŵĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐ͕ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ďĞƩĞƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞͲ ĐŝĂůůǇ ǁŚĞŶ ƐƉĂƟĂůůǇͲĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĂƌĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĚ͘ dŽ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚŝƐ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ͕ Ă ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ƚŽŽůƐ ŚĂƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ƚǁŽ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͕ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ WƵďůŝĐ WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ 'ĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ ;WW'/^Ϳ͘ /Ŷ ĞƐƐĞŶĐĞ͕ WW'/^ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐ ŐĞŽƐƉĂƟĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ;ďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ͕ ůŽĐĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ Žƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐͿ ƚŽ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ ƐƉĂƟĂů ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůƉ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ďĞƩĞƌ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ůĂŶĚͲƵƐĞ͕ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ^ƵĐŚ ƚŽŽůƐ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ĐŝƟǌĞŶ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ

ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ƐƵĐŚ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĞŶǀŝͲ ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ Žƌ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϭ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘ WW'/^ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ Ăƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ͗ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ Ă ǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ Žƌ ďĂƐĞůŝŶĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ Žƌ ƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ Ă ƉůĂĐĞͿ͕ Žƌ ƚŽ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ Žƌ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ Ă ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƵƉŽŶ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ >ŽǁͲƚĞĐŚ ĂŶĚ ŚŝŐŚͲƚĞĐŚ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ƚǁŽ ŵĂŝŶ ƚǇƉĞƐ ŽĨ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͗ ϭͿ ŚĂƌĚĐŽƉǇ ŵĂƉƐ Žƌ ĂĞƌŝĂů ŝŵĂŐĞƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ŵĂƌŬ points or areas of interest with pens, ŵĂƌŬĞƌƐ Žƌ ƐƟĐŬĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ϮͿ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ͕ ƚǇƉŝĐĂůůǇ ƵƐŝŶŐ ǁĞďͲďĂƐĞĚ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŵĂŶǇ ĨƌĞĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͕ ֻToolbox T7). Some ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞ WW'/^ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĞďͲďĂƐĞĚ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ƚŽŽůƐ͕ ƐŽ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂƟĂů ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ͘

͞ Ž ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ƚĞŶ ŵŝŶƵƚĞƐ ƚŽ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ >ŝƐďŽŶ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͍͟ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϳ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ 'Z E ^hZ' ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ Ă WW'/^ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ǁĂƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ >ŝƐďŽŶ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ůŽĐĂů h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ;ƐĞĞ ŵĂƉ ďĞůŽǁͿ͘ dŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ ǀŝƐŝƚĞĚ͕ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĂǀŽŝĚĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĂƐ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ŚŝŐŚ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŽĨ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ Žƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ůĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶͲ ŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĂŶŐĞƐ ;Đ ϯĐͿ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ hŶŝǀĞƌͲ ƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͕ ŝŶ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͘ ƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ŽĨ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ǁĂƐ ƐƟůů ŝŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ͘ WƌĞůŝŵͲ ŝŶĂƌǇ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ ƐŚŽǁĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ϳϬй of respondents were not aware of the ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ŝƚƐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐ ŵŽƌĞ ǁŽƌŬ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ ůŽĐĂů ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

ĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ WW'/^ ŝŶ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ϭ͘ Enables many residents and stakeholders to more easily ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ Žƌ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ĂƩĞŶĚ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĨŽƌƵŵƐ͘ Ϯ͘ ĂŶ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĚǇŶĂŵŝĐ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘ ϯ͘ /Ɛ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ŝŶĞǆƉĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĂƐǇ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͘

Green spaces most frequently visited City parks Lisbon municipal boundary Ϭ ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ Ŭŵ

ϰ͘ KīĞƌƐ ŵĂƉƐ ĂƐ Ă ƚĂŶŐŝďůĞ outcome to support planning and ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͘ DĂƉ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WW'/^ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ŝŶ >ŝƐďŽŶ͘ Credit: Ana Catarina Luz

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B KEY MESSAGES FOR INCREASING SOCIAL INCLUSION DĂƚĐŚ ƚŚĞ ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐĐĂůĞ͕ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ͕ ďŽƩŽŵͲƵƉ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĐĂŶ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌ ůŽĐĂů ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂŶĚ͕ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ͕ ƌĞƐƵůƚ in local residents taking responsibility to manage an urban green space (ֻBox B5 >ũƵďůũĂŶĂͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŵĂǇ ŶŽƚ ďĞ ƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ Ăƚ Ă ŵƵĐŚ ůĂƌŐĞƌͲƐĐĂůĞ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐƵƉƉůĂŶƚ͕ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͘

/ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƵŶĚĞƌͲƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ƚŚĞŵ WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĐĂŶ ĞĂƐŝůǇ ůĞĂĚ ƚŽ ĂŶ ƵŶďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĞǆĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ůĞƐƐ ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂŶĚ Ă ďƵŶĚůĞ ŽĨ ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ ƚŚĞŵ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ŽīĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ǁŽŵĞŶ͕ Žƌ ĞƚŚŶŝĐ ŵŝŶŽƌŝƟĞƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϯ ĂƌŚƵƐͿ͘ KŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƐŝĞƐƚ ǁĂǇƐ ŝƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ĐŝƟǌĞŶ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ƚŽ ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƚŚĞ ďƵƌĚĞŶƐ ŽĨ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ŝƚ ĂƐ ƐŝŵƉůĞ ĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƚŽ ŐĞƚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ͘ ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϳ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ͘

ĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƐŬŝůů ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ dŽ ŵŽǀĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĨŽƌŵĂů ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĚĞĂůƚ ǁŝƚŚ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞ ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ŚƵŵĂŶ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ƟŵĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐ͕ ŝŶƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŽŶ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĸĐŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ Žƌ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐ͘ dŽ ƚŚŝƐ ĞŶĚ͕ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ Ă ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌ͕ Žƌ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŽ ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ůĞǀĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŐŽĞƐ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŌĞƌ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ Ăůů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ dŚŝƐ may include physical maintenance programmes, but also social work (ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶͿ͘

ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ dϳ ĨŽƌ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ĨŽƐƚĞƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘

REFERENCES 1 Kooiman, J., 1993. Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions. Sage, London. 2 Cook, B., Kothari, U. (eds), 2001. Participation: the new Tyranny? Zed Books Ltd. New York. 3 Aalbers, C., Eckerberg, K., 2013. Governance and Sustainability of Peri-Urban Areas: A Comparative Analysis of the PLUREL Case Studies. In: Nillson, K., Pauleit, S., et al. (eds). Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe. Springer, p367.

4 Baker, S., Eckerberg, K. (eds). 2008. In Pursuit of Sustainable Development, New governance practices at the sub-national level in Europe. Routledge, p91. 5 IAP2 International Federation, 2012. IAP2 Spectrum of Public Participation. Available from: www.iap2.org/?page=A5

7 Bratt, R.G., Reardon, K.M., 2013. Beyond the Ladder: New Ideas About Resident Roles in Contemporary Community Development in the United States. In: Carmon, N., Fainstein, S. (eds.). Policy, Planning, and People. Promoting Justice in Urban Development. University of Pennsylvania Press, p359. 8

6 See more at City of Aarhus website: https:// www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/ CityOfAarhus/Home/The-City-Council/TheAarhus-model.aspx?sc_lang=da

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

See Bratt et al., 2013.

9 Reardon, K.M., 2000. An Experiential Approach to Creating a Community/University Partnership That Works: The East St. Louis Action Research Project. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research 5-1, 59-74.

FURTHER READING PRACTICAL GUIDANCE ŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ tŝƚŚ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ. EPA, 2014. 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂƐĞ ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐ͗ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů WŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ EPA, 2010. 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ 'ƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ;EŽ͘ E ϭϳϲͿ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂů ŶŐůĂŶĚ͕ ϮϬϬϵ͘ dŚĞ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů WŽůŝĐǇ͕ /ŶͲĚĞƉƚŚ ZĞƉŽƌƚ͘ DG Environment, 2012. d DĂŶƵĂů ĨŽƌ ŝƟĞƐ͗ ĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ hƌďĂŶ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ d ʹ dŚĞ ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐ ŽĨ ĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ϮϬϭϭ͘ ŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘ &ŽƌĞƐƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŐĞŶĐǇ͕ h<͘ dĂďďƵƐŚ͕ W͕͘ ϮϬϬϱ͘ dŚĞ hZ d // >ŽĐĂů ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ 'ƌŽƵƉ dŽŽůŬŝƚ͘ hZ d͕ ϮϬϭϯ͘

SCIENTIFIC TEXTS 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͗ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐ ,ƵŵĂŶ ĂŶĚ EĂƚƵƌĂů Systems. ďŝŶŐĚŽŶ͕ h<͗ ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͘ ƵƐƟŶ͕ '͕͘ ϮϬϭϰ͘ Ŷ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͗ >ŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ Review. ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ Ϯ͕ ϭͲϮϰ͘ ĞĂƵĐŚĂŵƉ͕ W͕͘ ĚĂŵŽǁƐŬŝ͕ :͕͘ ϮϬϭϯ͘ ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϰϮ͕ ϭϱϭʹϭϲϰ͘ ĂƌƚĞƌ͕ d͕͘ &ŽǁůĞƌ͕ >͕͘ ϮϬϬϴ͘ īĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ >Žǁ /ŵƉĂĐƚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ WƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͗ >ŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ZĞǀŝĞǁ ĂŶĚ ^ƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ &ƵƚƵƌĞ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘ tĂƚĞƌ͕ ŝƌ ĂŶĚ ^Žŝů WŽůůƵƟŽŶ͘ ϮϮϯ͕ ϰϮϱϯͲϰϮϳϯ͘ Ahiablame, L.M. et al., 2012. dŚĞ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͗ Ă ƌĞǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ƚǁĞŶƚǇ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŝŶ EŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ ƵƌŽƉĞ͘ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ƌĐŚŝͲ ƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ϴ;ϮͿ͕ ϱϮͲϲϯ͘ ĂĐŬŚĂƵƐ͕ ͕͘ &ƌǇĚ͕ K͕͘ ϮϬϭϯ͘ ĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƐƚ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ 'ƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ &ŝŶĂů ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ' ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ĂŶĚ ',< ŽŶƐƵůƟŶŐ͘ EĂƵŵĂŶŶ͕ ^͕͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϭ͘ 'ƌĞĞŶǁĂǇƐ ĂƐ Ă ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂŶĚ hƌďĂŶ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ϯϯ͕ ϭϯϭͲϭϱϱ͘ ŚĞƌŶ͕ :͕͘ ϭϵϵϱ͘ ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐƌĞĞŶǁĂǇƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͗ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŝŶ /ƚĂůǇ͘ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ϲ;ϰϵͿ͕ ϵϬϯͲϵϭϲ͘ &ƵŵĂŐĂůůŝ͕ E͘ Θ dŽĐĐŽůŝŶŝ͕ ͕͘ ϮϬϭϮ͘ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů EĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ 'ƌĞĞŶǁĂǇƐ͗ ŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ĞƐŝŐŶ͕ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ WƌĞƐƐ͕ EĞǁ zŽƌŬ͕ E͘z͘ :ŽŶŐŵĂŶ͕ Z͘,͘'͕͘ WƵŶŐĞƫ͕ '͕͘ ϮϬϬϰ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

D </E' /d , WW E͊

ŵďĞĚĚŝŶŐ h'/ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ

EMBEDDING UGI IN THE PLANNING PROCESS Although the social, environmental and regulatory context varies from city to city,

ϐ about where and how it might be possible ϐ ǡ less of where they take place, in order to support urban green infrastructure.

dŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ ŝƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ ĞŵďĞĚĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ h'/ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ͊

So far, we have looked at UGI planning in relation to urban challenges and four core principles. Importantly, these are fundamentally inter-linked with one another. Each of the UGI planning principles can, to varying degrees, contribute to addressing the urban challenges investigated for

/Ed 'Z d/KE

KEE d/s/dz

GREEN SURGE (see matrix below). Greengrey integration, whether for stormwater management or urban cooling, is directly Ǣ while enhancing ecological connectivity relates closely to protecting biodiversity. Finally, a socially inclusive planning process might not guarantee a socially cohesive community – but it is an important step towards one. The next pages offer further insights across a range of practical planning aspects – assessing a UGI network, developing plans, engaging stakeholders and implementation.

Dh>d/&hE d/KE >/dz

^K / > /E >h^/KE

>/E</E' h'/ WZ/E /W> ^ t/d, hZ E , >> E' ^ >/D d , E'

/K /s Z^/dz

'Z E KEKDz

^K / > K, ^/KE dŚĞ ĨŽƵƌ ĐŽƌĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ŽĨ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ĞĂĐŚ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ 'Z E ^hZ' ͘

'ƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĨŽƌ ŇŽŽĚ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ Žƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ͘ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ǀĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ͘

ZĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉͲ ƚĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͘

/ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŝŶ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

Habitat provision, ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ŶĂƟǀĞ plants as one of the ĐŽͲďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶͲ ŐƌĞǇ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ͘

Networks for ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘

WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͘

&ŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ Ăůů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ŽĨ the value of ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

ZĞĚƵĐĞĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞͲ ŵĞŶƚ ĐŽƐƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͖ ĂǀŽŝĚĞĚ ĐŽƐƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌŝƐŬ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ͘

WƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ sustainable transport ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ǁĂůŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ lessen environmental ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͘

ŽƐƚ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ h'/ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘

WƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽͲĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽͲŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽͲŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

WƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ h'/ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ demands and needs ŽĨ Ăůů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘

ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ůĞƐƐͲ ǀŽĐĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͛ ŶĞĞĚƐ and their empowerͲ ŵĞŶƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽůůĂďͲ ŽƌĂƟǀĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘

ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Provision of ƵƐĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĂŵĞŶŝƚǇ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ h'/ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

ASSESSING UGI NETWORKS hŶĐŽǀĞƌ ǀĂůƵĞ ĂŶĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚŝĞƐ ^ǇƐƚĞŵĂƟĐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ h'/ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ƉƌĞĐƵƌƐŽƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĂŶǇ ƐŽƵŶĚ h'/ ƉůĂŶ͕ ďƵƚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ h'/͛Ɛ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͘ YƵĂŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂŶ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ h'/͕ ŝĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĚ ǁĞůů ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬĞƌƐ͘ YƵĂŶƟƚǇ E ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ Identifying and quantifying a broad

ȋֻ ǡ Ȍ ϐ in understanding the shortcomings and potential of a UGI network, but it is also important to assess the quality of these elements and their ȋֻ tivity). Quality in its simplest form can be assessed by gathering data on ϐ UGI elements. Any qualitative assessment as a basis for UGI planning

KEY MESSAGES ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƋƵĂŶƟƚǇ͕ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͕ ƐƵƉƉůǇ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ͕ ŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĨŽƌ ĚĞĮŶŝŶŐ ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ hƐĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ h'/ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ ŵƵůƟƚƵĚĞ ŽĨ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƚŽŽůƐ ĞǆŝƐƚ ĨŽƌ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ʹ ŝƚ ŝƐ ďĞƐƚ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ Ă ŵŝǆ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ͘ ϐ trum of functions and services before identifying priorities ȋֻ ȌǤ ecosystem services approach is one means of doing so. The TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) initiative suggests a stepwise procedure to identify and ϐ needs in a given urban area ȋֻ ͶͺȌǤ

^ƵƉƉůǇ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ Alongside information about existing green and blue spaces, both demand for and access to them need to be considered. Top-down assessments can also help determine priority actions, such as a green space audit, which assesses and maps city green spaces along with their shortcomings, potential and accessibility for residents in different parts of the city ȋֻ Ͷ ȌǤ

dŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ă ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚŽůĚ ŚŝĚĚĞŶ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ŝƐ ƚƵƌŶŝŶŐ ǁĂƐƚĞůĂŶĚƐ ŝŶƚŽ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͘ Credit: Rieke Hansen

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C Ky ϭ͗ ^^ ^^/E' d, ^K / > s >h K& 'Z E ^W t/d, WW'/^͕ Z>/E tĂǇƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂƌĞ ŽĨ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŝŶ ŵĂŶǇ ĐŝƟĞƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ ŽŌĞŶ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĂůĂŶĐĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƐĂƟƐͲ ĨĂĐƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ WƵďůŝĐ WĂƌƟĐŝͲ ƉĂƚŽƌǇ 'ĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ ;WW'/^Ϳ ĐĂŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ŽŶ ƚƌĂĚŝͲ ƟŽŶĂů ƐƵƌǀĞǇŝŶŐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͕ ĐĂƉƚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ ŽǀĞƌ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůůǇ ďĞĞŶ ĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉŽƐƚĂů ƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ ŝŶƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂŶĚ ƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĂƌŬƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů͕ Žƌ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ͕ ŽŶĞͲŽŶͲŽŶĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐĂŵĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂͲ ƟŽŶĂů ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ͘ tŚŝůĞ ďŽƚŚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŵƵĐŚ ƵƐĞĨƵů ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ WW'/^ ĂůůŽǁƐ ĐŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ŽďƚĂŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĚĂƚĂ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĞŶƟƌĞ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ Žƌ

ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ͘ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ă WW'/^ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ĐĂŶ ŐƌĞĂƚůǇ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƉůĂŶͲ ŶĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ parks are used, the needs and preferͲ ĞŶĐĞƐ ŽĨ ƉĂƌŬͲŐŽĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ;ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐͿ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵĐŚ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂǇ ĂƌŝƐĞ͘ ůƐŽ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ĞŶƚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ Ă '/^͕ ŝƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŽǀĞƌůĂŝĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂƉ ůĂǇĞƌƐ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůůǇ ƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŽĨ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇͿ͕ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ŵŽƌĞ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶͲ ƟĨǇ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ Ɛ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ 'Z E ^hZ' ͕ ĂŶ ŽŶůŝŶĞ WW'/^ ƐƚƵĚǇ ǁĂƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƚŚĞǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂƌĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ;ƐĞĞ ŵĂƉ ďĞůŽǁͿ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ůĂƐƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ

ŽĨ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ƵƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ WW'/^ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ŵƵĐŚ ƌŝĐŚĞƌ ĚĞƚĂŝů ĂďŽƵƚ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƉĂƌŬƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝͲ ĞŶĐŝŶŐ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ůŝŬĞ ŽǀĞƌĐƌŽǁĚŝŶŐ Žƌ ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŬŝŶĚƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟǀŝͲ ƟĞƐ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ƉůĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĞƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ǀĂůƵĞƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŬŝŶĚ ŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ĐĂŶ ƐĞƌǀĞ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ƉůĂŶͲ ŶŝŶŐ͕ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂͲ ƟŽŶƐ ;ƐĞĞ ŝŶƐĞƚ ďĞůŽǁͿ͘

WŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ WW'/^ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ϭ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ŚŽƚƐƉŽƚƐ ŽĨ ǀĂůƵĞ ĂŶĚ uses Ϯ͘ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ and/or redevelopment areas ϯ͘ ŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ ŚŽǁ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŵĂǇ react to planning and management decisions DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϭ͘ WŝŶƉŽŝŶƚ ĂŶƟͲƐŽĐŝĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ Ϯ͘ ĞƩĞƌ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ maintenance ϯ͘ ĞƩĞƌ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇͿ ĞƐŝŐŶ ϭ͘ Protect especially loved features in a park redesign Ϯ͘ Redesign areas experiencing ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ Žƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐŚŽƌƚĐŽŵŝŶŐƐ

Ϭ ϱ ϭϬ ϮϬ Ŭŵ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

,ŽƚƐƉŽƚ ŵĂƉ ŽĨ ĨĂǀŽƵƌŝƚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĂƐ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶĂů͘ dŚĞ ŚŽƚƐƉŽƚƐ͕ ƐŚŽǁŶ ŝŶ ƌĞĚ͕ ĂƌĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌŬƐ dŝĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶ͕ dĞŵƉĞůŚŽĨĞƌ &ĞůĚ͕ dƌĞƉƚŽǁĞƌ WĂƌŬ ĂŶĚ sŽůŬƐƉĂƌŬ &ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚƐŚĂŝŶ͘ Credit: Emily Rall

C d Έd, KEKD/ ^ K& K^z^d D^ E /K /s Z^/dzΉ ^d Wt/^ WWZK ,1 dŚĞ d ƐƚĞƉǁŝƐĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ŵĞĂŶƐ ŽĨ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŽĨ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ h'/͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐŝŶŐ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ ^ƚĞƉ ϭ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĨǇ ĂŶĚ ĂŐƌĞĞ ŽŶ Ă ƉƌŽďůĞŵ Žƌ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŝƐƐƵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƚĂĐŬůĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ; ^^Ϳ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ ^ƚĞƉ Ϯ͗ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ǁŚŝĐŚ ^^ ĂƌĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐͿ͘ ^ƚĞƉ ϯ͗ ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ǁŚĂƚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƐĞůĞĐƚ ƐƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ^^ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘ ^ƚĞƉ ϰ͗ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ;ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ŝŶͿ ^^ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǀĂůƵĞƐ͘ ^ƚĞƉ ϱ͗ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Žƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ Žƌ ƐĞĐƵƌĞ ^^ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶͬ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ƐĞƚ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŵŽƟŽŶ͘ ^ƚĞƉ ϲ͗ ƐƐĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů͕ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘

ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ

ϐ economic values can be a particularly convincing strategy to persuade decision-makers. For instance, the City of Edinburgh assessed the social return on investment of its urban green space, showing that, for every single GBP spent, 12-14GBP are generated in social-economic and ϐ 2. Similarly, illustrating the costs of NOT investing in UGI can be equally ȋֻ ʹ ȌǤ ^ŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ

ϐ cannot be easily translated into monetary values, or it may simply not make sense to do so. Examples include a powerful place identity, inspiration received from green spaces, or the value of biodiversity. Here, other kinds of assessment come into play.

Ecological assessments can look at the quantity and quality of green spaces in general, of ecosystems, or of particular components of ecosystems. For example, a vulnerability assessment can identify areas which are more exposed to hazards from climate change and/or have less ȋֻ ͳ ȌǤ Social assessments concern the perceptions, values and goals of individuals or groups, and their relationships with green space. This type of assessment is more useful for intangible services, like spirituality or Ǣ are likely to have very different Ǣ for potentially controversial green space-related actions. Tools such as

ȋֻ ͹ Lisbon and C1 Berlin on PPGIS) can help to reveal what matters most to

citizens. Some expert-based studies, such as Edinburgh’s Open Space Audit, can also be considered a form ȋֻ Ͷ burgh).

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ Finally, integrated assessments bring together the ecological, economic and/or social dimensions. In their simplest form, individual results of the different assessment types can be discussed alongside one another, recognising that each is important to consider. Depending upon the consistency and comparability of methods, there are also integrated assessment tools that allow better side-by-side comparisons, such as multi-criteria analysis. See Toolboxes T1, T2, T6 and T7 for a range of assessment tools and Milestone 32 for more information on integrated valuation methods for UGI.

REFERENCES 1 TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, 2011. TEEB Manual for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban Management. See more at www.teebweb.org

2 Reil, A., 2015. 1st Stakeholder Dialogue Forum - “Green Infrastructure for and with citizens: How can local governments make it happen?” Brussels, 13 October 2015. GREEN SURGE joint milestone “Workshop on good practice in UGI planning and green space governance” (MS35).

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C Ky Ϯ͗ ^^ ^^/E' d, ZK> K& W Z/ͳhZ E & ZD> E /E h'/ W> EE/E'͕ D >DP hƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌŬƐ Žƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ůĞƐƐ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ƉĂŝĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞůǇͲŽǁŶĞĚ Žƌ ůĞĂƐĞĚ ƐŝƚĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ůĂŶĚ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ Ă ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ &ĂƌŵĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘ As part of the GREEN SURGE Urban >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ >Ăď ŝŶ DĂůŵƂ͕ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ͕ ĂŶ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƉĞƌŝͲƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ ƚĞĂŵ͕ ŵĂĚĞ ƵƉ ŽĨ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂī ĨƌŽŵ ĮǀĞ ŵƵŶŝĐͲ ŝƉĂů ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ owns about half of the farmland within ŝƚƐ ĐŝƚǇ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ʹ ĂďŽƵƚ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ŚĂ ŝŶ ƚŽƚĂů ʹ ĂŶĚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ŚĂ ŝŶ ĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚ ƚŚŝƐ land for urban expansion purposes, ďƵƚ ŚĂƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĐŽŵƉĂĐƚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘

dŚŝƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ƚŽ ĨŽƌŵƵͲ ůĂƚĞ ŶĞǁ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŐŽĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ŝƚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘ dŚĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐͲ ŵĞŶƚ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ͗ ϭ͘ dŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞͲ ĮƚƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ǀĂůƵĞ͕ ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƐĞůĨͲƐƵĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ͖ Ϯ͘ ^ŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͖ ϯ͘ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ͖ ĂŶĚ ϰ͘ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ dŚĞ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ƐŝƚĞ ĐŽŶĚŝͲ ƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƐŽŝů͕ ŚǇĚƌŽůŽŐǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƉŽŐͲ ƌĂƉŚǇ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĨĂƌŵͲ ůĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘ dŚĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚǁŽ ŵĂŝŶ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͘ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ϭ͗ ƐƐŝƐƚ ŚŝŐŚůǇͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ h'/ ďǇ ;ĂͿ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƐŵĂůů

ďŝŽƚŽƉĞƐ ĂŶĚ ůŝŶĞĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƐŽ ĂƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ;ďͿ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ŵĂƌŬĞƚͲŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďĞƌƌǇͲƉŝĐŬŝŶŐ ĮĞůĚƐ Žƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ǀĞŐĞƚĂďůĞ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐͿ͘ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ Ϯ͗ ƐƐŝƐƚ ůĞƐƐͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ h'/ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ůŽǁͲŝŶƚĞŶƐŝƚǇ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐŽ ĂƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŚĞůƉ ĞǆƉĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ ůƵĞ WůĂŶ ;ֻ Žǆ ϰ DĂůŵƂͿ ƚŽ ĂŐƌŝͲ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ůĂŶĚ͘ tŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ Malmö is unique, the assessment ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŵŝŐŚƚ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐŝƟĞƐ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ƉĞƌŝͲ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ h'/ networks.

DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ ĞĂƐƚĞƌŶ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŝƐ ŚĞƚĞƌŽŐĞŶĞŽƵƐ͕ ŚŝůůǇ ĂŶĚ ĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ƐĞŵŝͲŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŐƌĂƐƐůĂŶĚ͘ /ƚ ŚĂƐ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ǀĂůƵĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ŽīĞƌƐ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ >ĞƐƐͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů͕ ůŽǁͲŝŶƚĞŶƐŝƚǇ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŐƌĂǌŝŶŐ ƐŚĞĞƉ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ tĞƌŶĞƌ ZŽůĨ͘

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DEVELOPING PLANS ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ůĂƌŐĞ ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ h'/͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶƐ Žƌ ƚŚĞŵĂƟĐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŽŶ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ƵƌďĂŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ Žƌ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ Žƌ ĐŝƚǇͲ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ůĞǀĞů ŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽůĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŝƐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ͘ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ Strategic UGI plans should be long ǡ ϐ updated regularly in order to provide an accurate and useful framework ȋֻ ͵ ʹ Milan). Often multiple instruments are needed, including at different spatial scales, and these need to be coordinated with one another. Therefore, it is important that UGI plans are embedded in the city’s planning system and linked to other planning ȋֻ Ͷ ÚȌǤ Berlin’s Urban Landscape Strategy is a good example of a strategic plan coordinated with other planning

KEY MESSAGES 'Ğƚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ͘ ĞǀĞůŽƉ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ďƵƚ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝǆ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ ŐŽĂůƐ͕ ĂůƐŽ Ăƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĐĂůĞƐ͘ mechanisms, as well as instruments such as pilot projects and dialogue forums, within a framework to involve non-government actors to ǯ

ȋֻ ͸ Berlin).

WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ In the face of the uncertainties that current urban challenges create, especially climate change, the key requirement for planning is to adopt ‘no-regret’ or ‘low-regret’ strategies over ‘hard’ adaptation (e.g., early warning systems, insurance, dykes). No/low-regret strategies are designed to increase robustness at low costs, or

ϐ ȋֻ ǡ ֻ ǡ also Box E1 Malmö).

>ĞŐŝƐůĂƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐ Legal requirements and political mandates are often a powerful driver for a UGI strategy, since they constitute a commitment on a higher legal or political level. However, even without ϐ ǡ Ǧ such as local politicians can sometimes secure enough political support to ȋֻ ͳ Szeged), while NGOs can use evidence ϐ ȋֻ ʹ ȌǤ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͛Ɛ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂŶǇ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϰͿ͘ Credit: City of Edinburgh Council

Ky ϯ͗ E /', KhZ,KK 'Z E W> E^͕ hdZ ,d ŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ǁŚŽ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŵŽďŝůŝƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŝŶ ƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ͘ KŌĞŶ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ Ăƚ Ă ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌͲ ŚŽŽĚ ůĞǀĞů͕ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ƚŚĞǇ ůŝǀĞ ŝŶ ŝƐ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ͕ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŚŽůĞ ĐŝƚǇ͘ /Ŷ hƚƌĞĐŚƚ͕ dŚĞ EĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐ͕ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ Green Plans have proved to be a ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ŝĚĞĂƐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ

ĐŝƚǇ͘ &Žƌ ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƚĞŶ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚƐ͕ Ă ďƵĚŐĞƚ ŽĨ ΦϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŵĂĚĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĂůŝƐĞ ͚ŐƌĞĞŶ͛ ŝĚĞĂƐ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ ďǇ ůŽĐĂůƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝĚĞĂƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ĨĞĂƐŝďůĞ ďƵŶĚůĞĚ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ĨŽƌŵ Ă 'ƌĞĞŶ WůĂŶ͘ ŌĞƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝͲ ƉĂůŝƚǇ ƉůĂŶƐ ƚŽ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ŝŶ ƐĞůĨͲŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ͘

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C Ky ϰ͗ D >DP͛^ 'Z Eͳ >h W> E dŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ͕ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĂƐƚͲ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ PƌĞƐƵŶĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͕ ŝƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝͲ ĞŶĐŝŶŐ ƌĂƉŝĚ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͘ ^ƉĂƟĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ͚ĐŽŵƉĂĐƚ ĐŝƚǇ͛ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ŵĞƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶŶĞƌ ĐŝƚǇ ĚĞŶƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ĞǆƉĂŶƐŝŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇƐŝĚĞ͘ dŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂŝŵƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ŝƚƐ ďůƵĞͲŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐͲ ƚƵƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŝƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐ Ă ͚'ƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ůƵĞ WůĂŶ͛ ƚŽ ƌĞƉůĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ 'ƌĞĞŶ WůĂŶ ;ϮϬϬϯͿ͘ hƐŝŶŐ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƚŽ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ďůƵĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ dŚĞ ŶĞǁ ƉůĂŶ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌͲ ƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ŚŝŐŚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŐƌĞĞŶͲďůƵĞ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ŽĨ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ dŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞͲ ŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ h'/͛Ɛ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ĂŵŽŶŐ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ƐƚĂī͕ ƉŽůŝƟĐŝĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟͲ ǌĞŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ ŝůůƵƐͲ ƚƌĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŚƵŵĂŶ ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ ďǇ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ƐĞĞ ŝŶƐĞƚ ďĞůŽǁͿ͘ DĂƉƐ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŝŶƚĞͲ

ŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ tĞďͲ'/^ ƉůĂƚͲ ĨŽƌŵ͕ ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐ ĞĂƐǇ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ͘ dĞĂŵŝŶŐ ƵƉ ĨŽƌ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ dŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ŝŶ Ă ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ǁĂǇ͕ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ƚŚĞŵĂƟĐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐĞƚ ƵƉ͕ ĐƌŽƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŶŝŶĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ƵŶŝƚƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ^ƚƌĞĞƚƐ ĂŶĚ WĂƌŬƐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ KĸĐĞ͕ ZĞĂů ƐƚĂƚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚͲ ment, as well as the Culture DepartͲ ment and Leisure Department). This ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ůŽĐĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ͘ ĚĚŝͲ ƟŽŶĂůůǇ͕ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ 'Z E ^hZ' ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐͿ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ŝĚĞĂƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞͲ ŐŝĞƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞĂŬŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ǁĂǇƐ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝŶƚĞƌͲ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ Ă ĐƵƫŶŐͲĞĚŐĞ ƉůĂŶ͘ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ dŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ ůƵĞ WůĂŶ ŝƐ ũƵƐƚ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ WůĂŶ ;ϮϬϭϰͿ͕ Ă ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵĂƟĐ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚĞ tĂƚĞƌ WůĂŶ ;ϮϬϭϲͿ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ

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Nature ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ WůĂŶ

ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ;ƚŚĞ D ^d ĂŶĚ ^d ƉůĂŶƐͿ͘ tŚŝůĞ ŶŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ůĞŐĂůůǇͲďŝŶĚŝŶŐ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ďǇ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬĞƌƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŚŝŐŚĞƐƚ ůĞǀĞů͘ &Žƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ ůƵĞ WůĂŶ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ůĂƚĞƌ ŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ͘

dŚĞ ƉůĂŶ͛Ɛ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ϭ͘ /Ŷ DĂůŵƂ͕ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ŚĂƐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚǇ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ůŝĨĞ Ϯ͘ /Ŷ DĂůŵƂ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ƋƵĂŶƟƚǇ͕ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ŚŝŐŚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ϯ͘ /Ŷ DĂůŵƂ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĂĚĂƉͲ ƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉƵƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ăŝƌ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ϰ͘ /Ŷ DĂůŵƂ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŝƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ůŽŶŐͲ ƚĞƌŵ ŝŶ Ă ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ǁĂǇ ϱ͘ /Ŷ DĂůŵƂ͕ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ Ăůů ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͕ ƉŽůŝƚͲ ŝĐĂů ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ ŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ WůĂŶ (English summary).

dŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ ůƵĞ WůĂŶ ŝƐ ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͘ Credit: City of Malmö

ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS ƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ďƵƐŝͲ ŶĞƐƐĞƐ͕ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͘ ĐƟǀĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ Ă ƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĐŽͲĐƌĞĂͲ ƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽͲŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽͲŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ;ֻ ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ Interdisciplinary cooperation between urban planners, green space planners, infrastructure planners and others is a critical aspect of UGI planning and an especially important success factor for green-grey integration approaches, where the complexity involved cannot be effectively addressed by a single ȋֻ ȌǤ Berlin, an informal planning strategy illustrating a vision through visually-

KEY MESSAGES ŽŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ͘ ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽͲŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ WĂƌƚŶĞƌͲƵƉ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĚ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů ǁĂǇƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ͘ engaging graphics and collages has promoted cooperation with other departments, because the plan content was presented in an unusual and easily ȋֻ ͸ ȌǤ where, there is evidence that collaboration between planners social workers ȋֻ ͸ ǡ ֻ ȌǤ Networking, forming partnerships between different departments and

sectors and integrating (external) experts early-on can also be especially helpful for developing UGI strategies at the city level. Effective local responses require knowledge of the context and potential paths forward as well as motivated actors to implement actions. ϐ tions can also play a role in providing the relevant knowledge and measures ȋֻ ͳ ǡ ʹ ǡ ͳ Szeged).

^ƚĂī ĨƌŽŵ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ h'/ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ ƉĞƌŝͲƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă 'Z E ^hZ' ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ͘ Credit: Anders Mårsén

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

C ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ Fostering co-governance arrangements can lead to new roles for local government, e.g., as a facilitator and supporter responsible for enabling frameworks and funding programmes, but also providing ongoing oversight and guidance to ensure that public spaces remain

safe and accessible. Such an approach requires a framework, ϐ implementation (see Deliverable D6.2). In Berlin, the Urban Landscape Strategy built upon an existing ‘DIY’-culture to engage citizens in ȋֻ ͸ ȌǤ Where such a culture does not already exist, an external facilitator

can be a reliable partner in fostering a new approach, engaging individuals in new roles. The extra efforts ϐ two-way learning processes, can lead to unexpected planning solutions and often unburden local authorities from the full scope of monitoring or instructing tasks ȋֻ ͷ ǡ ͷ ȌǤ

> ^^KE^ &KZ h'/ s >KWD Ed t/d, EKEͳ'Ks ZED Ed > dKZ^ ĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌŝŶŐ /zͲƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŽŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĸĐŝĂůƐ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ŽĨ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐŝƟĞƐ͘ ͻ ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƌƵůĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂƌ ŝŶ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞǀŝĞǁ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐĂůůǇ ƚŽ ďĂůĂŶĐĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞͬƵƐĞƌ ŶĞĞĚƐ͘ ͻ ŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŝŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂǀĞ ŐŽŽĚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ĐůŽƐĞ ƚŽ Ă ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ďĂƐĞ ŽĨ ƵƐĞƌƐ͘ ͻ ůƵƐƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ƵƐĞƐ ƐŽ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĂƌĞ ĂǁĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ͘ ͻ &ĂĐƚŽƌ ŝŶ Ă ůŽƚ ŽĨ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌƐŝŐŚƚ ŽĨ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘

Ky ϱ͗ hZ E Z &KZ ^d d/KE t/d, >K > Z ^/ Ed^͕ D/> E ŽƐĐŽŝŶĐŝƩă ;dŚĞ &ŽƌĞƐƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇͿ ŝƐ ĂŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ DŝůĂŶ͕ /ƚĂůǇ͕ ĐŽŶĐĞŝǀĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŐĂƟǀĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĨŽƐƚĞƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ͘ ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϭϵϳϰ ŽŶ ϯϱŚĂ ŽĨ ĂďĂŶͲ ĚŽŶĞĚ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ͕ ŽƐĐŽŝŶĐŝƩă ŚĂƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŐƌŽǁŶ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌ ϭϮϬŚĂ͘ dŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ŽīĞƌƐ ϭϱϬ ĂůůŽƚŵĞŶƚ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͕ ĂǀĂŝůͲ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ůŽĐĂů ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ƵƉŽŶ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ There are also bike and footpaths and ŚŽƌƐĞďĂĐŬ ƌŝĚŝŶŐ ƚƌĂŝůƐ͖ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͖ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞŶƚ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŚŝƌĞ͘ ,ŝŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐǇĐůŝŶŐ ƚŽƵƌƐ ƚĂŬĞ ƉůĂĐĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ĨŽƌ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘

dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝƐ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŶŽŶͲ ƉƌŽĮƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ /ƚĂůŝĂ EŽƐƚƌĂ ;KƵƌ /ƚĂůǇͿ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ͕ ŵĂŝŶͲ ƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ďƵƌĚĞŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ DŝůĂŶ ;ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽǁŶƐ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚͿ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĂďůĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĂŶĚ͕ /ƚ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵͲ ŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂů ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ƚŽ ŐƌŽǁ ĨŽŽĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĞĂĐŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ͘ dŚĞ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ƟĞƐ ;ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͕ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇͿ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ Ă ŶĞǁ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉĂƌŬƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ 'ŝƌĞƩĂ WĂƌŬͿ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ďĞůƚ ŽĨ DŝůĂŶ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

ĞĨŽƌĞ ;ƚŽƉͿ ĂŶĚ ĂŌĞƌ ;ďŽƩŽŵͿ͘ ƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇͲĚƌŝǀĞŶ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ Credit: Centro Forestazione Urbana archive

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ /ƚĂůŝĂ EŽƐƚƌĂ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ ;ŝŶ /ƚĂůŝĂŶͿ

C Ky ϲ͗ h'/ s >KWD Ed t/d, d, , >W K& ^K / > tKZ< Z^ /E Z>/E ^ŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϵϵ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƌƵŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌ ĐĂůůĞĚ ƚŚĞ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ͚^ŽĐŝĂů ŝƚǇ͛ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ZŝŐŚƚ ŶŽǁ͕ ϯϰ ĚĞƉƌŝǀĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĂƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŶĞŝŐŚͲ ďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĸĐĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƵƐƵĂůůǇ ĞŵƉůŽǇ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚǁŽ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƵƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŽĸĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ǁĞůůͲ informed about the problems of their ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽŵĞ ĂůƐŽ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƚǇƉĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŶĂƚƵƌĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ Žƌ ĐŽŶƚĞƐƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƐŵĂůů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚƐ͘ DŽƐƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ Ăŝŵ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƚ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ͘

ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ /ŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ ƐŚŽǁĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ĐĂŶ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ĚĞŶƐĞ ŝŶŶĞƌͲĐŝƚǇ ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ Žƌ ƐĞŵŝͲƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƐĐĂƌĐĞ͘ ZĞͲŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ĂŶ ŝŶŶĞƌ ĐŽƵƌƚǇĂƌĚ͕ Ă ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƋƵĂƌĞ Žƌ Ă ƉůĂǇŐƌŽƵŶĚ ŽīĞƌƐ Ă ĐŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ Ă ŶĞǁ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƉůĂĐĞ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌͲ ŚŽŽĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĸĐĞ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶͲ EĞƵŬƂůůŶ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ Ă ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĐĂůůĞĚ ͛,ŝĚĚĞŶ WůĂĐĞƐ ʹ ĞĂƵƟĨƵů ŽƵƌƚǇĂƌĚƐ͛ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ ďŽƚŚ ůĂŶĚůŽƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĞŶĂŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƌĞͲŐƌĞĞŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽƵƌƚǇĂƌĚƐ with the help of planners and some ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝͲ ƟĞƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ ůŽǁ ŝŶĐŽŵĞ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƚĞĚ͘

^ŽĐŝĂů ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ 'Z E ^hZ' ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ Ɛŝǆ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĸĐĞƐ ŝŶ

dŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ŝŶ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵŝŶŐ ŽďƐƚĂĐůĞƐ KďǀŝŽƵƐůǇ͕ Ă ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ůŝŬĞůǇ ƚŽ ĂƌŝƐĞ͗ ůĂŶĚůŽƌĚƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ

ĐŽŶǀŝŶĐĞĚ͕ ƚĞŶĂŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ůĞƐƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ďŽƩŽŵͲƵƉ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌͲ ŚŽŽĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƚŚĂŶ ŽǁŶĞƌƐ͕ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ĐŽƵŶĐŝůƐ ŽŌĞŶ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ͚ŵŝĚĚůĞͲĐůĂƐƐ ŝĚĞĂƐ͛ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƉůĂŶͲ ŶŝŶŐ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ƚŽŽ ďƵƌĞĂƵĐƌĂƟĐ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ ŝŶŶŽǀĂͲ ƟǀĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ƉůĂǇ Ă ŬĞǇ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŶŐ ƐƵĐŚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŚĞǇ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ŵĂũŽƌ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ĞƐƚĂďͲ ůŝƐŚĞĚ ůŝŶŬƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĚĞŵŽͲ ŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ĐƌƵĐŝĂů ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ƚĞƌŵ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ ƐƚƵĚŝĞĚ ŚĞƌĞ ƌĞǀĞĂů ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŵĂůů͕ ƵƉͲƐĐĂůĂďůĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ ĂĐƟͲ ǀĂƟŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ,ŝĚĚĞŶ WůĂĐĞƐ Ͳ ĞĂƵƟĨƵů ŽƵƌƚǇĂƌĚƐ͘ sŝĚĞŽ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ (in German).

KƩŽ WĂƌŬ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀĞƌǇ ĚĞŶƐĞ DŽĂďŝƚͲtĞƐƚ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂƌĞĂ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ /ǀĄŶ dŽƐŝĐƐ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

IMPLEMENTATION dÄ&#x201A;ĹŹÄ&#x17E; Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ć&#x161;Ĺ?Ĺ˝Ĺś Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; ĹľĹ˝ĹśĹ?Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝Ć&#x152; Ĺ?ĹľĆ&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ć&#x161;Ć? DÄ&#x201A;ĹŹĹ?ĹśĹ? Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; ĹŻÄ&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x2030; Ä¨Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝Ĺľ Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152; Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x201A;Ä?Í˛ Ć&#x;Ä?Ä&#x17E; Ĺ?Ć? Ä&#x201A; Ä?Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x201A;ĹŻĹŻÄ&#x17E;ĹśĹ?Ä&#x17E; Ä¨Ĺ˝Ć&#x152; Ä&#x201A;ĹśÇ&#x2021; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝ĹŻĹ?Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ĺ˝Ć&#x152; Ć&#x2030;ĹŻÄ&#x201A;ĹśÍ&#x2DC; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x201A;ĹśĹ?Ä&#x17E; Ĺ˝Ä¨ Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝Ĺ˝ĹŻĆ? Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E; Ä&#x201A;Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x201A;Ĺ?ĹŻÄ&#x201A;Ä?ĹŻÄ&#x17E; Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;ĹŻĆ&#x2030; Ĺ?ĹľĆ&#x2030;ĹŻÄ&#x17E;ĹľÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x161; h'/ Ć&#x2030;ĹŻÄ&#x201A;ĹśĹśĹ?ĹśĹ? ÍžÄ&#x17E;Í&#x2DC;Ĺ?Í&#x2DC;Í&#x2022; ÖťdĹ˝Ĺ˝ĹŻÄ?Ĺ˝Ç&#x2020; dĎł Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ĺ?ĹśÄ?Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;Ć?Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x;Ä?Ĺ?Ć&#x2030;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśÍżÍ&#x2022; Ä?ĆľĆ&#x161; Ä&#x201A; ĹŹÄ&#x17E;Ç&#x2021; Ć&#x2039;ĆľÄ&#x17E;Ć?Ć&#x;Ĺ˝Ĺś Ĺ?Ć? ĆľĆ?ĆľÄ&#x201A;ĹŻĹŻÇ&#x2021; Ĺ&#x161;Ĺ˝Ç Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x161; Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x152;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć?Í&#x2DC; Collaboration and sharing knowledge can be an effective way to better deal with resource constraints. This includes, in particular, collaboration at the expert level and pooling knowledge from various partners Č&#x2039;Öť Â?Â&#x2030;Â&#x192;Â&#x2030;Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030; Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013;Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x2021;Â&#x160;Â&#x2018;Â&#x17D;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2021;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2022;Č&#x152;Ç¤ Â? Â&#x192;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2018;Â?ÇĄ the involvement of citizens can help planning to better correspond to local needs and to target investments more Â&#x2021;Â&#x2C6;Ď?Â&#x2039;Â&#x2026;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2013;Â&#x17D;Â&#x203A; Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x2022;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030;

Â?Â&#x2021;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2122;Â&#x2018;Â&#x201D;Â?Â&#x2022;Č&#x152;Ç¤

>Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;ĹśĹ?ĹśĹ? Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ä&#x161;Ĺ˝Ĺ?ĹśĹ? Pilot projects have been shown to be an effective means of testing new approaches. They can encourage similar initiatives and convince decision-makers that an idea is worth pursuing. A pilot project focusing on a key issue or objective of broad relevance can help to gain interest and support across different departÂ?Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2013;Â&#x2022; Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x2018;Â&#x161; Íł Â&#x192;Â&#x17D;Â?Ă&#x161;Č&#x152;Ç¤ Â&#x2021;Â&#x192;Â&#x201D;Â?Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030; from these examples can also help to Â&#x192;Â&#x2020;Â&#x152;Â&#x2014;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013; Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x2020; Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Ď?Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2021; Â&#x192; Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;Â&#x192;Â?Â?Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030; Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013;Â&#x201D;Â&#x192;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2030;Â&#x203A; before it is expanded to other areas.

KEY MESSAGES Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E; Ä&#x201A; Ä¨Ć&#x152;Ä&#x201A;ĹľÄ&#x17E;Ç Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;ĹŹ Ä¨Ĺ˝Ć&#x152; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ĺ?ĆľĹŻÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x152; ĹľĹ˝ĹśĹ?Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ĺ?ĹśĹ? Ĺ˝Ä¨ h'/ Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x152;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć?Í&#x2DC; ^Ć&#x161;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161; Ç Ĺ?Ć&#x161;Ĺ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ?ĹŻĹ˝Ć&#x161; Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x152;Ĺ˝ĹŠÄ&#x17E;Ä?Ć&#x161;Ć? Ĺ?Ĺś Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ä&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152; Ć&#x161;Ĺ˝ Ä&#x201A;Ä&#x161;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x2030;Ć&#x161; Ć?Ć&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ĺ?Ĺ?Ä&#x17E;Ć? Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ä?ĆľĹ?ĹŻÄ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;ĆľÄ?ĹŻĹ?Ä? Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝ĹŻĹ?Ć&#x;Ä?Ä&#x201A;ĹŻ Ć?ĆľĆ&#x2030;Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161;Í&#x2DC; hĹśĹŻĹ˝Ä?ĹŹ Ä&#x201A;Ä&#x161;Ä&#x161;Ĺ?Ć&#x;Ĺ˝ĹśÄ&#x201A;ĹŻ Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x152;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć? Ä?Ç&#x2021; Ä?Ĺ˝ĹŻĹŻÄ&#x201A;Ä?Ĺ˝Ć&#x152;Ä&#x201A;Ć&#x;ĹśĹ?Í&#x2022; Ć&#x2030;Ĺ˝Ĺ˝ĹŻĹ?ĹśĹ? ĹŹĹśĹ˝Ç ĹŻÄ&#x17E;Ä&#x161;Ĺ?Ä&#x17E; Ä&#x201A;ĹśÄ&#x161; Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ć?Ĺ?ĹśĹ? Ä&#x17E;Ç&#x2020;Ć&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹśÄ&#x201A;ĹŻ Ä¨ĆľĹśÄ&#x161;Ĺ?ĹśĹ?Í&#x2DC; hĹśĹŻĹ˝Ä?ĹŹ Ä&#x201A;ĹŻĆ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĹśÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x;Ç&#x20AC;Ä&#x17E; Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ć?Ĺ˝ĆľĆ&#x152;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć? GREEN SURGE research found external funding to be a major factor for supporting UGI (see Deliverable 5.1). Access to European and national funding programmes is very important for implementing innovative strategies on larger scales and testing new approaches that require time and (human) resources. However, funds from developers or other private actors can also support implementation Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x2018;Â&#x161; Íľ Â&#x2021;Â&#x201D;Â&#x17D;Â&#x2039;Â?ÇĄ Íš Â&#x2018;Â&#x2020;Â&#x153;Č&#x152;ÇĄ Â&#x2019;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2018;Â&#x2DC;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2020;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2020; there is a framework to ensure that Â&#x2019;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2DC;Â&#x192;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2021; Â&#x2019;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2018;Ď?Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013; Â&#x2039;Â&#x2022; Â?Â&#x2018;Â&#x2013; Â&#x2019;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2018;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2020; Â&#x2018;Â&#x2DC;Â&#x2021;Â&#x201D; Â&#x2013;Â&#x160;Â&#x2021; Â&#x2019;Â&#x2014;Â&#x201E;Â&#x17D;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2026; Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2013;Â&#x2021;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013;ÇĄ Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x2020; Â&#x201E;Â&#x2021;Â?Â&#x2021;Ď?Â&#x2039;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2022; Â&#x2020;Â&#x2039;Â&#x2022;Â&#x2013;Â&#x201D;Â&#x2039;Â&#x201E;Â&#x2014;Â&#x2013;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2020; Â&#x2021;Â&#x201C;Â&#x2014;Â&#x192;Â&#x17D;Â&#x17D;Â&#x203A; Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x201D;Â&#x2021;Â&#x2021;Â? Â&#x2026;Â&#x2018;Â?Â&#x2018;Â?Â&#x203A;Č&#x152;Ç¤ Â?Â&#x2019;Â&#x2018;Â&#x201D;tantly, resources are not only monetary! Volunteerism and citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; knowledge count among the resources that local governments can harness to get Â&#x2013;Â&#x160;Â&#x2039;Â?Â&#x2030;Â&#x2022; Â&#x2020;Â&#x2018;Â?Â&#x2021; Č&#x2039;Öť Â&#x2018;Â&#x161; Íş Â&#x152;Â&#x2014;Â&#x201E;Â&#x17D;Â&#x152;Â&#x192;Â?Â&#x192;Č&#x152;Ç¤

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URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

C Ky ϴ͗ d ^d/E' E t hZ E 'Z E W ZdE Z^,/W^͕ >:h >: E dŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ͕ ^ůŽǀĞŶŝĂ͕ ŝƐ ĂŝŵŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĮŶĚ ŶĞǁ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĂŶĚ͕ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƟŵĞ͕ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ă ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůůǇ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŵŽĚĞů ĨŽƌ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ĂǀŽŝĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĞǆƉĞŶĚŝƚƵƌĞ ŽŶ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͘ /Ŷ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŐŽĂůƐ͕ Ă 'Z E ^hZ' >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ůůŝĂŶĐĞ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ͕ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ͕ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶǀĞƐͲ ƟŐĂƚĞĚ ŶĞǁ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ǁŝƚŚ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ E'KƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ >ũƵďůũĂͲ ŶĂ͛Ɛ ŶĞǁ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ hƌďĂŶ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ϮϬϭϰͲϮϬϮϬ͗ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƚŽ ͚ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ǁŝƚŚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͛ ŝƐ ŶŽǁ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘ ,Žǁ ƚŽ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ The partnership also resulted in a ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ͚>ŝǀĂĚĂ> ͕͛ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ ĂŶ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ

EŽŶͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĮŶĂŶĐŝŶŐ A wide range of instruments and approaches can be used to secure ϐ Ǧ state actors. These include: ͻ dĂǆĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ

ͻ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ;ֻ Žǆ ϳ >ŽĚǌͿ ͻ /ŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ͻ ŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĞŶƚƌĞƉƌĞŶĞƵƌƐŚŝƉ

ֻ ͺ funding mechanisms, as does

ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŵŽĚĞů ŽŶ Ă Ϭ͘ϲŚĂ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĸͲ ĐŝĂůƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ͕ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ǁĂƐ Ă ŬĞǇ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞůǇ ŵĂƉƉĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ͘ ͞dŚŝƐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ Ă ǀĞƌǇ ŐŽŽĚ ůŽĐĂů E'K ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ͕ ĂǀŽĚ K ͕ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƵƐ͟ ƐŚĞ ƐĂǇƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ E'K ĚƌŽǀĞ Ă ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ŚŝŐŚ ƐĐŚŽŽů ĚƌŽƉͲ ŽƵƚƐ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ƵŶĚĞƌͲ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ WƵƫŶŐ ŝĚĞĂƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ʹ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚĞĂŵͲďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĚ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ƐŝƚĞ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͛Ɛ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕ ŚŽǁ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ďĞƐƚ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚ͕ Ă ůĂƌŐĞůǇ ƵŶƵƐĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ǁĂƐ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ŽŶĞ ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͖ ĨƌŽŵ

Deliverable 4.1. DŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ Monitoring is essential to ensure that UGI is not only maintained in a good state but ideally regularly improved. It is also a mechanism to check if targets are being met or strategies need to be adjusted. For instance, a UGI strategy for climate change adaptation may involve targets to protect and increase tree cover, in order to moderate the urban heat island effect, reduce stormwater runoff, sequester carbon, and reduce cooling energy demands. Regular tree audits could help to determine if stronger

ůŽĐĂů ĨŽŽĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĂƌĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŚĂƐ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŶƚƌŽͲ ĚƵĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ŵŽĚĞů ĨŽƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

KƉĞŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ >ŝǀĂĚĂ> ǁŝƚŚ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ DĂǇŽƌ ŽĨ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ͕ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ h 'ƌĞĞŶ tĞĞŬ ϮϬϭϲ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ŶũĂ DĂŶũĂ ^ĞŐƵůŝŶ

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ hƌďĂŶ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ϮϬϭϰͲϮϬϮϬ (in Slovenian)

protections for existing trees in certain types of development are necessary, or more incentives to encourage tree planting. Monitoring is often undervalued and underfunded in many cities. However, there are cases of municipalities successfully partnering with university researchers to monitor

ϐ ȋֻ ͷ Lisbon). Monitoring goes hand-inhand with a commitment to regu Ǣ goals and strategies remain in line with the reality on the ground ȋֻ ͵ ǡ Ͷ ȌǤ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ZĞĨůĞĐƚŝŶŐ ŽŶ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ ZĂƉŝĚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ĞƚĂŝůĞĚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ

CONCLUSION dŚŝƐ ŐƵŝĚĞ ŚĂƐ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ʹ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ŝƚ ďĞ ƚŽ ŬŝĐŬƐƚĂƌƚ Ă ŶĞǁ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ͕ Žƌ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͘ hůƟŵĂƚĞůǇ͕ ŝƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ŐĞƫŶŐ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƵƌŽƉĞ͘ DŽƌĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ƚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ĂƌĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ֻdŽŽůďŽǆ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ͘ WƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂů h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Before developing a UGI planning strategy, ϐ Ǥ priorities are often driven by widelyrecognised urban challenges. Hence, these challenges may present windows of opportunity for UGI planning to play a greater role in urban development and decision-making overall. In this guide, four key urban challenges have been examined for their relevance to UGI planning: climate change adaptation, biodiversity protection, promoting a green economy and increasing social cohesion. While these are growing in importance, they are not the only ones that cities face. You may identify others that are more pressing for your local community – a declining manufacturing sector, for instance, or rising public healthcare costs.

D ƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ʹ Ă ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ The underlying principles and practical guidance offered here need to be understood as part of a holistic approach – one that will need to be adapted to suit your local context: the planning system, social, economic and environmental conditions, as well as the available actors. In addition, successfully planning UGI requires a strategic approach. Once clear priorities and objectives are established, the linkages, ϐ these should be taken into account. Importantly, the four UGI principles are fundamentally inter-linked. For instance, improving connectivity within a green network can increase the provision of ecosystem services, which in turn enhances multifunctionality. Solutions for green-grey integration likewise provide ϐ Ǧ tionality of conventional solutions for transport routes and stormwater disposal. In parallel to these three principles, it is essential to involve different groups in UGI planning in order to ensure equitable recognition of their needs and distribution ϐ Ȃ ǡ rate the principle of social inclusion.

dŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƐƐĞŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ZƵŚƌ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĂƉŝƚĂů ŝŶ ϮϬϭϳ͘ /ƚ ŚĂƐ ďƵŝůƚ ƵƉ Ă ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŚŝŐŚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ƉĂƌŬƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ <ƌƵƉƉ WĂƌŬ͘ Credit: Johannes Kassenberg

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

REFLECTING ON UGI PLANNING IN YOUR CITY dŽ ŚĞůƉ ǇŽƵ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ ǇŽƵƌ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶͲ ƟĨǇ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƐƚĞƉƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚǁŽ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚƐ ʹ ŽŶĞ ƌĂƉŝĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽŶĞ ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ;ƐĞĞ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞǇ ǁŽƌŬͿ͘ Both checklists are tailored to strategic planning at the city-level (such as green space plans or open space plans), but they might also provide insights for regional planning or ǡ Ǧ ϐ Ǥ is to identify the potential to advance or update existing practices, plans and policies by adopting the UGI planning approach (e.g., Are there ϐ ǫ

ĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ Rapid checklist

Urban challenges

UGI principles

DĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶ͊

ǫ ǫȌǤ The suggested measures listed in the detailed checklist are the result of research conducted throughout GREEN SURGE, including a litera ϐ lenges and core UGI planning principles, as well as experiences from cities across Europe that have been studied in-depth (see Deliverable 5.2). The listed measures include planning objectives and actions that could be included in a strategic Ǣ ǡ ϐ ments, and participatory engagement policies that require broader action. This is neither an exhaustive

ϭ͘ ǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ŐĂƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͖ Ϯ͘ WůĂŶƐ͕ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ƐƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉͲ ŵĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ Both evaluations begin with the one-page rapid checklist.

tŚĂƚ ĨŽƌ͍

tŚŽ͍

dŽ ƚƌŝŐŐĞƌ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ Žƌ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ of interest for the ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ͘

&Žƌ ĐŽŵƉůĞƟŶŐ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ͕ ǇŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚĞĂŵ ƐŚŽƵůĚ be involved (at a minimum). ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ relevant departments would ŝĚĞĂůůǇ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ǇŽƵ ĞǀĞŶ ŵĂǇ ǁŝƐŚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ŝŶǀŝƟŶŐ ŬĞǇ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘

list, nor one that will necessarily suit every situation. For each measure, consider its relevance and adequacy for the given context in your city. Either evaluation can be undertaken for:

To undertake a more ƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ͕ ŐŽŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ŵŽƌĞ ĚĞƚĂŝů ŽŶ ĞĂĐŚ ŵĂŝŶ ƚŚĞŵĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƵŝĚĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͘

,Žǁ͍ ŝƚŚĞƌ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ƐŝŵƉůĞ ĨĂĐĞͲƚŽͲĨĂĐĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŐƵŝĚĞ ĂŶ ĞǆƚĞŶĚĞĚ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ (with or without an external ŵŽĚĞƌĂƚŽƌͿ͘ /ĚĞĂůůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ƌĞƐƵůƚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ĨŽůůŽǁ ƵƉ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

RAPID UGI PLANNING CHECKLIST 5 dŝĐŬ ƚŚŝƐ ďŽǆ ŝĨ ĂŶ ŝƚĞŵ ŚĂƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶ 7

ƌŽƐƐ ƚŚŝƐ ďŽǆ ŝĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ

ƌŽƐƐͲůŝŶŬ ƚŽ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ;ŝĨ ĂŶ ĂƌĞĂ ŝƐ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇͿ

,/Ed͗ &Žƌ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝƚĞŵƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐƌŽƐƐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚͲŚĂŶĚ ďŽǆ͕ ǇŽƵ ŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ŐŽŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƌƌĞͲ ƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ƚŽ ƌĞǀŝĞǁ this area in more depth.

URBAN CHALLENGES UGI planning can help to tackle important urban challenges, such as climate change ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘

5 7

ŽĞƐ ǇŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶ ;ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ Žƌ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚͿ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ͘͘͘ ͙ ĂĚĂƉƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĂĚǀĞƌƐĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ ďǇ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ Žƌ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐĞŝǌŝŶŐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂǇ ĂƌŝƐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ůŽǁͲͬŶŽͲƌĞŐƌĞƚ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐͿ͍ >/D d , E'

'Ž ƚŽ ͘ϭ

͙ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ůŽĐĂů ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ŽīĞƌ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐͲƌŝĐŚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͍ 'Ž ƚŽ ͘Ϯ

/K /s Z^/dz

'Z E KEKDz

͙ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĞƋƵŝƚǇ ǁŚŝůĞ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƌŝƐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƉůĞƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͍ dŚŝƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ͙ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĞƋƵĂů ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͍

^K / > K, ^/KE

'Ž ƚŽ ͘ϯ

'Ž ƚŽ ͘ϰ

/Ŷ ǇŽƵƌ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƉƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͍ WůĞĂƐĞ ŵĂŬĞ Ă ŶŽƚĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĞǇ ŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞ ƚĂĐŬůĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘ ͍͍͍

UGI PLANNING PRINCIPLES UGI planning is an approach based on the core principles of green-grey ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘

5 7

ŽĞƐ ǇŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶ ;ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ Žƌ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚͿ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ͘͘͘ …ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ͚ŐƌĞǇ͛ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ƌŽĂĚƐ͕ ĐĂŶĂůƐ͕ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶͲŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŵŽƌĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŚĂŶ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͍

'Ž ƚŽ ͘ϭ

/Ed 'Z d/KE

…ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ ďǇ ďŝŬĞ ĂŶĚ ŽŶ ĨŽŽƚ͕ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ǀĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝĚĞĂůůǇ ďǇ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŐŽĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ͕ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂďŝŽƟĐ ŇŽǁƐ͍ KEE d/s/dz

͙ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂĚĞͲŽīƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞŵ͍ Dh>d/&hE d/KE >/dz

͙ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ Ăůů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͍ ^K / > /E >h^/KE URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

'Ž ƚŽ ͘Ϯ

'Ž ƚŽ ͘ϯ

'Ž ƚŽ ͘ϰ

DETAILED UGI PLANNING CHECKLIST 5 dŝĐŬ ƚŚŝƐ ďŽǆ ŝĨ ĂŶ ŝƚĞŵ ŚĂƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶ 7 ƌŽƐƐ ƚŚŝƐ ďŽǆ ŝĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ Ê

ƌŽƐƐͲůŝŶŬ ƚŽ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ;ŝĨ ĂŶ ĂƌĞĂ ŝƐ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇͿ

,/Ed͗ hƐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞǆƚ ƚŽ ĞĂĐŚ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŶŽƚĞ ĚŽǁŶ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ͕ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝĚĞĂƐ͕ Žƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƐƚĞƉƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ tŚĞŶ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ǁŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ĨŽƌ ǇŽƵƌ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ ŵĂŬĞ ƐƵƌĞ ǇŽƵ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ŽĨ ƚǇƉĞƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ;ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞͿ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂŬĞ ƵƉ h'/ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ͕ ƐĐŚŽŽůŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ͕ ƌĂŝůƌŽĂĚ ĞŵďĂŶŬŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ǁĂůůƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ ĂŶĚ ĂďĂŶĚŽŶĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ʹ ƐĞĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ WĂƌƚ ͗ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ dǇƉŽůŽŐǇͿ͘

5 7

A URBAN CHALLENGES A1

EŽƚĞƐ ;ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ

ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

A1.1 ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ Žƌ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ŝŶ ŇŽŽĚͲ ƉƌŽŶĞ͕ ĚĞŶƐĞůǇ ďƵŝůƚ Žƌ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůůǇ ĚŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐͿ͘ A1.2 ZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ŚĞĂƚ ŝƐůĂŶĚ ĞīĞĐƚ ŝŶ ĚĞŶƐĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ Žƌ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀŝƐŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĞĞƚ ƚƌĞĞƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ǁĂůůƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ͕ ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐͿ͘ A1.3 W ƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ƌĞĨƵŐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ŚŝŐŚ ĚĞŶƐŝƚǇ ĂƌĞĂƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ƐŚĂĚĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐͿ A1.4 D ĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶƐ͕ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽĂƐƚĂů ůĂŶĚĨŽƌŵƐ ϭ͘ϱ ĞĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ŝŵƉĞƌǀŝŽƵƐ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀŝƐŝŶŐ ƉĞƌǀŝŽƵƐ Žƌ ƐĞŵŝͲƉĞƌǀŝŽƵƐ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƐͿ͘ A1.6 ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ Ă ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĐŽŵƉŽƐĞĚ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ;ǁŝƚŚ ƉƌĞĨͲ ĞƌĞŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ ŚĞĂƚͲƚŽůĞƌĂŶƚ ǀĂƌŝĞƟĞƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ĨŽƌ ƐƚƌĞĞƚ ƚƌĞĞƐͿ͘

ϭ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ϭ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͕ ϯ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ

ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

A2.1 WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ŶĂƟǀĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽƚŽƉĞƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůǇ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ ǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůůŝŶŐ ŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ A2.2 ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ Ă ǁĞůůͲĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ͕ ĐŝƚǇǁŝĚĞ ĂŶĚ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ďŝŽƚŽƉĞͬŚĂďŝƚĂƚ network. A2.3 ƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ůŽǁ ŝŶƚĞŶƐŝƚǇ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĐĂŶ ͚ƌƵŶ ǁŝůĚ͛ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ĐĂŶ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ƐƉŽŶƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůǇ͕ Žƌ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƐŝƚĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďƌŽǁŶĮĞůĚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŚŝŐŚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐͿ͘ A2.4 WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂů ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƉĂƌŬƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞĞƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďǇ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ŶĂƟǀĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ƉŽůůŝŶĂƟŽŶͲĨƌŝĞŶĚůǇ ƉůĂŶƚƐͿ͘ Ϯ͘ϱ WƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ƚŽ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐͲ ĂŶĚ ŚŽŵĞŽǁŶĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ ;ĨŽƌ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƐĞĞ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƉŽŝŶƚͿ͘ A2.6 ĚƵĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ŝƚ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘

Ϯ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ϯ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͕ Ϯ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

A URBAN CHALLENGES A3

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EŽƚĞƐ ;ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ

WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

A3.1 ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ and ĂǀŽŝĚĞĚ ĐŽƐƚƐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ĂƐƚŚŵĂ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŝƌĂƚŽƌǇ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ ƌĂƚĞƐ͕ ĂǀŽŝĚĞĚ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĞǀĞŶƚƐͿ͘ A3.2 ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŝŶ ĮŶĂŶĐŝŶŐ h'/ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ƉƵďůŝĐͲƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƉĂƌƚͲ ŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƚĂǆĞƐ͕ ƵƐĞƌͲƉĂǇƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ͕ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐͿ͘ A3.3 ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ and ŵĂŝŶƚĞͲ ŶĂŶĐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƟŵĞ ďĂŶŬƐ͕ ƌĞǁĂƌĚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ͕ ŶŽŶͲƉƌŽĮƚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌŝŶŐͿ͘ A3.4 W ƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĂƐƐĞƚ ŝŶ ĐŝƚǇ ŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘

ϰ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ϯ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ϰ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ

/ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

A4.1 ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ Žƌ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ĨŽƌ equitable ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ accessibility ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ƉĂƌŬƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ Ă ϭϱ ŵŝŶƵƚĞ ǁĂůŬ ŽĨ Ăůů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝŶŐ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƚ ůŝŶŬƐ ƚŽ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ƉĂƌŬƐͿ͘ A4.2 ŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ŽĨ ŶĞǁ ĂŶĚ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ůŝŐŚƟŶŐ͕ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͕ ĚĞƐŝŐŶͿ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ ŶĞǁ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĂƚ ůĞĂǀĞ ƌŽŽŵ ĨŽƌ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ƉůĂǇ ĂŶĚ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ͘ A4.3 WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ Žƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ĂƐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚ͘ A4.4 ^ƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ůŽĐĂů E'KƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

ϰ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ϯ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ϰ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ

KƚŚĞƌ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͗

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B UGI PRINCIPLES B1

EŽƚĞƐ ;ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

ϭ͘ϭ >ŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ to improve water ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ŽŶ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ Žƌ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝƐĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĂŝŶ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͕ ƐǁĂůĞƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ͕ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌŵĞĂďůĞ ƉĂǀĞŵĞŶƚ͖ ĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝƐĞĚ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ůŝŬĞ ďŝŽƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ďĂƐŝŶƐ͖ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽŽƉͲ ĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƚĞĚ ƌŝǀĞƌ ďƵīĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶͿ͘ ϭ͘Ϯ >ŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ to improve air ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͕ ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞ ŶŽŝƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƐĂĨĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ǁĂůŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŚŽƵƐĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂƉ ƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŝƐĞ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͖ ŝŶƐƚĂůůŝŶŐ ďŝŬĞ ƉĂƚŚƐ ŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐͿ͘ ϭ͘ϯ >ŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞŶĞƌŐǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐͲ ture ƚŽ ŵĂǆŝŵŝƐĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ǁĂůŬŝŶŐ͕ ďŝŬŝŶŐ͕ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂͲ ƟŽŶĂů ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďŝŬĞ ƉĂƚŚƐ ĂůŽŶŐ ƉŽǁĞƌůŝŶĞ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ŶĂƟǀĞ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶƐƚĂůůŝŶŐ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ƐŝŐŶĂŐĞͿ͘ ϭ͘ϰ >ŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ǁŝƚŚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ƚŽ ŵĂǆŝŵŝƐĞ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů͕ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ Žƌ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƵƌƚǇĂƌĚƐ Žƌ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐͿ͘

ϯ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͕ ϯ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ϰ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ

ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

Ϯ͘ϭ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ Ă ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ and ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůůǇͲůŝŶŬĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ͕ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ͕ ůŽĐĂů ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ďƵŝůƚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ Ϯ͘Ϯ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ Ă ǁĞůůͲĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ͕ ƐĂĨĞ bike and pedestrian ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ Įůů ŝŶ ŵŝƐƐŝŶŐ ƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ŬĞǇ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ ƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐ Ă ďŝŬĞ ŵĂƉͿ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ďŽƚŚ ůŽĐĂů ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŬĞǇ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŶŐ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƉĂƌŬ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ Ăƚ ŬĞǇ ƉĂƌŬƐͿ͘ Ϯ͘ϯ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ Ă ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ to support the ŵŽǀĞͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ Žƌ ďŽƩůĞŶĞĐŬƐͿ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŇŽƌĂ ĂŶĚ ĨĂƵŶĂ ĂƌĞ ǁĞůůͲĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƐŽƵŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŬĞǇ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ƐĞĞĚ ĚŝƐƉĞƌƐĂů͕ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ƉĂƩĞƌŶƐͿ͘ Ϯ͘ϰ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ͚ƉĞƌĨŽƌĂƚĞĚ͛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ĚŝƐƉĞƌƐĞĚ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶͿ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ǀĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ as well as ŇŽŽĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů in vulnerable areas.

Ϯ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ϭ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ϭ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

B UGI PRINCIPLES B3

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EŽƚĞƐ ;ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ

DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

ϯ͘ϭ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ the various ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů and ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚŽ ƉŽůŝĐǇͲŵĂŬĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ͘ ϯ͘Ϯ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ŶŽǁ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůŽŶŐ ƚĞƌŵ͘ ϯ͘ϯ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚ h'/͛Ɛ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŽŶ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂǇͿ͕ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƌĂƌĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ǁŝůĚĞƌŶĞƐƐͿ͕ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶ͕ ŇŽŽĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůͿ Žƌ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ͕ ĨƌĞƐŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ǁŽŽĚͿ͘ ϯ͘ϰ ƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ůĞǀĞů͕ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǀŝƐŝƚŽƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ Žƌ ƐƉĂƟĂů ƐĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƟŶŐ ƵƐĞƐͿ͘

ϯ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ Ϯ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ

^ŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

ϰ͘ϭ ĐƟǀĞůǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ and ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌƵŵƐ͕ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ͕ ĐŚĂƌƌĞƩĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ juries). ϰ͘Ϯ DŽďŝůŝƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǀŝĞǁƐ ŽĨ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŶŽƚ ƵƐƵĂůůǇ ĂĐƟǀĞ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĚŝƐĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞůĚĞƌůǇ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚŽůĞƐĐĞŶƚƐ͕ ŝŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐ͕ ůŽǁͲŝŶĐŽŵĞ ĂŶĚ ŚŽŵĞůĞƐƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞͿ ďǇ ĂƉƉůǇŝŶŐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ WŚŽƚŽͲ ǀŽŝĐĞͿ͘ ϰ͘ϯ ĞůĞŐĂƟŶŐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďǇ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ďƵĚŐĞƟŶŐ͕ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌ ŵĂŝŶƚĞͲ ŶĂŶĐĞ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ Žƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌŵƐ ŽĨ ĐŝǀŝĐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ h'/Ϳ͘

ϯ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ϰ ^ŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

C EMBEDDING UGI IN PLANNING

To successfully embed UGI in the planning process, a number of factors have ďĞĞŶ ƐŚŽǁŶ ƚŽ ďĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵĂƟĐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŵĞĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘

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EŽƚĞƐ ;ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ

ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůͲ ĞĚŐĞ ďĂƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ h'/ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ C1.1 ŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŽĨ Ăůů ƚǇƉĞƐ ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ ĂůƐŽ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƵƟůŝƐĞĚ ƐŝƚĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ďƌŽǁŶĮĞůĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝůͲ ǁĂǇƐͿ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ďĞƩĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĮĐŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ǇŽƵƌ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƋƵĂŶƟƚǇ͕ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͕ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͕ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉůǇ ŽĨ ďĞŶĞͲ ĮƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶ ĚĞŵĂŶĚͿ͘

C1.2 /ĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ Žƌ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ and the need for ŶĞǁ h'/ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞŵ͘ C1.3 hƐŝŶŐ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ŶŽƚ ũƵƐƚ h'/͛^ ŵŽŶĞƚĂƌǇ ǀĂůƵĞ͕ ďƵƚ ŝƚƐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ƚŽŽ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ͘ C1.4 &ƌĂŵŝŶŐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƚĂĐŬůĞĚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ǀƵůŶĞƌͲ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚͿ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĐŽƐƚͲƐĂǀŝŶŐƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďǇ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐ Ă ĐŽƐƚͲ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐͿ͘ ϭ͘ϱ /ůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ h'/ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŝŶ Ă ĨŽƌŵĂƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĂƐǇ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌͲ ƐƚĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ŶŽŶͲĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ ;ůŽĐĂů ƉŽůŝƟĐŝĂŶƐ͕ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ƉƵďůŝĐͿ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ƌĂŝƐĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ŐĂŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ.

ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂůůǇ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ h'/ ǁŝƚŚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

C2.1 ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ h'/ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉͲ ŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ ƚŽ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ƚŽ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͘ C2.2 ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ͚ŶŽͲƌĞŐƌĞƚ͛ or ͚ůŽǁͲƌĞŐƌĞƚ͛ (i.e., ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƌŽďƵƐƚŶĞƐƐ Ăƚ ůŽǁ ĐŽƐƚƐ Žƌ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƚĞ ĨŽƌ ĞǆƚƌĂ ĐŽƐƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĂĚĚĞĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐͿ͘ C2.3 'ĞƫŶŐ ƉůĂŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͗ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŐůŽďĂů Žƌ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƉŽůŝͲ ĐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐͿ͕ ďǇ ůŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ƚŽ ůŽĐĂůůǇ important ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞͿ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƉŽůŝƟĐŝĂŶƐ͕ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů E'KƐͿ͘ C2.4 ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ Ă ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ h'/ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ďǇ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ ŽĨ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĨŽƌŵĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂůͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞĂŬŶĞƐƐĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŵĞĐŚͲ ĂŶŝƐŵƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͕ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ƚŽ ĚĞŵŽŶͲ ƐƚƌĂƚĞ ŶĞǁ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͕ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŶŽŶͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞͲ ment). Ϯ͘ϱ >ŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ h'/ ƉůĂŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐͬƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ Ăƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ůĞǀĞůƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ůĞǀĞůƐͿ͕ ĂŝŵŝŶŐ Ăƚ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂŝĚ ŽĨ ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂů ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ Žƌ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ͕ ƐŝŵƵůͲ ƚĂŶĞŽƵƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶƐͿ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

C EMBEDDING UGI IN PLANNING C3

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EŽƚĞƐ ;ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂĐƟŽŶƐͿ

ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ h'/ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

C3.1 /ĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƐƚĂī ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ͕ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ͕ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ Đŝǀŝů ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇͿ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ǇĞƚ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ ŝŶ h'/ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĚŝŶŐ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ them ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ďǇ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͕ ďǇ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ ƌĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ͕ Žƌ ďǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚͿ͘ C3.2 ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ Žƌ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ h'/ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĮĞůĚƐ ŽĨ ĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂŝŵŝŶŐ Ăƚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ h'/ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐͿ͘ C3.3 ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͘ ďǇ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĐŽͲŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ďŽƩŽŵͲƵƉ ŝŶŝƟĂͲ ƟǀĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ the required ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŶŐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ Žƌ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŽŶ Ă ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŝŶŐ͕ ŵŽĚĞƌĂƟŶŐ Žƌ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐ ƌŽůĞ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƌŝŐŚƚƐͿ͘ C4

/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͗ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂͲ ƟŽŶ ŽĨ h'/ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŵĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗

C4.1 hƐŝŶŐ ƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ƚŽ ƚĞƐƚ ŶŽǀĞů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶͿ͘ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞ ƐƵĐŚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƌĞĮŶĞĚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ Ă ůĂƌŐĞƌ ƐĐĂůĞ͘ C4.2 ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ Žƌ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͕ ĨƵŶĚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ WƵďůŝĐͲWƌŝǀĂƚĞͲWĂƌƚŶĞƌͲ ƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐͿ͕ ũŽŝŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ Žƌ ŶŽŶͲĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂů ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ C4.3 DŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ h'/ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ ĂĚũƵƐƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŝĨ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ͘

t, d EKt͍ tĞ ŚŽƉĞ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŚĞĐŬůŝƐƚ ŚĂƐ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ǇŽƵ ƚŽ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ŽŶ ǇŽƵƌ ƉůĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ h'/ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ŝƚ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƐŽŵĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ /Ĩ ǇŽƵ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽŽ ŵĂŶǇ ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͕ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĂďŽƵƚ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĮǀĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƵƌŐĞŶƚ Žƌ ŵŽƐƚ ƉƌŽŵŝƐŝŶŐ ŽŶĞƐ͘ dŽ ŚĞůƉ ďƵŝůĚ Ă ĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚ h'/ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ ǁĞ ŝŶǀŝƚĞ ǇŽƵ ƚŽ ǀŝƐŝƚ ;Žƌ ƌĞǀŝƐŝƚͿ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ WƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ͛ 'ƵŝĚĞ͗ ͻ ŽƌĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞŵ ;ƐĞĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ WĂƌƚ Ϳ͖ ͻ 'ƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚǇƉĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ;ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůͿ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ ƚŽ Ă ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ;ƐĞĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ WĂƌƚ ͗ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ dǇƉŽůŽŐǇͿ͖ ͻ dŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ h'/ ;ƐĞĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ WĂƌƚ ͗ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ dŽŽůďŽǆĞƐͿ͖ ͻ WŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ ŚĞůƉĨƵů ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ǇŽƵƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ;ƐĞĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ WĂƌƚ ͗ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐͿ͖ ͻ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ǇŽƵ ŶĞĞĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ ŽďƚĂŝŶ ƚŚĞŵ ;ƐĞĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ WĂƌƚ ͗ /ŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ dŽŽůďŽǆ dϴͿ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ͖ ͻ ĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǇŽƵ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ;ƐĞĞ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ 'ƵŝĚĞ͕ ĂŶĚ Ăƚ WĂƌƚ Ϳ͘ URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

ZK^^ͳ hdd/E' ^ ^dh / ^ ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚŝŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŝůĂŶ͛Ɛ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů EĞƚǁŽƌŬ ZĞŶĞǁĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͛Ɛ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĐƚŝŽŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ h'/ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ /z

E Ky ϭ͗ /Ed 'Z d/KE &KZ ^dKZDt d Z D E ' D Ed͕ D >DP &ůŽŽĚŝŶŐ ŝƐ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ĨŽƌ DĂůŵƂ͕ ďĞŝŶŐ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ŇĂƚ ĐŝƚǇ͘ KƉĞŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŚĂƐ ƉůĂǇĞĚ Ă ŬĞǇ ƉĂƌƚ ŝŶ ŇŽŽĚ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶ ŽƉƟŶŐ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ͕ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƉŽŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽƐǁĂůĞƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞǁĞƌ ƉŝƉĞƐ ďĞůŽǁ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ͘ Strategy dŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ DĂůŵƂ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ƐŝŶŐůĞ͕ ƵŶŝĨŽƌŵ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ ďƵƚ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ŐƌŽǁŶ ŽǀĞƌ ƟŵĞ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞ ϭϵϴϬƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ͛Ɛ tĂƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ^ĞǁĂŐĞ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ WĂƌŬƐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ďĞŐĂŶ ƚŽ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ʹ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůǇ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƉŽŶĚƐ͘ dŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁĂƐ ďƵŝůƚ ŝŶ ϭϵϴϵ ŽŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƐƚĞƌŶ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ŶĞǁ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ impetus for the pond was that the ĂƌĞĂƐ ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƌƵŶŽī ĚŝĚ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĚŝƐƉŽƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉĞĂŬ ŇŽǁƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁůǇͲƐĞĂůĞĚ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŶ͕

ĂďŽƵƚ ϯϱ ƉŽŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ DŽƐƚ ǁĞƌĞ ďƵŝůƚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŶĞǁ ƌĞƐŝͲ ĚĞŶƟĂů͕ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů Žƌ ƌĞƚĂŝů ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ Žƌ ĨŽƌ roads. /Ŷ ϮϬϬϬ͕ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌŵĂůŝƐĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ƐƚĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶĞǁ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ ĂƌůǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂͲ ƟŽŶ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ĂŝŵĞĚ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ƐĞǁĞƌ ŽǀĞƌŇŽǁ͘ DŽƌĞ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌŝƐŬ ŽĨ ĚĂŵĂŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĐůŽƵĚďƵƌƐƚ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůŽƵĚďƵƌƐƚ WůĂŶ͕ ĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ďŽĂƌĚ ŝŶ 2017. The Plan stresses the need for ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞͲ ŐƌĂƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĐůŽƐĞ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ŝƐ Ă ƐƵďͲĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇͲ ǁŝĚĞ ŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ WůĂŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐĞƚƐ ŐŽĂůƐ ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ ƐƚŽƌŵͲ

ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŚĂƐ ŵŽƐƚůǇ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ŽŶ ůĂƌŐĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŶĞǁ ůŽĐĂů ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĐŝƚǇ departments and private developers. ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶŶĞƌƐ ŐĞƚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ Ăƚ ĂŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ƐƚĂŐĞ ŽĨ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ƚŽ ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĂďƐŽƌď ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ ƌĂŝŶĨĂůů͘ ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞŶ ŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ KĸĐĞ͕ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ WĂƌŬƐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ tĂƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ^ĞǁĂŐĞ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ͘ >ĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƉŽŶĚƐ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ WĂƌŬƐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĨƵŶĚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ tĂƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ^ĞǁĂŐĞ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ (ֻ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶͿ͘ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ &Žƌ ƚŚĞ DĂůŵƂ ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ǆŚŝďŝƟŽŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϭ͕ ĂŶ ĞŶƟƌĞůǇ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ǁĂƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĨŽƌ Ă ŶĞǁ ĚĞǀĞůͲ opment area (the Western Harbour) ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ; ƵŐƵƐƚĞŶďŽƌŐͿ͘ ŽƚŚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ďĞĐĂŵĞ ƚĞƐƚͲďĞĚƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ŚŽǁ ĂŶ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŵƉůĞͲ

ZĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƉŽŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƉĂƌŬ͕ ƵŐƵƐƚĞŶďŽƌŐ͕ DĂůŵƂ͘ Credit: Tim Delshammar

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>/D d , E'

ŵĞŶƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƚǁŽ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŬŝŶĚƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ͘ /Ŷ ƵŐƵƐƚĞŶͲ ďŽƌŐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ WĂƌŬƐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƉƵďůŝĐůǇͲŽǁŶĞĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ ƚŽ ƌĞďƵŝůĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƚĂůů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ͖ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ŚĂƌďŽƵƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů developers to build the open stormͲ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ ;ֻ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ stakeholders). ƚ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ǀĞƌǇ ĨĞǁ Swedish examples of open stormwater ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂĚ ďĞĞŶ ƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚůǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂďƌŝĐ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ƐĐĂůĞ ƵƉ ƚŚĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶ ŝƚ͕ Žƌ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞĂĐƚ͘ dŚĞ ƉŝůŽƚͲƉƌŽũĞĐƚͲďĂƐĞĚ͕ ƐƚĞƉͲďǇͲ ƐƚĞƉ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ĞŶĂďůĞĚ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐ ͚ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐͲďǇͲĚŽŝŶŐ͛ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ŚĂĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŽĚĂǇ ŵŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƌĞŵĂŝŶ ƵŶĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ ĂƐ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͕ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĂŶĐŝŶŐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ƵƉŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĚĞŵŽŶͲ ƐƚƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƌĞƐŝͲ ĚĞŶƟĂů ĂƌĞĂ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶͲ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚĞŶĚĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ŝŶ ŶĞǁ͕ ůĂƌŐĞͲƐĐĂůĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘

^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƐĞƌǀŽŝƌ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƐĐŚŽŽůǇĂƌĚ͕ ƵŐƵƐƚĞŶďŽƌŐ͕ DĂůŵƂ͘ Credit: Tim Delshammar

ƉŽůŝĐǇͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ƚĞƌŵ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ĐŽŵŵŝƚͲ ment to maintain the open stormwater ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ;ŽŶĐĞ ďƵŝůƚͿ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŬĞǇ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͛Ɛ ǀŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĂůƐŽ ƉůĂǇĞĚ Ă ƉĂƌƚ ŝŶ ŵŽďŝůŝƐŝŶŐ ŶŽŶͲƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŽƉƚĞĚ ƚŽ ǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌŝůǇ ĚĞƚĂŝŶ ƐƚŽƌŵͲ ǁĂƚĞƌ ǀŝĂ ƉŽŶĚƐ Žƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƌŽŽĨƐ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƌĂƟŶŐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ Z D ŽŵŵƵŶŝͲ ƟĞƐ͕ Žƌ Ă ůŽĐĂů ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůͲ ŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂƌĞĂ ƌĂƟŽƐ ;' ZͿ͘ ,ŽŵĞŽǁŶĞƌƐ ǁŚŽ ĚŝƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚƌĂŝŶƉŝƉĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĐĂŶ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ Ă ƌĞĨƵŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ tĂƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ^ĞǁĂŐĞ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ͘

dŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ DĂůŵƂ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĞ ůĞŐĂů ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĐƚͿ͕ ůŽĐĂů ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ;ƚŚĞ ŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ WůĂŶ͕ ůŽĐĂů master plans, and stormwater

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&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ Z D ŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ >ŽĐĂů ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ DĂůŵƂ ;/Ŷ Swedish). &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ ŽŶ ůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ͘ ^ĐĂŶĚĂŶĂǀŝĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ZŽŽĨ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ͘ ' Z ʹ 'ƌĞĞŶ ƌĞĂ ZĂƟŽ The Western Harbour – experiences and lessons learned. Malmö, Sweden. Persson, B. (ed.), 2013. ĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŽϬϭ͕ DĂůŵƂ͕ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ͘ Journal of Green Building, ϴ ;ϯͿ͕ ϯϰͲϱϬ͘ ƵƐƟŶ͕ '͕͘ ϮϬϭϯ͘ ůƵĞͲŐƌĞĞŶ ĮŶŐĞƌƉƌŝŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ͕ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ͗ DĂůŵƂ͛Ɛ ǁĂǇ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ Ă ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ͘ Malmö: Va syd. Stahre, P., 2008.

E Ky Ϯ͗ Z '/KE > K>K'/ > E dtKZ<͕ D/> E dŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶͲ ŵĞŶƚĂů ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ >ŽŵďĂƌĚǇ ƌĞŐŝŽŶ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů EĞƚǁŽƌŬ ;ZĞƚĞ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂůĞ͕ Žƌ Z ZͿ͘ dŚĞ Z Z ǁĂƐ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϵ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐĞĚ ďǇ Ă ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŶĞƐƚĞĚ Ăƚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƐĐĂůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚ ƚŽ ƐĞƌǀĞ ĂƐ Ă ŵŽĚĞů ĨŽƌ ůŽĐĂů͕ ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ /ƚĂůǇ͘ dŚĞ Z Z͛Ɛ ŐŽĂů ŝƐ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ Ă ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ƉƌŝŵĂƌǇ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ ůŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ďǇ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĨƵŶĐͲ

ƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĞǇ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϬ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŐƌĂĚƵĂůůǇ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ƐĐĂůĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ŶŽǁ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂͲ ƟŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͘ ĐƚŽƌƐ dŚĞ Z Z ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĂŌĞĚ ďǇ dŚĞ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌĂƚĞ 'ĞŶĞƌĂů ĨŽƌ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕ hƌďĂŶ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ^Žŝů ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ĞƉĂƌƚͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ >ŽŵďĂƌĚǇ ZĞŐŝŽŶ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů advisors. As part of the network, enviͲ ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂŶĚ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶƐ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ůŽĐĂů ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ ƚŽ ĞŶĂĐƚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŝŵĞĚ Ăƚ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ Ă sustainable natural environment. AddiͲ ƟŽŶĂů ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĂƌĞ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ;ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ

ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƉƉůǇ ŝŶĨŽƌͲ ŵĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ĂŶŝŵĂů ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƚ ůŝĨĞͿ͕ ĞŶǀŝͲ ƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů E'KƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ tt& /ƚĂůŝĂͿ͕ ĐŝƟͲ ǌĞŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ WƵďůŝĐͲƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ƐŚĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĐŽƐƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚ͕ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ ƚĞĂŵ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Z Z ŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚǇ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐƉƌĂǁůͿ͘ dŚĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŝƐ ŐƵŝĚĞĚ ďǇ ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďƵīĞƌ ǌŽŶĞƐ ƚŽ ĂďƐŽƌď ŶŝƚƌĂƚĞƐ͕ ƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŶĂƟǀĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐͿ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ͕ ƉĞƌŝͲ ƵƌďĂŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ůĞǀĞůƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ƉůĂŶƐ͘

DŝŶĐŝŽ WĂƌŬ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ƚǁŽ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘ ĐƟŽŶ ϭ ; ǌŝŽŶĞ ϭͿ͗ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĐƵƫŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ǌŽŶĞ͘ ĐƟŽŶ Ϯ ; ǌŝŽŶĞ ϮͿ͗ Ă ƐĞĐŽŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĞůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ Ă ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ďĂƌƌŝĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ^ĂŶ 'ŝŽƌŐŝŽ ƌŝĚŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DŝŶĐŝŽ ĐĂŶĂů͘ >ĞŐĞŶĚ͗ &ŝŶŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ ;ŐƌĞĞŶ ůŝŶĞƐͿ͖ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů EĞƚǁŽƌŬ ;Z ZͿ ;ǇĞůůŽǁ ƐƋƵĂƌĞƐͿ͖ ďŝŬĞ ƉĂƚŚƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽŽƚƉĂƚŚƐ ;ƌĞĚ ůŝŶĞƐͿ͖ ƉƌŝŵĂƌǇ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Z Z ;ŐƌĞĞŶ ůĞĂĨ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŶĂůͿ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ DŝŶĐŝŽ WĂƌŬ WƌĞƐƐ KĸĐĞ

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/K /s Z^/dz

ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ƚŚĞ Z Z ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂŶƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞ Ăƚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƐĐĂůĞƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚĞ dĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂů 'ŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ WůĂŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůͬŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ůĞǀĞů͘ ŽƚŚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂŶĚ private funds support the implementaͲ ƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Z Z͕ ŶĂŵĞůǇ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ ƌĞĂƐ &ƵŶĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ >ŽŵďĂƌĚǇ ZĞŐŝŽŶ ;ĨƵŶĚƐ ŽĨ Φϭϱ ŵŝůůŝŽŶͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŝƉůŽ &ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ ;ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ůŝŶĞ ŽĨ ĐƌĞĚŝƚ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ Z Z ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐͿ͘ &ƵŶĚƐ ĂůƐŽ ŇŽǁ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ůŽĐĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ ĂīŽƌĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ƚŽ ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ loss of land to urban development. ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ũŽŝŶƚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ shared between the European Union ĂŶĚ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůͬƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƌƵƌĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐͿ͘

dŚĞ DŝŶĐŝŽ WĂƌŬ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚǁŽ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĂŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ;ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ >ŽŵďĂƌĚǇ ZĞŐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌŝƉůŽ &ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ƚŽƚĂů ĐŽƐƚ ĂŵŽƵŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ ΦϰϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ĨŽƌ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐƐ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŶĂů ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽŽĚĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ΦϮϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽƚƵŶŶĞů͘ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ DŝŶĐŝŽ WĂƌŬ ĂƐ ůĞĂĚ ĂŐĞŶĐǇ͕ ƚŚĞ WƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ ŽĨ DĂŶƚƵĂ͕ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂŶƚƵĂ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ /WK ;ƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ŐĞŶĐǇ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ WŽ ƌŝǀĞƌͿ͘ ŝƟǌĞŶ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ Ă ƉƌĞƐƐ ĐŽŶĨĞƌͲ ĞŶĐĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ ƚƌĞĞͲƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ĚĂǇƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ƉƵďůŝĐ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă ƉƵďůŝĐ ŝŶĂƵŐƵƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞĚ ďǇ ƚĞůĞǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƐƐ ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ͘

DŝŶĐŝŽ ĂŶĂů KŶĞ Z Z ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĂƚĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ DŝŶĐŝŽ WĂƌŬ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϰ͕ Ă ŶĞǁ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ďĂŶŬƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DŝŶĐŝŽ ĂŶĂů͕ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƟŶŐ ŽĨ ƚƌĞĞ ƌŽǁƐ ŽǀĞƌ Ă ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƐĞǀĞŶ Ŭŵ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂŶƚƵĂ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƐ ƚŚĞ ŽǀĞƌĂůů ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DŝŶĐŝŽ ĂŶĂů ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ŵŽƐƚ ƵƌďĂŶŝƐĞĚ ƚƌĂĐƚ͘ ǆŝƐƟŶŐ ǀĞŐĞƚĂͲ ƟŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĂŶĂů ďĂŶŬƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŝŶƚĞͲ ŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŶĞǁ ŶĂƟǀĞ ƚƌĞĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŚƌƵďƐ͕ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ůŽĐĂů ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ (ֻ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇͿ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĂůƐŽ ůĂŝĚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶǁĂǇ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůůŽǁƐ ƉĞĚĞƐƚƌŝĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐǇĐůŝƐƚƐ ƚŽ ƚƌĂǀĞů ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌŝͲƵƌďĂŶ ǌŽŶĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ Ă ďŝŬĞ ƉĂƚŚ ŶŽƌƚŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ϯϯŵͲůŽŶŐ ƵŶĚĞƌƉĂƐƐ͕ Žƌ ͚ĞĐŽƚƵŶŶĞů͕͛ for pedestrians and wildlife (ֻ'ƌĞĞŶͲ ŐƌĞǇ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶͿ͘

dŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐŝƚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĐĂƌĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ĮǀĞ ǇĞĂƌ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďĂŶŬ ŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞ ŽĨ ϭϭϬй ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬƐ͛ ǀĂůƵĞ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚ ĞĂĐŚ ǇĞĂƌ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĂƌĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ďǇ ƚŚĞ DŝŶĐŝŽ WĂƌŬ sŽůƵŶƚĂƌǇ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů 'ƵĂƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ Ϯϰ ŚŽƵƌ ĐĂŵĞƌĂ ƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂŶƚƵĂ͛Ɛ ůŽĐĂů ƉŽůŝĐĞ ĨŽƌĐĞ͘

ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ͘ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ŝƐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ ƵƉĚĂƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ŽĨ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĂŵĞͲ ǁŽƌŬ͕ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǁĞď ƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƐĞƐƐŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ͘

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ Z Z ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ DŝŶĐŝŽ ĂŶĂů sŝĚĞŽ WĂƌĐŽ EŽƌĚ DŝůĂŶŽ ůů ŝŶ /ƚĂůŝĂŶ͘

&ƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŽƵƚůŽŽŬ Ŷ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ĂƐƉĞĐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Z Z ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŝŌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚͲ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ Ă ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ƌŽůĞ ĨŽƌ ŶŽŶͲ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŶƚ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐĞ ĞǀĞŶ ŵŽƌĞ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌͲ ŵŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ Z Z ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ŽīĞƌ Ă ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŵŽĚŝĮͲ ĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐŝĂů ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

E Ky ϯ͗ Z E t > K& d, ' >> ZhW ,Kh^/E' KDW> y͕ Z,h^ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ŝŶ ĞŶŵĂƌŬ͕ ďƵŝůƚ ŝŶ ϭϵϲϴͲϳϮ͘ dŚĞ ϯϬ ƚŽǁĞƌ ďůŽĐŬƐ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ĂƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƌĞ ŚŽŵĞ ƚŽ ũƵƐƚ ŽǀĞƌ ϳϬϬϬ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂƐ ŽĨ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ϮϬϭϯ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ϮϬϬϬƐ͕ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ Ă ĚŝƐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞĚ ĂƌĞĂ͕ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ŚŝŐŚ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŽĨ ƵŶĞŵƉůŽǇͲ ŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐƌŝŵŝŶĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ůŽǁ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐŽŵĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŝƚƐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϯ͕ ĂůŵŽƐƚ ϳϵй ŽĨ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĐĂŵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŶŽŶͲtĞƐƚĞƌŶ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͕ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ϭϭй ĨŽƌ ĂƌŚƵƐ ĂƐ Ă ǁŚŽůĞ͘ DĂŶǇ ĂƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚ ǀĂĐĂŶƚ ŝŶ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͛Ɛ ƉŽŽƌ ƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϬϳ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĂƌŚƵƐ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ă ŶĞǁ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ƉůĂŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ Ăŝŵ ŽĨ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ŵŽŶŽĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ŝŶƚŽ ĂŶ ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞ͕ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ƵƌďĂŶ ĂƌĞĂ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŶĞǁ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ͕ ĂŵĞŶŝͲ ƟĞƐ͕ ǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞǀŝƚĂůŝƐĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ;ֻDƵůƟĨƵŶĐͲ ƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇͿ͘ dŚĞ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ƉůĂŶ ŚĂƐ Ă ůŽŶŐͲ ƚĞƌŵ ƟŵĞ ĨƌĂŵĞ͕ ƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐ ŽǀĞƌĂůů ĐŽŵƉůĞƟŽŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϮϳ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ

ƐƉĂĐĞ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ďǇ ϮϬϭϳ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĮŶĂŶĐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů ĨƵŶĚ ;>ĂŶĚƐͲ ďǇŐŐĞ ĨŽŶĚĞŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ĨƵŶĚƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĂƌŚƵƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĂďƌĂŶĚ ^ŽĐŝĂů ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͕ Ă ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŵŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ͘ /ƚ ŚĂƐ Ă ďƵĚŐĞƚ ŽĨ ΦϭϬϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ͕ ŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ΦϭϮ͘ϱ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ŝƐ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘ <ĞǇ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƉŚĂƐĞ͕ ƚŚƌĞĞ ůĂƌŐĞ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ďůŽĐŬƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĚĞŵŽůŝƐŚĞĚ͕ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƌŽŽŵ ĨŽƌ ƐŚŽƉƐ ĂŶĚ Ă ĐŽŵŵƵͲ ŶŝƚǇ ŚŽƵƐĞ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽůĚ ƐĐŚŽŽů ǁĂƐ ƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ͚ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĐŝƚǇ͕͛ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ Ɛŝǆ ŬŝŶĚĞƌͲ ŐĂƌƚĞŶƐ ĨƌŽŵ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ ĂŶĚ Ă ŚĞĂůƚŚ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ͘ /Ŷ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚĞŶƵƌĞ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ will be adapted in some parts from rental to ownership in order to provide Ă ŵŽƌĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƟĂƚĞĚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ĐŽŵƉŽͲ ƐŝƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĂĐĐŽŵƉĂͲ ŶŝĞĚ ďǇ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ dŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶŶĞĚ ďǇ Ă ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů

ŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌǇ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŬĞǇ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ͗ ƐŽĐŝĂůͬŚĞĂůƚŚ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ <ĞǇ ĂŝŵƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ǀŝƐƵĂů ŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĂůƐŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝŶͲ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂďƐŽƌƉƟŽŶ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ;ֻ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌͲ ƐŝƚǇ͕ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ůĂƌŐĞ ŽƉĞŶ ŽƵƚĚŽŽƌ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƐŵĂůůĞƌ ǌŽŶĞƐ ĂƐ ƉůĂǇͲ ŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ͕ ĂůůŽƚŵĞŶƚ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ĮĞůĚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ƚƵƌŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĞƌ ǁĂƐƚĞůĂŶĚ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ĂĐƟǀĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĐŽŵŵŽŶƐ͕ ďƌŝĚŐŝŶŐ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĞƚŚŶŝĐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ;ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶͿ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŚĂƐ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƐŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ďŽƚŚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ dŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ Ă ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĂŶŝƐŚ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ƚŽƉͲ ĚŽǁŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ďŽƩŽŵ ƵƉ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ ĂŶŝƐŚ ůĂǁ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ƚĞŶĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ĂŶǇ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂŐƌĞĞĚ ƵƉŽŶ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƌĂďƌĂŶĚ ^ŽĐŝĂů ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚǁŽ ĞůĞĐƚĞĚ boards exist at the site, independent ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŽƐĞ ĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚ ĂůƐŽ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƐĞĐƵƌĞĚ͘

sŝƐƵĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞĚŝďůĞ ƉĂƌŬ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚĞƌƌǇ ƚƌĞĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƉůĂĐĞƐ͕ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ͛Ɛ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ^> ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ ϮϬϭϰ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

/K /s Z^/dz

>/D d , E'

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ DĂƐƚĞƌƉůĂŶ͘ ĂƌŚƵƐ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ͕ ϮϬϭϰ͘ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ϮϬϭϰ (in Danish). 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ hƌďĂŶ WĂƌŬ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ŽŶ ^> ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ͘ SLA ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ͕ ϮϬϭϰ͘ ŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐƉůĂŶ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉƉĂƌŬĞŶ н dŽǀĞƐŚƆũ (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality, 2011.

/ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ďǇ ƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ Ă ͚ŵŝƐƐŝŶŐ ůŝŶŬ͛ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ǁĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ ďůƵĞ ǁĞĚŐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐŽƵƚŚ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ 'ĞůůĞƌƵƉ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ ;ďůĂĐŬ ůŝŶĞͿ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ ^> ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ ϮϬϭϰ

^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƐĞĐƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ŵŝŐƌĂŶƚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ůĂƌŐĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ŬŝŶĚ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ŵĂŶǇ ƐŝŵƉůǇ ĚŝĚ ŶŽƚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĞƐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŽďƐƚĂĐůĞ͕ ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ŵŽƌĞ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚĞĂƌŝŶŐƐ͕ ƚŽ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ ĂŶĚ ͚ůŽŽŬͲĂŶĚͲůĞĂƌŶ͛ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉůĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ĞŶŵĂƌŬ ;ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘ &ŽƵƌ ǁĂůŬƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǁŽŵĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĞƚŚŶŝĐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŚĞůĚ͕ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĂůŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌƚŚĐŽŵŝŶŐ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ŵĂŝŶ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĂůůŽǁ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ͘ zŽƵƚŚ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůƵďƐ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ

ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ͚ĨƌŽŵ ŝŶƐŝĚĞͲŽƵƚ͛͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ŽĸĐĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ĐůƵďƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ Ă ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ Ϯϭ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ƚƌŝƉ ƚŽ ͚^ƵƉĞƌŬŝůĞŶ͛ ;ƚŚĞ ^ƵƉĞƌ tĞĚŐĞͿ ŝŶ EƆƌƌĞďƌŽ͕ ŽƉĞŶŚĂŐĞŶ͘ EƆƌƌĞďƌŽ ŚĂƐ been transformed from an industrial ĂŶĚ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂƌĞĂ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ŵƵůƟĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ůĞŝƐƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂ͘ dŚĞ ǀŝƐŝƚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚ ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉ ĂŶĚ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŽ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĂŶĚ barriers to the future development of Gellerup’s park. dŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ Ă ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ƚĞŶ ͚ůĞŝƐƵƌĞ ƟŵĞ ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ͛͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĞƚŚŶŝĐ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǁŚŽ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ Ă ƐŵĂůů ƐĂůĂƌǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲ

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ŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ĞīĞĐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶŝƟĂͲ ƟǀĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǀĂŶĚĂůŝƐŵ ŚĂƐ ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂĐĞƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ůĞŝƐƵƌĞ ƟŵĞ ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ĂĐƟǀĞ͘ >ĞƐƐŽŶƐ ůĞĂƌŶƚ dŚĞ ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ĞǀŽůǀĞĚ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐůǇ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϬϲ͘ WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĨŽĐƵƐ ƵƉŽŶ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ƐĞĞŵ ƚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŵŽƐƚ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ŝŶ ŐĞŶĞƌͲ ĂƟŶŐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĂŶͲ ŝŶŐĨƵů ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ͘ ĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ůĞŐĂů ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶ ĞŶŵĂƌŬ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ďŽĂƌĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶŝƟĂůůǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŽŶůǇ Ăƚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ůŽǁ ůĞǀĞů͘ Ƶƚ ĂĐƟǀĞ ůŽďďǇŝƐŵ ƐƵĐĐĞĞĚĞĚ͗ ƚŚĞǇ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŝŶĐĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ŝŶ Ăůů ŝŵƉŽƌͲ ƚĂŶƚ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƟŵĞ ĂĐƚ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŚĂŶŶĞů ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚĞĂŵ and residents.

E Ky ϰ͗ KW E ^W ^dZ d 'z͕ /E hZ', dŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů ĚĞǀĞůͲ ŽƉĞĚ ĂŶ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞĞĚƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ďĞŐĂŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϵ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĂƵĚŝƚ ŽĨ Ăůů ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƐŝǌĞĚ ϱϬϬŵϮ Žƌ ůĂƌŐĞƌ͗ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƐƵĐŚ ĐŽŵƉƌĞͲ ŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϲϵ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϬ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚǁĞůǀĞ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϲ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ͕ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ϮϬϮϭ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ĨŽƵƌ >ŽĐĂůŝƚǇ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ͘ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ dŚĞ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ǁĂƐ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ ďǇ ^ĐŽƫƐŚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐ ^ĐŽƫƐŚ ůŽĐĂů ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞ ƐƵĐŚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ŽŶ ĚŽŝŶŐ ƐŽ ;WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĚǀŝĐĞ EŽƚĞ ϲϱͿ͘ ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĚƌŝǀĞƌ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ Ă ĨĂŝƌ͕ ĐůĞĂƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ĨŽƌ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶͲ ƟĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞƐ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĐŽƌĞ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ͗ ĂŶ ĂƵĚŝƚ͕ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ͘ dŚĞ ĂƵĚŝƚ ƌĂŶŬƐ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŽƵŶĐŝůͲŽǁŶĞĚ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͕ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĂŵĞŶŝƚǇ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ ĐĞŵĞƚĞƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐĞŵŝͲŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƐƉŽƌƚƐ ĂƌĞĂƐͿ͘ WƌŝǀĂƚĞ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĂĐŬǇĂƌĚƐ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ŽƵŶĐŝů ƚŽŽŬ ĂŶ ĂĐƟǀĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚǁŽ ĂƵĚŝƚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŵĞĞƚͲ ŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϴͬϵ ƚŽ ŐĂŝŶ ŵŽƌĞ ƵŶĚĞƌͲ ƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƵƐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬŝŶŐ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĚƌĂŌ audit and plan (ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘

&KZ ͗ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ DĂƉ ;ϮϬϭϬͿ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ůĂƌŐĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ;ŐƌĞĞŶͿ͕ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĚĞĮĐŝĞŶƚ ;ƌĞĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ŶŽƚ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ;ĚĂƌŬ ŐƌĞǇͿ͘ Credit: City of Edinburgh Council

&d Z͗ DĂƉ ;ϮϬϭϲͿ ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ;ŐƌĞĞŶͿ͕ ĚĞĮĐŝĞŶĐŝĞƐ ;ƌĞĚͿ͕ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĂƌĞĂƐ ŶŽǁ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ;ƉŝŶŬͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŶŽƚ ǇĞƚ ŵĞĞƟŶŐ ŝƚ ;ĚĂƌŬ ŐƌĞǇͿ͘ DĂŶǇ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇͲĚĞĮĐŝĞŶƚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚƵƌŶĞĚ ƉŝŶŬ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϬ͘ Credit: City of Edinburgh Council

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

/K /s Z^/dz

hƐŝŶŐ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƵĚŝƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂͲ ƟŽŶ ĨŽƌŵĞĚ Ă ďĂƐŝƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƐƚĂŶĚͲ ĂƌĚƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝŶͲ ďƵƌŐŚ͛Ɛ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ŽĨ ďŽƚŚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ;ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƐƉĂĐĞͿ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ;ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŐƌĞĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇͿ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƵƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂů ďĂůů ŐĂŵĞƐ͕ ƐĞĂƟŶŐ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ͕ ŽďƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ ֻDƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝͲ ĂƚĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ĞĂĐŚ ƵƐĞ ƐĐŽƌĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƐŝǌĞ͕ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚ ƵƐĞͿ͘ dŚƌĞĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ͕ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŚŝŐŚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŽĨ ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚǇƉĞƐ͗ ĂͿ ůŽĐĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ďͿ ůĂƌŐĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐͿ ƉůĂǇ ƐƉĂĐĞ͘ dŚĞ ŽƵŶĐŝů ĂůƐŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŵĂƉƐ ƚŽ ǀŝƐƵĂůŝƐĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ĚĞĮĐŝĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ϮϬϭϬ ĂůŵŽƐƚ ϮϬ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĚŝĚ ŶŽƚ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ďǇ ϮϬϭϲ ƚŚĂƚ number was down to three, and over 30 ŶĞǁ ůŽĐĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŚĂĚ ďĞĞŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ϰϬϬ ŵĞƚƌĞƐ ŽĨ ŚŽŵĞƐ ʹ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͛Ɛ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂͲ ƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ŽƵŶĐŝů ƌĞƐŽůǀĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞƚĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ϮϬϭϲ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ;ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ Ă ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉͿ ƚŽ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŝŶ ŶĞǁ developments and to promote environͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟǀĞ ůŝǀŝŶŐ͘ ĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ &Žƌ ƚŚĞ ϮϬϭϬ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ ƚǁĞůǀĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ Ăƚ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ůĞǀĞů͕

ĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŵŽƌĞ ŚŽŵĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŐŽŽĚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂůƐŽ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚ Ă ƟŵĞƐĐĂůĞ ĨŽƌ ĞĂĐŚ ĂĐƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂĚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ ĐŽƐƚ͘ dŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŽƵŶĐŝů͛Ɛ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ǁĂƐ ƐŽƵŐŚƚ ǁŝƚŚ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ;ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƵƉ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŝĚĞƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ ZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ŽƵŶĐŝů͛Ɛ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ŝŶ ĐŚĂƌŐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƵƉĚĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ĂƵĚŝƚ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚĞĞƌŝŶŐ ŐƌŽƵƉ ŚĂƐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌͲ hood Partnership teams and other ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ WĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞƐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůůǇ ďǇ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ Žƌ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůůǇ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĐǇĐůĞ ĐŚĂƌŝƚǇ ^ƵƐƚƌĂŶƐ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ĨƵŶĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĨƵŶĚĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ŽŶͲ Žƌ ŽīͲƐŝƚĞ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ͗ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ͕ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ dŚĞ ĐůĞĂƌ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ďǇ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ŝŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƐƚƌĂƚͲ ĞŐǇ͛Ɛ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƵĚŝƚ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ƚŽŽŬ ƉůĂĐĞ͘ ŽƵŶĐŝů ƐƚĂī ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ Ăƚ Ă ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ ƉůĂĐĞƐ ;ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐ ŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ͕ ŐĂůĂ ĚĂǇƐ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶĐŝůƐ͕ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌͲ ŚŽŽĚ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ͕ ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞĚ ǀŝĂ ĞŵĂŝů ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐƚ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĞŶƚƌĞƉƌĞŶĞƵƌƐ͕

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

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ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂŶĚ ǇŽƵƚŚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘ ŚŝůͲ ĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ Ăƚ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ĐůƵďƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ;ֻ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶͿ͘ &ŝŶĂůůǇ͕ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶͲ ŶŝŶŐ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƉƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂƵĚŝƚ͕ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶƐ ŚĂƐ ĞŶƐƵƌĞĚ ŝƚƐ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƵƐĂŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ĐƌŽƐƐͲĚĞƉĂƌƚͲ ŵĞŶƚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ĞǀĞƌǇ ĮǀĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ a basis to monitor and evaluate developͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ƚĂŬĞͲŚŽŵĞ ŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ ǇŽƵƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƵƐĞƐ͕ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝͲ ďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͕ ƉĂǇƐ Žī ǁŚĞŶ ŝƚ ĐŽŵĞƐ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂůůǇ ĂůŝŐŶŝŶŐ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ natural environment.

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ϮϬϮϭ͗ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͛Ɛ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘ dŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ ŽƵŶĐŝů͕ ϮϬϭϲ͘ ƵĚŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ >ŽĐĂůŝƚǇ ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶƐ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĚǀŝĐĞ EŽƚĞ ϲϱ͗ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ KƉĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ͘ ^ĐŽƫƐŚ Government, 2008. ,Žǁ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ tŽƌŬ͘ KǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ Partnership website.

E Ky ϱ͗ d/KE W> EE/E' &KZ /K /s Z^/dz͕ >/^ KE Ɛ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ hE ĞĐĂĚĞ ĨŽƌ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌͲ ƐŝƚǇ ;ϮϬϭϭͲϮϬϮϬͿ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů͕ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ Ăŝŵ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ ĂŵďŝƟŽƵƐ ϮϬй ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞͲ ŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďǇ ϮϬϮϬ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ϮϬϭϬ ůĞǀĞůƐ͘ &Žƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ͚ ŝŽĚŝͲ ǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͕ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĨŽƌ ϮϬϮϬ͛ ǁĂƐ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϮ͕ ƐŽŽŶ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ͚>ŽĐĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ĨŽƌ >ŝƐďŽŶ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͛ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϱ͘ dŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ŝƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͛Ɛ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͕ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ ǁĞůůͲ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƚǇ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ (ֻ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇͿ͘ dŚĞ ƉůĂŶ ŝƐ ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚ Ăƚ Ă ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ƐĐĂůĞ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ Ăƚ ůŽĐĂů ƐĐĂůĞ͘ dŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ĚĞĮŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŵĂŝŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ ϭ͘ /ŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ͗ ͻ ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶƐ ƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐ ůŽĐĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶͲ ŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ͘

ͻ dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŐƵŝĚĞƐ͘ ͻ KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǇĞĂƌůǇ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘ Ϯ͘ ƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͗ ͻ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶĨĞƌͲ ĞŶĐĞƐ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌͲ ƐŝƚǇ͘ ͻ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ŽŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŶƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ĂŶĚ DĂƐƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŽĐƚŽƌĂů ĚĞŐƌĞĞƐ ĨŽĐƵƐĞĚ ŽŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶŝŵĂů ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͘ ϯ͘ ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ͗ ͻ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ͻ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŵĞĚŝƵŵͲƐŝǌĞĚ ĂŶĚ ůĂƌŐĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐͲ ƟǀŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĞƌŝƉŚĞƌĂů ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝͲ ƟĞƐ͘ ͻ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ŇŽƌŝƐƟĐ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ͻ ƌĞĂƟŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŚŽƚƐƉŽƚƐ ĂŶĚ ǁŝůĚƐĐĂƉĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ͘

ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĂůůŽƚŵĞŶƚ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ;ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϳͿ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ Žƌ ŶĞǁ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͕ Žƌ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂďƌŝĐ͕ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŽ Ă ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŵŽƐĂŝĐ ǁŝƚŚ ŐƌĞĂƚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĨŽƌ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ /ŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ dŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ŝƐ ĞŵƉůŽǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ /ŶĚĞǆ ; /͕ ֻToolbox T1) ĂŶĚ ƚǁŽ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶƐ ;ƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞĚ ĨŽƌ ϮϬϭϳ ĂŶĚ ϮϬϮϬͿ ƚŽ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ ŝƚƐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ (ֻ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶͿ͘ ĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ /Ɛ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƵƌŝƟďĂ͕ ƌĂǌŝů͕ ĂŶĚ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ >ŝƐďŽŶ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ͕ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ŐĞŶĐǇ ĨŽƌ ŶĞƌŐǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ;>ŝƐďŽĂ ĞͲŶŽǀĂͿ͕ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŝƚƐ ŽǁŶ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͘ dŚĞ / ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞƐ Ϯϯ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƵďͲŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŵĂŝŶ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ͗ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ͘

dĂŐƵƐ ƐƚƵĂƌǇ͗ ƚŚĞ ŶŽƌƚŚ ƐŚŽƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚƵĂƌǇ ŝƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŵĂƌƐŚůĂŶĚ ĂƌĞĂ ŽĨ ŚŝŐŚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͘ /ƚ ǁŝůů ďĞ ƌĞƐƚŽƌĞĚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͛Ɛ ůŽĐĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ D> tĞďƐŝƚĞ ͬ ^şƟŽ ĚĂ D> ǁǁǁ͘ĐŵͲůŝƐďŽĂ͘Ɖƚ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

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&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ >ŽĐĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ĨŽƌ >ŝƐďŽŶ͛Ɛ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 2015.

ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ZŽƵƚĞ͗ Ă ŐƵŝĚĞ ƚŽ Ă ϭϰ Ŭŵ ǁĂůŬŝŶŐ ƌŽƵƚĞ͕ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐ DŽŶƐĂŶƚŽ &ŽƌĞƐƚ WĂƌŬ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ dĂŐƵƐ ƌŝǀĞƌ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ >ŝƐďŽŶ͛Ɛ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ƚŽ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ D> tĞďƐŝƚĞ ͬ ^şƟŽ ĚĂ D> ǁǁǁ͘ĐŵͲůŝƐďŽĂ͘Ɖƚ

/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ dŚĞ >ŝƐďŽŶ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ ŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂĐƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ďǇ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ƉĂƌƚͲ ŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ͕ E'KƐ ĂŶĚ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ǀŽůƵŶͲ ƚĞĞƌŝŶŐ ;ֻ ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐͿ͘ ǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶ͛Ɛ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝŬĞůŝŚŽŽĚ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶƚ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐƚĂŬĞͲ ŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŶƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨĂďƌŝĐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ůĞĂǀŝŶŐ ůĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞƐƐ ƌŽŽŵ ĨŽƌ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͛Ɛ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĐƌŝƐŝƐ ƐĞƌŝŽƵƐůǇ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ďƵĚŐĞƚ͘

ƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƟŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĐƌŝƐŝƐ ŚĂƐ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͕ ĐůŽƐĞ ƚŽ ĐŝƟͲ zens’ homes. This presents an opporͲ ƚƵŶŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƚǇ ŽĸĐŝĂůƐ ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ ĐŝƟǌĞŶ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŝŶ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͘ ĞƌĂĚŝĐĂƟŶŐ ŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞ ƉůĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ͕ E'KƐ ĂŶĚ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝͲ ƟĞƐ ƚŽ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞ ĐŽƐƚƐ ;ֻGreen ĐŽŶŽŵǇͿ͘ >ŝƐďŽŶ͛Ɛ ĂĐƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŵĞƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶͲ ŵĞŶƚĂů E'KƐ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŝŐŶĂůůĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŝŶ ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƐĞƚ ƵƉ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͘

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E Ky ϲ͗ E, E /E' h'/ d,ZKh', /z͕ Z>/E ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ hƌďĂŶ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ;h>^Ϳ͕ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϮ͕ ŝƐ Ă ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĨŽĐƵƐĞƐ ŽŶ ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ǁĞĂůƚŚ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ŝƚƐ ŝŵĂŐĞ͘ KŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŵĂũŽƌ ƚŚĞŵĞƐ ŝƐ ͚WƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕͛ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶĐĞŶͲ ƚƌĂƚĞƐ ŽŶ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ůŽŶŐͲƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĚŽͲŝƚͲǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ ; /zͿ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ǁŚŝůĞ ĂůƐŽ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů ƵƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂĐĞ ŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ͘ ĐƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ The ULS was developed based on a ^ĞŶĂƚĞ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƌĞƐŝůͲ ŝĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ the Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment in ĐŽŶũƵŶĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚǁŽ ĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ĮƌŵƐ͘ ŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ǁĂƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǁŝĚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ

ŽĸĐŝĂůƐ͕ ůŽĐĂů E'KƐ͕ ƌĞĂů ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ĚĞǀĞůͲ ŽƉĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ƐŝƚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌͲ ŵŽƌĞ͕ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŽŽŬ ƉůĂĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ ŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŽƌĚŝͲ ŶĂƚŽƌƐ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚĞ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĞƌůŝŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĂůƐŽ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ ĂĐƟǀĂƚĞ ŵŽƌĞ ŶŽŶͲƐƚĂƚĞͲĂĐƚŽƌ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŝŶ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ǁĂǇƐ͕ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ŝŶ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ ĨŽŽĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ƵƌďĂŶ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽŵĂƐƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ;ֻ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂͲ ƟŽŶͿ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ WƌŽĚƵĐͲ ƟǀĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƌĞůŝĞƐ ƐƚƌŽŶŐůǇ ŽŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶͲ ƟĂů ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ǀŝĂ Ă ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ĂŶĚ ĞǆĞŵƉůĂƌǇ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ ŵĂŶǇ ŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂǀĞ ĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ďĞĞŶ ƉƵƚ ŝŶƚŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ hƌďĂŶ WŝŽŶĞĞƌƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ dĞŵƉĞůŚŽĨĞƌ &ĞůĚ KŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ

ƚŚĞ WƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ƚŚĞŵĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ͚hƌďĂŶ WŝŽŶĞĞƌƐ͛ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ dĞŵƉĞůŚŽĨĞƌ &ĞůĚ͕ Ă ĨŽƌŵĞƌ ĂŝƌĮĞůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŶŽǁ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ ůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌŬƐ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ϮϬ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ƵƐĞƐ ŽĨ ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŐĂƌĚĞŶŝŶŐ͕ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ Ăƌƚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉŽƌƚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ ĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŝŽŶĞĞƌ ƵƐĞƐ was proposed, implemented and ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ ďǇ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ;ֻ/ŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶͿ͘ dŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ƵƐĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌŬ͛Ɛ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŝŵƐ͕ ŬŝĐŬͲƐƚĂƌƚ ŝƚƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĂƉĞ ŝƚƐ ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŵĂŐĞ ŝŶ Ă ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ǁĂǇ ;ֻ'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇͿ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ǀĞƌǇ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͕ ĨŽƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ůůŵĞŶĚĞͲ<ŽŶƚŽƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŐƌĞǁ ĨƌŽŵ ϭϬ ƌĂŝƐĞĚ ďĞĚƐ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϭ ƚŽ ϮϱϬ ŝŶ ũƵƐƚ Ă ĨĞǁ ǇĞĂƌƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŶŽǁ ĂĐƚŝǀĞůǇ ƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ŽǀĞƌ ϱϬϬ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ Ă ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ĞůƐĞͲ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝŶ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ͘

ŽůůĂŐĞ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǀŝƐŝŽŶĂƌǇ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ hƌďĂŶ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘ ƌĞĚŝƚ͗ WƌŽũĞŬƚďƺƌŽ &ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚ ǀŽŶ ŽƌƌŝĞƐ ƵŶĚ ďŐŵƌ >ĂŶĚƐĐŚĂŌƐĂƌĐŚŝƚĞŬƚĞŶ ŽŶ ďĞŚĂůĨ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ĞŶĂƚƐǀĞƌǁĂůƚƵŶŐ Ĩƺƌ Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Berlin

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'Z E KEKDz

/Ŷ ƉĂƌƚ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ƐƉŝƌŝƚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ ƉůĂĐĞ ĂƩĂĐŚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌŬ ŐƌĞǁ ƋƵŝĐŬůǇ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐůǇ͘ ƚŽƉͲĚŽǁŶ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ͕ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ƉůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉͲ ŵĞŶƚ ĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌŬ͛Ɛ ĞĚŐĞƐ ǁĂƐ ŵĞƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŵƵĐŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŽƉƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ ƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐ ŝŶ Ă ĐŝƟǌĞŶ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĚƵŵ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϰ ƚŚĂƚ ǀĞƚŽĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƉůĂŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ͕ ƚǁŽͲǇĞĂƌ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌŬ͛Ɛ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉͲ ment. ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ KŶĞ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ of the ULS has been the brand of the ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ;ůŽŐŽ͕ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ͕ ŶĂŵĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĞůŝĐŝƚͿ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĚĚ ǁĞŝŐŚƚ ĂŶĚ ůĞŐŝƟŵĂĐǇ ƚŽ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝĚĞĂƐ ĂŶĚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂĐƚŽƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĂĚŵŝŶͲ ŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ƵŶŝƚƐ͕ ƉĂƌƚůǇ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŶǇ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ƉůĂŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞƐ͘

ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚǇ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĨƵŶĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ h>^͗ ΦϭϬ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŽƚĂů͘ /Ŷ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ dĞŵƉĞůͲ ŚŽĨĞƌ &ĞůĚ͕ ŽŶĞ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ /z ŝŶŝƟĂͲ ƟǀĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŵĂŬĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĐŽƐƚͲ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶŶĞůͲŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ͘ ĂůĂŶĐŝŶŐ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ Ăƚ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŶŐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŐĞƫŶŐ ƚŽŽ ĂƩĂĐŚĞĚ ƚŽ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ƵƐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͘

>/D d , E'

&ŝŶĚ ŽƵƚ ŵŽƌĞ͘͘͘ hƌďĂŶ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĞƌůŝŶ͘ Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, 2012. 'ƌƺŶĂŶƚĞŝů ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ͘ GermanǁŝĚĞ ŽŶůŝŶĞ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ďŽƩŽŵͲ ƵƉ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͕ including urban gardens. Both in German.

ĞƌůŝŶ͛Ɛ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ /z ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂĚŝŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ƚŽ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƚĂŬĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ hƌďĂŶ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂǇ ƐƵƉƉůĞͲ ŵĞŶƟŶŐ ĚĞĐůŝŶŝŶŐ ĐŝƚǇ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐĂƐĞ ƐƚƵĚǇ ĂůƐŽ ƐŚŽǁƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ŝƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ŝĨ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŽ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŝŶ ŵŽƌĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƌŵŽŶŝŽƵƐ ǁĂǇƐ͘

EƵƚƵƌĞ DŝŶŝ Zd 'ŽůĨ͕ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ϮϬ ͚hƌďĂŶ WŝŽŶĞĞƌ͛ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ dĞŵƉĞůŚŽĨĞƌ &ĞůĚ͘ dŚĞ ŵŝŶŝͲŐŽůĨ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ ǁĂƐ ďƵŝůƚ ďǇ ĂƌƟƐƚƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƌĞĐǇĐůĞĚ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ĂůŵŽƐƚ ĞŶƟƌĞůǇ ƌƵŶ ŽŶ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĞŶĞƌŐǇ͘ Credit: Emily Rall

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

TOOLBOX dϭ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ WƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŶŐ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ dϮ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ WƌŽŵŽƚŝŶŐ Ă 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ dϯ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ dϰ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ 'ƌĞĞŶͲ'ƌĞǇ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚŝŽŶ dϱ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇ dϲ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ DƵůƚŝĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůŝƚǇ dϳ͗ dŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ dϴ͗ &ƵŶĚŝŶŐ dŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ DĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ

dϭ͗ dKK>^ &KZ WZKd d/E' /K /s Z^/dz D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

^ KZ/E' ^z^d D

&/E Khd DKZ

ŝƚǇ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ /ŶĚĞǆ ; /Ϳ

ůƐŽ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ^ŝŶŐĂƉŽƌĞ /ŶĚĞǆ ŽŶ ŝƟĞƐ͛ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ƚŚĞ / ŝƐ Ă ƚŽŽů ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽŶ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŚĂŶĐŝŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘

/ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ Ϯϯ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ϭͿ ŶĂƟǀĞ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ϮͿ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ϯͿ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ &Žƌ ĞĂĐŚ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌ͕ ƚŚĞ / ŵĂŶƵĂů ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐ Ă ƐĐŽƌĞ ŽĨ ϬͲϰ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ϭ ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƐ ƚŽ ƉŽŽƌ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ϰ ƚŽ ĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚ͘

CBI website

dŚĞ ƐĐŽƌŝŶŐ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĂƌĞ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚǁŽ ƐĞĐƟŽŶƐ͗ ϭͿ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ϮͿ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ WŽƐƚͲ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚ ƵƐĞƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶǇ ĂĚũƵƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇ͘ /Ĩ ĂŶ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚ ĞĂƌŶƐ ůĞƐƐ ƚŚĂŶ ϱϬй ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞĂĐŚ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ͘

tŝůĚůŝĨĞ &ƌŝĞŶĚůǇ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ website

dŚĞ & ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ŽĨ Ă ƐŝƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚŽƐƚƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ Žƌ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƌĂƟŽ ŝŶ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƚĂů ƐŝƚĞ ĂƌĞĂ͘ & ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞĮŶĞ Ă ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ when a site is redeveloped.

& ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͕ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞƌůŝŶ ^ĞŶĂƚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ůŝŵĂƚĞ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ website

^ƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ͗ ĐŝƚǇͲǁŝĚĞ ƐĐĂůĞ tŝůĚůŝĨĞ &ƌŝĞŶĚůǇ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ

WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƵƐĞ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ Ă ŶĞǁ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ ƚŽ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞ ĂŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ WƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞĚ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂůůŽĐĂƚĞ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐƚͲĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ƉŚĂƐĞƐ͘ ^ƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ͗ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚͬƐŝƚĞ ƐĐĂůĞ

ŝŽƚŽƉĞ ƌĞĂ &ĂĐƚŽƌ͕ ĞƌůŝŶ ; &Ϳ

dŚĞ & ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů standards for new development and ĂůƚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ Žƌ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ Ă ƐŝƚĞ͘ /ƚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƐ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ďŝŽƚŽƉĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂů use. ^ƵŝƚĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ͗ ƐŝƚĞ ƐĐĂůĞ ŝŶ ďƵŝůƚͲƵƉ ĂƌĞĂƐ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

dϮ͗ dKK>^ &KZ WZKDKd/E' 'Z E KEKDz D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

&/E Khd DKZ

ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ

DĞƚŚŽĚ ƚŽ ŵĂƉ ĂŶĚ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞ ƚŚĞ ŬŝŶĚ ŽĨ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ĂƚĂ ŽŶ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ ŝƐ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ĞĂƐŝůǇ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ͕ Ğ͘Ő͘ ĨƌŽŵ KƉĞŶ^ƚƌĞĞƚDĂƉ ;K^DͿ͘ dŚĞ ƵƐĞƌ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ƐĞůĞĐƚ Ă ďƵīĞƌ ǌŽŶĞ ʹ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐ Ă ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌŽǆŝŵŝƚǇ ƚŽ Ă ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ Ă ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ŝƐ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ͘

ĂƐŚ ŇŽǁƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͗ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ŽĨ UGI. GREEN SURGE Deliverable ϰ͘Ϯ͘ ŶĚĞƌƐƐŽŶ͕ ͕͘ <ƌŽŶĞŶďĞƌŐ͕ :͘ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϱ͘ ƉƉϭϴͲϭϵ ĂŶĚ ƉƉϮϲͲϮϳ͘

/ĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ZΘ ŽĸĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ

DĞƚŚŽĚ ƚŽ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ ŝŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ;ZΘ Ϳ͕ ĂƌĞ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞ ƚŽ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

ĂƐŚ ŇŽǁƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͗ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ŽĨ UGI. ƉƉϮϮͲϮϭ͘

,ĞĚŽŶŝĐ ƉƌŝĐŝŶŐ

DĞƚŚŽĚ ƚŽ ĂƐƐŝŐŶ ǀĂůƵĞ ƚŽ ŶŽŶͲŵĂƌŬĞƚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƌĞĂů ĞƐƚĂƚĞ ƐĂůĞƐ Žƌ ƌĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŝĐĞƐ͘ ŵŽĚĞů ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐ ŽŶ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇ ƐĂůĞƐ Žƌ ƌĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŝĐĞƐ͕ ƵƐƵĂůůǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů͕ ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐ͘ dŚĞ ůĂƩĞƌ ŽŶĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŽŌĞŶ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ƚŽ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƚǇƉĞƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

ĂƐŚ ŇŽǁƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͗ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĨŽƌ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ŽĨ UGI. ƉƉϮϵͲϯϬ͘

/Ŷs ^d

KƉĞŶ ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ƚŽ ŵĂƉ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŵŽŶĞƚĂƌǇ ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ŶŽŶͲ ŵŽŶĞƚĂƌǇ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŽŶŶĞƐ ŽĨ ĐĂƌďŽŶ ƐĞƋƵĞƐƚĞƌĞĚͿ͘

/Ŷs ^d ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

ŝͲdƌĞĞ

^ŽŌǁĂƌĞ ƉĂĐŬĂŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ h^ &ŽƌĞƐƚ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƵƌďĂŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƌǇ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ tools.

ŝͲdƌĞĞ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

dϯ͗ dKK>^ &KZ /E Z ^/E' ^K / > K, ^/KE D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

&/E Khd DKZ

ĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ EĂƚƵƌĂů 'ƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ; E'^ƚͿ

^ĞƚƐ ďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞĂ ŽĨ ƉĂƌŬƐ Žƌ ǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚƐ ƉĞƌ ĐĂƉŝƚĂͿ͘

Nature Nearby. Accessible EĂƚƵƌĂů 'ƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ 'ƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂů ŶŐůĂŶĚ͕ ϮϬϭϬ͘

hZ' ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ

ŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚ h ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ ŝŶ ĐŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƌďĂŶ ƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͘ ŵŽŶŐ ŝƚƐ ŽƵƚƉƵƚƐ ŝƐ Ă ĐĂƚĂůŽŐƵĞ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͕ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƵƐĞ ŝŶ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

^ŽĐŝĂů ƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞƐ͘ Coles, R., Caserio, M., 2001.

WƵďůŝĐ ĞŶĞĮƚƐ ZĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ System (PBRS)

dŽŽů ĨŽƌ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƐǇŶĞƌŐŝĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐŽĐŝĂů͕ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŶĞĞĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ƵƐŝŶŐ '/^ ƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ͘

PBRS Website ǆĂŵƉůĞ ZĞƉŽƌƚ͗ >ĂŶĐĂƐŚŝƌĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘ WƵďůŝĐ ĞŶĞĮƚ ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘ WƌŽũĞĐƚ ZĞƉŽƌƚ͘ W Z^͕ ϮϬϬϴ͘

^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ ZĂĚĂƌ

DĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͛Ɛ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ ;ƐŽĐŝĂů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ŐŽŽĚͿ ĂŶĚ ŶŝŶĞ ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ͘

WƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ ZĂĚĂƌ͘ DĞĂƐƵƌŝŶŐ ŽŵŵŽŶ 'ƌŽƵŶĚ͘ Ŷ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŽŵƉĂƌŝƐŽŶ ŽĨ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘ ĞƌƚĞůƐŵĂŶŶ ^ƟŌƵŶŐ ; Ě͘Ϳ͕ ϮϬϭϯ͘

^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ WŽůŝĐǇ EĞǁƐ

ZĞǀŝĞǁ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƚŽ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ ŝŶ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ;ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ͗ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐĂƉŝƚĂůͿ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ Žƌ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘

K ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƌĞǀŝĞǁƐ͘ ŽŶĐĞƉƚ EŽƚĞ͘ K ͕ 2014.

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

dϰ͗ dKK>^ &KZ 'Z Eͳ'Z zͳ/Ed 'Z d/KE D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

&/E Khd DKZ

DŝŶŶĞƐŽƚĂ ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ DĂŶƵĂů

dŚŝƐ ŽŶůŝŶĞ ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŶƐŝǀĞ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐ ƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ ƚŽ ĂƐƐŝƐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ŽŶĞ ĨŽƌ ǇŽƵƌ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͘ ƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ possible tools is outlined below.

DŝŶŶĞƐŽƚĂ ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ DĂŶƵĂů website

^h^d /E Ͳ ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĨŽƌ hƌďĂŶ ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ dƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŶĂůǇƐŝƐ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ

ĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŽŽů ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŶŐ ŽƉƟŵĂů ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚǇƉĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂŶƟƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŐŽĂůƐ͘ EŽƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ W ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ŶĞǁĞƌ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ^h^d /E ĨŽƌ ůĂƚĞƌ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ tŝŶĚŽǁƐ Žƌ ƌĐ'/^ ŚĂƐ ĞŶĚĞĚ͘

SUSTAIN website

RECARGA

ĞƐŝŐŶ ƚŽŽů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ tŝƐĐŽŶƐŝŶ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ EĂƚƵƌĂů ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďŝŽ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ƌĂŝŶ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ ďĂƐŝŶƐ͘

RECARGA website

Wϴ Ͳ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĨŽƌ WƌĞĚŝĐƟŶŐ WŽůůƵƟŶŐ WĂƌƟĐůĞ WĂƐƐĂŐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ WŝƚƐ͕ WƵĚĚůĞƐ Θ WŽŶĚƐ

DŽĚĞůƐ ƚŚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƵƌďĂŶ ƌƵŶŽī ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͘

P8 website

^tDD Ͳ W ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŽĚĞů

^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƌƵŶŽī͕ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ƐĞǁĞƌ ŽǀĞƌŇŽǁƐ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘

SWMM website

Dh^/ Ͳ DŽĚĞů ĨŽƌ hƌďĂŶ ^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ

DŽĚĞůƐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ĂƐƐŝƐƚ ŝŶ ƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐ ĂŶ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘

MUSIC website

tŝŶ^> DD Ͳ ^ŽƵƌĐĞ >ŽĂĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ DŽĚĞů ĨŽƌ tŝŶĚŽǁƐ

ǀĂůƵĂƚĞƐ ƐƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌƵŶŽī ǀŽůƵŵĞ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƌƵŶŽī ŝƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶͬ ďŝŽĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ ďĂƐŝŶƐ͕ ƐƚƌĞĞƚ ĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐ͕ ǁĞƚ ĚĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ ƉŽŶĚƐ͕ ŐƌĂƐƐ ƐǁĂůĞƐ͕ ĮůƚĞƌ ƐƚƌŝƉƐ͕ ƉŽƌŽƵƐ ƉĂǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĐĂƚĐŚďĂƐŝŶƐ͕ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƵƐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌǇ ĚĞǀŝĐĞƐ͘

tŝŶ^> DD ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

ŝͲdƌĞĞ ,ǇĚƌŽ

^ŝŵƵůĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƚ ŽĨ ƚƌĞĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ĐŽǀĞƌ ŽŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ͘ ĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƐŝŵƉůĞ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ ĨŽƌ ŶŽŶͲĞǆƉĞƌƚƐ ƚŽ use.

ŝͲdƌĞĞ ,ǇĚƌŽ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

dϱ͗ dKK>^ &KZ KEE d/s/dz D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

&/E Khd DKZ

ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ĞƐŝŐŶ

ƉůĂƚĨŽƌŵ ŽĨĨĞƌŝŶŐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ĞƐŝŐŶĞƌ ;Ă ďĂƐŝĐ ƌĐ'/^ ƚŽŽůďŽǆ ĨŽƌ ĐƌĞĂƚŝŶŐ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ŵŽĚĞůƐͿ ĂŶĚ ůŝŶŬƐ ƚŽ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ '/^ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ŵŽĚĞů͕ ŵĂƉ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚǇ͕ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ Žƌ habitats.

ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ ĞƐŝŐŶ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

SCALETOOL

WĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^ > ^ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ;^ĞĐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ >ĞǀĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉĂƟĂů͕ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ^ĐĂůĞƐͿ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ƉůĂƞŽƌŵ ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Ăƚ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐĐĂůĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŵŽĚƵůĞ͕ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĂŶĚ ůŝŶŬƐ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ŽŶůŝŶĞ͘ ůƐŽ ƵƐĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘

SCALETOOL website

ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ dŽŽůďŽǆ

dŚĞ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ 'ƌŽƵƉ ŽīĞƌƐ Ă ƚŽŽůďŽǆ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ůŝŶŬƐ ƚŽ ƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ͕ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ƉĂƉĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ǁĞď ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƵƐĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘

ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ dŽŽůďŽǆ͕ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ 'ƌŽƵƉ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ

^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ͛Ɛ 'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ ; ĞŶ ŐƌƂŶĂ ƉƌŽŵĞŶĂĚƐƚĂĚĞŶͿ ŚĂƐ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ŐƌĞĞŶ ;ĂŶĚ ďůƵĞͿ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĐŝƚǇ ƉůĂŶ ͚dŚĞ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ͗ ^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ͛͘ Ŷ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ƉůĂŶ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ ĂƌƟĐůĞ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ Plan are available online.

^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ ; ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇͿ dŚĞ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ͗ ^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ͕ ϮϬϭϬ͘ ;ŝŶ ŶŐůŝƐŚͿ 'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ WůĂŶ͕ ϮϬϭϯ (in Swedish) WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ tĂůŬĂďůĞ ŝƚǇ͗ ŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝǌŝŶŐ sĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ ĨŽƌ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ^ƉĂĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ͘ >ŝƩŬĞ͕ ,͕͘ ϮϬϭϱ͘

ĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ EĂƚƵƌĂů 'ƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ; E'^ƚͿ

^ĞƚƐ ďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞĂ ŽĨ ƉĂƌŬƐ Žƌ ǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚƐ ƉĞƌ ĐĂƉŝƚĂͿ͘ ůƐŽ ƵƐĞĨƵů ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŶŐ Ă ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

͚EĂƚƵƌĞ EĞĂƌďǇ͛ ĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ EĂƚƵƌĂů 'ƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ 'ƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂů ŶŐůĂŶĚ͕ ϮϬϭϬ͘

dϲ͗ dKK>^ &KZ Dh>d/&hE d/KE >/dz D d,K ͬ dKK>

&/E Khd DKZ

t, d &KZ͍

'ƌĞĞŶ<ĞǇƐΛzŽƵƌ ŝƚǇ ʹ 'ƵŝĚĞ DĂŶƵĂů͕ ƚŽŽůďŽǆ ĂŶĚ ĞͲůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŵŽĚƵůĞ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ ďǇ ĨŽƌ hƌďĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ YƵĂůŝƚǇ ƚŚĞ /K Z >ĞŝďŶŝǌ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ŽĨ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ƌĞƐĚĞŶ͘ ^ĞĞ ŝŶ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ƚŽŽůƐ͘

'ƌĞĞŶ<ĞǇƐ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ͘ 'ƌĞĞŶ <ĞǇƐ Team, 2008.

'ƌĞĞŶ &ůĂŐ ǁĂƌĚ

ĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ ĨŽƌ ƉĂƌŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ h<͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ Ϯϳ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ĞŝŐŚƚ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŵŽŶŐ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ͕ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ͘ dŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ Ă ŵƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͛Ɛ ƵƐĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ ;ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů Žƌ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͘

'ƌĞĞŶ &ůĂŐ ǁĂƌĚ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

dŚĞ DĞƌƐĞǇ &ŽƌĞƐƚ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ '/^ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ

'/^ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ Ă h<ͲďĂƐĞĚ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĚĂƚĂ ŶĞĞĚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ĚĂƚĂ͕ ĂŚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ŝƚƐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂďůĞ ƚŽ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐĂůĞƐ͘

dŚĞ sĂůƵĞ ŽĨ DĂƉƉŝŶŐ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚĞ DĞƌƐĞǇ &ŽƌĞƐƚ͕ ϮϬϭϭ͘

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

dϳ͗ dKK>^ &KZ ^K / > /E >h^/KE D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

&/E Khd DKZ

TOOLS FOR ASSESSMENT AND VALUATION ^ƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ŶĂůǇƐŝƐ

Method to ensure that relevant stakeholders are ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂĐƟŽŶͲƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘

dŚĞ hZ d // >ŽĐĂů ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ 'ƌŽƵƉ dŽŽůŬŝƚ͕ ƉϲϰͲϲϱ͘

/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞͬ /ŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ DĂƚƌŝǆ

DĞƚŚŽĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟƐĞ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ƚĂŬĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ͘ KŌĞŶ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ͘

dŚĞ hZ d // >ŽĐĂů ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ 'ƌŽƵƉ dŽŽůŬŝƚ͕ ƉϲϲͲϲϳ͘

TOOLS FOR PARTICIPATING IN PLANNING &ŽƌĞƐƚƌǇ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽŽůďŽǆ

ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ĨŽƌ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ h<ͲďĂƐĞĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚƌǇ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ƚŽŽůďŽǆ ŝƐ ĂŝŵĞĚ Ăƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ ŽĨ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚƐ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƵƐĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘

WƵďůŝĐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽŽůďŽǆ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ &ŽƌĞƐƚƌǇ ŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ website

ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ

dŚĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĂŶ ƚŽ ŽĨ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ƚŽ ĞŵƉůŽǇ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ ^ĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚ below.

ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

ŚĂƌĞƩĞ Žƌ ͛ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ ďǇ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͛ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ

ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ĐŽŵĞ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ͕ ĚĞůŝďĞƌĂƚĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƉůĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘

ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ dŽŽůŬŝƚ͘ tĞƐƚ >ŽƚŚŝĂŶ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ ϮϬϭϱ͕ Ɖϭϱ͘

ŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ũƵƌŝĞƐ

ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ŝƐ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͕ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞ ĐƌŽƐƐͲƐĞĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ǁŝĚĞƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ DƵĐŚ ůŝŬĞ Ă ũƵƌǇ ŝŶ Ă ůĞŐĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ ĂƐ Ă ŐƌŽƵƉ͕ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ ĚĞůŝďĞƌĂƚĞ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƵůƟŵĂƚĞůǇ ŵĂŬĞ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĂŶ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ͘

ĐƟǀĞ ĞŵŽĐƌĂĐǇ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ

WŚŽƚŽǀŽŝĐĞ

ĂŵĞƌĂƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ͘ dŚĞ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ǀŝƐƵĂů ŽďũĞĐƚƐ ŵĂŬĞƐ ŝƚ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ ĨŽƌ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƚŽ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞ͘

ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ dŽŽůďŽǆ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ͗ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ WŚŽƚŽǀŽŝĐĞ ŝŶ zŽƵƌ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ

WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƵĚŐĞƟŶŐ

ŝƚǇ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ ĚĞĐŝĚĞ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ƐƉĞŶĚ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ Ă ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ďƵĚŐĞƚ͘ ĞƐŝĚĞƐ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐǇ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŶŐ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƐƚƐ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ĐĂŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ empowerment.

WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌǇ ƵĚŐĞƟŶŐ WƌŽũĞĐƚ website

EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ 'ƌĞĞŶ WůĂŶƐ

ŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŽŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĂŶĚͬ Žƌ ƉůĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞ ůŝǀĂďůĞ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚƐ͘ ǆĂŵƉůĞƐ ƌĂŶŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŵŽƌĞ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů͕ ƚŽƉͲĚŽǁŶ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇͲůĞĚ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞŶ ŐŽ ĨŽƌ ĐŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶĐŝů approval.

,Žǁ ƚŽ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ǇŽƵƌ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ƉůĂŶ͘ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Aid. 'ƵŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ WůĂŶƐ ;EĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚƐ ůŝǀĞ͊Ϳ͘ Manitoba Government, 2002.

PPGIS

&Žƌ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ͗ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ tŝŬŝŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ;ĨƌĞĞͿ͕ ƌĐ'/^ ^ƚŽƌǇ DĂƉ ƌŽǁĚƐŽƵƌĐĞ΢ ĂƉƉ ;ůŝĐĞŶƐĞͲ ďĂƐĞĚͿ ĂŶĚ DĂƉƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ ;ƉĂŝĚ ƐƵďƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶͿ͘

tŝŬŝŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ƌĐ'/^ ^ƚŽƌǇ DĂƉ ƌŽǁĚƐŽƵƌĐĞ΢ DĂƉƟŽŶŶĂŝƌĞ

&Žƌ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚƐ͗ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ &ŝǆ DǇ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞ DǇ ŝƚǇ ;ďŽƚŚ ĨƌĞĞͿ͘

&ŝǆ DǇ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞ DǇ ŝƚǇ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

dϴ͗ &hE /E' dKK>^ E D , E/^D^ D d,K ͬ dKK>

t, d &KZ͍

&/E Khd DKZ

ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƉƵďůŝĐ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ

ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ƉĂǇ Ă ĨĞĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ƉƌŽĮƚ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĨŽƌ ƌƵŶŶŝŶŐ Ă ƉĂƌŬ ĐĂĨĠ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ Ă ůĞĂƐĞ Žƌ ůŝĐĞŶĐĞͿ͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ hƐĞ ŽĨ WƵďůŝĐ ^ƉĂĐĞƐ͘ ZĂŶĚǁŝĐŬ ŝƚǇ ŽƵŶĐŝů͕ Australia.

ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐ (BIDs)

ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐͲůĞĚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞůǇͲŽǁŶĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ Ă ŵĂũŽƌŝƚǇ ŽĨ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐ ;ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ůĂŶĚ ŽǁŶĞƌƐ Žƌ ƚĞŶĂŶƚƐͿ ĂŐƌĞĞŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƉĂǇ Ă ŵĞŵďĞƌ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͘ ZĞůĂƚĞĚ ŐƌĞĞŶŝŶŐ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ ĐĂŶ ƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐŽŽĚ ďƵƚ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇ ŵŽƟǀĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ value return to owners and investors, and should be ĚĞƉůŽǇĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĐĂƵƟŽŶ͕ ĂƐ ƚŚĞǇ ŵĂǇ ŐƌĂŶƚ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂƌǇ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ 'ƌĞĞŶ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŝŶ sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘ ZŽŐĞƌƐ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϮ͘

ŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ

^ƵĐŚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ůĂŶĚ ŽǁŶĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƚĞ ĨŽƌ ĂŶǇ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽŶ ƉƵďůŝĐ ŐŽŽĚƐ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ KīƐĞƚƐͿ͕ Žƌ ŽīĞƌŝŶŐ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ ƉůŽƚƐ ŽĨ ůĂŶĚ Žƌ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ĐŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ůĂŶĚ ŝĨ ƚŚĞǇ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ŝŶƚĞŶĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ŝƚ ŝŶ ůŝŶĞ ǁŝƚŚ ůŽĐĂů ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͛ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ KīƐĞƚƐ͘ UNDP 2016.

ZĂŝŶ ƚĂǆ

WĂŝĚ ďǇ Ă ůĂŶĚ ŽǁŶĞƌ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŽůƵŵĞ ŽĨ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ƌƵŶŽī ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇ͘

tĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌ ƚĂǆĞƐ͘ Kd 2001.

WĂǇŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ services (PES)

&ŝŶĂŶĐŝĂů ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ; ^^Ϳ ĂƌĞ ƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ^^ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ǁĂǇ ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂǆŝŵŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ ŽĨ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘

WĂǇŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ services. UNEP 2008.

WƵďůŝĐͲƉƌŝǀĂƚĞͲ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ;WWWͿ

>ŽĐĂů ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĂďůĞ ŵŽƌĞ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ͘ ǁŝŶͲ ǁŝŶͲƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ďŽƚŚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ ŝƐ ŬĞǇ ƚŽ Ă ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů WWW͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ ֻ Žǆ ϳ >ŽĚǌ͘

ŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂǁĂƌĚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ

>ŽĐĂů͕ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů͕ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ Žƌ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ŵĂǇ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚŽ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ h'/͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞƐ͗ ƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĂƉŝƚĂů ǁĂƌĚ 'ƌĞĞŶ &ůĂŐ ǁĂƌĚ

ŚĂƌŝƚǇ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ĨƵŶƌƵŶƐͿ

hŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶ ďǇ ŶŽŶͲƉƌŽĮƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ͛ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ ŽĨ ƉĂƌŬƐ͛ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ 'ůĂƐŐŽǁ ŝƚǇ ŽƵŶĐŝů͘ &ƌŝĞŶĚƐ ŽĨ 'ůĂƐŐŽǁ WĂƌŬƐ͘

^ƉŽŶƐŽƌƐŚŝƉ

ŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐ͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ Žƌ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ŵĂǇ ͛ĂĚŽƉƚ͛ ƚƌĞĞƐ Žƌ ŐƌĞĞŶ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ DŝůůŝŽŶ dƌĞĞƐ Ez ͘

'ƌĞĞŶ ďŽŶĚƐ

&ŝǆĞĚͲŝŶĐŽŵĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŽƌƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĨƵŶĚƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ďĂŶŬ ůŽĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĞůŝŐŝďůĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͕ Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ Žƌ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ĂīĞĐƚĞĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂĚĂƉƚ ƚŽ ŝƚ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ /ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĂůŝƟŽŶ ;'// Ϳ ďƌŝŶŐƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŽƌƐ͕ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ďĂŶŬƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ƚŚĞ ŇŽǁ ŽĨ ĐĂƉŝƚĂů ƚŽ ŐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͘

ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ 'ƌĞĞŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ /ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĂůŝƟŽŶ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

APPENDIX >ŝƐƚ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƐ

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS KEdZ/ hdKZ

&&/>/ d/KE

KEdZ/ hd/KE^ dK

ŶĚĞƌƐƐŽŶ͕ ƌŝŬ

ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ ^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĞŶƚĞƌ ;^Z Ϳ ^ƚŽĐŬŚŽůŵ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ

'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐ h'/ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ

ƌĂŶƋƵŝŶŚŽ͕ ƌŝƐƟŶĂ

ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ Ğϯ Ͳ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĂŶŐĞƐ͕ &ĂĐƵůĚĂĚĞ ĚĞ ŝġŶĐŝĂƐ ĚĞ >ŝƐďŽĂ ;&& h>Ϳ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ

ƌŝŶŬŵĞǇĞƌ͕ ĂŶŝĞů

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ŽĨ ĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞͬWůĂŶƚ ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĞƌůŝŶ ;dh Ϳ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

Žǆ ϲ

ĂƐƉĞƌƐĞŶ͕ KůĞ ,ũŽƌƚŚ

^ĞŶŝŽƌ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚ ĨŽƌ 'ĞŽǀŝĚĞŶƐŬĂď ŽŐ EĂƚƵƌĨŽƌǀĂůƚŶŝŶŐ͕ >ĂŶĚƐŬĂďƐĂƌŬŝƚĞŬƚƵƌ ŽŐ ƉůĂŶůčŐŶŝŶŐ Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Denmark

Žǆ ϯ

ŚĂƉŵĂŶ͕ ůĞĂŶŽƌ

ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ĚŝƚŽƌŝĂů͕ ůĂǇŽƵƚ͕ intro, Part A, C, D

ǀĞũŝđ͕ ZŽǌĂůŝũĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŝŽƚĞŚŶŝƓŬĂ ĨĂŬƵůƚĞƚĂ Univerza v Ljubljana (UL), Slovenia

^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϱ͕ ϴ

Davies, Clive

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ ŝƉĂƌƟŵĞŶƚŽ Ěŝ ^ĐŝĞŶǌĞ ŐƌŽͲ Ambientali e Territoriali (Di.S.A.A.T.) hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚă ĚĞŐůŝ ^ƚƵĚŝ Ěŝ Ăƌŝ ͚ ůĚŽ DŽƌŽ͛ ;hE/ Ϳ͕ /ƚĂůǇ

ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ

Delshammar, Tim

>ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚ Ăƚ ŝƚǇ ŽĨ DĂůŵƂ͕ ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ĂŶĚ WĂƌŬƐ Department, Sweden

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϭ

Ğ ĞůůŝƐ͕ zŽůĞ

ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ Ăƚ ŝƉĂƌƟŵĞŶƚŽ Ěŝ ^ĐŝĞŶǌĞ ŐƌŽͲ ŵďŝĞŶƚĂůŝ e Territoriali (Di.S.A.A.T.) hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚă ĚĞŐůŝ ^ƚƵĚŝ Ěŝ Ăƌŝ ͚ ůĚŽ DŽƌŽ͛ ;hE/ Ϳ͕ /ƚĂůǇ

ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Žǆ ϱ͕ Ϯ

ƌůǁĞŝŶ͕ ^ĂďƌŝŶĂ

^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ĚŝƚŽƌŝĂů͕ ůĂǇŽƵƚ ŽĨ &ŝĞůĚ dĞƐƚ sĞƌƐŝŽŶ ϭ͘Ϭ͕ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ Žǆ ϱ͕ ϲ

&ŽŚůŵĞŝƐƚĞƌ͕ ^ĂŶĚƌĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ĞĚŝƚŽƌŝĂů ŽĨ &ŝĞůĚ dĞƐƚ sĞƌƐŝŽŶ ϭ͘Ϭ

'ĞŶƟŶ͕ ^ĂŶĚƌĂ

dĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚ ĨŽƌ 'ĞŽǀŝĚĞŶƐŬĂď ŽŐ EĂƚƵƌĨŽƌǀĂůƚŶŝŶŐ͕ >ĂŶĚƐŬĂďƐĂƌŬŝƚĞŬƚƵƌ ŽŐ ƉůĂŶůčŐŶŝŶŐ Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Denmark

Žǆ ϯ

'ĞƌŽŚĄǌŝ͕ ǀĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ DĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ;DZ/Ϳ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ

^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϭ

,ĂŶƐĞŶ͕ ZŝĞŬĞ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ĞĚŝƚŽƌŝĂů͕ ůĂǇŽƵƚ ;ĂůƐŽ &ŝĞůĚ dĞƐƚ sĞƌƐŝŽŶ ϭ͘ϬͿ͕ WĂƌƚ ͕ ͕ ͕ DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͕ Žǆ ϯ͕ ϰ͕ ϰ͕ ϲ

<ƌŽŶĞŶďĞƌŐ͕ :ĂŬƵď

ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ &ĂĐƵůƚǇ ŽĨ ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐ ĂŶĚ ^ŽĐŝŽůŽŐǇ hŶŝǁĞƌƐǇƚĞƚ >ŽĚǌŬŝ ;h>K Ϳ͕ WŽůĂŶĚ

'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ Žǆ ϳ

>ĂĨŽƌƚĞǌǌĂ͕ ZĂīĂĞůĞ

^ĞŶŝŽƌ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌͬ ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ ŝƉĂƌƟŵĞŶƚŽ Ěŝ ^ĐŝĞŶǌĞ ŐƌŽͲ ŵďŝĞŶƚĂůŝ Ğ dĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂůŝ ; ŝ͘^͘ ͘ ͘d͘Ϳ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚă ĚĞŐůŝ ^ƚƵĚŝ Ěŝ Ăƌŝ ͚ ůĚŽ DŽƌŽ͛ ;hE/ Ϳ͕ /ƚĂůǇ

ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ

>Ƶǌ͕ ŶĂ ĂƚĂƌŝŶĂ

WŽƐƚͲĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ Ğϯ Ͳ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĂŶŐĞƐ͕ &ĂĐƵůĚĂĚĞ ĚĞ ŝġŶĐŝĂƐ ĚĞ >ŝƐďŽĂ ;&& h>Ϳ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ Žǆ ϭ͕ ϳ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

KEdZ/ hdKZ

&&/>/ d/KE

KEdZ/ hd/KE^ dK

EĂƐƚƌĂŶ͕ DŽũĐĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŶĞǁĂďůĞ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ŝŽƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů &ĂĐƵůƚǇ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ ;h>Ϳ͕ ^ůŽǀĞŶŝĂ

^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϱ

WĂƵůĞŝƚ͕ ^ƚĞƉŚĂŶ

WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ĞĚŝƚŽƌŝĂů͕ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ Žǆ Ϯ

WŝŶƚĂƌ͕ DĂƌŝŶĂ

WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ ŝŽƚĞŚŶŝƓŬĂ ĨĂŬƵůƚĞƚĂ Univerza v Ljubljana (UL), Slovenia

Žǆ ϱ

Rall, Emily

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ĞĚŝƚŽƌŝĂů͕ Part A, C, D, ^ŽĐŝĂů ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͕ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ^ŶĂƉƐŚŽƚ ϯ͕ ϭ͕ ϲ

ZŽůĨ͕ tĞƌŶĞƌ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ŚĂŝƌ ĨŽƌ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ >ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ DƵŶŝĐŚ ;dhDͿ͕ 'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ

ŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ŽŶŶĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕ Žǆ ϰ͕ Ϯ

^ĂŶƚŽƐ͕ ƌƚƵƌ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ Ğϯ Ͳ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĂŶŐĞƐ͕ &ĂĐƵůĚĂĚĞ ĚĞ ŝġŶĐŝĂƐ ĚĞ >ŝƐďŽĂ ;&& h>Ϳ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ 'ƌĞĞŶ ĐŽŶŽŵǇ͕ Žǆ ϱ

^ĂŶƚŽƐͲZĞŝƐ͕ Margarida

^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚŽƌ Ăƚ Ğϯ Ͳ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĂŶŐĞƐ͕ &ĂĐƵůĚĂĚĞ ĚĞ ŝġŶĐŝĂƐ ĚĞ >ŝƐďŽĂ ;&& h>Ϳ͕ WŽƌƚƵŐĂů

ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϭ

^ƚĂŚů KůĂĨƐƐŽŶ͕ ŶƚŽŶ

ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ Ăƚ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚ ĨŽƌ 'ĞŽǀŝĚĞŶƐŬĂď ŽŐ EĂƚƵƌĨŽƌǀĂůƚŶŝŶŐ͕ >ĂŶĚƐŬĂďƐĂƌŬŝƚĞŬƚƵƌ ŽŐ ƉůĂŶůčŐŶŝŶŐ Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Denmark

DƵůƟĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͕ Žǆ ϯ

^ǌĄƌĂǌ͕ >ƵĐĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ DĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ;DZ/Ϳ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ EŽǁ͗ /ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĞŶ ĨƂƌ ůĂŶĚƐŬĂƉƐĂƌŬŝƚĞŬƚƵƌ͕ ƉůĂŶĞƌŝŶŐ ŽĐŚ ĨƂƌǀĂůƚŶŝŶŐ͕ ^ǀĞƌŝŐĞƐ ůĂŶƚďƌƵŬƐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĞƚ ;^>hͿ͕ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ

/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ^ŽĐŝĂů ŽŚĞƐŝŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϭ͕ ϯ

dŽƐŝĐƐ͕ /ǀĄŶ

DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ Ăƚ DĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ;DZ/Ϳ͕ ,ƵŶŐĂƌǇ

^ŽĐŝĂů /ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ Žǆ ϲ͕ ϲ

sĂŶ ĚĞƌ :ĂŐƚ͕ ůĞǆĂŶĚĞƌ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ >ĂŶĚ hƐĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ 'ƌŽƵƉ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŽƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕ &ŽƌĞƐƚ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ;& Z Ϳ͕ hŶŝƚĞĚ <ŝŶŐĚŽŵ EŽǁ͗ ŽƉĞƌŶŝĐƵƐ /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ŽĨ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ hƚƌĞĐŚƚ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ dŚĞ EĞƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚƐ

Žǆ ϯ͕ ϰ͕ ϰ

sŝĞƌŝŬŬŽ͕ <ĂƟ

WŽƐƚͲĚŽĐƚŽƌĂů ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ ,ĞůƐŝŶŐŝŶ zůŝŽƉŝƐƚŽ ;h,Ϳ͕ &ŝŶůĂŶĚ

ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ Žǆ Ϯ

ĞůĞǌŶŝŬĂƌ͕ aƉĞůĂ

ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌ Ăƚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŐƌŽŶŽŵǇ͕ ŝŽƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů &ĂĐƵůƚǇ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ >ũƵďůũĂŶĂ ;h>Ϳ͕ ^ůŽǀĞŶŝĂ

Žǆ ϱ

URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING GUIDE

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