Rogue economies vol1 rev13 (spread interactive) by GSA_Unit 14

Rog u e Econom i es : Revelation s a n d Revol ut ion s Vol .1 2017 With Contributions by: Prof. Edgar Pieterse Prof. Lesley Lokko Kessete Tekie 1

Cover Image: By Roelof de Jager. (2017) Choreography of a Crime Scene, mapping the spatial sequences and tactics at play of a common crime scene at a inner-city bus station in Johannesburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. This Unit 14 publication is made possible by the generous support of the Graduate School of Architecture. No part of this book bay be reproduced in any manner without the written permission of the publisher, except in the context of reviews. All text written by Thireshen Govender and Sarah de Villiers unless otherwise stated. Editor: Thiresh Govender and Sarah de Villiers Graphic Design: Counterspace with assistance from Roelof de Jager GSA Unit 14 Rogue Economies: Revelations and Revolutions, Volume 1 GSA Unit 14 - Second Edition 186p, 13 x21cm Includes Acknowledgements Unit 14 Unit System Africa The Graduate School of Architecture Faculty of Arts and Design University of Johannesburg www.gsa.ac.za ÂŠ2017 GSA UJ All rights reserved.

www.unit-14.com

Rog u e Econ o m i es : Revelat ion s a nd Revol ut ion s Vol . 1 2017

http://www.gsa.ac.za/programmes/the-unit-system/

Unit 14 curiously and deliberately engages with the tumultuous and chaotic city to draw-out the hidden practices and codes that define it through everyday transactions. We call on the discipline of architecture to both reveal these unfathomable actions and to spatially speculate on ways to use these practices to work towards a bolder, more deliberate city. We exploit this particular moment of Johannesburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history to find our way. This selected body of work seeks to be both declaratory and reflective.

Contents Rogue Ways for Rogue Days. 8 Foreword: Experimentalism in the Face of Complexity. 8

by Edgar Pieterse

The Power of Speculative Narrative 16

by Kessete Tekie

Rogue Lexicon 32 Money Bubbles and Borders. 34 Israel Ogundare

Binayka Rama

Kennedy Chikerema

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation. 74

Sithembele Maselwa Jiyane Kumalo

Roelof de Jager

Measurements and Increments. 112

These explorations are located though Unit System Africa, the flagship architectural program at University of Johannesburgâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Graduate School of Architecture. With contributions by Prof. Edgar Pieterse (African Centre for Cities, UCT) Prof. Lesley Lokko (Graduate School of Architecture, UJ) Kessete Tekie (Investment Bank Technologist, Documentary Film Maker)

Siyabonga Manyoni Ajit Mistry

Ruan den Drijver

Manipulations and Economy of the Assault. 152 Yusuf Patel Pumflet: Spectre 166 Unit 14 & Ilze Wolff Afterword: Rogues and Vagabonds 172 by Prof. Lesley Lokko Acknowledgements 180

Introduction Thiresh Govender & sarah de Villiers

â&#x20AC;?Pockets and gh ettos busi nes s m en bri efcases a n d men bea r i ng by side i n th i s conf lation of powers a n d -Li nd say Bremner 1

of p r i vi l ege of s h a m e, cl utc h i ng ta x i - i n du str y h it AK- 47s exist s ide extraord i n a ry s p ace, t i me, cu ltu res . â&#x20AC;? 1 Bremner, L. 1999. Crime and emerging landscape of post-apartheid Johannesburg. In Judin, H & Vladislavic, I. eds. Blank: Architecture, Apartheid and After. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 1998. P58

Rogue Ways for Rogue Days Thiresh Govender (UrbanWorks Architecture & Urbanism) &

Sarah de Villiers (Counterspace)

Introduction

â&#x20AC;&#x153; Tr a u m a i s t h e d r a m a i n w h i c h b ot h

e m b r a c e t h e t u m u l t u o u s r e a l i t y of

h i s to r y a n d t h e f u t u r e a r e a t s ta ke,

t h i s Af r i c a n c i t y a n d u n d e r ta ke t h i s

held in a suspended crisis; the cards

j o u r n ey t h i s to a d va n c e t h e l i m i t s

h a ve b e e n t h r ow n u p i n t h e a i r b u t

of b ot h o u r u r b a n i m a g i n a t i o n a n d

t h ey h a ve n ot yet l a n d e d . Tr a u m a

d i s c i p l i n e.

s ta g e s t h e p o i nt a t w h i c h t h e s y s te m must reimagine itself or perish.â&#x20AC;?

The post-apartheid urban

( Ad r i a n L a h o u d , Po s t Tr a u m a t i c

e c o n o my c a n i n m a ny i n s ta n c e s

U r b a n i s m , A r c h i te ct u r a l D i g e s t,

b e c h a r a cte r i ze d a s a f r e n et i c

2010).

wa ve of n e e d a n d g r e e d ; i m p u l s e s

Thiresh Govender & Sarah de Villiers

exa c e r b a te d t h r o u g h d e r e g u l a t i o n , T h e r e i s s o m et h i n g i nt r i g u i n g a b o u t

i n a d e q u a te a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , r e l a x i n g

this, our city Johannesburg and its

of c o nt r o l a n d i m m i g r a t i o n a c r o s s

c a p a c i t y to s t i m u l a te a n u a n c e d

t h e c o nt i n e nt. T h e p r o l i f i c , yet

a r c h i te ct u r a l d i s c o u r s e. R e e l i n g

s kewe d e c o n o m i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n

f r o m t h e a f te r m a t h of a r e p r e s s i ve

h a s r e s u l te d i n m o r e s h a d ow y a n d

political ideology (apartheid)

i l l u s i ve t r a n s a ct i o n s t h a t t h e U n i t

t h a t h a s h a d c a ta s t r o p h i c s o c i a l ,

te r m s R o g u e Ec o n o m i e s . To t h e s e

economic and spatial consequences,

we d i r e ct o u r fo c u s of r e s e a r c h

we a r e yet to c o m e to te r m s w i t h i t s

p r a ct i c e s , w h i c h a r e of te n b eyo n d

t r a j e cto r y. T h i s p o s t - t r a u m a t i c s ta te

the fiscal, social, and cultural grasp

i s w h e r e we l o c a te o u r o b s e s s i o n . We

of t h e r e g u l a te d e c o n o my. We a r e

i nte n d to b r i n g a r c h i te ct u r a l p r a ct i c e

i nte r e s te d i n t h e a r c h i te ct u r e t h a t

i nto t h e fo l d of m a k i n g s e n s e of t h i s

m a ke s t h e s e r o g u e e c o n o m i e s a n d

u nfa t h o m a b l e m o m e nt. A r c h i te ct u r e

t h e a r c h i te ct u r e t h a t i s m a d e by i t.

i s t h e r e by a m e a n s to s p a t i a l l y r e a d

t h e e m e r g e nt u n d e r c u r r e nt s t h a t

Wi t h a r c h i te ct u r e i n b l i n d s e r v i c e

s h a p e t h e c i t y a n d e m p l oy t h e s e

of d o m i n a nt fo r m s of c a p i ta l

towa r d s a m o r e i nfo r m e d u r b a n

p r o d u ct i o n , t h e p r of e s s i o n

f u t u r e. We a c c e pt t h e i nv i ta t i o n to

becomes complicit in the social

Introduction

a n d e c o n o m i c a t r o c i t i e s we a i m to

w h i c h to p u t fo r wa r d i nfo r m e d

c o nf r o nt. T h r o u g h o u r a l i g n m e nt

a r c h i te ct u r a l s p e c u l a t i o n s . T h e

w i t h s u bve r s i ve e c o n o m i e s , we s e e k

p o s s i b i l i t y to m o r e m e a n i n g f u l l y

to c u l t i va te a m o r e r e s p o n s i ve,

r e s p o n d to t h e g r o s s s t r u ct u r a l

p o l i t i c i s e d a n d ef f e ct i ve a r c h i te ct u r e

i n e q u a l i t i e s of t h e p o s t - a p a r t h e i d

- b o r n of t h i s t u r m o i l . To d o s o, we

S o u t h Af r i c a n c i t y, fa l l s w i t h i n s i g ht.

Thiresh Govender & Sarah de Villiers

r e q u i r e n ew l a n g u a g e s a n d ta ct i c s to o p e r a te. I n b u i l d i n g a n u a n c e d

We o p p o r t u n i s t i c a l l y s c a n

s p a t i a l l i te r a cy a r o u n d h ow t h e s e

J o h a n n e s b u r g’s s i te s of c o n c e nt r a te d

c o n d i t i o n s a r e c o n s t r u cte d , we

e c o n o m i c vo l a t i l i t y to d e e p e n

p l a c e o u r s e l ve s i n a p o s i t i o n to

l e a r n i n g s a n d o p e r a t i o n s . T h e s e s i te s

u n d e r s ta n d ( a n d a ct w i t h i n ) t h e

a r e r e g u l a te d d eve l o p m e nt zo n e s ,

u n k n ow n . T h e d r a w i n g w h i c h i s ta s ke d

u n r e g u l a te d t r a d i n g d i s t r i ct s a n d

to r eve a l t h e u nfa t h o m a b l e i s t h e n

et h n i c o r i m m i g r a nt e n c l a ve s . T h e

c o m p e l l e d to a s s u m e c h a r a cte r i s t i c s

p e c u l i a r , u n k n ow n a n d i l l u s i ve - i n a

and traits are equally original and

c i t y - i s of te n ove r l o o ke d t h r o u g h

s p e c i f i c of i t s e n q u i r y. T h e a i m i s to

fa m i l i a r i t y a n d i n d i f f e r e n c e. To

i d e nt i f y, u n d e r s ta n d a n d r eve a l i n

o b s e r ve c r i t i c a l l y, i t i s n e c e s s a r y to

a r c h i te ct u r a l te r m s t h e s e e m e r g e nt

d eve l o p n ew wa y s of s e e i n g - wa y s to

p r a ct i c e s

s e e b eyo n d t h e o bv i o u s a n d o r d i n a r y. I n s p i r e d by J o h n B e r g e r ’s 1 9 7 2

I n g e n e r a t i n g k n ow l e d g e a r o u n d

s e m i n a l wo r k ‘ Wa y s of S e e i n g’ , we

R o g u e E c o n o m i e s , we a i m to

e n c o u r a g e n ew p e r s p e ct i ve s o n t h e

m a n i p u l a te, d i s to r t, i nte r c e pt, s i p h o n

o r d i n a r y to r eve a l t h e ex t r a o r d i n a r y

a n d r e c o nf i g u r e t h e fo u n d e l e m e nt s

a n d s u b l i m e.

i n m o r e c o n s t r u ct i ve a n d m e a n i n g f u l

wa y s towa r d s a m o r e d e l i b e r a te

I m m e r s i o n s u b s e q u e nt l y fo r m s

u r b a n f u t u r e. T h e e m p i r i c a l r e s e a r c h

t h e b a s i s of s e e i n g d i f f e r e nt l y.

g e n e r a te d t h r o u g h J o h a n n e s b u r g ,

I t i s t h r o u g h t h e i m m e r s i ve a ct

p r ov i d e a s u b s ta nt i a te d b a s i s u p o n

of wa l k i n g a n d s e n s i n g t h e c i t y

Introduction Thiresh Govender & Sarah de Villiers

t h a t we c a n t r u l y c o m e to te r m s

a n d p e o p l e a c r o s s va r y i n g te r r i to r i e s .

w i t h t h e s u b j e ct m a tte r . T h e

T h e s e c o n d c h a pte r , ‘ M a n u s c r i pt s fo r

c i t y i s o u r l a b t h r o u g h w h i c h we

Ad m i n i s t r a t i ve D ev i a t i o n s ’ , h i g h l i g ht s

d r a w o u r e m p i r i c a l ev i d e n c e. We

a n d c h a l l e n g e s p a r t i c u l a r g ove r n i n g

p r o b e, s c a n a n d d o c u m e nt w i t h

l e g i s l a t i ve p r e s c r i pt s , w h i c h s t i l l

r a p i d i nte n s i t y - ex p e r i m e nt i n g

h o l d l e g a cy fo r e c o n o m i c i n e q u a l i t y

w i t h va r i o u s fo r m s of d r a w i n g s

w i t h i n t h e m s e l ve s . ‘ M e a s u r e m e nt s

a n d te c h n i q u e s of r e p r e s e nta t i o n .

a n d I n c r e m e nt s ’ , p r ov i d e s a n

G r e a t ef fo r t i s d i r e cte d towa r d s

empirical analysis and in some

i d e nt i f y i n g t h e p r i m a r y e l e m e nt s

c a s e s p r ovo c a t i o n of n ew e c o n o m i c

a n d s p a t i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s t h a t m a ke

v i a b i l i t y t h o u g h u n d e r s ta n d i n g

up a particular rogue condition. The

vo l u m e s a n d va l u e s i n p a r t i c u l a r

d r a w i n g a s s u m e s a p owe r f u l a n d

s ett i n g s ; a n d ‘ M a n i p u l a t i o n s a n d

p o l e m i c i n s t r u m e nt to c o m m u n i c a te

Ec o n o my of t h e A s s a u l t ’ r e n d e r s

t h e i l l u s i ve - t h r o u g h te c h n i c a l ,

a n u n d e r s ta n d i n g of t h e s u b l i m i n a l ,

s y s te m i c a n d a t m o s p h e r i c te r m s .

ex p l o i ta t i ve a n d s u bve r s i ve u r b a n

T h r o u g h m et i c u l o u s t r a n s - s c a l a r

ex p e r i e n c e of c o n s u m pt i o n .

o b s e r va t i o n a n d d o c u m e nta t i o n , a n a r c h i te ct u r a l fo r e n s i c s i s e m p l oye d

Vo l u m e 1 i s t h e f i r s t c o l l e ct i o n

t h a t c u l m i n a te i n m a p s , c a ta l o g u e s ,

of t h e s e l o o s e i d e a s a n d b o l d

c o l l a g e s , c o d e s a n d s y s te m s d r a w i n g s

d e c l a r a t i o n s . T h e p u r p o s e i s to

t h a t c o l l e ct i ve l y fo r m a n e m p i r i c a l

s c a n fo r p a tte r n s , a s s o c i a t i o n s a n d

b a s i s to s p e c u l a te.

i n s i g ht s t h a t w i l l g u i d e t h e n ex t wa ve s of e n q u i r y.

T h e wo r k i n t h i s b o o k i s o r g a n i s e d i nto fo u r b r o a d c a te g o r i e s ; i n t h e f i r s t c h a pte r , ‘ M o n ey B u b b l e s a n d B o r d e r s ’ , i n q u i s i to r s i n t h e u n i t h a ve r eve a l e d u r b a n u n d e r s ta n d i n g s of t h e t r a n s g r e s s i o n of m o n ey, g o o d s

16 17

Thiresh Govender & Sarah de Villiers

Introduction

Experimentalism in the Face of Complexity

Foreword:

Edgar Pieterse

Experi menta l ism i n th e face of Compl exity

Prof. Edgar Pieterse Remotely, 2017 Photo by De Jager, R. 2017.

Experimentalism in the Face of Complexity

Af r i c a n c i t i e s f u n ct i o n i n my s te r i o u s

a s t h e l e s s e r of c o m p et i n g ev i l s

wa y s . T h e fo ot p r i nt of t h e fo r m a l

w h i l e t h ey n e g ot i a te to u g h l i ve l i h o o d

b u i l t fa b r i c a n d s u p p o r t i n g

i m p e r a t i ve s .

Edgar Pieterse

i nf r a s t r u ct u r e i n m o s t S u b - S a h a r a n c i t i e s c a n o n l y s e r ve a f r a ct i o n

T h i s u r b a n p o l i t i c a l e c o n o my

of t h e eve r - g r ow i n g p o p u l a t i o n .

s i m u l ta n e o u s l y p r o d u c e s i nve nt i o n ,

I nf r a s t r u ct u r e p l a n s a n d i nve s t m e nt s

e nt r e p r e n e u r i a l i s m , s a v v y,

a r e n oto r i o u s l y s l ow i n a r r i v i n g a n d

o p p o r t u n i s m , ex p l o i ta t i o n , s o l i d a r i t y,

m e et i n g g r a n d p o l i cy o b j e ct i ve s ,

r e c i p r o c i t y, v i o l e n c e, ex to r t i o n ,

i nva r i a b l y exa c e r b a t i n g u r b a n

e c o n o m i e s of c a r e, a n d s o m u c h

p r e s s u r e s . Yet, i n m o s t of t h e s e

m o r e, t h a t o n e i s l ef t b e r ef t of

c i t i e s , i n - m i g r a t i o n c o nt i n u e s a p a c e

t h e o r y to a r t i c u l a te i t. W h i c h

a n d ex i s t i n g u r b a n h o u s e h o l d s

c o n c e pt s h a ve s u f f i c i e nt ex p l a n a to r y

ex p a n d , p a r t i c u l a r l y w h e r e

p owe r to h e l p u s fo r m u l a te t h e

e d u c a t i o n a l i m p r ove m e nt s h a ve

r i g ht q u e s t i o n s to k n ow h ow to

b e e n r e g i s te r e d . T h e g a p b et we e n

wa d e t h r o u g h t h e s e c o nfo u n d i n g

d e m a n d a n d a va i l a b l e r e s o u r c e s

d y n a m i c s , e s p e c i a l l y i f o n e i s a f te r a

p r o d u c e s d i r e m a te r i a l r e a l i t i e s ,

c u l t u r a l r e a d i n g ? D e s p i te t h i s , u r b a n

w h i c h a r e d e p r e s s i n g l y ove r l a i d w i t h

d e s i g n a n d r e g u l a to r y p r of e s s i o n s

political-institutional processes that

r e m a r ka b l y c o nt i n u e to wo r k h a r d a t

e n s u r e n ot o n l y i n ef f e ct i ve u r b a n

m a i nta i n i n g a u t h o r i t y i n t h e fa c e of

m a n a g e m e nt b u t a l s o u n e q u a l a n d

o b s c u r i t y a n d c o m p l ex i t y.

u n j u s t p r i v i l e g i n g of t h e n e e d s of

t h e m i d d l e c l a s s e s a n d l a r g e fo r m a l

I t i s n ot g o o d e n o u g h to s i m p l y i nvo ke

b u s i n e s s e s . Po l i t i c a l c o nta ct s a n d

ove r d ete r m i n e d c o m p l ex i t y a n d s l i d e

n et wo r k s of i nf l u e n c e a r e of te n t h e

i nto a m i s p l a c e d f i xa t i o n o n t h e

m a i n d ete r m i n i n g fa cto r d ete r m i n i n g

a e s t h et i c s of e n i g m a t i c d y n a m i c s .

t h e l i ve l i h o o d p r o s p e ct s of u r b a n

T h i s p o s t m o d e r n n a r c i s s i s m i s to

r e s i d e nt s . S o m e h ow, h oweve r , m o r e

b e a vo i d e d a t a l l c o s t s . I n s te a d ,

a n d m o r e p e o p l e v i ew t h e s e c i t i e s

we n e e d to i n s i s t o n e p i s te m i c

Experimentalism in the Face of Complexity

1 Flyvbjerg, B. 2001. Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How it can Count Again. London: Sage. tps://www. opensocietyfoundations. org/voices/rogues-andvagabonds-no-moreending-africa-s-imperiallegacy-absurd-pettyoffenses. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

Edgar Pieterse

Dunne, A. and Raby, F. 2013. Speculative Everything. Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

ex p e r i m e nta l i s m t h a t m ove s b et we e n what Flyvbjerg calls “flat empiricism“

s o m e t h i n g s m i g ht wo r k , o r m i g ht n ot 1

a n d “s p e c u l a t i ve p r o p o s i t i o n “ , 2

wo r k , a n d c a n b e r ew i r e d to f u l f i l a m o r e ef f i c i e nt o r h i g h e r p u r p o s e.

d e e p l y r o ote d i n c u l t u r a l h i s to r i c i t y. W h a t I m e a n by t h i s i s a d e e p

I n l i g ht of t h e s e i m p e r a t i ve s , t h e

e n g a g e m e nt w i t h t h e i d e o l o g i c a l a n d

c o nt r i b u t i o n s to t h i s vo l u m e s h o u l d

g ove r n m e nta l g e n e a l o g i e s t h a t s h a p e

b e c o m m e n d e d fo r b e i n g w i l l i n g to

t h e p o s tc o l o n i a l p r e s e nt, w h i c h n e e d

c o nf r o nt, u n r a ve l a n d ex p e r i m e nt

u p r o ot i n g i f r e c u r s i ve p a t h o l o g i e s

w i t h s u bte r r a n e a n c u r r e nt s i n t h e

a r e to b e ove r c o m e. E p i s te m i c

e m e r g e nt Af r i c a n c i t y. I t p r ov i d e s

ex p e r i m e nta l i s m a l s o n e c e s s i ta te s a

a r i c h a n d s t i m u l a t i n g r e s o u r c e fo r

p s yc h o l o g i c a l a wa r e n e s s of o u r ow n

t h e p u r s u i t of o n e’s ow n l i n e s of

c o m p l i c i t y — t h r o u g h p r of e s s i o n a l a n d

ex p e r i m e nta l f l i g ht. T h e c o nt r i b u to r s

i nte l l e ct u a l h a b i t s — i n r e p r o d u c i n g

to t h i s vo l u m e s e e m to h a ve h e a r d

these cultural pathologies. This

t h e r h y t h m i c c a l l of J o h n L a w to

ef f e ct i ve l y d e m a n d s a p r a x i s

n eve r g i ve u p o n p e e l i n g a wa y e l u s i ve

t h a t m ove s b et we e n a n a l y t i c a l

s o c i o - c u l t u r a l p r o c e s s e s . F o r L a w,

c o nte m p l a t i o n , ex p e r i m e nta t i o n ,

(urban) research is about

c r i t i q u e, c o n c e pt u a l p r o n o u n c e m e nt,

c o nte m p l a t i o n , a n d s o o n . At t h e

“ . . . fo l l ow i n g Lew i s C a r r o l l ’s q u e e n

c o r e of s u c h a p r a x i s i s a r e c o g n i t i o n

a n d c u l t i va t i n g a n d p l a y i n g

t h a t o u r b e l o n g i n g to t h i s C o nt i n e nt

w i t h t h e c a p a c i t y to t h i n k

d e m a n d s u s to a d m i t l i m i t s of

s i x i m p o s s i b l e t h i n g s b efo r e

k n ow l e d g e w h i l s t u s i n g t h a t s e l f -

b r e a k fa s t. A n d a s p a r t of t h i s i t

s a m e l i m i t a s a m ot i va to r fo r b ette r

i s a b o u t c r e a t i n g m eta p h o r s a n d

u n d e r s ta n d i n g a n d to t h i n k m o r e

i m a g e s fo r w h a t i s i m p o s s i b l e

s u r g i c a l l y. B u t t h i s c a n n eve r b e a n

o r b a r e l y p o s s i b l e, u nt h i n ka b l e

u n d e r s ta n d i n g t h a t w i l l r eve a l i t s e l f

a n d a l m o s t u nt h i n ka b l e. S l i p p e r y,

o u t s i d e of t h o u g ht a n d p r a ct i c e i n

i n d i s t i n ct, e l u s i ve, c o m p l ex ,

t h e r e a l wo r l d to f i g u r e o u t h ow

d i f f u s e, m e s s y, tex t u r e d , va g u e,

Experimentalism in the Face of Complexity

3 Law, J. 2004. After Method: Mess in Social Science Research. London: Routledge.

u n s p e c i f i c , c o nf u s e d , d i s o r d e r e d , e m ot i o n a l , p a i nf u l , p l e a s u r a b l e, h o p ef u l , h o r r i f i c , l o s t, r e d e e m e d , v i s i o n a r y, a n g e l i c , d e m o n i c , m u n d a n e, i nt u i t i ve, s l i d i n g a n d u n p r e d i cta b l e, t h e s e a r e s o m e of t h e m eta p h o r s I h a ve u s e d a b ove. E a c h i s a wa y of t r y i n g to o p e n s p a c e fo r t h e i n d ef i n i te. E a c h i s a wa y of a p p r e h e n d i n g

Edgar Pieterse

a n d a p p r e c i a t i n g d i s p l a c e m e nt. E a c h i s a p o s s i b l e i m a g e of t h e wo r l d , of o u r ex p e r i e n c e of t h e wo r l d , a n d i n d e e d of o u r s e l ve s . B u t s o to o i s t h e i r c o m b i n a t i o n . B u t to g et h e r t h ey a r e a wa y of p o i nt i n g to a n d a r t i c u l a t i n g a s e n s e of t h e wo r l d a s a n u nfo r m e d b u t g e n e r a t i ve f l u x of fo r c e s a n d r e l a t i o n s t h a t wo r k to p r o d u c e p a r t i c u l a r r e a l i t i e s 3â&#x20AC;&#x153; . T h e e s s a y s a n d d e s i g n i n s i g ht s i n t h i s vo l u m e h e l p s u s to fo r m a s et of i m a g e s a n d u n d e r s ta n d i n g s of t h e c i t y, o bv i o u s l y p a r t i a l , b u t ex t r e m e l y g e n e r a t i ve.

Nugget Photo by Counterspace, 2017.

The Power of the Speculative Narrative

Th e Power of

Kessete Tekie

Specu lative Narrative

Kessete Tekie

Quarter 4 Review, 2017 Photo by De Villiers, S. 2017.

The Power of the Speculative Narrative

“Liberty is imagined, first and

s e r v i c e d e l i ve r y s t r i ke s a n d ev i ct i o n

fo r e m o s t, a s t h e r e c ove r y of t h e

o r d e r s . T h ey a r e h a b i t u a l l y f r a m e d

c a p a c i t y to o n c e a g a i n ta ke c a r e of

a s t h r e a t s to o r d e r , p r o p e r t y va l u e s

o n e s e l f ” ~ Ac h i l l e M b e m b e

o r e c o n o m i c g r ow t h — p r e s e nt i n g a

Living in Johannesburg, South

d a n g e r t h a t S o u t h Af r i c a w i l l l o s e i t ’s

Af r i c a , i n a p o s t - A p a r t h e i d s ett i n g ,

‘ i nve s to r f r i e n d l y i m a g e’ .

Kessete Tekie

t h e s e n s e of exc i te m e nt of t h e f r o nt i e r tow n i t o n c e wa s s t i l l

A s t h e s t u d e nt s of U n i t 1 4 t r a ve r s e

r eve r b e r a te s — i t i s n et wo r ke d to

t h r o u g h t h i s c i t y s c a p e, t h ey o b s e r ve

g l o b a l c a p i ta l m a r ket s , b i g b u s i n e s s

p h e n o m e n a to u n d e r s ta n d t h e

t h r i ve s , a n d m i g r a nt s s t i l l s e e k

c o nve nt i o n s t h a t g ove r n t h e m , a n d

o p p o r t u n i t y a n d r ef u g e h e r e. Yet,

r ef l e ct o n t h e ‘r o g u e’ r e s p o n s e s to

a l wa y s a tte n d a nt, i s a d i f f u s e s e n s e

t h e i m p a s s e of t h i s p a r a d i g m .

of u n e a s e.

T h r o u g h t h e i r wo r k s , e a c h v i ta l l y e n g a g e s w i t h t h i s r e a l i t y — I s e n s e

T h e r u r a l p o o r w h o s t r u g g l e to

t h e s t u d e nt s a r e s a y i n g , ‘ we s e e wa y s

subsist on marginal lands find it

p e o p l e c i r c u mve nt t h e s e l i m i t s a n d

d i f f i c u l t to ta ke r o ot a n d f l o u r i s h i n

s u r v i ve, a n d i f we ta ke o u r c u e s f r o m

t h e c i t y. I n a d e q u a te u r b a n d we l l i n g

t h e s e ta ct i c s , i f we a m p l i f y t h e s e

a n d e c o n o m i c o p p o r t u n i t y c r e a te

c o ntex t u a l , c r e a t i ve r e s p o n s e s , we

va g r a nt s t h a t d r i f t t h e u r b a n f r i n g e s ,

c a n ta ke t h e s e s p a c e s a n d p r a ct i c e s

s c r a p i n g g a r b a g e to s u r v i ve. T h e

a n d l a ye r t h e m w i t h r e l eva nt

s h a c k - d we l l e r s , t h e s t r e et - d we l l e r ,

i nte r ve nt i o n s ’ . F r o m t h e s e r e s p e ct f u l ,

t h o s e i n t h e ‘ i nfo r m a l ’ e c o n o my,

a c u te o b s e r va t i o n , t h ey d i s p l a y a n

a n d t h e s o - c a l l e d ‘u n e m p l oya b l e’ ,

a l l - p owe r f u l i m p u l s e to r e s p o n d

a r e a l l r e m i n d e r s of t h e s t r u ct u r a l

to o u r e nv i r o n m e nt, a s i f to s a y,

disparities that persist in South

‘p e r h a p s we c a n u s e w h a t we h a ve

Af r i c a . T h e i r s to r i e s s u r fa c e i n

h e r e, r e m ove b l o c ke r s , a n d a m p l i f y

t h e m e d i a i n t h e c o ntex t of c r i m e,

its utility’.

c o nt r a ve nt i o n s of c i t y by - l a ws ,

The Power of the Speculative Narrative Kessete Tekie

T h e D a i l y M a ve r i c k r e p o r t s t h a t t h e r e

a d vo c a t i n g fo r b ette r c o nve nt i o n s

a r e “ 4 9 0 , 0 0 0 a ct i ve p r i va te s e c u r i t y

m a tte r s ; i nte nt i o n a l ef fo r t s to

of f i c e r s i n S o u t h Af r i c a ; wo r k i n g

b r o a d c a s t t h e m to ta r g ete d n o d e s

i n a r m e d r e s p o n s e, c a s h - i n - t r a n s i t,

m a tte r ; u n d e r s ta n d i n g t h e l i n e a g e

and guarding. This means that the

f r o m i d e a s to o u tc o m e s , a n d a ct i n g

n u m b e r of a ct i ve p r i va te s e c u r i t y

o n t h e m , u l t i m a te l y, i s t h e wo r k

of f i c e r s i n S A i s n e a r l y d o u b l e t h e

of p r a ct i t i o n e r s i n eve r y f i e l d .

s i ze of t h e S A P S [ S o u t h Af r i c a n Po l i c e

A r c h i te ct s , w i t h ot h e r p r of e s s i o n s ,

S e r v i c e s ] a n d S A N D F [ S o u t h Af r i c a n

h a ve a p l a u s i b l e c h a n c e a t c o -

N a t i o n a l D ef e n c e F o r c e ] c o m b i n e d . ”

c r e a t i n g v i a b l e u r b a n h a b i ta t s fo r

Wi t h p r i va te i nte r e s t s i n m i n d , s o m e

s u s ta i n i n g b e i n g h u m a n f u l l y, a n d

c o m m e nt t h a t t h i s p o i nt s to t h e

fa i r l y, w i t h o u t d ef e r e n c e to t h e o l d

fa i l u r e of t h e s ta te to p o l i c e a n d

p owe r s o r c h a n c e — t h a t b e l i ef i t s e l f

p r ote ct i t s c i t i ze n s ; w i t h a h i s to r i c a l

i s t h e n ew p owe r t h a t w i l l a n i m a te

p e r s p e ct i ve i n m i n d , ot h e r s s a y t h a t

human progress.

i t p o i nt s to t h e s o c i a l b r e a kd ow n r e s u l t i n g f r o m p e r s i s te nt s t r u ct u r a l

W h a t U n i t 1 4 a n d i t s s t u d e nt s d o

disparities.

i s c a pt u r e a t r a n s f e r a b l e v i s i o n t h r o u g h o b s e r va t i o n , h y p ot h e s i s ,

“The social order is a sacred

r e p r e s e nta t i o n a n d s p e c u l a t i o n . T h i s

r i g ht w h i c h i s t h e b a s i s of a l l

r e s o n a te s w i t h m e, a n i n d i v i d u a l a t

ot h e r r i g ht s . N eve r t h e l e s s , t h i s

t h e e d g e of yo u r c o m m u n i t y, b u t

r i g ht d o e s n ot c o m e f r o m n a t u r e,

d e l i g hte d to p e r h a p s b e p a r t of

a n d m u s t t h e r efo r e b e fo u n d e d

t r a n s f e r r i n g t h e e n e r g y to a d j a c e nt

o n c o nve nt i o n s ” ~ J e a n - J a c q u e s

n et wo r k s . T h e p ote nt i a l h e r e i s t h a t

Rousseau

yo u s h i f t c o n s c i o u s n e s s b eyo n d yo u r d i s c i p l i n e, a n d t h e r efo r e s h i f t l i ve d

W h a t d o e s t h i s h a ve to d o w i t h t h e

r e a l i t i e s … a n d t h a t i s h ow p r o g r e s s i ve

wo r k of U n i t 1 4 a n d i t s s t u d e nt s ?

h i s to r y h a s a l wa y s b e e n c r e a te d .

I d e a s m a tte r ; a r t i c u l a t i n g a n d

24 h rs | 51/ 9 | Ac c es s C ity | A l exa nd ra | Altern ati ve Fi n anc i a l

System s | Altern ati ve Cu r renci es | Ang les of I nta ke

Bri bery | Bu lawayo | By -Law Con stra i nts | Ca mera Obsc u ra | Si tes of

Cr i m e | Ca m ouflage | Carvi ng Radi ca l Rea l Estate | Ca si no

Eye-Tracki ng | Food Se c u r ity | Ford s burg | Foreig n er | Fraction a l

Own ersh i p | Fre edom Ch arter | Gifti ng | Goi ng Rogue | Good s

Grou p Area s Act | H awa la | H idden Tra n si tion ar y Nuanc es |

Invol u nta r y Mes sag i ng | | La n d Rig hts | La n d U se Inter rel ia nc e |

Rog u e

Littl e Eth iop i a | Log ist i c s | Loop h ol es for Ac cess | Luggage | M 1

Lexi con

M obi l i ty & Perm a n enc e | M on ey Tra n sfer | M otion | M otor i st

Ter r i tor y | Oc u lar Ter r i tor y | Orga n i c Fi n a ncia l Network s | Pa k ista n

Pa rki ng | Pa s s port | Pop-U p M a rket | Post - Ap arth ei d | Prod uc e

Tran sportation | Prod ucti ve Disobedi ence | Productive Surfaces

Prod uct i ve Th res h ol d s | Prop erty Li nes | Prop erty Own ersh i p |

| Pu mflet | Rates & Taxes | Reconci l iation | Renta l I ncome

Restorat i ve J u st i c e | Reta i l Pa s sage | Risk | Rogu e E ng agem ent |

Sidewa l k Shop | S l i pper y Op aque Spac e | Sp ac e App rop r i ation |

Stokvel | Stre et Front i ng | Su rvei l la nc e | Ten ancy System s | Ti m e

Di stortion | Ti m e - Len d i ng | Ti me-Zone | Toi let Reta i l

Town-Pla n n i ng Sc h em e | Trade Route | Traders | Traffi c Congestion |

U nfol di ng | U n i t i sed Prod uct ivity | U rba n Developm ent Zon e | Urb an

Farm i ng | Vac ancy | Va l u e of Verti ca l Surfaces | Va l ue i n Ownersh i p

Vert i ca l Exaggerat ion | Vert i c a l Gros s Letta b le Area | Verti c a l Yi eld | Zi m b a bwe |

Money

A n e m e r g e nt t h e m a t i c i nte r e s t fo r t h e u n i t i s p r ov i d e d t h r o u g h d ete ct i o n of t h r e s h o l d s of particular economies which may

Bubb les and

ex i s t o n a s p e ct r u m of s c a l e s , r a n g i n g f r o m t h e o n e - to - o n e h a n d s h a ke to i nte r n a t i o n a l t r a d e r e l a t i o n s h i p s a c r o s s a c o u nt r y â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s b o r d e r . St u d y i n g u n d e r c u r r e nt

Borders

m ove m e nt of m o n ey a n d c u l t u r a l l y c o d e d m et h o d s of exc h a n g e s a i d s to a tt r i b u te s ta t u s a n d r e n d e r v i s i b l e to t wo s i d e s of a f i n a n c i a l te r r i to r y ; w h e r e i n i nve nt i ve m et h o d s to c i r c u m n a v i g a te r e g u l a r i s e d t r a n s a ct i o n s a r e e m p l oye d . T h e wo r k d e m o n s t r a te s t h e s e c o l l o q u i a l

Israel Ogundare Binayka Rama Kennedy Chikerema

exc h a n g e s t h r o u g h c r y s ta l i z i n g t h e i r f l u i d i t y i nto m o m e nt s o n d r a w i n g s , collapsing multiple geographies a n d r e l a t i o n s h i p s i nto p e r c e i va b l e te r r i to r i e s , a r t i c u l a te d t h r o u g h s p a c e a n d a r c h i te ct u r e a t t h e i r e d g e s a n d thresholds.

Altern ati ve Cu r renci es Bord ers Ca mouflage Cod es

Cross-Border De - Centra l ised

Dep artm ent

of Hom e Affa i rs

Doub l e - Ski n Econ o m i c Mobi l ity

E nc lave Ford s burg | Foreig n er

Good s

H idden Tra n si tion ar y Nuanc es

Israel

Identity

Ogu ndare | La nguage

Looph ol es for Ac cess | Luggage

M ag i c | M a lawi

Mig ra nts

M obi l i ty & Perma n enc e Pa s s port

Risk

Security Station

Traders

Tran saction

Travel ler

U rba n Developm ent Zon e Visa

Money Bubbles and Borders

HyperPerformative Economic Enclaves: The ‘Neo’ Global Consulate.

The transition of Moses using the neo passport to access the enclave. 1. Changed from Moses to Musa

T h e d r a m a t i c c o n s e q u e n c e s of i m m i g r a t i o n h a ve r e s u l te d i n Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

J o h a n n e s b u r g b e i n g a h i g h l y l u c r a t i ve yet h o s t i l e s i te fo r t r a d i n g a ct i v i t y. A r m e d w i t h l i m i te d r i g ht s , n ew fo r m s of c i t i ze n r y a n d i nve nt i ve a g e n cy, m i g r a nt s h a ve c r e a te d s o p h i s t i c a te d

2. Changed from Moses to Misty

et h n i c a l l y - s p e c i f i c e c o n o m i c e n c l a ve s t h r o u g h w h i c h to f i n d a l i ve l i h o o d . T h e i d e a of a p a s s p o r t i s ove r t u r n e d i n t h e s e s i te s b r i n g i n g to t h e fo r e t h e i d e a of ‘s k i n’ a s p a s s p o r t. Tr a d e r s a n d c o n s u m e r s c a r ef u l l y n a v i g a te the treacherous spaces which a r e fo r e i g n e r - h o s t i l e to c r e a te

3. Changed from Misty to Young Misty

c u s to m i ze d r i te s , p r a ct i c e s a n d c o d e s t h a t a l l ow p a r t i c i p a t i o n . T h e d o c u m e nta t i o n of t h e s e p r a ct i c e s h a s b e e n m et i c u l o u s l y d e c i p h e r e d a n d d o c u m e nte d to i l l u s t r a te t h e s p a t i a l s t r a te g i e s a n d ta ct i c s t h a t p r e s e nt a n i nf i n i te l y o b s c u r e a n d e m e r g i n g e c o n o m i c e c o l o g y t h a t by -

4. Changed from Misty to A ‘ ssalamualaikum’ in Fordsburg’.

passes regulation. 38

Money Bubbles and Borders Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

INFESTATION Charting movement of travelers into the enclave via a gateway, before congregating to move into it.

OVERVIEW Dependency of several enclaves on each other, as different enclaves require differing passports for people to enter them.

Money Bubbles and Borders Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

HOME AFFAIRS Collage describing the experienced conditions of a traveler arriving

MOBILITY MAP Passage of travelers from Park Station to Randburg in Johannesburg.

Money Bubbles and Borders Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

TACTICS, SPACE AND TIME. Manouvres of the traveler in and around the Johannesburg UDZ.

Money Bubbles and Borders Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

THE COLONY OF MULTITUDE Tactical moves mapping in and around Johannesburg Home Affairs.

THE PIGEON NEST SERIES Tactical moves around Fordsburg to find a landing place.

Money Bubbles and Borders Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

MINARET Segment of Pigeon Nest Series, Fordsburg.

JOHANNESBURG PARK STATION Arrival sequence of travelers navigating the space safely with reflective jackets.

Money Bubbles and Borders Israel Olawale Ogundare (M2)

HOME AFFAIRS Representation for a form of habitat , psychologically occupied by immigrants across the city.

EXCHANGE A speculative conglomeration of multiple entrances, changes of dress and exit sequences.

Money Bubbles and Borders

Altern ati ve Fi n anc i a l

Systems

Bank

Cod i ng Dig i ta l | Econ om i c Colon i a l i sm Eth n i c Hustle

E nc lave

Gifti ng

Binayka Rama

Ford s burg | Foreig n er Hybrid

H awa la

Bi n ayka

I nequa l ity

Ra m a La nguage | Lendi ng Mig ra nts

Loop h ol es for Ac cess

Orga n i c Fi n a ncia l Network s | Pa k ista n

M oney Tra n sfer

Security

Risk

Stokvel Tran saction

Trust

Money Bubbles and Borders

Landscapes for Trust

Binayka Rama (M1)

D e s p i te i n c r e a s e d xe n o p h o b i c a ct s a n d a a nt i - i m m i g r a nt s ta te, s t r o n g et h n i c i m m i g r a nt c o m m u n i t i e s ta ke r o ot i n J o h a n n e s b u r g to f i n d a l i ve l i h o o d . Wi t h n o a c c e s s to t h e fo r m a l b a n k i n g s e cto r d u e to t h e i r l e g a l s ta t u s o r n a t i o n a l i t y, i m m i g r a nt s s u b s e q u e nt l y p r o d u c e a n a l te r n a t i ve f i n a n c i a l i nf r a s t r u ct u r e t h a t i s b a s e d l e s s of r e g u l a t i o n a n d c i t i ze n r y, b u t o n t r u s t. T h e s e l a n d s c a p e s of t r u s t a r e d ef i n e d by l a n g u a g e a n d s o c i a l p r a ct i c e s c r e a t i n g h i g h l y s o p h i s t i c a te d t h r e s h o l d s t h a t a r e c u s to m i ze d to p a r t i c u l a r et h n i c m i n o r i t i e s . T h e p r o j e ct ex p l o r e s t h e a r c h i te ct u r a l ta ct i c s a n d e l e m e nt s t h a t a r e m a d e by va r y i n g d e g r e e s of t r u s t to g a i n f i n a n c i a l i n c l u s i o n .

TRUSTSCAPES OF EXCHANGE A geography of ethnic versus global financial networks and associations..

Money Bubbles and Borders Binayka Rama (M1)

TRUSTSCAPES OF EXCHANGE 01 Ecosystems of networks and associations of informal banking tier on Mint Street,, Fordsburg. .

PAPER TRUST

Money Bubbles and Borders Binayka Rama (M1)

TRUSTSCAPES OF EXCHANGE 02 Elements and components Formal banking: Tier 1.

TRUSTSCAPES OF EXCHANGE 03 Elements and components International: Tier 2.

Money Bubbles and Borders Binayka Rama (M1)

SYSTEMS OF COMPLIANCE Rites of passage into various forms of financial access.

ARCHITECTURE OF ALTERNATIVE FINANCIAL SYSTEMS Top Image:: Remittance Systems Lower Image: User Networks

Money Bubbles and Borders Binayka Rama (M1)

DEBITS AND CREDITS Navigating thresholds and enclaves

LENDING SYSTEM Recorded geographies and voices in a particular Johannesburg ethnic territory.

Money Bubbles and Borders

Bord ers | Braa mfontei n Bri bery | Bu lawayo Cross-Border

Cod es

Dr ive Econ o m i c Mobi l ity | Eff i c i ency

Export Ta x

Kennedy Chikerema

Foreig n er

Good s

Kennedy Log ist i c s

Ch i kerema

Luggage

Mig ra nts

M otion Pa s s port Prod uct i ve Th res h ol d s SARS Sidewa l k Shop

Station

Trade Route | Traders | Traffi c Congestion

Travel ler | Troj a n Bus

U rba n Developm ent Zon e Vessels | Visa Zi m b a bwe

ZIM RA

Money Bubbles and Borders

Collapsed States: A Case for Cross Border Hyper-Trade

Kennedy Chikerema (M1)

T h e c o l l a p s e of t h e Z i m b a bwe a n e c o n o my h a s r e s u l te d i n J o h a n n e s b u r g p r ov i d i n g a n o p p o r t u n i s t i c a n d v i ta l l i f e l i n e fo r t h e c o n s u m e r g o o d s m a r ket. R e c e i ve d g o o d s a r e h y p e r i nf l a te d r e s u l t i n g in a 1000% mark-up compared to t h e S o u t h Af r i c a e q u i va l e nt a n d i s a r e s u l t of r e g r e s s i ve r e g u l a to r y c o nt r o l s b et we e n t h e t wo g ove r n m e nt s . A n ew t r a d e r o u te e m e r g e s t h a t s e e k s to c i r c u mve nt t h e r e g u l a to r y c o nt r o l s a n d ex to r t i o n by of f i c i a l s . T h i s i nf r a s t r u ct u r e h i d e s w i t h i n t h e ex i s t i n g c o m m u te r i nf r a s t r u ct u r e a n d h a s fo u n d c u n n i n g wa y s to ex p l o i t t i m e, p owe r , s p a c e a n d t h e l a w to m ove g o o d s a c r o s s t h e b o r d e r i l l u s t r a t i n g i nve nt i ve p r a ct i c e s t h a t s u p p o r t a $ 1 b i n d u s t r y.

THE TROJAN BUS Collapsed section through the carried goods within the volume of a bus, crossing the boarder.

Money Bubbles and Borders Kennedy Chikerema (M1)

THE TRADER ROUTE Map showing the current state and conditions of the bus journey from Johannesburg to Bulawayo, depicting points of congestion, and points of exchange at these congestion points.

LAST MINUTE MARKET 01: Map showing the ecosystem and infrastructure within the bus hub in Braamfontein, including supporting surrounding traders and support infrastructure to this emergent economy.

Kennedy Chikerema (M1)

Money Bubbles and Borders

THE CHARTED MAP Map showing trader infrastructure within the UDZ, including relationship to the China marts in south west Johannesburg.

WALKING THROUGH BORDERS Map showing the markets that have emerged due to the congestion of the Beitbridge border.

Money Bubbles and Borders Kennedy Chikerema (M1)

PORTEFFICIENCY Axonometric identifying the different active agents within the bus port.

PORTENOMICS 02: Axonometric rendering visible the different economic transactions found on the site.

Man uscri pts

Immersion in the field has, in some c a s e s , l a i d b a r t h e d i s p a r i t y b et we e n a d m i n i s t r a t i ve i nte nt i o n by p o l i cy m a ke r , w h i c h h a s r a m i f i c a t i o n s

for

o n t h e s p a t i a l c o n s t r u ct of J o h a n n e s b u r g a n d i t s l i ve d r e a l i t y on the ground. The post-1994 c i t y r e m a i n s i n s eve r a l i n s ta n c e s u n e q u a l a n d u n a to n e d fo r p r ev i o u s

Ad m i n istrative

g r o s s i n j u s t i c e s . C e r ta i n j u d i c i a l f r a m ewo r k s of f e r i n i n s u f f i c e nt e n a b l e r s fo r g r ow t h , o n p a p e r . H oweve r , t h e r e a r e m u l t i p l e s t r e a m s of s u bve r s i ve u r b a n p r a ct i c e s w h i c h

Deviation

d e m o n s t r a te a w i l l to s u r v i ve a n d p r o l i f e r a te a g a i n s t r e s t r i ct i o n s . R i g o r o u s m a p p i n g of i nve nt i ve ( a n d s o m ew h a t i l l i c i t ) a ct i v i t i e s p r ov i d e a c a ta l o g u e of o p e r a t i o n s a n d ta ct i c s that the city is shaping itself with, t h r o u g h a ve r s i o n of e c o n o m i c v i g i l a nt i s m .

Sithembele Maselwa Jiyane Kumalo Roelof de Jager

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation

By -Law Con stra i nts

Sithembele Maselwa

Ec l e ct i c U rba n is m

Hybrid

La n d Rig hts

Sith embele

Maselwa

I n surgent

La nd Use Contravention

La n d U se I nter rel ia nc e Mayfa ir

Prod ucti ve Disobedi ence Renta l I ncome

Prod uct i ve Th res h ol d s

Sidewa l k Shop | S l i pper y Op aque Spac e | Sp ac e App rop r i ation Stre et Front i ng Town-Pla n n i ng Sc h em e Unfol di ng

Traders U rba n Developm ent Zon e

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation

Productive Disobedience: Towards an Eclectic Urbanism

Sithembele Maselwa (M1)

To m a n a g e p r o p e r t y i nve s t m e nt s a n d i t s ta x b a s e, t h e s ta te a s in place draconian and archaic r e g u l a t i o n s a n d by - l a ws . T h e s e r u l e s a r e f u n d a m e nta l l y c h a l l e n g e d by m i g r a nt s f r o m S o m a l i a t h a t h a ve r a d i c a l l y t r a n s fo r m e d s u b u r b to m e et t h e i r n e e d s . I n s o d o i n g , m i g r a nt s h a ve b r o u g ht a p a r t of t h e i r u r b a n s e n s i b i l i t y to J o h a n n e s b u r g w h i c h y i e l d s g r e a t va l u e fo r a c i t y t r y i n g to c h a r t a m o r e i n c l u s i ve a n d i nte g r a te d f u t u r e. U s i n g t h e by l a ws s et u p by t h e s ta te, t h e p r o j e ct r ew r i te s a n a l te r n a t i ve c o d e - b o o k by d o c u m e nt i n g t h e ‘d ev i a t i o n s a n d c o nt r a ve nt i o n s ’ t h r o u g h a c a r ef u l fo r e n s i c s of b ot h tex t a n d s p a c e.

ECONOMIC JUNGLE Trader rogues on Johannesburg’s street edges.

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Sithembele Maselwa (M1)

TOP LEFT Shut facade: in the early morning at a dormant store BOTTOM LEFT Display Repositioning and dusting of goods

TOP RIGHT The walkway This is municipal land that is used to access the emerging storage BOTTOM RIGHT Goods inside are unpacked.

OPPOSITE: Morphology of a residentially-zone property to offer mushrooming economic activities, such as a street-front shop, and backyard rented dwelling units.

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Sithembele Maselwa (M1)

NET VALUE 2m2 Shop unfolds to provide at least 20m2 of retail space. An enormous monetary value of goods is displayed.

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Sithembele Maselwa (M1)

GROWING THRESHOLDS Facades of houses are adapted into business-generating uses, with added advertisements and street furniture onto the pavement to support business life.

ORIGINAL INERT COMPLIANT VERSUS CURRENT LIVED & INTERACTIVE CONDITION Forms of deviation from municipal by-law as business grows.

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Sithembele Maselwa (M1)

BOOK A: STATUS QUO Removal of by-laws and notes from the municipal town-planning scheme which are contravened by an act of cutting and extraction.

BOOK B: POSITION & WRITING BETWEEN THE LINES Second copy of town-planning scheme

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation

51/ 9

A l exa n d ra

Econ om i c Colon i a l i sm

Econom i c Justi ce

Jiyane Kumalo

Fre edom Ch arter Grou p Area s Act

H i stor i c a l Inj u sti c e

Jiyane

La n d Rig hts

I nequa l ity

Ku m a lo

Luggage M obi l i ty & Perma n enc e Post - Ap arth ei d Prop erty Li nes | Prop erty Own ersh i p Risk

Rates & Taxes

Renta l I ncome

San dton | SARS Standa rd of Livi ng

Ten ancy System s Va l ue i n Ownersh i p

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation

Challenging Property Ownership

Jiyane Kumalo (M1)

S i n c e t h e i nfa m o u s 1 9 1 3 N a t i ve s L a n d Act, l a n d i n S o u t h Af r i c a h a s a s s u m e d a p owe r f u l p o l i t i c a l to o l to m a n a g e s e p a r a t i o n of r a c e, c l a s s a n d p owe r . D e s p i te o u r va l i a nt a tte m pt s , n o r e a l b r e a k t h r o u g h h a s b e e n m a d e. T h i s p r o j e ct ex p l o r e s l a n d t h r o u g h a d i f f e r e nt l e n s , o n e of m ova b l e - p r o p e r t y h a c ke d o nto a s m a l l r e s i d e nt i a l p l ot. I t s u g g e s t s t h a t a l te r n a t i ve fo r m s of te n u r e s h i p c a n b e c o nt r i ve d to p r ov i d e a c c e s s a n d o p p o r t u n i t y i n a d i g n i f i e d wa y to c i t y i n h a b i ta nt s . I n s o d o i n g , i t opens up the discourse around what ow n e r s h i p m e a n s fo r a n d i n c r e a s i n g l y m o b i l e c i t y i n h a b i ta nt.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS Extraction and conglomeration of various property laws which pertain to South African property ownership.

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Jiyane Kumalo (M1)

ABOVE: Property lines extrapolate administrate power in space, permitting; also denying access and ownership.

OPPOSITE: Historic account of administrative manouvres which have ruled out many groups from access to property ownership in South Africa.

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Jiyane Kumalo (M1)

CASE A: ALEXANDRA Study of the ownership and tenure dynamics on a stand in Alexandra, Johannesburg.

CASE B: SANDTON Spatial account of a property which is 5km from (A) at a rented apartment in the Michelangelo Towers, Sandton (drawn at same scale as in A).

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Jiyane Kumalo (M1)

CASE A1 - CARTOGRAPHY OF OWNERSHIP VALUES Using a common advertisement pull-out, a matrix arrangement depicting an analysis of ‘value’ of owned goods, pitting monetary value, against functional value. This particular person has been shown to own several ‘luxury’ assets.

CASE A1-5- DIMINUTIVES A depicted study into the spatial arrangements and asset currencies of people who live in a fairly insecure environment..

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation

Altern ati ve Cu r renci es Apartheid: Guns & Money

Bank Ca mera Obsc u ra | Si tes of

Cr i m e | Ca m ouflage

Cod i ng Cryptocu r rency

Cr i m i n a l Choreog ra ph i es De -M onopol isation

Dig i ta l

Econ om i c Retr i bution

Econom i c Cri me | Econom i c Justi ce

Roelof de Jager

Eye-Tracki ng H idden Tra n si tion ar y Nuanc es

Roelof

H i stor i c a l Inj u sti c e

I nequa l ity

de Jager Oc u lar Ter r i tor y

Post - Ap arth ei d Reconci l iation Restorat i ve J u st i c e

Security Stock Exc h a nge Survei l la nc e Tran saction | Tran sp arency

Truth

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation

In the Shadow of Exchange: Institute for Radical Economic Retribution

Roelof de Jager (M2)

I n t h e a b s e n c e of e c o n o m i c r e c o n c i l i a t i o n i n S o u t h Af r i c a â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s p o l i t i c a l t r a n s i t i o n , a c c o u nta b i l i t y r e m a i n s i l l u s i ve. U s i n g t h e m o m e nt u m of a c c o u nta b i l i t y a n d p r o s e c u t i o n t h a t i s s we e p i n g a c r o s s n u m e r o u s c o r p o r a te e l i te s g l o b a l l y, t h e p r o j e ct i nv i te s e c o n o m i c p e r p et r a to r s a m o m e nt of a m n e s t y. T h r o u g h the rigorous mapping and coding of eve r yd a y c r i m e s c e n e, a n ew fo r m u l a r y of c r i m i n a l r e l a t i o n s a r e ex t r a cte d . T h e s e r e l a t i o n s a n d ta ct i c s a r e d e p l oye d a t t h e s y m b o l i c e p i c e nt r e of t h e a p a r t h e i d s ta te s â&#x20AC;&#x2122; crime scene - the Old Johannesburg Sto c k E xc h a n g e to c u r a te a n i n s t i t u te of r e c o n c i l i a to r y j u s t i c e.

100

COLLAPSED TRUTHS Plan view of all speculative functions and programmes collapsed into one, at the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

101

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Roelof de Jager (M2)

CHOREOGRAPHY OF A CRIME A sequential movement pattern is mapped of a prolific smash-andgrab site, centred around a bus rapid transport depot infrastructure in the CBD of Johannesburg. Traffic lights provide cadence for restricted motorists, and raised edges of the station provide blindspots in which opportunists hide. A signalling system exists between two opportunists on either side of the station, active in plain site between shops and side-walk activities.

102

103

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Roelof de Jager (M2)

PUTIN TRUMP MELANIA

RIGHT Audible territory of a shared secret at a busy Berlin dinner table, between Trump and Putin., 2017.

LEFT SERIES: Control Room: Model showing interaction based on personal interests and biases.

104

105

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Roelof de Jager (M2)

MOMENT OF RETRIBUTION The coded spaces and atmospheres are combined. The spatial relationships amongst themselves and amongst adjacent structures are shown, at the site of the Old Johannesburg stock Exchange in Newtown.

106

107

Manuscripts for Administrative Deviation Roelof de Jager (M2)

ABOVE: Components of Confessing:: The coded spaces and atmospheres are combined with architectural components to create a tectonic moment.

108

RIGHT: Components of Restorative Reparations: The coded spaces and atmospheres are combined with architectural components to create a tectonic moment.

109

CAMERA OBSCURA Physical space generated by digital apparatus.

110 111

Thiresh Govender Roelof & sarah de Jager de Villi(M2) ers

Manuscripts for Administrative Introducti Deviation on

Measurements

I n - d e pt h e m p i r i c a l r e s e a r c h of p a r t i c u l a r e c o n o m i c p r a ct i c e s in the Johannesburg, through a n a r c h i te ct u r a l l e n s , h a ve l e nt

and

i n c r e d i b l e i n s i g ht to t h e va l u e of e m e r g e nt r eta i l a n d p r o d u c e s y s te m s i n o u r c o ntex t. By u n d e r s ta n d i n g a s y s te m t h r o u g h i t s s u r fa c e s , vo l u m e s , d i s ta n c e, a n d t i m e, a m e a s u r a b l e

I ncrem ents

and comparable reality may be i l l u s t r a te d , a n d l a te r i nte r r o g a te d . T h e s e r eve l a t i o n s of p e r fo r m a n c e p r ov i d e i m a g i n i n g s towa r d h y p e r ef f i c i e n c i e s , w h i c h c h a l l e n g e m a c r o m o n o p o l i s a t i o n i n t h e c i t y.

: Siyabonga Manyioni Ajit Mistry Ruan den Drijver

112

113

Measurements and Increments

Brea k i ng Bu l k | Bree Street

Col u m n

Siyabonga Manyoni

Econ o m i c Mobi l ity

E ng i n e er i ng Va l u e |

Siya bonga

Manyon i

Joburg Ma l l

Medi ca l Arts Bu i ldi ng

Littl e Eth iop i a

Productive Surfaces

Rogu e Renta ls

Reta i l Pa s sage Spac e App rop r i ation

Sta i r Reta i l Toi let Reta i l

Traders Unfol di ng Vert i ca l Exaggerat ion | Vert i c a l Gros s Letta b le Area | Verti c a l

114

Va l u e of Verti ca l Surfaces Su r fac e M ax i m i sation

115

Measurements and Increments

Beyond the m2

Siyabonga Manyoni (M1)

Wi t h t h e a i m to c r e a te a p r e d i cta b l e a n d s e c u r e o p e r a t i n g e nv i r o n m e nt, r e a l e s ta te i s r e g u l a te d t h r o u g h i t s u s e a n d a r r a n g e m e nt u s i n g m a n u a l s a n d l a ws . T h i s p r o j e ct exa m i n e s t h e r a d i c a l r e a l e s ta te t h a t i s p r o d u c e d by i m m i g r a nt s a d a pt i n g J o h a n n e s b u r gâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s i n n e r - c i t y m o d e r n i s t b u i l d i n g s . Lo c a te d w i t h i n t h e E t h i o p i a n Q u a r te r , E t h i o p i a n s u s e s o c i a l c o nt r a ct s a n d t h e i r c u s to m a r y p r a ct i c e s to s h a p e a r e a l - e s ta te. I n s o d o i n g , n ew l a n g u a g e s of u s e emerge that consider a sharing e c o n o my, te m p o r a l i t y, f r a ct i o n a l ow n e r s h i p , a n d s u r fa c e. T h r o u g h t h e d o c u m e nta t i o n of t h e a r c h i te ct u r e t h a t i s s u b s e q u e nt l y p r o d u c e d , we ex p l o r e r a d i c a l a l te r n a t i ve s to o u r commercial spaces.

116

ABOVE: Anatomic understanding of the Majesty Wholesale Centre, also known as the Medical Arts Building on Bree Street, Inner Johannesburg.

117

Measurements and Increments

RIGHT: Spatial arrangement of same extracted rentail spaces in the image below. BELOW: Quantification of unusual retail spaces in the Medical Arts Building to formulate new imaginings of Gross Letteble Area calculations for the building. FIRST FLOOR PLAN GLA = 893m2 FLOOR PLATE = 1104m2

118

UNDERSIDE OF STAIRS SHOP 1. External 2. Inaccessible 3. Display

ABLUTION SHOP 1. Internal 2. Accessible 3. Inhibited

LIFT SHOP 1. External 2. Inaccessible 3. Storage

PAVEMENT SHOP 1. External 2. Accessible 3.. Display

INFRASTRUCTURE SHOP 1. External 2. Inaccessible 3. Storage 4. Display

PASSAGE SHOP 1. Internal 2. Accessible 3. Display 4. Inhibited

119

Measurements and Increments Siyabonga Manyoni (M1)

WALL SHOP: A shop owner displays shoes on all vertical surfaces of his microshop. Shoes are one of the most sold goods in the precinct.

120

HORIZONTAL EXTRAPOLATIONS Shops unfold and extend outwards into the sidewalk area, extrapolating retail volumes. as tightly hung cloths are displayed and sold.

121

Measurements and Increments Siyabonga Manyoni (M1)

UPPER IMAGE: A trader brings in goods for re-sell at the Medical Arts Building.

122

LOWER IMAGE: Table retail on the sidewalk extensions from shops behind them.

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION 01: The Medical Arts Building. Vertical surfaces offer 4 times added dimension for retaill, contravening standard horizontal understanding of GLA.

123

Measurements and Increments Siyabonga Manyoni (M1)

UPPER IMAGE: Multiple enclave retail spaces on the ground floor of the Madiba’s Mall building.

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION 02: Columns become shops, as well as passages and service cores at Madiba Mall.

LOWER IMAGE: Passage retail in Madiba’s Mall.

124

125

Measurements and Increments

24 h rs Arbour Square

Braa mfontei n | Brea k i ng Bu l k Carvi ng Radi ca l Rea l Estate

Eff i c i ency

E ng i n e er i ng Va l u e

Ajit Mistry

Fraction a l

Aj it

Mistry

Mobi l i ty & Perm a n enc e Pa rki ng

Pop -U p M a rket

Rog u e E ngagem ent

Sh a red Economy Sp e ed

Ti m e

U n i t i sed Prod uct ivity

126

Di stortion | Ti m e - Len d i ng | Ti me-Zone

Vac ancy

127

Measurements and Increments

Vacancy: Toward Re-Scripted Temporal Efficiencies

Ajit Mistry (M1)

I n a c o ntex t of ex t r e m e i n e q u a l i t y, t h e fo r m a l p r o p e r t y m a r ket p e r p et u a te s a n d c o n s o l i d a te s c e nte r s of p owe r . I t s e e k s s e c u r i t y i n c o nve nt i o n r a t h e r t h a n i nve nt i o n . T h r o u g h exa m i n i n g s p a c e t h r o u g h t h e d i m e n s i o n of t i m e, t h e p r o j e ct te s t s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of a r a d i c a l r e a l - e s ta te t h a t i s h y p e r p e r fo r m a t i ve, f l ex i b l e a n d a d a pta b l e t h r o u g h t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n of t i m e. I t ta ke s a m u l t i - s to r y p a r k i n g l ot a n d m et i c u l o u s l y d o c u m e nt s t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s fo r va c a n cy a n d s u b s e q u e nt p r o g r a m m i n g . S p a c e i s c o n s i d e r e d t h r o u g h t i m e a s we l l a s s i ze a n d f u n ct i o n . N ew u s e s a r e p r o p o s e d t h a t m e et t h e a va i l a b i l i t y, s u g g e s t i n g a n ew o p p o r t u n i s t i c r e a l e s ta te f u t u r e.

128

INSIDE VERSUS OUTSIDE Inner city parking floor area is shown to be more lucrative compared to an inner city rental apartment. Both are sold for increment of time. .

129

Measurements and Increments Ajit Mistry (M1)

OCCUPATION OF THE SHELF 24 hour analysis of shop shelf vacancy and fluctuations. Analyses made on footage as observed through a surveillance camera..

130

131

Measurements and Increments Ajit Mistry (M1)

THIRD FLOOR VACANCIES Vacancies linger over time, alluding to possible non-functionality. What if this space was occupied by an alternate programme?

132

POP-UP-CULTURE Interactive model, exploring the effect pop-up stores have on their surrounding spaces.

133

Ajit Mistry (M1)

Measurements and Increments

ECONOMY OF STILLNESS: Architectural arrangements which employ illusive devises to fit more economic opportunity in less time; in a casino programme.

HOLDING AND GROWTH: Time as a factor to aggrandise monetary value, as in the bank programme.

134

135

Measurements and Increments Ajit Mistry (M1)

Exerpt study: PUBLIC PARKING ANALYSIS Density of vacancies for a segment of time in the afternoon.

136

Exerpt study: SECOND FLOOR Density of vacancies for the entire building for a segment of time in the afternoon.

137

Ajit Mistry (M1)

Measurements and Increments

PATTERNS IN VACANCY: 24 Hour anlaysis over 8 floors of use at Arbour Square, Braamfontein.

138

139

Measurements and Increments

Acces s Ci ty Banana

Col d C h a i n | Col la psed Va l u e Ch a i n De -M onopol isat ion

Expiry Date

Eff i c i ency

Ruan den Drijver (M1)

Food Se c u r ity

Good s

Ruan

den Drij ver

Joburg Ma rket

Log ist i c s

Prod uc e

Tran sportation

Productive Surfaces

Trade Route U n i t i sed Prod uct ivity | U rba n Developm ent Zon e | Urb an

Farm i ng

Yi eld

140

141

Measurements and Increments

Banana Republic: Recalibrating the Value Chain in an Agrarian Urbanism

Ruan den Drijver (M1)

T h e b a n a n a i n d u s t r y wa s ex p l o r e d to

BANANA VALUE CHAIN Produce, logistics, distance and time are pitted against each other to show emergent quality and resultant pricing of different banana grades that are eventually sold in Johannesburg.

i d e nt i f y h ow i n d u s t r i e s b u i l d va l u e c h a i n s to c r e a te ef f i c i e n cy a n d s u b s e q u e nt m o n o p o l i e s . To c h a l l e n g e c o r p o r a te m o n o p o l i e s a n d i nt r o d u c e g r e a te r a c c e s s to o p p o r t u n i t y, t h e va l u e c h a i n of s e l e cte d et h n i c a l l y d i ve r s e c r o p s a r e u s e d to c r e a te a u r b a n fa r m i n g e c o l o g y. A 1 m 2 fa r m i n g u n i t i s u s e d a s a m e a n s to r e c o nf i g u r e a l a r g e i n d u s t r i a l b u i l d i n g t h a t fo r m s t h e g e n e r a to r of a n i n n e r c i t y n e i g h b o u r h o o d . T h e n e i g h b o r h o o d i s s e r ve d by t h e p r o d u c e of t h e b u i l d i n g a n d v i c e ve r s a - c r e a t i n g a n et wo r ke d a n d i nte r d e p e n d e nt va l u e c h a i n b et we e n p r o d u c e a n d c i t y.

142

143

Measurements and Increments Ruan den Drijver (M1)

SUPPLY FARMS The farms that supply the Joburg Market with Bananas

144

HYPER-EFFICIENT DELIVERY: Overloading of a bakkie pushed to the maximum to reduce trips to and from the wholesale market to the Johannesburg CBD.

145

Measurements and Increments Ruan den Drijver (M1)

TECHNICAL DATA Infographic of empirical data used at a later stage to speculate possible de-monopolisiation and efficiencies.

146

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Once bananas arrive at the Johannesburg market, they are often carted to local traders and small markets in the Johannesburg central busines district on bakkies or small lorries. These are often overloaded and receive fines from Metro Police outside the market.

147

Measurements and Increments Ruan den Drijver (M1)

TOWARDS A SPECULATIVE CENTRALISED PRODUCE HUB Infographic of required sun requirements to grow prolifically consumed crops/farmed goods; in the Johannesburg context.

148

SPECULATIVE ADAPTION OF MODERNIST BUILDING TO URBAN FARM Using 1sqm as a basic unit of productive surface, various parts of a particular Johannesburg building were interrogated and speculated how they may be altered to become productive for urban farming.

149

Measurements and Increments Ruan den Drijver (M1)

FRACTAL 1ST FLOOR Farming diagram for one floor in Access City, showing maximized hydroponic and facade cropping, based on one square meter calculations of yield and required spatial resources.

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151

Man i pu lation s

S o m e a cto r s i n t h e u r b a n e nv i r o n m e nt a r e o b s e r ve d w h i c h a r e fo r c ef u l , d e m a n d i n g a c e r ta i n c o n s u m pt i ve a ct i o n to b e ta ke n o n

and Econom i es

by i t s s p e cta to r s . T h e s e m a n i p u l a te a p l a c e a n d m o m e nt to c r e a te o p p o r t u n i t y fo r t r a n s a ct i o n . O n e c a n n ot p a s s o r m ove t h r o u g h s u c h a c l a i m e d te r r i to r y w i t h o u t b e i n g

of th e Assa u lt

s u b j u g a te d . T h e l i m i t s to w h i c h t h i s i s u n d e r ta ke n i s s t u d i e d t h r o u g h a channel looking at aggressions i m p o s e d o n t h e v i s u a l ex p e r i e n c e of a p e r s o n i n t h e c i t y. T h i s i s exa m i n e d by t h e wa y t h a t o p p o r t u n i s t s h a ve p o s i t i o n e d t h e m s e l ve s i n t h e s e s p a c e s to ex p l o i t t h e s e v i s u a l

Yusuf Patel

152

p e r m i s s i o n s ( t h a t i s by t h e p r o s p e ct to b e s p otte d ) .

153

Manipulations and Economies of the Assault

Ang les of I nta ke Assault

Bi l lb oard |

Doub le Decker Dr i ve

Yusuf Patel (M1)

Eye-Tracki ng I n surgent Invol u nta r y Messag i ng

Yusuf M1

M obi l i ty & Perma n enc e

M otion | M otor i st

Patel Str i p Ter r i tor y | Oc u lar Ter r i tor y Productive Surfaces

Sp e ed

Traffi c Congestion

Tran saction Va l u e of Verti ca l Surfaces

Vert i c a l Gros s Letta b le Area

154

Wi nd screen

155

Manipulations and Economies of the Assault

Assault Economies

Yusuf Patel (M1)

T h e i nte n s e a n d a g g r e s s i ve t r a n s a ct i o n s a r e t h a t i m p o s e d o nto c i t i ze n s ( a s s a u l t e c o n o m i e s ) a r e of i nte r e s t i n t h i s p r o j e ct. T h e wo r k suggests that these economies are p a r t of t h e J o h a n n e s b u r g l a n d s c a p e a n d s e e k s to u n d e r s ta n d a n d s u b s e q u e nt l y m a n i p u l a te i t s l o g i c , m ot i va t i o n s a n d o p e r a t i o n s . T h r o u g h t h e p e r s p e ct i ve ( eye s ) of t h e m oto r c a r d r i ve r , t h e v i s u a l f i e l d i s r i g o r o u s l y d o c u m e nte d i n r e l a t i o n to b i l l b o a r d s t h a t f i g ht fo r c o n s u m e r s va l u a b l e a tte nt i o n . I t r eve a l s n ew e c o n o m i c a n d a s s a u l t c a r to g r a p h i e s w i t h p o s s i b i l i t i e s to o p e r a te t h r o u g h and within these assaults.

156

DRIVE THROUGH Amount of money a motoristâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gaze is worth when passing a particular billboard for a particular segment of time, in a particular traffic condition.

157

Manipulations and Economies of the Assault Yusuf Patel (M1)

EXCHANGE Depiction of interactions of manouvres and exchanges of window washers at a traffic light on Empire Road, Johannesburg.

158

SENSORY ASSAULT Experiencing the window washer: Involuntary insurgent activity of an opportunist to retrieve back fees for a service that was not necessarily agreed upon.

159

Manipulations and Economies of the Assault Yusuf Patel (M1)

CORPORATE ASSAULT Two-directional depiction of messaging along a particular segment of the M1 highway.

160

ASSAULT EXPOSURE Measuring the time passengers are exposed to messaging..

DEGREES OF ASSAULT Angles at which the vehicle and driver is exposed to the billboard.

161

Yusuf Patel (M1)

Manipulations and Economies of the Assault

COLLAPSED DOUBLE DECKER 01 Drawings In Motion.

COLLAPSED DOUBLE DECKER 02 Drawings in Motion.

LAYERED CONSUMPTIVE TERRITORIES Explorations through moving images, light and material to identify modes for attention-grabbing.

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Manipulations and Economies of the Assault Yusuf Patel (M1)

ASSAULT CATALOGUE Chatergorizing of billboard types along the stymied M1 hiighway strip.

164

BILLBOARD TYPE 01 Spatial deconstruction of the architectural and structural components of the make-up of an advertising board, including a study of the value of vertical facade surface for adverting, versus the value of land on which the board was erected.

165

Pu mflet: Spectre

In collaboration with Ilze Wolff supported by Meghan Ho-Tong

166

167

Pumflet Week GSA Unit 14 Class of 2017 and Ilze Wolff & Meghan Ho-Tong

Pumflet & UNIT 14 The collaboration sought to employ the immersive - cut & paste method of revealing narratives to hone in on the primary inquiries of student work. A publication â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Spectreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; was created to hold these stories and agendas.

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169

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171

Afterword: Rogues & Vaga bond s

Professor Lesley Lokko Head of School,, Graduate School of Architecture, University of Johannesburg

Johannesburg CBD Photo by Counterspace 2017.

172

173

Rogues and Vagabonds

‘ R o g u e s , wo u l d yo u l i ve fo r eve r ? ’

o n a h u n c h . We b e l i eve s o m et h i n g

- Frederick the Great

ex t r a o r d i n a r y ex i s t s e m b e d d e d d e e p

Prof Lesley Lokko

amongst the mayhem, chaos and

174

E ve r y s o of te n , a n i d e a c o m e s

m a d n e s s of J o h a n n e s b u r g a n d we

a l o n g t h a t i s b ot h p r e s c i e nt a n d

wa nt a p i e c e of i t. ’ A s t h e h e a d of

a r c h a i c , a l m o s t s i m u l ta n e o u s l y.

a s c h o o l t h a t wo r k s a l m o s t e nt i r e l y

T h i r e s h G ove n d e r , i n c o l l a b o r a t i o n

o n h u n c h e s , I ’ ve c o m e to t r u s t t h e

w i t h ex te r n a l r e s e a r c h e r s J h o n o

s ta te m e nt a n d t h e s e nt i m e nt m o r e

B e n n ett, S a r a h d e V i l l i e r s , Va l e nt i n a

i m p l i c i t l y t h a n m o s t. T h e p e n u l t i m a te

M a n e nte a n d Tu l i z a S i n d i , h a ve ta u g ht

line in their Unit blurb ran thus: ‘Unit

U n i t 1 4 a t t h e G S A , U n i ve r s i t y of

14 aligns with a larger research

J o h a n n e s b u r g fo r t wo ye a r s r u n n i n g .

i nte r e s t a r o u n d e m e r g e nt s p a t i a l

T h ey a r e a b o u t to e m b a r k o n t h e i r

c o n d i t i o n s towa r d s m a k i n g a n

t h i r d ye a r , a l t h o u g h m e m b e r s ’

a r c h i te ct u r e t h a t i s m o r e r e s p o n s i ve

r o l e s – l i ke a l l g o o d c o l l e ct i ve s –

to t h e ex t r e m e r e a l i t y of t h i s c i t y

h a ve m ove d a n d c h a n g e d a s t h e

a n d i t s p e o p l e. ’ S o m u c h , s o wa f f l e.

c o l l e ct i ve h a s g r ow n i n c o nf i d e n c e

I t ’s w h a t eve r yo n e w h o wo r k s ‘o n’

a n d s c a l e. Wa tc h i n g a ny t h i n g f r o m

J o h a n n e s b u r g s a y s . Ye a r 1 wa s t r i c k y.

t h e s i d e l i n e s i s a ( m o s t l y ) e n j oya b l e

C h a ot i c. U n c l e a r . T h e wo r k ve e r e d

ex p e r i e n c e, p a r t i c u l a r l y w h e n i t ’s a n

b et we e n a n u m b e r of k n ow n p o l e s :

u n r u l y s c h o o l of a r c h i te ct u r e i n i t s

m a p p i n g , a n a l y s i s , l ex i c o n s , m o r e

p r i m a l , p r i m o r d i a l i nfa n cy : i n s p i te

m a p p i n g , m o r e a n a l y s i s . At t h e e n d

of t h e s l e e p l e s s n i g ht s c a u s e d by

of ye a r s h ow, o n l y a h a n d f u l of

s ta f f i n g c r i s e s , b u d g et t r a u m a s a n d

U n i t 1 4 s t u d e nt s s h owe d u p to p i n

a c u r r i c u l u m s o n ew i t ’s i m p o s s i b l e

u p t h e i r wo r k , a n i n d i c a t i o n t h a t

to p r e d i ct w h e r e i t w i l l g o, a ke e n

n e i t h e r t h e s u b j e ct m a tte r n o r t h e

i n s t i n ct r e m a i n s fo r t h e i n s t i n ct.

m et h o d o l o g y of t h e U n i t h a d q u i te

I n ot h e r wo r d s , i f i t ‘f e e l s r i g ht ’ , i t

fo u n d i t s m a r k . Pe p ta l k s , h e a r t - to -

probably is. So it is with Unit 14.

h e a r t s , n ew te a m m e m b e r s , a b r e a k

I n 2 0 1 6 , t h e i r i n a u g u r a l ye a r , t h ey

fo r t h e s u m m e r h o l i d a y s . Yet t h e r e

b o l d l y d e c l a r e d , ‘ U n i t 1 4 wo r k s

wa s a s i g n , a l b e i t s m a l l , of t h i n g s to

175

Rogues and Vagabonds

c o m e. Og u n d a r e O l a wa l e I s r a e l , a

S o m ew h e r e i n t h e f i r s t q u a r te r of

N i g e r i a n s t u d e nt w h o’ d e nte r e d t h e

t h e ye a r w h e n s ta f f a n d f i n a l - ye a r

G S A w i t h p o s s i b l y t h e we a ke s t s k i l l s et

s t u d e nt s a r e u n d e r p r e s s u r e to

I h a ve p e r s o n a l l y eve r w i t n e s s e d ( a n d

c o n s o l i d a te t h e i r r e s e a r c h i nte r e s t s ,

I i nte r v i ewe d h i m ) , wa l ke d of f w i t h

i d e a s a n d p r o j e ct s , T h i r e s h , J h o n o,

t h e ‘ m o s t i m p r ove d ’ p r i ze.

a h a p l e s s f i n a l - ye a r s t u d e nt a n d I h a d o n e of t h o s e i n - h i n d s i g ht -

Ye a r 2 s ta r te d of f b a d l y. St u d e nt s

a p o c a l y pt i c - m e et i n g s i n w h i c h

a r e a n oto r i o u s l y f i c k l e b u n c h .

te m p e r s we r e r a i s e d a n d u l t i m a t u m s

I n c o m i n g f i r s t - ye a r M a s te r s s t u d e nt s

we r e t h r ow n .

Prof Lesley Lokko

l i s te n e d to t h e g o s s i p f r o m t h o s e w h o’ d g o n e b efo r e t h e m . . . a n d

A n d t h e n s u d d e n l y, i t a l l f e l l i nto

vote d w i t h t h e i r f e et. Wi t h o n l y

p l a c e.

te n s t u d e nt s , T h i r e s h a n d h i s te a m s c r a m b l e d i n t h o s e f i r s t f ew we e k s

To d e s c r i b e t h e t r a j e cto r y of t h e

to b ot h r e c ove r f r o m t h e c o nf i d e n c e

wo r k t h i s ye a r , i t ’s p e r h a p s b e s t a n d

b l ow ( a n d l et m e b e t h e f i r s t to

m o s t i l l u m i n a t i n g to s ta r t e l s ew h e r e.

a d m i t i t : i t i s a b l ow ) a n d m a p o u t a m o r e c o m p e l l i n g v i s i o n of t h e

‘ At 3 a . m . o n e M a r c h m o r n i n g ,

f u t u r e. T h e i r f u t u r e. I n t h e 2 0 1 6

M a ye s o G wa n d a , a n i nfo r m a l t r a d e r ,

p o s te r , t h e b l u r b b o l d l y s ta te d , ‘ w i t h

l ef t h i s h o m e i n B l a nt y r e, M a l a w i , a n d

a n e c o n o m i c t r a n s i t i o n d ef e r r e d , a l l

t r a ve l e d to t h e n e a r by L i m b e m a r ket.

o r d e r s of s o c i et y h a ve ta ke n i t u p o n

He carried with him the plastic bags

t h e m s e l ve s to c a r ve o u t a l te r n a t i ve

h e s e l l s i n o r d e r to e a r n a l i v i n g . A s

e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s t h a t m e et

h e m a d e h i s wa y a l o n g t h e r o a d ,

t h e i r s p e c i f i c n e e d s . ’ T h e r e we r e a

t h r e e p o l i c e of f i c e r s i nte r c e pte d

f ew c h o i c e a d j e ct i ve s : ‘s u bve r s i ve’ ,

h i m . O n e of t h e of f i c e r s s t r u c k h i m

‘e l u s i ve’ , ‘ h i g h l y s o p h i s t i c a te d ’ a n d

w i t h t h e f l a t s i d e of a k n i f e a n d

‘ h y p e r - r e s p o n s i ve’ , b u t t h e s e we r e –

d e m a n d e d m o n ey. W h e n h e to l d

a s yet – u n r e a l i s e d i n t h e wo r k .

t h e m h e h a d n o n e, t h ey a r r e s te d h i m fo r a 1 9 2 - ye a r - o l d of f e n s e,

176

177

Rogues and Vagabonds

i nt r o d u c e d i n B r i ta i n d u r i n g t h e r e i g n

fo r m a t i o n . I t b r i n g s to g et h e r d e s i g n ,

of Q u e e n V i cto r i a a n d to i t s c o l o n i e s

s p a t i a l a wa r e n e s s , n ew g r a p h i c

i n t h e e a r l y 1 9 3 0 s . M a ye s o wa s

languages, economics and ambition

c h a r g e d w i t h b e i n g “a r o g u e a n d a

i n wa y s t h a t I d o n’ t b e l i eve we’ ve

va g a b o n d . ” ’

s e e n b efo r e. I t i s fa n c i f u l ( i n t h a t i t ’s r o ote d i n t h e i m a g i n a t i o n ) b u t i t ’s

Prof Lesley Lokko

https://www. opensocietyfoundations. org/voices/rogues-andvagabonds-no-moreending-africa-s-imperiallegacy-absurd-pettyoffenses. Retrieved 10 November 2019.

A l t h o u g h t h e te r m s ‘r o g u e’ a n d

r i g o r o u s , u n s e nt i m e nta l , u nf l i n c h i n g i n

‘ va g a b o n d ’ r ef e r to a n e a r l i e r a g e

i t s i nve nt i ve c a p a c i t i e s . A s e m e r g e nt

a n d s o c i et y, i n t h e wo r k of U n i t

d i s c o u r s e s g o, i t ’s t h e b e s t of f e r i n g

1 4 ’s 2 0 1 7 s t u d e nt s , fo r p e r h a p s

of t h e G S A t h u s fa r . M y r e s p o n s e to

t h e f i r s t t i m e, t h e r e a r e c l e a r

F r e d e r i c k t h e G r e a t ’s p r ovo c a t i o n ?

i n d i c a t i o n s of t h e t r a n s fo r m a t i ve

Ye s , ye s , ye s .

p owe r of l a n g u a g e, s p e c i f i c a l l y t h e i r s . T h e r e a r e s u bve r s i ve m a p s in which the clear, coded hierarchy of i nfo r m a t i o n h a s b e e n i nve r te d ; m e d i c a l i m a g i n g te c h n i q u e s ex p o s e t h e i nte r i o r of a b u s , c o l l a p s i n g t r a d e a n d s u r ve i l l a n c e ; a s t u d e nt a ct s h i s wa y t h r o u g h t h e c i t y i n s ta g e d p e r fo r m a n c e s , g a i n i n g i n s i g ht s t h a t a r e b ot h u n i ve r s a l a n d s i n g u l a r , ex p a n d i n g o u r u n d e r s ta n d i n g of r e s e a r c h a n d of r e s e a r c h m et h o d o l o g i e s i n p a r t i c u l a r . T h i s i s n ew te r r i to r y. I t i s s u bve r s i ve a n d e l u s i ve, h i g h l y - s o p h i s t i c a te d a n d h y p e r - r e s p o n s i ve, exa ct l y a s t h ey c l a i m e d . T h e wo r k i s yo u n g . I t ’s i n

178

179

Acknowledgements

180

181

A w i l d u n d e r ta k i n g s u c h a s t h i s U n i t a n d t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n

T h e G S A U n i t 1 4 c l a s s of 2 0 1 7 fo r t h e i r c o nt r i b u te d

i s n ot d o n e i n i s o l a t i o n a n d we a c k n ow l e d g e t h e

c o nte nt of t h e i r t h e s i s p r o j e ct s ; i n c l u d i n g :

g e n e r o u s a n d u nwa ve r i n g s u p p o r t of o u r f r i e n d s

Ke n n e d y C h i ke r e m a .

a n d fa m i l i e s . Wi t h r e g a r d s to t h e p r o d u ct i o n of t h i s

R o e l of d e J a g e r ,

p u b l i c a t i o n , we wo u l d l i ke to t h a n k :

R u a n d e n D r i j ve r , J i ya n e Ku m a l o,

T h e G r a d u a te S c h o o l of A r c h i te ct u r e, U n i ve r s i t y of

S i ya b o n g a M a nyo n i ,

J o h a n n e s b u r g fo r i t s f i n a n c i a l a n d i n s t i t u t i o n a l

S i t h e m b e l e M a s e l wa ,

s u p p o r t.

A j i t M i s t r y, I s r a e l Og u n d a r e,

T h e c o nt r i b u t i n g w r i te r s to t h i s b o o k :

Yu s u f Pa te l a n d

E d g a r P i ete r s e ( Af r i c a n C e nt r e fo r C i t i e s D i r e cto r )

B i n a y ka R a m a .

P r of e s s o r Le s l ey Lo k ko ( H e a d of S c h o o l , G S A U J ) Ke s s ete Te k i e ( I nve s t m e nt B a n k Te c h n o l o g i s t )

T h e G S A U n i t 1 4 c l a s s of 2 0 1 6 :

T h e G S A U n i t 1 4 s ta f f b o d y ove r 2 0 1 6 / 2 0 1 7 fo r t h e i r

Nicholas Abrahams, Ilsa Anne Archilles, Manqoba D l u n g wa n e, C a r l a G a u m , J o h a n n Le R o u x , Le b o h a n g

c o nt r i b u t i o n to t h e wo r k p u b l i s h e d ; i n c l u d i n g :

Let s o i s a , G i ta M a ka n , V i cto r M a r t i n s , M f u n d o

T h i r e s h G ove n d e r ( U n i t Le a d e r )

M a g o n g o, S i m o n M a n u e l a n d Le b o h a n g M a yo n a i .

J h o n o B e n n ett ( U n i t Tu to r ) Tu l i z a S i n d i ( U n i t Tu to r )

F r i e n d s of t h e U n i t ( b ot h v i s i t i n g c r i t i c s a n d a d v i s o r s ) :

S a r a h d e V i l l i e r s ( U n i t Tu to r )

Dirk Bahmann

M a x we l l M u ta n d a

Va l e nt i n a M a n e nte ( U n i t A s s i s ta nt )

P r of e s s o r To m a B e r l a n d a

L i z Og b u

Beatrice De Carli

P r of e s s o r Lo n e Po u l s e n

Sarah Calburn

Ta n ze e m R a z a k

A n d r ew C h a r m a n

Julia Scheller

Thomas Chapman

Ste p h e n Stey n

J e a n - P i e r r e d e l a Po r te

Ke s s ete Te k i e

Ste p h e n H o b b s

G u y Tr a n g o s

L i n d s a y H owe B l a i r

E r i c Wr i g ht

P r of e s s o r H a n n a h l e R o u x

C a r o l i n e Wa n j i k u K i h a to

Zen Marie

H e i n r i c h Wo l f f

Mpho Matsipa

Ta nya Z a c k

I l ze Wo l f f a n d M e g h a n H o - To n g fo r t h e i r c o nt r i b u te d P u mf l et m a s te r c l a s s i n Au g u s t 2 0 1 7 . D e n i s e F o u c h e fo r l o g i s t i c a l s u p p o r t. C o u nte r s p a c e fo r t h e g r a p h i c d e s i g n a n d l a yo u t compilation.

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Brand Access Photo by Ajit Mistry 2017.

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