The Group Travel Leader March 2021 by The Group Travel Leader, Inc.

A COLLECTION OF LANDMARK BARS

SWANK Y & SWAMPY LOUISIANA

GROUP THE

TRAVEL LEADER

THUNDER

M E E T S M I S T AT

s l l a F d n a l r e b Cum U N ITE D STATE S

CIVI L RI G HTS

TRAI L 2021 TRAVEL GUIDE MARCH 2021

M6ake Waves2

in Myrtle Beach

Myrtle80Bea0.4chGroups.com 88.8998

With 60 miles of beautiful coastline, two state parks, and exciting venues offering diverse experiences, you’ll find no better place to bring your group together than in Myrtle Beach. Let our award-winning CVB staff help you plan your next event to meet today’s new safety standards.

Contact Sandy Haines at Sandy.Haines@VisitMyrtleBeach.com.

CONTENTS

GROUP TH E

TRAVEL LEADER

CHARTING THE EVOLUTION OF GROUP TR AVEL

COLU M NS

N EWS

6 Editor’s Marks

8 Family Matters

ON TH E COV E R

Known as “Niagara of the South,” Cumberland Falls is a natural wonder of southeastern Kentucky. Photo courtesy Kentucky Department of Tourism.

Signature Bars

Louisiana Spotlight

VOL 31 | ISSUE 3

FOOD & SPIRITS

ISSUE

A K EN T UC K Y SAMPLER Discover one-of-a-kind attractions and bourbon culture in the Bluegrass state.

K E LLY T Y N E R 888.253.0455

MAC T. LACY CHARLES A. PRESLEY BRIAN JEWELL HERBERT SPARROW DONIA SIMMONS KELLY TYNER

Founder and Publisher Partner VP & Executive Editor Senior Writer Creative Director VP, Sales & Marketing

KYLE ANDERSON ASHLEY RICKS ELIZA MYERS MELISSA RILEY CHRISTINE CLOUGH

kelly@grouptravelleader.com

Director of Advertising Sales Graphic Design & Circulation Associate Editor Accounting Manager Copy Editor

U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL TRAVEL GUIDE Follow this trail to learn incredible stories about America’s civil rights heroes.

The GROUP TRAVEL LEADER is published ten times a year by THE GROUP TRAVEL LEADER, Inc., 301 East High St., Lexington, Kentucky 40507, and is distributed free of charge to qualified group leaders who plan travel for groups of all ages and sizes. THE GROUP TRAVEL LEADER serves as the official magazine of GROUP TRAVEL FAMILY, the organization for traveling groups. All other travel suppliers, including tour operators, destinations, attractions, transportation companies, hotels, restaurants and other travel-related companies may subscribe to THE GROUP TRAVEL LEADER by sending a check for $59 for one year to: THE GROUP TRAVEL LEADER, Circulation Department, 301 East High St., Lexington, KY 40507. Phone (859) 2530455 or (859) 253-0503. Copyright THE GROUP TRAVEL LEADER, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of editorial or graphic content in any manner without the written consent of the publisher is prohibited.

RESTART YOUR MARKETING TO GROUP LEADERS AND TOUR OPERATORS IN 2021 APRIL Native American Guide Student Travel The Carolinas Florida Kansas Alabama Philadelphia MAY History & Heritage Birdwatching Georgia Tennessee California Missouri Oklahoma City

JUNE Along the Mississippi River Waterfront Destinations Presidential Sites Wisconsin South Carolina Los Angeles JULY/AUGUST Faith-Based Travel Live Theater Arkansas Iowa Oklahoma Pennsylvania The Smokies SEPTEMBER Buyers Guide Directory Arts & Culture Studio Tours Virginia Alaska St. Louis

OCTOBER America’s Heartland Kentucky Travel Guide Outdoors Beaches & Seashores Adventure Colorado Wyoming The Black Hills NOVEMBER/DECEMBER African-American Heritage Guide International Buyers Guide Cruising Gaming Indiana Texas Columbus, Ohio

CONTACT KELLY TYNER OR KYLE ANDERSON FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT DISCOUNTS ON PRINT & DIGITAL PACKAGES

888.253.0455 GTL-ADVERTISING.COM KELLY@GROUPTRAVELLEADER.COM

KYLE@GROUPTRAVELLEADER.COM

EDITOR’S MARKS

BY BRIAN JEWELL

nough is enough. I’m writing this column in February, the morning after the Canadian government announced it would ban cruise vessels from calling on its ports until early 2022. This decision will affect Canada some, but it will hurt the U.S. even more: Because of arcane maritime regulations, the vast majority of cruises departing from American ports must stop in a foreign country before the end of their scheduled voyages. This means Canada just canceled the Alaska cruise season for all of 2021. Alaska and its coastal destinations rely heavily on tourism. In a normal year, 1.2 million people visit Alaska on cruise ships. The economic impact of these visitors is hard to overstate. In 2020, that number dropped to zero. This year, though, the stage was set for a comeback. COVID-19 infections in the U.S. are plummeting. A widespread vaccination rollout should give hundreds of millions of Americans immunity by summertime, the height of the Alaska cruise season. And consumer surveys consistently show an incredible pent-up demand for travel. Now, though, thanks to fear-based thinking and political posturing in the Canadian government, that’s all in jeopardy. Under Canada’s new rules, Alaska will miss its second tourist season in a row. More businesses will close, and more workers will lose their jobs. The same is true in New England, which enjoys heavy cruise visitation during the fall foliage season. Those cruises must also stop in Canada. The policy is intended to keep visitors from spreading the coronavirus in Canada, but there are less disruptive ways to do that. Masking is already universally required in those places. Canada could also require incoming cruise visitors to test neg-

MARCH 2021

ative for COVID-19 before disembarking. They could even require visitors to show proof of vaccination, a measure the cruise lines are considering anyway. Instead, Canada chose to demonize travel and penalize the hardworking people who make it possible. Barring a reversal by the Canadian government, there’s just one way to salvage Alaska’s cruise season: U.S. authorities can issue waivers to cruise lines allowing them to sail to Alaska this year without stopping in a foreign port. Maybe by the time you read this, that will already have happened. If not, I encourage you to contact your representatives and urge them to support making that change. We’re now one year into this pandemic, and some 4.5 million travel and tourism jobs have been lost in America alone. Despite these challenges, the travel industry has implemented policies and procedures that have made tourism safe. Thousands of airline passengers fly every day without infecting each other. And intrepid leaders in popular American destinations have kept their cities and states safely open and busy throughout the summer and fall of 2020. Restricting travel won’t restrict COVID because the virus is already in virtually every community in the world. People get infected by spending time with others, unmasked, in homes and other private places. Travel has nothing to do with it. I love Canada, but I hate this policy. And it’s just the latest in a disastrous series of decisions from government leaders at every level and of every political persuasion that have unnecessarily crippled our industry. It’s time we bust the myth that travel spreads COVID-19. With common-sense precautions in place, it doesn’t. Enough is enough.

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

APPLY TODAY FOR THE FAMS YOU’D LIKE TO ATTEND!

Are you looking for new ideas in your old favorites or a new destination for your group to enjoy? Register for one of our 2021 FAMs to learn about these great destinations from the local experts. To apply for a chance to attend any of these complimentary FAMs, go to www.grouptravelleader.com/FAMs.

LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY

WITH THE GROUP TRAVEL LEADER

GALLUP, NEW MEXICO

MAY 19-21

AUGUST 2-6 We are partnering with Louisville Tourism to host a FAM to the Bourbon City where you’ll tour award-winning micro-distilleries and discover one-ofa-kind attractions like the Kentucky Derby Museum at legendary Churchill Downs, Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory and the Muhammad Ali Center.

LOUISIANA’S RIVER PARISHES

We are partnering with the City of Gallup to highlight this New Mexico hidden gem along Route 66. Gallup is THE destination for outdoor adventures, culture seekers, and art lovers. This is as real and authentic as it getsNative American Culture, steeped in tradition, and surrounded by some of the best outdoor recreation and trails.

ALABAMA

SEPTEMBER 2021 (DATES TBD)

FALL 2021 (DATES TBD)

Join us in Louisiana’s River Parishes just outside of New Orleans where you’ll enjoy the local cajun & creole cuisine, explore historic estates and take a airboat swamp tour of the local bayous.

We are working with Alabama Tourism Department to host a FAM showcasing Alabama’s Natural, Historic and Exciting Group Tour Wonders. Explore Birmingham, Huntsville, Muscle Shoals and DeSoto State Park and learn what Sweet Home Alabama has to offer your groups.

LOUISIANA’S NO MAN’S LAND OCTOBER 6-10, 2021

(RESCHEDULED FROM APRIL 2021)

We are partnering with Louisiana Tourism to showcase the best of Louisiana’s No Man’s Land region that includes Lake Charles, Natchitoches and DeRidder. You’ll tour the Creole Nature Trail, Melrose Plantation, Mardi Gras Museum of Imperial Calcasieu for a King Cake Demo & Tasting, casino resorts and much more.

GROUP THE

TRAVEL LEADER

If you have any questions, please contact Kelly Tyner at:

888-253-0455 KELLY@GROUPTRAVELLEADER.COM

FAMILY M AT T E R S

C L I N E ’ S R E S O LV E D R I V E S U . S . T O U R S F O R WA R D SALEM, Ohio — It may feel like a brave A U.S. Tours group stops for a photo new world, but the value and importance during a 2020 tour in Colorado. of group travel for personal fulfillment and community enrichment hasn’t gone away. After the pain suffered in 2020, America deserves — and is reaching for — a double dollop of Cajun joie de vivre, a big jigger of Tennessee moonshine, a heart-lifting stage show, the majesty of an ocean sunrise or the awe of a mountaintop sunset. People are yearning for moments that reawaken the senses that have been quarantined for a year. Nothing refreshes the human spirit more than travel, laughter and shared experiences. Bob Cline of US Tours has been on the leading edge of maintaining group travel and sees a tsunami of groups serving their members with travel as COVID-19 runs its course. of regulars who have been rolling with “While I respect the need for responsible her since July. travel after vaccinations,” Cline said, “with “Her travelers want to get out of the masks and appropriate cautions. I think the house,” Cline said. “While she can’t make time is here that we can again begin to disa profit with these low numbers, she can cover America and think about exploring at least build relationships with her custhe world. I’m convinced we will beat this tomer base.” pandemic, and so are many of our group Cline is constantly monitoring the leaders.” group travel temperature and has made Cline gave examples of fearless tour plannote of other groups pushing ahead with ners like Sherry Gren of Get Up ’n’ Go Tours travel plans. in South Carolina. Her first departure since Lois Bax of Central Bank Jefferson the pandemic started was July 13, 2020, and City, in Missouri, is another recognized she operated eight trips after that. Get Up leader in group travel. “I am excited that ’n’ Go has seven trips scheduled in the first BOB CLINE we now have 36 travelers ready to travel six months of 2021 and is still adding to the on the U.S. Tours Texas Riviera trip,” she second half of the year. “With a little caution said. “I have made a call to each traveler, and either they have and a lot of laughter, her groups averaging about 15 people just already received their first dose of the vaccine or have an appointkeep rolling,” Cline said. ment to receive their second shot this week. They are excited to As 2021 begins to unfold, Get Up ’n’ Go is starting to see get on the bus to travel this spring.” bigger numbers and the prospect of profits. Gren thinks that’s Randy Calaguas of Randy’s Adventures said, “I’m excited that because of vaccinations, positive news on TV and a small group

MARCH 2021

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

we have some safe yet adventurous travelers. We are visiting Costa Rica in February and Georgia and South Carolina in March. We have all agreed that we will adhere to all safety guidelines. Every one of my intrepid friends thinks it’s time to start getting out and living our lives again.” Cline also described a group leader in Georgia who has 25 vaccinated travelers visiting Indiana’s Amish Country but expressed concerns about services being open. When Cline asked Elkhart County CVB director of group sales Sonya Nash about COVID-19 protocols, she gave an interesting perspective. “The Amish didn’t shut down,” Nash said. “Their faith, as you can imagine, holds them strong. But they understand that groups from other areas might not be as comfortable. So they have been working with us on masking and social distancing. We’ve worked with each tour planner to understand their clients’ concerns, thoughts and interests regarding COVID. Then we customize a great experience.” It’s comforting to know there are a number of strong-willed individuals who understand the importance of group travel to the well-being of the human soul. It is the tip of the iceberg of people who value travel to great destinations with friends.

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

g n i r e Wat

HOLES

A bartender prepares a cocktail at Old Ebbitt Grill, a venerable after-work establishment in Washington, D.C. COURTESY OLD EBBITT GRILL

s ’ e i s t o o T

ORCHID LOUNGE

l l i M Green

t t i b b E Old GRILL

C O C K TA I L L O U N G E

MARCH 2021

COURTESY CHOOSE CHICAGO

FOOD & SPIRITS

ISSUE

HERE ARE A FEW BARS YOUR GROUP SHOULDN’T MISS

BY BRIAN JEWELL

COURTESY OLD EBBITT GRILL

COURTESY TOOTSIE’S ORCHID LOUNGE

our favorite brand of beer or bottle of wine may taste the same no matter where you drink it, but where you drink it definitely matters. For travelers who enjoy a pint, a pour or a cocktail, happy hour can be the highlight of a day on the road. And although there’s nothing wrong with taking a load off in a hotel bar, a better way to go is to visit a legendary local drinking establishment. At signature bars across the country, travelers can enjoy historic ambiance, handcrafted cocktails, live music and a sense of place unique to that destination. Here are a handful to keep on your radar as you plan adventures for your group of bon vivants.

Green Mill Cocktail Lounge C H I C AGO

Visiting Chicago today, you’ll see virtually no evidence of the infamous organized crime families that ran the city’s underworld a century ago. But at the Green Mill Cocktail Lounge in the city’s Uptown neighborhood, travelers can drink much like Al Capone once did. The Green Mill was first opened as Pop Morse’s Roadhouse in 1907, then renamed in 1910. Throughout the early years, it was frequented by actors and executives from nearby movie studios. Later on, during Prohibition and the heyday of the Chicago mob, the bar became a frequent haunt of Al Capone, whose favorite booth is still in the establishment. Hidden passages used to transport bootleg alcohol and evade police are still in the building as well. Today, the Green Mill is a popular spot for live jazz, with live music every night of the week. G R E E N M I L L JA Z Z .C O M

Tootsie’s Orchid Lounge N A S H V I LLE , TE N N ES S E E

If you’re a music fan, there’s a solid chance a trip to Nashville, Tennessee, is in your future. And if you enjoy a drink with your tunes, your visit might just include a stop at Tootsie’s Orchid Lounge. Directly across the street from the famed Ryman Auditorium, Tootsie’s is one of several legendary honky-tonks on Broadway in the city center. The lounge is named for Hattie Louise “Tootsie” Bess, who purchased the lounge in 1960. Over the years, she served numerous then-unknown customers who would go on to become major stars, including Kris Kristofferson, Faron Young and Willie Nelson. Today, the walls at Tootsie’s are lined with memorabilia and photos from the many notables who drank or played music there over the years. Groups that pay a visit can expect cold drink and high-quality live music seven days and nights a week. TO OT S I E S . N E T

Luckenbach, Texas

There’s only one place in America where the destination is synonymous with its signature bar: Luckenbach, Texas. Popularized by a Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson song in the 1970s, Luckenbach is a tiny town in the Texas Hill Country famous for the cold beer and live music served at its general store. Luckenbach was established as a trading post in 1849. That trading post grew to include a store and a dance hall that featured live country music every weekend, drawing visitors to the small community where “everybody is somebody.” Groups traveling the area can enjoy these festive weekend dances or even catch performances from regional and national artists who stop to play Luckenbach on their tours. The general store offers a full food menu and a variety of Luckenbach-branded merchandise. LU C K E N B AC H T E X A S .C O M

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

Saloon

NO. 10 BY CHADD COPPESS, COURTESY SD TOURISM

s ’ n i l l i McG OLDE ALE HOUSE

BY CHADD COPPESS, COURTESY SD TOURISM

Saloon No. 10

D E A DWO O D, S O UTH DA KOTA

Flora-Bama

PENSACOLA, FLORIDA/GULF SHORES, ALABAMA

Any decent oceanfront vacation destination in the United States is bound to have a good beach bar, but none is as unmistakable as the Flora-Bama. Opened in 1964, the Flora-Bama sits precisely on the state line in the spot where Pensacola, Florida, meets Gulf Shores, Alabama. Visitors can literally purchase a drink in one state and then walk a few steps to a table in the other state to sit down and enjoy it. While there, they’ll enjoy beautiful views of the white sands and emerald waters of the Gulf Coast, as well as a helping of live music. There’s plenty of space for groups to spread out at the Flora-Bama; the establishment features five bars and 40 restrooms. There’s also a full-service restaurant on-site. And while visitors can order just about any drink they like, the signature cocktail is the Bushwhacker, the house recipe for which is a closely guarded secret.

Walking through the streets of Deadwood, South Dakota, it’s easy to imagine the gunfights that once took place in this rough-and-tumble frontier town. But for the most immersive Wild West experience, travelers should plan a stop at Deadwood’s famous Saloon No. 10. For over 140 years, outlaws and travelers alike have sipped on whiskey and other drinks at Saloon No. 10. Notable patrons during the Wild West heyday included Doc Holliday, Buffalo Bill Cody, Wyatt Earp and Calamity Jane. The saloon was cemented in Western lore when lawman Wild Bill Hickok was assassinated during a poker game there in 1876. Today, Saloon No. 10 bills itself as “the only museum in the world with a bar.” In addition to sampling one of 171 whiskeys and taking in the antiques and artifacts lining the walls, visitors can enjoy historical reenactments and live gambling at the saloon. S A LO O N10.C O M

F LO R A B A M A .C O M

MARCH 2021

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

COURTESY MCGILLIN’S ALE HOUSE

a m a B Flora

A historic interpreter at Deadwood’s Saloon No. 10

COURTESY FLORA-BAMA

SALOON

Historical Iron Door Saloon G ROV E L A N D, C A LI FO R N IA

Most visitors to Groveland, California, come in search of outdoor experiences; the area is a gateway to the iconic Yosemite National Park. But once the sun goes down, many find their way to the Iron Door Saloon. Constructed in the early 1850s, the Iron Door Saloon is known as the oldest saloon in California. The building was constructed with solid granite blocks and features a namesake iron door. It became a saloon in 1896 and has been a popular watering hole for locals and visitors alike ever since. Customers stopping at the Iron Door today come for the drinks and the historic atmosphere. Bullet holes in the granite walls reflect the area’s storied past, and artwork and artifacts around the establishment pay homage to Yosemite’s stunning natural beauty.

COURTESY VISIT TUOLOMNE COUNTY

r o o D n o Ir

and Warren Harding stopped in for drinks and discussions at the Old Ebbitt Grille’s stand-around bar. Today, the Old Ebbitt Grille is still a popular afterwork stop for the capital’s who’s who. It’s also a great place for visitors to grab a drink, admire some memorabilia and enjoy some of the city’s best oysters. E B B I T T.C O M

McGillin’s Old Ale House PH I L A D E LPH IA

History is everywhere in Philadelphia, from Independence Hall to the Liberty Bell and dozens of other locations. History lovers and beer lovers visiting the city can keep the historic experience going during their downtime with a visit to McGillin’s Old Ale House. Beer taps began flowing at McGillin’s in 1860, not long after the Liberty Bell cracked, and the doors have been open ever since, making McGillin’s the oldest tavern in Philadelphia. It celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2010, which earned it coverage in dozens of national media outlets. Groups visiting McGillin’s can raise a glass to toast the nation’s history. The ale house makes a good stop for meals, too, offering a menu of classic American dishes, including the iconic Philadelphia Cheesesteak. M C G I L L I N S .C O M

I R O N D O O R S A LO O N .C O M

Old Ebbitt Grille WA S H I N GTO N

The scene is de rigueur in any political drama set in the nation’s capital: D.C. power brokers meet after hours in an upscale bar and quietly hammer out a solution to a seemingly intractable problem. This trope is a case of art imitating life, and the bars depicted are often inspired by the Old Ebbitt Grille. Founded in 1856, the Old Ebbitt Grille is Washington’s first known saloon. In its early days, the Ebbitt was a boardinghouse. Later, presidents such as Ulysses S. Grant, Andrew Johnson, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

S TAT E S P O T L I G H T

LOUISIANA

B y To m A d k i n s o n

ouisiana, every curve in the road and every bend in the river or bayou unveils something beautiful, memorable, tasty or fun. “Fun” is perhaps the most applicable word in Louisiana, but “tasty” runs a close second in a state with abundant natural resources, cooks taught only by their mamas, professional chefs and an affinity for the artistry of distillers and brewers. Groups can scoot all over the state and seldom worry about too much time on the road. In short order, you can be awed by stories of the lasting impact of World War II, learn how to mix a classic cocktail, come almost noseto-snout with an alligator, explore a utopian colony from the mid-1800s and visit a Chinese restaurant nationally recognized for its wine list. A fancy wine list at a Chinese restaurant? Don’t be surprised — this is Louisiana.

Opened in 1908, Alexandria’s 93-room Hotel Bentley is on the National Registry of Historic Places. COURTESY HOTEL BENTLEY

MARCH 2021

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

National WWII Museum

National World War II Museum COURTESY TUPELO CVB

Enjoying a Louisiana scenic byway

COURTESY NATIONAL WWII MUSEUM

POPULAR DEMAND UNDERSTANDING WORLD WAR II

New Orleans’ National World War II Museum was a hit from the day it opened in 2000 as the National D-Day Museum. Its stories from both overseas and at home continue to grow. It examines reasons for the war, how it was won and its meaning today. A major addition, Liberation Pavilion, will open in 2022 to explore the Holocaust and the postwar era. The museum’s 230-room Higgins Hotel opened in 2019.

COURTESY SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER CTB

BY TOM ADKINSON

EXPLORING THE SWAMPS

Exploring the bayou on a swamp tour BY TOM ADKINSON

Up-close with Louisiana wildlife

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

Swamp tours are among Louisiana’s most popular activities. Options abound, some just minutes from New Orleans. Groups can quickly get deep into a swamp ecosystem — technically a flooded forest — among moss-draped cypress trees and abundant wildlife. Pontoon boats are the norm, but you can burn some calories on a guided kayak trip. Cajun Pride Swamp Tours in LaPlace is set up for seafood boils, barbecue and other group meals after you paddle.

LEARNING ABOUT CAJUNS

Most of Louisiana wants to claim Cajun culture, but Lafayette is where to find the story firsthand of the exiled French Canadians who became Cajuns. Start at Vermilionville, a collection of 19 restored and reproduced buildings from 1765 to 1890, where you’ll meet Cajun musicians, crafters and even a bayou boat pilot. In Lafayette, Cajun Food Tours can sate your appetite, and Martin’s Accordions can enhance your musical knowledge.

COMMUNING WITH GATORS AND EGRETS

Among southwest Louisiana’s treasures is the 180-mile Creole Nature Trail All-American Road, one of only 43 byways with this designation. Make sure you have binoculars and cameras aplenty because alligators, egrets, roseate spoonbills, herons, turtles, otters and more are abundant. The terrain includes marshland, prairies and cypress swamps. Grosse Savanne Eco Tours is a respected group tour helper. The civilized amenities of Lake Charles are nearby.

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

UP AND COMING SAZERAC HOUSE

Even better than a cocktail in New Orleans is a cocktail history lesson. You get both at the Sazerac House, a $50 million museum, tour and event space that opened in 2019. The giant Sazerac company has hundreds of brands, but the goal here goes beyond product promotion. It’s a true education in cocktail lore and history. Learn when to shake and when to stir.

GREAT RIVER ROAD MUSEUM

The Great River Road Museum in Darrow opened in 2020 and complements Houmas House, one of Louisiana’s famous plantation houses. The museum focuses on the history of the mighty Mississippi River from Baton Rouge southward. Many displays almost come to life because of wax figures from a closed wax museum. It’s oh-so-Louisiana to see figures of two governors — Huey Long and Edwin Edwards — at a roulette table.

TRAVELING THE BOOM-OR-BUST BYWAY

Base in Shreveport-Bossier City to explore the Boomor-Bust Byway, a 136-mile route across four parishes that tickles the edge of Texas. Destinations include the Germantown Colony and Museum, a mid-1800s utopian settlement; Caddo Lake, the South’s largest natural freshwater lake; the Louisiana State Oil and Gas Museum; and Michael’s Men’s Store and Sporting Goods — yes, one stop for a suit, a necktie, camo, ammo and a fishing rod.

New Orleans’ Sazerac House museum

Hotel Monteleone in the French Quarter COURTESY SAZERAC HOUSE

COURTESY HOTEL MONTELEONE

R eal Flavor . R eal History. R eal Adventure.

MARCH 2021

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

O V E R N I G H T S E N S AT I O N S

Hotel Bentley

STAYING WITH FAMILY

For more than 135 years, the hospitality of the Monteleone family has been a mainstay of the New Orleans’ French Quarter at the Hotel Monteleone. This classic property sits at the foot of Royal Street, a strategic location to launch explorations of Jackson Square, Bourbon Street and the Riverwalk. And its 25-seat, circus-themed Carousel Bar is always a great place to enjoy a classic New Orleans cocktail.

ON THE LOUISIANA NORTHSHORE

Smaller groups fit nicely at the story-laden Southern Hotel in Covington in St. Tammany Parish on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain. The Southern dates to 1907 and, after various interruptions, reopened in 2014 as a polished boutique property. In one of its non-lodging periods, it was the parish courthouse, but that didn’t keep the property’s bar from closing — a true Louisiana story.

The Southern Hotel in St. Tammany Parish COURTESY HOTEL BENTLEY

COURTESY SOUTHERN HOTEL

Reconnect with friends on

LOUISIANA NORTHSHORE

St. Tammany Parish is located less than an hour from New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Southern charm and big-city amenities await you on Louisiana’s Northshore, where everyone is family. Bring your appetite for life and discover where New Orleans has come to play and get away for more than a century. 17 G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

GROUP #LANorthshore • 800-634-9443 • LouisianaNorthshore.com THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

FOOD & SPIRITS

ISSUE

MEMORABLE MEALS IN THE HEART OF LOUISIANA

There’s a gem in the heart of Louisiana: the 93-room Hotel Bentley in Alexandria. It opened in 1908 and is on the National Register of Historic Places. Like many properties, it had its ups and downs, but a multimillion-dollar restoration has it in top form. Alexandria was a significant troop training area in World War II, and top officers such as Dwight Eisenhower and George Patton stayed at the Bentley.

BATON ROUGE HISTORIC TRIO

Take your pick from three Baton Rouge hotels with great histories. Today’s Hilton Baton Rouge Capitol Center opened in 1927 as the Heidelberg; Gov. Huey Long had a suite there. Across the street, what is today the Indigo Hotel also opened in 1927 as the King Hotel. The nearby Watermark Hotel, another 1927 structure, was originally the Louisiana Trust and Savings Bank.

ROLLING ON THE ANDOUILLE TRAIL

Plenty of people know about boudin, but andouille is rising fast in fame and popularity. It’s a chunky German sausage with a French name that now has an official 34-stop Andouille Trail between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. Work with Louisiana’s River Parishes — lariverparishes.com — to pick locations for your group. Some trail stops are famous, such as Oak Alley Plantation, and one, Spuddy’s Cajun Foods in Vacherie, even offers cooking classes.

GHOSTS AND GOOD FOOD AT THE MYRTLES

The Myrtles Plantation near St. Francisville is known for an apparition named Chloe — the photo is very convincing — and other paranormal and tales, but food began gaining a reputation in 2019 when Restaurant 1796 opened. The name comes from the founding year of the house. Its focal point is a 10-foot wood-fired hearth, and most dishes have felt the fire — even a distinctive Caesar salad. Smaller groups may find lodging in a variety of suites and cottages.

CHINESE FOOD AND FINE WINE

The Myrtles Plantation COURTESY THE MYRTLES PLANTATION

Preparing a meal at the Myrtles

Sushi at Pat’s Rest Awhile BY DONNA O’DANIELS, COURTESY PAT’S REST AWHILE

MARCH 2021

COURTESY THE MYRTLES PLANTATION

Don’t judge the Lucky Palace in Bossier City by its, shall we say, unassuming exterior. Judge it for its gourmet Chinese menu and its highly praised list of more than 250 wines. Want verification? The Lucky Palace has an Award of Excellence from Wine Spectator and multiple semi-finalist acknowledgements from the James Beard Foundation for its wine program.

EAT AWHILE AT THE REST AWHILE

Chef Pat Gallagher, already successful with restaurants in Slidell, Mandeville and Covington, is helping save a piece of history in Old Mandeville with the decidedly casual Pat’s Rest Awhile. Built about 1890, the structure has been a hotel as well as a retreat for underprivileged single mothers, their children and orphans. Its latest incarnation thrives on seafood.

L O U I S I A N AT R AV E L . C O M

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

Imagine a wild time in New Orleans’ backyard.

Just next door to New Orleans, discover Jefferson Parish! Where a unique blend of wetlands and coastal experiences meets a metropolitan flare! From scenic bayou tours to historic districts, rustic venues, and creole cuisine, your authentic experience awaits! Jefferson Parish is a Clean & Safe Destination committed to the safety and well-being of our community and visitors. For more information visit www.visitjeffersonparish.com/pledge

W W W . V I S I TJ E F F E R S O N P A R I S H . C O M 5 0 4 . 7 3 1 . 7 0 8 3 | TO L L F R E E 1 . 8 7 7. 5 7 2 . 74 74

Kentu cky

SPEC I A L SEC T ION

One done AND

ONLY KENTUCKY OFFERS THESE STAR ATTRACTIONS

BY ROBIN ROENKER

entucky is known for horses, bourbon, basketball, bluegrass music and fried chicken. Few other states can lay claim to as many cultural touchstones or treat guests to as many signature bucket list experiences. From the excitement of Thoroughbred racing at one of the sport’s most hallowed venues to the natural wonders of Mammoth Cave or the thrill of viewing a moonbow, Kentucky has something for everyone. Here are just a few “Only in Kentucky” stops your group can enjoy on a tour through the Bluegrass State.

Visitors can try on imaginative hats at Louisville’s Kentucky Derby Museum

Chu rch i l l Dow n s LO U I S V I L L E

On the first Saturday in May, the eyes of the sporting world turn to Kentucky — specifically, to Churchill Downs in Louisville, home of the famed Kentucky Derby. Renowned for its pageantry, the storied horse race is a bucket list experience for many travelers across the country. It’s only on Derby Day, after all, that visitors can experience the crowd singalong of “My Old Kentucky Home,” watch as the famed blanket of roses is presented to the race winner and revel in the stylish hats and high fashion of fellow attendees. But even if you’re not able to attend the Derby, Churchill Downs merits a visit, particularly during live racing season, held on selected dates April through June and September through November. Group tours of the grounds and its history, including fun add-on experiences such as a jockey appearance, Derby hat-making or lessons on how to handicap a race, are available by reservation year-round. No stop is complete without a visit to the on-site Kentucky Derby Museum, open daily, where guests can learn about famous Derby winners like Secretariat and American Pharoah, as well as noted trainers and jockeys and the rich roles African Americans and women have played in horse racing. C H U R C H I L L D OW N S .C O M

MARCH 2021

PHOTOS COURTESY KY DEPT. OF TOURISM UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED

Ma m mot h Cave C AV E C I T Y

As the world’s longest known cave system, Mammoth Cave in central Kentucky has been named both a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. With more than 400 miles of explored passageways and more still left to be explored, Mammoth Cave is twice the size of the next-longest cave system, found in Mexico. The cave’s stunning formations have been wowing visitors for thousands of years. Evidence suggests that early Native Americans discovered and explored Mammoth Cave between 5000 and 2000 B.C. Modern, formal tours of the cave date to 1816, and the area became a designated national park in 1941. Today, park rangers lead an array of tour types through the cave, from easy, hourlong strolls past famed dripstone formations including Frozen Niagara to all-day “wild” adventures for guests wanting to crawl their way through some of the cave’s smallest passages. While in the area, groups can make the roughly 40-minute drive south to Bowling Green, Kentucky, home of the world’s only Corvette manufacturing center. The on-site National Corvette Museum, open daily, offers guided group tours. Tours of the assembly plant may return when the COVID-19 pandemic ends. N P S .G OV/ M AC A

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

Admiring Mammoth Cave

The Kentucky Derby

Horse racing at Churchill Downs

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

My Old Kentuck y Home B A R D S TOW N

Even out-of-staters readily recognize Kentucky’s state song, “My Old Kentucky Home,” written by Stephen Foster around 1852. Groups can tour the Federal-style mansion said to have inspired the song at My Old Kentucky Home State Park in Bardstown. There, guides in period costumes lead visitors through the lovingly restored residence, which is filled with furnishings and art from the 19th century, many original artifacts from the property. Group tours are available, as are special add-on experiences such as mint julep tasting, a picnic on the grounds or Southern biscuit-making. During the summer, groups can enjoy a live performance of “The Stephen Foster Story,” a long-running outdoor musical drama that celebrates Foster’s life and many of his most famous songs. This year,

Even out-of-staters readily recognize Kentucky’s state song, “My Old Kentucky Home,” written by Stephen Foster around 1852.

performances are slated to run on select dates between June 12 and August 14. After enjoying My Old Kentucky Home, groups can also experience the many central Kentucky stops along the Kentucky Bourbon Trail, including Bardstown Bourbon Company and Heaven Hill Distillery, both in Bardstown, and Maker’s Mark in nearby Loretto.

The Ark Encounter

V I S I T M YO L D K Y H O M E .C O M

COURTESY ARK ENCOUNTER

A rk Encou nt er W I L L I A M S TOW N

In Williamstown, roughly halfway between Cincinnati and Lexington, groups can explore a lifesize replica of Noah’s Ark built to specifications outlined in the Bible. At 510 feet long and 51 feet high, the ark includes three decks of explorable, interactive exhibits. Displays are meant to bring the Bible to life, with scenes depicting Noah and his family and how they may have lived and interacted with the animals on the ark. In addition to the exhibits, guests can enjoy live animal encounters at the Ark Encounter’s Ararat Ridge Zoo, plus daily video presentations, live speakers and, on selected dates, live musical concerts and other special events. Groups looking for outdoor adventure can add a zip-line experience at the on-site Screaming Eagle adventure course. Or they can opt for a combo ticket that allows for a visit to both the Ark Encounter and its sister attraction, the Creation Museum, located roughly 50 minutes away in Petersburg. A R K E N C O U N T E R .C O M

MARCH 2021

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

The moonbow at Cumberland Falls

Moon b ow at C u m b erla nd Fa l l s CORBIN

As one of only a handful of places on Earth that routinely produces a “moonbow,” also known as a lunar rainbow, Cumberland Falls in Corbin regularly attracts visitors from around the world. While the moonbow is visible only on clear nights with a full moon — see website for dates — Cumberland Falls State Resort Park is worth a visit any day of the year. Sometimes called the Niagara of the South, the 125-foot-wide falls drop nearly 70 feet into the picturesque Cumberland River below. Groups can take in the view from well-paved paths and designated lookouts or enjoy a stroll along 17 miles of wooded hiking trails at the park. For an unusual experience of the falls, book a Rainbow Mist Ride or a Moonbow Mist Ride through Sheltowee Trace Adventure Resort. The park also offers opportunities for fishing, horseback riding, camping and more. In addition to the park’s 25 rentable cabins, the resort’s historic DuPont Lodge features 51 rooms, many with panoramic views, plus an on-site full-service restaurant. PA R K S . K Y.G OV

My Old Kentucky Home State Park

SOCIAL DISTANCING BY NATURE.

A tour at My Old Kentucky Home in Bardstown

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

Kentu cky

SPEC I A L SEC T ION

build

YOU

KENTUCKY’S BOURBON SITES ARE BOOMING

A bartender mixes drinks at the Evan Williams Bourbon Experience in downtown Louisville.

BY ROBIN ROENKER

entucky’s bourbon scene is booming. In the past few years, many Kentucky distilleries have added new or expanded visitor experiences and innovative tour options, allowing guests to enjoy the state’s signature spirit in all-new ways. Whether you’ve enjoyed a bourbon tasting before or you’re planning your group’s first trip, there’s never been a better time to experience the warm, Southern hospitality of Kentucky’s world-famous distilleries.

FOOD & SPIRITS

ISSUE

Heaven H i l l Di st i l ler y B A R D S TOW N

COURTESY HEAVEN HILL

Heaven Hill Distillery in Bardstown is set to unveil a completely redesigned visitor experience early this summer. The new $18 million visitor center expansion will include three new tasting rooms, an educational space and theater, a new You Do Bourbon experience, a rooftop bar and a new restaurant: The Five Brothers Bar and Kitchen. Though much of the new visitor experience at Heaven Hill’s Bourbon Heritage Center will be self-guided, allowing guests to tailor the length of their visit to best fit their schedules, the You Do Bourbon experience features a guided tour by reservation that takes visitors on a deep dive into the distillation and bottling process. “Guests will learn about four products that are not on the market — which are truly only available here,” said Jeff Crowe, director of Heaven Hill visitor experiences. “They’ll get to taste and learn about these products, and at the end of the experience, visitors have the option of purchasing and bottling one of those products themselves. We’re pretty excited about the concept.” Heaven Hill also offers a Louisville-based visitor option, The Evan Williams Bourbon Experience, downtown on West Main Street. It, too, has expanded its visitor tour offerings. The new Ideal Bartender Experience, for example, includes a 45-minute presentation led by a costumed reenactor who portrays renowned pre-Prohibition bartender Tom Bullock. The Louisvillian is famed as the first Black American to publish a cocktail book. “You learn about Bullock and his life and taste the cocktail that he made famous,” Crowe said. H E AV E N H I L L D I S T I L L E RY.C O M

MARCH 2021

COURTESY BARDSTOWN BOURBON CO.

Wilderness Trail bourbons

Ba rd st ow n Bou rb on Compa ny B A R D S TOW N

Launched in the fall of 2019, the Visitors Center Experience at the Bardstown Bourbon Company goes beyond just an ordinary tour and tasting. “We call it the modern bourbon experience,” said Dan Callaway, vice president of hospitality and product development for the Bardstown Bourbon Company. “We have developed multiple opportunities that are different from a traditional tour. We try to make everything immersive and hands-on.” On the distillery’s popular From Distillate to Barrel Tour, guests can watch as their guides “thieve” bourbon straight from the barrel for a one-of-a kind sampling experience. Tour-adjacent opportunities include the brand-new Bourbon and Bites experience, where guests can enjoy special bourbon and food

COURTESY WILDERNESS TRAIL DISTILLERY

Wilderness Trail distiller Shane Baker

A guided tasting experience at Bulleit Distilling Co. COURTESY BULLEIT DISTILLING CO.

COURTESY WILDERNESS TRAIL DISTILLERY

pairings at the Bardstown Bourbon Company’s on-site restaurant, Kitchen and Bar. For groups that love do-it-yourself, the Shaken and Stirred craft cocktail class lets guests try their hand at crafting two signature Kentucky cocktails: the Old Fashioned and the Kentucky Mule. Aimed at true bourbon aficionados, the Taste of Bourbon History experience allows guests to taste a flight of rare vintage bourbons from among the distillery’s vintage whiskey library. “We want guests to enjoy multiple experiences and really celebrate bourbon with us,” Callaway said.

B A R D S TOW N B O U R B O N .C O M

Wi lder ness T ra i l Di st i l ler y DA N V I L L E

Bardstown Bourbon Co.

“We are now the 14th-largest bourbon distillery in the country,” — E M I LY TOA DV I N E , W I L D E R N E S S T R A I L D I S T I L L E RY

As a longtime member of the Kentucky Bourbon Trail Craft Tour, which is made up of smaller-production, artisan distillers, the Wilderness Trail Distillery “graduated” in 2020 to become the newest member of the Kentucky Bourbon Trail. Located in Danville and launched in 2012, Wilderness Trail prioritizes the science behind bourbon-making. Its co-owners, Shane Baker and Pat Heist, have rich distilling knowledge thanks to their first joint venture, Ferm Solutions, which has grown into one of the country’s leading providers of high-quality yeast strains for the distilled spirits industry. Production is booming at the distillery following a $10 million facilities expansion in 2018. “We are now the 14th-largest bourbon distillery in the country,” said Emily Toadvine, a brand marketer for Wilderness Trail. Though most Kentucky distilleries use a sour mash distilling process, Wilderness Trail uses a sweet mash formula sourced from local grains, which, the company believes, allows for more control over their bourbon’s flavor and finish. Wilderness Trail’s hourlong tour, offered Tuesday through Saturday six times daily, includes “a good up-close look at fermentation and distillation [and] a stop at the barrel house, and concludes with tasting,” Toadvine said. W I L D E R N E S S T R A I L D I S T I L L E RY.C O M

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

G R O U P T R AV E L L E A D E R . C O M

Bu l leit Di sti l l i n g Co. S H E L BY V I L L E

First opened to tours in 2019, the Bulleit Distilling Co. in Shelbyville lets visitors experience its family of high-rye bourbons and whiskeys in immersive, innovative ways. Its Unlocking the Senses: A Tasting Experience encourages guests to tap into their own unique bourbon-tasting powers. This 30-minute guided experience explores the various flavors, scents, colors and finishes that make up the Bulleit family of spirits. The Frontier Whiskey Experience tour, offered on Saturday and Sunday, features an in-depth, 40-minute guided tour of the grounds, plus a 15-minute tasting. Guests to the distillery will notice its commitment to sustainability, which includes the use of solar arrays on the grounds and propane-powered shuttled vans, and its embrace of technology, including interactive touch-screen panels that allow visitors to create their own, customized Bulleit bottle label. B U L L E I T.C O M

Horse Headquarters

Bourbon aging at Lux Row Distillers in Bardstown

Labeling a bourbon bottle at the new Bulleit Studio

– Equine Excursions – COURTESY KY DEPT. OF TOURISM

• Minutes from

the Kentucky Horse Park • Old Friends Thoroughbred

Retirement Farm • Whispering Woods Riding Stables • Keeneland Race Course

– Unbridled Fun – • Toyota Motor Manufacturing KY, Inc. Tour • Ward Hall • Country Boy Brewing • Bourbon 30 Spirits • Antique & Specialty Shops • Georgetown & Scott County Museum • Nearby Wineries and Bourbon Distilleries • Close proximity to the Ark Encounter

15 hotels + over 80 Restaurants

Right Off

INTERSTATE

www.GeorgetownKy.com 844.863.8600

COURTESY BULLEIT DISTILLING CO.

Lu x R ow Di sti l lers B A R D S TOW N

Located in Bardstown, Lux Row Distillers produces five distinct brands: Rebel Bourbon, Ezra Brooks, David Nicholson, Daviess County and Blood Oath. Opened on its current site in 2018, Lux Row represents one of the newest members of the Kentucky Bourbon Trail. The opportunity to sample a wide range of bourbons in one location — from the wheat-based Rebel Bourbon, with its notes of caramel and vanilla to the spicier, rye-heavy Blood Oath — sets Lux Row apart from many other sites on the Kentucky Bourbon Trail. The Lux Row Distillers Production Tour includes a 45-minute walking tour of the distillery, including the photo-worthy barrel warehouse, and ends with a 15-minute bourbon-tasting experience. For bourbon enthusiasts, the 90-minute Premium Experience tour offers a more in-depth look at the distillation process. Before departing, visitors can duck into the on-site retail shop to purchase bourbon products and branded merchandise. LU X R OW D I S T I L L E R S .C O M

MARCH 2021

GROUP THE

TR AVEL LE ADER

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVIL RIGHTS

TRAIL 2 0 2 1 T R AV E L G U I D E

CONTINUE THE JOURNEY.

FOLLOW THE TRAIL.

Walk in the footsteps of giants! ANNISTON

•

BIRMINGHAM

•

MONROEVILLE

•

MONTGOMERY

SCOTTSBORO

BIRMINGHAM ANNISTON TUSCALOOSA TUSKEGEE

SELMA MONTGOMERY MONROEVILLE

Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church

Montgomery

Kelly Ingram Park Birmingham

Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site Tuskegee

•

SCOTTSBORO

•

SELMA

•

TUSCALOOSA

he American Civil Rights Movement was forged in the streets of Alabama towns, from Birmingham and Scottsboro to Tuskegee and Selma. Visit Montgomery where Rosa Parks took a stand by keeping her seat. Then pay your respects to Black victims of racial lynching at the new National Memorial for Peace and Justice. In Selma, walk across the Edmund Pettus Bridge where voting-rights activists marched into history. Spend the night in the newly restored 1837 Saint James Hotel, now a Hilton. Other sacred places, from where Tuskegee Airmen took flight, to the Birmingham church where the Ku Klux Klan killed four little girls, to the courthouse in Harper Lee’s hometown of Monroeville, await your group. Be prepared to experience their remarkable stories. For information on Civil Rights travel experiences, tour companies contact Rosemary Judkins. Rosemary.Judkins@tourism.alabama.gov • 334-242-4493

•

TUSKEGEE

CONTENTS 6

A Civil Rights Timeline

U N ITE D STATE S

CIVI L RI G HTS

TRAI L 34

Social Justice Sites

F O L L OW I M P O R TA N T C I V I L R I G H T S E V E N T S F R O M 1 95 1 T O 1 9 6 8

Building Momentum CIVIL RIGHTS PIONEERS MADE THEIR MARK I N T H E S E I M P O R TA N T H I S T O R I C P L AC E S .

Lifetime of Learning

U. S . C I V I L R I G H T S T R A I L C O N T I N U E S T O G R OW I N I M PAC T D E S P I T E PA N D E M I C CONDITIONS.

Civil Rights Museums T H E S E C O L L E G E S A N D U N I V E R S I T I E S P L AY E D A P I VO TA L R O L E I N T H E C I V I L R I G H T S M OV E M E N T.

Community Pillars

THESE INSTITUTIONS HIGHLIGHT CIVIL RIGHTS ICONS AND UNSUNG HEROES ALIKE.

Landmark Decisions CH U RCH E S TH RO U G H O U T TH E SO U TH R A L L IE D TH E FAITH F U L IN TH E CAU S E O F CIV I L R I G HT S.

PUBLISH E D F O R

THESE COURTHOUSES WERE SITES OF P R E C E D E N T- S E T T I N G C I V I L R I G H T S CA S E S .

ON THE COVER: 4

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

3500 PIEDMONT RD. NE, STE. 210 ATLANTA, GA 30305 404-231-1790 WWW.CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

John Lewis fought for social justice from the early days of the civil rights movement until his death in 2020. Photo by Michael Avedon.

PUBLISHED BY

NICHE TRAVEL PUBLISHERS 301 EAST HIGH STREET LEXINGTON, KY 40507 888-253-0455 WWW.GROUPTRAVELLEADER.COM

TO ADVERTISE: KELLY@GROUPTRAVELLEADER.COM

See the birthplace of a dream. A humble testament to a mighty presence in American history, the childhood home of Martin Luther King Jr. sits at 501 Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. As the northernmost location of Georgia’s contribution to the Civil Rights Trail, it also serves as a great starting point for a hike through history. The Civil Rights Trail spans over 100 locations across 15 states and was officially recognized as a national landmark by the National Parks Service in 2018. With Georgia arguably at the epicenter of the Civil Rights movement, heroic moments that defined a state and a nation are memorialized here. From The King Center in Atlanta, to the Albany Civil Rights Institute down south, to Midway, Georgia where thousands of Civil Rights leaders were trained, there is no shortage of enriching tributes that preserve the past and inspire the future. Visit ExploreGeorgia.org/history-heritage today to chart your course along the Civil Rights Trail and walk in the footsteps of giants.

1951

CIVIL

WA L KO U T AT RO B E R T R U S SA M OTO N HIGH SCHOOL FA R M V I LLE , V I RGI N I A

1954

B ROW N V. B OA R D O F E D U CATI O N SU P RE M E C O U R T DEC ISI O N I L L EG A L I Z E S S C H O O L SEG REG AT I O N

1955

E M M E T T TI L L M U R D E R E D MON EY, M ISSISSI PPI

RIGHTS MOVEMENT

TIMELINE

RO SA PA R K S A R R E S T E D MON TG OM ERY, A LA BA M A

1956

B U S E S D E S E G R E G AT E D MON TG OM ERY, A LA BA M A

MANY THOUSAN DS OF PEOPLE CONTRIBUTED RIGHTS

1957

M A R TI N L U T H E R K I N G J R . L E A D S S O U T H E R N C H R I S TI A N L E A D E R S H I P CONFERENCE MON TG OM ERY, A LA BA M A C IV I L R I G H T S AC T O F 1 957 S I G N E D I N TO L AW BY PR E S I D E N T DW I G H T E I S E N H OW E R

MOVEM ENT

THE

CIVIL

WAY S

L A R G E A N D S M A L L , B UT N U M E R O U S H I G H - P R O F I L E E V E NT S F R O M 1 9 5 1 T O 1 9 6 8 G A LVA N I Z E D T H E N AT I O N . H E R E ’ S A T I M E L I N E O F T H E M A J O R M I L E STO N E S D U R I N G T H AT P E R I O D.

I N T E G R ATI O N AT C E N TR A L H I G H S C H O O L LIT T LE RO CK, A R K A NSA S

1964 1960

1961

L U N C H C O U N T E R S IT- I N S GR EENSBORO, NORT H CA ROLI NA

FREEDOM RIDES M O B S AT TAC K F RE E D O M R I DE RS I N VA RI O US S O U T H E RN C I T I E S

1962

U N IV E R S IT Y O F M I S S I S S I PPI D E S E G R E G AT E D OX FOR D, M ISSISSI PPI

1963

T H E B I R M I N G H A M CA M PA I G N BI R M I NGH A M, A LA BA M A MEDGAR EVERS MURDERED JACK SON, M ISSISSI PPI M A R C H O N WA S H I N GTO N WA SH I NGTON, D.C. B O M B I N G O F 1 6 T H S TR E E T B A P TI S T C H U R C H BI R M I NGH A M, A LA BA M A

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

1965

C IV I L R I G H T S AC T O F 1 9 6 4 S I G N E D I N TO L AW BY PR E S I D E N T LY N D O N B . JOHNSON “ B L O O DY S U N DAY ” O N T H E E D M U N D PE T T U S B R I D G E SELM A, A LA BA M A VOTI N G R I G H T S AC T S I G N E D I N TO L AW BY PR E S I D E N T LY N D O N B . JOHNSON

1968

M A R TI N L U T H E R K I N G J R . A S SA S S I N AT E D M EM PH IS, T EN N ESSEE C IV I L R I G H T S AC T O F 1 9 6 8 S I G N E D I N TO L AW BY PR E S I D E N T LY N D O N B . JOHNSON

e r u t u F the e g a r u o C n o t l i u B is

ter en tial Cen d si e r P n o Clin t

ock Nine Littl e R nt Monume

se ates Hou B y s i a D

em plars Mosaic T n ter l Ce Cultura

ARKANSAS.COM/GROUP-TRAVEL

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVI L RIGHTS

TRAI L

U.S. Civil Rights Trail rises with renewed significance Courtesy ADT

BY BR I A N JEW ELL

he U.S. Civil Rights Trail may be more important now than ever before. After a year of disease, racial tension, political turmoil and increasing polarization throughout society, America’s civil rights museums and historic sites offer much-needed inspiration. Their stories of unity, struggle and victory over adversity position them well for success in 2021 and beyond. “I think the unrest and the politics have made civil rights destinations more relevant than ever,” said Lee Sentell, director of the Alabama Tourism Department and chairman of the U.S. Civil Rights Trail Marketing Alliance. “People are going to come South in larger numbers because they want to understand how the United States handled race in the 1960s and learn from that.” Established in 2018, the U.S. Civil Rights Trail encompasses more than 120 historic sites and landmarks that were significant in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s. The trail stretches from Topeka, Kansas, site of the Brown v. Board of Education

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

THE CHAPEL AT TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY IS ONE OF MANY IMPORTANT SITES LISTED ON THE U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL.

National Historic Site, to places as far east as Wilmington, Delaware, and as far south as Sarasota, Florida. The marketing alliance that oversees the trail consists of representatives from 14 state tourism departments, as well as Destination D.C.; leaders from the National Park Service; and notable civil rights historians. Now entering its fourth year, the trail seems poised for growth, despite the difficulties of the past 12 months.

‘Widespread acceptance’

When the U.S. Civil Rights Trail launched in 2018, it received wide acclaim and a flurry of positive media coverage. It has added several notable sites in the years since then and continues to garner attention in the United States and abroad. “The widespread acceptance of the concept of the trail has been a pleasant surprise,”

A HEAVYWEIGHT STOP ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL

Civil Rights history is woven throughout the fabric of Louisville. Hear about the injustices faced by hometown heroes like Muhammad Ali or discover some of the untold stories of the Black jockeys who once dominated the the sport of horse racing. Louisville attractions offer a diverse array of experiences that uncover the city’s rich Black heritage. Learn more at GoToLouisville.com/Black-Heritage

Sentell said. “The great thing is that the Southern states were eager partners from the very beginning. We had interest from portions of other states, particularly Florida, that wanted to make sure their contributions were not overlooked. And as far west as Topeka, Kansas, is enthusiastic about being a partner.” The marketing alliance maintains an in-depth website — civilrightstrail.com — where visitors can browse an interactive map, see sites on the trail, hear oral histories from civil rights activists and plan their own trip itineraries. Much of the original photography and content from that website is also being packaged into a book. The marketing alliance is in talks with Hudson News, the airport bookstore chain, to distribute the book in airports. “We have a beautiful website, but people don’t look at websites unless they need particular details,” Sentell said, “so we’ve taken a lot of the best photos from the website and picked 14 cities that have the most civil rights destinations. We’ve summarized why those cities are significant in their own unique ways. Hudson News encouraged us to do the book, and they said it would sell very well.” Sentell also said the Alabama Tourism Department is in talks with Hudson about rebranding a bookstore at the Birmingham airport as the Civil Rights Trail Market. “It will carry Southern travel guides as well as biographies of civil rights leaders and histories of the civil rights movement from throughout the South, not just Alabama,” he said.

‘Anticipation is building’

Like travel destinations worldwide, the cities and states along the U.S. Civil Rights Trail were severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. But short-term restrictions haven’t curtailed long-term interest in civil rights tourism. “Travel has been slowed by the pandemic, but that just means anticipation is building,” Sentell said. “The New York Times Journeys department is now marketing a six-night civil rights tour into the Deep South. The Smithsonian Institution, in cooperation with the African American Museum of History and Culture, is also marketing a six-day tour. And two of the biggest international tour companies — Trafalgar Travel and Abercrombie and Kent — are planning arrivals in October. “When you have major international companies that are

Travelers planning a trip on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail can find all the latest news about civil rights sites and events at:

WWW.CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

SOUTH CAROLINA’S BENJAMIN MAYS HISTORIC SITE TELLS THE STORY OF “THE FATHER OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.”

Courtesy Discover South Carolina

talking to local receptive operators about a significant number on the books for 2022 and 2023, that’s a very encouraging sign,” Sentell said. Those indications from tour operators align with other signals that tourism officials are picking up from abroad. Sentell reported that America’s civil rights history is a chief area of interest among prospective European travelers, along with American food and music. “Five years ago, civil rights would not have been on that list,” he said. Anticipation is also building around new attractions and sites that could be added to the U.S. Civil Rights Trail in the coming year or two. “There are sites in the pipeline, even places I was not familiar with,” Sentell said. “Within a year or so, the new International African American Museum in Charleston, South Carolina, will be open.”

‘It could happen in two years’

Concurrent with the development of the U.S. Civil Rights Trail has been an effort to have some of its most important places inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This designation would bring a new level of international attention to America’s civil rights stories. UNESCO’s nomination and inscription process can be very slow, but Sentell believes things are still on track. “When we started this process, someone told me it would take 10 years,” he said. “Now, I’m starting to believe them.” The nomination, which is being spearheaded by a team at Georgia State University, will probably include about a dozen key civil rights sites. World Heritage Sites are selected by a committee of representatives from 21 nations, and each nation can make only one nomination a year. There is one other American destination ahead of the civil rights destinations on the U.S. nomination list. The pandemic has slowed the UNESCO committee’s work, but there is still potential for the inscription to take place relatively soon. “It could happen in two years,” Sentell said. “UNESCO didn’t have a meeting last year. They usually meet in July. So they’re discussing having last year’s meeting this year in June, and then the 2021 meeting would happen in July, right behind it.”

Longing to immerse yourself in history that shaped the nation? Mississippi offers a first-hand account. Infamous events that opened the eyes of the world. Courageous leaders willing to fight for freedom and justice. Marches and rallies against fear and toward equality. A trail to gain a deeper understanding of the people, places and events that fueled the movement. And a museum dedicated to encompassing it all - from tragedy to triumph. Ready to journey through Mississippi’s civil rights history? Start planning your historical adventure at visitmississippi.org.

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVIL RIGHTS

TRAIL

OPENED IN 2017, THE MUSEUM OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY AND THE MISSISSIPPI CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM COVER TURBULENT TIMES FROM SLAVERY THROUGH THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA. 14

Museums offer proof of a painful past BY LYSA A LLM A N-BA LDW IN

emembering, honoring, educating, shaping the future: These are the hallmarks of today’s civil rights museums. Dotted across the country, each one immerses visitors in somber yet enlightening one-of-a-kind experiences, with treasure troves of artifacts,

oral histories and more. Illuminating this nation’s unfathomable suffering, significant individual and collective achievements, and groundbreaking legislative victories, the following five museums on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail share an unwavering commitment to documenting and shaping the continued struggle for equality and freedom. On the U.S. Civil Rights Trail, museums embody efforts to preserve all of that past — from slavery through the civil rights movement to current struggles for equal rights — and retell it for the betterment of our future.

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Courtesy MDAH

Scottsboro Boys Museum and Cultural Center SCOTTSBORO, ALABAMA Housed in the former home of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church of Scottsboro — built by former slaves in the late 1800s — the Scottsboro Boys Museum and Cultural Center shares the story of one of America’s gravest miscarriages of justice. Here, in 1931, nine boys ages 13 to 19 were falsely accused of a raping S COTTS BO RO two white women on a train traveling through the area. In keeping with the unjust Jim Crow Laws of the South at that time, they were swiftly convicted and sentenced to death by electrocution. For the next seven years, the case dragged through the Alabama and U.S. supreme courts as people nationwide rallied against angry white mobs, the inequitable legal system and incredible odds to reverse the verdict and exonerate the boys. As one Courtesy ATD of the country’s pivotal civil rights cases, it is believed to be the inspiration behind Harper Lee’s novel “To Kill a Mockingbird.” “For the most part, this story is not taught in schools,” said Sheila Washington, founder of the museum. “[However] here in Jackson County, there is some mention of it in the city schools. National Voting Rights Museum and Institute As the museum and its story have become more SELMA, ALABAMA well-known, we’ve been getting a lot of tour groups, including college students and lots of people planning family reunions in the area.” After two centuries of oppression and disenfranchisement, the Voting The museum features exhibits, photos and Rights Act of 1965 gave African Americans sweeping voting rights at memorabilia of the old church, the nearby railroad local and state levels. station and courthouse trials, plus china, potAchieving these voting rights was the goal of the 54-mile Selma tery, glass bottles and other artifacts that once to Montgomery March in 1965, during which the initial efforts by the belonged to the African Americans who resided peaceful protestors attempting to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge ended in the former shotgun houses behind the church. in a vicious attack by law enforcement, earning that day the nickname SCOTTSBOROBOYSMUSEUM.ORG Bloody Sunday. The story of that historic march, which culminated a few weeks later on the steps of the Alabama State Capitol, and the social, political, and cultural challenges and triumphs since that time are chronicled at Selma’s National Voting Rights Museum and Institute. Here visitors will find a wide array of state-of-the-art exhibits that feature artifacts, memorabilia and other media chronicling America’s VOTI N G R I G HTS long-standing voting rights struggle, particularly as it relates to the civil rights movement throughout the South. This includes the successful reelection defeat, sparked by close to 7,000 newly registered Dallas County African Americans, of Sheriff James Gardner Clark Jr., who was responsible for the violent attacks at the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Living-history projects, community forums, first-person accounts from volunteer guides who lived through the struggle and special tours are also part of the experience. NVRMI.COM

BOYS

MUSEUM

NATIO NAL

MUSEUM

Courtesy Marshall Selma/Dallas Co. COC Courtesy University

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

STATE &

LOCAL TRAI LS

GEORGIA FOOTSTEPS OF DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. TRAIL

he Georgia Footsteps of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Trail was launched in 2018 as part of the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of King’s death. Designed to commemorate and celebrate the life, work and legacy of this civil rights icon, the trail also aims to educate and inspire those who embark upon it to better understand the civil rights movement in the state. There are 28 stops along the trail, most of which are in Atlanta, King’s former home. Here you will find several markers at entities in the Sweet Auburn Historic District. They include the Big Bethel A.M.E. Church; Rush Memorial Congregational Church; the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change; Ebenezer Baptist Church; the Apex Museum, located in the historic Atlanta School Book Depository; and, of course, the King Birth Home, among others.

Other trail markers in Atlanta include Rush Memorial Congregational Church, South-View Cemetery, the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum, and Atlanta University Center’s Robert W. Woodruff Library. Peppered across the state there’s Floyd Chapel Baptist Church in Stockbridge; Rocky Mount Baptist Church in Rex; Prince Hall Masonic Temple in Columbus; the Dorchester Academy and Museum in Midway; the Albany Civil Rights Institute and Shiloh Baptist Church in Albany; First African Baptist Church and the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum in Savannah; and the Martin Luther King Jr. Monument Park and First African Baptist Church in Dublin.

EXPLOREGEORGIA.ORG/BROCHURES/ GEORGIAS-FOOTSTEPS-OF-MLK-JR-TRAIL

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Mississippi Civil Rights Museum and the Museum of Mississippi History JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI In the capital city of Jackson, two sister museums help tell the story of the civil rights movement in Mississippi. The Mississippi Civil Rights Museum and the Museum of Mississippi History opened in 2017 to coincide with the state’s bicentennial. They are bookends around the turbulent times from slavery to Jim Crow to the civil rights movement and cover overall state history. “Mississippi’s story is America’s story,” said Cindy Gardner, museum division director for the Mississippi Department of Archives and History. “In both museums, we present rich and complex stories that illustrate Photos courtesy MDAH how our shared past influences our future together. These museums have built credibility with all segments of a nation that is still very divided by race. To inspire conversation and consideration, museum visitors will hear the words of Mississippians from all walks of life as they discuss the progress our state has made since the civil rights era and the At the Museum of Mississippi History, visitors are immersed in challenges that remain.” state-of-the art gallery spaces, captivating oral stories from people who Focusing on the period of 1945 to 1976, the helped shape the state and educational programming that imparts a Mississippi Civil Rights Museum encompasses sense of the full story of Mississippi’s past, both inspiring and grievous. eight interactive galleries that highlight the Together the museums provide an immersive museum experience strength and sacrifices of Mississippians who gave where visitors can come curious and leave courageous, pointing the way their lives to the freedom struggle, with a closer to a future of truth and reconciliation. focus on the murders of 14-year-old Emmett Till MCRM.MDAH.MS.GOV and civil rights activist and NAACP Mississippi MMH.MDAH.MS.GOV field secretary Medgar Evers.

A MISSISSIPPI CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM PHOTO COLLAGE

A SEGREGATION EXHIBIT AT THE MISSISSIPPI CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

MISSISSIPPI CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM AND THE MUSEUM OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORY

MISSISSIPPI CIVIL RIGHTS

MUSEUM

RE UNITE

D O O F T A E R G H T I W

“You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it’s right.” — ROSA PA R KS

CIVIL RIGHTS STORIES IN MISSISSIPPI

From connecting with history at the African American Museum and the Civil Rights Trail to feeding your cravings with delicious bites MISSISSIPPI CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM

at Black-owned restaurants, you can experience Baton Rouge through the rich culture that makes the city so great. Discover flavorful meals, historical attractions and more at

By Chris Grainger, courtesy AL Tourism Dept.

visitbatonrouge.com/explore/ black-history

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

International Civil Rights Center and Museum GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

INTERNATIONAL

CIVIL RIGHTS

On February 1, 1960, four Black college students from the Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race, now North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University — N.C. A&T University, challenged the segregationist establishment by staging a nonviolent sit-in at a whites-only lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. This is only the beginning of the story at the International Civil Rights Center and Museum. A National Historical Landmark and International Site of Conscience, the museum is inside a former F.W. Woolworth Co. building and five-anddime store. And that first sit-in was not a spur-of-the-moment incident. “It is very important in understanding the civil rights movement and the sit-in movement of that earlier day to realize how strategic the Courtesy National Trust for Historic Preservation leaders were in their planning and how disciplined they carefully practiced to be in their demonstrations for societal change,” said Will Harris, principal scholar at the International Civil Rights Center and students, their action was backed by several months of planning with Museum. “In Greensboro, even though the young women colleagues at Bennett College, and they were joined by initiation of the Woolworth’s lunch-counter hundreds of other [Black and white] protesters who persisted over a sit-ins is celebrated as the brave action of four period of six months before the lunch counter was integrated.” That persistence sparked the nationwide sit-in movement that encompassed an estimated 70,000 protesters in 14 states. The effort served as a major catalyst in the civil rights movement and resulted in the integration of all the national F.W. Woolworth Co. stores. Among other elements, visitors will see the original lunch counter seats that, according to Harris, represent not just a simple gathering of a large number of people making demands for things to be different, but also a symbol of progress toward racial inclusion. SITINMOVEMENT.ORG

CENTER

“Get in good trouble, necessary trouble, and help redeem the soul of

INTERNATIONAL

CIVIL RIGHTS

Courtesy USCRT

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

CENTER

America.” — JOHN LEW IS

VIRGINIA KENTUCKY MISSOURI

Nashville

Clinton NORTH CAROLINA

ARKANSAS

Memphis SOUTH CAROLINA MISSISSIPPI

ALABAMA

GEORGIA

The U.S. Civil Rights Trail is a collection of churches, courthouses, schools, museums and landmarks that played a pivotal role in advancing social justice in the ‘40s, ‘50s and ‘60s. Tennessee’s 12 stops tell the stories of the brave people who, through peaceful protests and legal actions, fought for their civil rights.

Tennessee sites Clayborn Temple MEMPHIS

Civil Rights Room at the Nashville Public Library NASHVILLE

Historic Beale Street District MEMPHIS

Clark Memorial United Methodist Church NASHVILLE

Mason Temple Church of God in Christ MEMPHIS

Davidson County Courthouse and the Witness Walls NASHVILLE

National Civil Rights Museum at the Lorraine Motel MEMPHIS

Fisk University NASHVILLE

WDIA Radio Station MEMPHIS

Griggs Hall at American Baptist College NASHVILLE

Clinton 12 Statue and Green McAdoo Cultural Center CLINTON

Woolworth on 5th NASHVILLE

National Civil Rights Museum at the Lorraine Motel MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE

NATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS

MUSEUM

Inside the former Lorraine Motel, the National Civil Rights Museum is far more than the place where Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated April 4, 1968; it represents an integral part of the cultural fabric and music history of Memphis rarely told in schools or books. Originally the Windsor Hotel in 1925, it was renamed 20 years later as the Marquette Hotel. That same year, African American businessman Walter Bailey purchased it and renamed it the Lorraine Hotel, a loving tribute to his wife, Loree, and to the song “Sweet Lorraine” recorded by Nat King Cole. At that time, the hotel also housed the Baileys’ residence and a cafe. The couple added new floors, buildings By Andrea Zucker, courtesy Memphis Tourism and rooms to convert it into a motel. During segregation, it was among the few places available to Black travelers and soon became a premier, upscale lodging destination and event venue for prominent musicians, songwriters, sports legends and community leaders, Black and white. King was among the frequent guests. “The National Civil Rights Museum chronicles the American civil As one of the premier cultural museums rights movement from 1619 to the present and the world in transition in the country, the museum’s global impact because of it,” said Connie Dyson, marketing communications manis undeniable. ager at the museum. “Through interactive and immersive historic and contemporary exhibits from slavery to Black Power, from voting rights to immigration to gun violence, from Jim Crow to Dr. King’s last days at the Lorraine Motel, the museum examines civil and human rights issues then and now. Visitors also get to know some civil rights upstanders whose names and stories they did not know — men and women who recognized something was wrong and made it their life’s work to make it right.” CIVILRIGHTSMUSEUM.ORG

NATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM AT THE LORRAINE MOTEL By David Meany, courtesy Memphis Tourism

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Courtesy Brand USA

SUN STUDIO IN MEMPHIS

DISCOVER AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY IN SOUTH CAROLINA Explore compelling stories of African-Americans in the Palmetto State with the Green Book of South Carolina at GreenBookofSC.com. This new online travel guide serves as a directory to more than 300 culturally and historically GreenBookofSC.com significant sites, including museums, markers, districts, churches, cemeteries schools and more. Together, these places illustrate the African-American legacy in South Carolina – from colonialism and civil rights to triumphs in the arts, science and technology. Each entry comes with a summary of its historic significance, travel directions to the site and opportunities to share your experience on social media.

B E GIN YOUR JOUR N EY AT B lackHistory SC. com

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVIL RIGHTS

TRAIL

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

THE SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOUSE IN COLUMBIA WAS THE SITE OF NUMEROUS CIVIL RIGHTS LAWSUITS AND DEMONSTRATIONS.

Courtrooms marked the journeys to equality BY LYSA A LLM A N-BA LDW IN

Courtesy Discover South Carolina

uring the turbulent segregationist period of our country there were two sets of laws. The first was “the rule of law,” defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as “the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power.” But there was another set of laws in action: the Jim Crow laws of the South. These legalized racial, segregationist statutes set by local and state governing bodies were designed to marginalize and deny basic human rights to people of color. The latter resulted in untold fear, violence and death. Yet justice was eventually served in the hallowed halls of America’s CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM historic courts and statehouses. Here are five sites on the United States Civil Rights Trail where important legal victories were won.

Elbert P. Tuttle U.S. Court of Appeals Building ATLANTA

NASHVILLE’S WITNESS WALLS

Completed in 1910, the Elbert P. Tuttle U.S. Court of Appeals Building was originally constructed as a combination U.S. Post Office and courthouse, the latter hearing cases in the Fifth Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals along with another courtroom located in New Orleans. Built in a Second Renaissance Revival style, listed in the National Register of Historic Places and part of the Fairlie-Poplar Historic District, it became the site of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in 1981. Among the things that make this site so significant is its namesake, Judge Elbert P. Tuttle, the chief judge of the 5th Circuit Court who eventually served here until his death in 1996. Tuttle and three other judges were nicknamed “The 5th Four” — a nod to their position on this court responsible for the lion’s share of the civil rights case appeals By Walter Hood, courtesy Metro Nashville Arts Commission in Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas and Florida. The judges earned this moniker for their commitment to honesty, racial equality and justice under the law, which bucked the segregationist political and social environments of Davidson County Courthouse and Witness Walls the day in many parts of the country, particular in the South. Their rulings encompassed job NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE discrimination, voter registration and implementation of the Supreme Court’s landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision. It’s perhaps fitting that the Davidson County Courthouse, now known Tuttle, who was also awarded the Presidential as the Historic Metro Courthouse, sits only a few blocks from Fifth Medal of Freedom, and the other judges have Avenue, the site of many nonviolent lunch counter sit-ins implemented gone down in history as some of the most influby Black students from the four area predominantly Black universities: ential in helping the civil rights movement retain Meharry Medical College, American Baptist Theological Seminary, its momentum, strength and impact. Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial, and Fisk University. Still an active courthouse, the building “Before the first sit-in took place in Greensboro, North Carolina, is open to the public. For information about on February 1, 1960, intensive planning was already underway in group visits, contact the Atlanta Convention Nashville,” said Anne-Leslie Owens, public art project manager for and Visitors Bureau. the Metro Nashville Arts Commission. “In 1958, following the formation DISCOVERATLANTA.COM

ELBERT P. TUTTLE

U.S. COURT OF

APPEALS DAVIDSON

COUNTY Courtesy USGSA

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

COURTHOUSE

Courtesy Metro Nashville Arts Commission

DAVIDSON COUNTY COURTHOUSE

if you’re big

on civil rights,

you’re big on little rock.

Courtesy Metro Nashville Arts Commission

of the Nashville Christian Leadership Conference by the Kelly Miller Smith Sr. of First Baptist Church, Capitol Hill and others, Nashville’s African American leaders and students devised an attack on Jim Crow segregation, making purchases in downtown stores and staging ‘test sit-ins’ in unsuccessful attempts to desegregate the lunch counters.” Built with Indiana limestone and featuring Classical and Art Deco details, the courthouse is where city leadership was confronted about the bombing of the home of civil rights attorney Z. Alexander Looby, the desegregation of public accommodations and the overall immorality of racism and segregation across the city, state and country. In Public Square Park on the west side of the courthouse, Witness Walls is a moving artistic tribute to the people of Nashville who came together and took action against all forms of racism. Every day at 10 minutes before the hour from sunrise to sunset, music reminiscent of what one might have heard on the radio in Nashville in the 1950s and 1960s wafts through the air, providing a backdrop that connects visitors with the powerful emotions and feelings around the struggle for civil rights. METROARTSNASHVILLE.COM/WITNESS-WALLS

“What the people want is very simple — they want an America as good as its promise.” — BA R BA R A JOR DA N

.com Ad paid for with State and Heart of Arkansas funds.

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM 27 testament: the little rock nine monument

STATE &

LOUISVILLE DOWNTOWN CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL

LOCAL TRAI LS

enowned African American sculptor Ed Hamilton created all 11 of the historical markers on the Louisville Downtown Civil Rights Trail. Placing the markers around downtown is significant in that it was here, primarily along the Fourth Street Corridor, that the majority of the city’s eateries, shops and department stores, entertainment venues and theaters were located. As was common during the 1950s and 1960s, Blacks were either denied entrance or horribly mistreated when patronizing these businesses. The efforts against this outright exclusion and discrimination included campaigns to unseat unscrupulous city leaders, protest marches, sit-ins, mass student demonstrations and other pushes for civil rights actions. Opened to the public in 2013, 50 years after the passage of the local public accommodations law, which made it unlawful for anyone to be refused service in a public place because of race, color, religion or national origin, the trail encompasses markers placed where there were once office build-

Shine Light on the Power of Courage.

ings, hotels, department stores, theaters and other businesses. Although some still exist, over the decades many have been relocated, closed down or demolished. The trail markers also share the story of the numerous African Americans who played significant roles in the effort to end racism and segregation in Louisville. Perhaps the most high-profile location along the trail is the Muhammad Ali Center, dedicated to the life and legacy of this global sports icon, humanitarian, philanthropist and native Louisville son.

LOUISVILLE.EDU/ARTSANDSCIENCES/ DECC/CIVIL-RIGHTS-MARKERS

Explore the movement that changed the nation—and the people behind it.

222 North Street, Jackson mscivilrightsmuseum.com

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

MUHAMMAD ALI CENTER

LOUISVILLE DOWNTOWN CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL

SEELBACH HOTEL Courtesy Louisville Tourism

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Tallahatchie County Courthouse SUMNER, MISSISSIPPI August 28, 1955, saw one of the most brutal, heinous acts in our country’s history: the murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till. On that day, his body was mutilated almost beyond recognition as punishment for reportedly making a pass at a white woman, becoming another unfortunate symbol of the depth and cruelty perpetuated against people of color and supported by the segregationist laws of the South. The Tallahatchie County courtroom where the “not guilty” verdict from the all-white jury was announced after only about an hour of deliberation has been restored to how it appeared during the trial in 1955, offering visitors a glimpse into the past from various vantage points. “This trial, though brief in duration, was a clear indication of conditions in Mississippi and all over the South during the Jim Crow era,” said Photos by Ashleigh Coleman Benjamin Saulsberry, museum director at the Emmett Till Interpretive Center. “Our visitors are often engaged in dialogue concerning our past and present as it relates to race, racism and racial reconciliation, and our buildings and structures from our past draw interest from around the state, across the country and around the can be restored and reused as places for learnworld. In addition to guided or self-exploratory tours of the courthouse ing and healing. Specifically, the center uses and interpretive center, visitors can also embark on guided off-site arts and storytelling to help process past pain tours by appointment and are encouraged to download the Emmett and to imagine new ways of moving forward.” Till Memory Project app, which provides historical context for the Founded to tell the story of the Till tragedy off-site locations. and to point a way toward racial healing, the EMMETT-TILL.ORG courthouse and interpretive center continue to

EMMETT TILL INTERPRETIVE

CENTER

TALLAHATCHIE COUNTY COURTHOUSE, SITE OF THE EMMETT TILL INTERPRETIVE CENTER

EMMETT TILL INTERPRETIVE CENTER AT THE TALLAHATCHIE COUNTY COURTHOUSE

TALLAHATCHIE

COUNTY

COURTHOUSE

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

UNION STATION, KANSAS CITY

VIEWS WORTH THE WAIT. With destinations like this, it’s no surprise Missouri is a major stop for group tours. For help planning a future trip, contact Ashley Sneed of the Missouri Division of Tourism at Ashley.Sneed@ded.mo.gov

U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals NEW ORLEANS When the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals first convened in 1891, it was located in New Orleans’ famed Customs House, serving as the home for numerous circuit courts located in six Southern states. In 1980, as a result of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Reorganization Act, the court was divided into the Fifth Circuit, encompassing Texas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and the Eleventh Circuit, located in Atlanta, responsible for Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Today, the Fifth Circuit Court, located in the John Minor Wisdom U.S. Court of Appeals Building and named after one of the 5th Four, is CIRCUIT COURT OF listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Visitors can walk the halls of this stunning Italian Renaissance Revival-style structure where many noteworthy civil rights movement cases took place. Among them was the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision that opened the Photos courtesy U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals door for 6-year-old Ruby Bridges to become the first Black student to integrate New Orleans’ William Frantz Elementary in 1960. Johnson v. Stevenson and Van Orden v. Perry are just a South Carolina State House couple of the other significant cases that took place here. The building remains an active COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA courthouse and is open to the public. CA5.USCOURTS.GOV Originally completed in 1907 and extensively renovated in the late 1990s, the South Carolina State House is a historic landmark where many people employed strategies and tools to effect change and enhance democracy during the civil rights movement, not just in Columbia but “Press forward at all times, climbing across the state. Historic events here include an ultimately successful 1954 federal forward toward that higher ground lawsuit filed by Sarah Mae Flemming, who, some 17 months before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus, was assaulted by a bus of the harmonious society that shapes driver who refused to allow her to sit near the “Whites Only” section. Several years later, in March 1961, scores of protestors marched to the laws of man to the laws of God.” the State House from the Zion Baptist Church, resulting in the arrest of approximately 200 people by police who overtly denied their right — A DA M CL AY TON POW ELL , JR . of assembly. “The pursuit of justice and peace has never been easy,” said Bobby Donaldson, director of the Center for Civil Rights History and Research at the University of South Carolina. “Our state’s history shows the long arc of the struggle for freedom and the full rights of citizenship by thousands of women, men and school students; from Emancipation and Reconstruction through the long decades of legal segregation in the early 20th century, the Great Depression and World War II, then landmark victories in the modern civil rights era and beyond.” Adjacent to the State House is an extraordinary monument created by renowned sculptor Ed Dwight. It chronicles the journey from West SOUTH CAROLINA Africa through the Middle Passage to the Modern Era and stands as a testament to the many contributions, actions and overall history of African Americans in South Carolina. COLUMBIASC63.COM

U.S. FIFTH

APPEALS

STATE

HOUSE

Photos courtesy Discover South Carolina

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Capitol Square | Richmond, Virginia

“It seemed like reaching for the moon.” Welcome to the Birthplace of the Student Civil Rights Movement. Where students led the charge for change. virginia.org/blackhistory

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVIL RIGHTS

TRAIL

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

ALABAMA’S TUSKEGEE AIRMEN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE CELEBRATES COURAGEOUS AFRICAN AMERICAN PILOTS WHO TRAINED THERE DURING WORLD WAR II.

Barricades gave way as social justice prevailed BY LYSA A LLM A N-BA LDW IN

or any society to thrive, all its citizens must have fair access to housing, employment, health care, political representation and other necessities of life. During the civil rights movement, leaders fought for African Americans to enjoy the same rights as others in these critical areas of public life. The following are five sites on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail that honor major achievements in social justice and some of the prominent figures who helped bring them to pass. Social justice is demanded through coordinated campaigns and passionate protests, but it is also accomplished in small deeds and everyday goodness. Numerous sites on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail tell the stories of people who took a stand for justice in the face of opposition. CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM By Art Meripol, courtesy ADT

Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Preservation District TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN

NATIONAL

Located at historic Moton Field, which is named after Robert R. Moton, the second president of Tuskegee University, formerly Tuskegee Institute, the Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site celebrates the more than 1,000 courageous African American pilots who received basic flight instruction there. After World War I, African Americans were denied the right to enlist as military pilots. The decision was based on a study by the U.S. Army War College that concluded that African Americans were physically and mentally inferior in the ability to master the skills and aptitudes needed. “As World War II brewed in Europe, this study was challenged and proven completely wrong when the Civilian Pilot Training Program By Art Meripol, courtesy ADT began training pilots for military service at Moton Field,” said Ron Grissom, supervisory park ranger. “The first African American military pilots emerged from this experiment, battling not only Nazis and fighting for and supporting a nation that did not consider them equals, fascists in Europe in a hot war, but also segreputting their lives in jeopardy for a largely unappreciative country.” gation and racism in the Jim Crow South and Two hangars on this historic site house exhibits of training aircraft audio America as a whole. It was ironic that they were interviews with Tuskegee Airmen, interpretive text and video, and other memorabilia. Through these exhibits and daily Tarmac Talks, visitors learn that those involved in what was called the Tuskegee Experience were more than pilots. They included hundreds of men and women of many races who served as technicians, parachute riggers, meteorologists, mechanics, radio operators, dispatchers, bombardiers, medical personnel, MARTIN LUTHER KING and cooks and in other positions. All told, an estimated 15,000-plus individuals made significant contributions to the war effort there, together solidifying the Tuskegee Airmen legacy forever in the annals of history. NPS.GOV/TUAI

HISTORIC SITE

NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK

Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Park ATLANTA

Courtesy NPS

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Attracting approximately 800,000 visitors a year, the 70-acre Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Park is like none other, encompassing numerous structures and entities that played pivotal roles in the history of African Americans in Atlanta and the rest of Georgia during the civil rights movement. “The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historical Park preserves and protects and interprets for the benefit, inspiration and education of present and future generations the places where Martin Luther King Jr. was born, where he lived, worked and worshiped, and where he is buried,” said Rebecca Karcher, chief of interpretation and education. The guest experience begins at the visitor center, which features an array of exhibits that detail significant moments of the civil rights movement. Next comes a ranger-led tour of King’s birth home, where he lived until age 12.

A MONUMENT AT TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY

Courtesy ATD

“Excellence knows no color. Excellence knows no religion. Excellence is what you’re able to do with your skills that you have. And the more we recognize that, the better we are as a country.” — ROSCOE BROW N, T USK EGEE A IR M A N

E X P LO R E

MUHAMMAD ALI’S

PLACE IN HISTORY The Muhammad Ali Center in Louisville, Kentucky is proud to join the U.S. Civil Rights Trail, a collection of notable landmarks in the Southern states that played a pivotal role in advancing social justice during the Civil Rights Movement.

2½ levels of award-winning exhibits! For more information go to: alicenter.org or civilrightstrail.com

502.584.9254 | 144 N. 6th St. | Louisville, KY Courtesy NPS

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. BIRTHPLACE

#AliCenter

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

ALABAMA STATE CAPITOL

By Tim Goode, courtesy ADT

Self-guided experiences include the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church where King was baptized and spent his first church-going and co-pastoral years with his father; the Prince Hall Masonic Temple and Tabor Building, the headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and where King served as president; and the Fire Station No. 6 Museum, which imparts the history of the desegregation of the Atlanta Fire Department. The King Center for Nonviolent Social Change carries on King’s legacy of nonviolent movement for justice, equality and peace and is also the final resting place of King and his wife. There is also the “I Have a Dream” World Peace Rose Garden; the Behold Monument created in honor of King’s moral courage and nobility of spirit; and the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame, which features the footprints of various warriors of the civil rights movement such as Ralph Abernathy, Julian Bond, Thurgood Marshall, Medgar Evers, Hosea Williams and Rosa Parks. NPS.GOV/MALU

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

SELMA TO MONTGOMERY NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL

any people are aware of the historic 1965 march for voting rights from Selma to Montgomery led by a fiery 25-year-old activist and future U.S. congressman named John Lewis. When the peaceful protestors attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge on March 7, they were viciously attacked by law enforcement. That day earned the nickname Bloody Sunday. What the history books don’t often reveal are the stories behind the pivotal stops along the 54-mile journey that began once again on March 21. Those stories are highlighted on Alabama’s Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail. Along the way were four campsites. The David Hall Farm, the first stop, approximately seven miles in, provided tents, medical attention, volunteer security guards and meals for the marchers. The Rosie Steele Property belonged to its namesake, a Black filling station and grocery store owner who offered her property as a place of respite for the night. Upon arrival at the Robert Gardner Farm, the marchers ate meals provided by students from Tuskegee Institute.

STATE &

LOCAL TRAI LS

And by the time they reached the City of St. Jude campsite, the group of 600 protestors had swelled to well over 12,000 people. On March 25, the marchers arrived in Montgomery at the Alabama State Capitol. Here, the crowd, estimated at somewhere between 25,000 and 50,000 people, heard speeches by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and other influential civil rights leaders. As a result of the extraordinary efforts, time and energy of a great many people — Blacks, whites and others — the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law a few months later.

WWW.NPS.GOV/PLACES/ SELMA-TO-MONTGOMERY-NATIONALHISTORIC-TRAIL.HTM

travel a trail that changed the path of our entire country.

North Carolina is filled with many paths but only one U.S. Civil Rights Trail. Immerse your next group in the historical significance NC played in the fight for American civil rights. Visit F.W. Woolworth’s lunch counter, the catalyst for the sit-in movement, and other historical locations in our state.

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM Photo Credits: Keenan Hairston and Visit Raleigh

Whitney M. Young Birthplace LINCOLN RIDGE, KENTUCKY From meager beginnings in a small Kentucky town to being honored with the Medal of Freedom, the story of civil rights leader Whitney M. Young Jr. is one of passion, determination and unwavering dedication to furthering the rights of people of color. On the campus of today’s Whitney M. Young Jr. Job Corps Center, which began as the Lincoln Institute, the Whitney M. Young Birthplace comprises two entities. The wooden, two-story home where Young was born and lived until age 15 serves as an interpretative center; it features photographs and memorabilia detailing his life and legacy. The Lincoln Institute Alumni Center depicts the history of the former, prominent WHITNEY YOUNG MEETING WITH PRESIDENT KENNEDY boarding school for African American high school students founded by Berea College that Courtesy the Lincoln Foundation operated until 1966. Whitney Young Sr. spent nearly 50 years on campus as a student, instructor and the institute’s first Black president. The junior Young graduated as valedictorian in 1937. “Shelby County and the state of Kentucky are extremely proud of their native son,” said the Lincoln Foundation. “As one of the Big Six leaders of the civil rights Paula Campbell, director of development for movement, Whitney Young Jr. spent his life fighting to end employment

WHITNEY M.

YOUNG Courtesy the Lincoln Foundation

BIRTHPLACE

Shelley House ST. LOUIS

“Every man is our brother, and every

HAYTI HERITAGE

man’s burden is our own. Where

poverty exists, all are poorer. Where

CENTER

hate flourishes, all are corrupted.

Where injustice reins, all areOFunequal.” A GRADUATION PHOTO MEMPHIS TENNESSEE GARRISON

— W HI TN EY M. YOUNG Courtesy Marshall University

and educational inequality, had the ear of three presidents and was instrumental in ensuring the success of the historic March on Washington and for creating [President Lyndon] Johnson’s domestic Marshall Plan. Unfortunately, he is one of the unsung heroes of the civil rights movement and, as such, is not a household name like Martin Luther King Jr. Nor is he taught in schools, even in Kentucky. Visitors leave realizing his importance and the significant contributions he made in support of the movement.” March 11, 2021, marks the 50th anniversary of Young’s death, and July 31, 2021, is the 100th anniversary of his birth. NPS.GOV/PLACES/ KENTUCKY-WHITNEY-M-YOUNG-JR-BIRTHPLACE.HTM

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

From the time the first African slaves were brought to the American Colonies, brutal, segregationist, unlawful and politically motivated practices were used against them and their descendants. Among them was a restrictive racial covenant whereby property owners agreed to sell only to Caucasians. In St. Louis, J.D. and Ethel Shelley and their children, who had previously left the segregated South in search of a better life, wanted to secure a home of their own. They found one and challenged the racial covenant, and the property owner ultimately agreed to sell to them. After the purchase was made, a nearby owner sued in state court to prevent finalization of the sale and lost the case. On appeal, the ruling was reversed by the Missouri Supreme Court.

A C i v i l Wa r b at t l e g r o u n d. N o w a p e a c e f u l r e t r e at.

Stroll Harpers Ferry and hear the echoes of a town with a fascinating living history. This quaint retreat in eastern West Virginia is an oﬃcial destination along the Civil Rights Trail. Feel free to explore every part of its small-town charm when the time is right.

WVtourism.com

Harpers Ferry

Not willing to accept being denied the right to live wherever they choose, the Shelleys filed an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court in Shelley v. Kraemer. There, on May 3, 1948, the initial state ruling was upheld on the grounds of the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause, and they won the right to keep their home. Although the home is now a private residence and not open for tours, it still stands as a decades-old symbol and strong beacon of hope that African Americans can indeed prevail in a court of law against systematic racial inequality and injustices. NPS.GOV/PLACES/MISSOURI-THE-SHELLEY-HOUSE-L.HTM

THE SHELLEY

HOUSE

“The way I see it, it was a good thing that we done this

Courtesy MO Historical Society

case. We was the first ones to live where they said colored Elizabeth Harden Gilmore House

couldn’t live.”

CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA — J.D. SHELLEY

ELIZABETH HARDEN GILMORE

HOUSE Courtesy WVCAAAC

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

In a time when the contributions of Black women were devalued, Elizabeth Harden Gilmore did more than break through the glass ceiling. Her life and legacy are honored at the namesake National Park Service Elizabeth Harden Gilmore House in Charleston, West Virginia. Born in in 1909, Gilmore was a savvy business leader, a staunch civil rights advocate and an overall champion of the disenfranchised. Her list of accomplishments is impressive: She co-founded the local chapter of the Congress for Racial Equality, played a significant role in the upholding of the Fair Housing Act, formed a women’s club responsible for opening Charleston’s first integrated day care center, spearheaded a successful lunch counter sit-in campaign and served on a higher education board of regents, among other accomplishments. Gilmore spent almost four decades in this home until her death in 1986. This 1900 home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Harden and Harden Funeral Home once operated there, as well as the J.E. Scott Funeral Home until the mid-1990s. It is currently unoccupied, and the property has been for sale for many years, yet its history is still significant. “I believe the home attracted public viewing because of its historic style — a two-and-a-half-story structure with four two-story columns and five bays [and] said to be of the Classical Revival period,” said Anthony Kinzer Sr. of the West Virginia Center for African American Art and Culture. “The future use of the Harden Gilmore Home will depend upon new ownership.” NPS.GOV/PLACES/ WEST-VIRGINIA-ELIZABETH-HARDEN-GILMORE.HTM

Ordinary People. Extraordinary Courage. A Singular Focus. The Civil Rights Movement was a lightning bolt in the history of our nation forged through the efforts and sacrifice of thousands of individuals, many of whom we’ll never know. But with the U.S. Civil Rights Trail in Kentucky, we’re shining a light on a number of the stories, people and events that not only changed Kentucky, but forever changed the country. We invite you to explore Whitney Young’s birthplace, Lincoln Hall at Berea College, Louisville’s downtown Civil Rights Trail and the Muhammad Ali Center, and to visit the SEEK Museum in Russellville.

kentuckytourism.com

SEEK Museum, Russellville

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVIL RIGHTS

TRAIL

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

DELAWARE’S HOWARD HIGH SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY WAS THE FIRST SCHOOL IN THE REGION TO OFFER BLACK STUDENTS A FULL HIGH-SCHOOL EDUCATION.

Education was the wellspring for equality BY LYSA A LLM A N-BA LDW IN

rom the Deep South to our nation’s Northern borders, Western shores, middle plains and former Eastern settlements, Segregation has had a profound effect on the education of Black and brown children for centuries. “Separate but not equal” was not just a catchphrase; it was an agonizing, daily way of life. Despite this, the efforts of many courageous students, parents, educators, legislators and ordinary citizens contributed to the end of this unjust division, reshaping future learning opportunities for all children for decades to follow. These six educational institutions on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail were among those that helped pave the way.

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM Courtesy NCCVTSD

Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS

LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL

NATIONAL

In Little Rock, Arkansas, the Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site is where the Little Rock Nine became the first African American students to integrate the school amidst a yearlong turbulent backdrop of angry protests, verbal harassment, physical threats and daily armed protection from federal troops. But those nationally broadcast events were only part of the story. “So much more happened after the 1958-59 school year,” said David Kilton, chief of interpretation at the historic site. “There is something called the Lost Year, where the governor put out to vote whether to continue with integration or close the schools. Those that could voted for the latter, so for an entire year all of the high schools within the district were closed.” Although the students’ admission was called an integration, it was really Courtesy NPS a desegregation. “Full integration,” Kilton said, “where there was a balanced ratio of student body, educators and administrators within the district, didn’t happen until the 1970s.” Howard High School of Technology Built in 1927, the school features a stunning combination of Collegiate Gothic and Art Deco WILMINGTON, DELAWARE styles extending nearly two city blocks and holds the distinction as the only National Park Service Originally founded in 1867 as Public School No. 16 and later renamed site with an active public school as the main in honor of Civil War Gen. Oliver Otis Howard, Howard High School of feature. Visitors will see a replica of the bench Technology has been at its current location since 1927. It was the only where one of the Little Rock Nine sought shelinstitution in the Delaware, southeast Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey ter when initially turned away by the National and northeastern Maryland areas to offer Black students a full high school Guard; a commemorative garden dedicated to the education. school’s alumni; and across the street, seven priIn the 1952 lawsuit Belton v. Gebhart, the parents of 12 students were vately owned homes where protestors, the media represented as the former in pursuit of the right to enroll their children and others congregated on the lawns during the in a local all-white high school instead of at Howard, nine miles away. unrest. These homes will soon be restored to Not often taught in schools today, this is important because the lawsuit appear as they did in the 1950s. was one of five under the umbrella of the landmark Brown v. Board of NPS.GOV/CHSC Education U.S. Supreme Court decision that found racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. “Howard has rightfully earned its place in our nation’s Civil Rights history for more than 150 years,” said Joseph Jones, superintendent of the New Castle County Vocational Technical School District. “By telling the full story of the combined cases that led to the decision, we uncover the true struggle of our nation’s civil rights journey community by community.” Designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2005, Howard High is still an active school and is currently not open for tours. However, there is legislation underway to include it as a National Park Service-affiliated area, after which efforts will begin in earnest to create visitor and special programming experiences. HOWARD.NCCVT.K12.DE.US

HISTORIC SITE

HOWARD HIGH

SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY Courtesy NCCVTSD

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

STATE &

LOCAL TRAI LS

NORTH CAROLINA CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL

everal locations in North Carolina became major launching pads in the fight for racial equality and justice for women and people of color throughout the civil rights movement. From large cities to small rural towns, a great many citizens stepped up to the plate, creating their own place in history for generations to follow. Excitement abounds around the North Carolina Civil Rights Trail, which is now in the midst of a rollout that will last until 2023. During this time, 50 historical markers will be placed across the state to commemorate the groundbreaking events that took place, as well as the people involved in the movement. Leading the initiative is the North Carolina African American Heritage Commission, in partnership with the International Civil Rights Center and Museum, the North Carolina Office of Archives and History, and Visit North Carolina.

The trail is much more than a general tracing of notable civil rights movement locations, events and activists. It is being designed to provide extensive and comprehensive insights into and between both well-known and unsung communities across the state, as well as to those connected to the overall history of the movement nationally. When the trail is completed, in addition to the 50 historical markers, it will also encompass approximately 150 notable sites, an interactive web portal and a Digital Geographic Information System map.

AAHC.NC.GOV/PROGRAMS/CIVIL-RIGHTS-TRAIL

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS CENTER

Courtesy Visit NC

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Estey Hall at Shaw University RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA Before the Civil War, African Americans were systematically prevented from learning to read and write, and denied access to any type of formal educational settings. But as the years passed, in part because of protest movements, lawsuits and other actions, the tide began to change, leading to the establishment of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). It was at these institutions that African Americans received primary, secondary and, in some cases, postsecondary education. Among them was Shaw University, the first HBCU in the South. “Shaw University is a landmark for civil rights, education and the First Amendment,” said a university spokesperson. “Shaw accepted its first women students in 1866. It first began boarding women in 1870, and as a result, Estey Hall was erected in 1873.” By Keenan Hairston, courtesy VisitRaleigh.com Named in honor of business leader and philanthropist Jacob Estey, who underwrote funding for the building, Estey Hall is the first building in the U.S. designated for the higher education of women of color, the first dormitory for women on a coeducational campus and Shaw University’s oldest surviving building. Robert Russa Moton High School and Museum In the 1960s, student and young civil FARMVILLE, VIRGINIA rights activist Ella Jo Baker made one of her most indelible marks on this country here by helping to establish the Student Nonviolent In 1951, 450 Black students staged a walkout to protest the deplorCoordinating Committee. able overcrowding and structural conditions at Robert Russa Moton Estey Hall remained a women’s dorm until High School. With guidance from the NAACP, the event grew from a 1968, when it became a dormitory for men, later local protest into the only student-initiated case among the five lawsuits closing in 1970. Today it serves as the university’s under the umbrella of Brown v. Board of Education. main administration building. The general public In Farmville, the battle lasted 13 years: Upon losing the lawsuit, can visit the campus, and special arrangements Prince Edward County decided to close all of its schools for five years can be made to tour the Estey Hall building. — 1959 to 1964 — rather than desegregate. As such, those Black stuSHAWU.EDU dents also suffered as “The Walk-Out Generation” and “The Lock-Out Generation.” In 1964, the Griffin v. Prince Edward Supreme Court decision eventually reopened the schools. “The Moton School story is one of young citizens using the tools of a constitutional democracy to help bring about change,” said Cameron Patterson, executive director of the museum. “The immediate site surrounding the museum has changed little since 1951, [and] the development of the visitor experience has been planned to restore and preserve the historic views of the building and grounds from the site’s period of significance. The auditorium is the site of the student strike and, therefore, a very important place for us to introduce visitors to this piece of American history.” Now a National Historic Landmark, the school and museum are also featured on the Civil Rights in Education Heritage Trail. Downtown, visitors can embark upon a two-mile Farmville Civil Rights Walking Tour that features 17 places of civil rights significance between 1951 and 1964. MOTONMUSEUM.ORG

ESTEY HALL

AT SHAW UNIVERSITY

ROBERT RUSSA MOTON

HIGH SCHOOL Courtesy Robert Russa Moton High School & Museum

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

DISCOVER OUR

visitjackson.com/safertravel

#SafelyExploreJXN #VisitMSResponsibly

Sumner Elementary School TOPEKA, KANSAS May 2021 marks the 67th anniversary of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education U.S. Supreme Court decision that found racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. Sumner Elementary School — originally built in the late 1800s as a school for Blacks, then later operated as a white school — was one of five schools across the country involved in the case. The school is no longer open to the public; however, its story lives on at the Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site. The building is significant in that it is the home of the former Monroe Elementary, where Black students denied enrollment at Sumner were forced to attend, even though it was farther from their homes and an Courtesy HBCU Library Alliance unsafe walk to get there. “Aspects of the historic court case really strike visitors as they learn the in-depth history and begin to piece together the impact it made on the country,” said park interpreter Dexter Armstrong. “Our Southern University and A&M College visitors are also taken back by the multiple exhibits showcasing the timeline of African BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA American history. One exhibit in particular is the Hall of Courage, where individuals walk down a hall with film of protestors, spectators Since its founding in 1880, Southern University and A&M College and governors exhibiting unkindly behavior in Baton Rouge has risen as one of the nation’s premier HBCUs. The towards African Americans as a result of the school played a significant role in the civil rights movement. victory of Brown v. Board of Education.” Among the successful nonviolent protests for equal rights and access This site challenges visitors mentally, said to public facilities launched by the students were sit-ins at the local Armstrong, causing them to maneuver through Greyhound bus station and Sitman’s Drug Store. the morally gray areas of policy using strategy “While students at North Carolina A&T [in Greensboro] may legitito combat the law of segregation and not just mately be credited with initiating the sit-in movement in 1960, it was at the idea of it. Southern University where the largest demonstrations against Jim Crow NPS.GOV/BRVB segregation occurred,” said Albert Samuels, chair of the university’s

SOUTHERN

UNIVERSITY

SUMNER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Courtesy NPS

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

department of political science and history. “Inspired by the example of college students elsewhere, Southern students began to sit in at local establishments. Soon after, a throng of 3,500 Southernites marched to the state Capitol. The size and breadth of the protest was made possible by an academic climate at Southern University that encouraged students to critically analyze American society and to critique the racial status quo in the South.” Many alumni and students also participated in the bus boycott of 1953 that is said to have served as a model for the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1957. Their demonstrations led to Tennessee v. Garner, the 1985 Supreme Court case that challenged the use of deadly force by law enforcement in the apprehension of fleeing, unarmed, nonviolent felony suspects. SUBR.EDU

This courthouse

CHANGED

A NATION. Make history meaningful with a visit to the Bay County Courthouse, site of a 1963 landmark case that changed our nation’s court system. In Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own lawyers.

After stopping at the courthouse, explore the history of the St. Andrews neighborhood and downtown Panama City with self-guided walking tours. Find out more at destinationpanamacity.com/walkingtour

PA N A M A C I T Y FLORIDA

Where Life Sets Sail

U N IT E D STAT E S

CIVIL RIGHTS

TRAIL

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

MONTGOMERY’S DEXTER AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH WAS THE ONLY HOUSE OF WORSHIP PASTORED BY MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.

Congregations coalesced to address civil rights BY LYSA A LLM A N-BA LDW IN

By Art Meripol, courtesy ADT

or centuries, African American churches have been the backbone of the Black community. At one time, religious gatherings were held in homes and fields away from the white plantation slave masters that forbid such meetings. After the Civil War, freed Black people came together to build formal sanctuaries in the shadow of racism. Today, some of those structures still stand. Likewise, African American churches have played an integral role in the civil rights movement. For decades, religious and civic icons and leaders have gone there to speak out against segregation, to organize with the community and to plan nonviolent protests. But perhaps most of all, the church has served as a safe place for spiritual and religious practice and connection, and as a shelter from the harsh realities of the outside world. Here are five churches listed on the U.S. Civil Rights Trail CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM that represent vital pillars to the African American community.

16th Street Baptist Church BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA

16TH STREET

BAPTIST

In the words of Martin Luther King Jr., the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church was “one of the most vicious and tragic crimes ever perpetrated against humanity.” On that day, bombs placed by the Ku Klux Klan injured more than 20 people and instantly cut short the lives of four young girls — Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carol Robertson and Cynthia Wesley — as they were preparing for the annual Youth Day program. “It is important to teach our history to promote deep understanding of how cultural, social and societal values develop over time,” said Theodore Debro, chairman of the church’s board of trustees. “It is important to face our history to learn from past mistakes and to guide the development of the future. The events that took place at this locaCourtesy USCRT tion played a key role in placing a worldwide spotlight on the injustices taking place in the South and in spurring the passage of the Voting Rights Act.” Although the bombing brought worldwide attention to the church, it’s the unwavering Dexter Avenue King Memorial community connection and support since its Baptist Church and Parsonage founding in 1873 as the First Colored Church of Birmingham — originally located a few blocks MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA away — that has sustained it. The current modified Romanesque and Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church and Parsonage have Byzantine-style building and parsonage built always been central to the civil rights movement. Completed in 1889 in 1911 has hosted numerous Black activists and still maintaining much of its original architecture, the church holds and leaders, including Paul Robeson, Rev. the distinction as the only house of worship pastored by King, the place Fred Shuttlesworth, King, and Mary McLeod from which he led the 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott and the endBethune, among others. Tours include a point of the historic 1965 Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March. 15-minute documentary film, a docent-led “These events changed the world,” said Wanda Howard Battle, walk through the impressive sanctuary and tour director at the church. “In the 1950s and ’60s, Dr. King and the a visit to the Experience Room. Here visipeople of the South made history by challenging the social, political and tors encounter first-person accounts of the economic disparities and injustice based on racial bias. They marched, bombing, as well as photos, artifacts and pews bled and died to change policies, laws and practices that denied human from the original sanctuary, and the clock that dignity and civil rights.” stopped at 10:22 a.m. the day of the bombing. These stories are told through tours of the still-active church that 16THSTREETBAPTIST.ORG highlight King’s pastoral office and the podium he used to address the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers. There’s also a beautiful civil rights mural that takes visitors on a journey from Rosa Parks’ arrest to King’s assassination. A fascinating, largely unknown fact is that former Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace, reviled by many for his decades-long staunch segregationist actions, atoned for his views during a visit here in 1979. “He apologized to the congregation for his cruel acts of discrimination to enforce segregation,” Battle said. “This surprises most visitors and moves many to accept that like Wallace, every person can choose to change their beliefs and practices to be respectful, kind and just. When we embrace and model these practices, we ensure a place at the table of humanity for all people worldwide.” DEXTERKINGMEMORIAL.ORG

CHURCH

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

DEXTER AVENUE

“Peaceful means

KING MEMORIAL

BAPTIST

will have to be

CHURCH

used to bring about peaceful ends. If you use destructive means, you’re going to

By Art Meripol, courtesy ADT

bring about destructive ends.”

— COR ET TA SCOT T K ING

— M A RTIN LU THER K ING JR .

. C I S U M E TH TS.

Logan Young

N E M U N O M E H T . P O T N I A T N THE MOU

CLAYBORN TEMPLE,

ONE OF FIVE MEMPHIS SITES ON THE U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL

Come hear our stories: memphistravel.com/civil-rights-trail

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Shiloh Baptist Church ALBANY, GEORGIA Throughout the civil rights movement, many cities were fortunate to have been visited by King; in Albany, Georgia, he came to Shiloh Baptist Church. Here, he not only spoke to the congregation but also met with community leaders and activists from organizations including the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Together they were successful in launching and coordinating several major campaigns against racism and segregation across the state and further afield. “Shiloh Baptist Church was the epicenter of the Albany Movement,” said W. Frank Wilson, former executive director of the Albany Civil Rights Institute and vice chairman of deacon ministry at Shiloh Baptist Church. “The Albany Movement was key for King having success in Courtesy Shiloh Baptist Church Birmingham and other places, and was the catalyst for civil rights activity in Americus, Sylvester and other southwest Georgia locations.” In addition to its place on the Civil Rights Trail, the historic building, which is still home to Emanuel AME Church an active congregation, is also part of the Georgia Footsteps of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Trail. CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA Tours of the sanctuary, which remains much as it was during the civil rights movement, can Charleston’s Emanuel AME Church has experienced more than its be arranged through the Albany Civil Rights share of hardships: segregationist legislation, raids, vicious harassment, Institute, located across the street. fire, the Civil War, an earthquake and a devastating hurricane. Yet it still VISITALBANYGA.COM/ATTRACTION/ stands today as the oldest African Methodist Episcopal church in the ALBANY-CIVIL-RIGHTS-INSTITUTE southern U.S. and the country’s first independent Black congregation. Founded in 1816 in the Methodist tradition and associated with the nonsectarian Free African Society, the church still maintains much of its original Gothic Revival grandeur, with beautiful brick and wood, marble panels, eye-catching murals, original wooden pews, a massive pipe organ and an extensive library. In addition to serving the African American community for over 200 years, the church has also hosted numerous notable Black leaders and civil rights movement icons. Among them was educator, author and orator Booker T. Washington; theologian, cultural historian, national civil rights leader and SCLC member Wyatt Tee Walker; and King and his wife, Coretta Scott King, both of whom came in the 1960s to encourage voter registration and to lead a crucial hospital workers strike. In 2015, a white supremacist brutally murdered nine church members here, and a few years later the church became part of the Mother Emanuel Way Memorial District, created and named in honor of those fallen parishioners. The church, which is open for tours, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. MOTHEREMANUEL.COM

SHILOH

BAPTIST CHURCH

EMANUEL AME CHURCH

Courtesy Emanuel AME Church

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

Clayborn Temple MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE Purchased in 1949 from the Presbyterian Church and renamed in honor of a local AME bishop, Clayborn Temple has always been an integral part of Memphis’ Black community. This once-majestic Romanesque Revival church was a central location during one of the most important events in the history of the civil rights movement: the 1968 Sanitation Workers Strike. The strike was in response to the deaths of two sanitation workers who, after attempting to seek shelter from a torrential rainstorm inside a company office, were forced to wait it out in the back of their truck. The truck was struck by lightning, igniting the starter and crushing them to death. Over a thousand people met, organized and marched from Clayborn Temple in the fight for equal working conditions and higher pay, their efforts memorialized in photographs and other media of the now famous “I Am a Man” signs they carried. King was scheduled to speak here; however, he was assassinated a few days before at the Lorraine Motel on April 4, 1968. The church, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is currently undergoing extensive renovations, and a projected opening date for its congregation and the visiting public has not yet been announced. Nevertheless, visitors can meander through the adjacent “I Am a Man Plaza” created to honor the striking sanitation workers and featuring a moving sculpture and wall filled with the names of those who participated in the ultimately successful strike. CLAYBORN.ORG

STATE &

CLAYBORN

TEMPLE

By Raphael Tenschert

MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM TRAIL

LOCAL TRAI LS

reedom Rides. From the Capital/River area to the Delta, Hills and Coast, this trail features some of the most pivotal people, sites and events in the fight for racial equality and justice. For example, in downtown Jackson, there is the Greyhound Bus Station Marker that commemorates where the third group of Freedom Riders arrived in town. On the grounds of the courthouse in Canton, the Madison County Movement Marker shares the story of three activists that opened an office to register Black voters, created Freedom Schools and staged a boycott. The Marks Mule Train and Poor People’s Campaign Marker stands in tribute to when Martin Luther King Jr. visited that city in March 1968 to organize a march in support of anti-poverty projects. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference continued the work a month after King’s assassination. In April 1960, 125 people waded into the water along segregated Biloxi Beach to protest the exclusion of Blacks. Their peaceful defiance

is memorialized on the Biloxi Beach Wade-In Marker. And in Ruleville, there’s the Fannie Lou Hamer Marker in the park by the same name — a lifesize statue and her gravesite are also there — celebrating the life of this civil rights activist and delegate of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic National Convention

MISSISSIPPITOURGUIDE.COM/ FREEDOM-TRAIL MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM TRAIL

Courtesy Visit Mississippi

CIVILRIGHTSTRAIL.COM

COURTESY USCRT

CONTINUE THE

JOURNEY FOLLOW THE

TRAIL BY ASHLEIGH COLEMAN

COURTESY NPS

U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS TRAIL MARKETING ALLIANCE, LLC.