Abstract 2006-2007 by Columbia GSAPP

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND PRESERVATION ABSTRACT 06/07

ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION: 017 ABSTRACTION Todd Rouhe, Madeline Schwartzman + Monica Tiulescu INFRASTRUCTURE & POVERTY 018 ACTION LAB Sumila Gulyani ARCHITECTURE OF 024 ADDITIONS Paul Byard 024 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND STAFF 025 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS 026 AGENT_CODE MORPHOLOGIES AND POST-EMPIRE PATTERN RECOGNITION: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Ed Keller THE 027 ALEPH: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Galia Solomonoff SEARCH: ADVANCED 028 ALGORITHMIC DESIGN Mark Collins, Toru Hasegawa GSAPP OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT AND 029 ALUMNI RELATIONS 036 AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE BEFORE 1876 Andrew Dolkart 036 AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE HISTORY SINCE 1876 Jorge Otero-Pailos 037 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES: CONSERVATION, AND MAINTENANCE Pamela Jerome 037 ARCHITECTURE AFTER 1945 Felicity Scott 038 ARCHITECTURE. URBANISM. SPATIAL POLITICS. Felicity Scott 038 ATMOSPHERES: CORE STUDIO 1 Alice Chun, Janette Kim, Frederic Levrat, Philip Parker, Yoshiko Sato, Galia Solomonoff + Mark Wasiuta

046 AVERY ARCHITECTURAL AND FINE ARTS LIBRARY 047 AWARDS/FELLOWSHIPS 049 BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM Karen Fairbanks BEYOND 050 BEAUTY: THE SUBLIME AND THE PICTURESQUE Mary McLeod THE POTENTIAL OF OBSOLETE 050 BELIEFS 051 BITFORMS Liubo Borissov, Dana Karwas 052 BOLTS 2 BITS ARCHITECTS AND THEIR 052 BOOKS Jeannie Kim COLUMBIA LAB FOR ARCHITECTURAL 053 BROADCASTING Jeffrey Inaba THE TEMPLE HOYNE 061 BUELL CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE Joan Ochman + Sarah Goldsmith 063 BUILDING SYSTEMS 1 Jay Hibbs, Anthony Webster 065 BUILDING SYSTEMS 2 Jay Hibbs, David Wallance 067 BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES Anthony Webster MODERNIZATION, NATIONAL IMAGE AND IDEOLOGY: ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY IN 068 CHINA, 1900 – 1953 RING AROUND PEOPLE'S PARK, SHANGHAI, 068 CHINA: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Jeffrey Johnson with Qingyun Ma + Tao Zhu 069 CHOICE BY DESIGN: PLANNED PARENTHOOD QUEENS: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Ana Miljacki

DRIFT 070 CINEMA: PRACTICE + THEORY (POST-EMPIRE DRIFT CINEMA) Ed Keller 071 CITY, IDEOLOGY AND FORM Pier Aureli FIGURES OF THE CITY IN THE ANCIEN RÉGIME, OR THE POLICE, THE CITY, AND THE URBAN IMAGINARY FROM LOUIS XIV TO THE REVOLUTION, OR EVEN STATE, 072 CIVIL SOCIETY, ARCHITECTURE: A CRITIQUE OF THE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE GOOD CITY 072 CLIMB 155TH STREET (CITY LIFE IS MOVING BODIES): ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Richard Plunz

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF REMITTANCES ON THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF 073 COLOMBIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE HOUSING MARKET 073 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Lance Freeman 074 CONEY ISLAND: FOUR PARADOXES, FOUR OPPORTUNITIES!: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Peter Cook with Jeffrey Johnson ARCHITECTURE 075 CONSERVATION LABS I, II + III George Wheeler 075 CONSERVATION SEMINAR: ARCHITECTURAL FINISHES Mary Jablonski 075 CONSERVATION SEMINAR: METALS Richard Pieper 076 CONSERVATION WORKSHOP Mary Jablonski SUMMARY OF URBAN 076 CONSTELLATION: ENCOUNTERING THE CITY: URBAN DESIGN STUDIO Andrea Kahn, Charlie Cannon, Phu Duong, Gretchen Schneider + Raymond Sih

078 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Irving Fisher ARCHITECTURE: THE 078 CONTEMPORARY (FROM 1968 – PRESENT) Bernard Tschumi 079 CONTROL | POWER | FLOW: IMAGINATION OR INSURRECTION: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO: SUMMER AAD Ed Keller with Douglas Diaz TWO 080 CONURBATIONS IN EVOLUTION: QUITO AND GUAYAQUIL: URBAN DESIGN STUDIO Richard Plunz, Mojdeh Baratloo, Ana Maria Duran, Ira Mia Jones-Cimini + Victoria Marshall

082 COOL-AID 2.0—HEALTH: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD Jane Harrison 083 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS Michael Bell ARCHITECTURE OF THE 084 COSMOPOLIS Esra Akcan DESIGN AND 084 CRIME: FORM FOLLOWS FAILURE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Laura Kurgan 085 CRISIS OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF CRISIS Yolande Daniels ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 085 CRITICS 086 CULTURAL SITE MANAGEMENT Pamela Jerome TOPICS IN ARCHITECTURE 087 CULTURE FROM WORLD WAR II TO THE 1960's Joan Ockman ADVANCED 087 CURTAIN WALLS Robert Heintges

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA'S 088 DANCE AND PERFORMING ARTS CENTER: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Steven Holl + Nick Gelpi SPATIAL 089 DATAFORMING Cory Clarke ARCHITECTURAL 089 DAYLIGHTING Davidson Norris 090 DEAN'S STATEMENT THE CENTER FOR HIGH 092 DENSITY DEVELOPMENT Michael Buckley ARCHITECTURAL 100 DESIGN 1 Maria Gray, Janette Kim, David Smiley, + Michael Webb ARCHITECTURAL 102 DESIGN 2 Kadambari Baxi, Karen Fairbanks, Todd Rouhe, + Kim Yao 104 DESIGNING DESIGN/DESIGNING ASSEMBLY: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Scott Marble POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT OF 105 DEVELOPMENT John Alschuler + Carl Weisbrod INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE 105 DEVELOPMENT Charles Laven NEW PATTERNS OF METROPOLITAN 105 DEVELOPMENT Thomas Wright REAL ESTATE 106 DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY STUDIO Michael Buckley 109 DEVELOPMENTAL THREATS ALONG THE UPPER DELAWARE RIVER TWELVE 110 DIALOGICAL AND POETIC STRATEGIES Yehuda Safran 110 DIAMONDS: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD David Turnbull THE 112 DICTIONARY OF RECEIVED IDEAS: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Enrique Walker FUNDAMENTALS OF 113 DIGITAL DESIGN Joshua Uhl + Christopher Whitelaw URBAN 114 DIGITAL DESIGN (FUNDAMENTALS FOR PLANNERS) Timothy Boyle 114 DIGITAL DETAILING/COMPLEX ASSEMBLAGE Phillip Anzalone, Mark Collins + Toru Hasegawa 115 DIGITAL SHOW THE SITUATED HOUSE: A NEW POSTHUMAN 116 DOMESTICITY: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD Mabel Wilson THE UNIVERSAL TEMPORARY 117 DOOR: A LOW-TECH SOLUTION FOR IMMEDIATE NEEDS ARCHITECTURAL 117 DRAWING Babak Bryan, Alice Chun, Philip Parker, Nicole Robertson + Rhett Russo ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL 117 DRAWING Michael Webb 120 DWELLINGS, DEVIATIONS, MUTATIONS, SPECIES: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD Hernan Diaz Alonso FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN 122 ECONOMICS Moshe Adler 122 EDITOR'S STATEMENT Scott Marble 122 ENCLOSURES AND ENVIRONMENTS I Anthony Webster + Mayine Yu 124 ENCLOSURES AND ENVIRONMENTS II Mahadev Raman 125 END GAMES Felicity Scott 125 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Graham Trelstad TECHNIQUES OF PROJECT 125 EVALUATION Moshe Adler 126 EVENTS Benjamin Prosky 135 EXHIBITIONS: ARCHITECTURE GALLERIES Mark Wasiuta 137 FABRICATING/ASSEMBLING SENSATION 138 FABRICATING ARCHITECTURE: NEW MATERIALS AND FABRICATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE BROOKLYN WATERFRONT: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Laurie Hawkinson AVERY DIGITAL 139 FABRICATION LAB Scott Marble 147 FACULTY 150 FAST TIMES/FAKE PLACES John Szot THE ARCHITECTURE OF 150 FEAR REAL ESTATE 150 FINANCE (ADVANCED) Thomas Boytinck + Scott Fishbone REAL ESTATE 151 FINANCE (INTRODUCTION) Joshua Kahr 151 FINANCIAL DISTRICT STUDIO: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Gordon Kipping PUBLIC 152 FINANCING OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT Richard Froehlich COMPARATIVE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BUILT 152 FORM Kenneth Frampton RETHINKING 152 FORM Joan Ockman TOPOLOGICAL STUDY OF 153 FORM José Sánchez SIMULATION AS THE ORIGIN OF TANGIBLE 154 FORM José Sánchez MECHANICS OF 155 FORM Kenneth Tracy THINK TANK 2.1: EMPTY 156 FORM: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Reinhold Martin THE 157 FORMAL AND THE POLITICAL Pier Aureli THE RE 157 FUTURE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Jürgen Mayer H. + Marc Kushner B.U.G.—BIG URBAN 158 GAME Lian Chang + Mike Sharon 159 GENERIC CITY: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Karl Chu INSTITUTE FOR 160 GENETIC ARCHITECTURE Karl Chu INTRODUCTION TO 168 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Sarah Williams ADVANCED TOPICS IN 169 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 169 GLEAM FABRICS AND TYPOLOGIES: NEW YORK/ 170 GLOBAL Richard Plunz NEW URBAN SPACES OF 170 GLOBALIZATION Peter Marcuse 170 GRADUATES 173 HEALTH WORK AND WELFARE REGIMES Smita Srinivas LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN'S LANGUAGE GAME AS A 173 HEURISTIC DEVICE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Yehuda Safran

174 HISTORIC PRESERVATION COLLOQUIUM Paul Bentel 174 HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM Paul Byard URBAN 175 HISTORY Daniel Sherer 176 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 Mary McLeod 176 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 Kenneth Frampton 176 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN CITY Gwendolyn Wright 177 HISTORY/THEORY Kenneth Frampton SEIZING THE MEANS OF CONSUMPTION: KOOPERATIVA FÖRBUNDET AND THE SWEDISH 177 HOME, 1924 – 1957 177 HOTHOUSE(S): PROTOTYPES, ASSEMBLIES AND ARCHITECTURE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Hani Rashid THE COLUMBIA PROJECT ON 179 HOUSING Michael Bell INTRODUCTION TO 187 HOUSING Lance Freeman MODERN 187 HOUSING AT THE MILLENIUM Gwendolyn Wright AFFORDABLE 187 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Michael Skebutenas 188 HOUSING THE MILLIONS: RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN NEW YORK CITY, 1910 – 1940 Andrew Dolkart 188 HOUSING: AND: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3 David Turnbull 189 HOUSING: BROADWAY TRIANGLE: URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Lance Freeman NEW SPACES OF 190 HOUSING: RE-STRUCTURING OF PUBLIC HOUSING Michael Bell + Michael Skrebutenas 191 HOUSING: REVERSE THEN FORWARD: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3 Michael Bell THE /EXO/STRUCTURES OF 192 HOUSING: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3 Laura Kurgan LOT-EK 193 HOUSING: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3 Giuseppe Lignano + Ada Tolla 194 HOUSING: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3 Scott Marble 195 HOUSING: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3 Karla Rothstein SPATIAL 197 INFORMATION DESIGN LAB Laura Kurgan + Sarah Williams 205 INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 205 INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Sumila Gulyani 205 INTERFACES, NEW MEDIA AND THE ARCHITECTURE MACHINE GROUP Kazys Varnelis 206 INTERNATIONAL STUDIO: URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Georgia Sarkin + Joyce Rosenthal TRANSFORMATION IN/OF ARCHITECTURE: 206 INTERPRETATION AS AN AESTHETIC AND INTELLECTUAL PROJECT Jorge Otero-Pailos NEW YORK COUNTERBALANCE: SPATIAL STRATEGIES FOR CIVIL 207 INTERVENTION: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 3 Keith Kaseman 208 INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE Madeline Schwartzman, Monica Tiulescu 209 ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE, 1400 – 1600; REGOLA AND INVENZIONE Daniel Sherer 210 JAPAN LAB FOR ARCHITECTURE Yoshiko Sazo TRADITIONAL 214 JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE Kunio Kudo 214 JAPANESE URBANISM Lynne Breslin FINAL DESIGN REVIEW 214 JURIES FALL 2006 FINAL DESIGN REVIEW 220 JURIES SPRING 2007 ENVIRONMENTAL 226 JUSTICE: PLANNING, POLITICS AND PRACTICE Jason Corburn 226 KAZAKHSTAN: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Jeffrey Inaba ELEMENTS OF 227 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Nicholas Quennel URBAN 228 LANDSCAPE RESEARCH LAB Kate Orff 236 LANDSCAPE, INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERVENTION Kate Orff THE POSSIBILITY OF A COLLECTIVE 236 LANDSCAPE DUNSINK URBAN 237 LANDSCAPE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Kate Orff PRESERVATION 238 LAW Dorothy Miner REAL ESTATE 238 LAW Nansi Friedman 238 LIGHT MATERIAL AND PERCEPTION Linnaea Tillet 239 LIVING ARCHITECTURE David Benjamin + Soo-in Yang 240 LIVING ARCHITECTURE LAB David Benjamin + Soo-in Yang 248 LOGISTICS: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Kazys Varnelis THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO URBAN 249 MANAGEMENT Peter Marcotullio THE MACHINIC 249 MANIFOLD 250 MATERIAL EXPLORATIONS Phillip Anzalone + Keith Kaseman 252 MATERIAL POTENCY Alisa Andrasek 253 MATERIALS AND METHODS IN ARCHITECTURE Vincent Lee THE PROBLEM OF 254 MEDIA IN MODERN ART AND CULTURE 254 MESHING David Fano ACCUMULATIVE 254 MICRO-BEHAVIORS: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Hernan Diaz Alonso ZERO RESTRAIN 255 MOBILITY 256 MODERN ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS: URBANISM AND DOMESTIC CULTURE, ATHENS 1941 – 1974 EXOTIC MODERNS: CITY, SPACE, & OTHER 256 MODERNITIES Jyoti Hosagrahar LOT-EK 256 MONOGRAPH STUDIO: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Giuseppe Lignano + Ada Tolla ALGORITHMIC 257 MORPHOLOGY Cory Clarke 258 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LAB Kazys Varnelis 266 NETWORK CITY Kazys Varnelis

ENVIRONMENTS OF DESIGN: 266 NEW ORLEANS NOW Laura Kurgan 267 NEW YORK—PARIS PROGRAM Danielle Smoller 268 NEW YORK DESIGN STUDIO Thomas DeMonchaux, William Feuerman + Danielle Smoller 269 NEXT CITY: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD Thomas Leeser 270 NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS UNIT Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelow 278 NOT NOT ARCHITECTURE 13: DOUBLE ZERO CITY: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Andrew MacNair FROM PAN TO EUROPAN: LE PROGRAMME D'ARCHITECTURE 279 NOUVELLE AND FURTHER RECONFIGURING THE 279 OFFICE/LANDSCAPE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Marc Tsurumaki THE 280 ORACLE MACHINE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Karl Chu 281 ORGANIZATION AND ABSTRACTION: THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOM FROM 1933 – 1956 282 PAPER STRUCTURE 282 PARIS DESIGN STUDIO Pierre David + Alain Salomon 283 PARIS URBAN STUDIES WORKSHOP James Njoo 283 PARK AVENUE REDUX: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Lise Anne Couture ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION: 284 PERCEPTION Kadambari Baxi, Janette Kim, + Madeline Schwartzman ARCHITECTURE 285 PH.D. PROGRAM Reinhold Martin ARCHITECTURAL 286 PHOTOGRAPHY Erieta Attali HISTORY & THEORY OF 287 PLANNING Robert Beauregard LAND USE 287 PLANNING Jonathan Martin POLITICS OF 287 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION Ethel Sheffer SITE 288 PLANNING AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS Graham Trelstad ENVIRONMENTAL 288 PLANNING FOR AN URBANIZING WORLD Peter Marcotullio 288 PLANNING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Nora Libertun URBAN 289 PLANNING PROGRAM Elliot Sclar URBAN 289 PLANNING PH.D. PROGRAM Robert Beauregard TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND URBAN SOCIAL 290 POLICY Smita Srinivas QUADRANTE AND THE 294 POLITICIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE IN FASCIST ITALY 294 POLITICS OF SPACE: CITIES, INSTITUTIONS AND EVENTS Mary McLeod 294 PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMATS David Reinfurt 295 POST PUBLIC: CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 2 Alisa Andrasek, Michael Bell, Alice Chun, Yolande Daniels, Jeannie Kim, Philip Parker, Mark Rakatansky + Karla Rothstein

303 POWER GRID: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO: SUMMER AAD Mark Wasiuta VIRTUAL VOLCANO: A CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF INDIGENOUS 304 POWER: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE + PRESERVATION STUDIO 5 Paul Byard + Craig Konyk INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE CONSERVATION 305 PRACTICE John Stubbs CULTIVATING CRITICAL 306 PRACTICE Ana Miljacki PROFESSIONAL 306 PRACTICE Paul Segal WORKSHOP IN PLANNING 307 PRACTICE Jason Corburn VISIONARY METHODS OF 307 PRACTICE Mathan Ratinam THEORY AND PRACTICE OF HISTORIC 308 PRESERVATION John Stubbs CURRENT ISSUES IN THE 308 PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES David Sampson 308 PRESERVATION PLANNING Carol Clark 309 PRESERVATION STUDIO I: WHY SAVE THIS BUILDING? Paul Byard, Françoise Bollack, Andrew Dolkart, + Craig Konyk 309 PRESERVATION STUDIO II: HOW TO SAVE THESE RESOURCES? Françoise Bollack, Andrew Dolkart, Dorothy Miner + Jorge Otero-Pailos

311 PROCESSING PROCESSING David Reinfurt DESIGN AND 312 PUBLIC HEALTH Mary Northridge + Elliott Sclar 312 PUBLIC SPACE AND RECOMBINANT URBANISM Grahame Shane OFFICE OF 312 PUBLICATIONS 314 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Robert Paley 314 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES Stacey Sutton 314 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 315 REAL ESTATE: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Raquel Ramati 315 RECOMBINING THE COLUMBIA CAMPUS: NEW SCIENCE CENTER: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD Mark Rakatansky 316 REDEVELOPMENT POLICY Robert Beauregard 317 RENOVATION DESIGN OF ARCHITECTURE AND CITY THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF HOUSING IN NEW YORK CITY 317 RUNaWAY PROJECT: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Yolande Daniels EMERGENT TECHNOLOGIES AND 318 SENSORY ARCHITECTURES: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Michelle Fornabai THE 319 SHERIDAN EXPRESSWAY: URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Floyd Lapp 320 SPACE TOURISM: HOTEL LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) X INTERPRETIVE PAVILION ON EARTH: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Yoshiko Sato 321 STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS, & MATERIALS: PART 1 Michael Devonshire + Theodore Prudon 322 STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS, & MATERIALS: PART 2 Theodore Prudon 322 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Davidson Norris 322 SWARM STADIA: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4 Hernan Diaz Alonso

323 SYSTEMIC ORDERS: BRIDGING THE SPACE BETWEEN ECONOMY AND DESIRE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Kathryn Dean THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 324 THEORY Mark Wigley 325 TOPOTYPE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Bernard Tschumi MODERNITY IN 326 TRANSLATION: EARLY 20TH CENTURY GERMAN-TURKISH EXCHANGES IN LAND SETTLEMENT AND RESIDENTIAL CULTURE THE OTHER 326 TRANSLATION Mathan Ratinam ADVANCED 327 TRANSPORTATION ISSUES Elliott Sclar URBAN 327 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING Floyd Lapp WILLIAM KINNE 332 TRAVELING FELLOWSHIP Kenneth Frampton IMAGINING THE 332 ULTRAREAL Daniel Vos TECHNIQUES OF THE 333 ULTRAREAL Daniel Vos 334 UN 2: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Thomas Leeser 335 UN ON ICE: CLAIMING THE ARCTIC: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Leslie Gill + Tina Manis 336 UNCERTAINTY (BIOTOPES): ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 François Roche + David Benjamin DEFINING DISCIPLINES: 337 URBAN DESIGN AND PLANNING Michael Fishman ARCHITECTURE AND 337 URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM Richard Plunz 338 URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Adam Friedman THE PREFIGURATION OF CONTEMPORARY 338 URBAN FABRIC Michael Conard 339 URBAN FIELD STATION Brian McGrath, Victoria Marshall + Erika Svendsen 343 URBAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT Lionel McIntyre INDUSTRIALISATION, TECHNOLOGIES AND 345 URBAN WORK Smita Srinivas CONSTRUCTING 345 URBANISMS Andrea Kahn 345 UTOPIA'S GHOST Reinhold Martin BUILDING 346 VIRTUAL REALITIES—DUBAI STUDIO II: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6 Frederic Levrat 347 VISUAL STUDIES 348 WAITING: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO, SUMMER AAD Jeannie Kim THE 349 WATER STUDIO: URBAN DESIGN STUDIO Michael Conard + Kate Orff, Sandro Marpillero + Petia Morozov AFTER THE MELTDOWN: RE-TEXTURING THE 350 WETLINE: ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5 Alisa Andrasek PARAMETRIC 351 ZONING ENVELOPE Mitch McEwen

017 BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION: ABSTRACTION Todd Rouhe, Madeline Schwartzman, + Monica Tiulescu, critics Fall 2006, Spring 2007

This course explored the conventions of the repre-

The course was comprised of a series of projects projects required creative thinking and

sentational language of architecture. Both two-di- that allowed for the sequential development of both precise execution with refined craft in mensional orthographic projection (plan, section, technical skills and conceptual thinking. While devel- the service of ideas. elevation) and three-dimensional elaborations (axo- oping independent approaches and projects, all secnometric, model) were used to analyze space and were tions of this course incorporated a project that used investigated for their abilities to reveal and conceal re- either an existing building or urban space as the sublationships in space. Particular emphasis was placed ject for a ﬁeld of inquiry concerning the making and on the revelatory value and limitation of this abstract the meaning of abstract architectural representation. language—a language that is both a concise method That investigation involved three projects designed as for abstracting architectural space (as an analytical a process for critical analysis and production: docutool) and a generative method for speculating on de- mentation, analysis, and invention/intervention. All sign (a conceptual ignition). A

Alizee Brion, C Alex Cook, E Jennifer Covarrubias, A Ryan Johns, B Jeongmin Yu, D

018

INFRASTRUCTURE AND POVERTY ACTION LAB (IPAL) RESEARCH LAB

Sumila Gulyani, director

Established in the spring of 2005, the I-PAL works on innova-

The Lab focuses on: 1) research, 2) advice on policy and program design,

tions in infrastructure—on mechanisms that help improve the and 3) training of researchers and practitioners. Its mission is to: contribute quantity and quality of infrastructural services in the develop- new ideas and designs—of policies, programs and projects—for improving ing world and, in particular, for the poor. While retaining an in- infrastructure and enhancing its poverty alleviation impacts; conduct and terest in the growth and productivity impacts of infrastructure, share research on what is working and why; serve as bridge between acathe I-PAL seeks to expose the linkages between infrastructure demia/theory and practice; and train a new generation of infrastructure reand poverty alleviation and to underscore the importance of searchers and practitioners. spatial analyses. The Lab has a special interest in urban slums

The Lab is uniquely structured as a multi-university collaboration that

in developing countries, given that a majority of the urban poor links faculty and students working on infrastructure. Recently, faculty from live in these settlements with very limited access to basic infra- Columbia, SUNY Buffalo, Michigan State University, New York University, structure and services relative to their fellow citizens.

and UNC-Chapel Hill have partnered in research, co-authored papers, and jointly advised graduate theses and Capstone projects.

INFRASTRUCTURE AND POVERTY ACTION LAB A

019

020 Expert Panels:

I-PAL FACULTY

High level meeting of global leaders at The Rockefeller Foundation’s Global

Sumila Gulyani, Columbia University, New York

Urban Summit, Innovations for an Urban World, Bellagio, Italy, July 1-7, 2007.

Debabrata Talukdar, SUNY, Buffalo Ellen Bassett, Michigan State University, East Lansing

Panel on Governance of Urban Places, at UN’s consultative workshop for

Natasha Iskander, New York University, New York

design and establishment of its new Sustainable Urban Futures Program,

Nichola Lowe, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

United Nations University, New York, July 9-10, 2007.

Faculty collaboration: examples

Recent Lectures and Conference Presentations: (Note: this can be edited to

1. Gulyani and Talukdar: Joint research on the slums of Nairobi mentioned only the forum and location—that is, we can eliminate the title, if and Dakar, and on water supply in Kenya. (4 publications; see you need to reduce the length) list of publications)

Slum Real Estate: The Low-Quality High-Price Puzzle in Nairobi’s Slums, Ur-

2. Gulyani and Basset: Joint research reviewing 30-years of slum ban Symposium, The World Bank Washington, DC, May 14-16, 2007. upgrading in Africa. (1 publication, see list of publications). 3. Gulyani and Iskander: Joint advising of graduate students at Serving the Slums, special panel on Affordable Energy for Water Services NYU on their Capstone project on Dakar.

in Developing Country Cities, United Nation’s Commission on Sustainable

4. Gulyani, Lowe and Iskander: Joint advising of doctoral disser- Development-15th Session, UN, NY, May 3, 2007. tation on infrastructure and industrial development in Pakistan. Tenure and Rents in Slums, Wagner School of Public Policy, New York University, NY, Feb. 20, 2007. Slum Real Estate: The Low-Quality High-Price Puzzle in Nairobi’s Slums, in-

POLICY ADVICE, EXPERT PANELS, AND INVITED LECTURES

vited lecture, Cornell University, ISP Lecture Series, Ithaca, NY, Feb. 9, 2007.

I-PAL has been invited to provide advice and inputs into the de- Infrastructure and Competitiveness, invited lecture at Taiwan National Unisign of infrastructure policies and urban programs. In October versity, Taipei, May 5, 2006 2006, the government of India invited the Director of I-PAL to participate in a high-level panel on “Addressing the Infrastruc- Stuck in a Low-Quality High-Cost Trap: Housing, Infrastructure and Rents ture Deﬁcit” in the country and discuss the role of non-tradi- in Nairobi’s Slums, at Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning Annual tional infrastructure solutions. The World Bank hosted a public Conference (ACSP), Fort Worth, TX, Nov. 8-12, 2006. lecture in Nairobi, in September 2006, to discuss the results of I-PAL’s research on Nairobi’s slums and to have them inform the Inside Informality: Poverty, Jobs and Service in Nairobi’s Slums, at InternaGovernment of Kenya’s US$ 12 billion national initiative to up- tional Sociology Association (ISA), Durban, South Africa, July, 2006. grade slums. The United Nations has sought I-PAL’s advice on the design of its new Sustainable Urban Futures Program. The Rockefeller TRAINING OF STUDENTS AND PRACTITIONERS Foundation has also sought input on the design of its new urban Training of practitioners: Special course in Taiwan and infrastructure programs and invited I-PAL faculty to par- I-PAL organized and delivered a special one-week course on “Infrastructure ticipate in its Global Urban Summit, Innovations for an Urban and Economic Development: Fixing Water and Electric Utilities,” in Taiwan World, at Bellagio in July 2007.

for about 30 government ofﬁcials from Asia, Latin America and Africa. The course was delivered on invitation from and in collaboration with the Lincoln

Major Invited Public Lectures:

Land Institute (Cambride, MA) and Taiwan’s International Center for Land

Innovating with Infrastructure: Policy Insights from Industrial and Policy Studies and Training, (ICLPST, Taoyuan, Taiwan), from May 1-5, Responses to Poor Electricity, invited lecture, panel on “Ad- 2006. dressing the Infrastructure Deﬁcit” at ICRIER’s Silver Jubilee Conference, hosted by Govt. of India, on India and the Global Training of students: Combining coursework, internships and ﬁeld research Economy, New Delhi, Nov 6-7, 2006.

I-PAL anchors several infrastructure-related courses at GSAPP. It has also created opportunities for students to gain hands-on experience in dealing

[Panelists: Director of I-PAL, Columbia University, Managing with infrastructure problems and projects, through internships and research Directors of Housing Devp. Finance Corporation (HDFC); In- projects. Students have interned with partner organizations in various cities frastructure Devp. Finance Corporation (IDFC); Infrastructure including Delhi, Maputo, Cotonou, Washington DC and Nairobi. In addition, Lease Financing (ILFS); and Lead Infrastructure Advisor, Plan- I-PAL has supported several infrastructure-related graduate theses and a ning Commission of India].

doctoral dissertation.

Inside Informality: Poverty, Jobs, Housing and Services in Nairobi’s slums, invited public lecture, chaired by Country Di- GRADUATE COURSES rector for Kenya, The World Bank, Nairobi, Sept. 22, 2006. Also Infrastructure & Int’l Development (Spring 2005, Fall 2005, Fall 2006) presented at special session of Africities Conference, Sept. 20, Thesis Research Workshops (Fall 2005, Spring 2006, Fall 2006) 2006. [Both delivered by Director of I-PAL]. [See News article: The International Urban Development Studio: Nairobi, Kenya (Spring 2006) Daily nation]

Infrastructure Thesis Research Workshop (Spring 2007

021

INFRASTRUCTURE AND POVERTY ACTION LAB C

Fruit stand-Ruiru, Kenya

Poor air quality in Nairobi, Kenya

Self-empoyment, Mozambique

Standpipe in Maputo, Mozambique

Housing in Ruiru, Kenya

022 2006-07 Doctoral Dissertation on Infrastructure

Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Comparative Case Study of Small and Large Firm Responses to Infrastructure Constraints in Pakistan’s Export-Oriented Industries Nausheen Anwar

RESEARCH Major funded research projects (ongoing): Nairobi slums study, based on a survey of 2000 households Funding agency: World Bank Infrastructure in four African capital cities: Comparing Johannesburg, La-

gos, Nairobi and Dakar, based on surveys of 16,000 households Funding agency: World Bank Water kiosks and household re-sale as options for serving the poor: Insights from Maputo, Mozambique, and Cotonou, Benin Funding agency: The Water and Sanitation Program-Africa Comparing the Slums of Nairobi and Dakar Funding agencies: The Water and Sanitation Program-Africa, ISERPColumbia University

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

EXAMPLE OF NEW RESEARCH

Participating Organizations:

The Development Diamond as an Analytical Framework

The Water and Sanitation Program-Africa

Gulyani (2006) maps poverty in the slums of Nairobi and Dakar along four di-

TARU Leading Edge, India

mensions—monetary poverty, employment, education and living conditions.

The Water and Sanitation Program-South Asia

Represented graphically as a Development Diamond with four vertices, the

USAID

framework reveals how much conditions vary among slum settlements in different contexts, even though they are often perceived to be similar or homogenous.

Recent Infrastructure Theses (2006-07)

The Diamond provides a framework for context-speciﬁc analyses and solutions

2006-07 Masters Theses on Infrastructure (Titles & authors)

to help improve lives of slum residents.

Clean it Up, Don’t Throw it Away: The Attempted Greening of Delhi’s Paratransit

Joint Publications by I-PAL Faculty: Refereed journal articles

Monica Bansal Gulyani, Sumila, Debabrata Talukdar, R. Mukami Kariuki. Universal Questioning the Value of Standpipe Water Supply for the Uncon- (non)service?: Water markets, household demand and the poor in urban Kenected: A case study of the efﬁcacy of standpipes and household nya, Urban Studies, vol. 42, no. 8, July 2005. water resale in Maputo, Mozambique Alyssa Boyer

Talukdar, Debabrata, Sumila Gulyani and Lawrence Salmen. Customer-orientation in the context of development projects: Insights from the World Bank,

Integrated Neighborhood Upgrading: Hits and Misses in Quinta Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, Vol. 24, No.1, Spring 2005. Monroy, Chile Janina Franco

Gulyani, Sumila and Ellen Basset. Retrieving the baby from the bathwater: Slum upgrading in Sub-Saharan Africa, Environment and Planning C, March 30, 2007.

From plundered political tool to an A(AA)+ rating: A story of turnaround in the Philadelphia Water Department

Gulyani, Sumila and Debabrata Talukdar, Slum real estate: The low-quality

Elizabeth Helton

high-price puzzle in Nairobi’s slum rental market, Nov 2006, under review.

The Role of Small Scale Independent Providers: Improving Ac- Gulyani, Sumila and Debabrata Talukdar, Inside informality: Poverty, jobs cess to Water for the Urban Poor: A Case Study of Cotonou, Benin and enterprises in Nairobi’s slums, May 2007, under review. Lily Langlois Equity, Rickshaws, and the Indian Judiciary: A case study of the Delhi Cyclerickshaw Ban Ryan Walsh

THESIS STUDENT

Interviewing residents, Mozambique G

NEW EXPERTS

Infrastructure Thesis Group at Columbia, May 2007 H

DEVELOPMENT DIAMOND

Nairobi I

DEVELOPMENT DIAMOND

Dakar

INFRASTRUCTURE AND POVERTY ACTION LAB H

023

024 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Combination architecture is one of the most challeng-

ARCHITECTURE OF ADDITIONS

ing and illuminating of contemporary building types—

Paul Byard Spring 2007

one with special relevance to almost all contemporary architectural practice. This course was devoted to the exploration of combinations of old and new architecture in an effort to understand how the new can extend the meaning of the old and what new signiﬁcance is generated through this extension.

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND STAFF

Mark Wigley

Elizabeth Alicea

David Hinkle

Dean

Administrative Coordinator

Associate Dean

Kevin Allen

Jeannie Kim

AV Assistant

Publications Editor

Carlito Bayne

David Lukmire

Output Shop Manager

Administrative Assistant, Urban Design Program

Gerald Beasley

Syed Moshin

Director of Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library

IT System Coordinator

Jessica Braun

Joan Ockman

Executive Assistant, Dean’s Ofﬁce

Director of the Buell Center

Leigh Brown

Yesenia Ozoria

Program Assistant, Historic Preservation and Urban

Administrative Coordinator

Planning Programs

Richard Plunz

Michael Buckley

Director of the Urban Design Program

Director of the Real Estate Development Program

Benjamin Prosky

Paul Byard

Director of Special Events

Director of the Historic Preservation Program

John Ramahlo Jr.

Kitty Chibnik

IT Manager

Associate Director of Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Janet Reyes

Cory Clarke

Director Of Finance

Online Publications Editor

Ryan Ruby

Gary Cooper

Administrative Assistant, Dean’s Ofﬁce

IT System Coordinator

Loes Schiller

Devon Ercolano Provan

Associate Dean of Admissions, Financial Aid, and

Development Ofﬁcer

Student Affairs

Luis Fernandez

Elliot Sclar

AV Manager

Acting Director of the Urban Planning Program

Anna Lisa Finger

Danielle Smoller

Student Affairs Ofﬁcer

New York Co-Director of the New York/Paris Program

Janet Foster

Jessica Stockton

Assistant Director, Historic Preservation and Urban

Program Assistant, Real Estate Development Program

Planning Programs

Mark Taylor

Kenneth Frampton

Building Manager

Ware Professor

Esther Turay

Michelle Gerard

Administrative Assistant, Development Ofﬁce

Architecture Program Assistant

Elin Via

Sarah Goldberg

Administrative Assistant, Business Ofﬁce

Program Coordinator for the Buell Center

Alice Warren

Ben Goldie

IT System Coordinator

IT Server/Support Manager

Melissa Wolf

Sigurd Grava

Alumni Relations Ofﬁcer

Professor Emeritus of Urban Planning

Olga Zaitseva

Haroon Hasan

IT System Coordinator

025 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS Laurie Hawkinson, director

This ﬁnal three-semester sequence of Advanced Studios

The ﬁfth and sixth semesters combine studios with 4 to highly specialized individual design

in the architecture program builds upon the Core Studio those graduating in the first professional program— trajectories in Studios 5 and 6 with sites sequence, but diverges in significant ways. Beginning in Master of Architecture—and the final two semesters and programs often dispersed globally. the fourth semester, the Advanced Studios continue to of the Advanced Architecture Design program—Mas- In the final semester, all studios travel share a common imperative in addressing the design ter of Science. As many as seventeen studios are of- to sites that support their studio reof a building to house a small or medium scale public fered for students in both programs; each is lead by search topic. These studio trips, taking institution. Each studio, however, focuses on a different either a full time faculty member at Columbia or a students and faculty all over the world, institution and site, as well as unique means of defining visiting professor, often in teams that combine profes- are supported by GSAPP funding in the the role of public institutions in urban life today. Major sional expertise. Studios address new realms of urban form of Kinne Travel Grants. and minor institutions, as well as existing and not yet development and in particular, work on environmental

The Advanced Studio sequence fos-

formed entities comprise the field of study and inves- remediation, energy use, water, irrigation and sew- ters an experimental design culture sentigation in these studios. Projects included full-scale age systems, transportation and infrastructure, and sitive to the many different roles played prototyping of building components and systems, cre- the potential impact and effect of major re-zoning by architects in contemporary society. ated with dedicated access to the GSAPP Fabrications and redevelopment initiatives put in place in the five These studios seek a new threshold defLab. These studios focused on new digital material and boroughs of New York City since 2001. At the other ex- inition of these roles, an innovation that labor processes, designing the studio “work flow” and treme, studios have developed close associations with relies on the energy and contribution of design processes as much as the artifacts themselves. some of the Research Labs using, for instance, the the students to create a new benchmark Here, programming was downplayed while means of Fabrication Lab to work with full-scale prototyping with each graduating class. production were examined and made quasi-real in and fabrication processes. the studio environment. In this way, students shared

The complexity of conceptual issues, narrow and Alan Tansey, Alexandra Young

data, ﬁles, and techniques in a manner similar to new broad urban programs, and siting build upon the ba- Hawkinson Studio, Fall, 2006 methods of industrial production and collaborative sic skills gained in the Core Studio and summer AAD knowledge. Other studios engaged in an analysis of sequence. Students are, however, now exposed to a programming as the primary instigator of invention; in greater number of studio critics and consultants. Stuparticular, these studios explored the future of institu- dents from both the M. Arch. and MS AAD programs tions whose past has been critically assailed (mental work together in these studios; the diversity of backhospitals, asylums) and whose tenability is necessarily grounds, experiences and specialties they bring forges re-appraised. In these cases, the nature of sensation a new collective energy each year that deeply affects and bodily intuition were examined in light of emergent the studio production. technologies that force a new understanding of how the

The Advanced Studios extend the students' capac-

body is understood, but more so, how perception con- ity for more independent, and investigative thinking structs space and how institutions are enabled by theo- about architecture and urban life. A wide range of topries of perception that construct subjects and identities. ics and projects are offered each semester and critics The fourth semester studios are very speciﬁc in nature, present studio projects that relate to their speciﬁc ardirected by each faculty member, but they share the ex- eas of research and expertise. Students progress from ploratory nature that is key to the school.

sharing the same design theme in the Advanced Studio

026 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

AGENT_CODE MORPHOLOGIES AND POST-EMPIRE PATTERN RECOGNITION ARCHITECTURE, URBAN FORM, AND THE POLITICAL QUESTION Ed Keller, critic Spring 2007

Intensive formal investigation in archi- abstract investigations, assembled as a taxonomy tecture rarely makes radical political and protocol for design, across a range of tactical and statements, outside of the usual argu- strategic maneuvers that claimed, with all the force ment that various avant-gardes have and enthusiasm of a manifesto, a political territory for historically claimed for their innovations PURE FORM in architecture. and variations of shape.

This search for intelligence in form has several im-

This studio made a bold claim: the plications in a political arena. Political philosophers goal of the project was to ﬁnd overlaps have developed the concept of collective intelligence between serious formal investigation in human systems drawing from the general question and deﬁnitive political aims in architec- of ‘material intelligence.’ The deeper implications are ture, urban form, and infrastructure. not only that material systems can really ‘think,’ car-

Students tested their initial formal and rying out material computations to some unspeciﬁed B

Gilland Akos, C Brigitte Cook Annie Kwon, A Matthew Utley, D/B Elliot Voth Danielle Willems

end, but that each of these computations establishes a temporal threshold, literally bootstrapping the system into a position where alternate futures and pasts become available. The main consequence of this redeﬁnition of bodies—bio-political, ecological, economic, cultural—is our recognition that intelligence is not limited to organic life, but also cascades across all material systems, and that bodies have temporal horizons just as much as physical ones.

027 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

THE ALEPH Galia Solomonoff, critic Spring 2007

Constructed in the 1900’s, Palacio Anchorena was al-

cal presence. Now with the development

ready anachronistic at its inception with an overabun-

of that central area in Buenos Aires and

dant investment of labor and details. The massiveness

the assertiveness of the current govern-

of the Beaux Arts exterior creates two separate worlds.

ment the pressure has risen to densify,

Inside the giant facade is a sequence of rooms of

if not replace the building.

densely layered neo-classical tectonics and luxurious

The challenge of this studio was to

materials from all over the world. The mansion held

double the size of this imposing build-

all that was admired at the time, telling multiple tales

ing in any way imaginable without totally

through architecture, painting, sculpture, tapestry and

dismantling it, while creating a new par-

decoration in a dense, ostentatious manner. Outside is

adigm of abundance. Given this friction,

some of the densest city terrain in terms of urbanity,

each project in its own way attempted to

political history, vegetation, contrast, and sheer physi-

negotiate a complex interface between the highly detailed building form and

the larger urban context. A qualiﬁed response had to acknowledge the richness of the existing complex and top it with authority and dexterity. The added area was to house secured luxury accommodations, gathering and work spaces for foreign dignitaries visiting Buenos Aires.

Erick Carcamo Jonathan Chen Evan Erlebacher, C/E Jin Woo Lim Iason Pantazis Elena Perez Citra Soedarsono John Winkler, A/B/D

028 VISUAL STUDIES

SEARCH: ADVANCED ALGORITHMIC DESIGN Mark Collins, Toru Hasegawa + Roland Snooks Fall 2006, Spring 2007

160 GENETICS Essentially, search algorithms are ways considered a multiplicity—developing different fami- of making. The workshop also acted as a primer on of navigating through an expansive so- lies of solutions or architectural form—rather than a different search techniques developed in the ﬁelds of computation, science, and economics, and encouraged

lution space (or landscape) in order to singular result. ﬁnd a variety of resolutions to a given

This workshop explored generative design meth- students to develop a critical stance towards their re-

problem. Different ways of moving odologies through the application of algorithmic tech- lationship to architecture. through the solution space and locating niques. More speciﬁcally, this exploration focused on value within it yield vastly different re- the reinvention of genetic and other search algorithms sults. This workshop was less focused as generative tools in the making of architectural on arriving at solutions and more con- form. Artiﬁcial life, material intelligence, interactivity, cerned with the behavior these simula- and other second-order principles were approached tions exhibit and their emergent poten- from the vantage point of “search”—or the introductial. Solutions in this context are always tion of directed intelligence into a dynamic process A

John Brockway, Christos Gkotsis, Kai Liang, A,B Arthur McGoey, Li Xu, C Mark Bearak, Dora Kelle, D

029 GSAPP OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT AND ALUMNI RELATIONS Devon Ercolano Provan, Director of Development Melissa Wolf, Associate Director, Alumni Relations Esther Turay, Development Assistant

The GSAPP Ofﬁce of Development and Alumni Relations, established in 2005, is dedicated to building a strong framework for alumni communication, collaboration and networking, and to establishing a strong base of support for the School, its students, and its programs. 125 ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION GSAPP is 125 years old and counting... On October 27–29, 2006 GSAPP alumni came back to Columbia to celebrate the 125th Anniversary of the School with faculty, students, and friends. There were over 300 attendees—from 6 countries and across the United States. The highlight of the weekend was the 125 Anniversary Party in Low Library, where GSAPP architecture students created and installed a Trusset System using techniques and materials acquired in the Avery Digital Fabrication Laboratory and GSAPP lighting studio students worked with lighting designers Tillett Lighting Design, Inc., to create a lighting installation, the ﬁrst of its kind at Low Library. Other notable activities included the weekend introduction by Columbia President Lee C. Bollinger; keynote

lectures by Peter Eisenman (‘60) and Antoine Predock (‘62); a discussion with the 3 deans—Wigley, Tschumi Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts, and Polshek—about the biggest pedagogically issues Chicago facing the School during their tenure and in the pres- Frederic Migayro, Directeur de ent; program sessions led by the faculty; tours of the l’Architecture, Centre National d’Art et Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library and the Avery de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris Digital Fabrication Laboratory; cake and champagne Joseph Rosa (MsAAD 90), John H. Bryan toasting 125 years; and a roundtable discussion at the Curator of Architecture and Design, The Center for Architecture featuring architectural curators Art Institute of Chicago from leading cultural institutions around the world.

Henry Urbach (M.Arch 90), Helen Hilton Raiser Curator of Architecture and

ADDITIONAL SPEAKERS INCLUDED GSAPP FACULTY:

Design, SFMOMA

Harold Bell, Michael Bell, Michael Buckley, Paul

Mabel Wilson (M.Arch 91), Chair of Vi-

Byard, Andrew Dolkart, Kenneth Frampton, Sumila

sual Criticism and Associate Professor,

Gulyani, Laurie Hawkinson, Andrea Kahn, Laura

California College of the Arts

Kurgan, Reinhold Martin, Brian McGrath, Kate Orff,

Mirko Zardini, Director, Canadian Centre

Richard Plunz, David Turnbull

for Architecture, Montreal

Cynthia Barton, Director of Development, New York, Chapter of Architecture for Humanity Barry Bergdoll, Phillip Johnson Chief Curator of Architecture and Design, MOMA Deborah Gans, Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Pratt Institute and Principal, Gans Studio Sarah Herda, Director, Graham Foundation for Dean Wigley, students, faculty, and alumni at the 125 Anniversary Party, A Dean Polshek, B

030

Peter Eisenman, C Antoine Predock, Dean Wigley, D

031

Deans Wigley and Tschumi, E Laurie Hawkinson, Reinhold Martin, Kenneth Frampton, F

032

Antoine Predock, G Roundtable Discussion, Re-exhibiting architecture, H DJ Larry Tee, I President Lee C. Bollinger, J Jan Pokorny, Loes Schiller, K

033

GSAPP ALUMNI SCHOLARSHIP FUND AND THE AVERY HALL SOCIETY In 2005, Dean Wigley launched the ﬁrst serious effort to provide more support to GSAPP students by establishing the GSAPP Alumni Scholarship Fund and dedicating the fund solely to student financial aid. GSAPP alumni contributed over $60,000 to provide scholarships for 9 additional GSAPP students from all 6 of the School’s degree programs in the 2006-2007 academic year. Since its inception in July 2005, GSAPP has welcomed over 1,500 new members into The Avery Hall Society, which recognizes GSAPP annual donors. The inaugural GSAPP Alumni Scholarship Fund Newsletter introduced to alumni and friends the student scholarship recipients during the ﬁrst year of the fund. Thanks to the alumni, the greatest challenges the students will face here are intellectual and creative.

GSAPP AT A GLANCE 2006-2007 STUDENTS 657 GSAPP students 237 M.Arch students 90 MsAAD students 39 MsAUD students 85 MsUP students 58 MsHP students 95 MsRED students 24 Arch Ph.D. students 25 UP Ph.D. students 153 international students

250+ events/year

646+ MsAUD alumni

400,000+ volumes in Avery Library

943+ MsUP alumni

2006-2007 FACULTY

1,000,000+ drawings, prints, photos, + additional

801+ MsHP alumni

130 M.Arch + MsAAD faculty

architectural documents in Avery Library

937+ MsRED alumni

15 MsAUD faculty

30+ MsHealth Services Planning/Design

23 MsUP faculty

THE ALUMNI

17 MsHP faculty

8,900+ living GSAPP alumni

35 MsRED faculty

3,700+ alumni in the NYC-metro area 80+ countries of alumni residence

THE SCHOOL

2,562+ M.Arch/B.Arch alumni

52,000 ft2 GSAPP spaces: Avery + Fayerweather +

1,208+ MsAAD alumni

Schermerhorn

260+ MsArch/Tech alumni

alumni

034 2006-2007 GSAPP ALUMNI EVENTS:

VIEWS AND VISION: MEGAPROJECTS IN NEW YORK CITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY March 7, 2006 Center for Architecture, New York City Nicolai Ouroussoff, Chief Architecture Critic, New York Times Charles V. Bagli, Reporter, New York Times Mark Wigley, Dean, GSAPP Nicholas Lemann, Dean, Journalism GSAPP + Journalism Alumni Event, N

GSAPP IN GREECE

GSAPP in Greece, P

ALUMNI RECEPTION AT THE 2006 AIA NATIONAL

March 19, 2007

CONVENTION

DESTE Foundation, Athens, Greece

June 9, 2006

CTRL CE exhibition opening and the an-

Gas Company Lofts, Downtown Los Angeles

nouncement of the new Themistocklis GSAPP in Los Angeles, O

D. Varagkis Scholarship Fund for architecture students from Greece. Hosted by Mr. Dakis Ioannou (SEAS '64), President of the DESTE Foundation and Mr. Dimitris Varangis (AAD '83), Managing Director of Varangis Avepe S.A.

035 GSAPP's ﬁrst Architecture Career Day took place on Q

April 14, 2007. Thirteen alumni ﬁrms from across the country came back to Avery Hall to spend the day speaking with and interviewing current students. This event marked the ﬁrst of what will be an expanded career effort at the School. Alumni from the following firms participated in the event: 5Design, Los Angeles FLAnk, New York Alex Scott Porter Design, New York Cetra/Ruddy Incorporated, New York EE&K, New York Gensler, New York Mancini Duffy Architecture Design, New York Panelite, New York, Los Angeles, CA Perkins+Will, New York, Atlanta, GA Rosen Group, New Jersey SMWM, San Francisco, CA, New York Workshop/apd, New York GSAPP Architecture Career Day, Q

ALUMNI RECEPTION AT THE 2007 AIA NATIONAL CONVENTION Saturday, May, 2007 The Nix House, San Antonio, Texas GSAPP in Texas, S

The GSAPP Online Alumni Directory was launched in September, 2006. Membership in the community is free and available exclusively to GSAPP alumni. The directory allows alumni to stay in touch with each other, conduct professional networking, and update their contact and employment information. For more information, visit www.alumniconnections.com/GSAPP The GSAPP Online Alumni Directory, R

TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE URBAN LANDSCAPE Kenneth Frampton and Kate Orff Reception + Discussion June 13, 2007 Pierpont Morgan Library & Museum, New York GSAPP + CAA: Spring Faculty lecture, T

MsRED Class of 2007 ofﬁcers co-organized an Alumni Career Event on April 16, 2007 at Havana Central (formerly The West End). MsRED alumni in various sectors participated in roundtable discussions with the students. Alumni from the following companies participated in the event: ADG Development LLC The Almat Group The Athena Group Bank of America Bhatt Forest City Ratner Companies Cherokee Northeast

036

Common Ground

Wells Fargo

Cushman & Wakeﬁeld

Vornado Realty Trust

Greystone Properties The Hudson Companies

MsRED Alumni Career Event, U

ING Clarion Partners Jonathan Rose Companies Leviev Boymelgreen Mills Corporation Rockrose Development Company Simmons Vedder and Co. SL Green Realty Corp. Time Equities HISTORIC PRESERVATION

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE BEFORE 1876 Andrew Dolkart Fall 2006

This class explored American architec- Bulfinch, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, visits to the rare book and architectural drawing colture from the first buildings erected by John Mills, A. J. Davis, Richard Upjohn, Frank Fur- lections at Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library the Europeans in the early seventeenth ness, and Henry Hobson Richardson. Explorations and by walking tours of New York City. century through the emerging American also included lesser known and vernacular buildings architecture of 1876—the centennial of reflecting the spread of architectural ideas from centhe Declaration of Independence and ters of innovation into small towns and across rural the year of the great exhibition in Phila- landscapes. Students reviewed the evolving forms and delphia. Students examined the iconic styles of architecture and the ideas behind developarchitectural monuments erected dur- ments in American design, discussing the impact of the ing this period, ranging from surviving ideas of such designers and theoreticians as Frederick colonial homes to the works of archi- Law Olmsted, Andrew Jackson Downing, and Richard tects such as Peter Harrison, Charles Morris Hunt. Class lectures were supplemented with HISTORIC PRESERVATION

The current trivialization of the past in American ar-

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE HISTORY SINCE 1876

chitectural discourse is inversely related to desperate

Jorge Otero-Pailos Spring 2007

attempts by neo-modernist practitioners to render the present exceptional. Far from new, this exaggerated bracketing of the present is part of a long tradition of compensating for the American complex about the brevity, artiﬁciality, and exterior dependency of its architectural history. This tension has structured, with varying degrees of intensity, the evolution of the architectural discipline in the United States. Out of this deep-seated—and by no means exhausted—anxiety

037 about producing, preserving, and identifying American and history writing. Weekly class lectures were enHistory has grown a sophisticated architectural cul- riched by research trips and archival sessions in which ture—one capable of foiling, exploiting, subverting, and students disputed the ethical, aesthetic, cultural, ecomanipulating the various contradictions of modernity.

nomic, and political dimensions of making American

This course sequence invited students to actively architectural history. produce, interpret, and critique American architectural history, in contradistinction to traditional survey courses that emphasize only passive memorization as a standard of proﬁciency. As creators of history, students considered the ways in which buildings are rendered historical through various interventions, such as architectural additions, preservation campaigns, HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES: CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE Pamela Jerome Spring 2007

Archaeological sites are frequently abandoned due to of archaeological site conservation and theory is still lack of funds or interest in their conservation; their mostly lacking. Through a review of international case preservation poses extreme difficulties. Ultimately, studies, it is possible to evaluate appropriate technolthe conservator is dealing with incomplete archi- ogies for implementation on sites. tecture comprised of roofless spaces that cannot be reoccupied and that are no longer structurally sound. Burial conditions and re-exposure through excavation present a host of materials conservation issues. Touristic pressures on popular sites lead to loss of authenticity through reconstructions and Disney-like methods of presentation and interpretation. Conservation techniques do exist; however, training in the specifics HISTORY/ THEORY

ARCHITECTURE AFTER 1945 Felicity Scott Spring 2007

This lecture course addressed key developments in fabrication, computerization, and scientiﬁc method; engaged forces at work in a particular architecture during the period from the end of World the experimental and “Pop” architecture of the 1960s, historical context (aesthetic, socio-ecoWar II until the early 1990s. The class covered both the such as Megastructure, Metabolism, and the devel- nomic, political, technological, territocontinuation and transformation of modern architec- opment of notions of “environment”; engagements rial) and asked where we can trace the ture after the war—including New Brutalism, Team 10, with linguistic theory and notions of “meaning,” the legacy of this period of experimentation corporate modernism, regionalism, tropical modern- neo-modernism of the New York Five, investigations with new programs, sites, materials, and ism, Neorealism, late modern formalism, and Good into typology, and the rise of a semantic and histori- media within current practice, offering Design—as well as the emergence of other practices cist postmodernism during the late ‘60s and 1970s; students both historical knowledge and that challenged the modernist legacy or even set out and the post-postmodern turn, from the architecture critical tools vital to positioning their to proclaim its end. Among the latter were: the turn of deconstruction to the architecture of “event.” The own work within the ever-shifting ﬁeld to systems theory and cybernetics of the 1950s and course paid particular attention to how both architects of contemporary architecture. important trajectories of experimentation with pre- and key institutions (schools, museums, publications) Konrad Wachsmann, Hangar, 1960: model of structure

038 HISTORY/ THEORY

lic space is further complicated by globalization and

ARCHITECTURE. URBANISM. SPATIAL POLITICS

the post-national politics to which it has given rise; the

Felicity Scott Spring 2007

very notion of space and of a public within it has been profoundly transformed. This seminar investigated contemporary trajectories of architectural research and practice that intersect with questions of urbanism, notions of public space, and spatial politics. Students explored the role the discipline plays (or might play) in current debates over questions of political representation, human rights, defense, surveillance, warfare, cultural

Architecture and the city have long been radical spatial transformation. Architecture and urban heritage, diaspora, justice, and democracy, identifyunderstood to provide the very infra- sites have also, of course, frequently been the location ing how the architect might position his or her work structure of citizenship and democracy. of (or even provided techniques for) inequity, coloni- with respect to the complicated ethical and political In the first half of the 20th century, zation, violence, terrorism, and exclusion, raising the questions raised by these fields of inquiry—that is, modern architecture was largely identi- question of the discipline’s possible responsibility. how they might take responsibility. Topics included: fied with ideals of social progress and Architecture’s current role in the organization of pub- National, International, Postnational; Democracy, Rights, Justice, Public Space; Humanitarianism and its Discontents; Extraterritorial Space/Camps; Media/ Control Space/Networks; Technologies of Occupation (Borders I); Technologies of Separation (Borders II); Postnational Territories/Postnational Publics; Public Space/Protest/Political Acts; Cities at War; Urbicide; and Responses to 9/11 and Terror. Terri Chiao, Territories Most Affected by Landmines, 2007

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Galia Solomonoff, coordinator Fall 2006

Line, plane, surface and volume are mathematically bonded and interrelated. In architecture the geometrical properties of the line are associated with columns and beams, plane with walls and ﬂoors, surface and volumes with the resultant space. Signiﬁcant works of architecture provide us with examples that allow us to understand the mathematical relations of these elements in new ways. The brief of the studio was threefold. First, melting ice was documented samples of high altitude air and deep water and reg- Christian Ruud, Levrat Studio, Fall 2006 in several iterative drawings. Second, ister their chemical composition. The site was on Pine students designed a sleeping pod for Island, in Long Island Sound. climatologists, who work 36-hour shifts, to take naps while working. Finally, students designed an outpost building for Columbia University to house an atmospheric research lab, with domestic quarters for two rotating lab principals. The focus of the research was the existence and trajectory of particles in water and air. This lab was to take regular

039 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Alice Chun, critic Fall 2006

Brian Ackley Zachary Aders Brigette Borders Marlo Brown Peter Crandall Aaron Davis, A Sharif Khalje, B/E Sung Yong Lee, C YounJin Park Roman Pohorecki William Roediger-Robinette Cheryl Wong, D

040 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Janette Kim, critic Fall 2006

Christopher Barley, C/E Otis Berkin, A/D Lauren Des Rosiers Michael Eisenwasser Rychiee Espinosa Jin Pyo Eun Kyung Jae Kim Seung Teak Lee, B/F Olivia Ramos Dino Rossi Daniel Ruzeu Miriam Ward

041 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Frederic Levrat, critic Fall 2006

Samuel Brissette

Brian Brush, A/C Brett Dorfman Benjamin Epstein Greta Hansen Jin Woo Heo Jookyung Lee Yong Ju Lee, B/F Ji Yoon Oh Deborah Richards Christian Ruud, D/E Andrew Wolfe F

042 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Philip Parker, critic Fall 2006

Michael Cavander Yun Suk Choi, D Colin Fitzgerald Priscilla Fraser Junhee Jung Daniel Kidd Sharon Kim Philip Lin Seth McDowell, B/E Sharone Piontkowski, C Dahlia Roberts, A/F

043 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Yoshiko Sato, critic Fall 2006

ABC

Leu-Yu Chen Michael Chow Steven Garcia Mia Ihara Hinna Kapoor, B/C Jong Seo Kim, E Clinton Miller, A/D Jeffrey Millett Ayala Rosen Elizabeth Shearer, F Matthew Staudt

044 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Galia Solomonoff, critic Fall 2006

Michelle Chang Egbert Chu Zachary Colbert, D Forrest Jessee Jee-Hye Kim Alexander Maymind Joseph McGrath Se Yoon Park, A/E Benjamin Reich Laurence Sarrazin Lindsey Sherman, C Jon Turkula, B C

045 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 1

ATMOSPHERE: DIMMING THE SUN, TAMING THE WAVES Mark Wasiuta, critic Fall 2006

Wayne Congar, C Michael Contento

Emily Johnson William Kemper, A Hyoung-Gul Kook, D Karen Kubey Leah Meisterlin Majda Muhic Hyun Il Oh Daniel Payne Katie Shima, B Troy Therrien, E

046 AVERY ARCHITECTURAL AND FINE ARTS LIBRARY

Located on the lower floors of Avery Hall and its extension, the world's leading architectural library supports the work of students and faculty at the School by providing, within a series of spaces designed for study and learning, a wealth of research materials and outstanding reference and access services. The Avery Architectural Library was founded in 1890, following a gift to Columbia by Samuel Putnam Avery. The university's Fine Arts Library was added in 1978, and the re-named Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library now holds over 400,000 non-circulating books and periodicals related to architecture, urban planning, art history, archaeology, historic preservation, and the decorative arts. The book collection begins with the first printed text devoted to architecture, Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria (Florence, 1485), and continues with holdings of unique depth and extraordinary range through to the present. Avery also includes the Ware Memorial Library, a circulating collection of over 9,000 books on architecture, urban planning and real estate. Via LibraryWeb, accessible to all Columbia students, the Library opens a vast world of information resources on campus and beyond, including the History of Art and Architecture section of Columbia Image Bank. Over one million documents make up Avery’s Drawings and Archives collection, including original drawings by masters such as Frank Lloyd Wright lated periodicals. The Avery Index is accessible to stu- STAFF and Le Corbusier; original photographs dents as one of the databases offered on LibraryWeb. Gerald Beasley, Director by Lewis Hine, Joseph Molitor, Samuel Avery Library began a long-awaited process of Kitty Chibnik, Associate Director and Head of Access Gottscho and others; and the complete renovation and expansion in 2003. Phase one consisted Claudia Funke, Rare Books Curator/Indexer or partial archives of many major Amer- mainly of the creation of a new Miriam and Ira D. Wal- Paula Gabbard, Senior Bibliographer Ted Goodman, General Editor, Avery Index ican practices, such as Richard Upjohn, lach Study Center for Art and Architecture, equipped Janet Parks, Curator of Drawings & Archives Alexander Jackson Davis, Greene & with new storage, processing and study facilities for Jeff Ross, Indexer/Reference Librarian Greene, Warren & Wetmore, Harold van Avery's Drawings and Archives collection and for the Christine Sala, Architecture Bibliographer/Indexer Buren Magonigle, Stanford White, Wal- University's art properties. Avery's ground floor read- Jeanette Silverthorne, Assistant Director of the lace K. Harrison, Gordon Bunshaft, Phil- ing room, designed in 1911 by William Mitchell Kend- Wallach Art Gallery ip Johnson and the Guastavino Fireproof all of the McKim, Mead and White firm, has also been Barbara Sykes-Austin, Indexer/Reference Librarian Construction Company. The collection renovated and renamed the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Annemarie Van Roessel, Archivist is a major source for historical exhibi- Reading Room. It is linked to the Wallach Study Center Sally Weiner, Director of the Wallach Art Gallery/ tions and for primary research in archi- by a 1970s underground extension designed by the late Curator of Art Properties tecture. Available by appointment, the Professor Alexander Kouzmanoff. This extension is collection welcomes students, scholars, targeted for phase two of the library's renovation plan. and professionals.

Orientation tours of the library, offered to students

Avery Library also produces the Avery at the beginning of the Fall and Summer semesters, Index to Architectural Periodicals, now are strongly recommended. an operating program of the J. Paul Getty Trust. Begun in 1934, it is the most extensive periodical index in the ﬁeld of architecture, and provides citations to over 600,000 articles in architectural and re-

047 AWARDS/FELLOWSHIPS

LUCILLE SMYSER LOWENFISH MEMORIAL PRIZES

Quito and Guayaquil. Harnessing Entropy: Critical

SCHOOL SERVICE AWARDS

Chosen by each critic for best design problem in ﬁnal Thresholds of Eco-Exaptation

For outstanding service to the School

semester of Advanced Studio, open to M. Arch, AAD, (Richard Plunz, Moji Baratloo, Ana Maria Duran,

and contribution to student life

and UD students

Victoria Marshall, Ira Jones, critics) Christopher Reynolds (UD)

School Service

Dunsink Urban Landscape

Dynelle Long (UD)

Evan Allen (M.Arch)

(Kate Orff, critic)

Skye Duncan (UD)

Evan Ehrlebacher (M.Arch)

Jacob Ackerman (M.Arch)

Chris Kroner (M.Arch) The Dictionary of Received Ideas

Agent_Code Morphologies

(Enrique Walker, critic)

Student Life

(Ed Keller, critic)

Orama Siamseranee (AAD)

Jamison Guest (M.Arch)

Gilland Akos (AAD)

Nicholas Kothari (M.Arch) Empty Form

Quito and Guayaquil. Resource Values: A System for

(Reinhold Martin, critic)

HONOR AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE

Interconnected Growth

Andrew Skey (M.Arch)

IN DESIGN

(Richard Plunz, Moji Baratloo, Ana Maria Duran, Victo-

In recognition of the high quality of

ria Marshall, Ira Jones, critics)

Building Virtual Realities: Dubai Studio II

work in the design studios during the

Elizabeth Barry (UD)

(Fred Levrat, critic)

student’s program of studies

Marissa Gregory (UD)

Tanner Whitney (M.Arch)

Frankie Lui (UD)

Eduardo Frischwasser (AAD)

The University of Iowa Dance and Performing

The Aleph

Marcelo Ertorteguy (AAD)

Arts Center

(Galia Solomonoff, critic)

Marissa Gregory (AUD)

(Steven Holl, critic)

John Winkler (M.Arch)

Krikor Hovaguimian (AAD)

Saad Alayyuoubi (AAD) Robert Booth (M.Arch)

Chi-Chieh Chin (ADD) Qinghua Fan (AAD)

Jason Ivaliotis (M.Arch) Ring Around People’s Park

Eduardo McIntosh (AAD)

(Jeffrey Johnson, critic)

Nicolas Medrano (M.Arch)

Monograph

Mercy Wong (M.Arch)

Julia Molloy (M.Arch)

(Ada Tolla and Giuseppe Lignano, critics)

Li Xu (M.Arch)

Daniel Sakai (M.Arch)

Marcelo Ertorteguy (AAD)

Kezhen Cao (AAD)

Kalina Toffolo (AAD)

UN on Ice: Claiming the Arctic Circle

The Oracle Machine: the Library of Possible Pasts

Tannar Whitney (M.Arch)

(Leslie Gill and Tina Manis, critics)

and Possible Futures

Yunchao Xu (AAD)

Hannah Ilten (M.Arch)

(Karl Chu, critic)

Sang Hoon Youm (M.Arch)

Alberto Garcia Valladares (AAD)

Luping Yuan (AAD) HotHouse

GSAPP PRIZE FOR EXCELLENCE IN

(Hani Rashid, critic)

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES HONOR AWARD

Christopher Johnson (AAD)

To the student who most demonstrates an ability to To recognize the student whose work

URBAN DESIGN

incorporate building technologies into the issues of in the Urban Design Program has been Quito and Guayaquil. Dynamic Interchange: Projection

architectural design

most outstanding

2036 Ecuador

Randall Holl (M.Arch)

Dynelle Long (UD)

Victoria Marshall, Ira Jones, critics)

URBAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT

WILLIAM WARE PRIZE AND SAUL

Busara Kanpetch (UD)

COMMUNITY SERVICE AWARD

KAPLAN TRAVELING FELLOWSHIP

Jay Lim (UD)

In recognition of outstanding work in the Urban Tech- To recognize the student in the Advanced

Irene Kelly (UD)

nical Assistance Project and service to the community Architectural Design Program whose

(Richard Plunz, Moji Baratloo, Ana Maria Duran,

Rob Cunningham (UP)

work throughout the studios has been

Systemic Orders

Suma Karveti (UD)

outstanding, funded by a bequest from

(Kathryn Dean, critic)

Kin Ling Lueng (UD)

Saul Kaplan (M.Arch ‘57). The prize is for

Christopher Kroner (M.Arch)

Sunny Patel (UD)

travel and study following graduation

Shriram Surendhranath (UD)

Natalia Canas del Pozo (AAD)

(Bernard Tschumi, critic)

VISUAL STUDIES HONOR AWARD

ALI JAWAD MALIK MEMORIAL HISTORY/

Natalia Canas del Pozo (AAD)

For innovative use of multimedia and computing in THEORY HONOR AWARD

Topotype

design

In recognition of high quality of work in

Kazakhstan

John Brockway (AAD)

the history/theory sequence

(Jeffrey Inaba, critic)

Erik Waterman (M.Arch)

Jacob Ackerman (M.Arch)

Tatiana von Preussen (M.Arch) Yi Kuan Eddie Chou (M.Arch)

Tannar Whitney (M.Arch)

048 ALPHA RHO CHI MEDAL

Leapfrogging from Urban Poverty to Sustainability

For leadership and service to the School and promise Skye Duncan (UD) of professional merit

Frankie Lui (UD)

Sabri Farouki (M.Arch) Eladio Dieste. Weave Ceramics Society and Structure NEW YORK SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS’ MATTHEW DEL

Katherine Heary (M.Arch)

GAUDIO AWARD For excellence in total design Tatiana von Preussen (M.Arch)

Mapping War, Visualizing Peace: Using GIS Systems to (Re)Build a New Democracy Elizabeth Eggleston Helton (UP)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS’ CERTIFICATE

Auroville: Intersections, Experiments and Provocations

In recognition of scholastic achieve- Madhavi S. Jandhyala (AAD)

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM AWARDS

ment, character, and promise of professional ability

Post-conﬂict preservation and interpretations initiatives ROBERT C. WEINBERG AWARDS:

Alexandra Young (M.Arch)

in Belfast

FOR EXCELLENCE IN PRESERVATION PLANNING AND

Iris Kashman (HP)

DESIGN

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS’ MEDAL

Preserving Public Housing in Post-Katrina New Orleans Northern Ireland—A New Horizon

In recognition of scholastic achieve- Irene Kelly (UD)

(Theo Prudon, advisor) Toni DiMaggio (HP)

ment, character, and promise of professional ability

Placed at Night: documenting the gecekondu

FOR EXCELLENCE IN PRESERVATION PLANNING AND

Robert Brackett (M.Arch)

Jane Lea (M.Arch)

CONSERVATION

CATHERINE HOOVER VOORSANGER

ReCreate Space: The Social Architecture of Play in

Postwar Dormitories in Contemporary Context

WRITING PRIZE

South Africa

(Theo Prudon advisor)

(A SCHOOL-WIDE AWARD)

Christopher McAnneny (M.Arch)

Olivia Klose (HP)

Putting Colleges and Universities to the Test: Preserving

Awarded by the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Ar- Bamboo Building Systems Catalogue

FOR EXCELLENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION

chitecture for an outstanding essay on Eduardo McIntosh (AAD)

THEORY AND INTERPRETATION

American architecture

Protecting the Enemy’s Heritage: How Can the Bayarat

Jacob Ackerman (M.Arch)

From Control to Collaboration: Evolving Concepts of

Houses of Jaffa be Preserved?

Social Services in the Redevelopment of Workhouses

(Jorge Otero-Pailos, advisor)

CHARLES MCKIM PRIZE FOR

Lindsay Miller (HP)

Iris Kashman (HP)

EXCELLENCE IN DESIGN / SAUL

Katie McLaughlin (HP)

KAPLAN TRAVELING FELLOWSHIP

FOR ADVOCACY

To recognize the student whose work Refugee Camp Documentary: Thailand/Burma Border

Saving the Rogis of Kugurazaka

throughout the studios has been out- Julia Molloy (M.Arch)

(Dorothy Miner, advisor)

standing, funded by a bequest from Saul Taka Sarui (M.Arch)

Benika Morokuma (HP)

Kaplan (M.Arch ‘57). The prize is for travel and study following graduation

Deconstructing Urbicide: Maypyidaw, Myanmar’s

HP CONSERVATION SECTOR AWARD

William Arbizu (M.Arch)

Military Utopia

An Evaluation of Adhesives Used in Marble Repair

Kantawan Neenchaisak (UD)

(George Wheeler, advisor)

Elliott Voth (AAD)

Mersedah Jorjani (HP)

Automating Transit: Surveying the Plan-

Globalization and the Urban Poor in Zeyrek, Istanbul:

HP HISTORY/THEORY SECTOR AWARD

ning & Operation of Driverless Metros in

Historic Preservation and Social Exclusion in the Face

Institutional Architecture: Symbolism and Lived

Nuremburg & Paris

of Modernity

Experience

Richard Barone (UP)

Janina Franco Salazar (UP)

(Jorge Otero-Pailos, advisor)

Silvett Garcia (UP)

Lindsey Schweinberg (HP)

Shifting: The disappearing/

Synergy of Excess: The Culturalization of Commodity in

HP DESIGN SECTOR AWARD

re-appearing Lands of the Ganges Delta

Tokyo’s High-End Fashion Boutiques

Preservation of the Inner City Waterfront: The Future of

Stationary: The Wet/Dry cities of estua-

Ashley Simone (M.Arch)

the Gowanus Cana

rine Vietnam

William Arbizu (M.Arch)

(Françoise Bollack, advisor)

WILLIAM KINNE FELLOWS MEMORIAL TRAVELLING PRIZES

In the Flood Zone:

Elizabeth Barry (UD) Erick Gregory (UD)

Pat Seeumpornroj (HP) The Paradigm of Divided Cities: Architecture of Conﬂict and Control in Jerusalem and Belfast

HP PLANNING SECTOR AWARDS

The Possibility of a Collective Landscape:

Matthew Stofen (M.Arch)

Preservation on Island: How Historic Preservation can

Investigative Field Trip to the landscape

Sean Erickson (M.Arch)

promote the vitality of Maine’s Island Communities

works of Sigurd Lewerentz in Sweden Ingrid Campo-Ruiz (AAD)

(Carol Clark, advisor) Learning from Lost Paradise

Christopher Brazee (HP)

Tannar Whitney (M.Arch) Urban Historiography: the Death and Life

The Case for Coalwood, West Virginia: Historic Preser-

of Havana

Wiki-Archi Map

vation and Economic Development in Appalachian Coal

Ulises Castillo (M.Arch)

Matthew Worsnick (M.Arch)

Mining Towns

Re-Appropriating refuse: the contempo-

Inter-Phasing Threshold Study of Hanoi’s Urbanism

rary chiffonier in Dakar

Ziyu Zhuang (UD)

Karin Chen (M.Arch)

Kezhen Cao (AAD)

(Dorothy Miner, advisor)

Nicholas Kothari (M.Arch)

Lisa Mroszczyk (HP)

049 HISTORIC PRESERVATION PRIZE FOR OUTSTANDING

For best qualitative analysis thesis:

DESIGN INSIGHT

Remittances, Informality, Institutions and Planning: the

Reviving the Roosevelt Island Smallpox Hospital

case of Zautla, Mexico

(Jorge Otero-Pailos, advisor)

(Smita Srinivas, advisor)

Brigitte Cook (M. Arch) (HP)

Leticia Crispin (UP)

URBAN PLANNING PROGRAM AWARDS

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PLANNERS OUTSTANDING STUDENT AWARD

URBAN PLANNING PROGRAM AWARDS

For outstanding attainment in the study of Planning

For outstanding leadership in Planning education

Clare Newman (UP)

Richard Barone (UP) NEW YORK CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING For outstanding leadership in the Planning program

ASSOCIATION’S ROBERT C. WEINBERG AWARD

Candy Chang (UP)

For academic excellence in Urban Planning Lily Langlois (UP)

CHARLES ABRAMS THESIS AWARD For best quantitative analysis thesis: Spatial Equity in New York City Neighborhoods (Stacey Sutton, advisor) Marnie Purciel (UP)

BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM Karen Fairbanks, Department Chair

Architecture holds a unique position in a liberal arts the built environment and its potentials and teach stu- supports workshops for students and curriculum, and a liberal arts education in architec- dents how to use many different media to represent links students to the larger community. ture holds a unique position in relationship to the dis- their ideas. Students learn to see architecture as one Those majors who choose to apply to cipline. In recent years, architecture has expanded its of many forms of cultural production, and their work graduate school are regularly accepted role in the world to become as much an intellectual as inquiry into the larger ideas and issues that ani- at the most competitive graduate propractice as a technical practice. If the goal of a profes- mate a liberal arts curriculum: what is the relation of grams in the country. sional education in architecture is to prepare students people and the structures they make to nature and the to participate in the world as practicing architects, a environment? To speciﬁc sites and needs? To the mi- Alana Goldweit, liberal arts education in architecture introduces the cro and macro forces that inﬂuence our experiences? Architectural Representation: student to the scope and range by which that is pos- To the forces of history, politics, or economics? To the Abstraction sible. It explores the vast and continuously evolv- ideologies and aesthetics of the day? ing landscape of architectural ideas and practices,

Barnard and Columbia Colleges offer a major in ar-

whether related to the built environment or to other chitecture introduced through a series of studio and disciplines. It establishes a mind-set—an intellectual academic courses that explore the multiple relationfoundation for understanding architecture before the ships between architectural design, history, theory, practice of architecture even begins. The purpose of and criticism. Students are expected to develop techan undergraduate education is to teach students to nical skills, design excellence, and a critical underthink about and through architecture as a way to un- standing of architecture as part of our visual, social, derstand the world.

and political history and culture. There are two tracks

Architecture courses establish an intellectual con- to the architecture major: the ﬁrst, while incorporating text for students to participate in the ongoing con- lectures, seminars, and scholarly research, is more struction of knowledge about the relation of form, strongly studio based and; the second, while incorspace, and materials to human life and thought. They porating introductory level design studios, is focused cultivate models of inquiry that engage speculation on on the history and theory of architecture, and is more strongly allied with the Art History departments. The major, while independently directed by Barnard College, is closely linked to the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation through both on-going pedagogical discussions as well as through the teaching assistants who are current students from various graduate programs. Courses in the major, as well as ﬁeld trips and other events, take full advantage of our location in New York City, and many of our students take advantage of our location and gain experience through internships in the city. The major has an active student club, Architecture Society, that

050

HISTORY/ THEORY

tectural canons and conventions, most notably the

BEYOND BEAUTY: THE SUBLIME AND THE PICTURESQUE

bodying unity and wholeness. The course concluded

Mary McLeod Fall 2006

theoretical heritage today, discussing themes such as

classical conception of beauty as an a priori ideal, emwith a critical examination of sensationalism and its gender, politics, and the body—and more generally, the relationship between aesthetic theory and poststructuralist critiques of reason and truth. The goal was neither to celebrate sensuous empiricism nor to denounce it, but rather to gain a deeper understanding of its complex history and its possibilities as both a

In Architecture and Utopia Manfredo Ta- functionalism; on the other, nature’s emotional effects liberatory and oppressive concept and practice. furi identiﬁes an “inherent opposition” become the basis of a “science of sensations.” Reabetween those practitioners in modern son and “unreason” are thus not distinct entities but art and architecture who propagate integrally related responses to the same tensions that what exists and those who forge “new emerged from the changing economic, political, scienrealities.” For Tafuri, this division stems tiﬁc, and cultural conditions of the eighteenth century. from the emergence of the eighteenth-

Tracing John Locke’s theory of sensationalism

century capitalist city and a new view through two related ideas—the sublime (Burke, Kant, of nature as both reason and sensation. Boullée, Ruskin, Lyotard, and Libeskind) and the picOn the one hand, the “reason” underly- turesque (Price, Knight, Kames, Soane, Sitte, Pevsner, ing nature serves as a model for notions Rowe, Gehry, and Tschumi)—this course explored how such as structural articulation, type, and sensationalist doctrine challenged traditional archiINDEPENDENT RESEARCH

THE POTENTIAL OF OBSOLETE BELIEFS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHAPELS AT THE CREMATORIES OF MALMO AND STOCKHOLM CEMETERIES Ingrid Campo-Ruiz Kenneth Frampton, advisor Fall 2006

Within the realm of the contempo- between dependence on tradition and the growing au- ity of extending the ceremonies into the landscape by rary questioning of religious dogma, tonomy from religious conventions. Both the Swedish opening a descending chapel door and protecting the what kind of relationship should be rustic heritage present in the chapels of Lewerentz mourners with a portico. The relationships in space established

between

the

individual and Asplund´s reﬁned Greek Classicism feature a established in the two projects between the mourn-

and death? This research focused on strong tie with tradition. This link is reinforced with ers, symbolizing life, and the cataphalque, the place a comparative analysis of the Chapel connotations of ancient death rituals, Asplund taking and symbol of death, embrace the possibility of secuof the Holy Cross (1940) in Stockholm from Viking burial rituals and Lewerentz from Roman larization of the spaces for mourning and meditation, Woodland cemetery by Gunnar Asplund sacred sacrifices. and the twin Chapels of St. Gertrud and

addressing the crisis of religious conventions in our

In some respects, however, both Lewerentz and contemporary time and broadening the freedom of

St. Knut (1934) in Malmo East cemetery Asplund break with Swedish 19th century church con- individual beliefs. by Sigurd Lewerentz. The chapels were ventions. Lewerentz directly exposes the visitor to the compared, highlighting the controversy cataphalque, while Asplund allows for the possibil-

051 Gunnar Asplund, Chapel of the Holy Cross, Stockholm, 1940

VISUAL STUDIES

BITFORMS Dana Karwas + Liubo Borissov Fall 2006

The increased presence and prominence of new media in the context of architecture justiﬁes a separate study

of the forms that arise at the intersection of the two fields. This course defined such generalized entities as bitforms, existing in their own right and avoiding hierarchies of cause and effect and of concept and application. Students followed a unified eclectic approach towards the study of bitforms, combining theory and practice and simultaneously conceptualizing and realizing ideas to ensure relevance and impact. The rapid development of new technologies and quickly shifting cultural conditions necessitate such a phenomenological approach. B

Darcie Watson, A/C Gilland Akos, Alan Tansey, B

052 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

This research and design focused on the develop-

BOLTS 2 BITS

ment of componentry—a family of forms and assembly

Daniel Sakai, Erik Waterman + Li Xu Scott Marble, Phillip Anzalone + Keith Kaseman, advisors Spring 2007

mechanisms that exploit the capabilities of digital fabrication. Expanding upon the initial research conducted at GSAPP in the fall of 2006 with critic Laurie Hawkinson, the proposal was to narrow the focus from a building type to the speciﬁc level of tectonic and mechanical elements at a one-to-one scale. This allowed direct assessment of strength, size, and material performance. The emphasis was placed on fabricated prototype

139 FABRICATION

rather than digital design. Rather than develop aspects of work-ﬂow and technology often associated with mass customization, this project pursued designs which reduced the distance between component fabrication and ﬁnished product. Unlike traditional modes of fabrication, the digital age suggests not only dynamic output of forms but also embedding intelligence into the core of design even at the scale of componentry. Of particular interest was how the forms of crafted components can be opened, grouped, ordered, stacked, attached and detached from one another to instigate different situations. The group sought to expand on previous studies in composite, hybrid, woven and laminated materials rather than the more traditional approach of monolithic bent plywood or pressed aluminum.

HISTORY/ THEORY

ARCHITECTS AND THEIR BOOKS Jeannie Kim Spring 2007

What 25 books should every student and publication design, noticing the ebb and ﬂow of of architecture own? This was the lead different publishing houses, etc. An exercise in clasinto an unabashedly dated examination siﬁcation and list-making, the course also questioned of architectural monographs and maga- the relationship between what architects do and how zines. Beginning with a critical exami- they communicate and promote architectural ideas in nation of architects’ libraries (including an era when the book is seemingly becoming obsolete Columbia’s own), the course provided an or, at least, increasingly dilute, and the magazine inexcuse to think about issues of design, creasingly irrelevant. translation, and publication vis-à-vis well-known architectural monographs and magazines, comparing different editions, taking note of trends in book

053

COLUMBIA LAB FOR ARCHITECTURAL BROADCASTING RESEARCH LAB

Jeffrey Inaba, director

C-Lab, the Columbia Laboratory for Architectural Broadcasting, is an ex-

Since 2005, C-Lab has collaborated with Dutch magazine

perimental research unit devoted to the development of new forms of com- Archis and Rem Koolhaas’s AMO on Volume, an independent munication in architecture, set up as a semi-autonomous think and action bimonthly for architecture to go beyond itself. tank at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation of http://c-lab.columbia.edu Columbia University. The mission of C-Lab is to test experimental forms of architectural communication. Rethinking architecture at a global scale, the lab sets up creative BROADCASTING ARCHITECTURE partnerships to broaden the range and increase the intensity of architectural The conventional wisdom is that mainstream broadcasting is discourse, launching unique events, provisional networks, special issues of over-saturated with content. To reach valued viewers, the ‘inmagazines, video streams, television, radio and webcasts. The lab acts as dustry’ is narrowing the beam, customizing what it packages a kind of training camp and energy source for incubating new channels for to target the interests of coveted demographic niches. Narrowdebate about architecture.

casting is what the ﬁeld of architecture does well. But have we

054 become so effective at addressing our core readers that we’ve saturated our market for ideas? A glance at the mainstream media world suggests that while we may be over-stocking our niche we are underselling ourselves in the open market. Far and wide, images of architecture are being broadcast. Even in the medium of print, architecture circulates in the public domain more than any architectural publishing mogul has envisioned, or has at least dared to mention in print. New forms of architecture (logo, money shot, head shot, sound-bite, backdrop) are appearing everywhere. Advertisements, newspapers, bigtime magazines, postage stamps, all make use of these forms for material and meaning. Even money prominently features architecture. And as the presence of architecture increases in other media, as it hits the airwaves from public radio to MTV and travels through digital environments, in what way will we be involved in the transmission, rhetorical management, and licensing of its use? As architecture gets broadcast, how can we influence, inspire and program the architecture of broadcasting? Broadcasting is both the expansion of the current activity of the school into other forms of public communication, and an experiment to redefine the activities of architectural practice. By experimenting with a new medium of communication, the academy can develop and define new agendas, new projects for the field. In other words, exploring a new medium can give inspiration to our chosen message. With that in mind, C-Lab will foster new techniques to design beyond the logo, money shot, headshot, etc., and to generate alternative images, structures, sequences, and programs.

V1: ARCHITECTURE MUST GO BEYOND ITSELF

In this issue of Volume we raise the question of ‘going beyond’: Beatriz Colomina, and many others. beyond the ofﬁce, beyond the school, beyond the magazine;

This issue of Volume is accompanied by the 80 pages study of AMO on the

theme title: To Beyond or Not to Be. With essays by Rem Koolhaas, ‘History of Europe and the EU’, a bright and colourful panorama of three milMark Wigley and Ole Bouman and contributions by Jeffey Inaba, lenia of European history confronted with the genesis and maturing of the EU. B

V2: DOING (ALMOST) NOTHING

Volume #2’s editorial takes its cue from Robert Venturi, by stating lin are two responses of maximal dimensions, agency, effort and expense to ﬁll that ‘Doing nothing is almost all right’. Daniel Libeskind’s design a traumatic absence. Have these architects done too much, or is it impossible in for Ground Zero and Peter Eisenman’s Holocaust Memorial in Ber- this case to do (almost) nothing? C

V3: BROADCASTING ARCHITECTURE

Architecture presupposes inhabitants. Literature depends on failures and the strategies you require to succeed. In this 3rd issue of Volume readers. Art requires the viewer. Music demands listeners. But be- the box contains Volume magazine and an “Extra Edition! Read all about it!” yond these truths, culture today must touch a general audience to newspaper brought to you by C-LAB. Of course there is another AMO Bulletin. maintain its legitimacy. Make yourself heard or perish! This issue Finally, the long awaited interactive documentary “On the Borderline” on CDof Volume provides you with the tools you need to understand your ROM, based on the past nine ARCHIS RSVP events. D

V4: BREAKTHROUGH!

The isolation of the self; the sacrosanct object; the solitude of ‘out- re-animate, re-infuse ourselves with energy? Read how reality seeps through standing’ architecture. Are these signs of a moribund culture? If so, our unassailable myths and penetrates our splendid isolation. where did our vitality go? Can we ﬁnd it in other domains? Can we E

V7: THE ARCHITECTURE OF POWER, PART 3

In the previous two issues we emphasized how power takes shape power is using architecture not simply to express itself, but to organize itself. and acquires form. How it can be recognized. We’re now taking it Power structures and relations think architecturally in order to be successful. one step further in our Volume research campaign on the architec- And if you hope to challenge these structures and relations, you better do the ture of (a countervailing) power. This time we will show you how same. A true Macchiavelli is always an architect. F

V11: CITIES UNBUILT

It seems an eternal distinction: sometimes people build, sometimes ing: much destruction also has an agenda. It has a precision that reminds us of they destroy. However, since we have a concept of modernity, we architecture. It has a formal dimension that reminds us of design. In this issue: also understand that building is very often based on sheer de- explore the sinister creativity of Cities Unbuilt. struction. It is ‘the price of progress’. A new insight is now emerg-

055

COLUMBIA LAB FOR ARCHITECTURAL BROADCASTING A

056 G

COLUMBIA LAB FOR ARCHITECTURAL BROADCASTING

057

V8: Ubiquitous China See how this issue of Volume can help you craft the agenda for Ubiquitous China, Covering: the Confucian-Taoist nexus, Utopianism, the new empire, Google.cn, heritage & preservation, CCTV, publishing industry, education, urban practice, architectural design, architects as businessmen, criticism, chaos as control, and much more (not necessarily in hierarchical order). In China everywhere...

V9: SUBURBIA AFTER THE CRASH

If a crisis is imminent, we need strong policies to cope with it. If the world is fac- and curb the lie that gives a dream to the millions but will be their ing a crisis of debt, a crisis of truth, a crisis of sprawl and a crisis of purpose, what predicament when they really need a home. can design do? This issue of Volume is your survival kit to take responsibility H

V10: AGITATION!

Maybe it is different in your part of the world, but in the US there is currently an ures who rattle the bones of our institutions by challenging estabagitation shortage. There is not much work in architecture that incites discord lished values. And there are few that feel agitated, or disturbed, with the prevalent views held by the profession. There are few agitators, or ﬁg- about this as the overall state of today’s situation. INTERVIEWS / EVENTS I

Peter Cook: “Making a Scene” on Archigram, running the Bartlett, transatlantic miscommunications, and being loose-limbed

Hernan Diaz-Alonso: “My work is like salt” on digital modeling, teaching, manifestos, and his generation

Francois Roche: “Unﬁnished Business” disidentifying the architect, hermaphroditic polar bears, Bangkok as ecoplasm, and unﬁnishing the stores

Alejandro Zaera-Polo: on the cult of celebrity, architectural pragmatixm, an unscientiﬁc autobiography, and moving from ﬂows to bubbles

Cesar Millan: “Leadership” on good pack leaders, becoming animal, domestic territories, and why dogs don’t follow Gandhi

René Daalder: “The Future of Everything” on SpaceCollective.org, broadcasting to the universe, Carl Sagan, and Timothy Leary

Kevin Roche: on the responsibility of architects, the importance of a mentor, sixty years of architectural practice, and following the North Star

Charles Jencks: on architects as public intellectuals, pygmy giants, eagle scouts with irony, and why XL was too small (because it wasn’t cosmic)

PAGES FROM VOLUME

058 Q

COLUMBIA LAB FOR ARCHITECTURAL BROADCASTING Q

059

060 Q

061 The Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of

THE TEMPLE HOYNE BUELL CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

American Architecture, established in 1982, promotes

Joan Ockman, director, Sarah Goldsmith, program coordinator

ism, and landscape by fostering innovative scholarship

knowledge of American and world architecture, urbanand informed debate. The Buell Center’s activities include lectures, conferences, publications, exhibitions, and awards programs.

AWARDS

College) for her thesis, “Stuyvesant Town: A Vision of titled “The New City: Architecture and

The Buell Center currently sponsors two awards Middle Class Utopia as a Remedy for Urban Blight.” Urban Renewal,” and the burgeoning programs. The Catherine Hoover Voorsanger Writing The Oral History Research Award, given to a full- advocacy planning movements in New Prize is awarded each spring for outstanding essays time graduate student for the purpose of conducting York including ARCH, the Architect’s Reon American architecture, landscape, or urbanism an oral history relevant to architecture, urbanism, or newal Committee in Harlem. completed during the academic year; one prize goes landscape was given for the second time this year. The to a GSAPP student, the other to a GSAS student or Co- recipients were Marta Caldeira (Ph.D., Architecture), lumbia or Barnard College senior. The prizes this year for a proposal relating to the impact of Italian archiwent to Jacob Kubi Ackerman (M.Arch ‘07) for his es- tectural theory on Iberian architecture culture of the say titled “Environmental Architecture and the Para- 1960s–1970s, and to Steven Caputo (M.Arch) for a prodox of Autonomy,” and to Alana Weiss (B.A., Columbia posal on the relationship between a 1967 MoMA show THE FORuM PROJECT

art. Other FORuM presentations included lectures by series of FORuM publications designed

In the fall of 2006, the Buell Center launched a major Mark Linder and Caroline A. Jones, and a round-table by David Reinfurt and Stuart Bailey of two-year program titled “The FORuM Project.” Orga- comparing aesthetic and political conceptions of au- O-R-G, Inc. The FORuM Project this nized in cooperation with the Berlage Institute in Rot- tonomy, with the participation of Pier Vittorio Aureli, year also cosponsored two spring semiterdam, FORuM is a contemporary platform for archi- Casey Haskins, Reinhold Martin, and John Rajchman. tects to rethink the relationship between built form and

nars in the GSAPP entitled “Rethinking

This spring the Buell Center published Studio and Form” and “Form and the City,” taught

the city. (The “u” in FORuM is for “urban.”) Among the Cube: On the relationship between where art is made by Joan Ockman and Pier Vittorio Aureli FORuM events this year were lectures by Michael Fried and where art is displayed. The book contains an ex- respectively; and a master class taught on the work of Bernd and Hiller Becher, by Svetlana panded essay by Brian O’Doherty, sequel to his semi- by Ockman, Aureli, and Elia Zenghelis at Boym on Russian Formalism, and by Yve-Alain Bois nal Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery the Berlage Institute. For the latter, 60 on non-compositional aesthetics in twentieth-century Space and is the ﬁrst volume in a new small-format international students, including a team from the GSAPP headed by Enrique Walker, were invited to participate in an intensive studio addressing seven sites in Rotterdam South, with the results exhibited at the International Architecture Biennale, Rotterdam.

FORuM, A Svetlana Boym, B Michael Fried, C Yve-Alain Bois, D

062

Joan Ockman, E Casey Haskins, Pier Vittorio Aureli, Reinhold Martin, John Rajchman, F Studio and Cube, G

SYMPOSIA

anniversary. The Buell Center also organized a panel half coming from outside the United States, making it

Additional public programs presented discussion with Robert Beauregard, Kenneth Jackson, the largest ever. The conveners this year were Reinby the Buell Center in 2006–2007 in- Suzanne Stephens, Mike Wallace, and Tom Wolfe cel- hold Martin and Mary McLeod. cluded a memorial tribute to architect, ebrating the publication of New York 2000, the culmiteacher, critic, and curator Peter Blake nating book in the multivolume history of New York (1920–2006), whose archives are now authored by Robert A. M. Stern, David Fishman, and housed in Avery Library; and a round- Jacob Tilove. table discussion called “Giving a Damn:

The Biennial Dissertation Colloquium, a prestigious

Architects’ Initiatives in Response to scholarly forum for presentation of doctoral research World Crises,” held in conjunction with that the Buell Center has hosted since 1985, took place the celebration of the GSAPP’s 125th over a day and a half in April, with 15 students, nearly H

Robert Stern, H New York 2000, I Suzanne Stephens, Robert Beauregard, Tom Wolfe, Kenneth Jackson, Mike Wallace, Joan Ockman, J

063 BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

BUILDING SYSTEMS 1 Jay Hibbs + Tony Webster, instructors Spring 2007

The intent of this six-week problem was to gain an understanding of the relationships among structure, enclosure, environmental conditioning, and formal expression in major American architectural works. Working from construction documents, students were asked to develop three-dimensional details of crucial portions of a given building. Final documentation included combinations of drawings, models, full-scale mock-ups and computer animations.

Greta Hansen, Jin Woo Heo, Hyoung-Gul Kook,

Yong Ju Lee, A/B Milan Dale, Jordan Dickinson, Nambi Gardner, Daniel Kidd, John Turkula, C/D Terri Chiao, Jessica Dobkin, Deborah Grossberg, Mateusz Tarczynski, E

064 F

Jin Pyo Eun, Jong Seo Kim, Hanuy Park, Se Yoon Park, F/G/H

065 BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

BUILDING SYSTEMS 2 Jay Hibbs + David Wallance, instructors Fall 2006

This nine-week problem was to design and detail a multi-story industrial loft block. Students were asked to focus primarily on the building’s technical utilitarian systems—structure, enclosure, and environmental conditioning—and to integrate their resolution into the building's formal expression and spatial definition.

Nicolas Medrano, Daniel Sakai, Andrew Skey, Matthew Stofen, A Jamison Guest, Jason Ivaliotis, Nicholas Kothari, Donna Pallotta, D/E Ulises Castillo, Katherine Hearey, Matthew Worsnick, Paul Yoo, B/C

066

Anna Smith Kenoff, Christopher Kroner, Derek Linder, Christine Yogiaman, F Yi-Kuan Eddie Chou, Peter Epstein, Christopher McAnneny, Swati Salgaocar, G William Arbizu, Randall Holl, G. Michael Rusch, Ashley Simone, Minyoung Song, H/I

067 BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES Anthony Webster, director

The Building Technologies curriculum is based on pression—ﬁrst through in-depth case studies of entire the belief that architects beneﬁt from using a basic buildings, and then by the preliminary design of an knowledge of technical systems, not only as utilitar- industrial-loft block. In both courses, students work ian ends in themselves, but also as a means to help in teams with structural, mechanical, and buildingdevelop a building's spaces, forms and expression. envelope experts. The six-course required sequence begins by outlining

Throughout the Building Technologies sequence,

the environmental conditions that habitable spaces students are encouraged to apply their growing knowlrespond to, and describing the physical determinants edge to design problems posed in studio. Occasionally, of technical building systems. Next, individual build- optional studios focusing on various aspects of the reing systems—including (primarily) structure, building lationship between technology and spatial and formal enclosure, environmental conditioning, and informa- design are offered for third-year students. The goals tion management—are explored in depth. For each of the Building Technologies electives are threefold: system studied, various design strategies, materials, to explore the potential of technological systems to fabrication techniques, and didactic built works are impact design; to understand historical relationships explored. Field trips, laboratory demonstrations, and among technology, philosophy, politics, and architecshort design problems are used to augment in-class ture; and to take advantage of New York's professional study. As both a qualitative and a basic quantitative practitioners working with the technological "state understanding of elementary systems are mastered, of the art." The diversity of views regarding architecthe curriculum shifts its focus onto increasingly com- tural technology represented by the school's design plex systems serving entire buildings. The sequence's and technology faculty is reﬂected in, and thereby last two courses (Building Systems I and II) develop an strengthens, the elective offerings. understanding of how technical-utilitarian systems are resolved and integrated with other systems, and how they inform a building's spaces and formal exJohnna Brazier, Jennifer Preston Digital Detailing, Spring 2007

068 ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

MODERNIZATION, NATIONAL IMAGE AND IDEOLOGY: ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY IN CHINA, 1900–1953 Min Ying Wang

This dissertation examines the relation- chitecture began as a formal discipline only in the last twentieth century, both within China and without, and ships among modernization, national decades of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Since the late to analyze the different ideologies embodied in their image, and ideology through the study of nineteenth century, Chinese scholars have produced various approaches to architectural history. architectural texts written in China from a significant body of architectural history, which has about the turn of the twentieth century helped shape the way Chinese people think of architecto 1953, the year the Architectural So- ture. Given the influence and importance of these texts, ciety of China—the first official institu- a thorough account of the historiography of these texts tion regarding architectural study—was is necessary. However, such work has not yet been founded. In this period, most architec- done—either in English or in Chinese. This dissertation tural research was a private activity. In is intended to fill that void; the objective of this analytiChina, architecture was not traditionally cal study is to examine the writings of the most imporseen as a scholarly field. The study of ar- tant architectural historians during the first half of the ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

RING AROUND PEOPLE'S PARK, SHANGHAI, CHINA Jeffrey Johnson, critic, with Qingyun Ma + Tao Zhu Spring 2007

More and more cities have recognized

ting cultural elite to include the city and its citizens as

the potential cultural collateral that

well as providing the visitor with a biennale experience

hosting an art biennale produces. This

embedded within the urban fabric. Each project had to

has created a proliferation of biennales

provide the organization strategy for their biennale

worldwide. With this increased number,

proposal as well as the physical environment neces-

the event of the biennale has become

sary for the exhibition of art. Since the biennale is only

arguably a single homogenous experi-

a two-month long event every two years, the proposals

ence. Few have successfully differenti-

had to consider the consequence of temporary instal-

ated themselves from others. The studio

lation versus long-term permanent intervention.

was challenged to redeﬁne the event and physical environment of the biennale. The studio project was to liberate the Shanghai Biennale from its current home inside the Shanghai Art Museum. Almost all of the international biennales exhibit the artwork collectively within existing museums or generic exhibition spaces. To challenge this convention and other typical notions of exhibition, the studio distributed the biennale events throughout the People’s Park and/or beyond, into the city of Shanghai. This would enable the inﬂuence of the bien-

nale to expand beyond the usual jet-setC

069 Evan Allen, A/B/C Jason Arndt Kezhen Cao, D/E/F Eunsuk Choi Jaesung Jung Golnaz Riazi Khoei Julia Molloy, A/B/C Susan Oh Sung Lun Tang Erik Waterman, A/B/C Gordon Wong Mercy Wong, D/E/F Li Xu, D/E/F

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

CHOICE BY DESIGN: PLANNED PARENTHOOD, QUEENS Ana Miljacki, critic Spring 2007

At once an institution that educates and provides ible lines into the space of Planned Parhealthcare, Planned Parenthood also agitates, lobbies enthood health centers across America. and assembles a diverse population daily. It thus func-

As a direct result of constant legis-

tions both as a political lightning rod and as a space lative battles, Planned Parenthood has in which the most intimate physical interactions occur. had to plan for its future more actively The potential pressures on any single affiliate health than any other healthcare institution center are multiple, often contradictory, and with very in the US. Consequently, Planned Parintense design implications. The regulatory environ- enthood believes in articulating new ment alone (including the set of codes that pertain to visions, considering possible difficult security, patient privacy rights, the financing of family scenarios, implementing new technoloplanning, and the basic operations of clinical environ- gies, and reaching out globally. Embracments) often literally inscribes both visible and invis- ing this institution’s core attitude, this

070

studio anticipated possible and likely fuD

tures involving the operation of Planned

Deborah Grossberg, C/D Sarita Gunaratna, A

Parenthood, both as an institution and

Christine LeVasser

as an architecture, through a series of

Katherine Scott

“what if” scenarios.

Sid Wichienkuer, E/F Tom Wu

Margaret Andrews Sahar Baghaii Erin Beaupre Jessica Dobkin, B Georgia Ewen-Campen Jonathan Gonzalez E

VISUAL STUDIES

DRIFT CINEMA: PRACTICE Ed Keller Fall 2006

The contemporary metropolis is ever enterprises designed only to bring a fabulist per- of map can be constructed to examine the pervasive more activated by crowds pursuing an spective to everyday life. elusive goal: useless time, free time,

conspiracies that writers such as Jameson, Negri,

Cinema has been called the ‘Last Machine’, yet we Hardt, and Rheingold have theorized? What represen-

excess time, time of transformation see that today’s alternate reality games, ﬂash mobs, tational systems are adequate to the construction of and play. Less confrontational than and wildly evolving trans-urban cultures are a ‘life these maps, to assist in drafting counter-proposals for the innovators of May ‘68, emergent world cinema.’ How can we conceptualize this new a geopolitically responsive architecture? The workshop communities online and in the city now ‘last machine?’ If documentary cinema has been theo- placed students directly into contact with the city and are a freewheeling version of Homo rized by some as a radically political act, what happens demanded the creation of a new cartographic process. Ludens. In some cases these networks when the documentary enters the domain of a new Radically useless time—the production, invention, and are being used to coordinate demon- ‘expanded cinema?’ strations, even to overthrow govern-

consumption of excess time—was understood as a way

What techniques can be brought to bear in the in- of getting closer to what Smithson called the ‘entropic

ments. In others, they are absurdist vestigation and practice of drift today? What new kinds city’, and of reinventing its possibilities.

071 Yves Culqui

Matthew Utley

Skye Duncan

Sara Valente

Marcelo Ertorteguy Takahiro Fukuda Busara Kanpetch Karla Karwas Irene Kelly Kimiko Kubota Annie Kwon Cristine LeVasser Mark Morris Iason Pantazis VISUAL STUDIES

DRIFT CINEMA: THEORY (POST-EMPIRE DRIFT CINEMA) Ed Keller Spring 2007

The city comes to life through the overlapping ambi- of monolithic memory structure on a political and cul-

Architecture operates as a key link in

ences it can host: either as a kind of software, in cultural tural level contrasts dramatically with the time of the this dynamic relation, in its capability to movements, or a kind of hardware, in the physical forms individual subject, which is ﬁlled with myriad unpre- slow down such time, unlike many other of the architecture of the city itself. The unique nature dictable details. Similarly, the ‘time’ of the built fabric disciplines tied into the practice of genand identity of any urban location emerges in an irreduc- of the city provides an archetypal and shared memory erating urban morphology. This seminar ible resonance that is produced between that ‘software’ which spans all cultures, while the individual subject in studied these emerging ‘Post-Empire’ and ‘hardware’. In the case of the contemporary global their chance encounters creates an absolutely unique landscapes of control, systemic tendencity, the intensiﬁcation of this relationship has produced memory that then cascades into the urban form itself. cies, and new freedoms. a more radical set of bifurcations, no longer resolved as Urban morphologies are now on fast-forward, as they the outcome of a binary logic (‘ambience’), yet rather as adjust ever more rapidly to global systems that pro- Mark Bearak a monolithic temporal construct of parallel realities.

vide individuals, collectives, and institutions with con- Mehmet Bozatli

The ‘time’ of the institution, which organizes a kind stantly shifting ways to interact.

Samuel Brissette Diane De Fazio Dora Kelle Chia-yu Li Clinton Miller Jordan Trachtenberg Laura Trevino Elliott Voth

HISTORY/ THEORY

CITY, IDEOLOGY, AND FORM Pier Aureli Fall 2006

While formalism in architecture is still considered a

This seminar reconstructed a critical genealogy about urbanism, politics of representa-

retreat into the academic boudoir (think of Manfredo of contemporary urban visions through the study of a tion, architecture, and the city, students Tafuri’s critique of the neo-avant-garde and the recent number of constituent architectural forms that pres- illustrated how certain architectural debate about critical vs. post-critical), this seminar ently construct the contemporary understanding of the principles give form to an idea of the proposed a new definition of the formal. At the center city. With the intent of challenging the current belief city. Students theoretically addressed of this definition is a concrete political engagement that architecture can follow only retroactively what the the city by means of these architectural with the city—its meaning and its representations— city is about, students analyzed specific projects and conjectures with the aim of stimulating and a view of architecture as a formal and ideologi- theories in their formal constituency. This seminar subjectively proactive, rather than retcal theory of the city. In this context architecture itself showed how the formal in architecture has consciously roactive, theoretical positions to define becomes a theoretical form of cityness: a conjecture anticipated, in its own singularity of urban facts, con- the current post-sprawl landscape. of what the city could be, even if architecture cannot temporary urban scenarios. Revisiting historical case build the city.

studies, through the lens of contemporary discussions

072 ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

under the rubric of “police science”—the theory of the

FIGURES OF THE CITY IN THE ANCIEN RÉGIME, OR THE POLICE, THE CITY, AND THE URBAN IMAGINARY FROM LOUIS XIV TO THE REVOLUTION, OR EVEN STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY, ARCHITECTURE: A CRITIQUE OF THE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE GOOD CITY

government and administration of the city. The thesis

Cesare Birignani

change in the way the city, in both its material and

examines two historical phenomena and their mutual relation: ﬁrst, the emergence of a new “rationality” of the city, as it developed in the discourse and practices of the police, the institution that most controlled urban transformation; and second, a profound cultural political sense, was conceived. My hypothesis is that the new ideas and representations of the city that emerged in the eighteenth century involved a funda-

Since antiquity the term polis has captured the idea

mental rearticulation of the relation between State

of city both as physical settlement and as commu-

and civil society—the police offers a critical means to

nity/state. This thesis explores this

understanding that rearticulation.

constituent ambivalence as it took form in the early-modern period, tracing a

Nicolas de La Mare, Traité de la Police, Paris, 1705.

series of historical shifts in the way the city was envisioned in France from the reign of Louis XIV until the Revolution. I propose to study the urban imaginary of this period by comparing the ﬁgures of the city produced by architects and utopian writers to the ideas formulated ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

CLIMB 155TH STREET (CITY LIFE IS MOVING BODIES) Richard Plunz, critic, with Patricia Culligan + Dimitris Vlachopoulos Fall 2006

This architecture studio differed from the norm in both format and resources

such that it challenged the normative preconceptions of what architectural design is and how it is determined to function within society; increased the richness of advanced architectural design discourse through introduction of material relationships with other discourses, i.e. from the engineering and public health ﬁelds; and produced through collaborative input from others, beyond the constraints of the ﬁeld as it is currently practiced, to attain another level of meaning in society. CLIMB (City Life Is Moving Bodies) is a long-term neighborhood-based project for health and community in Harlem and Northern Manhattan. This studio considered the infrastructure and public space implications of this initiative from the vantage point of exercise, ecology, education , and economic development.

073 D

Jacob Ackerman, C Jonathan Chen Sabri Farouki, B Alvaro Quintana Barreneche, E Swati Salgaocar, D Citra Soedarsono, A Joon Young Yang, F

URBAN PL ANNING PH.D. PROGRAM

and their subsequent investment in real

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF REMITTANCES ON THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF COLOMBIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE HOUSING MARKET

estate ventures in urban areas has been

Milena Gomez

Remittance flows sent by Colombian immigrants have diverse business-creation enterprises, this research grown since the late 1990’s and in 2006 totaled $3.89 paper will focus solely on the housing market because billion. This sum represents the largest foreign source it has been a leading sector of the Colombian economy of income for the country, a potentially critical resource generating unskilled and semi-skilled jobs and crefor its economic growth and development. However, ating a multiplier effect in the economy. At the same 68% percent of these flows are not being invested pro- time, the fall and rise of the housing market has closeductively since they are earmarked for the daily con- ly replicated the migration patterns of many Colomsumption needs of family members in Colombia. This bians. The crisis of the real estate market at the end study examines whether financial remittances sent by of the 1990’s coincided with the most recent wave of Colombian immigrants back home can increasingly be emigration of Colombians, and resulted in an immense channeled into major productive investments, such drain on human capital. Needless to say, since 2002, as real estate. Although immigrants send funds for the repatriation of capital by Colombians living abroad URBAN PL ANNING

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Lance Freeman Fall 2006

Community Development Planning prepared stu- opment plan responsive to the needs, assets, and dents to develop strategies for revitalizing forlorn in- concerns of the neighborhood. ner city neighborhoods by studying various theories of neighborhood change. Students combined these theories with analytical and diagnostic techniques for neighborhood trends relevant to community development to develop revitalization strategies. The class completed a comprehensive neighborhood study that developed each student’s capacity to plan for a neighborhood’s redevelopment. Through a series of quantitative analyses, community interviews, and course assignments, students created a devel-

an important factor in the recuperation of the construction business. New York Housing Fair 2006

074 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

CONEY ISLAND: FOUR PARADOXES, FOUR OPPORTUNITIES! Peter Cook + Jeffrey Johnson, critics Fall 2006

paradox: New York turns its back on the sea

Hugo Martinez

paradox: We search for escape but look down on old-

Brad McCoy, B/D

style ‘fun’

Eduardo McIntosh, A/C

paradox: We live in boring apartments in

Anna Smith Kennoff

predictable surroundings

Natalie Smith

paradox: We’re scared to mix and invent

Kyochao Tseng

typologies for 21st century

Sara Valente, E/F

Look at Coney: sea, boardwalk, funny goings-on, funny patches of land, new ways to escape, a proper Aquarium,

more sport, workout. Think: Muscle Beach California, urban fun-mat, helterskelter pre-digital diagram in wood.

These paradoxes are opportunities. In this studio, students turned them upside down to cheer up the outer fringes of Brooklyn and had fun doing so. Karin Chen Sean Erickson Marcelo Ertorteguy Ivana Filipovic Athanasia Leivaditou D

075 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

ARCHITECTURE CONSERVATION LABS I, II, + III George Wheeler Fall 2006, Spring 2007

These laboratories comprised a three-semester sequence designed to provide a basic understanding of building materials, to demonstrate how to identify these materials and evaluate their conditions, and to show how to generate the information and data necessary to propose and evaluate conservation treatments. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and ﬁeld trips, these three courses examined wood, paint, and other ﬁnishes to wood surfaces, concrete, mortar, stucco, and plaster.

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CONSERVATION SEMINAR: ARCHITECTURAL FINISHES IN AMERICA Mary Jablonski Spring 2007

This course explored the principals and practices of architectural finishes. It included the technical aspects of how finishes were made, how they were used, the preservation and conservation of finishes, and maintenance of these finishes. Students learned how to ask questions about finishes, how to begin to answer those questions, and how to prepare a finish investigation report. The course included lectures, site visits, and site and laboratory work. Types of finishes covered in this course were paint, wallpaper, plaster, stucco, twentieth century wall and ceiling finishes, tile, linoleum, and glass. HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CONSERVATION SEMINAR: METALS Richard Pieper Fall 2006

This seminar reviewed the structural and decorative cades. Field trips dealt with the issues of identiﬁcation uses of metals in buildings and monuments. The met- of metals, evaluation of deterioration, scope of repairs, als reviewed included iron and steel, copper and cop- preparation of construction documents, and methods per alloys including bronze and brass, lead, tin, zinc, of disassembly and repair. Trips included visits to the aluminum, nickel, and chromium. The seminar exam- Erie Lackawanna Ferry Terminal, the Battery Maritime ined the history of manufacture and use of architec- Building, the New Jersey State House, the Guardian tural metals; mechanisms of their deterioration and Life Insurance Building, the Staten Island Light House corrosion; and cleaning, repair, and conservation. The course was intended to give students a practical understanding of the architectural metals issues they will face in their professional careers, such as the restoration of metal roof cornices and cast iron fa-

Repair Depot, and a metals testing facility.

076 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CONSERVATION WORKSHOP Mary Jablonski + Joan Berkowitz Fall 2006

This course was a hands-on course designed to build

real world conservation issues, the course focused on

architectural conservation skills that are required of

speciﬁc historic sites. Students began their studies in

conservation professionals. The work-

the ﬁeld and further expanded their investigations in

shop used the American Institute for

the laboratory. The goal of the workshop was to pro-

Conservation’s (AIC) Code of Ethics as

duce conservation professionals that will give thought

a guideline for developing appropriate

and care to the preservation of cultural heritage.

documentation and material study practices as well as designing and carrying out effective treatments. The emphasis in the coursework was on the practical application of conservation knowledge and skills. In order to expose the students to URBAN DESIGN STUDIO

SUMMARY OF URBAN CONSTELLATION: ENCOUNTERING THE CITY Andrea Kahn, coordinator Charlie Cannon, Phu Duong, Gretchen Schneider + Raymond Sih, critics Summer 2006

339 URBAN FIELD As an interpretive framework, the no- still maintaining capacity to accommodate change tion of the urban constellation directs over time, students manipulated the underlying sysattention on the ever-shifting collection tems structuring urban experience to effect urban of physical and non-physical systems transformation through projects that aspired to more that interact to conﬁgure urban experi- than polishing the surface appearance of the city. ence. As a design activity, constellat- Their work aimed variously to amplify the local; dising focuses on assembling the array cover proﬁtability in wastelands; create constructive of physical forms, infrastructural in- interferences between urban systems; enhance urban terconnections, development models, green stock; facilitate alternative occupations of puband social agents needed to create new lic places; and construe public space from intersecting forms of public space. To create urban social, economic, and ecological sheds.

spaces that afford lasting value while B

077 This studio examined urban design as an essentially public practice. Working collaboratively, students developed speculative urban strategies to address critically low rise urbanism in the wetlands of Secaucus, New Jersey; tensions arising from the coexistence of residential and industrial uses in Hunts Point, the Bronx; the impacts of a globally driven tourist industry on the rapidly transforming neighborhood of Red Hook, Brooklyn; and the highly toxic Newtown Creek, on the Brooklyn-Queens boundary.

Constructive Interference D

Erick Gregory, Marissa Gregory, Irene Kelly,

Christopher Reynolds, C/D/E/F Exploiting Time Anas Alomaim, Michael Bello, Skye Duncan, Busara Kanpetch, I/J Postures: Making Public Space Ling Li, Sumalatha Karveti, Soo Jin Kim, Shriram Suredhranath, G/H Urban Green Stock Gizem Deniz Guneri, Dynelle Volesky Long, Ichiro Nagano, Ziyu Zhang, A/B

078 I

REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Irving Fisher Spring 2007

Effective development depends on a the various components of a building; design docusynthesis of all aspects of building, from mentation; and urban planning issues such as zoning. large-scale planning issues to the practicalities and particulars of construction. The purpose of this course was to introduce students to the fundamental processes of construction and the state of the industry as it exists today. Of particular interest were the roles and legal relationships of the architects, engineers, contractors, and consultants; the phases and scheduling of construction; HISTORY/ THEORY

ARCHITECTURE: THE CONTEMPORARY (FROM 1968 TO THE PRESENT) Bernard Tschumi Fall 2006

Should architecture be judged based on counterpoint in Rational Architecture, and ended with its history? Does contemporary practice an examination of the yet unbuilt work of today’s newgrow out of a genealogy of forms? Or, on est architectural practices in relation to issues of postthe contrary, do architects develop ideas criticality and utopian realism. and concepts embedded in their culture and time? If architecture is a practice of concepts and ideas, this course suggested that practice may precede theory as often as theory precedes practice. Covering the period from 1968 to the present, the seminar began with Italian Radical Architecture, together with its

079 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

CONTROL | POWER | FLOW: IMAGINATION OR INSURRECTION Ed Keller, critic, with Douglas Diaz Summer 2006

Historically unprecedented relationships emerge today as the centuries-old idea of a 'state of exception' ﬁnds increasingly networked channels of operation. The contemporary boundaries of global institutions create utterly new forms of territory, and these require a different range of urban and architectural solutions. Today an emerging space of freedom and agency may have a chance to install the sociopolitical intensities envisioned by Constant in his New Babylon schemes; fully activated and responsive to Bataille’s general economy, for better or worse: catalyzing unexpected transitive relationships in the world system of politics, culture, capital, energy, and information. The studio began with a four-week project, analyzing precedent models of insurrections (historical or imaginary). A range of ﬁlms—Battle of Algiers, Code 46, Passenger, etc.—were screened and discussed to provide a theoretical framework for the design process. After the mid-review, the studio divided into two general camps: either anti- or pro-insurrection. Projects operated at multiple scales and questioned how they might promote notions of control or freedom at the level of the city, crowd, or individual, through

landscape, media, urban design, and architectural intervention. As the nation-state fades as a meaningful construct, the tectonic plates of sociopolitical drift

govern all systems, behaviors and interactions. The studio tactically intervened within this geopolitical system to test the limits of architecture.

Christopher Booth Ingrid Campo-Ruiz Erick Carcamo Nefeli Chatzimina Ivana Filipovic Christopher Johnson, A/B Karla Karwas Maurizio Mucciola, D Leah Nanpei, C Yunchao Xu

080 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO/STUDIO 3

TWO CONURBATIONS IN EVOLUTION: QUITO AND GUAYAQUIL Richard Plunz, coordinator Mojdeh Baratloo + Ana Maria Duran, critics, with Ira Mia Jones-Cimini + Victoria Marshall Spring 2007

339 URBAN FIELD Guayaquil (population 2.9 million) and Quito (population 1.8 million) are the largest cities in Ecuador and among the important emerging global metropolises in South America. While the cities are in close proximity, they are otherwise worlds apart. Each city is diverse in origin, social geography, political economy and culture. Guayaquil is tropical, on a sea-level delta; Quito is high Andean, at an elevation of 2,850 meters—the second-highest capital city in the world. Quito has evolved following the model of "cultural and historic city" with origins dating from the ancient Inca Empire and earlier. Guayaquil has evolved as a "business city" within the Paciﬁc trade network. This symbiotic contrast follows in some ways the "Valley Section" paradigm of Patrick Geddes, the pioneering Scottish biologist and planner who founded the modern ecological science, and who also coined the term "conurbation" in describing urban sprawl during

the ﬁrst industrial revolution. B

Students explored Geddes’s conurbation concept relative to a "post-industrial" phase, through a comparative critical analysis of the predicted new growth of Guayaquil and Quito. Shared concerns about the environmental impacts of the new large infrastructural investments guided students to invent new fabrics and urbanisms to mediate and remediate the ecological balance. This discourse was placed in the light of the relentless course of urban agglomeration that appears to be the destiny of both cities, together with the endemic social divides that place up to 70 percent of the population below the poverty level, and with the

081 deeply-rooted culture and values related to the preEuropean civilization. Skye Duncan, Dynelle Volesky Long, Christopher Reynolds, A/B/D Busara Kanpetch, Irene Kelly, Jay Lim, C Elizabeth Barry, Marissa Gregory, Frankie Lui, E/F Pedro Claudio, Kantawan Jenny Neenchaisak, Eleni Seraﬁmidou, G Erick Gregory, Gizem Deniz Guneri, Bernard Malafaia, H

082 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

COOL-AID 2.0—HEALTH ARCHITECTURE AS AGENT, THE ARCHITECT AS ACTIVIST—BECAUSE IT’S WORTH IT Jane Harrison, critic Summer 2006

Architecture as a discipline is understood variously as autonomous and relational. In a general sense, atten-

tion to environmental concerns forces architects to think systemically, to see their work as part of a continuum of social and ecological relations. This studio worked in the hinterland of the architectural discipline, where its autonomous and relational modes intersect. A focus on health allowed for an intense exploration of limits—the limits of architecture as much as the limits of medicine. The constitution of the World Health Kezhen Cao Organization (WHO) deﬁnes health as a Chih-Chieh Chin state of complete physical, mental and Quinghua Fan social well-being, and not as consisting Miriam Gomez, B solely of the absence of disease, inﬁr- Jin Woo Lim, A mity or mental retardation. Medical re- Hugo Martinez search in the USA receives around $100 Rodrigo Piwonka, C/D billion in funding annually from Govern- Lola Rodriguez ment and Private Foundations. Health Pascale Saint-Louis Care is one of the world’s fastest growing industries, consuming 10% of GDP in most developed countries. What can Architecture do in this Global Health milieu? Will Architectural Intelligence make a difference?

083 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS Michael Bell, director

This year the Core Design Studios at the GSAPP were to form. In each case however, the Core 1 projects re- velopments than in Brooklyn, Manhattann, and the signiﬁcantly revised in part due shifts in faculty but lied on a de-stabilizing condition: that is, the core-ness Bronx. The studio addressed the diminished funding also in response to the evolving nature of the studio of the works was always challenged by a host of con- that the New York City Housing Authorclimate and practice today. Core Studio 1 is the ﬁrst of a three-semester se-

tradictory forces.

ity is facing—and public housing nation-

During the spring of 2007 Yolande Daniels coordi- wide—and sought to project a new form

quence in the Core Studios and historically has served nated Core Studio 2, asking students to design a new of public housing at both the design as the over-all introduction to Columbia’s GSAPP. Be- satellite check-in station at Queensboro Plaza in New level and the policy level. Working with yond offering an initial grounding in practical aspects York City. The station would serve two distinct bus Viren Brahambhatt of NYCHA, the studio of design, it also launches a period of experimentation lines and constituencies: a bus serving Rikers Island sought an alternative design that could in design that has been a crucial aspect of the school’s inmate visitors and bus serving LaGuardia Airport simultaneously keep NYCHA housing history and its leadership as a future-oriented pro- passengers. The project was situated in the Core sites at full density while providing new gram. Galia Solomonoff coordinated Core 1 studios Studios as an intensive program-driven project that income in market housing. Since the end

during the fall of 2006 and authored changes in the asked students to investigate critically both the im- of the studio, NYCHA has in fact begun course content and project time allocations. Three bued meaning of programs, uses, and constituencies to enact such policies. The studio also shorter projects replaced what had been a single se- and also what Daniels called “networks of infrastruc- collaborated in experimental research mester-long project and built on each other to produce tures and actions.” Daniels’s syllabus included this within the school through the Housing a studio of increased complexity and scope, testing description of the studio objectives: “In the design of Lab, the Fabrication Lab, and the Spatial historically held core attributes of architecture against the public building, we begin with the question: what Information Design Lab. new situations and new techniques. The three projects is public culture and who qualifies as the public? What ranged from a short drawing assignment to a longer- unifies a public body today when the unified subject Hyunil Oh, term project for a hybrid building design. In each case has been dismantled and we have all become post-hu- Daniels Studio, Spring 2007 threshold conditions were examined: the relationship man?” The joint program of a Rikers and LGA bus deof form to material, of material and form to time, of pot and its anticipated security protocols highlighted program to space and volume, and indeed of function the commonality of surveillance and criminalization to both programs, especially in the wake of 9/11. Daniels also coordinated period of intense involvement with structural engineers with the ultimate goal of bringing advanced mechanical engineering and energy issues to the Core Studios at an early stage. Core Studio 3—the “Housing Studio”—during the fall of 2006 was coordinated by Michael Bell and taught with key faculty that have been teaching in housing for six years or more. The studio took as its site Queens, New York—the most ethnically diverse county in the United States. Queens has a significant amount of public housing, but it is concentrated in fewer de-

084 HISTORY/ THEORY

ARCHITECTURE OF THE COSMOPOLIS Esra Akcan Fall 2006

The boundaries of the architectural discipline are still balization, Orientalism, colonization, and post-colo- other world cities, are far from being the ground of too rigid to come to terms with the transformations nial studies. In the following weeks, students worked cosmopolitan ethics, in the original sense of the term. taking place in world cities. This semi- in groups to determine problem areas and propose ini- Hybrid is a de facto product of modern times, where nar discussed the contemporary built tial solutions for Johannesburg, Jerusalem, Istanbul, there is no “pure Western” or “pure Eastern” archienvironment in a number of world cit- Dubai, Bombay/Mumbai, and Hong Kong. Of particular tecture, due to the constant translations across counies from a theoretically and historically interest was the necessity to redefine the definition of tries. However, being a hybrid in itself does not pregrounded perspective, rather than im- the architect in the context of urban apartheid, rapid vent the ideological separation between “West” and mediate observation or empirical analy- growth of unofficial settlements, political consequenc- “non-West,” nor is it an antidote to ethnocentrism. sis alone. The first half of the seminar es of global flows on disadvantaged populations, and was reserved for theoretical arguments geographical distribution of power under globalizaand historical case studies concerning tion. All of these cities are shaped by hybrid artifacts cosmopolitan ethics, translation, glo- and multicultural populations, but they, or any of the ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

DESIGN AND CRIME: FORM FOLLOWS FAILURE Laura Kurgan, critic Spring 2007

197 INFORMATION 21 months, 3 plans, and 170 murders and planning, especially after a disaster, take this failafter Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans is ure into account? How can design respond to crime,

a story of failure: failures in prevention, the most prominent public marker of failure? recovery, rebuilding, planning, safety,

At the micro-level, students proposed a series of

and security. Are they accidental mis- projects for the Central City neighborhood. Extensive takes, or is something more systematic research and documentation of the area by ﬁve GSAPP at work? At the macro-level, this studio students (fellows of the Spatial Information Design addressed the following linked ques- Lab) indicates that the area was marked by high levtions: How do disasters act as catalysts els of violence and by the movement of much of its and/or agents of change? How do people population into and out of criminal justice institutions do things with disasters? How and why both before and after Katrina. This studio investigated do things fail? How could architecture the links between disaster, recovery, poverty, infrastructure, education, health, housing, incarceration, and crime. It seemed early on that there was no room for utopian visions—neither ethically nor politically. By the end of the semester though, fresh visions were the only necessity for change. Students pored over an overwhelming archive of information about the built environment before and after Katrina. They proposed a series of networked interventions to bridge design, research, and action.

085 D

Johnna Brazier, B Steven Caputo Jane Estrada Laura Lee, D/E Catie Liken, A John G. Lloyd Annemarie Scheel, C

HISTORY/ THEORY

CRISIS OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF CRISIS Yolande Daniels Spring 2007

As architecture is deployed in response to crises at zenship rights, economic determinants, socio-cultural multiple scales and various sites, it is put into state difference, and struggles for economic power. of crises itself. The seminar sought out the limits of architecture as exposed by the forces of crisis. Students sought to understand both the political and formal dynamics of these sites and their implications for the position and value of architecture, focusing on the forces that produce and maintain four critical structures: marginal, temporary, illegal/informal and violent/(post) trauma. The forces included: natural resources, geography, land rights, zoning, shifting national borders and alliances, international law, citi-

ARCHITECTURE STUDIO CRITICS

Alisa Andrasek Michael Bell Paul Byard Karl Chu Alice Chun Peter Cook Lise-Anne Couture Yolande Daniels Kathryn Dean

086 Hernan Diaz Alonso Michelle Fornabai Leslie Gill Jane Harrison Laurie Hawkinson Steven Holl Jeffrey Inaba Jeffrey Johnson Ed Keller Janette Kim

Jeannie Kim Gordon Kipping Craig Konyk Laura Kurgan Marc Kushner Thomas Leeser Frederic Levrat Giuseppe Lignano Andrew MacNair Tina Manis

Scott Marble Reinhold Martin Jürgen Mayer H. Ana Miljacki Kate Orff Philip Parker Richard Plunz Mark Rakatanksy Hani Rashid François Roche

Karla Rothstein Yehuda Safran Yoshiko Sato Galia Solomonoff Ada Tolla Bernard Tschumi Marc Tsurumaki David Turnbull Kazys Varnelis Enrique Walker Mark Wasiuta Mabel Wilson HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CULTURAL SITE MANAGEMENT Pamela Jerome Fall 2006

Historic and archaeological sites are non-renewable strategies for implementation. The Burra Charter resources. Appropriate site management depends on revolves around the identification of site significance, the identification of cultural significance and the pro- which is then used to define and guide management tection and enhancement of those values. However, policy within ethical, scientific, social, political, and values are not intrinsic; they are assigned by stake- financial contexts. holders and change over time. The values assigned by various stakeholders can also conflict.

In this course, students assessed the abandoned buildings of the south side of Ellis Island. A Statement

The Burra Charter, a document developed by the of Significance was drafted, based on the site’s hisAustralian national committee of ICOMOS (Interna- toric, aesthetic, scientific, social and spiritual values. tional Council on Monuments and Sites), provides The existing management plan and adaptive reuse a methodology for the assessment of cultural sig- proposals were then critically evaluated and recomnificance, development of management policies and mendations given.

087 HISTORY/ THEORY

structure and organization; countercultural critiques

TOPICS IN ARCHITECTURE CULTURE FROM WORLD WAR II THROUGH THE 1960s

and neo-avant-garde strategies; and the inception

Joan Ockman Fall 2006

of postmodernism. On a general methodological and theoretical level, the course addresses issues of periodization and documentation, exploring the question of how “architecture culture” is produced and reproduced at speciﬁc historical moments, and situating the formative architectural developments of the postWorld War II period in relation to the present. Herbert Ohl and Bernard Meurer (Hochschule für

The course investigated the evolution of architectural unfolds not just in Europe and the United States but Gestaltung, Ulm), ﬁlling station system with steel theory and practice from World War II to the end of the also outside what were previously the main centers cellular-ring construction, 1962 1960s, from the period of postwar reconstruction and of Western culture. Among the topics discussed were planning through the events of 1968 when the Ecole the following: postwar debates over monumentality des Beaux-Arts in Paris was shut down by student and humanism; the impact of wartime research and strikes after 250 years. During this quarter-century of technologies; the ideological and cultural dimensions profound sociopolitical and technological change, ar- of the Cold War; the rise of consumerism, suburbia, chitecture culture underwent a process of reorienta- mass culture and mass media; the institutionalization tion, self-questioning, and restructuring. The reinter- and critique of the International Style; new preoccupretation and revision of modern architecture set the pations with mobility and growth; the emergence of stage for a major paradigm shift in the late twentieth non-Western architecture in the context of decolonizacentury. The decade-by-decade trajectory we traced tion and an incipient “global village”; new theories of

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

ADVANCED CURTAIN WALLS Robert Heintges, instructor Spring 2007

This course explored in depth the technical knowledge cepts as well as the specific technical skills necessary necessary to practice the design, detailing, specifica- to undertake the actual detailing and specification of tion, and construction administration of the building the curtain wall. To this end, the students designed enclosure. The course emphasized current and emerg- and detailed a curtain wall of their own design, and ing technologies of the curtain wall. Case studies of prepared outline specifications. historical as well as contemporary examples were used throughout to illustrate the technical content of the course. While discussion of specific technical issues and methodologies focused on those aspects that directly inform architectural design, it was the intent of this course to provide graduating students with a comprehensive understanding of the technical con-

088 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA’S DANCE AND PERFORMING ARTS CENTER Steven Holl + Nick Gelpi, critics Spring 2007

Dance is the most ephemeral of the arts, while architecture is perhaps the most permanent.

The ﬁrst weeks of the studio focused on intense

Sited next to the recently completed school of Art

research into the history of abstract dance and move- and Art History, the new building program has been

Studio projects intertwined materials ment coupled with intense model making experiments prepared by the physical planning department of the and techniques engaging broad concepts in materials. ‘Material’ concepts guided the process University of Iowa and the Director of the School of mutual to architecture and dance, such as analog for provoking novel questions. The process Dance. While the studio focused on experiments in as consequences of light, movement, of construction of buildings as an orchestration, the materials and techniques, the actual program served time, processes, and form. Questions movement as the materials and the mood of the archi- as a pragmatic base. included the limits of dance, the limits of tecture as an ensemble, are some themes that chararchitecture. and the irreducible condi- acterized new potentials for narratives of dance in ar- George Attokaran, A/B tions of each. The very same questions chitecture. How do we know when we begin to dance? John Brockway, D/F of where dance begins informed the dis- What is it? When does architecture dance?

Ingrid Campo-Ruiz

course of where architecture resides.

Chih-Chieh Chin, C/F

Qinghua Fan, C/F Ala Hosseini Alavi, D/F Madhavi Jandhyala Athanasia Leivaditou Alvaro Quintana Barreneche Gricelys Rosario Ting Xing Tao, A/B Kuochao Tseng Yunchao Xu

089 VISUAL STUDIES

SPATIAL DATAFORMING Cory Clarke Fall 2006

The Internet is an emerging informational ecology, A

created through the combination of a massive volume

of data ﬂow and the excipient network of the World Wide Web. This ecology is further fostered through a cybernetic mechanism of iterative usage coupled with freely mutable online content. The Spatial Dataforming workshop, a play on the idea of Terraforming (the transformation or shaping of an entire planet), investigated how the forces and logic building this virtual ecology could be used to inform the shaping of spaces both virtual and architectural. The course examined the protocols of the Internet; the methods of identifying, organizing, structuring, and transferring information in a networked environment; and how the speciﬁcs of these rules of information interaction and exchange have fostered various online social and cultural phenomena. Athanasia Leivaditou, B Iason Pantazis, A

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

ARCHITECTURAL DAYLIGHTING Davidson Norris, instructor Spring 2007

Daylight has played a key role in the perception, aes-

Students worked on case studies,

thetics and function of the built environment from its calculated and plotted solar angles, and inception. The masterful play of light depends on the calculated daylight quantities. At the designer's grasp of both the technical requirements end of the semester, they built physiand spatial opportunities of natural light. This course cal models and put them out in the sun provided instruction in both. Topics covered included: to test and demonstrate their acquired daylight and health, energy and productivity, daylight aesthetic and quantitative daylighting and perception, daylighting metrics, daylight and the skills. cosmic dance, daylight in the atmosphere, architectural shading, daylight and site design, calculating the Geoff Kelly, B A

daylight factor, side daylighting strategies, top day- Jason Pogorzala, C/D Gordon Wong, A

lighting strategies. B

090 DEAN'S STATEMENT Mark Wigley

THE FUTURE OF THE ARCHITECT

redesign the ﬁgure of the architect. Columbia’s leader-

Education is all about trust. The best teachers em- ship role is to act as a laboratory for testing new ideas brace the future by trusting the student, supporting about the possible roles of designers in a global socithe growth of something that cannot be seen yet, an ety. The goal is not a certain kind of architecture but a emergent sensibility that cannot be judged by contem- certain evolution in architectural intelligence. porary standards. A school dedicated to the unique life

Architecture is a set of endlessly absorbing ques-

and impact of the thoughtful architect must foster a tions for our society rather than a set of clearly deway of thinking that draws on everything that is known fined objects with particular effects. Architects are in order to jump into the unknown, trusting the formu- public intellectuals, crafting forms that allow others lations of the next generation that by definition defy to see the world differently and perhaps to live differthe logic of the present. Education becomes a form of ently. The real gift of the best architects is to produce a optimism that gives our field a future by trusting the kind of hesitation in the routines of contemporary life, students to see, think, and do things we cannot.

an opening in which new potentials are offered—new

This kind of optimism is crucial at a school like the patterns, rhythms, moods, sensations, pleasures, GSAPP at Columbia. The students arrive in New York connections, and perceptions. The architect’s buildCity from around 55 different countries armed with an ings are placed in the city like the books of a thoughtendless thirst for experimentation. It is not enough for ful novelist might be placed in a newsstand in a railus to give each of them expertise in the current state- way station, embedding the possibility of a rewarding of-the-art in architecture so that they can decisively detour amongst all the routines, a seemingly minor assert themselves around the world by producing re- detour that might ultimately change the meaning of markable buildings, plans, and policies. We also have everything else. The architect crafts an invitation to to give them the capacity to change the ﬁeld itself, to think and act differently. completely redeﬁne the state-of-the-art. More than

GSAPP likewise cultivates an invitation for all the

simply training architects how to design brilliantly, we disciplines devoted to the built environment to think

091

differently. Its unique mission is to move beyond the electronics and new ideas. Somewhere between the highest level of professional training to open a creative carefully catalogued past and the buzz of the as yet space within which the disciplines can rethink them- unclassifiable future, the discipline evolves while evselves, a space of speculation, experimentation, and eryone else sleeps. Having been continuously radiated analysis that allows the field to detour away from its de- by an overwhelming array of classes and waves of visfault settings in order to find new settings, new forms of iting speakers, symposia, workshops, exhibitions, and professional, scholarly, technical, and ethical practice.

debates, the students artfully rework the expectations

The heart of this open-ended laboratory is the deof their discipline. sign studios. All the overlapping and interacting pro-

The pervasive atmosphere at GSAPP, the magic in

grams at the school—Architecture, Urban Design, His- the air from the espresso bar to the pin-up walls to toric Preservation, Urban Planning, and Real Estate the front steps to the back corner of the big lecture Development—teach design and are united in their hall, is the feeling of being on the cutting edge, stradcommitment to the global evolution of the 21st century dling the moving border between the known and the city. Every semester, the school launches more than unknown in our field. It is hopefully an open question35 explorative studio projects that head off in different ing atmosphere in which students are able to do work directions before reporting back their findings in ju- that teaches their teachers. In the end, a school’s most ries, exhibitions, and publications that stimulate an in- precious gift is its generosity towards the thoughts tense debate and trigger a new round of experiments. that the next generation has yet to have. With a biodiversity of continually evolving research trajectories, the school operates as a multi-disciplinary think tank, an intelligent organism thinking its way through the uncertain future of the discipline and the global society it serves. As in any other architecture school, the real work is done in the middle of the night. Avery Hall, the school’s neo-classical home since 1912—with its starkly defined symmetrical proportions communicating to the world the old belief that the secret of architectural quality is known, universal, and endlessly repeatable—now acts as the late night incubator of a diversity of possible futures. At its base is Avery Library, the most celebrated architectural collection in the world, a remarkable container of everything architects have been thinking about in the past, neatly gathered within the traditional quiet space of a well organized archive. Up above are the dense and chaotic studio spaces bristling with

092

CENTER FOR HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH LAB

Michael Buckley, director

This Research Lab was founded in 2003 within the Master Of t %FOTJUZ PG *OWFTUNFOU NBLFT TFOTF HJWFO TIJGUT JO DBQJUBM TPVSDFT Science in Real Estate Development Program at the GSAPP to t $BQ SBUFT GPS EFOTFS EFWFMPQNFOUT BSF NPSF GBWPSBCMF BOE TUBCMF PWFS UJNF explore the benefits of density. The Center’s Objective is to en- t %FOTJUZ JT UIF DSBEMF PG JOOPWBUJPO OFX JEFBT BOE BSUJTUJD JOWFOUJPO BSF courage high density development through promoting research uniquely sponsored in dense environments and analysis of both benefits and critical success factors for t 8PSLQMBDF EFOTJUZ QSPWJEFT CFUUFS XPSLGPSDF DIPJDFT BOE FGmDJFODZ urban and suburban high density development, to demonstrate that developments of high density are the most economically Recent Research fertile, operationally effective, fiscally responsive, environmen- t $BTF TUVEZ PG TJHOJmDBOU XBUFSGSPOU EFWFMPQNFOU PQQPSUVOJUJFT JO $POFZ tally responsible, and culturally supportive environments.

Island and English Station, New Haven t (SPXUI PG )JTQBOJD QPQVMBUJPO JO 64 BOE UIF QPUFOUJBM GPS OFX IJHI EFOTJUZ

Research Premises t %FOTJUZ QSPWJEFT SJDIFS DJWJD TQBDFT BOE VTF PG PQFO TQBDF

developments aligned with cultural preferences, density correlation with cul-

CENTER FOR HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT

093

INDUSTRY CLUSTERS VALUATION: THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN DENSITY AND VALUE Cluster cities are important as they account for high employment and have higher high value as office cap rates for cluster cities averaged 6.74% for property valuations. The largest segments of the US Economy are concentrated in 2006, whereas non-cluster cities averaged 7.1%. the top five Cluster Cities, which represent an average 22% of total US employment. Selected cluster cities average office valuations are 56% higher than other Greg Spencer, 2007 cities, translating to an increase of $93/sf (CBD) in valuation. High density yields

094 B

BUILT ENVIRONMENT Land Use Patterns Transportation Infrastructure Building Orientation and Design MOBILITY AND TRAVEL DECISIONS Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Road Congestion

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Air Quality Global Climate Noise

Habitat, Ecosystem, and Endangered Species Water Quality

095

CENTER FOR HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT

tural institutions, visualization techniques and effect of metro-

politan industry clusters on capitalized values t *OUFSOBUJPOBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOBM TUVEZ UBSHFUFE PO GBTU HSPXUI China with several students as part of a team thesis exploring organizational and operational models for a new enterprise. For more information, please see the program’s website at www.arch.columbia.edu/realestate. Generous contributions from industry leaders assisted in the CHDD’s formation and on-going research initiatives, including sponsorship from: The Athena Group Gale International Cushman & Wakeﬁeld Henry Kallan

HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT PROMOTES SUSTAINABILITY

It is estimated that the US population will grow by 33% by 2030. It is therefore Robert. Goldrich, J.P. Sletteland, Jr., Sara. Towner, 2007 imperative that new development be high-density and sustainable. C

CULTURAL DENSITY: THE VIRTUOUS CIRCLE

As community density increases, so do cultural drivers. Cultural density in- development produces higher density. creases the frequency and quality of interactions, leading to innovation. Innovation attracts more investment, enabling further development. And inceased Kacey Cordes, Brian Ezra, Genghis Hadi, and Jack McKeown, 2007 D

GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVES STUDY

This study included an analysis of 12 selected countries in Europe, the Middle incentives; and a description of location decision factors and straEast, and Asia, as well as three US cities as base cases; illustrated development tegic industries.

096 1

Proximity to Businesses of the Same Industry

18%

32%

Access to Mass Transit

18%

27%

36%

63%

Access to Skilled Workers

33%

62%

95%

Occupancy Cost Savings

27%

41%

14%

Proximity to Decision Makers' Commuting Patterns

19%

10%

19%

24%

19%

The Beneﬁts of Locating in a High Density Location Outweigh the Occupancy Premium

36%

23%

32%

55%

Your Company's Long Term Growth will be Focused in High Density Areas

23%

32%

41%

73%

Low Density Suburban Environments Play a Minor Role in your Company's Growth Plan

18%

23%

32%

18%

50%

Improved Idea Generation

27%

45%

72%

Information Sharing

32%

50%

82%

Team Work and Collaboration

27%

55%

82%

Product Innovation

41%

36%

77%

Employee Productivity

30%

40%

70%

Reduced Employee Turnover

23%

27%

18%

23%

Increased Career Advancement

36%

Increased Revenues per Square Foot of Occupied Space

23%

36%

23%

59%

Surrounding Retail Amenities Create Less Need for Amenities Including Cafeterias, Gym, etc.

55%

18%

73%

Lower Transportation Costs to Clients

14%

32%

27%

14%

41%

Oﬃce Presence Increases Company's Brand Recognition

14%

45%

23%

68%

Fosters Longer Work Hours

10%

43%

19%

38%

Increased Operation Eﬃciencies

18%

36%

27%

63%

097

CENTER FOR HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT

Shorter Travel Time to Customers

18%

23%

27%

Proximity to Customers

18%

32%

14%

23%

Proximity to Market Trends and News

27%

14%

27%

23%

Ease of Client Access

14%

36%

41%

77%

Improved Employee Communication

18%

36%

72%

Skilled Workforce

41%

50%

91%

Diverse Workforce

14%

36%

32%

68%

Universities/Recruiting

23%

27%

18%

Intellectual Diversity

14%

18%

32%

27%

WORKPLACE DENSITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL Natasha Brown, Thomas Schneider, 2007

ert Martin Company, Starwood Hotels, Bank of America, Ernst

CHDD survey of corporate real estate executives revealed that high density in- & Young, Credit Suisse, CW Capital, Analysis Group, DTZ Rockdustry clusters within cities implove ability to recruit and offer significant advan- wood, LLC, NorthStar Capital Partners, Rockefeller Group, Northtates to the corporate workplace. High density also has financial advantages Marq Capital, Realty Services, Communities Midwest LLC, Price in lower transportation costs and increased operation efficiencies. Finally, the Waterhouse Coopers, Morgan Stanley, Advance Realty Group, high density workplace inproves productivity, innovation, and career growth.

CRCG, Silverstone, Newcastle, Archstone-Smith, Denali Develop-

Survey participants included CREs from KPMG, JP Morgan, NDC Capital, ment Inc., Isabella Cap, and Siemens Building Technologies. Economists Inc., CB Richard Ellis, Twining Properties, International LLC, RobE

GENERAL DRIVERS FOR OCCUPANCY

Access to skilled workers (95%) and access to mass transit (63%) are the largest concerns, where occupancy costs and proximity to decision makers and competitors are secondary. F

FUTURE OFFICE DEMAND IN HIGH DENSITY AREAS

Companies believe that high density offers a better cost/revenue spread and that demand for ofﬁce space in high density areas will increase. G

BENEFITS OF DENSE WORK ENVIRONMENTS

Multiple beneﬁts result from creating dense, symbiotic work environments, including increased productivity, innovation, and team work. H

COST ADVANTAGES OF DENSITY

Density offers significant cost and productivity advantages, and office presence in dense areas improves brand recognition, revenues, and operating efficiencies without longer work hours. I

HIGH DENSITY DECISION DRIVERS

The availability of a skilled workforce is the primary driver (91%) for locating in high density environments. Another important factor is ease of client access (77%).

098 J

099

CENTER FOR HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT K

VISUALIZATION OF DENSITY

The positive perception of density is dependent upon a successful treatment of than 30% open space yet offers high density in residential units the entire visual experience.

per acre.

Visual layering, with a focus on street design and facade articulation, can create comfortable urban densities. Addison Circle Texas contains more Aarij Hashimi, Arie Toporovsky, Hai Chien Wang, Jesse Wark, 2007 K

DEMOGRAPHICS AND LIFESTYLES

Arthur Imperatore, Udi Kore, Clarence Perera, Kellena Wilson, 2007

the new populations. Because of the signiﬁcant purchasing power

This research data conﬁrmed that growth of America’s Hispanic populations of the future generations of Hispanic homebuyers and renters, the will be the most signiﬁcant demographic trend of the next several decades, with projected Hispanic population increase offers an unprecedented profound implications for land-use planning and development to accommodate opportunity to test new high-density solutions. L

PROJECTED US HOUSEHOLD GROWTH: 2005–2020

At 8%, the growth of the White population is slow compared to the 65% growth solutions directed toward this population. projected for Hispanics, illustrating the potential opportunity for high-density

100 BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 1 Maria Gray, Janette Kim, David Smiley + Michael Webb, critics Fall 2006

In the ﬁrst semester of this two-semester sequence, students studied architectural design as a mode of

cultural communication and imaginative experimentation. As the studio sequence evolved, emphasis was increasingly placed on the relationship between material, tectonic, and programmatic organization and the social and cultural contexts of a site of investigation. Architectural Design 1 investigated the term interface at various scales. In the ﬁrst project the students were asked to investigate the interface between the individual and information at a site that is an interface between the Columbia campus and the community. The ﬁnal project considered the construction of broader cultural interfaces by developing a new branch library in Chelsea adjacent to the high line. The program of the branch public library and the planned program of the high line were used to question the nature of public programs and the relationship between leisure and the search for information.

101 E

Lara Burmeister, C Aaron Cantor, B Leticia DeSouza, D Gabriel Fries-Briggs, A Adam McManus, E Alex Severin, G Alyssa Yee, H Rodrigo Zamora, F

102 BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 2 Kadambari Baxi, Karen Fairbanks, Todd Rouhe, + Kim Yao, critics Spring 2007

Architectural Design 2 looked at the more explicit identity are tense with possibility and conﬂict and implications of program and site as co-determinates have a bearing on the daily life of the company. But of architectural form. Manhattan Neighborhood Net- what happens “inside” MNN? MNN was investigated work is an integral part of a global communications through an analysis of their programming and then web, based on technologies whose potential is fertile developed as a programmatic detail where students and malleable. MNN is also based on the use and in- transformed seemingly static, determined architecterpretation of media as a constitutive element of a tural program elements into dynamic and interactive free and public expression of opinion. Finally, MNN devices and interpretative spaces investigating the is now choosing to situate its headquar- relations of the body, its movements, the program, ters in Harlem, a physical and sym- and it’s actions (a spatial/temporal knot). Finally the bolic site of enormous signiﬁcance in project opened up to the site on 125th street where American history. These facets of MNN’s the program of media production, distribution, and

103

public programs were woven into a G

new headquarters building. Aaron Cantor, C Nicholas DeRosa, F Rachel Hensel, G Joseph Rome, B Rina Shaneson, I Stefana Simic, D/E Benjamin Weinryb, A/H

104 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

DESIGNING DESIGN/DESIGNING ASSEMBLY Scott Marble, critic, with David Benjamin Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION A

of developing a comprehensive, well organized, easily accessible, and parametrically adaptable body of information that coordinates the process from design through a building’s lifecycle. This studio took an extreme position on developing systems of design and fabrication that were rigorously linked by digital workflows developed and refined through multiple iterations of each student’s project. The intent of the studio was twofold: first, to develop techniques for merging design and fabrication through digital networks (designing design - an organizational goal), and second, to develop new assembly The shift toward more expansive forms

systems using CNC technology for prototyping one-to-

of digital production within the design

one component parts that structured the logic of larg-

and construction industry affords op-

er constructs (designing assembly - a material goal).

portunities not only to reconﬁgure the

In the context of the studio, one-to-one was not seen

relationships between the key play-

strictly as a scale but rather a way of linking digital

ers, but also to incorporate industrial

models to digital fabrication. As such, students pro-

sectors not typically associated with

duced non-representational constructs that referred

building construction. At the core of

only to themselves.

this shift is the integration of communication through various forms of digital networks—CNC fabrication being just

Suzan Babaa D

Harrison Blair Nathaniel Carter, B/C

one among many—with the ambition E

John Cerone, D Jennifer Chung Milan Dale, A Jill Fehrenbacher Fernando Pando, E Jennifer Preston Danielle Radal Jonathan Rushmore, F Mateusz Tarczynski

105 REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT OF DEVELOPMENT Carl Weisbrod + John Alschuler Spring 2007

The intent of this course was to investigate the political issues surrounding real estate development. Areas of focus included interest groups and coalitions, ﬁscal analysis, and the legal framework of development and the concept of eminent domain, and how these issues are dealt with in the press. More in-depth discussion of these issues unfolded in a series of local case studies, including the High Line, Coney Island, South Street Seaport, Atlantic Yards, Hudson Yards, Moynihan Station, and Manhattanville.

REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Charles Laven Spring 2007

Real estate development is at the nexus of the global risks involved in international transactions and investissues of rapid urbanization, economic development, ments in real estate. The course covered topics includpublic policy, and capital flows. It therefore provides ing current and potential opportunities for investment insights into both policy and financial issues. This and development in international real estate markets; course provided a broad perspective on real estate financial and market analyses; capital flows; cultural, issues, trends, and opportunities in international political, and socio-economic considerations of doing economy. It brought students together from the fields business in international real estate development; and of international affairs, real estate, economic develop- the respective roles of public and private sectors. ment, and public policy to broaden their exposure to the unique aspects of international real estate development. Examples of projects in Asia, Europe, and the Americas were used to demonstrate the processes and URBAN PL ANNING

NEW PATTERNS OF METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT Thomas K. Wright Fall 2006

Does regional planning really exist in America? De- and habitats even in regions with declining popula- growth into more competitive, sustainspite a tradition of planning for metropolitan regions tions, and growth at the metropolitan fringe. for over a century—the Burnham Plan for Chicago,

But in recent years, new paradigms have emerged.

the 1929 Plan for New York and Its Environs, or Ben- States are beginning to tackle the problems of ramton Mackaye’s concept for an Appalachian Trail—the pant suburban development by enacting growth manvery idea of regional planning is suspect in the United agement strategies. Regional planning commissions States. Land use decisions are made locally by splin- are identifying areas for conservation and experitered and fragmented municipalities looking for new menting with transfers of development rights. Mobility tax revenues while shunning trafﬁc congestion, afford- patterns are changing as society adapts to congested able housing, and accommodations for schoolchildren. freeways and aging rail systems. The result has been a generation of suburban sprawl

The challenge confronting planners over the next 50

and urban decay, expansion into critical watersheds years will be reconciling these trends—shaping local

able, and equitable metropolitan regions.

106 DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY STUDIO Michael Buckley, coordinator Spring 2007

092 DENSITY The MSRED program’s prototype studio offered an op- decision-making and team management skills. Each portunity for GSAPP students from Architecture, Plan- team presented the studio results as a loan packning, Urban Design, and Preservation to join MSRED age, requesting project financing with a presentation student teams for a series of intensive case study of zoning analysis, financial feasibility, return on incharrettes. Teams of MSRED students, with a balanced vestment analysis, market support and comparables, set of capabilities from finance to construction, market product design concept, marketing and implementaanalysis, and development concepts, were matched tion schedule, and investment exit strategy. with GSAPP students of other disciplines. Each of five special projects—for real sites and real clients—had short, superaccelerated two- to three-week durations, with the aim of developing rapid A

BROOKLYN IN-FILL, A/B/C/D/E The challenge in Brooklyn was to recognize the limitations of the inﬁll site while commanding a sales/rental premium for new development. Each group was faced with utilizing an extremely tight site condition, negotiating contextual zoning restraints while developing a program that maximized the limitations of the site. Successful solutions deployed bold architectural shapes and a series of plan innovations to create new development units.

107 F

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT, F/G/H/I/J The Mayor of Belmar New Jersey reviewed a variety of

concepts for this transit-oriented suburban town center. Solutions ranged from an interior-focused "Town Green" to a series of directional residential "Waves" and street-focused retail.

ARDMORE, PHILADELPHIA, K/L/M For a suburban site adjacent to a local commuter rail, students created several extra high-density, mixeduse concepts that maximized the latent residential market while adding to the existing specialty retail offerings. Creating a density of residential and retail development also required sophisticated allocation of public open spaces within the designs.

108

SAN JUAN HARBOR HOTEL, N/O/P/Q/R/S For a spectacular but narrow site on

the San Juan, Puerto Rico harbor, a variety of hotel + condo + retail schemes emerged from student design charrettes. Designs ranged from a hi-tech modular approach to a sensuous, curved couplet and Latin village scheme.

109 LOWER MANHATTAN ADAPTIVE RE-USE, T/U/V/W/X

This project approached adaptive re-use as a way to

promote the successful combination of existing building fabric with new construction. This approach was taken in order to develop an increase in asset value that simultaneously contributed to lower Manhattan neighborhood revival. Collision of existing historic structure with new additions had to be handled carefully.

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

DEVELOPMENTAL THREATS ALONG THE UPPER DELAWARE RIVER Tonja Adair, Michael Bello, Jay S. Lim, Dynelle Volesky Long, David Lukmire + Christopher Reynolds Richard Plunz, advisor Spring 2007

In concert with the Upper Delaware Preservation Coali-

During the last decade, the Upper Delaware corri-

tion, a team of six students collaborated to research dor has experienced increasing and problematic presdevelopment pressures on the Delaware River Corridor sures for new development. Unchecked development in light of the New York Regional Interconnect (NYRI) is threatening fragile local ecologies and economies. high-voltage power line proposal slated to run along For the cultural, historical and ecological resources of the entire length of this “wild and scenic river”. Through the Upper Delaware, the NYRI transmission proposal support from the Urban Design Lab of the Earth Insti- would be nothing short of a disaster. tute, the Graduate School of Architecture Planning and

Beyond the scope of the New York region, this re-

Preservation, and the Law Clinic, a 36 page public edu- search bears relevance to communities and threatcation brochure was published and formal commentary ened environmental assets throughout the country as ﬁled in response to the environmental impact assess- the United States grapples with the impact of eminent ment for the proposed transmission project.

infrastructure upgrades. The study analyzed current

110 energy policy at the federal and state levels, explored deregulation and its effect on the market and decision making process for energy production and transmission, and provided thought-provoking alternatives to power line transmission. The research publication also called into question the existing process for determining the need for such projects and envisioned other reciprocal relationships that offer greater potential for each community's continued and future growth.

HISTORY/ THEORY

TWELVE DIALOGICAL AND POETIC STRATEGIES Yehuda Safran Spring 2007

Irony/Empathy and Abstruction The Sublime: Sublime Uselessness, Sublime Melancholy Rhetorics of Temporality, Rhetorics of Material Simultaneity/Multiplicity Gravity and Grace Indirect Voices of Silence Indirect Voices of Exile and Cunning Visible/Invisible The Un-nameable Zimzum/Seven Types of Reduction Sense and Nonsense Broken Vessels/Classical and Christian World Harmony ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

DIAMONDS David Turnbull, critic Summer 2006

This studio focused on WEALTH, explor- buildings. The idea was that the studio might result in ing on ‘practical realism’ embraced the EMOTIONAL ing the strange, compulsive motivations an intense exploration of the VALUE of Architecture. behind development in one of the wealth-

ECONOMY that funds the discipline. In a sense, it, or

Confronting Architects with the possibility that the rather they, made a short catalogue of the fantasies

iest zones in one of the richest areas on work that they do and the profession that they belong that compel Architects to get to work and ﬁnd value in the planet: the Upper East Side, New to may be WORTHLESS is likely to produce frustra- what they do, forever. Consistent with one particular York City. Contextualizing this focus with- tion and resistance. After all, Architecture is always spin on Adam Smith’s Diamond-Water paradox from in a history of architecture and urbanism, valuable; it is EXPENSIVE and in demand world-wide. 1776, Architecture has eternal value—it is FOREVER. the aim was an ‘undercover’ reassess- Moreover, the importance of GOOD DESIGN has been Consistent with a quick spin of the paradox in the ment of Jane Jacobs ‘practical realism’. valorized and naturalized in the developed and the de- counter-clockwise direction, architecture is ESSENThe studio worked from the Economy of veloping world. Cities and the Wealth of Nations via the

TIAL. So, Architecture will survive and Architects get

Inevitably, the studio, a small group of Architects to keep their jobs, even their status… what a relief.

WEALTH of cities to the ECONOMY of brought together for a brief period of time, work-

111 A

Alejandra Barlett, C Eunsuk Choi Alexandre Delaunay Eduardo Frischwasser Alberto Garcia Valladares, A/B Chia-Yu Li, D/E Kai Liang Susan Oh Maria Rivas George Roocos Janine Schneider Orama Siamseranee C

HISTORY/ THEORY

THE DICTIONARY OF RECEIVED IDEAS Enrique Walker Summer 2006

This seminar was the prefatory installment of a investigated the ways in which architecture has, by has currently become a received idea, by decade-long series of design studios and theory attending to the ordinary, dealt with emergent—and focusing on its moments of recurrence. seminars whose aim is to examine received ideas in seemingly irreducible—urban phenomena and in turn contemporary architecture culture. Speciﬁcally, it examined a peculiar practice of architectural theory addressed the notion of the ordinary, and the ways which has thereby emerged over the past decade: one in which it has recently been instrumentalized as entailing the documentation of an existing city—alien, a critical site of enquiry in certain architecture de- and previously ignored or dismissed—which in turn bates. By focusing on a lineage of projects which have leads to the potential disclosure of new concepts, descrutinized so-called existing conditions (from Nigel vices or strategies for architecture. This installment Henderson’s Bethnal Green to Ed Ruscha’s Sunset ultimately attempted to trace the genealogy of such Strip, from Robert Venturi’s and Denise Scott Brown’s architectural practice by focusing on its moments of Las Vegas to Rem Koolhaas’s Lagos), this seminar invention. It subsequently questioned to what extent it

112 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

THE DICTIONARY OF RECEIVED IDEAS Enrique Walker, critic Spring 2007

This studio was the first installment in project, Le dictionnaire des idées reçues. Just as the lata decade-long project whose aim is to ter, it sets out to detect and collect received ideas and examine received ideas in contemporary provide definitions—or, rather, a user’s manual—so architecture culture; that is, formerly as to render them self-evident and thereby undermine novel ideas which, due to recurrent use, their survival. Yet as opposed to the latter, it also seeks have been depleted of their original in- to use that collection—once diverted—towards the fortensity, and which ultimately forestall mulation of new architectural devices. thought as they perpetuate. This ongoing series of design studios and theory sem- Abdulaziz Al Qatami inars proposes to disclose, define, and T. Maria Gavieres date—and in the long run classify and Richard Bednarczyk archive—received ideas prevalent over Benjamin Cohen the past decade, both in the professional

William Craig

and academic realms, in order ultimately

Christos Gkotsis, C/D/E

to open up, through a relentless inven-

Singjoy Liang

tory of exclusions, otherwise precluded

Emily Morentz

possibilities for architectural design and

Lola Rodriguez

architectural theory. To that end, it fo-

Rosana Rubio-Hernandez

cuses on design strategies and concep-

Orama Siamseranee, B

tual formulations, particularly in terms

Robert Wing

of the means of representation and the

Teerawat Wiriyaamornphun, A

lexicon through which they are respectively articulated. This project takes as

precedent Gustave Flaubert’s unﬁnished D

113 VISUAL STUDIES

FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL DESIGN Joshua Uhl + Christopher Whitelaw Fall 2006, Spring 2007

With the burst of the Internet bubble in the late 90s, computing, cyberspace, and the digital revolution were delivered a healthy dose of ﬁscal responsibility. While certain divisions of technology have been forced to readjust to the demands of the economy, the architectural profession has largely been undaunted in its use of computing. Computing in architecture has reached a certain ubiquity that the idea of practicing without it seems incomprehensible. It has changed our method of representation in the form of images, retooled construction techniques, and made communication of complex information instantaneous.

In this state of ubiquitous comput-

ing, the architect is asked not only to grasp these new technologies but to shape them into the built environment. As the edge between the virtual and real become increasingly thin, the architect must not only be proﬁcient in this interactivity, but tool it toward new ideas and potentials that are rife within this expanding territory. While Fundamentals of Digital Design was an introductory course in computing, it built on the student’s advanced ability to question and shape space and time. The course interrogated the computer as a representational and analytical tool. This interrogation was framed in the concepts, techniques, and methodologies of computer aided design. Students studied the operative relationship between two- and three-dimensional data and were asked to explore the reaches of their potential. Jordan Dickinson, A Nambi Gardner, D Sharon Kim, B Andrew McDowell, C Gladysa Vega-Gonzalez, E

114 VISUAL STUDIES

URBAN DIGITAL DESIGN (FUNDAMENTALS FOR PLANNERS) Tim Boyle Spring 2007

This course taught digital methods of creating visual information, and was designed to build those skills

fundamental to understanding and communicating projects from the scale of the building to that of the city. Students observed and discussed techniques of effective visual communication, including methods and details of realizing such work using the computer. Students were encouraged to bring design studio projects to be measured, interpreted, outlined, extruded, sliced, detailed, annotated, and displayed in a pin-up and portfolio. Harvey Leigh, A

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

DIGITAL DETAILING/COMPLEX ASSEMBLAGE Phillip Anzalone, Mark Collins + Toru Hasegawa Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION The continued advance of BIM, scripted processes, and computational design has opened new territories of work for architects. These opportunities reside not only in digital techniques for the fashioning and deployment of material, but also for the description and communication of these material relationships. The class attempted to operate within a series of digital and physical migrations: between different software and

geometric platforms, between design and documentation, and between extensive properties (weight, size, form) and

posals through multiple stages of design, prototyping, C

and simulation. Projects were encouraged to move

intensive performances. Focusing on a

towards a multi-modal operation in both material-

digital work ﬂow that can deliver true

ity and scales of production; pluralism was seen as a

innovation in building systems, the work

framework in which a manifold of software, materials,

of the class was supplemented through

and manufacturing processes could be brought into a

the facilities of the Avery Fabrication

productive nexus.

and Carlton Laboratories to develop proof-of-concept prototypes. The class presented a framework for robust prototyping, using a plurality of software to encourage students’ pro-

Christopher Booth, Kimiko Kubota, B Joshua Draper, Jonathan Rushmore, A/C

115 DIGITAL SHOW Spring 2007

116 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

THE SITUATED HOUSE: A NEW POSTHUMAN DOMESTICITY Mabel Wilson, critic Summer 2006

Abdulaziz Al Qatami

Rowena Rose Castillo William Craig Marcella Del Signore Brandon Komoda Annie Kwon Elena Perez, A/C/D Rosana Rubio-Hernandez, B Natalie Smith Danielle Willems Jose Zequeira

Seeded by the postwar era’s federal ﬁnancing of homeownership, the proliferation of the single-family house has created the United States’s signature landscape of sprawl and culture of suburbia that for most Americans serves as their environment du jour. One of the things mastered by developers such as Levitt, of Levittown fame, was the merging of new techniques of construction with the new consumer culture to

reconﬁgure the space, materiality, and inhabitation of the house. Some sixty years later, the D

paradigm of the single-family house, while still replicated, is no longer seen as viable given the problems of sprawl and environmental degradation, the demise of ideal nuclear family (never ideal to begin with) and new digital technologies that have radically transformed relationships between home/work, public/private, human/machine, and local/global. Borrowing from the Situationists, who conceived of a new psychogeography of the modern city based upon event and appropriation, the studio adopted the tactic of temporal/spatial drift to critically inhabit the geography of the home. New digital technologies—mobile phones, laptops, the internet, iPods, smart homes—have created a new spatial temporal matrix in the domicile. These transformations materialize as the spatialization of time and the temporalization of space, the latter perhaps more relevant to architects. To understand these transformations the studio conducted a temporal analysis of domestic activities through the mediums of digital video and animation. Students then used the data from this analysis to create a medium to house these new domestic situations—a design for posthuman domesticity—the situated house.

117 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

THE UNIVERSAL TEMPORARY DOOR: A LOW-TECH SOLUTION FOR IMMEDIATE NEEDS Karin Chen Laurie Hawkinson + David Benjamin, advisors Fall 2006, Spring 2007

The Universal Temporary Door is a plastic door assem- a tube. Once on site, the shells are easily customizbly for interior or exterior ad-hoc situations. Designed able in length and width by hand-ripping perforations for adaptability and ease, it saves energy and time or cutting with scissors. The assembly can be installed by having fewer components to manufacture, fewer as a door or window in a mostly “open” or mostly types of fabrication processes, less labor for installa- “closed” state depending on the cultural environment tion, and less material for packaging. The design uses and user situation. polypropylene’s excellent resistance to fatigue to cre-

The Universal Temporary Door addresses an en-

ate a built-in hot-stamped hinge that gains strength vironment with changing and uncertain conditions. In and elasticity once ﬂexed.

addition to being a door for temporary sites, it can also

The kit includes two patterned shells; collapsible, be used as a placeholder for forthcoming, missing, or structural honeycomb ﬁller; and extra ﬁller strips. Flat stolen doors, as a spring door, as a partition, or in consheets of polypropylene are rolled and transported in junction with an existing door.

VISUAL STUDIES

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING: CUT FOLD PROJECT TRACE Philip Parker, coordinator Babak Bryan, Alice Chun, Philip Parker, Nicole Robertson + Rhett Russo, critics Fall 2006

Drawing 1 situated the dynamics of architects and media, at varying speeds and degrees of contact with matter, populations, and energy. The course privileged the moments of intensity where the fullness of an architect and object are both put into question by their mutual effect on one another. The drawing course was consequently less concerned with reinforcing the architect’s correct position in relation to objects than with inventing the terms of their engagement from

118 C

within speciﬁc exchanges. It privileged an intense and speciﬁc experience of media over a generalized understanding of the proper. Working between the surface constructions of drawing and building the course attempted to construct responsive—even—tactical

working

spaces

where insight corresponded with an ability to adapt while maintaining a radically consistent view. It made the initial connections between the opera-

Christopher Barley, B

tions of the drawing plane and building where each

Otis Berkin, C

is an informing surface. It built upon the coincidences

Rychiee Espinoza, I

in drawing and building of traces formed at the ener-

Colin Fitzgerald, A

getic meeting of surfaces: the cut as an incision and

William Kemper, F

interruption of ongoing material action, the screen

Kyung Jae Kim, H

as a surface of reception and passage, the map as a

Seth McDowell, E

set of symbolic marks, and the diagram as signifying

Clinton Miller, J

data. It proposed that the architect, matter and public

Lawrence Sarrazin, G

continue in an often tenuous and productive dynamic

Lindsey Sherman, D

where media are sites and techniques of maintaining a

Katie Shima, K

tradition of mutual invention.

119 H

VISUAL STUDIES

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING Michael Webb Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Maxim: A case can be made that a drawing produced Nicholas Kothari, D by a computer—or rather, by ﬁngers that are instruct- Christopher Kroner, C ing a computer to produce a drawing—is part of a joint Ashley Simone, A effort.* That is, the skills of the person, to whom the Andrew Skey, B ﬁngers are attached, are combined with the truly remarkable skills of those original designers of the program being employed. Unfortunately this situation means that the person, who can be you or me, can construct, say, a convincing perspective image while understanding precious little of the underlying projection systems at work.

120 C

Maxim: When one technology seems cooking. It rather made it a special event, celebrated to supplant another, the earlier technol- with beautiful and expensive tools... like the $100 ogy is altered, not eliminated.**

‘global’ knife.

The assignments offered in this course attempted to correct the situation described in the ﬁrst maxim, and to luxuriate in the implied question of the second. *an accidental pun **As an example, think of cooking. The introduction of fast food, eating out, and frozen TV dinners didn’t eliminate home ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

DWELLINGS, DEVIATIONS, MUTATIONS, SPECIES Hernan Diaz Alonso, critic Summer 2006

If traditionally, design was derived from an expertise of form and proportion, topological design is an advanced stance toward that tradition: it cannot escape and is thus an evolution of that tradition. Dynamic topology then becomes a tool that pertains in large degree to the highest control of the manipulations of those formal strategies. If traditional architecture needed to determine the degree to which a particular project had achieved its extent of beauty, these to-

121 C

pologies explore the ugly and the horrific as methods of material shock—the ugly as a reversed mechanism of a more traditional beauty and the horrific as a will to anguish or a more appalling encounter with the work. Rooting this topological design paradigm within the confines of architecture’s aim for proportion and beauty, the ugly and horrific are the necessary variations that allow for an escape toward a spatial model of shocking presence. The studio translated plastic surgery techniques into formal-topological techniques, creating basic taxonomies of a cell that generate new species of formal behavior. Foucault’s history of medicine is simultaneously a history of vision. The species becomes, in the Modern regime of medical surveillance, an animated corpse, an assemblage of organs into which diagnoses are invested and installed. The inside becomes the outside. Or more precisely, the insides become an interior structural condition to be understood in relation to another exterior structural condition—an epidermal membrane. There is nothing but skin, all the way to bone, which is itself another skin. The design task was deceptively straightforward: a single-family residence.

Saad Alayyoubi, E/F Alessandro Cece Christos Gkotsis George A Hokaran Krikor Hovaguimian Kimiko Kubota Mark Morris, A/B Wilhelm Neusser Ifeany’i Oganwu Somnath Ray Matthew Utley Angela Vizcarra Sanbuichi, C/D Shih-Yen Wu

122 URBAN PL ANNING

FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN ECONOMICS Moshe Adler Fall 2006

The notion of city planning pre-supposes government when and how government, via planning and policy, involvement in the provision of infrastructure and should be involved in providing or subsidizing services amenities; in the regulation and subsidization of hous- and in shaping market activity. This course enabled ing; in the promotion of local economic growth; in ef- students of city planning to apply microeconomic conforts to promote health and welfare through land use cepts to practical situations they are likely to face in and environmental regulation; and (in some cases) in the profession. efforts to ensure that political power and economic resources are distributed equitably. Yet most planners practice in societies where resource allocation is governed primarily by markets. We study economics in city planning because it offers powerful (though frequently controversial) tools to guide decisions about

EDITOR’S STATEMENT Scott Marble

This year’s Abstract continues the efforts

With this in mind, we decided to present school in en- Sagmeister, Matthias Ernstberger, and Joe Shouldice

over the last three years to rethink the cyclopedic form, identifying key words from the title of from Sagmeister Inc. once again helped to extend the GSAPP through the organization and pre- each course and event and then organizing them in al- editorial ambitions through the graphic design. A spesentation of the work produced over the phabetical order. It was not surprising to find that there cial thanks to Mark Wigley who continues to support course of a year. What is evident in the work were very few overlaps and that words were appearing the experimentation of Abstract. shown here is that the diversity of issues that one would not expect in a school of architecture, that flow through the school continues to planning, and preservation. Perhaps what is surprising increase, obscuring any particular pattern is the way the actual work produced from this delirium or hierarchy. This leads to an intense and of themes is able to simultaneously present both a chalongoing discussion within the school that lenging and coherent image of how to think about and plays out in the flurry of courses and events construct (in the broadest sense) the material world. that occur every week of every semester.

This is the remarkable output of the GSAPP. Research Labs are becoming increasingly important to the curriculum of the school and have increased in number over the past year. They are highlighted this year and presented in more detail, serving as anchors within the sequence of key words that make up the body of the book. This Abstract is, by far, the most ambitious and could not have been completed without the hard work and commitment of the editorial staff—Evan Allen, Katie Shima, Brian Brush, Mark Bearak, Jong-Seo Kim. The directors of each research lab worked especially hard to prepare their material for publication. Stefan

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

The study of exterior building envelope systems is

ENCLOSURES AND ENVIRONMENTS I

introduced, in this course, by an overview of environ-

Anthony Webster + Mayine Yu, instructors Spring 2007

mental forces, followed by a study of exterior wall construction techniques, within the context of structural behavior. Architectural, technological and fabrication constraints are considered in conjunction with the exterior forces acting upon the enclosure systems. The class builds on a series of exercises, culminating in a three-week ﬁnal project. In the ﬁnal design problem, students design a façade assembly and represent it in detailed construction drawings, before attempting to

123 A

construct a full-scale mock-up. Primary design criteria included control of water inﬁltration, heat loss/heat gain, constructability, formal expression, and the relationship of exterior envelope to building structure.

Brigette Borders, Forrest Jessee, Joseph McGrath, Laurence Sarrazin, A Mia Ihara, Majda Muhic, Elizabeth Shearer, Matthew Staudt, B/C/D Emily Johnson, Steven Garcia, Brett Dorfman, Marlo Brown, E

124 BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

ENCLOSURES AND ENVIRONMENTS II Mahadev Raman, instructor Fall 2006

In this course, students were asked to design and ana- Harrison Blair, Sabine Bochner, Mi Rae Chung, lyze a variety of elements associated with the condi- Benjamin Howell, Fernando Pando, A tioning of inhabited space. Luminares, furniture, and Skye Beach, Megan Pryor, Rachel Stigler, B enclosures were all studied in relation to their visual, Georgia Ewen-Campen, Samuel Grenader, Avik acoustical and thermal impact, as well as the ecological Maitra, Allison Weinstein, C/D consequences of their manufacture and maintenance.

Joshua Draper, Andrea Johnson, Jonathan Rushmore, Joseph Vidich, E Terri Chiao, Jessica Dobkin, Jill Fehrenbacher, Deborah Grossberg, Mateusz Tarczynski, F

125 HISTORY/ THEORY

priations? How can architecture and design avoid the

END GAMES

traps of disenchantment and cynicism and continue to

Felicity Scott Fall 2006

forge ethical and political agendas? Earth People’s Park. Inﬂatable structure for Earth Day 1970.

“End Games,” does not refer to an end, such as the end its programs and role in a transforming society, its of architecture. End games arise during moments that relations to other media and to an expanding militaryrequire a strategic move, moments when the stakes industrial apparatus, and its aesthetic forms and very are high. This seminar investigated a set of architec- materiality. Less an “end” then, than an opening out to tural practices from the late 1960s and early 1970s, engage contemporary forces. as the discipline encountered (and engaged) postwar

The task of the seminar was to revisit those end

technological developments, new territorial organi- games in order to understand their strategies within zations, new economic and political forces, and new their historical context and connect them to contemsocial movements. Architects and critics responded to porary practice. How might architecture continue to this passage from an industrial, modernist paradigm engage politically with technology and to transform to a post-industrial or informational one by re-imagin- the very terms of critical negotiations between form ing the discipline’s sites of production and reception, and program without falling back on formalist approURBAN PL ANNING

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Graham Trelstad Spring 2007

The National Environmental Policy Act and the several participation and agency coordination at several steps state or local regulations requiring environmental in the process. This course explored the key proceimpact assessment—including the New York State dural elements of NEPA, SEQRA, and CEQR; the key Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) and the analytic techniques used in impact assessment; and New York City Environmental Quality Review (CEQR) investigated how application of environmental impact process—require public decision-makers to consider assessment affects project outcome. potential short-term and long-term environmental effects of projects or actions. These regulations and processes set forth speciﬁc procedures or methodologies to follow in the preparation of environmental assessments or environmental impact statements. The regulations also require incorporation of public URBAN PL ANNING

TECHNIQUES OF PROJECT EVALUATION Moshe Adler Spring 2007

In evaluating whether to adopt a project, the follow- the government provide a particular public transporing are some of the factors the planner must consider: tation services if the fares would not cover the cost of (1) Projects often yield benefits and require costs over constructing and operating the service? (4) A project long periods of time. Paving of a road, for example, may be designed to achieve a particular result. For inmust occur at the beginning of the life of that road, stance, the purpose of including a work requirement whereas the benefits from the road will occur for many in welfare programs is often to enhance the earnings years after the paving was completed. Do the benefits of welfare recipients after they leave these programs. exceed the cost? (2) The benefits from a project may be Does the requirement produce the desired result? uncertain. For example, should the government invest in a firehouse in a particular location? (3) User fees for a particular project may not be sufficient to cover the cost of providing the service. For example, should

126 EVENTS Benjamin Prosky, director

The school offers a wide range of events in the form of to speak on issues of architecture, planning, develop- specialized events sponsored by the school’s various evening lectures, lunchtime lectures, debates, confer- ment, and urbanism. Often, live feeds broadcast the programs. It is a testament to the energetic culture of ences, symposia, colloquia and informal discussions lectures to many of the rooms throughout the building the school that, despite the fact that (out of necessity) that reﬂect the diversity and interests of its programs. and informal receptions follow so that the audience the events are held on evenings, weekends, and during Intended to further enrich the GSAPP experience, can continue their discussions on the issues present- lunch, they are typically ﬁlled to capacity, often even exschool events are generally open to the public—invited. Monday nights typically feature public debates on ceeding the space that they are intended for and spilling ing all who attend to engage in the ideas explored and major questions facing the disciplines or discussions into hallways and vestibules of the school. The result contribute to discussions.

of recent exhibitions, books, and ﬁlms. In addition, the of this overwhelming array of events requires students,

There are more than 250 guest speakers at the Architecture, Urban Design, Planning, Preservation, professors and visitors to invent an itinerary, constructschool in a typical semester. The Wednesday eve- and Real Estate Development programs maintain their ing and reﬁning their own curriculum. ning lecture series brings internationally prominent own lecture series that are open to the entire school practitioners, historians, and theorists to the school community. The school and its programs sponsor special symposia and large-scale conferences—often in collaboration with other universities, museums and cultural institutions—drawing prominent guests, faculty, and students together to discuss issues of timely and historical importance. There are also impromptu lunchtime lectures scheduled throughout the semester featuring the recent work of important visitors to New York City or young practitioners and scholars. In the 2006-2007 academic year the main GSAPP events program alone featured roughly 30 lectures, 15 debates, book launches and screenings and 12 conferences, colloquia and symposia in addition to many other FALL 2006 EVENTS

CONFERENCES Nature Now Conference Kenneth Frampton, Rolf Diamant, Ethan Carr, Glenn Allen, Daniel Botkin, A Kate Orff, B

DEBATES Tracing Peter Eisenman, Debate and Book Launch Peter Eisenman, Mark Wigley, C Anthony Vidler, Mark Wigley, Peter Eisenman, D

127 Capturing Architecture: Creating, Collecting and CuE

rating Images of the Built Environment Gerald Beasley, Louise Désy, Reinhold Martin, Richard Pare, Claudia Funke, E

LECTURES

Svetlana Boym, F Peter Cook, G Sean Grifﬁths, H Michael Fried, I Ole Sheeran, J Mark Wigley, Ole Sheeran, K Rem Koolhaas, L Ole Sheeran, Rem Koolhaas, M Desert America Michael Kubo, Sanford Kwinter, Kazys Varnelis, Kate Orff, Michael Bell, N

128 O

François Roche, O Kazuyo Sejima, P Robert Beauregard, Elmar Ledergerber, Joel Towers, Jorge Otero-Pailos, Q Non Linear Daniel Bosia, Craig Schwitter, Caterina Tiazzoldi, Christopher Whitelaw, R

125TH ANNIVERSARY

129 GENERATIVE COMPONENTS WORKSHOP

SPRING 2007 EVENTS

NAAB EXHIBITION

130 A

SYMPOSIA/CONFERENCES

Historic Preservation Colloquium What should we do now? Historic Preservation and Climate Change Martica Sawin, A George Wheeler, B Sylvia Smith, C Kimberly Miller, D Paul Byard, E Reinhold Martin, F Dr. Klaus Jacob, G Part Animal Conference Catherine Ingraham,

Benjamin Bratton, Elizabeth Grosz, Sanford Kwinter, H FOR(u)M Conference Casey Haskins, Pier Vittorio Aureli, Reinhold Martin, John Rajchman, I

Real Estate Development Conference I

Michael Buckley, Emie Hui Wang, James O’Keefe, J Creative Within Constraints Alisa Andrasek, Robert Aish, Chris Williams, Axel Killian, K

131 DEBATES Dan Graham’s New Jersey Mark Wigley, Dan Graham, Momoyo Kaijima, L

LECTURES

Yve-Alain Bois, M Paola Antonelli, N Stefano Boeri, O Concrete Reborn Momoyo Kaijima, P Jose Oubrerie, Q Benjamin Aranda, Chris Lasch, R Jacques Lukasik, Guy Nordenson, Antoine Picon, Franz-Josef Ulm, Nicolai Ouroussoff, Billie Tsien, Tod Williams, Jean-Louis Cohen, G. Martin Moeller, Jr., S Bjarke Ingels, T

Philip Ursprung, U J. Meejin Yoon, V Alejandro Zaera-Polo, W

Urban Planning Lecture T

Shaun Donovan, X

132 YEAR-END EXHIBITION Spring 2007

The exhibition featured student work from the design studios and seminars. May 12–May 25, 2007 Avery and Buell Halls

133

134

135 EXHIBITIONS: ARCHITECTURE GALLERIES Mark Wasiuta, director Mateusz Tarczynski, assistant

This year four major exhibitions were produced by the GSAPP. ColorShift, by Terraswarm, inaugurated a series of exhibitions addressing contemporary architectural experiments with media. The three exhibitions in the Arthur Ross Gallery, Anthony McCall: Four Projected Movements, Mark Lewis: Tilt, Pan, Dolly, Zoom and Dan Graham's New Jersey examined art and architecture interactions. The Dan Graham exhibition continued The Living Archive, a project that opens pivotal archives for reassessment.

DAN GRAHAM'S NEW JERSEY

of impromptu commentary on real and fake arcadias, for suburban alterations, were displayed

Digging through Dan Graham's archive of photos— domestic display, music, hippies, and Graham's previ- in the center of the gallery as reference shot in New Jersey for his 1966 Homes For Ameri- ous encounters with New Jersey, all delivered at 60 for the new work that circled the gallery ca—a proposal was hatched to return to New Jersey, miles per hour. where Dan would produce a new sequence of photos

walls, organized geographically and ac-

The impetus for the exhibition was to trace Dan's cording to the itinerary of the summer

to supplement an exhibition of his archive. However, recurring engagement with New Jersey suburbs and road trips. Annotating the new photoin the end, the project was not so much an exhibition to question the attraction of this geography for his con- graphs was a collection of texts by Dan as a collection of documents from a roving seminar. temporaries, Robert Smithson, Gordon Matta-Clark Graham—written in the mode of pseudo During the summer of 2006 Dan Graham led a group and others. Graham ﬁrst toured New Jersey's subur- sociological commentary—offering biofrom Columbia GSAPP on four excursions. The results ban tract developments in the mid sixties, beginning graphical observations and insights into were the dozens of new photographs, but also hours the photo series that would be appear in Homes For repetition, feedback, and returns, of America. The images were originally shown as slide which these recent trips and this exhibiprojections at the home of the artist Robert Smith- tion were examples. son, then again shortly after in the 1966 exhibition, Projected Art at Finch College. The early photographs attempted to register the iridescence of plastics, and the toxic hues of the tract houses while contending formally with seriality, mirroring and the ﬂattening of ornamentation, devices that appear in Graham's work of the period, and that are located by him within the emerging suburban enclaves. For the exhibition, projects from this history, including two models of Graham's speculative proposals

136 TERRASWARM: COLOR SHIFT

tectural preoccupation with advertising surfaces and determined, were a different register of media asso-

Color Shift was developed at the GSAPP in collabora- media strategies, while documenting the urban area ciations from the Lumiere Brothers ﬁlm of workers tion with FreshDirect, owners of the largest video bill- of the Queens distribution center and the late shift of leaving a factory, to the moody ambience and intense board in the United States. For this project Terraswarm its 24-hour work space. designed and fed the FreshDirect billboard a sequence

While interrupting the conventions of imagery and

contrast of ﬁlm noir shots, made here panchromatic. Project and design by Ben Aranda and Chris Lasch

of color ﬁelds that interrupted the billboard's regular duration that normally govern the billboard, and other of Terraswarm. Video production by Scott Kuzio and advertising for periods of two hours, over evenings advertising space, the project compensated with a Carole McKlintock. Photographs by Stefan Hagan. in March and February of this year. Visible from the strict formulation of its own rules. These rules deterLong Island Expressway, from the 59th Street Bridge, mined the algorithm producing the shifts, the location and from its immediate area, Color Shift generated a and shot sequences of the cameras, and the coordinaseries of urban monochromes, channeled an archi- tion of this documentation within the exhibition. Less

MARK LEWIS: TILT, ZOOM, DOLLY, PAN

hind the form of the shots, which the ﬁlms foreground.

Tilt, Zoom, Dolly, Pan by artist Mark Thus architecture always seems to be moving, not only Lewis exhibited four recent films that as product of the pans, dollies and zooms but as an efshare a concise deployment of shot fect of this oscillation that alternately delivers the consyntax. The relentless fixation on shot tent of the shots as objects or spaces to be scrutinized, technique in this work delivers intensely then as nothing other than the geometrical armature focused depictions of urban scenes, against which the camera indifferently exercises its and monuments of architectural mod- rotations, delays, and inversions. ernism whose inherent strangeness is awakened by these films, even while the buildings, cities and parks, retreat be-

ANTHONY MCCALL: FOUR PROJECTED MOVEMENTS The exhibition restaged Anthony McCall's 1975 solid light film, Four Projected Movements. The film uses hand drawn animation of a deceptively simple geometry to produce a complex sequence of moving light volumes. A projector is fed a 15-minute reel of film depicting a vertical bar shifting to horizontal. It is then fed reversed, then again inverted, then once again inverted and reversed. This project and other of McCall's solid light films exhibit an enviable architectural economy. With almost absurdly simple means the blackened space of the gallery is interrupted and dissected by the disorienting, or reorienting, light projection, that registers the reel movement as a series of immaterial, yet palpable, spatial permutations. The sound of the 16 mm projector in the rear corner of the gallery adds to the perception

137 that viewers encountering the film have entered the the negotiation with fire marshals and other of the space of projection, through physical interaction with building's regulatory bodies the project engages the the light plane, and through the impression that the space of the gallery, as well as a full range of devices, projection chamber, normally positioned at the rear of controls and procedures of architectural production. a cinema, has here been opened onto the gallery. The impression of this opening underscores the project's manipulation of the architectural protocols of the gallery itself. While usually the gallery is filled with objects, lights and texts, in this case it had to be entirely evacuated and sealed. In the preparation and installation of this evacuation, through the coordination of the atmospheric conditions of the room and through

GSAPP TIMELINE As part of the 125th celebration, GSAPP has started to assemble a comprehensive collection of images of life at the School through all of its years. These images of students, teachers, spaces, projects, events, and documents will form a detailed timeline that will be gradually ﬁlled in over the next 3 or 4 years and form an interactive living picture of this remarkable place. www.arch.columbia.edu/timeline/

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

FABRICATING/ASSEMBLING SENSATION Philip Mana + Robert Brackett Hernan Diaz-Alonso, advisor Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION For the form and affect of architecture to change, layers of translation between digital and so must the methods of construction and tectonics. physical it becomes possible to work Through the use of CNC machining, 3D rapid proto- within tolerances while maintaining the typing, and component casting, this research sought possibility of mutation. From the meto explore non-standard methods of assembly. As the chanical to the biological, this research methods of fabrication become more precise, so must sought to assemble sensation. the management of digital data between programs. Tolerances shrink and the margin for error drops as more advanced fabrication technology leaks into architecture. This added exactness may ﬂatten the unpredictable and diminish the exciting coincidences that bring character to architecture. By using multiple

138 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

FABRICATING ARCHITECTURE: NEW MATERIALS AND FABRICATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE BROOKLYN WATERFRONT Laurie Hawkinson + Aaron Hockett, critics Fall 2006

139 FABRICATION rication and are ideally suited to pre-fabrication search and explore emerging fabrication techniques techniques. The ferry terminal, required to “ﬂoat” on together with new materials and apply them to new the river, will be attached to a pre-fabricated barge; architectural form. both building and barge delivered to the site by water transport and hooked up to infrastructure at the wa- Christopher Booth terfront edge. This design studio addressed the po- Eduardo Frischwasser tential of rapid prototyping techniques to developing, Jason Ivaliotis both economically and environmentally, viable full- Yooju No scale architecture. The studio exclusively utilized the Jason Pogorzala CNC milling and 3D printing equipment at the GSAPP Cara Solomon, A/E A

to inform both the architectural form and the fabri- Matthew Stofen cation processes. The focus of this studio was to re- Alan Tansey, B

The Brooklyn Waterfront is undergoing signiﬁcant transformation. Previous industrial waterfronts that

are now vacant and underutilized are being reprogrammed and activated to provide cultural and recreational amenities for established and newly developed adjacent residential communities. This transformation is being leveraged through zoning incentives (increased allowable density) that are coupled with open space requirements and waterfront urban design parameters. This studio proposed

inserting

prefabricated

Ferry Terminal into this waterfront development. The terminal provides a new transport node necessary for accommodating the increased neighborhood density. The terminal also serves as a mobile and adaptable model for networking the various waterfront initiatives currently planned or underway throughout the New York metropolitan region. This ferry terminal program and building type will require off-site fab-

Erik Waterman, C/D Li Xu, C/D Yunchao Xu, A/E Alexandra Young, B

139

AVERY DIGITAL FABRICATION LAB Research Lab

Scott Marble, Director

Phillip Anzalone, Technical Director

The shift toward more expansive forms of digital production within the de- zational goal), and second, to develop new building systems sign and construction industry affords opportunities of not only reconﬁgur- using CNC technology for prototyping full-scale component ing the relationships between the key players, but also incorporating indus- parts that structure the logic of larger assemblies (a material try sectors not typically associated with building construction. At the core of goal). What distinguishes CNC technologies for architecture this shift is the integration of communication through various forms of digital is the opportunity it affords to reposition design strategically networks, CNC fabrication being just one among many, with the ambition of within fabrication and construction processes such that what developing a comprehensive, well organized, easily accessible, and para- architects actually produce—drawings—shifts from loose repmetrically adaptable body of information that coordinates the process from resentations of buildings to highly precise sets of instructions design through a building’s lifecycle. This is the broader context for the goals that are coordinated and integrated into a full description of of the Avery Digital Fabrication Lab.

a building. At a more modest level within this comprehensive

The intent of the new fabrication lab is twofold: ﬁrst, to develop techniques organizational picture, CNC has also inﬂuenced design methfor merging design and fabrication through digital networks (an organi- odologies as architects begin to respond more directly to the

140 A

conditions of digital production as a means for both pragmatic Independent Research Projects—in depth research projects that are usually concerns like cost and efﬁciency and more conceptual poten- continuations of projects initiated in one of the fabrication studios tials like variability and customization. These are the topics of Full Scale Commissioned Projects—each year, the lab does a full scale research and experimentation for the lab.

building project, often on campus, that serve as pilot projects for the ongoing

Since its inception, the lab has sponsored ongoing research research of the lab for innovative fabrication techniques and building components through the following venues: Workshops—theme based workshops that introduce students to the techniques developed in the lab Fabrication Design Studios—research based studios that focus speciﬁcally on developing new design and fabrication techniques using the lab for full scale prototypes A

WORKSHOPS, SEMINARS & INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

The visual studies sequence at the school offers several workshops students who are interested in continuing ongoing work started in a workshop that introduce students to themes and topics around digital design or studio. Workshops & seminars taught in the last year include: and fabrication. Students become familiar with the operation of the lab equipment while learning processes that link design and Digital Detailing: Phillip Anzalone, Mark Collins, Toru Hasagawa fabrication through digital technology. Seminars are offered as 1.01 ft3: Keith Kaseman technology electives and deal with more advanced topics. The Testing Design: Phillip Anzalone lab also sponsors independent research projects for third year

AVERY DIGITAL FABRICATION LAB A

141

142 B

143

AVERY DIGITAL FABRICATION LAB D

FABRICATION STUDIOS Each semester, the fabrication lab supports select design studios in researching one or more of the visual studies workshops whose theme overlaps and testing new digital design and fabrication techniques. The students and with the focus of the studio. Over the past year, fabrication studios critics from these studios work collectively to develop and expand the research were taught by Scott Marble, Laurie Hawkinson, Reinhold Martin, goals and discourse of the lab and share lectures and talks from industry ex- and Hernan Diaz Alonzo. perts, ﬁeld trips and group reviews. The work of the studios is often supported by B

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5

Laurie Hawkinson, critic Fall 2006 C

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 4

Scott Marble Spring 2007 D

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 3

Scott Marble Fall 2006 E

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 6

Reinhold Martin, critic Spring 2007

144 F

TRUSSET 125TH GSAPP ANNIVERSARY INSTALLATION

The Trusset System is an ongoing research project conducted by team automatically generated the g-code for CNC fabrication. These files were faculty and students of the Graduate School of Architecture, Plan- directly input into the CNC machinery and the parts (struts, nodes and panels) ning and Preservation. The Trusset , a patented structural system were fabricated and cataloged for assembly. Assembly was done with minimal developed by Phillip Anzalone and Cory Clarke, was the basis use of traditional plans, engaging computational techniques from the earliest of a full scale installation that served as the centerpiece for the programming and design concepts through final installation. school’s 125th Anniversary Celebration in the rotunda of Low Li- CREDITS: brary. Recent graduates Toru Hasegawa and Mark Collins devel- Lead Researcher: Phillip Anzalone, GSAPP oped the specific detailing and software components for the proj- Assistant Researchers: Mark Collins and Toru Hasegawa, proxyarch ect and lead a group of students in defining the surface treatment Student Design and Assembly Team: Zachary Aders, Mark Bearak, Christopher of the structure. Material research, digital design, programming, Booth, Joshus Draper, Sean Erickson, Sabri Farouki, Eduardo Frischwasser, fabrication, and assembly was produced entirely by GSAPP stu- Dora Kelle, Hugo Martinez, Hanuy Park, Megan Pryor, Matthew Stofen, Joseph dent and faculty, with material donations from industry partners.

Vidich, Yunchao Xu

The installation was developed as a doubly-curved, paramet- Student Assembly Team: Brigette Borders, Samule Brissette, Brigette Cook, Kimric model such that the global geometry of the shape could be iko Kubota, Eduardo McIntosh, William Roediger-Robinette, Alan Tansey manipulated in response to the local conﬁgurations and detailing Trusset System Co-Inventor: Cory Clarke would cascade through the system. Once the geometry satisﬁed Corporate Donors: Alpolic USA, Panelite, Inc. and Stainless Metals, Inc. the design parameters, the software developed by the research

AVERY DIGITAL FABRICATION LAB F

145

146 G

EXPANDED ALLIANCES

This was the first of the full-scale projects undertaken by the Fabri- ally design the organization of a project - to creatively and strategically assemble cation Lab and was the pilot project for what is planned as a series new alliances among owners, clients, builders, fabricators, consultants, etc. that of ongoing full scale projects on Columbia’s campus. The prem- lay the groundwork for new ways to practice architecture. ise of this project was to form alliances between the university CREDITS: facilities, their clients (departments within the university) and the Client: Department of Design and Construction, Columbia University GSAPP that would achieve significant benefits for each and be a Department of Archeology and Art History, Barry Bergdoll, Chair win - win arrangement in addition to being a workable model for Architects: Marble Fairbanks universities around the country. This research and test project set Design Team: Scott Marble, Karen Fairbanks, Jake Nishimura, Eric Tinlup Ng, out to develop a sustainable model to use university funded capital Katie Shima projects as a full scale testing laboratory to conduct research into Lighting Designer: Rick Shaver Architectural Lighting the following themes:

Structural Engineer: Norfast Consulting Group

t "QQMJFE /FX .BUFSJBMT BOE 'VMM 4DBMF %JHJUBM 'BCSJDBUJPO

Mechanical Engineer: Charles G. Michel Engineering PC

Techniques

Sponsor: Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation,

t #VJMEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO .PEFMJOH BOE $POTUSVDUJPO

Columbia University/Avery Digital Fabrication Lab

t %FTJHOJOH UIF 0SHBOJ[BUJPO PG B 1SPKFDU &YQBOEFE "MMJBODFT

Cory Clarke, Phil Anzalone, co-directors; David Benjamin, project manager;

The practice of architecture has always been about managing in- Ian Weiss, Darren Zhou, Jamison Guest, Katie Mearns, Taka Sarui, Soo-in Yang, formation. Architects produce documents that coordinate the efforts Amy Yang of multiple constituents with the goal of designing buildings. With Assembly Team: Mark Taylor, Paul Miller, Taka Sarui, Alexandra Distler, Chythe availability of ubiquitous communication technologies, the rap- anne Husar, Sabri Farouki, Chris Kanipe, Jamison Guest, Armando Ortiz id transformation of the building industry through these technolo- General Contractor: Ideal Interiors gies and a new entrepreneurial spirit among a younger generation, Offsite Fabricators: Bjork Carle Woodworking, Stainless Metals Inc., Kangoo architects are now in a position to leverage their expertise to actu- Products, Dlubak Glass

147 FACULTY

Mitchell D. Adelstein

Thomas Boytinck

Kathryn Dean

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Assistant Professor of Architecture

Moshe Adler

Lynne Breslin

Michael Devonshire

Adjunct Associate Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Historic Pres-

Esra Akcan

Daniel Brodkin

ervation

Lecturer in Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Douglas Diaz

John Alschuler

Hillary Brown

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Hernan Diaz Alonso

Alisa Andrasek

Babak Bryan

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Andrew Dolkart

Chris Andreacola

Michael Buckley

James Marston Fitch Associate Professor of

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Director of the Real Estate Development Program,

Historic Preservation

Phillip Anzalone

Adjunct Professor of Real Estate Development

Ana Maria Duran

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Paul Byard

Visiting Assistant Professor of Architecture

Leo Argiris

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Scott Dyer

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Scott Caesar

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

Erieta Attali

Adjunct Assistant Professor or Architecture

Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Charlie Cannon

Michael Fishman

Pier Aureli

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Visiting Assistant Professor of Architecture

Noah Chasin

Gary Fogg

Jamy Bacchus

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Karl Chu

Development

Mojdeh Baratloo

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Michelle Fornabai

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Alice Chun

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Omer Barr

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Kenneth Frampton

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Carol Clark

Ware Professor of Architecture

Robert Beauregard

Adjunct Associate Professor of Historic Preservation

Lance Freeman

Director of Ph.D program in Urban Planning;

Mike Clark

Associate Professor of Urban Planning

Visiting Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Nansi Friedman

Michael Bell

Cory Clarke

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

Associate Professor of Architecture; Director of Core Studies

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Development

David Benjamin

Michael Conard

Richard Froehlich

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Paul Bentel

Robert Condon

Frank J. Gallinelli

Adjunct Associate Professor of Historic Preservation

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

Joan Berkowitz

Peter Cook

Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Visiting Professor of Architecture

Mark Gibson

Mark Bhasin

Jason Corburn

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Assistant Professor of Urban Planning and International and

Development

Nicholas Bienstock

Public Affairs

Leslie Gill

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Mark Cousins

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Françoise Bollack

Visiting Professor of Architecture

Michael Gilliard

Adjunct Associate Professor of Historic Preservation

Lise Anne Couture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

Liubomir Borissov

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Yolande Daniels

Martin Gold

Tim Boyle

Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Thomas de Monchaux

Henry Grosman

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Sumila Gulyani Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Jane Harrison Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Laurie Hawkinson Professor of Architecture; Director of Advanced Studios

Saul Hayutin Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Robert Heintges Adjunct Professor of Architecture

148

Arthur J. Hibbs

Jeffrey Johnson

Andrew MacNair

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Steven Holl

Ira Mia Jones

Kristina Manis

Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Jeffrey Inaba

Andrea Kahn

Scott Marble

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Mary Jablonski

Josh Kahr

Peter Marcotullio

Adjunct Assistant Professor of

Adjunct Associate Professor of Urban Planning

Historic Preservation

Real Estate Development

Peter Marcuse

Pamela Jerome

Dana Karwas

Professor Emeritus of Urban Planning

Adjunct Associate Professor of

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Sandro Marpillero

Historic Preservation

Keith Kaseman

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Victoria Marshall

Edward Keller

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Jonathan Martin

Harry Kendall

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Reinhold Martin

Janette Kim

Associate Professor of Architecture,

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Director of the Advanced Architectural Design Program,

Jeannie Kim

Director of the Ph.D Program in Architecture

Director of Print Publications,

Douglas Mass

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Gordon Kipping

Elias Matar

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Bradford Klatt

Lois Mate

Adjunct Associate Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Karel Klein

Jürgen Mayer H.

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Visiting Assistant Professor of Architecture

Craig Konyk

Brian McGrath

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Kyle Krall

Lionel McIntyre

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Professor of Urban Planning,

Kunio Kudo

Director of the Urban Technical Assistance Project

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Mary McLeod

Laura Kurgan

Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Ana Miljacki

Marc Kushner

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Petia Morozov

Floyd Lapp

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Professor of Urban Planning

Bruce Mosler

Charles Laven

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Professor of Real Estate Development

Bruce Murray

Vincent Lee

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Davidson Norris

Thomas Leeser

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Mary Northridge

Frederic Levrat

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Joan Ockman

Nora Libertun

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture,

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Director of the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of

Kevin Lichten

American Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Nat Oppenheimer

Giuseppe Lignano

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Kate Orff

James Lima

Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Jorge Otero Pailos

John T. Livingston

Assistant Professor of Historic Preservation

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Kurt Padavano

Robert Luntz

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

149

Robert M. Paley

Eric Schuldenfrei

Kazys Varnelis

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Director of the Network Architecture Research Lab,

Philip Parker

Elliott Sclar

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Director or Urban Planning Program,

Daniel Vos

Richard Pieper

Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Historic Preservation

Paul Segal

Enrique Walker

Phil Pitruzello

Adjunct Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Grahame Shane

David Wallance

Richard Plunz

Adjunct Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Professor of Architecture,

Ethel Sheffer

Mark Wasiuta

Director of the Urban Design Program

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture,

Gregg Popkin

Daniel Sherer

Director of Exhibitions

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Michael Webb

Theodore Prudon

Charles Shorter

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Historic Preservation

Adjunct Associate Professor of Real Estate Development

Anthony Webster

Robert Quaco

Joel Silverman

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture, Director of

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Building Technologies, Director of Materials Research Lab

Nicholas Quennell

James Sinks

Marc Weidner

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Mark Rakatansky

Michael Skrebutenas

Carl Weisbrod

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Adjunct Associate Professor of Real Estate

Mahadev Raman

Danielle Smoller

Development

Adjunct Professor of Architecture

Assistant Dean,

Norman Weiss

Raquel Ramati

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Research Scholar

Adjunct Professor of Real Estate Development

Galia Solomonoff

George Wheeler

Hani Rashid

Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Associate Professor of Historic

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Smita Srinivas

Preservation, Director of Conservation

Mathanraj Ratinam

Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

David White

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

John Stubbs

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Kurt Reichenberger

Adjunct Associate Professor of Historic Preservation

Christopher Whitelaw

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

William Suk

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

David Reinfurt

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Sarah Williams

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Stacey Sutton

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture,

Alex Richter

Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Director of Geospatial Analysis and

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

John Szot

Remote Sensing

Arun Rimal

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Mabel Wilson

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Caterina Tiazzoldi

Assistant Professor of Architecture

Nicole Robertson

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Gwendolyn Wright

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Ada Tolla

Professor of Architecture

François Roche

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Thomas Wright

Visiting Assistant Professor of Architecture

Abba Tor

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Karla Rothstein

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Michael Wyetzner

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Olivier Touraine

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Rhett Russo

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Soo-in Yang

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Graham Trelstad

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Yehuda Safran

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

Mayine Yu

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Brian Tress

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

David Sampson

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Scott D. Zwilling

Adjunct Professor of Historic Preservation

Bernard Tschumi

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate

José Sánchez

Professor of Architecture

Development

Lecturer in Architecture

John Tsui

Yoshiko Sato

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

Marc Tsurumaki

Andrew Scherer

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Urban Planning

David Turnbull

Christopher Schlank

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Real Estate Development

Joshua Uhl

Gretchen Schneider

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture

Assistant Professor of Architecture

150 VISUAL STUDIES

FAST TIMES/FAKE PLACES John Szot Spring 2007

Environmental simulation has been a marketable trade for some time now. The popularity and practical utility of virtual spaces has grown in direct proportion with the fidelity of consumer technology. Today’s desktops and entertainment consoles can maintain perfect fluidity while handling sophisticated algorithms that add uncanny nuance to a user’s first-person experience. Unfortunately, supplanting physical reality is still not an option as the fidelity of the technology is still not quite there. As such, the architect remains obligated to deal with the familiar set of terms and obstacles before

realizing a vision. However, the current state of the art is not without unique characteristics of its own making within the profession and/or a new deﬁnition for the it a candidate for a new form of expression. In addition, practice of architecture at large. it is possible to envision alternatives to the architectural paradigm given its close resemblance to the physical Brandon Komoda, B domain without the restrictions of physical law.

Li Xu, A

This workshop focused on the use of the Unreal game engine to simulate physical environments and architectural proposals in an interactive format. Students worked hands-on with the software in conjunction with 3DStudio Max or Maya to develop personal theses on the applicability of this technology INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

THE ARCHITECTURE OF FEAR George Agnew Jeannie Kim, advisor Spring 2007

The post 9/11 condition in America has

What are the current architectural implications of a For more information and a continued feed of writing

added a frightening realism, even if only fearful society combined with instantaneous commu- please visit the blog associated with this study at: subconsciously, to an everyday fear for nication and connectivity? How does the architecture of www.the-arch-of-fear.blogspot.com. safety and fear against attack. This con- survival and fear manifest itself in the context we ﬁnd dition has been perpetuated by current ourselves in now? How might lessons learned from this foreign policy and other international in- study be applied in a positive real world application? cidents. The addition of new technology, By drawing from multiple ﬁelds not limited to architecenabling instantaneous communication ture, as well as multiple topics such as war, art, terror, not just to the privileged but to a mass media, communication, design, and destruction, this market, also complicates and makes this study’s goal was to explore and contribute to a relevant condition different from previous histori- architectural theory on how we live our lives under the cal precedents such as the Cold War.

unconscious umbrella of fear and danger.

REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

The goal of this course was to understand under-

REAL ESTATE FINANCE (ADVANCED)

writing and ﬁnancing issues speciﬁc to development

Scott Fishbone + Thomas Boytinck Fall 2006

and how they differ from income-producing property acquisitions. The lectures focused on global development issues, development pro forma, development budget, return parameters, and ﬁnancing structure.

151 REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

Joel Garrett has identiﬁed the characteristic that dis-

REAL ESTATE FINANCE (INTRODUCTION)

tinguishes real estate developers from the rest of the

Joshua Kahr Fall 2006

populace as the ability to perform mental calculations of high-level arithmetic quickly and intuitively. This course introduced students to the methods of financial analysis for real estate investments. Topics included methods of valuation, cash flow forecasting, computer modeling, debt, leverage, and deal structures. Emphasis was placed on the financing of individual projects. This course was heavily oriented toward numerical analysis and made use of case studies and computer spreadsheet analysis.

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

FINANCIAL DISTRICT STUDIO Gordon Kipping, critic, with Maria Stefanidis + Nora Peyer Fall 2006

The World Trade Towers had an iconic presence that

Lori Apfel

punctuated Manhattan. They served as a symbol of ﬁ-

Alejandra Bartlett

nancial might in the Financial District, one of the larg-

Eunsuk Choi

est central business districts in the largest economy

Jaesung Jung

in the world. Five years ago, the destruction of the

Susan Oh, A/B

towers triggered massive change for the Financial

Gricelys Rosario

District. Plans for rebuilding continue to inch ahead

Yuan Yuan Wen, C/D/E

including: ﬁve new towers as part of the Daniel Libeskind masterplan with the David Childs so-called Freedom Tower as a centerpiece; the Michael Arad memorial; a Santiago Calatrava PATH station; and a Nicholas Grimshaw transit hub. While the number of workers in the area has declined by 50,000 and 22% of the ofﬁce space existing in September 2001 has been converted to residential units, a seemingly disproportionate investment in infrastructure motivated by patriotism and politics instead of demand or projected growth continues. The studio viewed this as an opportunity to be played out architecturally. How can this overabundance of infrastructure be A

leveraged to architectural advantage?

152 URBAN PL ANNING

PUBLIC FINANCING OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT Richard Froehlich Spring 2007

Public Financing of Urban Development is an intro- public utilities, airports and housing, the class was exduction to how public entities (cities, states, public posed to the major forms of tax exempt financing that benefit corporations) finance urban development by are available. Students also resarched rating agency issuing public securities. Beginning with an exami- requirements, security disclosure rules, market dynation of how public entities leverage limited capital namics and the mechanics of offering bonds for public resources through the issuance of debt, including a sale. Discussion of criticism of public financing, lookreview of statutory and political considerations as well ing at failures and bond defaults, and reviewing offeras limitations put on such debt, this course explored ing statements and related financial information for the limitations of tax exempt financing and the kinds actual financings being marketed in the public marof development that can qualify for such financing. By kets were key elements that synthesized the course. examining different kinds of development financing, including mass transit, health care facilities, schools, HISTORY/ THEORY

COMPARATIVE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BUILT FORM Kenneth Frampton Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Built form is not only a representation of dichotomy that sets architecture apart from any other at which the built environment conveys cultural sigthe human condition and of our capacity art form: on the one hand, it is inextricably mixed with niﬁcance, to forge a link between the understanding to constitute our being in terms of hu- the life world, and on the other, it is an ediﬁce an- of cultural past as embodied in built form and the poman institutions; it literally embodies chored to the ground. these implicit values. In an attempt to

tential for creativity in the process, and to cultivate a

Through a rigorous analysis of the various aspects capacity to interpret the built environment in the light

see beyond built form to the condition of a building and an exploration of the semantics em- of a particular mode of beholding. that it senses, students used as a lens bodied therein, the didactic intention of the course Hannah Arendt’s The Human Condition was to develop an awareness of the complexity of built of 1958, in which Arendt characterizes form, a capacity for criticism in the process of design, labor as a biological process and work and an understanding of the relationship between the as the production of artiﬁcial things. traditional and the innovative. The students worked This distinction reﬂects the fundamental toward developing a sensitivity to the multiple levels HISTORY/ THEORY

RETHINKING FORM Joan Ockman Spring 2007

Despite the virtuosity of much contem- expertise? Can architecture be “anti-formal” without Colin Rowe, phenomenology, structuralism poststrucporary form-making, serious formal contradicting itself? How should the relationship be- turalism, autonomy, spectacle, the anti-aesthetic, the thinking in architecture is moribund tween architecture and the city be thought of today? Is “postcritical,” sensory aesthetics, and others. The today. “Formalist” approaches to archi- it possible to forge a contemporary theory of architec- course was offered in conjunction with the FOR(U)M tecture have been in disrepute since the tural form that engages, rather than turning its back Project, a program sponsored by the Buell Center for 1960s, frequently derided as “empty,” on, the urban and the political, while also undertaking the Study of American Architecture, and coordinated while anti-formal positions derived rigorous aesthetic work? from analyses of the city, technology,

with the seminar The Formal and the Political, taught

The seminar took up a series of theories, practices, by Pier Aureli.

and globalization dominate contempo- and debates about form in order to situate and reﬂect rary architectural discourse. How and on these questions, including Russian Formalism why has architectural thought become and the Marxist critiques of the Frankfurt School, the antagonistic to its own discipline and Anglo-American Tradition of Clement Greenberg and

153 VISUAL STUDIES

TOPOLOGICAL STUDY OF FORM José Sánchez Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Through a topological understanding of form as a composite of mathematical data, the seminar investigated

the underlining structure of post-Euclidian geometry. Students studied fluid dynamics as a morphological rather than a vector-based system and analyzed how fractals can generate ‘structures’ of form that incorporate space-form relations. The primary methods of investigation were generative geometry and generative perception. The first utilizes a line system to generate a ‘structure’ of forms that incorporate space-form relations. The morphology to be studied or animated could also be based on an object, a system or a network whose morphology is in interaction with a topologically equivalent entity. The second was based on time-sensitive material effects performing on pre-defined geometry. In this case the morphology was revealed over time by animating visual properties of an object, a system or a network.

Erick Carcamo, Nefeli Chatzimina, Ala Hosseini Alavi, A Hugo Martinez, B Wilhelm Neusser, José Zequeira, C Chia-Yu Li, Orama Siamseranee, Jennifer Yang, D Michael Contento, Jon Turkula, E

154 VISUAL STUDIES

SIMULATION AS THE ORIGIN OF TANGIBLE FORM José Sànchez Fall 2006, Spring 2007

This workshop involved the generation of visual constructs dealing with the

notion of simulation and representation. Simulation was understood as the origin of a reality—not as a representation of a formal construct—generating behavioral models and abstract events without a tactile origin. The simulation gave origin to sequential representation of an unknown event that progressively yielded a tangible visual fabric.

Elizabeth Sennot, A Amy Finley, Dora Kelle, Catie Liken, B/C Citra Soedarsono, Eduardo McIntosh, D Tom Wu, E Alberto Garcia, Kimiko Kubota, Angela Vizcarra, F

155 VISUAL STUDIES

MECHANICS OF FORM Kenneth Tracy Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Details in everyday industrial objects surround architects but are only rarely used in buildings. The use of

CNC and rapid prototyping technologies in conjunction with the DIY approach of many architects has increased the language of recent architecture to include industrial design details. Puzzle connections, Velcro, snap ﬁts, folding patterns, and other common industrial design technologies offer new possibilities to architects through their various, mechanically performative qualities. Plants offer another interesting set of mechanical and formal possibilities for architecture. John Paxton, Antonio Gaudi, and others have used plants as a paradigm for the mechanical properties of their architec-

ture. The most advanced engineering achievements of humans pale in comparison to the very practical and sophisticated systems of even the most common plants. Plants' ubiquity, even in New York City, offers the possibility of direct visceral study. This course sought to expand the language of architecture through a practical investigation of plant biomechanics and industrial design. Kubi Ackerman, A Evan Allen, C/D Andrea Johnson, E Christopher McAnneny, B

156 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

THINK TANK 2.1: EMPTY FORM Reinhold Martin, critic, with Keith Kaseman Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION A

Perhaps the most common critique of various formalisms is that they tend toward emptiness. In privileging form over function, over site, over production, or over other aspects of architecture’s socio-economically embedded condition, formalism risks spinning into an abyss of meaningless self-reference, academicism, or at best, mere aesthetic pleasure. Thus the sobriquet “empty form,” when used to refer to a work of architecture, commonly suggests indulgence, aestheticism, or even irresponsibility. This studio reversed this equation, suggesting that architecture’s most meaningful—if not utopian—task might lie in the pursuit of (rather than resistance to) emptiness. Not silence, not pure reﬂection of external reality, but emptiness. The ideal of architectural emptiness converts meaning into an unfulﬁlled promise—the impossible promise that the object will resonate with a future world-historical context in some as-yetunforeseen way. In other words, it requires that the world be changed in such a way that what now appears empty beC

comes meaningful and resonant. This constitutes its Kai Liang Derek Lindner

properly utopian dimension.

In that sense, empty form is always (by deﬁnition) Eduardo McIntosh alien—though not necessarily because it looks “differ- Ifeanyi Oganwu ent.” It might be best envisioned as a time-traveling Andrew Skey, A/B Matthew Worsnick, C

spaceship from the future—with nobody aboard.

Chad Wyman Andrew Burne

Paul Yoo

Karin Chen, D

Ahmed Youssef

Peter Epstein Sabri Farouki, E Nicholas Kothari D

157 HISTORY/ THEORY

THE FORMAL AND THE POLITICAL Pier Aureli Spring 2007

Architecture is popular today. Ironically, with its grow- crucial; the making of form becomes the real and ef- kel’s Altes Museum, and Koolhaas’s Jussieu Library, ing popularity comes an increasing sense among ar- fective program of architecture. chitects of political powerlessness and cultural dis-

the students explored how constituent architectural

If the essence of political action may be said to be forms construct a political understanding of the city.

illusionment. Within this paradoxical situation, it is the attempt to deﬁne a form of coexistence among The current success of architecture as image was subnecessary to face and acknowledge the popularity of individuals, we may say that architectural form—by jected to critical questioning, revealing how the formal architecture “critically.” To do so, we need to address means of patterning, framing, and representing the capacities of the discipline could have a much more seriously the unequivocal social and cultural power space of coexistence—inevitably implies a political ambitious resonance in the city’s political imagination. architecture possesses, more than any other art, to vision. The seminar sought to disentangle this deep produce representations of the world—social, cultur- relationship between formal techniques and political al, and especially political—through exemplary forms aspirations in architecture. By reading such works as of built reality. At this level, the problem of form—the Bramante’s Belvedere, OMA’s La Villette Park, Mies’s strategizing of architecture’s appearance—becomes Dominion Center, Andrea Branzi’s No-Stop City, SchinADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

THE REFUTURE Jürgen Mayer H., critic, with Marc Kushner Fall 2006

THE NOW The world’s concept of the future has veered off course from progress to stagnation. Even the Freedom Tower, which was supposed to be an expression of deﬁant optimism, has evolved into an object of stoic insularity that is as resilient to bombs as it is to new conceptions of humankind’s destiny. Etienne-Louis Boullée, Violet le Duc, the Futurists, and Archigram, all proved through example that an architectural forecast of the future can alter the state of architecture in the present. ReFuture studio was, in response, an incubator

for a new critique of society’s status quo. B

THE FUTURE Today one needn’t visit Disney World to experience ‘Futureland’ when the most celebrated architects of the day are being employed to design cutting edge condos. If the future is now, and the avant-garde’s promise of newness is available at a ﬁxed rate mortgage, then what comes next?

158 THE REFUTURE This studio acknowledged that the architecture of the future has a past. Students used the great experimental speculative works of earlier generations as a catalyst to break free from the protectionism of today. Ultimately this studio’s projects were not designed for the denizens of the future, but for the people of today who need to be inspired or pushed to question the assumptions of their built environment. Like all prophets the students were not judged on the accuracy of their predictions but rather on the reception and believability of their prognostications. George Agnew, E/F Aimée Duquette Peter Eptstein Christopher Kroner Takeshi Mitsuda Benjamin Porto, B/C Lola Rodriguez, A/D Daniel Sakai Janine Schneider Ashley Simone

Elliott Voth Christine Yogiaman Sang Hoon Youm

VISUAL STUDIES

B.U.G.—BIG URBAN GAME Lian Chang + Mike Sharon Spring 2007

Architects impose order on space codifying building functions and then physically partitioning them out by type (i.e., a kitchen is for cooking, a roller rink is for rollerskating, etc). Architects, however, may also ﬁnd it purposeful to organize space not through the formal vocabulary and maneuvers of architecture, but through the design and execution of rule-based play in other words, to create and play a game. A Big Urban Game…

This workshop intended to examine the subtle, invisible rules and patterns of the city and to ‘detourne’ them—bor-

on-line mapping applications, ubiquitous computC

ing); students based the rules of their games on these

rowing a term from the Situationists—

urban systems. Several of New York’s smartest BUG

for our own ludic purposes. Some of

designers to provide game case studies, creative in-

these rules and patterns comprised of

spiration, and critical evaluation.

human behavior (all the various forms

Taking the city as a game board, the BUGs were

of unspoken etiquette we adopt in the

site-speciﬁc and simple, or complex and area-wide;

city), some involved the city’s physical

low-tech or technically sophisticated; fun for a few or

infrastructure (taxis, payphones, sub-

fun for all.

way entrances), some overlayed the urban space in the form of the digital

Angie Huh, Kay Cheng, Antonio Tolentino, A/B

infosphere (cellular/wiﬁ/GPS networks,

John Lloyd, C

159 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

GENERIC CITY—DIALECTICS OF TOTALITY AND INFINITY Karl Chu, critic Fall 2006

160 GENETICS The project for the Generic City addressed issues pertaining to the ontology of genetic architecture. As such, it dealt with the generative construction of possible worlds and the space of compossibility. Alain Badiou raises the following issues which students dealt with from the standpoint of genetic architecture: the Real, the generic, the indiscernible, the multiple, the undecidable, the unnameable, evental Site, Set-theoretic concept of Forcing, totality and inﬁnity. The generic is that which cannot be discerned based on the resources and determination of a given situation. There are elements within a situation that, even though they be-

long to the situation, cannot be described by the tools of the language pertaining to it. Therefore, the generic is intrinsically multiple, which is in excess of the language of circumscription that attempts to totalize that which cannot be contained or completed. The generic truth of a situation is infinite and unnameable. Only the concept of the infinite resists any attempt to arrive at the end game of knowledge. A generic truth procedure is a praxis consisting of enquiries into the situation by militants acting in fidelity to the event. The event is a disruptive occurrence that has no place in the scheme of things as they currently are. The proposal for a GeE

neric City was a creative albeit disruptive event situ- Karla Karwas ated within the epistemological context of the ency- Kimiko Kubota, C/D clopedia of architecture: the normative ground model Annie Kwon available for the creative intervention, excavation and Mark Morris ‘forcing’ of a new kind of generic architecture based on Wilhelm Neusser, A/B the logic of genetics.

Maria Rivas, C/D Stanley Wangsadhardja

Ala Hosseini Alavi William Craig, E Cristos Gkotsis, C/D Krikor Huvaguimian Hyeseung Jung

Danielle Willems

160

INSTITUTE FOR GENETIC ARCHITECTURE Research Lab

Karl Chu, director

“TYPOS IS TOPOS.” —Damascius

The Institute is a multi-disciplinary enterprise with a two-fold intention: research and development into genetic architecture and dissemination of genetic ideas into the cultural domain. The program for research and develop-

The convergence of computation and biogenetics within the last ment focuses on theoretical issues pertaining to genetic systems and formal two decades has ushered in a post-human era, which will trans- methods of computational morphogenesis. At this level, genetic architecture form the way we think and interact with the world at large. The is concerned with the instigation of the autonomy of the generative, which Institute for Genetic Architecture is a response to these chal- serves as the constitutive basis for the logic of appearance or emergence. lenges, bringing forward a new paradigm: genetic architecture. The program for communicative action addresses cultural and philosophical It is based on the philosophical notion of genesis—understood issues raised by the genetic paradigm along with problems as well as opporin the most general and far-reaching sense of the term with ref- tunities induced by the emergence of demiurgic capitalism: radicalization of erences to both abstract and concrete domains of instantiation. the concept of culture through capitalization of the logic of evolution Theoretical impetus for the Institute is founded upon the

Projects currently underway include investigations into combinatorial

idea that information is the currency of life, which manifests systems of aggregation (substitution systems, cellular automaton, tessellaitself in various scalar and speciﬁcation regimes of organization, crystallography, etc.), topological basis of form, and theoretical inquiry tion. The general economy of information ranges from 1 BIT into the ontology of genetic architecture. conceived as a minimal unit of a self-replicating system to

The following pages are samples of work on the use of knot topology

the dynamics of co-evolutionary systems on the Internet with for architectural design. It shows the systematic generation of Seifert surits second-order phase transition looming in the near future: a face implicit within knots. A Seifert surface is an orientable surface with Global Ubiquitous Computing (GUC) System that will, once it one boundary component deﬁned by the crossings of a knot (in 1934, Seifert is fully incorporated into the Internet, saturate the planet Earth proved that such a surface can be constructed for any knot). The process with a monadic concept of the global brain. With this in mind, of generating this surface is known as Seifert's algorithm—an alternating the Institute for Genetic Architecture is concerned with the gen- projection of an alternating knot that yields a Seifert surface of minimal knot erative construction of possible worlds engendered as well as genus. The work displayed here explores the topology of a Seifert surface up mediated by computation.

to knots with 7 crossings.

INSTITUTE FOR GENETIC ARCHITECTURE

161

162

INSTITUTE FOR GENETIC ARCHITECTURE

163

164

INSTITUTE FOR GENETIC ARCHITECTURE

165

166

INSTITUTE FOR GENETIC ARCHITECTURE

167

168 VISUAL STUDIES

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Sarah Williams Spring 2007

197 INFORMATION Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for managing data about where features are (geographic coordinate data) and what they are like (attribute data), and for providing the ability to query, manipulate, and analyze those data. Because GIS allows one to represent social and environmental data as a map, it has become an important analysis tool used across a variety of ﬁelds including; planning, architecture, engineering, public health, environmental science, economics, epidemiology, and business. GIS has also become an important political tool allowing communities and regions to graphically tell their story. GIS is a powerful tool, and the intent of this course was to cultivate an understanding of its possibilities. To this end, students took as a case study the Bronx River Alliance—a local advocacy group for the Bronx River—using GIS to address real-world needs and planning situations.

Tonja Adair, Elizabeth Barry, Jay Lim, Christopher Reynolds, A Alejandro Sarasti, B Leticia Crispin, C

169 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

ADVANCED TOPICS IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Monica Bansal + Elizabeth Helton Sarah Williams, adviser

197 INFORMATION This independent study in Urban Remote Sensing, investigated how software such as ERDAS Imagine could be used to interpret satellite imagery to detect urban change in developing countries. The students focused on the hinterlands of Luska, Zambia, and found evidence of deforestation and a hitherto unknown slum. The research was part of an advanced class in urban mapping with Sarah Williams, co-director of the Spatial Information Design Lab; topics ranged from Google Mapping Hacks to documenting land-use change.

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

GLEAM Christa Mohn, Minyoung Song, Tatiana von Preussen + Christine Yogiaman Kathryn Dean, Keith Kaseman, Micah Roufa, Michiko Sakano + Ken Tracy, advisors Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION In the interest of using a conventional material to pro- followed by an experimentation phase, culminating in and materials, all rational and systemduce unconventional effects, this research proposed the production of a full scale built fragment as well as atic methods were employed only in the a rigorous material study of glass and resin. Offering a printed publication. The final pieces fit together to service of beauty, and intuition was ala contemporary reinterpretation of a classic building produce a large glittering structure, installed at the lowed to rule out scientific rigor at varimaterial, students designed a unique, provocative Year-end Exhibition. aesthetic through the effects of cast glass and resin

The goal of this research was to produce a particu-

components. This common material affords the op- lar spatial mood, a three-dimensional wallpaper of portunity to manipulate light and vision. Through light, taking advantage of the possibilities of playing experimentation with the physical composition and with visual distortion and varying transparency. The form of the material itself, ‘Team Gleam’ created spe- investigation had as its ultimate aim the production of ciﬁc effects through light refraction, reﬂection and a beautiful and intriguing experience. While students iridescence. This study included a research phase, at times relied on knowledge of the science of light

ous moments.

170 URBAN DESIGN

FABRICS AND TYPOLOGIES: NEW YORK/GLOBAL Richard Plunz Fall 2006

New York City was the catalyst for questioning the This exercise in urban forensics was played back for architectural and urban historiographical canons of other global cities, translated from New York by the isolated monuments and the heroic designers. Stu- students who applied the techniques and values to a dents scrutinized the evolutionary history of New place embedded in their own local knowledge, culmiYork’s anonymous urban fabric that comprises the nating in a final forum. Among other things, projected major building volume of New York and all cities. They architectural transformation of case study fabrics focused on the culture of housing with the intention of became the basis of a comparative critical discourse grasping the political and tectonic devices that con- toward greater designer competence in dealing with struct specific fabrics in specific urban contexts. The urban “non-design” anonymity within the discipline of city became a crucible to be understood both forwards “urban design.” and backwards in time, from extant present-day realities to underlying formational causes and vice versa. URBAN PL ANNING

THE NEW URBAN SPACES OF GLOBALIZATION Peter Marcuse Fall 2006

This seminar focused on the relation- speciﬁc cities around the globe. Students considered ship between processes of globalization a range of methodological strategies to address both and of urban development. Students the structural and strategic dimensions of contemtook up the most important themes and porary urban and regional transformations, focusing debates in the economic and political critically on current patterns in globalization and their discourse on urban and regional devel- possible alternatives. opment, comparing redevelopment processes across diverse geographical settings. While the course was organized among discrete substantive issues, discussions included a range of empirical cases, including case studies of

GRADUATES

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

Ulises Castillo

Katherine Berle Hearey

Jacob S. Ackerman

Karin Chen

Randall Mark Holl

George Michael Agnew

Yi-Kuan Eddie Chou

Hannah Peters Ilten

Evan Michael Allen

Benjamin Alden Cohen

Jason Paul Ivaliotis

Lori Adrienne Apfel

Brigitte Elizabeth Cook

Nicholas M. Kothari

William Alfonso Arbizu

Aimée Jeanne Duquette

David Christopher Kroner

Jason Tucker Arndt

Peter James Epstein

Jane Laros Lea

Aiyla Balakumar

Sean Christopher Erickson

Christopher Dale Lewis

Yelena Baybus

Evan Michael Erlebacher

Singjoy Liang

Robert Glenn Booth

Sabri Taji Farouki

Derek Martin Lindner

Robert Lee Brackett III

Maria Trinidad Gavieres

Philip Anthony Mana

Andrew Burne

Jamison Modrack Guest

Christopher Kappler McAnneny

171

Brad Michael McCoy

Yves Radames Culqui

Jennifer Y. Yang

Arthur D. McGoey

Marcella Del Signore

Joon Young Yang

Nicolas Daniel Medrano

Marcelo Oscar Ertorteguy

Ahmed Mohamed Youssef

Takeshi Mitsuda

Qinghua Fan

Luping Yuan

Christa Elizabeth Mohn

Ivana Filipovic

Jose Javier Zequeira

Julia Ann Molloy

Eduardo Frischwasser

Jonathan Michael Moreﬁeld

Takahiro Fukuda

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN

Emily Lauren Morentz

Raul Garcia Moncada

Tonja Michelle Adair

Yooju No

Alberto Garcia Valladares

Anas Abdullah Alomaim

Donna J. Pallotta

Christos Gkotsis

Elizabeth Ellen Barry

Benjamin Peter Porto

Miriam Lizette Gomez

Michael Angel Bello

George Michael Rusch

Ala Hosseini Alavi

Amparo Casani

Daniel Kenichi Sakai

Krikor Steven Hovaguimian

Shan Chen

Swati Shivanand Salgaocar

Madhavi S. Jandhyala

Po-Tsung Cheng

Taka Sarui

Christopher Phillip Johnson

Pedro E Claudio Montalvo

Tiffany Louise Schrader-Brown

Jaesung Jung

Skye Janet Duncan

Noah Daniel Sherburn

Karla R. Karwas

Erick Thomas Gregory

Ashley Elizabeth Simone

Brandon Nobuo Komoda

Marissa Agatha Schroer Gregory

Andrew R. Skey

Kimiko Kubota

Gizem Deniz Guneri

Anna Kathryn Smith

Annie Kim Kwon

Busara Kanpetch

Cara Lauren Solomon

Athanasia Leivaditou

Sumalatha Karveti

Minyoung Song

Chia-yu Li

Irene Anne Kelly

Matthew Allan Stofen

Kai Xiang Liang

Soo Jin Kim

Katrina Anna Stoll

Jin Woo Lim

Kin Ling Leung

Tatiana Brigid Honor von Preussen

Hugo Enrique Martinez

Wai Yin Leung

Lillian L. Wang

Eduardo Roberto McIntosh

Ling Li

Erik Douglas Waterman

Mark Kenneth Morris

Jay Sze-Leon Lim

Tannar Jon Whitney

Maurizio Mucciola

Ping-Yi Liu

Robert Jason Wing

Leah Rose Catherine Nanpei

Brandie Lanae Lockett

John Joseph Winkler

Wilhelm Alexander Neusser

Dynelle Volesky Long

Mercy Mang Sum Wong

Ifeanyi Anthony Oganwu

Tat Man Lui

Matthew Worsnick

Susan Soo Jun Oh

Bernard de Alvarenga C. Malafaia

Chad Sargeant Wyman

Elena Perez Guembe

Ichiro Nagano

Li Xu

Rodrigo Piwonka

Kantawan Neenchaisak

Christine Yogiaman

Alvaro Jose Quintana Barreneche

Jongbin Oh

Paul Hyun-Yeul Yoo

Maria Alejandra Rivas

Sunny Ashwinkumar Patel

Sang Hoon Youm

Lola Leontina Rodriguez Fuentes

Jessica Ann Reyes

Alexandra Scott Young

Gricelys Rosario

Christopher Scott Reynolds

Pascale Monique Saint-Louis

Eleni Seraﬁmidou-Saraﬁmidou

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ADVANCED

Janine Schneider

Jenin Dilipkumar Shah

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Orama Siamseranee

Lin Shen

Gilland McKenzie Akos

Natalie Renee Smith

Shriram Surendhranath

Abdulaziz Fahad Al Qatami

Citra Munanda Soedarsono

Katherine Marie Vilnrotter

Saad Alayyoubi

Sung Lun Tang

Melissa Davis Williams

George Attokaran

Alan Ross Tansey

Fan Yang

Alejandra Bartlett

Kalina Marie Toffolo

Ziyu Zhuang

Richard Bednarczyk

Laura Patricia Trevino

Christopher Garrick Booth

KuoChao Tseng

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN

John Lightfoot Brockway

Matthew Paul Utley

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Mecayla DeAnne Bruns

Sara Valente

Christopher Dale Brazee

Ingrid V. Campo-Ruiz

Jonathas Lanna Valle Filho

Laura Elizabeth Brown

Kezhen Cao

Angela Vizcarra Sanbuichi

Allison Walton Chambers

Erick Salvador Carcamo

Elliott Robert Voth

Brigitte Elizabeth Cook

Rowena Rose Rivera Castillo

Stanley G. Wangsadihardja

Diane Helen De Fazio

Nefeli Chatzimina

Yuan-Yuan Wen

Toni Ann DiMaggio

Jonathan Chia-Chang Chen

Danielle Michelle Willems

Abbie Lynn Hurlbut

Po Chuan Chen

Teerawat Wiriyaamornpun

Mersedeh Jorjani

Chih-Chieh Chin

Gordon Kon Fung Wong

Iris Kashman

Eunsuk Choi

Shih-Yen Wu

Olivia Taylor Klose

William Ralph Craig

Yun Chao Xu

Chian-Ju Ku

172

Erin Cleary Larkin

CERTIFICATE IN CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC

Dev Ramesh Motwani

Ana Beatriz del Ros Linares Munoz

BUILDINGS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

Anne Lloyd Neujahr

Marissa Gayle Marvelli

Jamie Lynn Clapper Morris

Vincent Bond Ng

Kathryn Maureen McLaughlin

Troy Joseph Simmons

Erin Kathleen O’Brien

Lindsay Anne Miller

Kumi Oba

Benika Morokuma

PH D IN HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Olanrewaju Odeyemi

Lisa Jean Mroszczyk

David Rifkind

Maja Koziol Orekar

Justine Marie Posluszny

Ioanna Theocharopoulou

Antonio Orozco Mouret

Megan Elizabeth Rispoli

Esra Akcan

Ernesto Hipolito Padron

Lindsey Ann Schweinberg

Francisco Borja Pascual

Pat See-umpornroj

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN REAL ESTATE

Chetan K. Patel

Amanda Rachel Stauffer

DEVELOPMENT

Lee Polydor

Adam Curtis Aasen

Christopher Scott Prather

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN PLANNING

Nicolas Philip Barquin

William Gregory Ramirez

Isaac Abid

Michael Stephen Barstis

Demetrios Rangaves

Irene Avetyan

Ryan Justin Baughman

Elise Mary Resta

Monica Bansal

Michael Lawrence Benedetti

Steven Wade Rooney

Richard Edward Barone

Paul James Boisi

Ramon Delgado Ruﬁno

John Langdon Blakeney

Erik Alexander Brenden

Adam Roni Schneiderman

Alyssa Marie Boyer

John Marty Brill III

Jason Roy Scott

Esther Brunner

Wendy Tatiana Castro-Farrell

Daniel Stern Serviansky

Candy Yee-June Chang

Bradley Joseph Chod

Pushpendra Nath Sharma

Kay J. Cheng

Michael Garrett Clark

Kendra Claire M. Stensven

Tarirai Gerald Chivore

Anthony Quinn Crusor

Maher Sweid

Catherine Ann Corley

Anthony Fisher Cummings

Jill Meredith Tanen

Leticia Maria Crispin Acuna

John de Neufville

Jake Andrews Taylor

Robert Joseph Cunningham

Ngiep Cong Dinh

Julie Ann Thompson

Reuel Sanford Daniels

Isabel Lucia El Sherif

Lia P. Tieu

Serena Y. Deng

Robert Matthew Farrow

William L. Tims

Ioannis Evmolpidis

Adam Scott Feil

Jeffrey Adam Tulman

Jonathan Peter Flaherty

Kane Harrison Fenner

Nikolaos Vianellis

Janina Andrea Franco

Bernard Antonio Fernandez

Kanani Joethel Whack

Silvett Garcia

Gary Alan Fogg

Sutton Wynn Wheeler

Hilary Jessica Gietz

Matthew Galaburri

Lawrence Williamson

Christine Grimando

Fernando Garcia Sotelo

Patrick Wun

Elizabeth Eggleston Helton

Jeffrey Roger Gardere

Michael John Wynn

Angie Y. Huh

Araceli Guadalupe Garza

Paul Yager

Jennifer Gabrielle Jacobs Guzman

Jane Elizabeth Gillard

Panayiota Zissimou

Jin Ho Jo

Adrienne Bolton Gratry

Anna Pamela Kleppert

Andrew Nolan Greene

Lily Serena Langlois

George Todd Hardy

Matthew Thomas Leavell

Alan Damon Harvey

Summer Michelle Lee

Stefanie Joan Hermann

Deepa Mehta

Darryl Henry Herring

Joseph David Moreno

Carina Consuelo Hinjosa

Clare Marie Newman

Saeko Honda

Tatiana Maria Pena

Jae Hoon Joung

Periklis Platanias

Sung Nam Kim

Marnie L. Purciel

Yukio Kitabatake

Armando Rodriguez

Michael James Kraus

Heather M. Roiter

Helen Yuk-Yee Lau

Kathryn Patricia Sargent

Christina Sun Lee

Rachael Gray Shipkin

Yen Phi Mach

Karin Windschill Sommer

Mark David Majerovic

Antonio Lawrence Tolentino

Aaron Abraham Marzwell

Danielle Aimee Touma

Frederick William McCarthy

Alejandro Ernesto Triana

Calvin Roger Michael

Ryan Travis Walsh

Joseph Martin Miller Paul Moawad Marianne Elaine Moser

173 URBAN PL ANNING

HEALTH, WORK AND WELFARE REGIMES Smita Srinivas Spring 2007

290 POLICY Perhaps no other ﬁeld of study better captures the with well-being in society. By focusing on developing political economy and institutions of resuccesses and failures of international development countries, emphasis was placed on industrialization distribution, work and welfare. strategies and questions the meaning of develop- and technological changes in production and services ment than health. While most discussion focused on and (gendered) changes in health and insecurity, in health is very speciﬁc, broad concern with the ideas of part driven by shifting economic, familial and comwell-being in society is equally important. Historical munity system supports. The relationship of health to understanding of health in economic and social policy urban industrial work, and of local vs. national institurealms; the rise of urban health planning, the national/ tions to changes in health and overall well-being, were local discourse of industrial work, poverty and welfare also active items of discussion. This seminar explored in the structuring of health care services, basic sanita- the idea of health and its relationship to urban industion and institutions of risk reduction, and economic trial work and national/local institutions, especially integration provide the foundation for a broad concern as urban health, as an integral component of national ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN’S LANGUAGE GAME AS A HEURISTIC DEVICE Yehuda Safran, critic, with Marta Caldiera Fall 2006

For Ludwig Wittgenstein, language was not a perfect

In 1938 with Austria taken over by the Nazis, Witt- George Attokaran

mirror of reality but capable of playing ‘games.’ This genstein traveled to Berlin to secure the so-called T. Maria Gavieres theory was taken up by Raymond Queneau and the Aryan papers for his two sisters who refused to leave Katherine Hearey, C mathematician Francois Le Lionnais, who created Vienna. He obtained these papers against 1.7 tons of Christopher Johnson, D/E Oulipo (OUvroir de LItterature POtentielle). Among gold, which presented at the time 10% of Austria gold Elena Perez its members were George Perec and Italo Calvino. reserve. The studio imagined that Deutsche Bank, Teerawat Wiriyaamornpun, A/B This group believed that literature was the outcome which inherited the Riches Bank, decided to pay back of linguistic devices such as numerical speculations— this enormous sum, and that the family decided to laboratories for invention, inasmuch as they construct create a foundation dedicated to Wittgenstein’s Philorather than describe. New realities are proposed. It sophical Investigation. was in this spirit that the studio explored the possibility of this project. A

174 D

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

HISTORIC PRESERVATION COLLOQUIUM Paul Bentel Spring 2007

Historic preservation is a disciplinary cultural prac- and integrity, place and context. Special emphasis was couraging them to participate actively in the discursive tice, conditioned by a professional discourse on the given to the relationship between buildings as physical process by which it unfolds in theory and practice. one hand and by prevailing economic objects and their meaning in the present, and to the and political circumstances on the other. role of historic preservation as a field of environmental This course considered the tension be- design. Students were required to present arguments tween these two conditions as revealed on polemical issues relevant to their own independent through current practices of historic research and to express a commitment to a particular preservation. Students examined the- point of view and defend it against challenges from matic focal points that are ever-present their class members. The course was intended to aid within the discussion of the curatorial students in forming their own professional identities management of cultural heritage—sig- within the field of historic preservation by reinforcing nificance and cultural value, authenticity their understanding of its intellectual content and en-

HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM 2006–2007 Paul Byard, Director

The GSAPP’s Preservation Program

The ﬁrst year Studios were redesigned this year

continues to deepen and extend its tra- to clarify their goals and sharpen and deepen their ditional focus on the public interest in analysis of design. The revised Fall Studio I, “Why Historic Preservation. The core of its Save This Building?”, addressed the core concept curriculum continues to be the training of historic signiﬁcance in two components, Meaning of professionals in the understanding and Importance, training students to read Meanof historic architecture, artifacts and ing—what can we learn from this building?—and to landscapes, and their ability to read assess Importance—how important is what we learn and argue for the important lessons from this building and does it justify the exercise of historic buildings uniquely offer as public power? Students focused on buildings in the public objects.

Upper West Side of Manhattan, and explored the meaning of historic places from 19th century row-

175 houses to the complex at Lincoln Center. Spring Studio II, “How to Save This Building?”, put the skills learned in the fall to use in four very different locations with real contexts of public conflicts. The sites included the midtown region encompassing the Farley Post Office, Penn Station, and Madison Square Garden; the Brooklyn Industrial Waterfront including the Ikea development; Lincoln Center and its neighborhood, designed in the first wave of Urban Renewal; and an exploration and identification of six-story apartment buildings in the Bronx as a distinct vernacular building type. Paul Byard and Craig Konyk led the innovative Joint MArch/HP Studio again this year. The Studio, The Virtual Volcano, produced nine provocative schemes for a site on Mexico City’s Templo Mayor. The issues of extending the life of historic places with new design was cogently presented in April with a special lecture by Pietro Cali, an Italian architect specializing in additions. A new conservation course, “Analytical Methods”, was added to the curriculum and students extended classroom learning with more field trips, including a weekend long trip to Cathedral Stoneworks in

Maryland to observe ﬁrst-hand masonry cleaning that was once a moving, inhabited, weapon of war and and repair techniques. The Conservation Workshop is now a stationary tourist attraction. course prepared a conditions assessment for the

In May, the Historic Preservation

Bartow-Pell Mansion in New York City, work which Program graduated 21 students, repwill lead to a long-term partnership with the NY His- resenting six different countries, and toric House Trust.

many different interests in the plan-

In the History/Theory Workshop, students ad- ning, design, conservation, and theory dressed the difﬁculties of interpretation and historic aspects of the discipline. preservation for the battleship Intrepid. Long moored on the Hudson River, the ship was scheduled to be Farnsworth House (c/o Historic taken to dry dock this past fall for repairs. The stu- American Buildings Survey) dents examined what it means to “restore” something HISTORY/ THEORY

URBAN HISTORY Daniel Sherer Spring 2007

This course traced the development of the European city from antiquity to the threshold of the Industrial Revolution. Focusing on the conﬁguration of architecture in urban space, students charted the evolution of the city through a complex series of exchanges between typological, morphological, and topological factors.

176 HISTORY/ THEORY

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 Mary McLeod Fall 2006

The objective of the two-semester sequence Archi- more generally, the relationship between architecture tecture History I and II is to provide students with a and a broader cultural, social, and political context. basic critical understanding of major developments in European (and to a lesser extent, American) architectural history during what is frequently considered the modern period, from the late seventeenth century to the post-World War II era. The course emphasized moments of signiﬁcant change in architecture, whether they were theoretical, economic, technological, or institutional in nature. The readings and lectures stressed the link between theory and practice, and

HISTORY/ THEORY

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2: TWENTIETH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE, 1895-1965 Kenneth Frampton Spring 2007

This course traced the history of modern architecture of Le Corbusier. Rather than attempting a con-tinuthrough its transformation from 1895 to 1965 under ous chronological account, the course was structured the inﬂuence of two major forces: the about a series of thematic episodes—Futurism, Clasprocess of modernization and the de- sical Rationalism, the Deutsche Werkbund, Adolf Loos velopment of ideology. The ﬁrst of these and Vienna, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier and Purderives from the material changes ism, Dutch Neoplasticism, Russian Constructivism, brought about by technology and indus- the Weimar Republic and the New Objectivity, Mies van trialization; the second stems from the der Rohe and the New Monumentality, Italian Ratioreceived idea of progress and from the nalism, the International Style in America, and Alvar utopian legacy of the Enlightenment. Aalto and Finnish Romantic Nationalism. The period covered runs from the high point of the Art Nouveau to the death HISTORY/ THEORY

they are not autonomous. Students looked at changing

HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN CITY: PATTERNS OF AMERICAN URBAN LIFE AND URBAN DESIGN

centers and peripheries, the shape of nature and in-

Gwendolyn Wright Fall 2006

the effects of what exists and what is remembered, the iconic, and the unexpected.

All cities respond to diverse forces: world. Certain patterns can be discerned, but no single grand master plans, unregulated ‘cow- formula can describe its entirety. American urbanity boy development,’ multilayered politics, varies across time and space, even as it borrows from amalgams of traditions, inventions, and and exports to nations. Multiple analytic methods are inevitable ‘unexpected contingencies.’ therefore necessary to understand the particularities Exemplifying this frenetic dynamic, and the big questions. How does architecture relate American cities have embodied the to location and surroundings? To infrastructure and modern metropolitan condition for over open space? Who decides what gets built? How does a century. This modernism is not a sty- it change over time? listic idiom but one of processes, experi-

frastructure, redeﬁnitions of public and private space,

This class also situated several, often competing

ences, and formal typologies that have arts and policy professions in the shared domain of much in common with our contemporary the city; while spatial developments are paramount,

177 HISTORY/THEORY Kenneth Frampton, director

The History/Theory curriculum of the GSAPP stresses view of contemporary architectural history and, at the and philosophy, providing they meet basic distribution a broad social and cultural approach to architectural same time, a degree of specialized knowledge in areas requirements of the GSAPP program. discourse. Architecture history is not seen primarily of their own choosing. Where the former is dealt with as stylistic evolution, but rather as the consequence through a required lecture sequence, the latter is met of a complex interaction between artistic, socio-eco- through specialized seminars. The architecture hisnomic, technological and ideological vectors. Most tory classes within the GSAPP are supplemented by instructors of architecture history at GSAPP have both classes in the Department of Art History and Archaeolprofessional and academic degrees. The overall intent ogy. In this regard students are especially encouraged is to place the relationship between theory and prac- to take art history courses examining pre-1750 and tice in a broad historical perspective.

non-Western topics. Students may also take courses

The course offerings are structured to provide stu- in other departments of the University, such as history dents with an opportunity to acquire a general overARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

contents of the modern dwelling became a major con-

SEIZING THE MEANS OF CONSUMPTION: KOOPERATIVA FÖRBUNDET AND THE SWEDISH HOME, 1924–1957

cern for KF. This dissertation will concentrate on the

Lucy Creagh

significant contribution made by KF and its architectural office to housing design and domestic culture in Sweden, proposing new ways to explore the infiltration of modern design into everyday life. Moreover, it will offer an alternative perspective on the architecture of the welfare state in the twentieth century, one which looks beyond the proviso of state or municipal patronage to the role of architects in civil society in achieving the aims of social democracy.

The rapidly rising standard of living enjoyed by Swedes sumption and the home as the engines for economic under the welfare policies of the Social Democrats af- transformation. Modernizing the home and objects of ter 1932 was most readily perceived in the elevated everyday use, and educating the populace to consume quality of the average Swedish home and its furnish- “correctly” were elevated to the status of a national ings, equipment, and services. While the idea of Swe- project. Despite this, housing provision was never den as a nation-family living under the roof of social nationalized. Rather, it fell to the “third sector” to reequality and welfare solidarity (folkhemmet or “the alize the transformative potential of the “consuming peoples’ home”) was a leitmotiv for the new society home.” Foremost among these non-governmental, promised under Social Democratic governance, the non-proﬁt organizations was Kooperativa Förbundet home bore economic as well as metaphorical import (KF), the consumer cooperative society. Believing that for the party. Rather than the factory and production, consumption patterns were shaped by the design of Swedish socialists placed a new emphasis on con- the home and visa versa, the study of the layout and ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

HOTHOUSE(S): PROTOTYPES, ASSEMBLIES AND ARCHITECTURE Hani Rashid, critic, with Alex Pincus + Theo Lalis Sarantoglou Spring 2007

Experimentation in architecture is now in search of some deeper resonances and trajectories, in need of a new infusion of thinking that is more consequential. What is of interest presently can be found in the realms of radical engineering, innovative hybrid materials, new modes of digital fabrication and non standardization/mass customization as well as innovative strategies for environmentally responsive and intelligent buildings. Today we are embarking on a new phase that is clearly about a greater integration between the way architecture is conceived, iterated, fabricated, and implemented. The studio investigated

178 B

the inherent architectural potential of the technologically progressive automotive, military, and aerospace industries. In the application of those ﬁndings to the design of advanced architectural solutions for the prefabricated house, the focus turned more precisely on the spatial performance in relation to material/structural performance. The house, and particularly the notion of the prefabricated house, has throughout modern architecture been used as a laboratory for material and tectonic experimentation—a prototype for architectural possibilities. The prototype house as a single unit is at a scale between furniture and larger building, the exterior and interior, form and content, are explicitly and inextricably linked. The prototype is a vehicle to unleash outmoded preconceptions as well as conduct research and radical experimentation with a measured balance of rigor and recklessness.

Rowena Rose Castillo Christopher Johnson, F Brandon Komoda Mark Morris, B/C Wilhelm Neusser Ifeanyi Oganwu, A Donna Pallotta Laura Trevino, D/E Jonathas Valle Filho

179

COLUMBIA PROJECT ON HOUSING Research Lab

Michael Bell, director

At its inception 30 years ago, what is known as the Housing Studio at Colum- ing on urban housing, the Columbia Project on Housing coorbia’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, was not a dinates the wide range of research and design that is done by separate component of the curriculum. Today the Housing Studio is a unique GSAPP faculty in housing and applies this work to case studies course within the GSAPP program and a threshold studio—the culmination with professional and state based clients. The CPH pilot project of the core design studios within the Master of Architecture program. Hous- links the CPH and the Bridgeport Connecticut Housing Authoring and metropolitan life are key and long running projects at Columbia— ity (BHA). The BHA recently acquired a set of scattered sites on both in the studio and in the wider work of the GSAPP faculty. While students the perimeter of downtown Bridgeport and is working with the reinvent the Housing Studio’s identity with their design work, they have also CPH to investigate architectural design and urban planning for been energetic in engaging the longer histories of the GSAPP involvement this new scattered site development for public housing. The colwith housing and housing’s deep political history in New York City.

laboration is exploring the design of duplex and triplex housing

To further this work the school has launched The Columbia Project on models that will replace older larger centrally planned public Housing (CPH). Operating as a dedicated design and research unit focus- housing developments from the 1940’s and 50’s.

180 A

cities—in terms of density these sites have historically been characterized by

PILOT PROJECT: THE NEW PUBLIC HOUSE

large open spaces that are now seen as developable as markets adjust to hous-

Partner Organization: The Bridgeport Housing Authority

ing demands. While simultaneously seeking to develop new scattered site

The BHA acquired the scattered sites in a land swap with the city housing stitched into the wider urban fabric Housing Authorities are also seeof Bridgeport—the BHA gave control of a larger a single urban ing the economic value of the older properties rise allowing land swaps that site to the city in return for the residential scales properties. In often can assist both the city and the Housing Authority. an era of diminished federal ﬁnancial support for Housing Au-

The Columbia Project on Housing has a pre-history in this type of work: in

thorities nationwide, the BHA, like the New York City Housing 2001 and 2002 GSAPP faculty provided urban planning and architectural deAuthority, is seeking entrepreneurial ways to leverage their of- sign for the New York Department of Housing Preservation and Development ten-formidable property holdings. Public Housing Authorities na- for a 100 acre parcel of city-owned ocean-front land deemed newly attractive tionwide hold large-scale sites that are increasingly understood to commercial development. Sited on the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens, to be underdeveloped and newly desirable development sites by New York, the GSAPP project provided research, urban planning and design C

that aided the city and private development’s projected re-development of the property. Surrounded on three sides by various forms of public housing the site was seen as a prototype and forerunner for an era when city initiatives in redevelopment were coupled with historically difficult sites adjacent to or even within public housing sites. Shown here, the GSAPP project sought to provide prototypes for new housing models of varying densities, including a full spectrum of income sectors. The new housing was to be produced within market systems—that is, built within the market/developer realm—while integrating fully into the more than 13,000 units of public housing on adjacent sites. The Bridgeport Housing Authority is seeking Columbia’s assistance in designing its future housing stock; as a hybrid of federally subsidized housing being built in the context of market rate and existing housing stock there are opportunities and pit-falls. Of particular concern is the problem of scale—the pricing and financial aspects of smaller development weigh against and diminish the cost saving economics of larger scale development. Still, it is the desirability of scattered sites and mixed income development that reflect a federal shift away from centrally planned/large scale and homogeneous public housing development of the past. The GSAPP Housing Studio and The Columbia Project on Housing are committed to renewing what has often seemed to be an extended collective memory—a vague and even somewhat inflated memory of what the current studio faculty, and students often assume had been a directly activist original housing agenda at Columbia. If the current work has become overtly political in its structure today, it has not taken on the appearance or means of direct

181

COLUMBIA PROJECT ON HOUSING D

QUEENS: ROCKAWAY PENINSULA, ARVERNE BY THE SEA

Proposal: 2200 units of housing on 108 acres of city-owned property

Urban Planning: Michael Bell Architecture

Architecture: Michael Bell Architecture, Marble Fairbanks Architects, Mark Rakatansky Studio B

QUEENS: ARVERNE BY THE SEA

A prototypical duplex housing block provides 12 two-storey dwelling units. Proto- Michael Bell Architecture type provides a hybridized pre-fabricated structural truss and thermal envelope. C

THE COLUMBIA HOUSING STUDIO AND NEW YORK CITY

Seven Studio Sites: 2000 to 2006. D

PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY

An increasing focus on performance and a resistance to building form residents to act and project their ultimate home. evolve in students work. Based in an analysis of performance art but also time elapsed photography a team of designers perform and are performed Mehmet Bozatli, Mateusz Tarczynski by a drawing. Their actions are anticipated by the geometry and character of Bell Studio, 2006 drawings. An incomplete work, it was hoped to become a model for housing E

PUBLIC HOUSING AS SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES AT BRIDGEPORT

HOUSING AUTHORITY The CPH will propose inﬁll housing for these houses and sites.

182 activism or even overt reform. The Project on Housing and Studio sign—that is the neo-privatization of public housing in the United States (and address a nexus of now decade old and also very recent housing worldwide), and the coincident neo-traditionalist architecture and planning legislation—often in the original texts from Congress or federal that has embodied the QHWRA’s since 1996. In this case, policy work and deagencies. The Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of sign work have often appeared to be equivocal—New Urbanism has seemed 1998, for example, has been read for both a literal understand- to be the architecture of QHWRA. The Project on Housing has been set up to ing of intent, but also for language that has powerful resonance reveal the lack of inevitability in this equation and to foster the innovation in within the architect’s spatial imagination: for example, in low in- work at Columbia and to help give it traction in the real world. come and poverty housing new federal incentives enacted in the under the QHWRA have supported leasing procedures that abet the decentralization of public housing. Similarly they allow new

RESEARCH QUADRANTS:

legal tools to de-concentrate homogeneous sectors of poverty in Quadrant 1: The Rise of a New or First Public House federal housing projects. All of these concepts, and initiatives Is it possible that public housing has never existed in the United States? And have been key to the past seven years of the Housing Studio’s that it could be invented for the ﬁrst time in our generation? What would it be? direction, and have been examined in the context of advanced Where would it be? Who would it be for? How would you conceptualize and mapping techniques, visualization tools—and ultimately within design it in relation to standardization? Location? . . . the spatial imagination of the architect.

Is it possible that public housing never materialized, appeared or even

The QHWRA can be argued to constitute the most signiﬁcant took hold, despite what we could commonly say is a broad public perception change to United States federal poverty housing since the New that it not only existed, but that it systemically failed on numerous levels, Deal and the ﬁrst rise of public housing. While the act is not well caused countless social maladies, and that it can now be universally underknown the architectural results of it are extremely visible in the stood as ready for a wholesale renovation and partial destruction? form of countless neo-traditionalist housing developments that

The appearance of public housing is, of course, far more than a ﬁction, but

have replaced former public housing across the United States. also less than a fact—less than veriﬁable. As it stands today, what we comThe studio and the Project on Housing addresses the parallel monly call public housing—the CIAM inspired housing developments—cenchanges that have occurred in housing policy and housing de- trally planned and executed by federal housing agencies in the United States

The Columbia Project on Housing formalizes and stands on the work done during this past seven years in the GSAPP Housing Studio: shown is a sample of work done during this time. It offers an overview of Columbia’s deep focus on housing. F

MANHATTAN: FAR WEST SIDE

The Far West Side is a recently titled sector of Manhattan extending design for a city block on West 43rd Street. The area was formerly a manufacturfrom West 34th Street to West 59th Street and from 10th Avenue to JOH TFDUPS BOE DPOUJOVFT UP CF B NBKPS USBOTQPSUBUJPO IVC 1FOO 4UBUJPO UIF the Hudson River. The area is one of many in the city that has been Lincoln Tunnel, the Port Authority, and shipping depots for Fedex and UPS. up-zoned; it was projected to receive a inﬂux of new 28 million sq feet of ofﬁce space and 12,000 new housing units as possibly new Kartik Desai, Toru Hasegawa subway and commuter rail service. Students were asked to model Rothstein Studio, Fall 2004 future scenarios for the entire area and then focus on providing G

MANHATTAN: LINCOLN TUNNEL

A site at the trafﬁc entry to the Lincoln Tunnel epitomized rem- tunnel vectors were laced into the building plan. nants of the city grid that are being newly considered for housing. Economic pressures have made formerly overlooked sites into Philip Speranza, Won Jung TQFDVMBUJWF EFWFMPQNFOU TUVEFOUT XPSLFE PO B TJUF UIBU CSJEHFE Marble Studio, Fall 2000 the tunnel entry and spanned a city block. Transit patterns and the H

MANHATTAN: THE BOWERY

The Bowery is an important site in the city’s housing history; at of new upper income development such as Nolita Place developed by the Carthe opening of 20th Century it included a dense array of “ﬂop lyle Group sited immediately adjacent to our site. The site was a more formally houses” and SRO’s. Students worked with Common Ground constrained inﬁll site. Community in renewing the design and programming as well as economic feasibility of a new form of very low-cost short-term Robert Kraus, Kyle Matthews housing. GSAPP studies of the Bowery included an examination Marino Studio, Fall 2002 I

MANHATTAN: THE LOWER EAST SIDE

The Lower East Side at Avenue D forms a hard line between some IPVTJOH TJUFT BOE XJUIJO B GSBHNFOUFE BOE SBQJEMZ SF EFWFMPQJOH BEKBDFOU of the New York’s largest and contiguous Public Housing Develop- neighborhood. The site included an existing elementary school. ments and the rest of the city. Students re-designed a full city block with an option of inﬁlling or removing existing buildings. The proj- Kimberly Nun, Andrew Payne ect placed GSAPP students opposite the centrally planned public Bell Studio, Fall 2003

183

COLUMBIA PROJECT ON HOUSING F

184 since the establishment of the Federal Housing Act of 1937, do indeed exist. spond to and sustain the mix of constituents the city often historiThey have, however, achieved a mythic status—something brutally real, but cally idealized, and made central its identity? Is there a new left also in fact more emotionally complex and spectacular in the public imagina- for architecture, or has the crisis of post 9/11 security infantilized tion than the facts of their existence reveal. What would public housing be, if the former social crises of the left, and created a city of new nonwe imagine that we are indeed preparing it for the ﬁrst time? Despite the facts of its existence, public housing has never been what

security/security? Parallel Conditions: in an era of globalization has it has long

many imagined and believed public housing should be. Attacked at its out- been clear that within each first world condition lies a third set as quasi-Socialist, public housing in the United States has never found world milieu. New precincts of populations are not participating easy acceptance in the United States except as an anti-market zone—a last in the new fluidity and tributaries of wealth. Like those nations resort. Instead of serving as transitional housing, it has instead often been that have not participated in the first tier of wealth, these interfabricated as a generation’s long separate society that isolates its constitu- nalized zones, though hosted by the first world, do not receive ents—racially and demographically—in precincts embedded within—but the benefits of the first world prosperity. How do these zones in separate from—the urban site that hosts these federal works. What can be the United States reveal themselves in the context of non-U.S. learned from those that have lived in this realm, withstood the circumstance sites, and what can the U.S sites learn from this growing popuof intense interiority, sustained in the most public of ways. Is it possible that lation and its conditions? a far wider group of people—citizens of the top tier first world—is indeed now living in a new form of un-intended public housing? Not one that eas- Quadrant 4: Prevention rather than Remediation ily appears as centrally planned, constructed or monolithic in its constitu- The current Housing Studio has situated its work in the context ency, but one is in fact produced by distributed but still centrally organized of both an actual and imagined former Housing Studio—and in means—and one that is increasingly produced between tremendously pub- the context of numerous regimes of power that might be more lic processes, massive market systems, yet intends to house the most private easily addressed in schools of law or public policy, but it has aspects of life.

done so not to justify our work artiﬁcially or to bring extra-architectural qualities to our design practice. It has been an attempt

Quadrant 2: Where was public housing? Where could it be in the future?

to develop a theory of space and practice that could address a

Between 1937 and 1968 the United States built public housing in each major larger picture of how poverty/wealth issues are changing globAmerican City.

ally—and to examine both what housing programming would

The greater bulk of this housing was built in the North East and Chica- look like if the legal or ﬁnancial aspects were better addressed. go—forming a belt of public housing in the United States that today is being It has also been an attempt to organize the studio both in relation re-evaluated on all fronts.

to the school’s location in New York City, but also in response

What shape demonstrates the locations and contexts of a new lower- to the wider world in which New York City situates itself today. middle class working poor in the United States? How do we understand This question seems to be the key that would allow the Houstheir economic conditions in relation to income—to variables such as housing Studio to re-affirm its relation both to New York City and to ing ownership and location, but also to conditions such as assets, commut- its own history, by bringing advocacy back to design, within a ing time, energy costs per household? What “New Map of Public Housing” tough market driven not only by the New York City economy, but might exist if these sites were conceived in contemporary terms: urban one that is now global. We believe the Housing Studio has the public housing locations become sub-urban; federal government financial potential to stand as more than a New York City studio. Does the structures became privately based and demand new performance. The new history of social equity that strongly affects the studio offer a public house/ing is situated in three zones and is no longer created against lever that can become unique in the school? In addressing this the overt images of urban life, overt poverty, or an urban population. It does question the Housing Studio increasingly finds itself tending toappear next to current public housing in urban situations, but it also is now wards themes or prevention rather than remediation; towards situated in the U.S. south, in the southwest and mid-west—it is situated in situating its work within emerging ideas of public health, enthe wider American edge city and appears in at the conflation of broadly ergy use and natural resources rather than responding to quesurban technologies and the intimate aspects of private space. It shows up tions of injustice after they occur or of poverty after it has done in the form of countless market rate housing units/houses that are subsi- its damage. To do this the studio is increasingly substantiating dized via income tax deductions on mortgage tax; It is the site of a new its relations to planning, but also to public health and law, and working poor Quadrant 3: Post-Ethical City: A new site for Architects and a Difficult new Terrain. As market practices are continually naturalized, valorized, and un-tethered from 19th and 20th century critiques based in themes of equity or moral and ethical judgment, upon what grounds does the production of the Post-Ethical city base itself? The primary counter-arguments for the free market city of the 20th Century—in the U.S. or Europe—were largely based within socialist or Marxist philosophies; these, of course, constituted a basis from which to challenge those deemed to be morally irresponsive, or unworthy of the gains tendered by market systems. Power derived from disproportionate aggregations of capital or non-responsive or non representative forms of a state was understood as morally inferior—and worthy of critique if not outright reorganization. The weaker constituents might suffer and fail at this task, yet withholding their anger, expressing indignation, remained a tool for showing moral superiority over those who maintained un-due and unjust power and possibly to hinder their progress. As financial systems increasingly naturalize power within unchallenged domains of monetary techniques, is there a role for indignation by which the non-moneyed can assert power against the economically mighty? What does this imply in terms of the long-term demographics of world cities? In his introduction to Looking for a City in America, Kurt Forster offered a view of the city where one could expect inequality to be addressed, if not solved: “The physically compact historic city,” wrote Forster, “has long been considered the crucible where the alchemy of new multiracial and multicultural life could take hold; but the reality of inner-city conditions in the United States has rarely been able to sustain these hopes.” How does the Post-Ethical city re-

to a wide range of experts who could serve as consultants.

COLUMBIA PROJECT ON HOUSING

185

QUEENS: ARVERNE BY THE SEA

"SWFSOF CZ UIF 4FB B BDSF PQFO TUSFUDI PG DJUZ PXOFE QSPQFSUZ TJUFE rent to the city’s RFP and sought a new form of housing that could oceanfront on the Rockaway Peninsula in New York City. In 2002 property at address the history of public housing and a need for new forms of Arverne by the Sea was released by the city 34 years after the property was housing development and design. The new development sat on cleared. A public private partnership ofﬁcially mandated as an upper middle- the cleared and now partial dune-scape at the beachfront. income development was launched amid three types of subsidized/public Ian Dunn, Aaron Hockett housing. GSAPP students provided planning and design for the site concur- Bell Studio, Fall 2001 K

QUEENS: THE BLAND HOUSES

The Bland Houses are sited on the edge of a primarily Asian neighborhood and producing housing for NYCHA to its Bland Houses site. XJUIJO UIF XJEFS EFNPHSBQIJD PG 2VFFOT UIF NPTU SBDJBMMZ BOE FUIOJDBMMZ Ji Young Kim, Yea Hwa Kim diverse county in the United States. Queens represents a shift in the Housing Rothstein Studio, Fall 2006 4UVEJP T SFDFOU GPDVT PO .BOIBUUBO BOE #SPPLMZO BOE JU CSPVHIU NPSF SFDFOU demographic shifts in the New York City population to the forefront of studio work. The studio asked students to add market rate housing as a new version of income L

BROOKLYN: BROWNSVILLE AND PROSPECT PLAZA

Brownsville and Prospect Plaza are located in central Brooklyn. The Prospect NPUJPO BOE EJTQMBDFNFOU PG UFOBOUT XIJMF BMTP UBLJOH QBSU JO BO Plaza site was the ﬁrst and only Hope VI project initiated by the New York City expected resurgence of the neighborhood and what appeared to Housing Authority. The students entered the project at mid-point: one of four be an inevitable gentriﬁcation. existing public housing towers had been demolished and a new market rate William Arbizu, Randall Holl housing tower was proposed. GSAPP students examined the history of public Marble Studio, Fall 2005 housing and its mid-1990’s transformations in policy and design and sought an alternative that could keep public housing at its original density and resist de-

186 K

187 URBAN PL ANNING

INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING Lance Freeman Fall 2006, Spring 2007

179 HOUSING Many issues related to housing have vexed planners the plethora of housing data available publicly in order and policy makers for decades. Why is there a short- to assess housing market conditions in a particular loage of affordable housing? Should everyone be guar- cality. With these skills students are better prepared anteed a right to decent housing? What is decent hous- to formulate effective housing policies. ing? When, if ever, should the government intervene in the provision of housing? Does rent control really keep rents affordable? Should policymakers concern themselves with what type of neighborhoods people reside in? Introduction to Housing provided students with the analytical skills to address these and many more difﬁcult questions dealing with how to house our diverse population. Students learned to analyze and interpret HISTORY/ THEORY

MODERN HOUSING AT THE MILLENIUM Gwendolyn Wright Fall 2006

179 HOUSING Housing has been a prime site for experiments

This seminar explored a range of contemporary ar- the elderly in Amsterdam, elegant townhouses in

throughout the history of modern architecture. It chitectural experiments, built and unbuilt, mixing stu- Tokyo, dense family kampungs in Djkarta, and social is—and has always been—at once a universal need dents in the M.Arch. Housing Studio with those from housing in Johannesburg. and a diverse panoply of forms; everyday spaces of fa- other programs and departments. Students examined miliar routines and daring explorations of potential (if 20th-century histories of “modern housing,” looking as yet unrealized) forms and social relations ranging at trends, parallels, conﬂicts and shifts. They considfrom unique buildings to mass-produced products that ered a range of scales from the body, privacy, the room might serve multitudes. While the basic premises of and wall to the larger enclave of services, productionmodernism remain intact, the ideas, interpretations, systems, regional landscapes, diverse nations, social and formal expressions have of course evolved. And groups and related issues. Locations and topics exyet, at certain fundamental levels, architects must tended from expansive urban lofts to minimalist SRO’s also heed continuities.

in the U.S., barrios in Caracas, low-rise enclaves for

URBAN PL ANNING

AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Michael Skrebutenas Spring 2007

179 HOUSING If your only tool is a hammer, then every problem looks return for the investor class, we can increase the pro- an ability to manipulate the ﬁnancing to like a nail, says the expression. Our national mania is duction of affordable housing. Planners have become reach equitable goals. This ﬁeld is chalto liberate ourselves from the tyranny of public con- social entrepreneurs looking for leverage and for a re- lenging and requires a broad array of trol; everything from prisons to social security should turn on our capital investment. Are we so insecure in skills and it is worthy of educational purbe privatized. Anything in the realm of the public sec- our profession that must use the language of MBAs? tor is oppositional to an entrepreneurial ownership

suit. But is our current production model

For planners to throw up their hands at the enormity the most efﬁcient and democratic way to

society because the private market can do everything of the task and walk away would be shameful. We have address a genuine failure of the market better, faster and cheaper.

an obligation to create a just and equitable city, not one

Our solution to the affordable housing crisis we face that only offers an array of ﬁne restaurants and leisure in this country, according to the current orthodoxy, is activities. To build housing for families, the homethrough market driven, supply-side solutions. This is less, the sick and disabled requires a full embrace of the work of the private sector; if we create a ﬁnancial the work, a thorough understanding of the policy and

188 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

HOUSING THE MILLIONS: RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN NEW YORK CITY, 1910-1940 Andrew Dolkart Spring 2007

179 HOUSING Most New Yorkers live in buildings that were either cussions, neighborhood walks, and seminar reports, built or substantially redesigned in the early decades we examined the apartment buildings, garden apartof the twentieth century. Despite this fact, little serious ments, row house alterations, and other residential research has been undertaken on this period. Books buildings erected for all classes of New Yorkers, in have been written about the stylistic development of the Mahnattan as well as the other boroughs, and exam19th-century row house, about the early development ined the housing and zoning laws, social and cultural of the apartment building, and about the mansions of developments, and stylistic trends that characterize the wealthy, about “reform” housing, but not about the this period. Rather than discussing reform housing or housing types that typify most New York neighborhoods. the development of public housing, about which there This seminar explored residential architecture and is relatively extensive literature, the class focused on neighborhood creation and re-creation between 1910 speculative housing erected through private or instiand the beginning of World War II. Through class dis- tutional investment. CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 3

HOUSING: AND David Turnbull, critic Fall 2006

179 HOUSING The master signiﬁer ‘&’ organized the discourse of the studio. The conceptual formulation of the studio was based on the notion that habits of design in relation to the category of HOUSING in the CITY continue to be structured by the idea that DENSITY is good and urban CONTINUITY is necessary. Equally important was the assumption that radical and conservative responses to the ethical dilemmas posed by economic globalization, ecological crisis and technological transformation are being resolved in the same direction, namely that regardless of its speciﬁc formal and material attributes all growth must be SMART, contained, dense, and continuous with its adjacent territories, built and un-built, next to or below. Housing design is always concerned with ADDING, more ‘homes’, ultimately more of everything to the point where the idea that there is a category of architectural design that can be called HOUSING becomes redundant. If it were not too unmanageable this studio would have been called “the design of exceptional ‘anywheres’ that can be lived in, that collectively accuA

mulate into ‘somewheres’ that work like and look like something that is more or less recognizable as a city,

which may or may not be dense and continuous, but which encourages and supports the economic and cultural productivity that persistently engenders an urbanity of manners, effects and mores.” Harrison Blair, C/D John Cerone, E/F Jessica Dobkin, A/B Amy Finley Benjamin Howell Christine LeVasser Patrick O’Connor

189 C

Fernando Pando Julie Peng, C/D Elizabeth Sennott Jordan Trachtenberg, E/F Ammr Vandal, A/B Tom Wu

URBAN PL ANNING STUDIO

HOUSING: BROADWAY TRIANGLE STUDIO Lance Freeman, critic Spring 2007

179 HOUSING In northern Brooklyn, three very different social, cul-

a coherent residential neighborhood, a

tural and ethnic neighborhoods converge at the Broad-

place people will call home.

way Triangle, an area between Williamsburg, Bedford

The studio extensively researched

Stuyvesant, and Bushwick. This formerly vital manu-

the physical conditions and the demo-

facturing site is characterized by vacant, derelict and

graphic, economic and social character-

underutilized property. Due to the declining nature of

istics of the area in order to formulate a

the Triangle and the urgent need for affordable hous-

vision statement to guide a proposal for-

ing, this site is a prime area for redevelopment. The

mulation process. The vision statement

Broadway Triangle has the potential to be a thriving

focused on the need for affordable hous-

place to live and work; a formerly underutilized his-

ing on the site, the need for economic de-

torical manufacturing area could be transformed into

velopment and services to complement the future residential development and

190 the need for an urban design master plan. The affordable housing proposal included recommendations to rezone city-owned property in order to maximize the number of affordable housing units. The economic development plan focused on supporting existing businesses and industries that are currently thriving and attracting additional services to the Triangle. The urban design guidelines focused on creating a comprehensive image for the Triangle, promoting street life, pedestrian activity and a reasonable balance between places of business and recreation centers.

Rimma Ashkinadze Basha Estroff Virginia Cava Myriam Figueroa Maggie Grady Julie Greenwalt Christopher Hayner Sara Levenson Sonal Shah Jezra Thompson

URBAN PL ANNING

NEW SPACES OF HOUSING: RE-STRUCTURING THE DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN OF PUBLIC HOUSING Michael Bell and Michael Skrebutenas Fall 2006

179 HOUSING Between 1996 and 2001, with declin- available, to constituencies that are struggling in the and making visible the complex set of other social criing subsidies for low-income and pov- face of surging market forces. erty rental housing in the United States,

The seminar attempted to forecast and reveal con-

ses that result from instable housing. Students took as a case study the city of Bridge-

more than 51,000 federal public housing stituencies at risk and to show this in parallel to a wide port, CT. Their work was assembled to form an adviunits were razed or converted to mar- range of world constituencies. Students examined how sory document for the Bridgeport Housing Authority. ket rate ownership housing. The scope low income and poverty housing initiatives could expand Students had the opportunity to continue their work and speed of this transformation in U.S. their leverage and legitimacy by responding to housing through independent research and propose a scheme housing parallel conditions in emerging needs with preventative techniques. The ultimate goals for redevelopment as a prototype for the Authority. economies worldwide, where the safety were to re-engage New Deal housing issues on a wider net of public or state assistance is also national stage, parallel to a world stage, and to explore not available, and indeed has never been methods of preventing housing crises by elaborating

191 CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS/STUDIO 3

HOUSING: REVERSE THEN FORWARD Michael Bell, critic

179 HOUSING At its inception c. 1975, the GSAPP’s housing studio responded to the way New York City was portrayed in the 60's and 70's as a "city in crisis.” The "crisis" portrait almost universally linked issues of poverty to issues of housing and of race, to characterizations of crime, and ultimately to urban life itself. During the past decade, however, the role of the designer, the architect, and the planner all have changed dramatically—both literally in terms of the forms of what they produce, but also in the content of what they are called to react to. Faculty and students have opened a wide range of questions whereby New York’s contemporary issues of

housing and urban life are re-established as parallel tions in emerging nations and emerging economies Kyo Seon Hong, E without strong histories of government action against Andrea Johnson, A

to or covalent with global questions of housing.

This studio considered Queens County as a housing poverty. The possibility of preemptively staving off cri- Dong-Suk Lee, E site and then established Queens as a parallel zone to sis drove much of the studio’s interest in what powers Megan Meyers other world sites. Queens is outstanding in its diver- lie in architects’ hands.

Micah Roufa, A

sity of housing types, race, income, etc., in its demo-

Mateusz Tarczynski, B

graphics and patterns of recent immigration, and in Yong-Sung Ahn

Jieun Yang, C

the enclaves of constituencies developed in the past Margaret Andrews, D 25 years. As U.S. federal aid has shifted dramatically Mehmet Bozatli, B since 1995—and precipitously in 2005 and 2006—stu- Nathaniel Carter, D dents were asked to think about US housing for low Milan Dale, A income and poverty situations as it relates to situa- Jonathan Gonzalez, C C

192

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 3

THE/EXO/STRUCTURES OF HOUSING: UPSTATE/QUEENS, NEW YORK Laura Kurgan, critic Fall 2006

179 HOUSING The United States is in the midst of a decades-long experiment in mass incarceration. The costs—in lives

and in money—are enormous. Hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake in dozens of our largest cities. In many of them, public funding is consumed at the rate of a million or more dollars each year to incarcerate people from a single city block. There are two million people in prison, and three million people in public housing in the United States today. Have prisons become the mass housing of our time? Building on a data-driven ‘Million Dollar Blocks’ project in the Spatial Information Design Lab, this studio tried to re-direct attention from the prisons in which inmates are housed toward the places in the city to which former prisoners return. Prisons now make up a sort of urban exo-structure, far away and yet integral to the city spaces whose population they house. After thirty years of massive investment in prisons, what

193 sorts of new re-investments in housing can we imagD

ine for these cities?

The studio’s work was optimistic. With the right catalysts, things can change—incrementally, or even radically. Terri Chiao, B/C Jane Estrada, A Deborah Grossberg, B/C Laura Lee John Lloyd Tommy Manuel Danielle Radel Jonathan Rushmore Maria Tiliakos, A Kirk Tracy Allison Weinstein, D/E Ray Williams, D/E

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 3

LOT-EK HOUSING Ada Tolla + Giuseppe Lignano + Thomas de Moncheaux, critics Fall 2006

179 HOUSING “When Your house contains such a complex of piping, The goals of this studio were: to radicalize and instru- the city. The conception, construction, and corruption ﬂues, ducts, wires, inlets, outlets, ovens, sinks, refuse mentalize the relationship between the mechanical and of these systems at urban and domestic, public and indisposers, hi-ﬁ reverberators, antennae, conduits, the social, the infrastructural and the architectural; to timate scales, led to a new understandfreezers, heaters—when it contains so many services deploy the technological artifacts of infrastructure to ing of housing and the relationship bethat the hardware could stand up by itself without any interrogate architecture; to use the social or operation- tween housing hardware and software, assistance from the house, why have a house to hold it al qualities of architecture to complicate and corrupt between social-political constituencies up? When the cost of all this tackle is half of the total seemingly neutral or purely functional infrastructure. outlay (or more, as it often is), what is the house doing

and service-mechanical components.

Students obsessively and meticulously researched

except concealing your mechanical pudenda from the six infrastructural systems (HVAC, power, water, park- Johnna Brazier, A/B stares of folks on the sidewalk?” —Reyner Banham, A Home is not a House, 1965

ing, communication technology, waste management) Jennifer Chung and the ways in which they mediate, operationally and Natalie DeLuca spatially, between the apartment, the building, and Georgia Ewen-Campen A

194 C

Jill Fehrenbacher Mark Green, C/D Tat Lam Sang-Hwa Lee Judy Lo Brian Manning-Spindt Richard Moore, C/D Annemarie Scheel, A/B Sid Wichienkuer Gladysa Vega-Gonzalez

CORE ARCHITECTURE/STUDIO 3

HOUSING Scott Marble, critic, with Adam Marcus and Keith Kaseman Fall 2006

179 HOUSING 139 FABRICATION

The studio was structured around three phases: 1. CNC RESEARCH 2. WORKING BETWEEN SCALES—SITE STRATEGIES 3. DESIGNED ASSEMBLY The goal of phase 1 was to understand the organizational and logistical implications of integrating CNC technology into production processes. By looking outside of the architectural discipline into other industries that have a longer history of implementing CNC processes, students could speculate on how similar advancements in architecture could potentially reorganize the profession into one of greater efﬁciency and

195 innovation. The emphasis of the research was less on what is produced and more on how CNC can reorganize flows of materials, time, capital, labor, and other inputs into the production process, thus suggesting a new, more empowered role for the architect to produce innovative architecture. Phase 2 emphasized site strategies developed around new definitions of modularity. Historically, in the context of housing, the size of the (prefabricated) module was inversely related to the degree of design innovation largely because design became subservient to the economic and logistical concerns of factory production. The studio challenged this historical trend by embedding design within these concerns. Phase 3 was based on designed assembly, a strategy of designing component parts that structure the logic of a larger assembly, and was driven exclusively by working on physical models generated in the fabrication lab from files extracted from computer models. Sahar Baghaii Skye Beach Mark Bearak, B/C

Steven Caputo, A Jordan Dickinson

Joshua Draper, E Nambi Gardner Dora Kelle, B/C Kihyo Kim, D Hanuy Park Megan Prior, D Katherine Scott, A Bret Quagliara Joseph Vidich, E

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 3

HOUSING Karla Rothstein, critic, with Diana Martinez Fall 2006

179 HOUSING Immediacy implies rapid and direct reactions and rela- sometimes wild journey pursuing assotions, and the inevitability of abrupt changes of course. ciations between intellectual enterprise It embodies afﬁnity, necessity, fragility and intercon- and spatial strategy. nectedness of situations, together with the collapsing

Design requires an ability to con-

or re-conﬁguring of boundaries across multiple scales ceive things never before experienced, and deﬁnitions.

an acute awareness of nuances in the

The temporal insistence of immediacy demands the everyday—a propensity to contemplate conﬁdence to think out loud, the liberty to produce and and cope with complex issues, coupled interact with fresh ideas… to innovate… to create and with a perpetual desire to shape new celebrate both spatial and non-spatial possibility. A

realities. We grapple with and transform

Here, research and experimentation probe myr- ideas, information, emotion, and mateiad sources and shapes through a multifaceted and rial—simultaneously. We assert that

196 concept, form, and content all matter, and are inter- vividly unorthodox without undermining a discerning related rather than at odds.

social pragmatism.

Propelled by the exhilarating and sometimes bewildering immediacy of our everyday lives, together with New York City’s imperative for new housing, a sense of urgency permeates all aspects of the studio. Work necessarily encompasses huge scalar shifts from the most intimate and enduring provisions of kinship to the instant, dramatic, global reach of digital networks—establishing new relationships among space, time and culture. These synaptic conduits of exploration foster projects that are innovative and

Suzan Babaa Erin Beaupre Samuel Grenader, E Sarita Gunaratna, A Ji Young Kim, C/D Yea Hwa Kim, C/D Eun Lee Catie Liken Avik Maitra, B Jennifer Preston, B Christopher Shelley, A Rachel Stigler, E

197

SPATIAL INFORMATION DESIGN LAB (SIDL) Research Lab

Laura Kurgan,

Sarah Williams, directors

The Spatial Information Design Lab is a think- and action-tank at Columbia

The Spatial Information Design Lab was created in 2004, as

University specializing in the visual display of spatial information about con- an interdisciplinary research unit in the Graduate School of Artemporary cities and events. The lab works with data about space -- numeric chitecture, Planning and Preservations at Columbia University. data combined with narratives and images to design compelling visual pre- The goal of the Lab is to make partnerships with people and orsentations about our world today. The projects in the lab focus on linking ganizations inside and outside of the University. We are most insocial data with geography to help researchers and advocates communicate terested in research that requires the independence and rigor of information clearly, responsibly, and provocatively. We work with survey and an academic setting (free of the usual politics and pressures of census data, Global Positioning System information, maps, high- and low- real life situations), and which thrive in an atmosphere of open resolution satellite imagery, analytic graphics, photographs and drawings, inquiry, experimentation, and risk-taking, in order to expand along with narratives and qualitative interpretations, to produce images. Spatial Information Design is a name for new ways of working with the vast quantity of statistical and other data available about the contemporary city. By reorganizing tabular data using unique visualization techniques, and locating it geographically, we try to correlate disparate items of information and picture the patterns and networks they create. Putting data on a map can open new spaces for action, and new options for intervention, as the often-unseen shapes and forms of life in the city becomes visible. Design, here, is less like a tool and more like a language, a practice that shapes the outcomes and understandings of the things we do. It is not simply an aesthetic prejudice. The ways in which we present ideas and information can sometimes be even more important than the material itself, for better, or more commonly, for worse. The words and pictures we choose make a difference to the way people, including us, imagine their own possibilities of responding to what we say and do.

the ways in which data is collected, used, and presented.

198 A

GRAPHICAL INNOVATIONS IN JUSTICE MAPPING

The United States currently has more than 2 million people locked ter have created maps of these “million dollar blocks” and of the city-prisonup in jails and prisons. A disproportionate number of them come city-prison migration ﬂow for ﬁve of the nation’s cities. The maps suggest that from a very few neighborhoods in the country’s biggest cities. In the criminal justice system has become the predominant government institution many places the concentration is so dense that states are spend- in these communities and that public investment in this system has resulted in ing in excess of a million dollars a year to incarcerate the residents TJHOJmDBOU DPTUT UP PUIFS FMFNFOUT PG PVS DJWJD JOGSBTUSVDUVSF FEVDBUJPO IPVTof single city blocks. When these people are released and reenter ing, health, and family. Prisons and jails form the distant exostructure of many their communities, roughly forty percent do not stay more than American cities today. three years before they are re-incarcerated.

The project continues to present ongoing work on criminal justice statis-

Using rarely accessible data from the criminal justice system, tics to make visible the geography of incarceration and return in New York, the Spatial Information Design Lab and the Justice Mapping Cen- Phoenix, New Orleans, and Wichita, prompting new ways of understanding

SPATIAL INFORMATION DESIGN LAB (SIDL)

199

the spatial dimension of an area of public policy with profound implications for of the Spatial Information Design Lab, which can then be applied American cities.

to real life policy initiatives through work with the JFA Institute. Re-

Million Dollar Blocks is the ﬁrst of a series of projects to be undertaken by ciprocally, input from state and local leaders is then brought back SIDL, as part of a two-year research and development project on Graphical to the Design Lab for further development. This feedback loop is Innovation in Justice Mapping. The project, generously supported by the JEHT a valuable tool resulting in new methods of spatial analyses and Foundation and by the Open Society Institute, activates a partnership among ways of visually presenting them that reveal previously unseen the Justice Mapping Center (JMC), the JFA Institute (JFA), and the Columbia Uni- dimensions of criminal justice and related government policies in versity Graduate School of Architecture, Planning & Preservation (GSAPP). This unique partnership enables the Justice Mapping Center to reﬁne ana-

states across the United States. The results of this collaboration have transformed the project

lytical and graphical techniques within the research and teaching environment into multiple formats and forums for exhibition.

200 B

201

SPATIAL INFORMATION DESIGN LAB (SIDL) D

ARCHITECTURE AND JUSTICE

SIDL won a competition in the spring of 2005 run by the Architectural League of own limits to transform its very deﬁnition. The Lab proposed “ArNew York to mount an exhibition and run a scenario planning workshop within chitecture and Justice” which exhibited the ﬁrst year’s work of Milits gallery space. The League put out a call for “Architecture and … .” The three lion Dollar Blocks, and was on view from September 15–October dots stood in for something extraneous to architecture that pushed beyond its 28, 2006 at The Urban Center, 457 Madison Avenue. C

ARCHITECTURE AND JUSTICE: SCENARIO PLANNING WORKSHOP

The form of intervention most commonly accepted by a range of people working health and human services, socio-economic, land-use, and archion re-entry, is “Justice Reinvestment.” This is understood as an effort to reori- UFDUVSBM XIJDI XPSLTIPQ QBSUJDJQBOUT VTFE UP FYQMPSF QPTTJCMF ent criminal justice and related government agency operations and resources scenarios for a particular series of “million dollar blocks”. around speciﬁc places in the city. More simply put, how might we save state

Brownsville in Brooklyn was the focus of the workshop, both be-

money spent on prisons, and redirect that money where it is most needed, in the cause it is one of the highest prison and jail migration areas in the poorest urban areas of our cities? We hosted a Justice Reinvestment Scenario City and because it is the focus of current efforts by local housing Planning Workshop facilitated by the Global Business Network that brought to- developers (Common Ground) and technical assistance specialgether local government agency leaders, technical assistance specialists, com- ists (Family Justice) to establish more successful ways of resettling munity developers, architects, and urban planners to explore the possibilities homeless and reentering populations. We took into consideration of policy and design in a single neighborhood. It was our hope that the experts BT XFMM UIBU #SPXOTWJMMF JT QBSU PG B MBSHFS VSCBO JOJUJBUJWF UIF we had gathered around the tables in the space of the exhibit would contribute Jail Discharge Planning Initiative that the Department Of Correcto taking the project from analysis to suggestions and proposals for possible fu- tions (DOC) has been undertaking in partnership with the Departtures for Justice Reinvestment in the City.

ment of Homeless Services(DHS) over the last three years.

The Workshop itself took place over the course of one day. It was structured BSPVOE UIF QSFTFOUBUJPO PG B WBSJFUZ PG EBUB DSJNJOBM KVTUJDF IPNFMFTTOFTT D

LINKING PRISONER REENTRY TO COMMUNITY REBUILDING IN POST-KATRINA NEW ORLEANS:

In the summer of 2006 SIDL received a grant to further their work in Justice architecture students in the studio in the spring of 2007. Work is still Mapping into a real world application at an architectural scale. A group of ﬁve in progress, and we are making a presentation to City Council in graduate students received fellowships to travel to New Orleans with Profes- New Orleans in June 2007. Initial stages of this work were exhibited sor Kurgan to come up with a vision plan for Central City New Orleans from at the 10th Venice Biennale in the summer of 2006. the perspective of Justice Reinvestment. This work was continued by 2nd year

202 E

PRISONER RE-ENTRY & WORK

Over the last year SIDL has been working with Sudhir Venkatesh of the drugs, tend to navigate through more neighborhoods in the city and perSociology Department to understand the employment geography of for- form the activity farther from what they consider their home base. They merly incarcerated people as they return home. Last summer the team are much more mobile than their counterparts who have legal jobs or no worked together to survey roughly twenty recently released people to work at all, and leave their neighborhood more often. Our spatial analyrecord their trajectory in the city as well as their activity every hour of sis is surprising in that it establishes that illegal activity does not isolate the day until 30 days after their release. Each location and activity was formerly incarcerated people in their neighborhood, but rather, in some mapped and coded.

ways offers them the opportunity to leave. This relationship can be seen

Once mapped, spatial analysis enabled a better understanding of the in the four images below. Each image represents a reentering person and geographic relationship formerly incarcerated people have with their his or her spatial relationship to “work.” It is clear that the formerly incarcommunity/neighborhood. The research team decided to focus on the cerated person who describes his or her work as “illegal” traverses a formerly incarcerated person’s relationship with work. Do the reentering much larger portion of the city. people work in the neighborhood they return to? Do they ﬁnd work in

Another preliminary ﬁnding of the spatial analysis is that formerly in-

communities that have similar demographics to their own? Do they look carcerated people have strong ties between two or more neighborhoods. for work in communities with similar characteristics as their own? How In other words the formerly incarcerated don’t just think of their neighborfar away do formerly incarcerated people travel for work? Do these peo- hood as where they live, but rather, as just one in a series that binds them ple perform illegal work, and if they do, is it close to home or far away? Many results emerged from our work. A good example is this one: the

to the city. The team is currently seeking funding to survey a larger group of re-

majority of existing canonical research hypothesizes that illegal activity entering populations in order to illustrate the signiﬁcance of the patterns happens closer to the homes of those performing that activity. In contrast, discovered thus far. our maps revealed that those engaged in illegal work, such as selling

SPATIAL INFORMATION DESIGN LAB (SIDL)

203

ENVISIONING GATEWAY

The Spatial Information Design Lab and the Urban Landscape Lab part- tional Airport in the midst of the hustle and bustle of New York, one of the nered with Van Alen, National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA), largest urban areas in the world. and Tiffany’s to help develop a competition for Gateway National Recre-

The report positions Gateway in global, national, regional, and local

ation Area, located in Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Sandy Hook contexts. It examines Gateway’s potential role in relation to the larger netNew Jersey.

work of National Park Service lands and its signiﬁcance as an ecological,

Working together the two Labs prepared a report that offers back- cultural and recreational resource. The teeming numbers of people and ground information and analytical work for designers, planners, stake- wildlife that visit the parklands attest to its great necessity and success. holders and politicians in hopes of inspiring proposals that could trans- However, it faces political, managerial, and funding challenges, decayform the future of Gateway National Recreation Area. Gateway has a diverse estuarine wildlife habitat that serves over 330

ing physical infrastructure, and threats to its ecological integrity. The Envisioning Gateway competition and report generated a sub-

bird species, and vital ﬁsh and shellﬁsh breeding grounds. It is an im- stantive dialogue on what it means to be an Urban National Park today, portant stopover for migratory birds traveling on the Atlantic Americas and how to create a new interface between one of the most vital cities in Flyway. This unique urban ecosystem is a mere 50-minute subway ride the world and its immediate environment. from Times Square and is situated next door to John F. Kennedy Interna-

204

LAST PAGE OF SIDL LAB Laura Kurgan, Sarah Williams. The Spatial Information Design Lab is developing a Transporta- Research Associate: (8 PAGES) tion Base Map/Model of the City of Nairobi, Kenya—for Colum- David Reinfurt Directors:

NAIROBI SYSTEMS RESEARCH

bia’s Earth Institute. The model will be used to evaluate current Tse-Hui Teh, MS AUD, 2006 transportation systems in Nairobi as well as to help the future Li-Chi (Richard) Wang, MS AUD, 2006 development of this system. The model will be used to help mea- Research Assistants: sure current urban systems, while also attempting to estimate Cressica Brazier, M. Arch Candidate 2008 future ones.

Monica Bansal, MS UP 2007 James Connolly, PHD Candidate, Urban Planning Serena Deng, MS UP & MS Public Health 2007

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) INFRASTRUCTURE

Ann Foss, MS UP Candidate 2008 Madhavi Jandhyala, MS AAD 2007

The Spatial Information Design Lab continues to work towards Leah Meisterlin, M. Arch Candidate, MS UP 2006 developing the GIS Infrastructure at GSAPP as well as the larg- Christopher Simi, Bachelor of Arts, Major Urban Studies, 2007 er Columbia community. Within the GSAPP the Lab has orga- Research Fellows in New Orleans: nized weekend workshops geared to the speciﬁc needs of Archi- Candy Chang , MS UP 2007 tectural studios, it has also re-structured the GIS data server to Andrew Colopy, M. Arch 2006 provide better access to schools collection of spatial data, and Derek Linder, M. Arch 2007 the Lab has continued to purchase important new spatial data Leah Meisterlin, M. Arch Candidate 2009, MS UP 2006 sets. Finally new tutorials on recent innovative topics have been Julia Molloy, M. Arch 2007 added to the GIS web site, www.arch.columbia.edu/gis/

Consultants:

SIDL has also continued work as a member of a University- Eric Cadora, Director Justice Mapping Center wide committee responsible for addressing Columbia University’s community wide GIS needs. Over the past year this com- SIDL has been supported by Columbia’s Academic Quality Fund, the Open mittee has surveyed how other Ivy League schools address GIS Society Institute, and the JEHT Foundation, The Architectural League of infrastructure while also performing a self-survey. SIDL was also New York and National Parks Conservation Association(NPCA)& Tiffany’s instrumental in creating a new database tool that helps the Co- Co. ; New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommulumbia community ﬁnd the location of GIS ﬁles across campus.

nications (DOITT) whom provided the 311 data; and Columbia Universities Earth Institute. This past year SIDL has worked with the Justice Mapping Center, The Harlem Children’s Zone, Common Ground Community, and National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA) & Tiffany’s Co., New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DOITT).

UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLAINERS: NYC 311 CALL COMPLAINTS.

Interaction with digital information has become part of daily life. We analysis, however, the biased complaints can be checked against other sources: leave traces of data about ourselves everywhere we go. When we for example high numbers of rat complaints are strongly correlated when overswipe our subway card, information is left about our travel patterns. laid onto a health code violations map. When we use our cell phones, information is kept about where we

This study maps New York City’s noise complaints. Noise complaints in Man-

used the phone, for how long, and at what time of day. When we con- hattan are typically found in neighborhoods that have a variety of commercial, nect to internet hubs, the volume of our use as well as what we visit- residential, and retail uses. Neighborhoods in transition also tend to have higher ed is recorded. Mapping these data traces allows us to visualize the noise complaints - as new uses begin to clash with the old and vice versa. A dynamic ways that people interact with the urban environment.

great example of this is the Alphabet City in Manhattan Lower East side. Over

A database of unique traces has been made available to the the last 10 years this neighborhood has had a radical transformation. Once MBC GPS TQBUJBM BOBMZTJT DBMM DPNQMBJOUT /FX :PSL $JUZ FTUBC- considered a blighted neighborhood, Alphabet City is now a prime location for lished the 311 call system for non-emergency and governmental trendy restaurants and bars. The contours on the map show noise levels in Decalls. That means if New York citizens have a complaint, instead cember 2004. The graph on the left illustrates the number of people living in the of calling 911, they call 311. Calls that require some kind of service area next to the level of complaints. The information is recorded as if you were are logged by location and time. Calls come in about everything walking down Avenue A - one of Alphabet City’s main commercial streets. from dead birds and potholes to juvenile loitering and noise con-

The lab has used this dataset both in teaching spatial analysis to Urban De-

trol. Mapping these complaints tells us about a certain status of sign students, and to further our research and development of tools, representaDVSSFOU DPOEJUJPOT JO UIF DJUZ BMCFJU B CJBTFE POF 6QPO TQBUJBM tional techniques, and communication strategies for the mapping of spatial data.

205 URBAN PL ANNING PH.D. PROGRAM

INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THREE CASE STUDIES OF SMALL AND LARGE FIRMS’ RESPONSES TO INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRAINTS IN PAKISTAN’S EXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRIES Nausheen H. Anwar

This study examines the impact of poor infrastructure mance and adds a new perspective by examining the access to supportive institutions, capital, and position on industrial performance in developing countries responses and strategies of SMEs. The impact of poor within the supply chain. SMEs at the lower end of the such as Pakistan. The main research questions are: infrastructure was revealed in the extensive losses supply chain bore a disproportionate burden of poor How does unreliable infrastructure affect the pro- in productivity faced by large firms and SMEs. Firms infrastructure and struggled to strategize. The findductivity of large firms and small and medium enter- managed to overcome constraints by deploying novel ings refute policymakers’ perception that SMEs are a prises (SMEs) competing in global markets? Do SMEs strategies, the most effective of which entailed a col- homogenous group with a coterminous demand for inrespond differently to the adverse impact of an unre- laborative process among firms, local institutions, and frastructure services. The findings also suggest that to liable service? Using three case studies the disserta- government, generating direct benefits for firms and develop successful alternatives local institutions play tion provides evidence that the conventional approach positive spillovers for the production network. How- a key role, building partnerships between small firms overlooks. It builds upon a new body of work (Gulyani ever, in contrast to large firms novel solutions were and government and providing better infrastructure. 2001) that establishes at the micro-level a clear con- not easily attainable by individual SMEs. These were nection between infrastructure and industrial perfor- predicated on the interaction of several factors: SMEs’ URBAN PL ANNING

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Sumila Gulyani Fall 2006

018 ACTION Starting with old and new theories of infrastructure develop a robust analytical framework and an underand its links to economic development, this course standing of the political economy of infrastructure covered cross-cutting themes in two types of economic policies, provision, and service delivery. infrastructure: water supply and electric power (with some discussion of transportation issues). Drawing on international case studies and with a special focus on developing countries, the course examined: (a) demand from ﬁrms and households; (b) supply and delivery structures, and options for ﬁnancing; and (c) current approaches to addressing infrastructure problems. The course provided an introduction to infrastructure economics, but the emphasis was on helping students HISTORY/ THEORY

DISCURSIONS, II: INTERFACES, NEW MEDIA, AND THE ARCHITECTURE MACHINE GROUP Kazys Varnelis Fall 2006

258 NETWORK The Architecture Machine Group—precursor to the hypermedia experiences that anticipated the web. The

The seminar was held in collabora-

MIT Media Lab—was founded in October 1967 by MIT group’s research turned the computer into a spatial tion with the Institute for the Future of architecture professor Nicholas Negroponte to create machine that was user-friendly and fostered creativity the Book and fed into the Network Aran “architecture machine” that would help architects and design as part of the everyday experience. design buildings. The Architecture Machine would be

chitecture Lab’s full-time research on

This research seminar set out to revisit this criti- the project throughout spring and sum-

an active partner—intelligent, capable of learning, cal moment in the relationship between architecture mer 2007. Publication is intended both and able to understand human idiosyncrasies such and computation while pioneering new media proto- online and in collaboration with a major as hand gestures. While this original vision was never types. Students explored the work of the Architecture university press in 2008. fully realized, in the process the group developed far Machine Group, developing their research within new more signiﬁcant user interface ideas, such as spatial forms of authoring such as the Drupal online content and graphic forms of organization that would serve as management system and the Institute’s Sophie authe basis for the Mac desktop as well as interactive and thoring software.

206 URBAN PL ANNING STUDIO

INTERNATIONAL STUDIO Georgia Sarkin, critic, with Joyce Rosenthal Spring 2007

MDG Miches, Dominican Republic: Environment, Society, Development Devanne Brookins Matthew Crosby Jennifer Ewing Nasozi Kakembo Kristin Niver Diana Pangestu Francisco Rodriguez Humberto Rene Salinas Michelle Tabet Caitlin Warbelow Sharon Weiner

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

TRANSFORMATION OF/IN ARCHITECTURE: INTERPRETATION AS AN AESTHETIC AND INTELLECTUAL PROJECT Jorge Otero-Pailos Fall 2006

This course was an introduction to the art of transforming architecture. One can only transform what exists already. But where and how does architecture exist? Its existence cannot be reduced to buildings, drawings, writings, or ideas; it exists simultaneously in all these domains and is expressed differently in each. This seminar was structured as a survey of the key moments or “formations” of the Modern era in which these ideas coalesced, including Determinism, Materialism, Expressionism, Psychologism, Formalism, Phenomenology, Analysis, Structuralism, Critical Theory, and Deconstructivism. Beginning with these existing architectural formations, we explored their transformation through interpretation. The objective of this course was to familiarize students with the theory and practice of interpretation as both an aesthetic and an intellectual project. Gordon Matta Clark, Splitting, 1974

207 BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM: DESIGN 3

NEW YORK COUNTERBALANCE: SPATIAL STRATEGIES FOR CIVIL INTERVENTION Keith Kaseman, critic Fall 2006

When the city is being overtly developed for the super-

Upon immediate departure into the semester, stu-

wealthy, what proactive strategies can be developed dents were tasked to develop a physical construct that and deployed speciﬁcally towards the advantage of realized and demonstrated real forces at play through New York’s remaining citizens?

a limited menu of materials. Each construct was rigor-

This studio set out to provide an array of speculative ously documented, analyzed and speculatively propaanswers to this and myriad other associated questions gated through physical iterations on the construct with the operative premise that the best example is an itself, new versions and re-iterations, and associated example. The intent was to attain a high level of clarity diagrams and drawings. This allowed for the developthrough the systematic deployment of tactical thought ment of an active yet value-free vocabulary of actionand precise action towards the development and clear oriented terms that enabled the diagram to enhance conveyance of productive architectural strategies.

and inform the interwoven constructs, and vice-versa. Ultimately, this phase of work served to generate a

208 D

catalog of numerous terms and questions on the one hand, and operational tactics on the other. This collec-

tive catalog served as a springboard to clarify proposals in and around the wake of developer-driven proposals adjacent to McCarren Park, Brooklyn. Eleonora Encheva, A/B Patricia Ebner, C/D/E

BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE Madeline Schwartzman + Monica Tiulescu, critics Spring 2007

209 B

Lidia Bardhi, C Christianne Dawis, D William Davis, E George Spaeth, A Peter Valeiras, B

HISTORY/ THEORY

This course traced the development

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

of the European city from antiquity to

Daniel Sherer Spring 2007

the threshold of the Industrial Revolution. Focusing on the conﬁguration of architecture in urban space, students charted the evolution of the city through a complex series of exchanges between typological, morphological, and topological factors.

210

JAPAN LAB FOR ARCHITECTURE Research Lab

Yoshiko Sato, director

Kunio Kudo, founder and chairman Kisho Kurokawa, board chairman

BACKGROUND

Lecture and Exhibition, the Tadao Ando Lecture, and the Kisho Kurokawa Ex-

Since 1931 Columbia University has built a ﬁrm foundation in hibition and Lecture in the 1991-1992 academic year. The Columbia/BCS joint the ﬁelds of Asian and Japanese studies. Over the past half-cen- research on the Japanese construction industry and the publication of “The tury, the study of Japanese civilization at Columbia has been Japanese Construction Industry—Its Tradition and Future” was also sponcomplemented by anthropological studies and by the work of sored by the JAPAN LAB. the East Asian Institute, as well as by the more recently created Donald Keene Center for the Study of Japanese Culture. It is against this background that The Columbia JAPAN LAB for Architecture and Culture (formerly known as the Headquarters for Japanese Architectural Studies and Advanced Research) was established in 1988 within Columbia’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation. The Headquarters has been serving to focus on Japanese architectural studies and to complement the overall range of advanced cultural research at

HISTORY OF SPACEFLIGHT, FINLEY-HOLIDAY FILM CORP

CATALOGUE COVER

the university. Support for JAPAN LAB has been based on donations from

such sources as Nikken Sekkei, the Seiko Co. Ltd., TOTO Ltd., The Columbia Headquarters for Japanese Architectural Studies and Adand the Building Contractors Society (BCS). With the help of vanced Research these supporters, JAPAN LAB has sponsored the Nikken Sekkei Exhibition (1989), with its publication “Nikken Sekkei - Building

POSTER

Modern Japan 1900-1989” (Princeton Architectural Press, 1990), Lecture announcement for “Kisho Kurokawa” which detailed the modern development of Western architecture in Japan; the Hasegawa Itsuko Lecture and Exhibition, and the

EXHIBITION PHOTO

Toyo Ito Studio (1991). It has also sponsored the Kazuo Shinohara History of Nikken Sekkei

211 A

212 E

BODY FORMS: FASHIONING PERFORMANCE ATTIRE FOR THE 2008 BEIJING OLYMPICS OPENING CEREMONY, 2007-2008

JAPANESE POP-TECH INTERFACE OF FUTURE LIVING: FROM SCI-FI ANIME, CAPSULE HOTEL, AND ROBOTICS TO THE 21ST CENTURY SPACE TOURISM, 2008

This timely project, to be run parallel to the Visual Studies 15 years after Japan’s post-war economic bubble burst, a new economy has courses during the Fall 2008 semester, offers Columbia archi- re-emerged on the global stage as a streamlined system driven by eco-tech tecture students and recent graduates a unique opportunity to industries. Its new economic direction is founded upon the need for energy participate in a spectacular global event working on the design research, environmental awareness, social intelligence, global communicaof the costumes for the 2008 Beijing Olympics opening ceremony tion, and human interaction and is breaking away from the burdening catto be presented on August 8th, 2008 (8/8/8) at 8 p.m. in the “Bird’s egories, theories, and over-specialization of its post-war system into new Nest” Olympic Stadium designed by Herzog & de Meuron. Under modes and tactics based on interdisciplinary collaborations. the opening ceremony’s design team of ﬁlm director and chief

Since the end of World War II, the evolution of technology in Japan has cat-

Zhang Yimou, set designer Mark Fisher, special effects artist alyzed the emergence of pop culture as the singularly most pervasive and inCai Guo-Qjang, and adviser Steven Spielberg among others; ﬂuential export of Japanese culture. Manga animations and robotics encapthe program, design, and production milestones will be estab- sulate both the futuristic sci-ﬁ fantasies and commonplace attitudes toward lished by the event’s costume director, Eiko Ishioka.

technology, which are now widely accepted as neither purely utilitarian nor

Reﬂecting the celebratory spirit of the Olympics’ and Beijing a threat to human existence. Welcoming the assistance and companionship 2008’s three main themes—Green Olympics, High-Tech Olym- of these new technologies, contemporary Japanese society is integrating and pics, and People’s Olympics—our work is intended to support encouraging innovation to improve the lifestyles of Japanese youth, assist the needs and of the 45-minute choreographed performance and its rapidly-aging population, sustain the natural environment, and explore investigate the human body’s most intimate architecture and fu- space as an alternative living environment. ture potential of its clothed form.

The JAPAN LAB, in collaboration with the Japan Society of New York, will

Dynamically alternating between phases of research, de- organize a lecture series and a symposium focusing on the interface between sign, critique, and production, the outfitted presence of the cer- Japan’s design avant-garde and its technology and popular culture which is emony’s cast and crew will be developed and detailed head-to- a particularly unique phenomenon playing an increasingly critical and influtoe to service the physical and dramatic spectacle. Paramount ential role in envisioning humanity’s future living environment. are the wardrobes’ physical and visual amplification as live and televised performances from the grand size of the stadium to intimate scale of the bodies up close will be considered. The lab will serve as a platform for discussion, testing, and speculation on future technology, human needs, the global environment, and beyond.

2008 BEIJING OLYMPIC NATIONAL STADIUM, HERZOG & DE MEURON

I-UNIT, TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

CANADIAN SPEED SKATING OLYMPIC UNIFORM, EIKO ISHIOKA

213

214 HISTORY/ THEORY

TRADITIONAL JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE Kunio Kudo Spring 2007

210 JAPAN The history of architecture, one of the most durable topic worthy of such an approach. The Japanese have and fundamental facets of cultures, provides valuable developed their art depending on feeling rather than perspectives on cultural histories on the earth. Apart reason. Reason itself is formed from feeling. Their from agriculture, architectural production is one of quest in art is to realize what nature desires to be. the most basic forms of social interaction requiring Their effort is of phobia level reaching to the ontologithe institutional organization and mobilization of ar- cal ground. Pristine tectonic and feeling of nature go tisans and general workforce. An examination of the together hand by hand to create authentic “economy” degree to which architectural production is system- of fabrication. atized in any given historical period provides essential information concerning the level of social satisfaction, centralization of power and ideological dominance in a given society. The history of Japanese architecture is a HISTORY/ THEORY

JAPANESE URBANISM Lynne Breslin Spring 2007

210 JAPAN Using an interdisciplinary approach, this seminar ex- strategies for penetrating cities, were juxtaposed with plored Japanese urbanism and Tokyo. Urban theories, art and subjective registrations. history, geography, ﬁctions, ﬁlms, sociology, and anthropology, along with cultural critiques, helped situate the more personal experiences of the metropolis and the new “global city.” In considering the formation of urban/geographical entities, their infrastructure, and the underlying ideologies of this urban construct, students also attempted to uncover the mechanisms of the development of collective identities and individual reconciliations. Theoretical readings, traditional

FINAL DESIGN REVIEW JURIES Fall 2006

Peter Cook, Mark Wigley, A Mitch McEwen, Ana Miljacki, Don Shillingburg, B

215 Karla Rothstein, C Thomas de Monchaux, D Janette Kim, Laurie Hawkinson, Mitch McEwen, Ana Miljacki, Eric Cadora, Don Shillingburg, Laura Kurgan, Rick Bell, Scott Marble, David Reinfurt, Lize Mogel, Sarah Williams, E Thomas Leeser, Ada Tolla, F Peggy Deamer, Avi Talyas, Laurie Hawkinson, Bill Massie, Phillip Anzalone, John Nastasi, Scott Marble, Barry Bergdoll, G Thomas Leeser, Enrique Walker, Mark Rakatansky,

Lise Anne Couture, H

Jeffrey Kipnis, Peter Cook, I Victor Body-Lawson, J Felicity Scott, K Preston Scott Cohen, Jeffrey Kipnis, Hernan Diaz Alonso, L Andrea Kahn, Linda Pollak, M

216

Richard Olcott, A

Kathryn Dean, B Paul Byard, C Galia Solomonoff, Lauren Kogod, Yoshiko Sato, Joe MacDonald, D Alex Loyer Hughes, John Lobell, Scott Marble, E Craig Konyk, Paul Byard, F Janette Kim, G Kate Orff, H David Smiley, Felicity Scott, Robert Beauregard, Albert Pope, Mark Wigley, Kate Orff, Brian McGrath, I

217

Hernan Diaz Alonso, Peter Cook, J Peggy Deamer, Barry Bergdoll, Laurie Hawkinson, Reinhold Martin, John Nastasi, Bill Massie, K Peggy Deamer, L Mark Wigley, Reinhold Martin, Laura Kurgan, Yoshiko Sato, M Peter Cook, Mark Wigley, William Menking, Lebbeus Woods, N Viren Brahmbhatt, Peggy Deamer, Yoshiko Sato, Karla Rothstein, Michael Bell, Tina Manis, Adam Dayem, O Sandro Marpillero, P Rick Bell, Lize Mogel, Laura Kurgan, Mitch McEwen, Q

218

Albert Pope, A

Helene Furjan, B Aaron Hockett, Scott Marble, Laurie Hawkinson, Laura Kurgan, Bill Massie, Albert Pope, Christian Uhl, C Jorge Otero-Pailos, Sunil Bald, Paul Byard, Gabriel Merigo Basurto, Zack McKown, Paul Bentel, Belmont Freeman, Mark Dwyer, D Abby Feldman, E Yolande Daniels, Reinhold Martin, Alicia Imperiale, Kenneth Frampton, F Eric Bunge, David Gissen, Lisa Eckert, Franco Mantalto, Abby Feldman, John Hnedak, Sarah Williams, G Kenneth Frampton, Guido Zuliani, Carla Leitao, Karl Chu, Marta Caldeira, H Benjamin Prosky, Jeannie Kim, Michael Kubo, Kazys Varnelis, I David Benjamin, Soo-in Yang, Adam Greenﬁeld, Fred Tang, Michael Reed, Kevin Slavin, J Timothy MacDonald, Michael Bell, Mark Wasiuta, K Michael Young, Jamie Palazzolo, Scott Marble, Mark Wigley, Fred Levrat, Mitch McEwen, Phil Parker, L

219

Jürgen Mayer H., Tina DiCarlo, Marc Kushner, Matthias Hollwich, Enrique Walker, Jeremy Barbour, M Mark Rakatansky, Sarah Whiting, Galia Solomonoff, N David Benjamin, Mark Wigley, Benoit Durandin, Helene Furjan, François Roche, Hernan Diaz Alonso, O Yolande Daniels, Kenneth Frampton, P

220 Q

Mark Wasiuta, Lynn Rice, Reinhold Martin, Rachely Rotem, Fred Levrat, Brendan Moran, Q Viren Brahmbhatt, Albert Pope, Karla Rothstein, Ana Miljacki, Cynthia Barton, R

FINAL DESIGN REVIEW JURIES Spring 2007

Hani Rashid, A Mark Cousins, B Thomas Leeser, C James Tichenor, Steve Sanderson, Soo-in Yang, Kazys Varnelis, D Yehuda Safran, Kenneth Frampton, David Leatherbarrow, Laura Kurgan, Mark Wigley, Jeannie Kim, Alice Chun, E

221 F

Joshua Walton, James Tichenor, Steve Sanderson, F Michelle Fornabai, Garrett Finney, Mark Morris, G

Michelle Fornabai, Marc Tsurumaki, Jeffrey Johnson, Alessandra Ponte, H Dan Sherer, Carla Leitao, Jorge Otero-Pailos, I Bradley Horn, Marta Caldeira, J Reinhold Martin, Scott Marble, Karla Rothstein, K Joshua Walton, James Tichenor, Michael Kubo, Scott Marble, David Benjamin, L Hernan Diaz Alonso, Peter Eisenman, M Hunter Tura, Will Prince, Mark Wigley, David Reinfurt, Reinhold Martin, N

222

Mark Wasiuta, Giuseppe Lignano, Ada Tolla, Guy Zucker, Joel Sanders, A Reinhold Martin, Kazys Varnelis, Jeannie Kim, Michael Bell, Mark Wasiuta, B Dana Karwas, Phil Anzalone, Yehuda Safran, Mark Rakatansky, C Margaret Arbanas, Ellen Gertzog, Jeannie Kim, Marc Tsurumaki, Irina Verona, Ed Mitchell, Anne Keenan, Enrique Walker, Ana Miljacki, Jason Long, D Phillip Anzalone, Scott Marble, Felicity Scott, Mark Rakatansky, E Laura Kurgan, Tina Manis, Leslie Gill, Alice Chun, F Christian Wassman, Mark Wigley, Galia Solomonoff, Enrique Walker, Thom Mayne, G Soo-in Yang, Kazys Varnelis, Andrew Zago, Matthias Hollwich, H

223

Frederic Levrat, Laurie Hawkinson, Yvonne Farrell, Aoibheann Ní Mhearáin, David Benjamin, Conor Skehan, I Jeffrey Kipnis, Bernard Tschumi, Enrique Walker, Dominic Leong, Mark Wigley, J Reinhold Martin, David Benjamin, Scott Marble, Mark Wasiuta, Jeannie Kim, Pier Vittorio Aureli, Kazys Varnelis, Michael Bell, K Mark Morris, Charles Eldred, Kathryn Dean, L Jeffrey Kipnis, Sarah Whiting, Bernard Tschumi, Steven Holl, Winka Dubbeldam, Paula Tomisaki, Yoshiharu Tsukamoto, Enrique Walker, M Kazys Varnelis, Felicity Scott, Jeffrey Johnson, Jeffrey Inaba, Bjarke Ingels, N

224 Jeffrey Johnson, Tao Zhu, Olympia Kazi, Adam Hayes, Dan Wood, A Lynn Rice, Eric Howeler, Joeb Moore, Tina Manis, Marc Tsurumaki, Ada Tolla, B Guido Zuliani, C Tim Love, Karen Fairbanks, Kathryn Dean, Yoshiko Sato, Karla Rothstein, Wendy Jacob, Michelle Fornabai, D Mark Wigley, Kenneth Frampton, Laura Kurgan, Jeannie Kim, Alice Chun, E Reinhold Martin Studio Final Review, F

225

JKLM O

Rosalie Genevro, Noah Chasin, Michael Haggerty,

Yoshiko Sato, Ed Keller, O

David Abramson, Norris Henderson, G

Benjamin Bratton, Peter Eisenman, Mark Wigley,

Michael Bell, H

Emmanuel Petit, P

John Hartmann, Joel Sanders, Mark Wasiuta, I Jeffrey Inaba, Jeannie Kim, Daniela Fabricius, Ed Keller, Benjamin Bratton, J Ed Mitchell, K Reinhold Martin, L Leslie Gill, Tina Manis, Laura Kurgan, Yolande Daniels, Shantel Blakely, M Dennis Dollens, Ana Maria Duran, Brian McGrath, Felicia Davis, Mojdeh Baratloo, N

226 Joel Towers, Kim Yao, Phillip Parker, Karla Rothstein, Q Enrique Walker, Thom Mayne, R

URBAN PL ANNING

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: PLANNING, POLITICS AND PRACTICE Jason Corburn Spring 2007

This course explored the political, scientiﬁc, eco- claims of environmental injustices from the local to nomic, legal, and cultural impacts of environmental the international level. The course also explored the justice (EJ) and risk analysis. Through theoretical and impact that community-driven actions, particularly practical readings, detailed case studies, media con- those aimed at addressing adverse health and entent analysis, and an exploration of social movements, vironmental impacts in communities of color, have the course examined how claims of environmental in- had on the political, legal, and cultural landscape of justice are intertwined with the politics of race, class, environmental politics and risk. Case study topic arand gender inequalities, as well as cultures of science, eas included urban air pollution, community land use technology, and risk assessment. The course analyzed planning, clean water access, occupational safety, and the political implications of research into dispropor- international development. tionate environmental impacts, EJ litigation under the Civil Rights Act, and policy responses to address ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

KAZAKHSTAN STUDIO Jeffrey Inaba, critic Spring 2007

Dear President Nazarbayev,

tal forms. As a result, Kazakhstan is a manifesto of innovation, unique today for its investment in content as

We are a group from Columbia University who recently much as in form. visited your country because your cities are a testa-

Your cities have been a source of inspiration. We

ment to something that we, belonging to a school of have learned from the content of your nation-building architecture, thought was no longer possible. You have strategies palpable in your urban monuments. The shown that architecture can be produced where Poli- architecture that springs forth from these strategies tics and Technology work hand in hand. Because you has inspired formal concepts for our own work. The believe in the function of Politics, you have urged ar- project we have created embraces Diagonal, Yurt, chitects to conceive of buildings with content in mind. Circle, and Gold. At the same time, you have equipped Kazakhstan with

To communicate the synthesis of Politics and Tech-

the Technology to explore a wide range of experimen- nology we encountered in Kazakhstan, our project at-

227 tempts to similarly forge information and affect. Since geo-politics and large-scale architecture are often abstract when they are not witnessed in real life, we have chosen to produce an installation so that these qualities of Kazakhstan may be experienced as a built, sensate environment. For your enjoyment, please ﬁnd enclosed some pictures of our ode to your fair nation. Sincerely, Kazakhstan Studio Spring 2007 Alejandra Bartlett Christopher Booth Yi-Kuan Eddie Chou Jamison Guest Karla Karwas Jane Lea Christopher Lewis Christa Mohn Maria Rivas G. Michael Rusch Janine Schneider Noah Sherburn Tatiana von Preussen

HISTORY/ THEORY

ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Nicholas Quennell Spring 2007

Is landscape the space left over between and around buildings, or are buildings simply objects to decorate the landscape? Should buildings be subsumed to the natural world, or should they dominate it? This course explored these questions by examining the relationship between buildings and the land upon which they are sited. It was intended as a general introduction to landscape architecture for architects, touching upon the various factors that inﬂuence the design of buildings in the landscape, as well as the design of the landscape itself.

228

URBAN LANDSCAPE LAB Research Lab

Kate Orff, Director

The Urban Landscape Research Lab is an interdisciplinary ap- models for waste handling and processing. Issues are explored through joint, plied research group at Columbia University in the City of New interdisciplinary Studio formats, and through funded research projects in York. We focus on the role of design in the analysis and transfor- partnership with scientists, government agencies, and community activists. mation of the joint built-natural environment, and study ecologi-

A parallel goal is to evolve the design disciplines at the GSAPP in re-

cal processes and urban systems as hybrid phenomenon through sponse to current environmental contexts and technologies, and to marshal targeted pilot projects, practical strategies, and experiments.

the design expertise of the GSAPP toward the engagement of policy makers

This landscape/ecology-based approach to urbanism brings and the public in the reshaping of the 21st century urban landscape. together a wide range of disciplines such as architecture, landscape architecture, urban design, preservation, civil engineering, conservation biology, economics, climate, and public health, to focus on specific environment & development issues as they relate to built form. Our teaching and research interests share common objectives: to effect positive change in the urban landscape in terms of biodiversity, climate change, water quality and access, waste, and sanitation. We focus on the physical design of infrastructures, landscapes, and dense urban fabrics as change agents in a collaborative, interdisciplinary working model that involves feedback, exchange, and monitoring efforts with scientists and engineers. Projects range from retrofitting existing patterns of land settlement with habitat and wildlife corridors, to the public reclamation of brownfields and restoration of wetlands, to green roofs and heat island effects, to the visualization of new development

URBAN LANDSCAPE LAB

229

URBAN LANDSCAPE LAB ORGANIZATION

ENVISIONING GATEWAY

The Lab is currently working with SIDL as a key partner in the National Parks as an ecological, cultural and recreational resource for the region. Conservation Society's effort to revitalize Gateway National Park, a 26,000 acre The study delineates future directions for the Park's transformarecreation area in the NY-NJ harbor under Federal jurisdiction. The project ex- tion and is targeted towards both decision makers and the publicplores what it means to be a national park today, and how to create a new inter- at-large. Van Alen Institute was integrated into the process and face between one of the most vital cities in the world and its immediate environ- subsequently hosted an international design competition. These ment. Our research involves mapping critical habitat, transport, and historic efforts have been underwritten by the Tiffany & Co Foundation. fabric, among other components, and explores the larger potential of Gateway

230 B

URBAN LANDSCAPE LAB

231

NATURE NOW

In October, as part of the Gateway Competition, the Lab hosted a university evolution of the National Park Service, and the converging ﬁelds of wide symposium titled NATURE NOW that focused on the role of urban parks in design, science, technology, and art to engage new realities and imagining new relationships, cultures, and habitats. Scientists, geographers, to drive landscape change. The eminent scientist and writer Dandesigners, historians, and park managers convened in Wood Auditorium to iel Botkin, author of No Man’s Garden: Thoreau and a New Vision discuss the current state of New York’s urban landscape and the potentials and for Civilization and Nature and Catherine Mosbach, a celebrated challenges of Gateway. Speakers addressed the nature of New York City, the landscape designer from Paris, served as a keynote speakers.

232 D

233

URBAN LANDSCAPE LAB D

THE WATER STUDIO

As part of the larger re-framing of Gateway, in the fall semester of 2006, the Craft of the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance, Franco Montalto of Urban Design Program focused on the issue of water as regional infrastructure. the Earth Institute and other scholars and scientists specializing in The semester kicked-off with a boat trip up the Hudson River to Yonkers, and water related and environmental issues. The semester concluded motored all the way down to the Jamaica Bay Estuary in order to see the dy- with a diverse range of design-driven, research based projects namics of environment and development in play along the New York shoreline. that generated substantive debate and discussion on urbanism, In addition to faculty, hydrologists, lawyers, ecologists, National Park Rangers, water and the future of the New York region. and other experts accompanied the group. Invited visitors to the studio included Barry Sullivan, Superintendent of Gateway National Recreation Area, Robert Goldstein of River Keeper, Rob Pirani of the Regional Plan Association, Carter

234 E

URBAN LANDSCAPE LAB

235

AUDUBON DESIGN GUIDELINES

The Lab, through a grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, directed the built environment; convey the ecological, economic, ethical and production and publication of Bird Safe Building Design Guidelines in col- legal justiﬁcations for bird conservation; advocate a series of prelaboration with the NYC Audubon Society. As researcher Daniel Klem has ventative and rehabilitative strategies, and describe precedents observed, collisions occur “wherever birds and glass coexist,” although night for regulatory initiatives and explore new glazing technologies. lighting, transparency to vegetation indoors or to sky beyond, and the mirroring They are intended for use by architects, landscape architects, of adjacent habitats are primary indicators of potential strikes. As the popularity planners, glass technicians, building manager, the construction of glass as a building material continues to rise in urban and suburban areas, it industry, state and federal agencies, and the general public. becomes ever more urgent to ﬁnd ways to mitigate this impact on neo-tropical migrants, a population already in severe decline due to habitat loss and other factors. The Guidelines examine the apparent causes of bird mortality in the

236 HISTORY/ THEORY

LANDSCAPE, INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERVENTION Kate Orff Fall 2006

228 LANDSCAPE Given that topography and ecology are two topics that design practice; and to introduce landscape thinking increasingly impinge on the ﬁelds of architecture and into students’ design vocabularies. urban design today, it may be argued that landscape

A parallel objective of the seminar was to begin

in the broadest sense of the term begins to assume a to develop a shared language and historical narranew stature as a design discipline, both literally and tive based in an understanding of the urban territory metaphorically. This is particularly apparent where as landscape, and to create a ground for practice that landform and built form are combined in infrastruc- recognizes, as Robert Somol puts it, “the proliferation tural interventions at an urban or regional scale. This of the urban everywhere.” To this end, student preseminar aimed to explore how the physical, mate- sentations of urban landscape projects punctuated the rial, and conceptual understanding of landscape discussions on readings and guest lectures. can enrich current forms of architectural and urban

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

THE POSSIBILITY OF A COLLECTIVE LANDSCAPE: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE LANDSCAPE PROJECTS BY SIGURD LEWERENTZ IN SWEDEN Ingrid Campo-Ruiz Kenneth Frampton, advisor Spring 2007

Architect Sigurd Lewerentz (1885-1975) was the author equality rules for the gravestones, no matter the con- architect is in the freedom to choose how to respond of ﬁve landscape projects for cemeteries in Sweden dition of each individual. The value of the individual is to these circumstances. and co-designed Stockholm’s Woodland Cemetery with hitherto subordinated to the collective. Gunnar Asplund. Given the Swedish political turmoil of

Lewerentz was committed to the working place, Sigurd Lewentz, Cemetery Sweden

that time, what stance do these projects take regarding and his scarce writings mostly refer to technical probthe relationship between the individual and landscape? lems. To address the political implication of his work, Does the possibility of a collective landscape exist?

it was necessary to analyze the circumstances sur-

Lewerentz proposed a series of relationships be- rounding his legacy. The focus of this research was to tween the individual and landscape that critically re- address the possibility of a collective landscape emsponded to controversies of the Swedish socio-politi- braced in the projects by Lewerentz, by analyzing the cal realm: the power and freedom of the individual and sites and the circumstances under which they were his right to property. Lewerentz established a set of produced and considering that the autonomy of the

237 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

DUNSINK URBAN LANDSCAPE Kate Orff, critic Spring 2007

228 LANDSCAPE For many designers across a range of disciplines and scales, landscape has emerged as a model for thinking about contemporary urbanism. This studio aimed to test modes of imagining, building, and occupying new urban forms relative to landscape thinking and to engage in designing a large piece of territory in Ireland at the historical moment that the modes of economic production, cultural traditions, and urbanism are rapidly changing. Strategies of dispersal, open-endedness, emergence, concentration, porosity, edges, programming, and phasing were considered alongside concrete design interventions.

The challenge of this project was to invent hybrid architectural landscape and urban settlement pat-

terns that work in tandem with an idea for the reclamation of Dunsink Mound—a former landﬁll—and the surrounding district. Students devised framework strategies and staged interim occupations for a prolonged and opportunistic recovery of this place as a working landscape, a place to live, and a public works project in process.

Jacob Ackerman, D Saad Alayyoubi Mecayla Bruns, A/C Christopher McAnneny Rodrigo Piwonka, B Swati Salgaocar Tiffany Schrader-Brown, C Natalie Smith Katrina Stoll

238 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

This course was an introduction to legal mechanisms

PRESERVATION LAW

that protect historic resources in the built environment.

Dorothy Miner Fall 2006

The focus was on the legal principles underlying preservation laws, including the constitutional issues relating to governmental regulation or real property. Federal state and local historic preservation laws and their complementary relationships were studied in the context of relevant environmental and other land use laws.

REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

The objective of this course was to investigate the

REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT LAW

legal concepts and issues involved in real estate de-

Nansi Friedman Spring 2007

velopment by looking at the development of the law of property. Students explored both its historical roots and current issues of ownership and use of real property. The course focused on easements and other nonpossessory rights, involuntary transfers, co-ownership and concurrent ownership, deeds and titles, and purchase and sale agreements.

VISUAL STUDIES

LIGHT, MATERIAL AND PERCEPTION Linnaea Tillet Fall 2006

This course addressed the manipulation of artiﬁcial light and materials to recreate interior space. Students participated in the conceptual design, construction and installation of a temporary lighting system for the rotunda of Low Library in celebration of the 125 year anniversary of the GSAPP. The emphasis was on changing the feeling of the total environment and achieving maximum effect with minimal equipment and energy usage.

239 VISUAL STUDIES

LIVING ARCHITECTURE David Benjamin + Soo-in Yang Fall 2006, Spring 2007

240 LIVING In the past ﬁfteen years, some of the most vibrant ex-

kinds of spaces that respond to their environment in

periments in architecture have used computer technol-

real time: responsive kinetic architecture.

ogies to develop new types of geometries, with curves,

The aim of this course was to bring architecture to

facets, and non-standard shapes, and to fabricate ar-

life. This hands-on laboratory unfroze buildings and

chitectural elements directly from digital ﬁles. Some of

created functioning, interactive environments, provid-

these digital processes are now completely integrated

ing an immersive introduction to the issues of respon-

into practice while others are still being developed and

sive kinetic architecture and the techniques of design-

redeﬁned. Building on these investigations, a new type

ing with electronic circuits. Students built a range of

of post-digital experimentation has called into ques-

exciting full-scale demonstrations using as standard

tion the “muteness and inertness” of traditional ma-

building blocks inexpensive sensors, simple micro-

terials. Recently, some architects have been using new

controllers, and shape memory alloy actuators.

technologies to explore and realize radically different

Lola Rodriguez, Orama Siamseranee, Sara Valente, Stan Vinokur, A/F Gilland Akos, Rodrigo Piwonka, Alan Tansey, Elliott Voth, B Ahmed Youssef, Mecayla Bruns, Kalina Toffolo, C Christopher Booth, John Brockway, Ingrid Campo-Ruiz, Nefeli Chatzimina, Eduardo Mcintosh, D Kirk Tracy, Shih-Yen Wu, Richard Bednarczyk, E

240

LIVING ARCHITECTURE LAB RESEARCH LAB

David Benjamin + Soo-in Yang, directors

A WORKSHOP FOR PROTO-TYPING RESPONSIVE TECHNOLOGIES Political and cultural conditions change: what if the walls and windows morphed in response? Air and water quality ﬂuctuate: what if a cloud of light hovering above the river modulated its color as a public display of contamination? Demands for occupation of space shift across days, seasons, and years: what if traditionally mute and inert building materials appeared and disappeared accordingly? A dynamic world calls for responsiveness. Responsiveness in architecture calls for new systems. New and untested systems call for full-scale prototyping.

The Living Architecture Lab experiments with new systems and adaptive technologies through open source, collaborative, hands-on design. The Lab aims both to make visible the invisible forces that shape our world and to explore the potential for architecture to transform in real time in relation to these forces. Each of the Lab’s projects involves components for input, processing, and output. The components are manageable and swappable, and they range from off-the-shelf products to built-from-scratch elements. The goal is to integrate components into full-scale, functioning prototypes, and to apply new technologies and new forms of responsiveness to social and cultural issues. Yet each project is a beginning rather than an end. Alternative components can be tested and new components integrated.

LIVING ARCHITECTURE LAB A

241

242 On a larger scale, the projects are designed as swappable making a difference in carbon emissions? How do we measure the progress modules in new and existing buildings. Modules can be up- of collective and individual action? How can we tell if the air is better ingraded without replacing the entire building.

doors or outdoors? Of course, comprehensive laboratory tests for air quality

With future development in mind, the Lab publishes source already exist, but there is currently no legible public interface to this inforcode, circuit diagrams, and assembly instructions. Emphasiz- mation. During a Fall 2007 fellowship term at the Van Alen Institute, the Lab ing open-ended exploration, the Lab positions its projects as will design, build, and test a distributed network of air quality sensors with part of larger trajectories of design and construction, borrowing local and centralized displays embedded in responsive architecture. from the discoveries and technologies of others and also mak-

Living Architecture Lab research in incubation includes a co-sponsored

ing its own ﬁndings and prototypes available for re-use and project on sensor networks with Kazys Varnelis and the Network Architecture further development.

Lab at Columbia, a collaboration with Natalie Jeremijenko and xdesign: En-

The Lab builds on the methodology of Flash Research—proj- vironmental Health Clinic and Lab at New York University, and a symposium ects that involve a budget of less than $1,000, a duration of less on architecture and synthetic biology exploring the design and engineering than three months, and the creation of a proof-of-concept proof living, biological circuits such as construction materials that can suck cartotype. Precedent and ongoing research includes Living Glass, bon out of the air, and seeds that can grow into buildings. River Glow, Now We See Now, Living Architecture: Responsive Kinetic Systems Lab, and the afﬁliated project, Revolution Door. In the past year, the Living Architecture Lab has published

LIFE SIZE

the book Life Size, as well as the article “Make Visible the Invis- Life Size, by David Benjamin and Soo-in Yang, is a two-part book available ible” for This Century’s Review.

for less than ﬁve dollars. It is an open-source non-monograph that begins

Two projects proposed by the Living Architecture Lab have with student research and grows to include both open-ended instructions for recently received funding. The Graham Foundation awarded a future experiments, and an open-ended manifesto with essays by dozens of grant to “Living Room: A New Responsive Kinetic Structure with non-architects. Material Actuators.” For this project, the Lab will design, build, and test a studio apartment-sized environment that changes its size and shape according to its occupation. The project will make use of material actuators—thin, lightweight, and silent, with no motors or mechanical parts—to create a type of movement that remains relatively unexplored within the field of architecture. The Van Alen Institute awarded a New York Prize Fellowship to “Living City: A Public Interface to Air Quality in New York.” In this project, the Lab will explore a new definition of air as public space. In the context of carbon emissions, climate change, and Mayor Bloomberg’s 2030 sustainability plan, the quality of the air is an essential public issue. Yet the air is invisible. It is boundless. It is difficult to control, to share, to divide, and to observe. How will we know if congestion pricing in Manhattan is A

RIVER GLOW

River Glow is an immediate public interface to water quality. Float- water below. An enhanced prototype was developed for Innovation Lab’s Nordic ing pods measure pH and create a cloud of light that hovers above Exceptional Trendshop exhibit, and it was tested on a canal in Copenhagen. rivers or canals and changes color according to the condition of the B

LIVING GLASS

Living Glass is a thin transparent building skin that measures car- Modern Leonardos exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. It bon dioxide levels in a room and opens and closes gills to control was also demonstrated live at the PopTech conference by Blaine Brownell, ediair ﬂow. An enhanced prototype was developed for the four-month tor of Transmaterial (Princeton Architectural Press, 2006).

243

LIVING ARCHITECTURE LAB A

244 C

245

LIVING ARCHITECTURE LAB D

Recent projects include a metal-detecting handrail, a series

LIVING ARCHITECTURE: RESPONSIVE KINETIC SYSTEMS LAB of surfaces that change shape based on the sound and color of In this ongoing Visual Studies workshop, students with no prior technical the environment, a plug-and-play lighting ﬁxture that responds experience conduct experiments with technologies for input (sensors), pro- to stress in waiting rooms, and a paranoid translator that monicessing (microcontrollers), and output (actuators). Each team designs and tors speech in elevators and raises porcupine-like quills when constructs iterative prototypes and a functioning, full-scale demonstration.

it becomes alarmed.

Projects from the class—including a wall that hugs people, a field of robotic flowers that bloom according to the clothing color of people standing before them, a real-time system for audiences to vote on lectures, and a modular baseboard that responds to water on the floor by draining it automatically—were exhibited in “Emerging Talents, Emerging Technologies” at the Second Architectural Biennial Beijing. C

NOW WE SEE NOW

Now We See Now is a do-it-yourself micro-network. With low-tech modiﬁcations multiple situations in which people want information about local to motes (tiny low-cost, low-power computers with radios and sensors), the Lab environmental quality. The system offers an interface to this infordeveloped a system that anyone can deploy anywhere to measure and com- NBUJPO JU DSFBUFT B OFX UZQF PG EZOBNJD NBQQJOH BU FZF MFWFM pare air quality in a local area. It requires no infrastructure or master computer. rather than from above. Yet the maps are not conclusive results. It is an open-ended platform for deployment on the street, in a building, or at They are a starting point for further discussion and action. contested urban sites. The system is not calibrated for a single purpose or installation, and the results are not predetermined. Instead, the system is designed for D

From the catalog of “Emerging Talents, Emerging Technologies,” Second

Architectural Biennial, Beijing

246 E

REVOLUTION DOOR

The Revolution Door grew out of the work of Jennifer Broutin develop the project, and they received funding as Eyebeam Residents to and Carmen Trudell in the Living Architecture Lab’s Visual support their research. Studies workshop. The initial prototype for the class was a full-

The Revolution Door is a project to reinvent the standard revolving door as an en-

scale, do-it-yourself device that can be attached to any swing- ergy-harvesting device, which places both power and responsibility in the hands ing door as a closure assembly to locally capture and redistrib- of its users. FluXXlab, with Natalie Jeremijenko, was recently awarded a NYU Susute energy. Broutin and Trudell founded FluXXLab to further tainability Grant to install a prototype of the Revolution Door on its campus.

LIVING ARCHITECTURE LAB E

247

248 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

LOGISTICS Kazys Varnelis, critic Fall 2006

258 NETWORK Contemporary culture is deﬁned by the network (Cas- Depots dedicated to enhancing that real estate multells) and by the increasingly immaterial economy tiply like rabbits. While electronic utopia is promised, (Hardt and Negri), but such a condition is not total; interfaces to the immaterial world proliferate wildly, rather it imposes itself on existing infrastructures. ﬁlling our lives with silicon-enabled objects and an For researchers in new media, the debate between endless plethora of cables, power bricks, and loose the dominance of the real and the virtual is over, Styrofoam inserts. The Internet is hardly separable and our interest is instead absorbed by the dialecti- from the “Physical Internet”—the world of logistics cal motion between the two. While the virtual world and its contemporary sub-category of supply-chain is increasingly important—some 6 million people play management (The Economist). This global chain of the massively multiplayer online role playing game just-in-time command and control ensures that our justWorld of Warcraft alone—real estate has experienced in-time products are assembled and sent to us just-in-

a bubble of unprecedented proportions and Home time for us to consume them. The assembly of supply chains and individual obB

jects provides the key to understanding how the virtual and the real hybridize and deform under the pressure of escalating technological developments and what role architecture has in the regime of the rapidly moving, rapidly assembled object. Understanding this often surreptitious transit of things allows a response to Bruno Latour’s recent demand that we make things public, we look to the objects that are too often left out of politics. Evan Allen, B/C Ingrid Campo-Ruiz, E Benjamin Cohen Crisitina Goberna Madhavi Jandhyala Golnaz Khoei Derek Lindner Rodrigo Piwonka, A/D Matthew Worsnick, B/C

249 URBAN PL ANNING

THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO URBAN MANAGEMENT Peter J. Marcotullio Spring 2007

Global urbanization in the coming century is predicted ecosystems, for example, concludes that the world’s to be a massive force that will inﬂuence social, eco- cities are ecosystem service sinks and sources of local, nomic, political, and environmental spheres. Between regional and global environmental change. Few, if any, now and 2030, approximately 2 billion additional people urban centers are developing sustainably. The report will become urban dwellers. The activities these resi- also suggests, however, that there is no a priori reason dents will generate will bring enormous changes to the why urban activities cannot be made less burdensome natural environment that sustains us, not only at the on the environment. Part of the necessary changes will local level but also to those distant elsewheres. Cur- be a deeper understanding of the linkages between hurent urban environmental planning and management man actions and the natural environment. The Ecosyspractices have proven ineffective in addressing the tem Approach to Urban Planning and Management prohuman-nature interface, particularly when it impacts vides this promise. This course explored the potential of cross-scales. A recent global assessment of the world’s applying the approach to both theory and practice. INDEPENDENT STUDY

THE MACHINIC MANIFOLD Gilland Akos + Matthew Utley Ed Keller, advisor

The machinic is a digital journal originating from this

Young designers in New York City: Luke Dubois,

independent study that creates an open-source dia-

Dana Karwas, Roland Snooks, and Daniel Perlin,

logue on the intersection of art, architecture, and new

interviewed by Gilland Akos and Matthew Utley

media. The machinic assembles a diverse informational database and network of text, video, interviews, projects, and writing, edited by the students and a series of invited guest editors. Architecture today energetically and opportunistically absorbs the fields of new media and computation. The editorial position of the machinic is to move beyond the initial fascination with techno-media and coding in an effort to define a productive manifold space of disciplinary coincidence. The machinic manifold is a space of both practice and theory, in which topics of research are connected, articulated, and ultimately understood. Through research, intellectual experimentation, and discussion, the aim was to achieve a formulation of a revised definition of the relationships among new media, computation, and architecture, as well as a reframing of the inherent and constructed meaning emerging from the current climate of practice and culture. Through a clarification of wide-ranging topics—fields and terminology including specialization, coding, programming, emergence, form, speciation, robotics, and sound—a definition of the manifold was sought, spawning a new direction within architecture and the beginnings of a new discipline. Further information and reading can be found at themachinic.com.

250 VISUAL STUDIES

MATERIAL EXPLORATIONS Phillip Anzalone Fall 2006, Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION Newly developed computational-based fabrication techniques and tools have begun to change the relationship between design and construction. Firms such as Foster, SHoP, Piano, and of course Gehry have pioneered and taken advantage of these possibilities to develop innovative building form. An important variable in this new method of design and construction is exploring the use of CNC machinery on traditional as well as innovative materials. Many aerospace, engineering, automotive, and some architectural materials and components have been designed speciﬁcally for digital

fabrication, but the techniques have yet to be fully explored for their design capabilities. This class focused on researching and experimenting with a material or component (composites, simple assemblies, etc.) using parametric modeling and digital fabrication with such tools as the water-jet and the CNC mill as a means of developing new formal and tectonic applications. Jane Lea, John Winkler, A Tingxing Tao, B Christopher Booth, C Jordan Dickinson, Nambi Gardner, Cara Solomon, D Sana-Hwa Lee, Sid Wichienkuer, E Bret Quagliara, Skye Beach, F Deborah Grossberg, G

251 D

252 VISUAL STUDIES

MATERIAL POTENCY Alisa Andrasek Fall 2006, Spring 2007

160 GENETICS Paulo Virno deﬁnes virtuosos as “those who produce eled relationships, as a composite of design intuition, something which is not distinguishable, nor even programming, and parametric limits of particular maseparable, from the act of production itself.” Moving terials and fabrication processes. away from rigid instrumentalities on the one side and ﬁctional representational effects on the other, this Gilland Akos, Matthew Utley, Eduardo McIntosh, A/B course engaged dynamically relational assemblages Christopher Johnson, Saad Alayyoubi, C/D/E by programming variable behaviors instead of modeling. Taking a programmatic approach to generating design, students rejected precoded tools in favor of a set of more general and conceptual computational systems and their potency for material practice. By using associative parametric software, students modA

253 E

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES

MATERIALS AND METHODS IN ARCHITECTURE Vincent Lee, instructor Fall 2006

This course sought to explore an architecture that

Nathaniel Carter, A

emerges through a rigorous manipulation of materials

Chad Wyman, B/C

and their means of construction. Students conducted research on contemporary materials and methods, proposed and explored new strategies of making architecture, and directly tested these propositions in the shop. Investigations included the design and fabrication of structural members, component assemblies, and the development of new materials processes.

254 ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

This dissertation considers the problems that media

THE PROBLEM OF MEDIA IN MODERN ART AND CULTURE

poses to modern art and culture. Even though the im-

Sjoukje van der Meulen

pact of media primarily demonstrated through modern art, the term culture is added to the title to indicate the interdisciplinary aim of this thesis, which is to be relevant for the analysis of cultural objects of other disciplines as well, such as ﬁlm and architecture. The ultimate aim of this dissertation is to prove that media causes a general problem within modern culture, which conditions cultural objects at large.

VISUAL STUDIES

MESHING David Fano Spring 2007

As the architect’s computer becomes a tool that in-

Results of this study included practical knowledge

tegrates design and the production of data for actu- of how certain geometries affect the performance of alization, new processes and techniques for taking designs. Virtual models were embedded with inteladvantage of this synthesis must be explored and ligent criteria established by the designer to produce skillfully utilized. This workshop challenged tradi- more controlled and speciﬁc results, moving away tional methods of drafting and physical model build- from the abstract results of recent generative foring and explored a more parametric approach. Virtual mal experiments. three-dimensional models were drafted, subjected to multiple iterative transformations, tested for design Christos Gkotsis, B ﬁtness in the realm of software, and output for test- Matthew Stofen, A/C ing in real space.

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

ACCUMULATIVE MICRO-BEHAVIORS: INNOVATION AND NOVELTY Hernan Diaz Alonso, critic, with Alex Pincus Fall 2006

Historically, architecture begins with

How might architectural order be productively mu-

a concept, an overall strategy or some tated (if not entirely mutilated) by the organizational kind of pre-meaning. This studio pro- influence of formal and geometric effects? Advanced posed a re-examination of the possibil- modeling software generated the potential for what ity of form generation as an autonomous students began to see as a productive migration away act. As an extension of this interest, stu- from conventional notions of totality (typically thought dent research focused more specifically of in planometric terms) and towards a reconsideraon the degree to which autonomous tion of architecture as something less determinate. geometrical forms could be interpreted Students began to think of micro behaviors as being as an accumulative mutation, or as hav- less quantifiable in nature and more as the product of ing latent affective potential.

speciﬁc qualities, in particular the notion of space and form as an embodied experience.

255 B

Additionally, design involves a translation between form and image. More than ‘textuality’ or even ‘iconography’, its very form is a secondary function of how it performs as an image. Some may see this as a triumph of superficiality over depth, but it is also an intensification of the conjectural and fictive logics of design, of its ability to mobilize a social imagination and with it a series of potential futures. This studio saw this as a real and complex demand that global network culture places on producers of architectural content.

Robert Booth Erick Carcamo, B/C Evan Erlebacher, E Jamison Guest Brandon Komoda Nicholas Kothari, D Philip Mana, A Leah Nanpei Ifeanyi Oganwu Laura Trevino Jonathas Valle Filho John Winkler Because the building would no longer be con-

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

ZERO RESTRAIN MOBILITY: ALTERNATIVES TO VERTICAL CIRCULATION STRATEGIES WITHIN HIGH RISES Eduardo McIntosh Hernan Diaz Alonso, advisor Spring 2007

strained by the vertical shaft, the high rise could grow in a more organic fashion. Adopting the shape of any given space and growing as needed by consumer demand. The building is no longer a dead, static shell, but a living entity that negotiates between the user’s needs and surrounding environment.

092 DENSITY The key element than enabled the birth of the skyscrap-

The proposition of this project was to separate the

er was the elevator. Ironically, the elevator has also be- vertical circulation from the main structure of the come the primary limitation to the programmatic and building. The crane would be liberated from the railway formal evolution of the high rise. Archigram’s Plug-in by grouping several arms into an autonomous, freeCity provides an alternative to the ubiquitous tower moving device that could roam along the exterior of typology as dictated by the structural vertical elevator the building by clinging to appendices scattered on the shaft. In this case the mechanical device that governs surface while carrying users or items inside capsules. the mega structure is a crane set on a railway. Although These agents would work as a system that would be the railway is in many ways comparable to the elevator, governed by a minimal route algorithm to reduce travthe hovercraft can negotiate almost any terrain and is el time. This type of displacement could also provide totally independent of the structure.

quick evacuation from every part of the building.

256 ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

MODERN ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS: URBANISM AND DOMESTIC CULTURE, ATHENS 1941-1974 Ioanna Theocharopoulou, Ph.D.

Cities are only marginally the result of architects’ and to classical culture and to the long Ottoman occupa- 1950s the polykatoikia polykatoikia (multi-level apartplanners’ visions or interventions. Contemporary Ath- tion is key in setting up an interpretation of twentieth ment block) had become a local—almost vernacuens is a particularly striking example of a city primar- century urbanism and domesticity. Equally important lar—phenomenon. This dissertation tries to see how ily composed of unplanned and often illegal buildings. is an investigation in how architecture developed both this transformation happened: what was the interplay This urbanism is difﬁcult to categorize or judge, being as a profession and as an everyday popular technique. between international modernism and Greek culture? at once modern and vernacular, an innovation and a Within these larger issues I am exploring the opposi- How did this modern architecture without architects continuity, a success and a failure. This thesis treats tion between “high” and “low” architectural expres- spring up? urbanism and the evolution of domestic space in rela- sions, the resistance to planning in the early twentieth tion to modernization processes in twentieth century century, and informal building or unplanned developAthens. This topic mobilizes some important issues in ment in the post World War II period. Modern Greek culture and society. The conﬂicted rela-

Initially introduced in the 1930s by foreign-trained

tionship of Modern Greece to North-Western Europe, architects working in the modernist idiom, by the late HISTORY/ THEORY

EXOTIC MODERNS: CITY, SPACE, AND OTHER MODERNITIES Jyoti Hosagrahar Spring 2007

092 DENSITY Do all cities have to resemble the idealized urbanism interrelated. From these perspectives we explored city planning. An interdisciplinary and cultural underof Western Europe and North America to be modern? the cultural, political, and symbolic dimensions of standing of the modernity, colonialism, postcolonialIn an interconnected world of global ﬂows, can we see transformation in the built environment. Readings, ism, globalization, nationalism, and identity informed the built environment of the contemporary “non-West” discussions, and research papers focused on the ways the study of particular spatial expressions such as as modern, albeit, a different modern? This seminar in which globality and locality have reconciled when historic quarters, colonial architecture, planned capiexplored the complex and paradoxical forms of build- particular settlement practices/spatial cultures en- tals, squatter settlements, and the de-territorialized ings and cities outside the conventional West and ex- countered modernity. While recognizing our subjec- landscapes of globalism in cities in Asia, Africa, and amined what happens when global modernity engages tive position within the Western academe, we critically Latin America. with particular places, localities, and traditions.

examined dualities such as traditional and modern,

The seminar began with the premise that moder- West and non-West, Orient and Occident, as culturnity, claimed and deﬁned by the West, was fundamen- ally constructed categories that frame professional tally global and that colonialism and modernity are understanding and interventions in architecture and ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

LOT-EK MONOGRAPH STUDIO Ada Tolla, Giuseppe Lignano + Thomas de Moncheaux, critics Spring 2007

No architect is complete without a tates. A portfolio is stable; a monograph is unstable. A ultimate expression of all of their architectural thinkMonograph. No architect exists without portfolio is honest. A monograph is deceptive. A port- ing, as well as its opposite: something entirely new, a Monograph. A monograph is the archi- folio is graphic. A monograph is therapeutic. tect’s personal visual manifesto.

unprecedented, a three-dimensional manifesto for the

This was a studio about books, about printed im- rest of their careers—a house for oneself.

A monograph is not a portfolio. A ages, and about paper. It was a dirty, papery studio. portfolio is comprehensive; a mono- Everything produced became a document within one’s Lori Apfel graph is deliberately incomplete. A book. Students designed this book as their conclusive Aimée Duquette portfolio is objective; a monograph is and prospective project, and made intelligent and Marcelo Ertorteguy, A/D subjective. A portfolio is universal; a complex decisions about how to organize it. monograph is personal. A portfolio ex-

Ivana Filipovic

And just as every building must have a book, ev- Chia-yu Li

plains; a monograph mystiﬁes. A portfo- ery book must have a building. Students produced a Yooju No lio speeds through; a monograph hesi- new work of architecture that was the fulﬁllment and Benjamin Porto

257 A

Taka Sarui Sara Valente, B/C Angela Vizcarra Sanbuichi, E Stanley Wangsadihardja Shih-Yen Wu Alexandra Young

VISUAL STUDIES

ALGORITHMIC MORPHOLOGY Cory Clarke Fall 2006

In parallel with the development of the digital com- were founded) in the book The Fractal Geometry of Naputer, often feeding off the potentials offered through ture, accompanied by numerous computer-generated advances in computational speed, has been the de- illustrations. A similar relationship between ideas of velopment of axiomatic theories of biological devel- rule-based generative morphology and the evolution opment. Aristid Lindenmayer presented his Linden- of computational methods can be seen in architectural mayer Systems (L-Systems) in 1968 (the same year practices. This workshop presented the basic methods the ﬁrst integrated circuits were used in computers); and concepts of generative morphologies, both bioJohn Conway presented the two-dimensional cellular logically and architecturally inspired, and introduced automata titled the ‘Game of Life’ in 1970, now used students to programming to provide them with tools to simulate the growth of everything from fungi to cit- for experimentation with algorithmic morphology. ies; Benoit Mandelbrot formalized his idea of fractals in 1977 (the same year Microsoft and Apple computers Mark Bearak, Dora Kelle, A

258

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LAB

RESEARCH LAB

Kazys Varnelis, director

Established in September 2006, the Network Architecture Lab 160 exabytes (160 x 1018 bytes) of digital information were produced, equal to investigates how computation, communications, and net- three million times the content of all the books ever written. This data cloud is works impact architecture and the city. Over the last quarter less the product of discrete processing units or individuals at keyboards than century as technology, economics, the public sphere, culture, the outcome of the networked relations between them, that is, links between urbanism—even subjectivity—have mutated, the network has people, between machines, and between machines and people. emerged as our dominant cultural logic. An experimental unit

Even more pervasive than the Internet, the mobile phone is the most success-

formed by the GSAPP and new media research group Achirec- ful gadget in history, with some 1.6 billion units in use, double the number of auture Urbanism Design Collective (AUDC), the Netlab seeks to tomobiles worldwide. Popular in developed and developing countries alike, the understand the consequences of these changes and develop ap- mobile phone allows an unprecedented degree of mobile connectivity while unpropriate architectural and urbanistic responses. In doing so, doing the age-old notion that to get in touch with someone you must ﬁrst locate the Netlab embraces the studio and the seminar as venues for them spatially, pinning them down to a discrete point on the Mercator grid. architectural analysis and speculation, exploring new forms of

Texting from the dinner table, sending e-mail from commuter trains, lis-

research through publications, new media design, ﬁlm produc- tening to an iPod full of downloaded music while on the subway, Skypeing tion, and environment design.

from a laptop at a café, linking up PSP game consoles in ad hoc wireless

Although technology is not the sole driver in the rise of net- networks for a session of game play in a park, teaming up with a soldier in work culture, it is its most familiar face. The largest collective Iraq to defeat villains in the World of Warcraft, or sending the day’s project undertaking in history, the Internet, unites over one billion ﬁles to Shanghai for a team of designers to ﬁnish during the New York night people, allowing them to share—and contribute to—a massive are all everyday activities for us, even if they were generally impossible or fountain of information. Into the 1990s, digital data was largely even inconceivable a decade ago. limited to numerical and textual information. Today, however,

But far from a smooth informatic space, this networked world is riven by

virtually all the world’s written documents, video, images, and fault lines and shaped by complex, overlapping geometries. Network overaudio are produced digitally while most telecommunications lays network, space overlays space, producing conﬂicting and discontinuous are routed over digital networks. The result is a massive data conditions. If modernist and traditionalist architects alike dreamed of specicloud of unfathomable size encircling the globe. In 2006 alone, fying programmes for spaces and making those functions legible, telecom-

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LAB A

259

260 municational overlays ensure that this will never be the case. to each other, they allow greater degrees of communication between indiProgrammatic speciﬁcity is all but impossible today, given the viduals. Without any need for recourse to signiﬁcation, contemporary place movement that networked technologies impart to traditionally is a form of communication. Where you live, work, and consume becomes an static spaces.

index for the type of person you are, the kind of values you have, and the

As these technological changes have revolutionized our lives, choices you will make in your life. network theory has emerged as a ﬁeld of intense research uniting

For all of their pervasiveness, networks are invisible. In that invisibility,

disparate disciplines such as sociology, mathematics, and com- the network is the opposite of the plan. It is not simple and legible, the geoputation. In studying technical, biological, and social networks metric order of Corbusier’s city. Networks exceed maps. If the behavior of these researchers, some associated with Columbia University’s individual agents in networks is known, collective behavior can be chaotic, Center for Organizational Innovation, have discovered that net- disordered, inscrutable. Unlike the plan, the network is mutable, ever changwork theory can make sense of seemingly complex phenomena ing, with an animal intelligence of its own. by explaining how individual behavior aggregates into collective

Nevertheless, networks have builders and these builders describe them-

behavior. Network theory’s fundamental insight is that a node’s selves as architects. This is no idle statement. If the common reaction to the relationship to other networks is more important than anything it ﬁrst generation of digital technology was to match the proliferation of compucan offer on its own. In this model, whether they are Internet serv- tational spaces with new architectural forms, the Network Architecture Lab ers, web sites, cities, or individuals, highly connected nodes acts suggests that the future of architecture is very much to build networks, to as hubs, passing information back and forth across the network generate relationships and construct programme. and creating clusters or communities around themselves.

The impact of these changes on architecture is real and immediate. What op-

Contemporary telecommunications exacerbates this condi- portunities do programming, telematics, and new media offer architecture? How tion. Just as Fordist/modernist society carefully located the in- does the network city affect the building? Who is the subject and what is the obdividual within a finely tuned system of mass production and ject in a world of networked things and spaces? How do transformations in commass consumption while post-Fordist/post-modernist society munications reflect and affect the broader socioeconomic milieu? The Netlab drove individuals toward flexible lifestyles within a world of seeks to document this emergent condition and to produce new sites of practice flexible consumption and flexible production, network culture and innovative working methods for architecture in the twenty-first century. locates networked individuals within a world of networked consumption and networked production. Network culture is foremost a culture of the swarm. More and

THE INFRASTRUCTURAL CITY: NETWORKED URBANISM IN

more, individuals inhabit microclusters of consumption, physi- LOS ANGELES cal and virtual communities with others possessing increas- Edited by Netlab director Kazys Varnelis, Los Angeles, Infrastructural City is ingly specialized interests. Networking itself becomes sport a forthcoming book project produced in collaboration with the Los Angeles through sites such as Myspace, Facebook, and Friendster. Com- Forum for Architecture and Urban Design and ACTAR. The Infrastructural posed of allegiance to these clusters, individuals are less whole City extends the work of the Netlab to investigate how virtual and physical subjects than entities composed on the network itself.

networks shape contemporary life through an edited collection of ﬁfteen es-

But cities do not go away in favor of the mythical network of says by architects, artists, and scholars using Los Angeles as their subject. cyberspace. On the contrary, cities are communications sys-

As a case study of contemporary infrastructure, Los Angeles is ideal. Dur-

tems. By bringing together vast quantities of people in proximity ing the modern era, infrastructural intervention was the foremost strategic

NETWORKS OF THE NETLAB

The Netlab is an interdisciplinary unit, establishing collabora- megalopolis. In 2007, the Netlab launched the New York Network Culture group, tive relationships with other centers both at Columbia and at which gathers together faculty and other key thinkers in the ﬁeld together for other institutions.

monthly discussions of work in progress.

Beyond project-based initiatives, the Netlab aims to create a sense of community among researchers in the greater New York B

QUARTZSITE, ARIZONA

BLUE MONDAY

The ﬁrst collaborative venture between the Netlab, AUDC, and equipment in the United States. The second, the Stimulus Progression, looks ACTAR is Blue Monday: Stories of Absurd Realities and Natural at the history of the Muzak Corporation and how “Elevator Music” supported Philosophies. This richly-illustrated 176-page book captures three Fordist skyscraper urbanism and Post-Fordist culture of horizontality. The third, moments in modern culture that offer glimpses into our increas- Swarm Intelligence, visits Quartzsite, Arizona, a desert town of 3,000 people ingly perverse relationship to architecture, cities, and objects. All that swells to over one million residents as a horde of modern nomads descends three texts demonstrate different aspects of networks in contem- upon it in their Recreational Vehicles. porary culture.

These speciﬁc conditions reveal opportunities to investigate the contempo-

The ﬁrst, Ether, explores Los Angeles telecom hotel “One rary world a to engage with the ideas in the writings of Jean Baudrillard and Wilshire,” a 39-storey building of utter banality and complete mys- Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s Empire. tery that houses the greatest concentration of telecommunication D

PAGES FROM BLUE MONDAY

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LAB C

261

262 E

263

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LAB

instrument of the master planner, the means by which the city’s dominance ly a technology with social ramifications but a sociocultural over nature would be assured and the chaos generated by the metropolis condition itself. This work seeks to explore the reconfiguration could be mitigated. Los Angeles was the greatest American example of such of culture in the decade since Castells. Just as the machine not a modern city served by infrastructure, sustained by water and power from only made modernity possible but also acted as a model for a hundreds of miles away, its inhabitants commuting vast distances smoothly, rationalized, compartamentalized society and the infinitely riding from home to work to beach on the freeway grid while a hostile natural reconfigurable computer served the same role for the flexible world was kept at bay through the operations of the city’s engineers.

socioeconomics of postmodernism, today the network not only

Today, however, Los Angeles’s infrastructure is in perpetual crisis, rarely gives us access to a highly connected world, it frames a contemresponding to traditional plans. Instead, the city plays an endless catch-up porary world in which we begin to understand ourselves less as game to keep the system at a steady state of near-breakdown. Infrastructure individuals and more as products of networks of other individujust barely works: traffic is always backed-up, the cell phone never connects, als and even of things. the sewer perpetually floods while water shortages and rolling blackouts give rhythm to life. Faced with this condition of permanent systems overload and the general futility of proposing new plans to a public fragmented into micro- THE ARCHITECTURE OF INTERFACES constituencies, engineers now understand failure as natural and regard con- Fall 2006 gestion as an integral part of the system. But if a populace determined to fight The precursor to the MIT Media Lab, the Architecture Machine on for its own self-interest reigns in infrastructure’s natural tendency to grow, Group was founded in October 1967 by MIT architecture profesinfrastructure has its revenge too: it is not the limitless possibilities of infra- sor Nicholas Negroponte to create an “architecture machine” structure but rather its limitations that increasingly determine our lives.

that would help architects design buildings. The Architecture

If infrastructural systems answer to a higher authority, it is to the cultural Machine would be an active partner, intelligent, capable of logic of late capitalism, an all-pervasive and theoretically unmappable eco- learning and able to understand human idiosyncrasies such as nomic system. In this networked world, increasingly organized by flows of hand gestures. Although Negroponte initially aimed the Archiobjects and information, static structures avoid being superfluous only by tecture Machine at architects, inspired by Bernard Rudofsky’s joining that system to become temporary containers for the people, objects, 1964 book Architecture Without Architects, he soon set out to and capital that flow in and out of them. Los Angeles: Infrastructural City make something anyone could engage in, thereby laying the sets out to take measure of infrastructure as a way of mapping the architect’s foundation for today’s participatory media. place in late capital and the city and remaining optimistic about the role of the field to understand it and affect change.

The architecture machine was never fully realized, but in the process the group developed key user interface ideas, some—such as spatial

Funded in part by the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the organization and the use of icons—commonly used today, others still Fine Arts.

anticipating future technological developments. This research seminar explored the work of the Architecture Machine Group, setting it into its historical, theoretical, and

NETWORK CULTURE

cultural context. Students produced research papers and pro-

Network Culture is a book-length project building on the work done by Netlab totyped interfaces to a possible future on-line book on the topic. director Kazys Varnelis in his conclusion to Networked Publics. As Manuel Castells suggests in The Rise of the Network Society, the network is not mereE

Underground service alerts indicate where networks ﬂow underneath Soho.

El Segundo Generating Station, Dockweiller Beach

A lone cell phone tower on outskirts of Los Angeles stands as the only survivor after forest ﬁre.

264 LOGISTICS—ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO 5

Fall 2006 Under network culture, material production and distribution do not go away. On the contrary, the contemporary dominance of immaterial production is made possible only by an immense abundance of material goods and their careful management through networked means. This global chain of just-in-time command and control ensures that products are assembled and sent to us with virtually no delay in inventory along the way. In this studio the Network Architecture Lab investigated logistics and supply-chain management with the aim of producing material for an upcoming publication on contemporary cities. During the ﬁrst half of studio, students traced the manufacture and distribution of one object. For the second half, they explored a logistics network to uncover the implications of logistics for architecture. Understanding this often-surreptitious transit of things allows us to respond to Bruno Latour’s demand that we make things public, exposing the lives of objects, all too often left out of politics.

CASA DA MÚSICA, NETWORK CABLES

BOOMBURBS

Boomburbs explores active adult communities, focusing on the lifestyle within a suburban milieu. Riviera in West Windsor and the Village Grande at Bear Creek, both in New Jersey. The most recently packaged of gate communi- Li Xu, Anna Kenoff, Julia Molloy ties, the active adult community for residents over 55 addresses Network City, Spring 2007 an aging baby boomer population that desires to live a resort-like J

HELLO, NEIGHBORS

Hello, Neighbors examines current systems in place for neighbor- and outdoor ﬂyers for the effective spread of information. IPPE DPNNVOJDBUJPO -PDBM LOPXMFEHF XIFSF UIF CFTU QJ[[B JT XIZ UIF QPXFS XFOU PVU MBTU OJHIU BOE TP PO JT FTTFOUJBM GPS Candy Chang neighborhood growth yet remains underinvestigated and, worse Network City, Spring 2007 yet, underutilized. This project studied the utility of Internet Forums

265

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LAB I

266 HISTORY/ THEORY

NETWORK CITY Kazys Varnelis Spring 2007

258 NETWORK Network City explored key urban areas as ecosystems of competing networks. Transportation infrastructures, telecommunications systems, and financial networks have simultaneously centralized cities while dispersing them within larger posturban fields. Areas such as the Northeastern seaboard or Southern California form the core of global capital, producing the geography of flows that structures economies and societies today. A fundamental thesis of the course is that buildings too, function as networks. Students explored the demands of cities and physical and social networks on program, envelope, and plan since the late nineteenth century, particularly in the office building, the site of consumption, and the individual dwelling unit and the reciprocal influences of such changes in these typologies on the urban context. In addition, students looked at the fraught relationship between signature architecture—the so-called Bilbao-effect—and the post-Fordist city in which architecture increasingly seems obsolete. Network City treats the growth of both city and suburbia (and more recently postsuburbia and exurbia) not as separate and opposed phenomena but rather as intrinsically intertwined. For their final projects, students produced books integrating visual and textual arguments. Boomburbs Anna Kenoff, Julia Molloy, Li Xu

HISTORY/ THEORY

zation. Drawing on and working with diverse sources

ENVIRONMENTS OF DESIGN: NEW ORLEANS NOW

of information, including raw data about population

Laura Kurgan Spring 2007

displacement and urban destruction, ofﬁcial plans, online popular forums, publicly-available overhead imagery, and the reports and analysis of ‘expert’ bodies, students consolidated, interpreted, evaluated, and reformatted this information in a way that exposed some alternate images of New Orleans prior to the disaster and presented new post-disaster visions of it. Through coordination with studios offered by Professors Kurgan and Sutton, this seminar was

What sort of design does disaster in- intensely spatialized political events. What did New oriented toward the production of a collective network duce? What happened to New Orleans Orleans have in common with Kabul after the Taliban, report proposing questions and alternative visions to was a catastrophe, but not simply a Sarajevo after ethnic cleansing, or New York after the rebuilding plans. natural one. It was also an opportu- September 11? And what did New Orleans, prior to this nity, but not necessarily for the better. disaster, have in common with riot-torn Los Angeles, This course approached New Orleans the Occupied Territories, and apartheid South Africa? 16 months later as a network of con- Using these examples for tactical and strategic guidﬂicting forces, demands, and discours- ance, students evaluated some existing proposals for, es—economic, political, environmental, databases about, and maps and images of a new New historical, memorial, mediated, aes- Orleans. They examined who and what were (allegthetic—and situated it in the context of edly) rebuilding the city: nation, state, neighborhood, other intensively politicized spaces or community, non-governmental or non-proﬁt organi-

267 NEW YORK-PARIS PROGRAM Danielle Smoller + Ariela Katz, co-directors

The Shape of Two Cities: New York-Paris Program is a tecture. Students enrolled in the Urban Studies Work- Eliza Montgomery, New York Design Studio one-year intensive liberal arts program with a strong shop explore conceptual and analytical tools for operstudio component. It is designed to develop students’ ating within urban contexts and discourses through critical appreciation of architectural and urban forms focused individual research or design projects. A core and their genesis. The curriculum focuses on the curriculum supports both concentrations and grounds practice, history, and theory of architecture, planning, the students in the physical, intellectual, historical and and preservation in both New York and Paris.

cultural contexts of New York and Paris in the hopes of

Designed for highly motivated college juniors, se- deepening their understanding of architecture and the niors, and recent graduates, the program is open to city. Lecture courses and seminars are supplemented students from a broad range of backgrounds and skill by ﬁeld trips as well as guest lectures and design crilevels. During the ﬁrst semester students are based tiques whose participants are drawn from local proat the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and fessional and academic communities. Preservation in New York and enjoy the resources of

Both New York and Paris are important global cen-

the School and of Columbia University as a whole. In ters, each still representative of a unique culture. They the second semester students are based at Reid Hall, are ideal settings for exploring the historical, social Columbia University's center for French Studies in and political development of architectural and urban Paris. Reid Hall’s academic amenities and social activ- form, as well as the formative role of architects, planities help students to bridge the gap between Ameri- ners and preservationists. Thus, the program provides can and French cultures.

a unique opportunity for students and instructors to

The program is centered on optional concentra- engage in a critical dialogue across cultures, while tions in Architecture and Urban Studies. Architectural providing an excellent preparation for graduate and Design Studio students undertake an increasingly professional study in architecture, planning, presercomplex series of studio exercises that focus on the vation, and related fields. analysis, creation and representation of urban archi-

268 NEW YORK /PARIS PROGRAM

THE SHAPE OF TWO CITIES, NEW YORK/PARIS: DESIGN STUDIO Thomas DeMonchaux, William Feuerman + Danielle Smoller, critics Fall 2006

In the fall semester of the New York/Paris program students created a dense emergent surface, a matrix of 16 panels that informed a ﬁnal design proposal. The semester began with a proposal for a path linking Central Park's two great museums—the American Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art—and a pavilion housing an artifact of interest to both: Olmstead's Greensward competition entry drawing. At the end of the semester students revisited and transformed this path and pavilion, re-programming it to house a café/bodega. Intervening between these two design projects was the bulk of the students' work—a matrix of panels. Each panel represented one of 12 one-week analysis and design projects. These projects, a tactical survey of drawing and demonstrating, manufacturing and mapping, hopscotch back and forth between two cities—an actual site in New York and a virtual site in Paris—ascending and descending along a scale of six different operational dimensions: clothes, chair, room, building, street, and city. New York assignments started big and grew small; Paris assignments started small and grew big. At the

room-scaled, mid-point of the sequence, Room/Paris

and Room/New York, the matrix project lation, were deployed. Inspired by Perec, Cortezar, became recursive and self-referential. Calvino, and other literary practitioners of misdiEach analysis/design project became rection, we aimed for intensities, densities, and the sited in an earlier project, in the same shapes of two cities. city at the opposite scale. Therefore, the project emerged as one of sampling and Robin Akashi, B re-mixing, sequencing and re-sequenc- Jacob Esocoff, C ing, ﬁguration and reconﬁguration, all at Thad Nobuhara, A both intimate and urban scales. A wide range of material practices and representational techniques, from metal-forging to orthographic manipu-

Jessica Vaughn, D

269 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

NEXT CITY Thomas Leeser, critic, with Joseph Haberl Summer 2006

What will Next City be? What size is it? Is it a building? Is it a region? What devices make Next City? What desires form it? Is Next City quantiﬁable or qualiﬁable? Is it conceived from the inside out or the outside in? How does it grow? What are its spatial possibilities? Who will live in Next City? Can it be created within a City? Trends are altering the conception of cities in the future, and design of cities today: the rate of urbanization is exploding; the supply of usable land is being depleted; population density is increasing; patterns of

mobility are in ﬂux; life expectancy rates are increasing; resource consumption is rising; conceptions of urban security are being codiﬁed; and many, many more.

These trends are already making marks. What have they done to our cities? How can they be used in the creation of new cities? Sites have been suggested as possible Cities within the metropolitan region of New York City. In loose constellation around one of the densest cities in the world—Manhattan—much of the greater New York region can be thought of as sites of Next City. Selected sites include areas of intense mono-use development such as retail, recreation, industry, dwelling, and infrastructure. The places do not appear urban at ﬁrst. Why not? What will make them Cities?

Gilland Akos Marcelo Ertorteguy, C Takahiro Fukuda Alvaro Quintana Barreneche Laura Trevino Kuuchao Tseng Sara Valente Yuan-Yuan Wen Teerawat Wiriyaamornpun, A/B/C Jennifer Yang Joon Young Yang, D Luping Yuan

270

NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS UNIT (NSU) RESEARCH LAB

Caterina Tiazzoldi +

Christopher Whitelaw, co-directors

In the last 15 years, architecture’s frequent use of design instru- A1, Theoretical and epistemological analysis, development of Research ments such as algorithms, dynamic relationships, parametric Tools, Definition of the Pilot Model “Applied Responsive Devices” systems, mapping, morphogenesis, cellular automata, and A primary component of NSU is the development of research tools in the field bifurcation with broken symmetry, clearly shows how contem- of Complex Adaptive Models for architecture. Such tools can be conceived as porary thinking in mathematics and physical sciences has small decision making machines supporting architectural reasoning. During changed the way we think about design. The incorporation of the first 3 years, the activity within NSU has been focused on the research complex dynamics, non-linear systems, chaos theory, emergent topic “Applied Responsive Devices”. properties, resilience, etc., has altered our perception of the life of today’s cities.

A2, Applied Research: Reﬁnement of Research Tools

The motivating hypothesis at the basis of NSU is to consoli- By means of concrete examples and simpliﬁed case studies, A2 is aimed date research in the ﬁeld of complex systems in architecture. at verifying the methodological hypothesis developed in A1 which, in turn, evaluates the individual tools that have the capability to respond to formal, managerial and structural problems arising within an architectural problem.

NSU ACTIVITIES The NSU work plan is comprised of six activities as follows.

A3, Tools and Software: Computation Methodologies, and Algorithms for

A0, Coordination

This activity is focused on the digital implementation of the previously devel-

Problem-Solving The NSU research project encourages large-scale interdisci- oped techniques and their transformation into simple Maya tools. plinary efforts in which architects, urban planners, engineers, acoustic engineers, mathematicians, computer scientists and A4 + A5, Dissemination: Educational and publications neuroscientists can be brought together for collaboration.

A4 and A5 reﬂect a comprehensive effort to promote learning and educational opportunities. The research work is integrated into the GSAPP curriculum. Research seminars, symposia and publications act as the environment for essential components of the experiments.

NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS UNIT (NSU) A

271

272 C

INTERACTION BETWEEN NSU ACTIVITES

DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH TOOLS: DEFINITION OF THE PILOT MODEL "APPLIED RESPONSIVE DEVICES" (A1)

ARD2 FORMAL MODULATION FOR ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE

FORMAL MODULATION FOR LIGHT PERFORMANCE IN A WOMAN'S HOSPITAL FACADE

273

NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS UNIT (NSU)

Some architectural problems can be managed with a classi-

PEOPLE

ﬁer system, consisting of a set of rules, each of which performs

A0, Coordination

particular actions every time its conditions are satisﬁed by a

Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw, co-directors

speciﬁc informational attribute. From a methodological point of

Dino Rossi, graduate assistant

view, the project makes use of developments in other scientiﬁc ﬁelds (for example, research developed by John Holland of the

A1, Development of Research Tools: Deﬁnition of the Pilot Model “Applied

Santa Fe Institute (Holland, 1992)).

Responsive Devices” William Craig, independent researcher Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw, advisors

A2, APPLIED RESEARCH: REFINEMENT OF THE PILOT MODEL APPLIED RESPONSIVE DEVICE

A2, Applied Research: Reﬁnement of Research Tools

The objectives of these independent studies was to develop spe-

Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw

ciﬁc case studies in collaboration with other academic institu-

Po Chen, Jeffrey Taras, + Ken Tracy, independent researchers

tions (Cresson, ISI Foundation, Politecnico di Torino and Ecole

Peter Albertson + K. Chan Zoh

d’Architecture de Grenoble) and architecture ﬁrms (Blue Ofﬁce Architecture, Impresa Rosso, Maire Engineering) and to consoli-

A3, Tools and Softwares: Computation Methodologies, and Algorithms for

date and reﬁne the pilot model, Applied Responsive Device, as

Problem-Solving

developed in A1.

Christopher Whitelaw Troy Conrad Therrien, graduate assistant

CASE STUDY 1 Applied Responsive Device 1: Copertura, a ﬁnite element

A4, Dissemination: Educational

model derived from a parameterized agent based model-orga-

Lecturers:

nizing sets of Kalzip tiles

Patrick Beaucé, Filippo Broggini, Daniel Bosia, Bernard Cache, Pierre Alain Jeffrey Taras + Ken Tracy, students Croset, John Frazer, Lamberto Rondoni Craig Schwitter, Caterina Tiazzoldi, Caterina Tiazzoldi and Christopher Whitelaw, advisors Nicolas Tixier, Yves Weisnand, Christopher Whitelaw, + Marco Visconti

Maire Engineering, sponsor

Participants:

The project Copertura was developed by using the Pilot Model,

Aaron Bowen, Mattia Collo,Gian Luca Fedi,Emanuela Giudice, Francesco “Applied Responsive Device”, to design an alternative solution Guerra, Boris Ignatov, Yu-ju Huang, Rachele Michinelli, Caterina Pagliara, for a tensile membrane roof structure developed for Maire EngiFederica Patti, Angelo Rinallo, Nancy Rozo Montana, Mike Szivos, Sang Hoon neering and Norman Foster (1A) The goal of the project was to Youm, Annalisa Torta, Yi-Ling Teng, + Jegdic Vandic

develop innovative and cost effective techniques for employing standard ﬂat kalzip panels in order to obtain the same range

A5, Dissemination: Publications

of shapes that Maire Engineering was able to achieve with a

Katie Mearns, Matthew Utley, graduate assistants

tensile membrane structure.

Partner Institutions

neering limits of the material were translated into a set of attri-

Fondazione ISI (Institute for Scientiﬁc Interchange Foundation)

butes that affect the digital model. (2B-C-D) In the second phase

www.isi.it

the physical attributes of the material were used as constraints

Ecole Nationale d’Architecture de Grenobles

in a parametric computer model that responds to the engineer-

www.grenoble.archi.fr

ing limits of the Kalzip panels through geometrical deformation.

Politecnico di Torino

(2E) In the last phase, NSU researchers developed a simple arti-

Department of Architectural Design and Department of Mathematics

ﬁcial intelligence that was embedded in the computer simulat-

www.polito.it

ed panels, allowing each panel to interact with its surroundings

(2A) In the ﬁrst phase, the physical properties and the engi-

in order to conﬁgure and duplicate, resulting in an intelligent Sponsors

accumulation. (3A) By simulating different environments , it was

Impresa Rosso

possible to test the range of forms of the standard panels.

www.impresarosso.it Maire Engineering Tecnicmont

CASE STUDY 2

www.maireengineering.it/home_eng.html

Applied Responsive Device 2: Formal Modulation for Acoustic

SOFTlab

Performance

www.softlabnyc.com

Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw, critics Peter Albertson, Aaron Bowen, Sang Hoon Youm, + K. Chan Zoh, students

A1, DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH TOOLS: DEFINITION OF THE PILOT MODEL "APPLIED RESPONSIVE DEVICES"

Ecole Architecture de Grenoble, Blue Ofﬁce Architecture, Le Cresson, partner

Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw, authors The research started from the results of the projects CerNSU research activity is focused on the definition and the refinement of the esiosaurus (Ceresiosaurus), Desailopontès (Desailopontès), pilot model, Applied Responsive Devices, reflecting the new methodological and Runninghami (Runninghami) developed by the Ecole approach in the simulation of architectural problems.

d’Architecture de Grenoble, Cresson and Blue Ofﬁce Archi-

The interest is to embed sets of constraints within the modeling process tecture. These projects explored the problem of engineering that affect the decision making of the designer. This project aims to develop a formal solution for bridge acoustic panels in response to a an innovative tool that assists a decision-maker to take into account a num- given set of requirements. Their proposal consisted of a forber of different parameters. The goal is to enhance architecture’s capacity to mal modulation based on acoustic performance obtained by respond to speciﬁc environmental requirements with an adaptable physical- means of manual interpolation between engineering data and ity. The innovation also includes the way in which quantitative and qualita- acoustic tables (1A). tive parameters (i.e. social, physical, cultural and economic) are aggregated in order to emphasize the concept of formal adaptation.

The methodology proposed by NSU consisted of the integration of part of the acoustic constraints in the digital modeling

The methods contained in this proposal investigate the existing relation- process. The volumetric model is linked to the acoustic paramships between the perception of a speciﬁc reality and its translation into a set eters and proportional requirements by the empirical perforof elements that can be manipulated through computerized models.

mance formulas affecting the deﬁnition of the form (2A/2B/2C).

274 D

NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS UNIT (NSU) D

275

276 E

LECTURE

Associative Manufacturing Components F

DEBATE

Nonlinear Structures: A Formal Investigation of Nonlinear Construction at Columbia University GSAPP.

277

NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS UNIT (NSU) At any moment, basic relationships required by the empirical acoustic evidence are satisﬁed.

The second objective was to implement these simulation models as a computer program. The whole knowledge set of the meth-

The project applied the method proposed in the Pilot Model, “Applied Re- od would be implemented as a common database. A multimedia sponsive Device”. The different phases of the project can be synthesized in user interface would be developed to translate the information the following way: (1A) collection of data and survey, (1B) predominant factors in the database into information to be used and processed by 3D inﬂuencing the formal response to acoustic requirements of the site, (2A-G) modeling software communicating with the database. guidelines relating acoustic performance and other factors, and (3A-B) deﬁnition of formal aspects and acoustic criticalities. CASE STUDY 3

A4 + A5, DISSEMINATION: PUBLICATIONS, EXHIBITIONS, AND EVENTS

Formal Modulation for Light Performance in Residential Design

Hosted by NSU

Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw, critics

Debate: Nonlinear Structures: A Formal Investigation of Nonlin-

Yu-ju Huang, Boris Ignatov, Yi-ling Tteng, + Jegdic Yandic, students

ear Construction at Columbia University GSAPP

Maire Engineering, sponsor

Daniel Bosia, (Non Linear System Organization University of Pennsylvania + Advanced Geometry Unit Ove Arup, London), lecturer

The problem presented in the class was based on a real case study ap- Craig Schwitter (Buro Happold, New York City), respondent proached by Maire Engineering (ex Fiat engineering) in the context of the Caterina Tiazzoldi (NSU, GSAPP, Columbia University), moderator development of an urban residential area in the city of Torino, Italy. Students were asked to develop projects that responded simultaneously to interior Lecture: Associative Manufacturing Components programmatic shifts as well as external site information (1A-B). This task Bernard Cache (Objectile), Patrick Beaucé is achieved with an algorithm connecting the pattern of the facade window Cultural Services of the French Embassy, sponsor framing to functional and technical requirements (2-3). Projects were developed as parametric responsive devices, capable of de- Lecture: Nonlinear Construction at Politecnico di Torino veloping a new modularity based on fractal logic. The goal was to obtain a Daniel Bosia (Ove Arup), Bernard Cache (Objectile), John Frazer system that would respond to the programmatic requirements of the building (Gehry Technologies), Yves Weisnand (Politecnico di Losanna), (3A) by innovatively combining standard building elements of a façade (tiling, + Christopher Whitelaw (Columbia University NSU), lecturers framing, structures). Hosting NSU CASE STUDY 4

2007 Non Linear Architecture in ﬁve lectures, Politecnico di

Formal Modulation for Light Performance in a Women’s Hospital Facade

Torino 2006, agent_code symposium, Cornell AAP NYC space

Po Chen, William Tracy, + Luping Yuan, students Caterina Tiazzoldi + Christopher Whitelaw, advisors

2005 Script as Tool, Architecture Festival Beyond the Media,

Impresa Rosso, sponsor

Florence

The research project was developed as a partnership with Impresa Rosso. 2005 Non Linear Design Strategies, Architecture and ComplexThis collaboration created a direct connection between the advanced ity Symposia, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Torino, computational design techniques studied in an academic setting and the Torino, Italy reality of professional practice, allowing students to apply their research to professional constraints and solve challenging architectural problems. Each project focused on the qualitative, and quantitative, understanding of algorithmic responsive devices as applied to the constructed reality of a women’s hospital façade system. The goal of this study was to develop a project responding, simultaneously, to interior programmatic shifts as well as to external site information. This task was achieved by implementing an algorithm to connect the pattern of the window facade framing to the functional and technical requirements of the building program. From a methodological point of view, the solutions were combined and mediated between mathematical performance data and empirical architectural applications. The goal is to reﬁne the tool previously developed by implementing it in the constructive reality of Rosso Costruzioni.

A3, TOOLS AND SOFTWARE: COMPUTATION METHODOLOGIES AND ALGORITHMS FOR PROBLEM SOLVING The first objective of this work was to implement the Pilot Model developed in A1 and refined in A2 as computer software for use by researchers, professionals, and students. The software would act as a simulation model, analyzing the different formal solutions incorporating the physical, environmental, social, cultural, financial, and temporal criteria.

NOP

278 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

NOT NOT ARCHITECTURE 13: DOUBLE ZERO CITY Andrew MacNair, critic Fall 2006

This studio examined three ongoing themes within the collective work—where all studio buildings are apexpanding ﬁeld of architecture: Architecture, Not Ar- plied to Governor’s Island, to the space of New York

chitecture, and Not Not Architecture. It achieved this Bay, and/or to other echo sites within issues of war, through the physical production of a public house every disaster, and normalization such as Louisiana, Missistwo weeks via plan, section, elevation, and model. The sippi, Iraq, and Africa. The studio took on projection ﬁrst, inside site is New York Bay—a double negative and forecast to repair, rebuild, and possibly save parts as a world navel. The second inside near site is Gover- of the world beyond just changing it. The studio gennor’s Island—a testing ground for the development of erated its own industry where quantity of production a United Nations Annex City as University. And the far expanded horizons, hones craft, and deepened underoutside sites are locations in the world, for addressing standing. We made a group imaginative, prescriptive and solving world problems via built form. The studio abecedarium published as the ﬁfth Not Not Mook out fostered individual building capacities and advanced at the end of the term. The clients were people of the

world. The budget was time. And the program to Save the World, Not Save the Word, and/or to Not Not Save the World through built form. Randall Holl, C Christopher Lewis, E Singjoy Liang Arthur McGoey, D Gordon Kon Fung Wong, B Mercy Wong, A B

Paul Yoo Ahmed Youssef

279 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

FROM PAN TO EUROPAN: LE PROGRAMME D’ARCHITECTURE NOUVELLE AND FURTHER Cristina Goberna Reinhold Martin, Felicity Scott + Enrique Walker, advisors Spring 2007

The project explores the origins of the architecture of the contest was public housing and the winning procompetition Programme d’Architecture Nouvelle posals were widely published, and ultimately built. (PAN) as a direct consequence of the Evenements de

In 1989, after the demolition of the Berlin Wall, the

Mai 68 in France, how it expanded to EUROPAN and PAN became European, starting with the participation why it could be considered the new Prix du Rome. It of nine countries, each of them with its own secretariconcludes with an analysis of the role of EUROPAN at, board, jury, publications, sites and awards. in the actual conﬁguration of the European architec-

Today, after 9 editions of EUROPAN, more than 22 European countries take part in the biannual contest.

tural identity.

In 1973 the PAN was launched in France. Conceived It has become the biggest architectural competition as competition for architects under 40, it was a govern- in history, leading the so-called Erasmus generation ment initiative meant to face the lodging crisis and the to discuss, build and take part in the debate about the student discontent in the aftermaths of 1968. The topic construction of the European architectural identity. ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

RECONFIGURING THE OFFICE/LANDSCAPE: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH PARK, THE MEADOWLANDS, NJ Marc Tsurumaki, critic, with Marc Kushner Spring 2007

This studio operated through an opportunistic exploitation of limits, examining the manner in which constraints can provide the catalyst for architectural invention. More specifically, the studio examined the potential to rethink received architectural formats based on emerging formulations and new performative criteria—juxtaposing a ‘normative’ typology with specific programmatic, environmental, and physical imperatives to catalyze the architectural imagination. The programmatic vehicle for these investigations was the generic American office park. With its paradoxical mix of pastoralism and pragmatism, the

office park provided an ideal site for rethinking the permeable boundaries between natural and artificial systems. Students engaged these issues through the design of an experimental corporate campus. The context for the investigations was the urban wetlands commonly known as the Meadowlands in New Jersey. At roughly 20,000 acres, the area comprises salt and freshwater marshes, former industrial sites and landfills, rivers, parks, and wildlife refuges, as well as sports and recreational facilities, rail lines, distribution centers, highways, and shopping complexes. It is a space characterized both by the inde-

280 C

terminacy of land and water, and by the blurring of industrial, infrastructural, and biotic conditions. The studio engaged this volatile terrain, both as a material and a cultural context, examining the mutuality and counterinﬂuence of its constituent systems. Navigating emergent terms such as eco-tourism and sustainability, students engaged the multiple ways in which economic, cultural, and material practices coalesce in the formation of landscape.

Skye Beach, C/D Terri Chiao, E/F

Natalie DeLuca Joshua Draper Amy Finley Sang-Hwa Lee Patrick O’Connor Elizabeth Sennott Maria Tiliakos Galdysa Vega-Gonzalez Allison Weinstein Ray Williams Jieun Yang, A/B

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

THE ORACLE MACHINE THE LIBRARY AT THE INTERSECTION OF POSSIBLE PASTS AND POSSIBLE FUTURES Karl Chu, critic Spring 2007

160 GENETICS The project for the library was predicated on each the Oracle Machine? And (4) What is the ﬁnite in relastudent developing a thesis concerning the library. tion to the inﬁnite, which is implied by the concept of As such, it addressed four interrelated the library? Students also solved the following issues: questions: (1) Is there a general theory (1) the collapse of the distinction between container of the Library? (2) What is the form of (hardware) and contained (software); (2) the problem the library whose intrinsic content con- of representation concerning self-reference in relatains information that is organized and tion to intrinsic and extrinsic content; and (3) comstructured along with information that is pression and decompression of information in relation formless and chaotic? (3) What are the to the collapse of container and contained. Tradition(generative) construction of information ally, a library is a building designed for the reposiand the limits of computability especial- tion of books. Books in turn are physical carriers of ly in relation to Alan Turing’s concept of information content, which in turn contains informa-

281 B

tion about books as well as buildings along with their Miriam Gomez, A properties and the logics of their construction. This Hugo Martinez, A studio addressed the concept of the library as a form Arthur McGoey, B/C/D of singularity and the diverse modalities of forms that Jason Pogorzala each solution could take in terms of architecture.

Alan Tansey

Note: An Oracle Machine is a Turing machine con- Luping Yuan, E/F nected to an oracle, a kind of black box, which computes a non-computable function, such as the answer to the halting problem or some equivalent.

ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

ORGANIZATION AND ABSTRACTION: THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOM FROM 1933-1956 Hyun Tae Jung

This dissertation seeks to understand how “corporate “universal” standards of ofﬁce building design, and to architecture” began and became so successful in the develop them, repetitively and organically. United States. I will do so by investigating—at once his-

Over the years, SOM had a critical impact on the

torically, iconographically, and theoretically—the firm prosperity of modern architecture and the dominance of SOM (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill) which is so often, of American skyscrapers, but not a single historical and quite rightly, taken as the genesis and exemplar study about the firm itself has been done. of the shift. The main focus will be on the firm’s early history from 1933 to 1956, during which SOM had begun to soar from a small firm to a large international firm without peers. It is my premise that, by combining flexible organizational structures with an efficient design production system, SOM was able to establish

282 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

PAPER STRUCTURE Yooju No Giuseppe Lignan + Ada Tolla, advisors Spring 2007

Tearing down buildings often causes tons of waste. Paper, on the other hand, is recyclable. Although paper is one of the most widely used materials in the world, it has hardly been used for architecture. Shigeru Ban is one of the pioneers of paper architecture, using it in his architecture as columns. Frank Gehry also used paper to make chairs. The goal of this research was to create a paper system with structural properties that would eliminate waste and be easy to fabricate. To simplify geometry, minimize the amount of material used, and allow for portability and ﬂexibility, a folding system was employed. Strength was added through various types of lamination. The system was tested with a folded and laminated chipboard chair, which was waterproofed with Tyvek. Since the chair (named ‘Wobbly’) was based on the folding system, it was portable and easy to store when not in use.

NEW YORK /PARIS PROGRAM

PARIS DESIGN STUDIO Pierre David + Alain Salomon, critics Spring 2007

The objective of the studio was to explore the complexity and heterogeneity of the city structure, both in terms of analysis and design. The site was a one-anda-half mile strip traversing the left bank along the seventeenth-century meridian that passes through the Observatory (by Claude Perrault). This section of territory follows the natural north-south route between the hills of the Left Bank. Throughout history, this trajectory has been the locus of major infrastructure, from the Roman aqueduct to the present regional transit system. The site traverses the essential ﬁgures in the

development of Paris: the Roman cardo, the concentric rings of Medieval fortification, the Classical and tension and confluence and revealing the hidden forces Haussmannian boulevards, the Luxembourg Gardens, structuring the site; 2) ‘machines’ materializing codithe Parc Montsouris and the Cité univer- fied and abstracted spatial transcriptions of four iconic sitaire (an international student housing Parisian buildings; 3) a ‘figura’—a three-dimensional campus). The program called for a se- urban profile intended to articulate the program’s ‘typries of amenities servicing French and ical’ and ‘atypical’ spaces, as well as its structure, in international students, linking the Latin relation to the site’s potential for saturation. Quarter to the Cité universitaire. In the process of design, students in- James Finkenstaedt, Peter Jackson, A vented 1) a three dimensional mapping of Ryan Moritz, Mackenzie Nicholson, B/C the strip to discover moments along or close to the meridian that act as points of

283 NEW YORK /PARIS PROGRAM

PARIS URBAN STUDIES WORKSHOP James Njoo, critic Spring 2007

The Paris Urban Studies Workshop aims at developing critical tools to approach contemporary urban issues.

Students engage with themes related to specific sites, but also with the manner in which their perception of the city is conditioned by cultural codes and multiple forms of representation. This reflexive dimension of reading the city is a central issue throughout the course of the studio, accompanying and informing each student’s personal site research. This year the students’ investigations were focused on the Olympiades, the 1960s-1970s urban deck development situated on the in the thirteenth arrondissement of Paris. Numerous plans for intervention currently in the pro- Sara Shin, A cess of elaboration has renewed debate on the future Brian Fix, Victoria Salomon, B of this socially and culturally charged site. Students were asked to reflect on possible strategies for the requalification of the urban deck and on the future relationship between the public and private spaces.

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

PARK AVENUE REDUX Lise Anne Couture, critic Fall 2006

From Dubai to Shanghai, Moscow to Beijing, cities are being developed at an unprecedented scale. Glo-

balization has brought about a veritable explosion of urban architecture of almost preposterous proportions, where competing metropolitan centers are only too eager to propel themselves onto the world stage in order to posture as global players through the medium of contemporary architecture. Once again considered a status symbol, architecture is now a signifier of upward mobility in the global arena. With the construction of billions of square feet of commercial and residential space and the ongoing escalation of aesthetic and formal ambition created by a desire for “signature buildings”, there now exists a new type of global ‘space race’. Manhattan can be understood as the original version of a modern metropolis on steroids and Park Avenue as the DNA source from which all other iconic late modern architecture is derived. The uniqueness of the Park Avenue corridor as an architectural ‘cluster’ has a collective significance; it is an iconic assembly of buildings that has been infinitely reproduced around the world as if through a crystalline refractive lens. While as a conglomeration of effects it can have

284 greater impact globally than any singular mega tower Takahiro Fukuda structure, the architecture of Park Avenue is now seen Miriam Gomez as anachronistic and out of date. As a signiﬁcant ante- Jim Woo Lim cedent to cutting edge contemporary urban architec- Nicolas Medrano ture across the globe, the architectural legacy of Park Jonathan Moreﬁeld Avenue can be re-envisioned through an understand- Jason Pantazis ing of its broader historical context and its current po- G. Michael Rusch, D/E/F litical, architectural, and technological landscape.

Angela Vizcarra Sanbuichi, A/B/C Jennifer Yang

Saad Alayyoubi, A/B/C

José Zequeira

William Arbizu, D/E/F Brigitte Cook

BARNARD AND COLUMBIA COLLEGES ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM

ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION: PERCEPTION Kadambari Baxi, Janette Kim + Madeline Schwartzman critics Fall 2006, Spring 2007

This course introduced visual perception as a catalyst for the critique, representation, and design of architecture. Students learned to use and analyze various spatial media to invent and represent architectural space. Emphasis was placed on developing a critical understanding of how space is perceived as well as how different media can be deliberately manipulated, controlled, and constructed as part of a creative and inventive design process. While the course reflected on the historical and cultural production of visual perception, it primarily conducted this inquiry through making, drawing, and building. Issues of inhabiting and experiencing a specific space, such as the activities performed, the perception of that performance, as well as the physical attributes of the space, were explored as part of the creative development of projects. Source media included photographs, drawings, films, videos, models, objects, games, texts, and virtual and real spaces. This material provided both the focus and the medium of the analysis and design. The multiple methods of analytical and representational skills that

285 B

students developed functioned as generative tools in continued design work, forming the basis for critiquing existing space and media, and for generating new spaces and their representations. Alizee Brion, Thomas Stewart, A Daniella Zalcman, B Alex Cook, D Kara Palmore, Gabriel Peschiera, C Irmak Turan, E

ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM Reinhold Martin, director

The Ph. D. program in architecture is oriented toward the history and theory of modern and contemporary arthe training of scholars in the field of architectural chitecture and urbanism in an international and crosshistory and theory. Its structure reflects a dual under- cultural context, from the mid-eighteenth century to standing of the scholar’s role in the discipline at large: the present. Within this, a wide range of research is as a teacher and as a researcher making an original supported through the varied expertise of the faculty contribution to the field, with an emphasis on expand- and through strong relationships with other departing and reinterpreting disciplinary knowledge in a broad ments throughout the University and beyond. Students intellectual arena. Course requirements are therefore are resident in the program for five years. designed to give entering students a solid foundation in historical knowledge and theoretical discourse, with sufficient flexibility to allow the initiation and pursuit of individual research agendas. The program’s focus is on

286 VISUAL STUDIES

ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAPHY I & II Erieta Attali Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Photography is capable of deceit—both intentional and unintentional—in terms of scale, context, and physical condition. But photography can in some cases reveal both the shortcomings and the sensations that remain hidden in plans and sections. Architectural photography can aid in understanding an architect’s ideas and intentions and can provide insight into the meaning of form. It provides us not only with documentary evidence but also serves as a stimulant for the critical mind. The purpose of these courses was to offer both a technical and a theoretical understanding of architectural photography. The composite manipulation of light and space and the interaction of form and texture were employed as the primary expressive tools. The courses investigated the crucial and expressive aspects of form and focused on conveying the essence rather than an optical description of a building. The deﬁnite relationship of building and environment in both aesthetic and practical terms was also addressed. With the development of new materials such as architectural plastics and the extended use of old ones such as glass and metal, the building envelope is in a continual state of transformation, and its context

is continuously revealed, mirrored, and distorted. The B

approach of various prominent architectural photogD

raphers served as a comparative analytical tool. Christopher Brazee, D Jong Seo Kim, B Maurizio Mucciola, A Kalina Toffolo, C

287 URBAN PL ANNING

HISTORY AND THEORY OF PLANNING Robert Beauregard Fall 2006

This course weaved together the substantive history of the planning profession in the United States with its intellectual evolution. It focused on the planning function and related planning roles. This course considered different rationales for undertaking planning, alternative ways of practicing it, the relationships between experts and citizens, and the political tensions within planning practice. Particular attention was given to the interplay of power and knowledge, ethics and social responsibility, and issues of race, gender, class, and identity.

URBAN PL ANNING

LAND USE PLANNING Jonathan Martin Spring 2007

This course presented the fundamentals of land use a range of community situations. Through case study population change into their land use implications for planning as practiced in the United States today and analysis of several large-scale planned developments land, location, and community services, determined the gave students the opportunity to develop and design in New York City, students learned analytic and syn- suitability of land and locations for various land uses, a land use plan for a small hypothetical city. Prior to thetic skills, practiced oral, graphic, and written com- and applied computer technology to speciﬁc planmakdeveloping the HypoCity, students studied contempo- munication skills, and participated as effectives mem- ing tasks such as map presentations, land suitability rary land use planning issues, including urbanization bers of a planning team. and urban growth trends, ethics, quality of life indica-

analyses, and the drawing of plans. The tangible result

Each team determined the socioeconomic, cultural, of the semester’s work was a professional-grade land

tors, ecological land use planning, and inner city revi- environmental and political aspects of their HypoCity use plan that incorporated the fundamentals of land talization. Attention was also given to what constitutes to form a context for planning that allowed them to use planning and the particular innovations created by a comprehensive plan, principles of good plan-mak- pursue particular issues of interest. Teams assessed the planning teams. ing, where to start, speciﬁc steps to take, information existing and emerging community conditions, formuneeds, and how to choose methods to accommodate lated goals, translated projections of economic and URBAN PL ANNING

POLITICS, PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION Ethel Sheffer Spring 2007

Planners must be thoroughly familiar with the con- development practice. Where possible, the individual straints and resources of public and government case studies included site visits, question-and-answer processes in order for projects to move forward. This sessions with the project designers, developers, city course studied the connections between politics, politi- ofﬁcials, and representatives of community and civic cal institutions, policy making, and planning decisions. groups involved in the review and approval process, Emphasis was placed on an understanding and analy- as well as detailed project analysis, using the primary sis of American governing structures at the federal, materials and plans that were used in the original state, and local levels, and the key players who shape project reviews. Through examination of the interacurban planning and implementation. Through a series tions between planning, investment, regulation, and of case studies of recent large-scale projects in New development, a more thorough understanding of the York and other American cities, this course integrated planner’s participation in the shaping of the urban political thought and planning goals with real-life built environment can be achieved.

288 URBAN PL ANNING

SITE PLANNING AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS Sigurd Grava + Graham Trelstad Spring 2007

For the built environment to operate properly, engi- deals with the most common form of city building dur- neered systems. New approaches seek to minimize neered service systems and roadways are needed. For ing the last half-century in North America. While fre- fiscal cost by relying more on natural processes. it to be healthful and pleasant, modern utility networks quently dismissed as sprawl, new attitudes and prac-

It is not enough for professional planners and de-

and support facilities have to be developed. To move tices can create attractive communities in balance with signers to just appreciate these concerns; they must human settlements toward sustainability, advanced the natural environment and municipal infrastructure. be able to work actively and responsibly in the structechnology and sensible use of natural processes Municipal engineering has been a concern in human turing and implementation of the base systems and should be put in play. The institutional and ﬁnancial settlements since ancient times. Dirty water, abysmal new concepts. frameworks, within which service systems have to be sanitation, and lack of mobility have plagued city resiimplemented and maintained, need critical attention.

dents for centuries and persist today in much of the

Within this context, the practical scope of the course developing world. Only in the last century have workencompassed what is generally known as subdivision able systems been developed that can handle livability design and municipal engineering. Subdivision design problems, albeit through heavy investment in engiURBAN PL ANNING

ancient conﬂict between nature and culture, and if we

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING FOR AN URBANIZING WORLD: ECOLOGICAL CHANGE AND PLANNING THE ADAPTIVE CITY

are not quite ready yet to design with nature, then we

Peter Marcotullio Fall 2006

must at least declare a cease-fire. In this course students sought to address, through tangible focused research, the contradictions, tradeoffs, and synergies that environmental planners work through, to bridge the gaps between our built environment, nature, and our health and well-being. The course explored the use of ecological infrastructure as an evolving urban form and typology potentially capable of addressing the need for an intelligent and close-

In part, urban planning seeks to reconcile the tempo- planet’s 6.5 billion people in urban areas. What does ly blurred relationship between nature and artiﬁce. ral and normative mismatch among capitalist market it mean to be an urban dweller? Is the right to the city The long journey to the sustainable city has begun. economies, natural systems, and social institutions, merely the right to survive and reshape the city and through discursive and deliberative means. That social its processes according to our desires; or does the inequities are increasing at all spatial scales—and that responsibility for endurance oblige consideration of the wealthier people of the world are consuming fossil others and future generations we will never meet? fuels at a rate that endangers the health and survival of With the nature of change itself changing in the last many poorer people of the world—is an indication that ﬁfty years due to globalization’s accelerating impacts the planning mission has, in practice, often prioritized on biological and physical systems, social actors are economic rather than social or ecological goals.

challenged to remedy the inequities and disturbances

This decade marks history’s ﬁrst recognition of that result from our engines of production. The accua majority urbanized humanity, with over 50% of the mulating contradictions of modernity exacerbate the URBAN PL ANNING

PLANNING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Nora Libertun de Duren Fall 2006

This course explored the theory and practice of devel- in developing countries should be distinguished from opment in urban areas in developing countries. The those used in developed countries. course had three main objectives: (1) to

The course syllabus assembled a collection of

review competing schools of thought on theory- and policy-oriented readings revolving around why some regions prosper while others the question of urban underdevelopment. At the same remain underdeveloped; (2) to examine time that it presented current case studies in internathe main institutions affecting urban tional locations, the course fostered a critical underdevelopment and analyze the conditions standing of the relation between ideas and practice. under which these are likely to promote Students were encouraged to ponder and share their successful policies; and (3) to consider own experiences and knowledge of the developing how, if at all, principles guiding planning world in light of the ideas presented in class.

289 URBAN PLANNING PROGRAM 2006-2007 Elliot Sclar, director

in the fall addressing housing, co-taught by Michael Bell and Michael Skrebutenas, and Digital Design for Planners, taught in the spring by Tim Boyle. Coursework continues to balance theory and practice, academic discourse and real world problems. Four ﬁrst year studios required students to build on coursework to produce plans for clients in places around the globe. Studios this spring included: the Brooklyn Triangle, led by Lance Freeman, examining housing in Williamsburg, Brooklyn; an inquiry into the feasibility of sustainable development for tourism in

The focus of the Urban Planning Program is on fu- mental challenges brought about by a rapidly urban- Miches, the Dominican Republic, led by Georgia Sarkin; ture physical, economic, and social well being of the izing world is a central concern of the Program. world's cities. The rapid pace of global urbanization

the Sheridan Expressway, led by Floyd Lapp, consider-

The Urban Planning Program began the academic ing the decommissioning of the Sheridan expressway

has been accompanied by an increasing polarization year welcoming three new faculty members: Dr. in the Bronx; and a look at community redevelopment between the well off and the poor in the cities of both Robert Beauregard, Dr. Stacey Sutton, and Dr. Smita in New Orleans, led by Stacey Sutton. the more developed and less developed nations of the Srinivas. They bring an enrichment of the program’s world. Unless these polarizations and the ensuing an- focus on international development, economic detagonisms are reversed, global urbanization and the velopment, and planning theory. The program also population migrations it has engendered will work welcomed Elliott Sclar, returning again as the active to the detriment and not the betterment of all of us. Director of the Program. Developing the capacity of the next generation of plan-

We enriched the curriculum with new classes in-

ners to adapt to and address the social and environ- cluding a combined Architecture and Planning studio

URBAN PLANNING PH.D. PROGRAM Robert Beauregard, director

The Ph.D. Program prepares students for careers in Justin Steil teaching, research, and advanced practice in the fields Erika Svendsen of urban planning and urban policy. The program has Mark Walker as its specific field of inquiry the articulation of space Lei Wang (understood as material form, not mere geographic Sabrina Williams territory) and the socio-economic, political, and physical urban processes that produce and reproduce the PH.D. CANDIDATES WITH ACCEPTED built environment. These investigations take place at DISSERTATION PROPOSALS various spatial scales from the neighborhood to the Gabriella Carolini global and focus both within and outside the United Sponsor: Elliott Sclar States. Organizing this inquiry are questions related Matthew Gebhardt: “Politics, Planning and Power: Reto the efficiency and effectiveness of planning prac- developing Public Housing in Chicago.” tices, social justice, and the growth and development Sponsor: Susan Fainstein

PH.D. COMMITTEE

of societies.

Milena Gomez: “Latinization of New York.”

Robert Beauregard

Sponsor: Elliott Sclar

Elizabeth Blackmar

PH.D. CANDIDATES

Nausheen Anwar: “Infrastructure and State in Pakistan.” Lawrence Brown

Padmini Biswas

Sponsor: Sumila Gulyani

Coralie Bryant

Gabriella Carolini

John Powers:

Charles Cameron

James Connolly

Sponsor: Susan Fainstein

Kenneth Frampton

Jay Deputy

Erica Svendsen: “Landscapes of Resilience: Urban Lance Freeman

Matthew Gebhardt

Greenways and the Emergence of Urban Steward- Ester Fuchs

Susan Gladstone

ship Regimes.”

Herbert Gans

Greta Goldberg

Sponsor: Elliott Sclar

Jeffrey Henig

Milena Gomez

Mark Walker: “Transportation Beneﬁts of Locating Kenneth Jackson

Constantine Kontokosta

Destination Uses at Priority Transit Stations.”

Peter Marcuse

Bruno Bispo da Garca Lobo

Sponsor: Elliott Sclar

Lorraine Minnite

Shagun Mehrotra

Lei Wang: “FDI—Dependent Industrial Development Richard Nelson

Nausheen Anwar

in China.”

Mary Northridge

Johannes Novy

Sponsor: Elliott Sclar

Brendan O'Flaherty

Ingrid Olivo

Sabrina Williams: “Why Meaning Counts: Public Hous- Jorge Otero-Pailos

Jung Eun Park

ing Policy Development.”

Charles Sabel

James Potter

Sponsor: Peter Marcuse

Elliott Sclar

John Powers

Smita Srinivas

Emmanuel Pratt

David Stark

Joyce Rosenthal

Stacey Sutton

Yumie Song

290

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND URBAN SOCIAL POLICY RESEARCH UNIT RESEARCH LAB

Smita Srinivas, director

Padmini Biswas, coordinator

ADVISORY BOARD Lourdes Beneria (Cornell University)

TCUSP - EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY

Martha Chen (Harvard University)

The Technological Change and Urban Social Policy research unit (TCUSP)

Richard Lester (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

is a research and advisory program associated with Columbia’s University’s

Richard Nelson (Columbia University)

Urban Planning program. TCUSP brings together economic development and

Michael Piore (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

social policy concerns underlying technological changes in urban city-re-

Bishwapriya Sanyal (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

gions and countries today. The research and philosophical engagement of

Elliott Sclar (Columbia University)

TCUSP is with the manner in which efﬁciency and equity are instituted and

Alakh Sharma (Institute of Human Development, New Dehli)

play out in practice. The social regulation of the economy emerges in diverse

R.K.A. Subrahmanya (Social Security Association, India)

ways and TCUSP research aims to lay out several practice and theory dilemmas that affect national and city-regional economic development.

291

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND URBAN SOCIAL POLICY RESEARCH UNIT The program brings together an eminent advisory board of scholars and practitioners and several afﬁliates. Currently, TCUSP works across multiple

DUALISM, REGULATION AND COOPERATION

industrial sectors with ongoing and planned projects across several coun- Taking a sectoral approach, this project is focused on a re-visiting tries. The focus of current TCUSP programs is in better understanding issues of dualism and informality from the standpoint of (a) the socio-posuch as labour market informalization, working conditions, access to health- litical context within which work is organized and re-organised care and skills, mechanization, and the role of State, markets and representa- (b) local economic governance and pressures for urban developtive organizations in mediating these.

ment (c) the conditions under which cooperation mechanisms and movements for social protections appear to be emerging within these sectors.

WHAT IS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE?

The project will look at low-income workers, especially wom-

Technological change in economics refers to a change in the set of feasible pro- en, in the construction industry and waste-collection/rag-pickduction possibilities. In daily life, it refers to new ways of producing goods and ers worldwide. These sectors are increasingly regulated and services, often with new machines and techniques, variations in the use of capi- standardised. A ﬁrst look begins in India. tal and labor, and shifts to new forms of economic and industrial organization. More broadly, technological change is a process of institutional change having important implications for labor and workers’ welfare and calling STATES, MARKETS, AND “NEW” INDUSTRIAL forth new divisions of labor, new forms of representation and identity forma-

RELATIONS

tion. These institutions may encompass norms of work, relations of people “New” Industrial Groups and Industrial Welfare Traditional industrial relations in several countries are pre-

with machines, production systems, social reward and recognition as well

as mechanisms for governance, participation and protest. Thus, technologi- mised on speciﬁc roles for State and worker representation. This cal change research is intimately concerned with practice and theories of in- project looks across multiple countries and sectors at how the role stitutions and governance and assumptions and reality regarding economic of the State is formed and contested by several “new” identities. The State, Market and Innovation -- (Bio)pharmaceuticals, In-

growth and equity.

dustrial Welfare, and Healthcare Access This research analyses the changing context of market and

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, NATIONS AND CITY-REGIONS

welfare regulation in shaping health innovations and condi-

Today, over half the world’s population—around 3 billion people—lives in tions of access to health care. The roles of State and market are urban areas. Most of these people work in rapidly transforming sectors. As central to this analysis. This project focuses on pharmaceutiproducers, their employment prospects, identities and conditions of work are cals, biopharmaceuticals, and vaccines. One dominant mode of intimately tied to technological changes that provide new ways of delivering access being investigated is labour/work status and history of goods and services. This has signiﬁcant import for urbanisation and indus- social health insurance. Research is completed on Indian phartrialisation especially in several so-called developing countries where the maceuticals and biopharmaceuticals and international vaccine pace of both is accelerating. In addition, several technological innovations in efforts for HIV/AIDS and other illnesses. health, information, communication, and automation are redeﬁning the ways in which industrial sectors perform and the ways in which people as consumers use products and processes.

TECHNOLOGIES: INNOVATION, DIFFUSION,

While the productive and efﬁciency aspects of economic development often RELEVANCE dominate national and regional debates, there is an urgent need to give atten- Several of the projects comprise a technology innovation and tion to labour and health issues in considering urban development—the eq- diffusion component. For example, the work on all 3 sectors uity aspects of the debate. These may include planning and policy concerns involves some emphasis on process and product technologies, such as availability and conditions of work, labour standards, the constrained mechanization and trade-related technical standards. In addiright to use public spaces, or the impact of global trade on the location, pace of tion, research with collaborators involves different approaches productivity changes and intensity of work. In addition, technological changes to innovation (e.g. Srinivas and Sutz’s forthcoming 2007, “Develdrive new forms of identity and collective action. New forms of labour organis- oping Countries and Innovation: Searching for a New Analytiing are now evident in several countries, and the neighbourhood, as much as cal Approach”, Technology in Society). the factory is equally a locus of organising and identity. The city-region then, is neither a neat subset of the nation-state, nor simply a passive backdrop to Millenium Development Goals—India: Technological Innovaindustrial change. Urban governance and development is at the core of nations, Labour, and Health Systems tional economies; thus, microeconomic changes at the level of the industrial Shyama Ramani, project coordinator The upcoming project involves providing research and policy

sector have important macroeconomic repercussions.

inputs for a project initiated by faculty at INRA-ESR in France with TCUSP and several Indian universities. For this project,

TCUSP INDUSTRY SECTORS

“Mapping Strategies to attain the millennium goals (MDG) in

Sectors of TCUSP involvement for both research and policy work are currently: India” (Attaining MDGs-India), TCUSP will focus on specifying t QIBSNBDFVUJDBMT CJPUFDIOPMPHJFT BOE WBDDJOFT

urgent gaps and possible solutions to healthcare systems in the

t DPOTUSVDUJPO

country, integrating both industrial policy (medicines/vaccines)

t XBTUF DPMMFDUJPO BOE SBH QJDLJOH

and labour. By understanding the interplay between institutions

Each of these sectors is important in terms of national industrial produc- of industrialisation and social protection, TCUSP’s collaborattion and urban development, but also for the shaping of health and labour ing group will take speciﬁc instances of health challenges, and welfare systems.

discovering realistic means by which to integrate the recommendations of various Millennium Task Forces.

TCUSP CURRENT RESEARCH THEMES TCUSP’s current projects on technological change are structured around the

following broad thematic areas:

SERVICES EMPLOYMENT.

t %VBMJTN BOE JOGPSNBMJUZ

TCUSP’s mandate is to explore the conditions under which shifts in

t 4UBUFT BOE NBSLFUT JO JOEVTUSJBM XFMGBSF

production technologies and organization in goods and services is

t 5FDIOPMPHJFT JOOPWBUJPO EJGGVTJPO SFMFWBODF

tied to better conditions of work and social protections.

BANGALORE, INDIA: URBAN MANUFACTURING AND

292 A

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND URBAN SOCIAL POLICY RESEARCH UNIT A

293

294 ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

QUADRANTE AND THE POLITICIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE IN FASCIST ITALY David Rifkind, Ph.D.

Through a detailed study of the journal Quadrante and two world wars. An exhaustive study of Quadrante in its circle of architects, critics, artists, and patrons, this its social context will begin to explain the relationPh.D. dissertation investigates the relationship be- ships among the political content of an architecture tween modern architecture and fascist political prac- that promoted itself as the appropriate expression of tices in Italy during Benito Mussolini’s regime (1922- Fascist policies, the cultural aspirations of an archi43). Rationalism, the Italian variant of the modern tecture that drew on contemporary developments in movement in architecture, was at once pluralistic and literature and the arts, and the international function authoritarian, cosmopolitan and nationalistic, politi- of a journal that promoted Italian modernism to the cally progressive and yet fully committed to the politi- rest of Europe while simultaneously exposing Italy to cal program of Fascism. As of yet, there is no detailed, key developments across the Alps. comprehensive analysis of the theoretical debates that shaped Italian architecture in the years between the HISTORY/ THEORY

POLITICS OF SPACE: CITIES, INSTITUTIONS, EVENTS Mary McLeod Spring 2007

This seminar explored the roles of space, power, and on historical time by placing a new importance on politics in the urban environment from the Enlighten- space. The writings of more recent theorists (such as ment to the present. In contrast to some Marxist ap- Michel de Certeau, Teresa Caldeira, Mike Davis, Guy proaches that see architecture primarily as an ideo- Debord, Andreas Huyssen, Elizabeth Wilson, Marshall logical reﬂection of dominant economic forces, this Berman) were also examined with regard to issues seminar investigated how power is actually produced concerning the politics of space. The class undertook and embodied in the physical environment. Two theo- a series of case studies from those institutions that rists were critical to this exploration: the philosopher gained identity in the eighteenth century—prisons, and sociologist Henri Lefebvre and the philosopher/ asylums, clinics—to contemporary situations of spechistorian Michel Foucault, both of whom share a skep- tacle and consumption, such as Disneyland or Times ticism towards Enlightenment rationality and attempt Square, and concluded with the World Trade Center to counter the traditional Marxist/Hegelian emphasis site and contemporary debates about redevelopment. VISUAL STUDIES

PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMATS David Reinfurt Fall 2006, Spring 2007

The prevailing model of professional book produc- sors, and increasingly fluid communications networks tion is firmly entrenched in the Fordist assembly line. have facilitated the shift to a Just-In-Time mode of print Writing, design, production, printing, production. Books can be produced by a wider number and distribution are each handled dis- of less specialized individuals, design revisions can be cretely by specialists as the project pro- made on the fly, and quantities can be smaller and the ceeds through a chain of command and distribution network more responsive. A book might production, where economies-of-scale reasonably be written by the designer who begins a and their required capital investment layout and works with an editor who commissions a necessarily limit who and what can be writer and sources a printer to produce fifty copies by published. Recently, laser printers, cell next Wednesday. Coincident with this shift, there is an phones, photocopiers, page-layout soft- opportunity for self-publishing, economies of scope, ware, instant messaging, word proces- and alternate networks of distribution, forming an

295 B

accessible, powerful, portable platform for modeling design ideas. This workshop provided a background in the graphic design and production of short books and explored alternative printing, publishing and distribution strategies such as Print-On-Demand, Online Archives, iPhoto Books, PDFs, Digital Offset, and Subscription services.

Jin Woo Lim, A/B Marcella Del Signore, C

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO /STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Alisa Andrasek, critic Spring 2007

This studio explored the shift from the technique- the probabilistic and improvisational nature of probased approach that has dominated generative ar- grammatic patterns. chitectural practices in the recent past, toward the

As a means of addressing a more conventional

more explicit computational approach by engaging understanding of architectural program—that which with scripting directly in an open source manner, ad- ﬁxes and regulates—students considered logics that dressing a growing culture of collective computational are provisional and interactive in nature, and thus inknowledge emerging within the discipline.

vested themselves in the processes of autonomy and

Rather than individualities as subject or form, de- invention. This offered an opportunity for participatory sign is understood as genetic inscription. The paral- occupancy and creative forces of multitude. Students lel reality of the invisible code is a common ground worked with the idea of production of space through for multiple actualizations. Immense in terms of their the interaction of its inhabitants and with the higher algorithmic origin, these systems are able to support definition and resolution of the fabric of the space.

296

Parawares http://metaware.wetpaint.com/page/_parawares

Zachary Aders, B/C Samuel Brissette Brian Brush Michael Contento, A Michael Eisenwasser Jin Ply Eun Seung Teak Lee, D/E/F Philip Lin Deborah Richards Dino Rossi

Daniel Ruzeu

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIOS/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Michael Bell, critic Spring 2007

What are the relationships between space and the equipment and programs that could be said to be intrinsic to, parallel to, or covalent with volume? What materials and practices join and segregate themselves in the making of functional spaces—their volumes and surfaces—and the myriad of equipment they contain? Is it possible that architects are mistaken to overly calculate new forms of space and use for social programs—that is, for cultural or societal goals? Students were asked to propose new interactions among program, equipment, and architectural space, paying particular attention to the presence of human attention in these post-human spaces. Do the attributes of space connect clearly and with visible cues or knowledge, or are there various degrees of disconnectedness or partial connections? Who perceives the spaces, equipment, and processes? Studio projects often invoke a kind of latter-day humanism; that is, they proceed with a latent belief that the designer’s intentions will be understood by the eventual occupant of the building, but more so that the work will connect

297 that which is often disconnected or partial. Building details and spatial attributes (light, sound, ﬂuorescent light spectra, color gradients) either fall into some continuous ﬁeld of intention or more likely in actual conditions fail to cohere save for the framing of perception—a subject’s time-based experience and forms of attention. Wayne Congar Peter Crandall Aaron Davis, D/E

Colin Fitzgerald Steven Garcia

Greta Hansen, A

Mia Ihara Yong Ju Lee, C Alexander Maymind, B Leah Meisterlin Daniel Payne

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Alice Chun, critic Spring 2007

Materials and their methods of building are increasingly multiplying as our inherent notions of material significance and signification are increasingly challenged. This studio challenged the opportunities and limits of the material and immaterial nature of architectural production. Building begins with a dialogue of construction strategies among experience, interpretation, and translation into program, structure, and representation. Modes of material experimentation were utilized as a vehicle to articulate and clarify the students’ conceptual positions and strategies. These strategies for making were discovered through a constant variable, similar to William Richard Lethaby's idea of an “elegant technology” leading experimental construction. As a Janosian condition, it reconciles the art of thinking with constructing. The first “step” is devoted to the conjuring of “idea” as a visceral intersection between the “eye of the mind” and the body of building possibilities.

298 B

Yun Suk Choi Priscilla Fraser Jinwoo Heo, D/E Sharone Piontkowski Dahlia Roberts, A Laura Des Rosiers Elizabeth Shearer, F Mathew Staudt Miriam Ward, B/C D

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Yolande Daniels, critic Spring 2007

This studio focused on the matrix of dynamic behavA

iors and actions at the site. Projects indicated possible attitudes to the urban environment and possible structuring methods and architectural rationalizations. A parallel instance “involves the concurrent or simultaneous performance of certain operations” while parallelism is a geometric method for describing forms in precise intervals and orientations. Networks imply an “other” order of enmeshed relationships, of vectors and intersections, of chaos or order on a scale beyond comprehension. Geometries are balanced in the study of temporal effects, of change in space over time, of duration, actions, and motivations.

299 B

Brian Ackley Otis Berkin, A/B Leu yu Chen Michael Chow Benjamin Epstein Edgar Forrest Jessee Sung Yong Lee Clinton Miller Hyun il Oh, C/D Se-Yoon Park Ayala Rosen

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Jeannie Kim, critic Spring 2007

The program for this studio called for the collapse of a visitor’s check-in for Rikers Island and a remote

check-in facility for LaGuardia Airport on a corner of Queensboro Plaza. 80% of the city’s average daily inmate population of 13,497 (FY2006) stays on Rikers Island, along with 7,500 employees and 1,100 visitors five days a week. Visitors to Rikers currently go through more or less the same security as inmates (and air travelers), i.e., a line-scan x-ray, metal detector, and hand-scanning. LaGuardia Airport employs 8,000 people, processes an average of 66,946 (FY2004) passengers (and 1,585 non-travelers) per day on roughly 500 flights to 519 cit- lease, and air travel? Who would visit? Another way ies. It is likely that an expedited check-in for La Guar- to ask the question, perhaps, is that if the challenge of dia airport would serve the opposite end of the demo- the studio is one of representation, what graphic spectrum. The universal humiliation of going is Queensboro Plaza? What is Long Isthrough screening at the airport has, perhaps inevita- land City? What will it be? bly, led to privatized efforts to expedite the process for those who can afford it. Ostensibly, the question raised by the program addresses the ‘design’ and control of the public sphere, but where is the architecture? What is the role of a visitor’s center on a site that is defined by its perimeter, a semi-solid plaza described by flows of transportation, gentrification, cycles of prison re-

300 Christopher Barley Egbert Chu

Emily Johnson, A Junhee Jung Sharif Khalje Sharon Kim, B Joseph McGrath Katie Shima, C/D/E Troy Therrien

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING DIFFERENCING: MICROINTENSITIES Philip Parker, critic Spring 2007

The brief directly implicates the architect of a liberal

In the contemporary security apparatus the so-

western democracy in a position of discomfort, even a

cial body is measured, probed, virtually undressed,

crisis. Architectures of modernity and neo-modernity

scanned, watched, recalibrated, and measured along

operating within ideologies of transparency and inclu-

an inﬁnity of variables; it is divided into its numer-

sion are directly confronted by an intensely perceived

ous imagined potentials for inﬂicting harm. Having

social threat and a return to an architecture of fortiﬁ-

data, keeping it, recording it, and holding it for fu-

cation and boundaries. The brief asks the architect to

ture mining when a new threat becomes visible ac-

evolve a work that intensiﬁes the distinctions among

celerates the demand for ﬁner and ﬁner degrees of

these conditions, re-conceiving the participant in ur-

difference and more nuanced mechanisms for its

ban life as ﬁgured by an ethics of local and individual determinations of difference.

assembly in virtual colonies. The studio works with A

the distinctions of the virtual and actual colonies of a secure social surface.

301 C

Brigette Borders, E Michelle Chang Zachary Colbert, C/D Jee-Hye Kim Ji Yoon Oh Laurence Sarrazin Lindsey Sherman, A/B Jon Turkula Cheryl Wong

Architecture performs as an assembly of lines E

distinguishing between one territory and another, directing passages through these distinctions and articulating differences in local as well as vast ﬁelds of continuity. These lines of difference are determined by the material distinctions in concrete instances; rather than a reiteration of an idealized geometry these lines are drawn by the ﬂux and pressures of a vital social matter. They attempt to draw out an architecture of variable intensities and to articulate, even model, finely grained increments of difference.

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Mark Rakatansky, critic Spring 2007

FLOCK TOGETHER Birds of a feather are supposed to ﬂock together, but

what urban flocking might occur when birds of different feathers flock together? If the definition of all art is: the inevitability but the impossibility of two entities to occupy to same place at the same time, this being the definition both of tragedy and of comedy, then in this tragic and comic entanglement of urban flocking, new forms of occupancy may arise. An occupancy—of site, of program, of structure—that coheres through simultaneous approach and avoidance, separation and alignment. These latter terms are the very terms used to describe the behaviors of the digital modeling of flocks, called boids, the rapid evolution in the modeling of which should be a lesson for architecture. The first primitive model, already over twenty years ago, had only unmotivated geometric shapes moving in empty space, without the constraints of internal program or external site. But immediately that very first year, evolved versions included external obstacles or foes to avoid, branches or food to approach. And it only took one more year for there to be friends to approach, with the cross-species love between fish and fowl, flock-

302 ing and schooling, to emerge in the short animation Marlo Brown “Stanley and Stella: Breaking the Ice.”

Michael Cavander

After over ﬁfteen years in architecture of discuss- Hinna Kapoor ing adaptive responsive systems, if these modelings William Kemper are to evolve it’s time for evolving some emergent Kyung Jae Kim, C/D behavior—material behaviors, program behaviors, Hyong Gul Kook contextual behavior, social and psychological behav- Karen Kubey ior—back into our very model and modelings.

Roman Pohorecki William Roediger-Robinette, A/B C

CORE ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 2

NETWORK PARALLELISM: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE POST-PUBLIC STRUCTURING Karla Rothstein, critic, with Diana Martinez Spring 2007

A densely interconnected field is in flux—little is sacred, and almost anything can happen. We are conscious of our capacity to recalibrate perception and expectation, and receptive to new imaginations of potential. We believe in an essential empowerment of palpable exploration and tangible propositions emerging out of initially ethereal ideas and concepts. The content of theoretical and critical discourse informs structure, dynamics, and image, and ideas implicate function, material, and form. Effective constraints are powerful allies—pushing against them, we extend the realm of intellectual practice within architecture while challenging normative expectations and entrenched social hierarchies. Developing pliant strategies, responsive within complex urban lives, we allow the indeterminacy of urban social space to flourish within re-configured collective protocols. We juggle and synthesize multiple channels of information, negotiating seemingly contradictory confluences of power, scale, temporality, and agenda. Performance and projective possibility require precise action and specific

303 Brett Dorfman

technique. Layering, looping and fusion replace linear or formulaic thinking, promoting broad exploration to

Rychiee Espinosa, E/F

surpass perceived limits. We seek tangible evidence

Daniel Kidd, B/C

of intellectual journeys—things happen along the way:

Jong Seo Kim

obstacles, detours, strange acquaintances, the bonds

Seth McDowell, D

of shared adversity, the fantasy or hypothesis of an out-

Jeffrey Millet

come—a wild alchemy from one world into another.

Majda Muhic Younjin Park, A Olivia Ramos Benjamin Reich B

Brett Dorfman Rychiee Espinosa, E/F

Christian Ruud

Daniel Kidd, B/C Jong-seo Kim Andrew McDowell, D Jeffrey Millet Majda Muhic Younjin Park, A Olivia Ramos Benjamin Reich Christian Rude

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

POWER GRID Mark Wasiuta, critic Summer 2006

In shock, under shock therapy, the studio invented ture shock—the Department of Energy an architecture of energy, pieced together and is instituted by the Carter administraawakened—Frankenstein’s monster—by channel- tion. Its headquarters is the recycled ing diverse modes and tributaries of power, and by “Little Pentagon,” a signal of the emergtracing their alignment with issues of national “en- ing interlacing of energy and defense. ergy security” and energy diplomacy.

Shock 3. With the current energy

At least three historical episodes of shock fed crises, all tropes of power collapse into the studio.

the vortex of political reality. Energy

Shock 1. The modern metropolis is conceived as “a sources, energy costs, energy futures vast reservoir as electricity,” a city of power, that delivers determine and overdetermine questions a psychic shock to the life of the city and its inhabitants. of defense, national and U.S. foreign Shock 2. Under the shock of energy scarcity—fu- policy. Cold war antagonisms have ceded to energy tactics and to competition for international energy resources. Not only recycling but building again and anew for the Department of Energy, its bureaucracies, wastelands, and outposts, the studio fixated on the contradictions, compromises and complexities of power grids and networks, even while keeping alive proclamations for a modernity animated by A

shock and electrification.

PQ RST

304 C

Richard Bednarczyk John Brockway, D/E

Natalia Canas-del-Pozo, C Po Chen Mei Jia Jiyoung Seo Lei Tang Stanley Wangsadihardja, A/B

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE/HISTORIC PRESERVATION STUDIO/STUDIO 5

THE VIRTUAL VOLCANO: A CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF INDIGENOUS POWER Paul Byard + Craig Konyk, critics Fall 2006

Conventional wisdom holds that architecture is about

But what if a city is built on a lakebed? And in a

stability. Our buildings and cities are in many ways an major earthquake zone? And on top of the ruins of the immutable construct, the constant physical presence Capitol City of a majestic Pre-Columbian civilization? in an increasingly mobile, mutated world. Preserva-

Mexico’s rich yet complex history manifests itself

tion is rooted in the psychological comfort of the un- upon every urban surface, creating a dense, layered changed, the maintaining of a visual appearance of our artifact. As an urban construct, Mexico City luxuriates most sacred shared asset: our cities. But the reality in the wealth of its contested histories, the story retold of architecture is that it is engaged in the revision of with each new intervention. Destroyed and rebuilt nuthe present, interested in the invention of the new. merous times, Mexico City exhibits itself as a fascinatThis tension is what allows our cities to thrive and be ing ruin, the ever-present archeology of civilization. the record of every collective ambition that has come Students investigated this phenomenology of architecbefore us.

ture presented as archeology, as something more than B

305 C

just a singular, isolated event. Building in the heart of Mexico City presented unintended consequences for the establishment of an architecture. Their work unearthed numerous unpredictable issues, not previously intended to be their focus of investigation.

Yelena Baybus

Richard Bednarczyk, C/D Mecayla Bruns, A/B Andrew Burne Raul Garcia Moncada Donna Pallotta Katrina Stoll Kalina Toffolo Tannar Whitney, E Robert Wing

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE CONSERVATION PRACTICE John Stubbs Spring 2007

Geopolitical shifts, the effects of globalization, and

This course provided an introduction to the key

radically improved communications and transporta- aspects of international architectural conservation tion have imposed extraordinary pressures for change practice by addressing methodologies, charters, and in every country in the world. The burgeoning ﬁeld of principles of practice; legal bases for heritage protecarchitectural conservation has responded accordingly, tion; and organizations, institutions, practicalities, and resulting in the creation of a variety of internationally best practices in various countries. funded programs and projects. As such, heritage conservation institutions, programs, and trained specialists are becoming increasingly involved in international architectural and planning projects, the heritage tourism industry, technical exchange schemes, and inter-governmental relations.

306 HISTORY/ THEORY

CULTIVATING CRITICAL PRACTICE Ana Miljacki Fall 2006

The seminar began by examining several collective attempts at theorizing the current situation in architectural discourse, published recently in Hunch, Log, the last issue of Assemblage, and the Harvard Design Magazine. Tracing the arguments and themes evident in these recent publications, the goal of the seminar was to figure the contemporary relationships between various types of architectural work: built, imagined, and written. The course was structured in terms of six coupled themes: city and global economy, urban plan and map of operations, program and performance, drawing and scripting, image and surface, and utopia and projection. Each of these coupled subjects was examined in terms of the recent history—as topics in the process of definition, rather than as singularly defined themes. As these themes accumulated over the course of the seminar, students constructed a series of provisional maps of the contemporary architectural discourse, allowing the consideration of certain works through a variety of lenses and necessitating the invention of new lenses to accommodate relationships that emerged through this cumulative process. Students repeatedly asked whether and how a certain work of architecture could be considered a critical intervention in the epistemic space of the architectural discipline and in the world beyond it, fundamentally implicating all participants in the seminar in a description of the field within which they too have to imagine critically their place and course of action. OMA, “When Buildings Attack”

PRACTICE

How exactly do designs become buildings? First, re-

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: TURNING DESIGNS INTO BUILDINGS

lationships must be forged among owners, architects,

Paul Segal Fall 2006

and contractors, establishing the duties, obligations, rights and remedies of each. Second, all parties involved must consider and abide by the public constraints and the public/private relationships by which individuals have their rights limited for the sake of the public good. The purpose of this course was to give students an understanding of these transformational processes—how to protect designs, from concept to realization, and how to develop a sensitivity to the ethical and moral issues of practicing architecture.

307 URBAN PL ANNING

WORKSHOP IN PLANNING PRACTICE Jason Corburn Fall 2006

Workshop in Planning Practice introduced ﬁrst year graduate students to some key practice dilemmas that professional planners face and the skills necessary to manage these dilemmas. Students learned to think and act as professional planners, developing personal tool-kits and individualized skill sets that act as frameworks for the creation of successful planning interventions. Development of these skills enabled students to generate personal deﬁnitions of planning practice while simultaneously familiarizing them with core skills and established institutions of planning.

VISUAL STUDIES

VISIONARY METHODS OF PRACTICE Mathan Ratinam Spring 2007

The Carceri (Prisons) series of etchings by Piranesi marked a significant turning point in the 18th century of visually representing architectural spaces. Breaking from the rigid mathematical rules of linear perspective that had dominated architectural representation since the Renaissance, Piranesi sought to focus on the evocative qualities of images rather than the geometric order that was privileged by the conventions of perspective. The theatrical nature of his etchings have since been noticed by many outside the discipline of architecture and were of great influence to filmmak-

ers such as Eisenstien and more recently Spielberg.

Another such visionary, Hugh Ferris, who also created Rowena Rose Castillo, Brandon Komoda, perpectivally skewed cinematic renderings of archi- Jonathas Valle Filho, A/B tecture, believed that such distortion was necessary in Emily Morentz, Brad McCoy, C order to convey the “essential facts” of the subject. This course aimed to question the relationship between architecture and its representation and more speciﬁcally the role of animation in architecture. Students investigated the highly instrumentalized practice of digital representation and explored methods of breaking apart contemporary digital images in an effort to describe the poetic aspirations of an architectural proposition beyond its geometric description.

Kuochao Tseng, Luping Yuan, D

308 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

THEORY & PRACTICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION John Stubbs Fall 2006

This course offered an overview of the history and ect planning, standards, legislation, and project manpresent state of the field of architectural preservation agement were addressed. in the Western World as a basis for professional practice in the United States. Through lectures, readings, and class discussions, the background, theories, and present challenges in the field were examined. The course was organized around the principal facets of the field, namely: history, theory, methodology, technology, urban issues, and professional practice. Within these headings specific subjects and disciplines such as archaeology, museology, historical research, proj-

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES David Sampson Fall 2006

Cultural landscapes are the emerging battlegrounds equipped as the Hudson Valley to make a meaningful defeat of a massive cement plant near Olana, home of of the environmental and historic preservation move- and serious attempt to preserve its historic and com- Frederic Church—were analyzed, as were such innoments. Sprawl both with and without growth—the in- plicated landscape. satiable appetites of big-box stores and franchises—is

vative projects as the Scenic Hudson/Dia Art Gallery

This course, through readings, lectures, class dia- waterfront redevelopment partnership in Beacon. In

incrementally and slowly eating away our past. Farm- logues, case studies, and ﬁeld trips, examined the his- addition, international cultural landscape protection lands become housing projects, battleﬁelds become tory of the preservation of cultural and natural land- projects that grew out of the Hudson River Valley and theme parks, and vital urban areas become blighted scapes and current preservation techniques such as that helped bring a civil society into post-communist wastelands as the flight to the suburb continues.

regional planning, heritage tourism, and conservation Central and Eastern Europe were discussed.

Nowhere is this trend more visible than in New easements. The course included an analysis of how York’s Hudson River Valley, described by the National effective these techniques actually are. Institutional Parks Service as the landscape that deﬁned Ameri- frameworks, both governmental and private, were ca. At the same time, no area of the country was as highlighted. Recent and on-going threats—such as the HISTORIC PRESERVATION

PRESERVATION PLANNING Carol Clark Fall 2006

This course was a comprehensive introduction to the torical development of zoning was reviewed with an vation planning in Chicago and Pittsburgh and illusﬁeld of preservation planning that examined the con- emphasis on how a variety of techniques are practiced trated similarities and differences among practices stitutional underpinnings of landmarks regulation and today, particularly in the city of New York, to reinforce in different American cities. Challenges presented explored preservation planning practice in the United preservation planning goals. Use of related tools, such both by gentriﬁcation trends and by the successes and States. The connections between urban planning and as the growing application nationwide of neighbor- failures of Main Street programs were discussed, and historic preservation were investigated, but the focus hood conservation districts, was described. Financial students were urged to consider their own roles in the of the course was on applying the tools of preserva- incentives for rehabilitation, including investment tax future of the discipline. tion planning. These include designating landmarks credits, property tax incentives, and revolving loan and historic districts pursuant to local funds, were examined. Current issues in preservation legislation, preparing National Register planning including combating sprawl, promoting open nominations, and applying preservation space preservation and preserving rural landscapes, and conservation easements. The his- were addressed. Guest speakers highlighted preser-

309 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

HISTORIC PRESERVATION STUDIO I: WHY SAVE THIS BUILDING? Paul Byard, Françoise Bollack, Andrew Dolkart + Craig Konyk Fall 2006

This course is the first part of the Historic Preservation the (often conflicting) public and political forces at program’s professional training in the basic business work and of the place of historic preservation in it. The of Historic Preservation: the understanding, advocacy, intent was to enable the students to read the argument and protection of the public interest in the expression made by old architecture in its function, form and orof old buildings. Students addressed current complex namentation; to discover and document the history historic preservation conflicts to understand and pres- that contextualizes the argument; to recognize and ent issues of public and political interests in develop- judge the importance of what can be learned from the ment. This included the analysis, documentation and argument; and to make the case for saving it. presentation of the meaning and importance of the buildings in the conflict and the identification and analysis of the sources of the conflict itself. Particularly important were the identification and assessment of HISTORIC PRESERVATION

HISTORIC PRESERVATION STUDIO II: HOW TO SAVE THESE RESOURCES?

BIG BOX METROPOLIS: WHEN CORPORATIONS

pursues opportunities to accommodate its expected

CONSUME POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES

growth. It is likely that others will fall into the hands

Jorge Otero-Pailos, critic

of big-box corporations seeking to capitalize on ex-

Big-box furniture retailer Ikea is building its largest panding urban markets. To succeed in these land use North American store on the former Todd Shipyard debates over the post-industrial landscapes, presersite in Red Hook, Brooklyn. Construction of the store vation must pursue wider avenues between itself and has resulted in the destruction of valuable historic the various stakeholders. Clear links can be drawn beresources, including a row of Civil War era shipyard tween these groups and preservation which can bring buildings and a working graving dock for ship repair. about sustainable re-imagination of these currently The post-industrial landscapes of New York City will undervalued resources. This Studio II project studied increasingly be targeted for redevelopment as the city the many relationships between and inﬂuences of preservation, corporations, communities, and government entities, with a focus on the way these relationships are playing out in Red Hook, Brooklyn. Aliza Ross, Julianne Maila, Fee-Saskia Fricke, Lizzie Olson, Rachel Helmke, Polly Seddon, Erin Thompson

310 LINCOLN SQUARE: PRESERVING THE MODERN ARCHITECTURE OF SLUM CLEARANCE AND URBAN RENEWAL Francoise Bollack, critic Since the 1950s, the Lincoln Square area has undergone dramatic change. What had gained a reputation as a neighborhood overrun with drugs and crime, in 1958 became the site of the largest slum clearance and Urban Renewal project in New York City. Although not without hardship and controversy, the architecture born from the wide scale destruction yielded the cultural center and collection of modern architecture that fill the area today. This Studio II project focused on assessing and interpreting the significance of the Lincoln Square area and the individual buildings within it. The difficulty of preserving the architecture of a recent and in some ways negative past was addressed, and tools for the preservation of valuable assets in the Lincoln Square area were proposed. Amanda Kainer, John Gomez, Erica Morasset, Christina Muir, Amanda Crawley, Deirdre Gould

THE PROPOSED PELHAM PARKWAY HISTORIC

six-story elevator apartment house has long left the toric district and suggestions for other preservation

DISTRICT: ADVOCATING FOR THE SIX-STORY

building type under recognized and unappreciated. and maintenance techniques for the Pelham Parkway

APARTMENT HOUSE

Through many of these dwellings stand alone or in six-story apartment buildings.

Andrew Dolkart, critic

small numbers, a survey of other groups of six-story

The Pelham Parkway neighborhood of the Bronx has apartment houses afﬁrm that the Pelham Parkway Patrick Ciccone, Richard Handler, Cristiana Pena, long served as home to working- and middle-class area is one of few truly cohesive neighborhoods of Faisal Ali Rajper, Andrea Buono, Lacy Bubnash New York families. The six-story apartment houses this typology, also containing facilities to meet resiin which they reside provide comfortable living at af- dents’ commercial, religious and educational needs. fordable prices and it is because of this fact that they This Studio II project focused on researching and stand is such large numbers throughout the metro- documenting these buildings, their social history, and politan area. This commonality of the speculative their typology. This resulted in the proposal of a his-

311 PENN STATION REDUX: THE PRESERVATION OF THE

searched the history of development of Penn Station,

FARLEY POST OFFICE

which prompted the construction of the Farley Post

Dorothy Miner, critic

Ofﬁce building and other resources in the immediate

This group focused on the current issues centered area. Once a context was established the group asaround the Farley Post Office building. This was a sessed the significance of the post office and Madison multi-tiered project that had to deal with the preser- Square Garden as historic resources. The group came vation of the historic post office, proposals for alterna- to the conclusion that the Farley Post Office buildtive uses within the post office, how to insert a train ing was an important historical resource and should station into the post office, and ascertain whether or be preserved for future appreciation. While Madison not Madison Square Garden could be an appropriate Square Garden had some significance, it was detertenant within the post office complex. The students re- mined that the significance was located mainly in the engineering of the roof and not for the entire structure. Preservation guidelines were created for the Farley Post Office and recommendations for alternative occupants were offered. Lisa Calgaro, Daniel Fox, Carlos Huber, Allyson Mehley, Jiewon Song, Sara Taylor

VISUAL STUDIES

PROCESSING PROCESSING David Reinfurt Spring 2007

197 INFORMATION This workshop introduced fundamental technical and critical skills to engage the computer on its own terms,

fostering an understanding of the software, protocols, and languages which construct a computer. Complex computer programs can be (and usually are) built in an ad-hoc fashion, using smaller pieces of existing or free software. It is exactly this string and sealing wax approach, as British designer Anthony Froshaug once described it, which can yield work that is not over-determined by existing commercial software packages nor limited by production techniques. To this end, students used existing Processing projects—modifying, taking apart and re-using the code and structures to Kimiko Kubota, C produce their own projects. In the process, they gained Mailin Peng, A an understanding of fundamental programming meth- Roman Pohorecki, B odologies and a speciﬁc facility with Processing to explore concise programmatic experiments. The software-savvy architect can reclaim an intimate relationship not only with the design but also with the means of production. The goal of the course was to understand the computer as a simultaneous site of design, of production and of distribution; and this collapse of functions at one place and in real-time allows the creation of computational forms, models and organizations that are constantly rearranging, reconfiguring and recalculating.

312 URBAN PL ANNING

DESIGN AND PUBLIC HEALTH Mary Northridge + Elliott Sclar Spring 2007

The nineteenth century development of urban plan- health. In the next 50 years, urban planners seeking

This course provided the ideas and information

ning as a profession and academic discipline had its to improve the quality of life for increasing numbers necessary to integrate environmental viability and basis in public health initiatives, including the reform of urban residents throughout the world will grapple sustainable development with other primary concerns of tenement housing, the creation of urban water sup- with major social, political, economic, and environ- of urban planners and public health scientists and ply systems, the development of waste management mental issues that affect the physical structure of cit- practitioners, namely, social justice, human rights, infrastructures, and the building of greenbelt towns. ies and the health of their residents. Topics range from environmental integrity, and health in the broadest These initiatives, designed to improve the quality of those related to long-term trends, such as increases in sense, to include well-being and quality of life. life of urban dwellers, reﬂect the common origins of urbanization and population growth in poorer regions the urban planning and public health professions in of the world, to more recent emerging problems, such devising solutions for urban environmental problems. as the global spread of infectious diseases and the Contemporary environmental challenges are once creation of new refugee populations brought about, in again uniting the ﬁelds of urban planning and public part, by global climate change. HISTORY/ THEORY

PUBLIC SPACE AND RECOMBINANT URBANISM Grahame Shane Spring 2007

The evolution of a city involves the development of models were considered from around the world, both public space and density, followed by cycles of either past and present, culminating in student presentaexpansion or decline. This class examined the rules tions of case studies. that generate the initial growth and how they are transformed in later iterations, innovations or repetitions. A major focus was on the relation between the public space in different growth patterns of the city and the changing relations of various attractors. The seminar attempted to decipher how these relationships develop over time and what impacts these changes have on the built form, public space, and fabric of the city. Various alternative scenarios and city

OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS Jeannie Kim, director

053 BROADCASTING Given the nature of the GSAPP—a school that is intentionally always in a process of redefinition—the Office of Publications, almost by definition, continually fails to capture the energy and activity of the school. Despite this inevitable failure, however, the publications of the GSAPP retain as their goal the expansion of the range and engagement of architectural discourse. Beyond just the presentation of work completed in the design studios, the publications of the school endeavor to capture the overlapping experimental practices at the GSAPP at Columbia, producing the im-

313 age of the school as an environment of learning, deC

bate and exchange. Forthcoming publications include Land, Water, Infrastructure, a study of the relationship between those three terms in a global context, emerging out of a long-term research project conducted in South East Queensland, Australia; a catalogue of work and a videography of the experimental practice, Ant Farm; and the publication of a series of generational debates between Spanish architects invited to the GSAPP on the occasion of the exhibition, On-Site: New Architecture in Spain (12 February – 1 May 2006, Museum of Modern Art, New York).

PUBLICATIONS

PERIODICALS

Abstract 2005-2006, C

Real Estate Roundtable, G

Constellations: Constructing Urban Design

Volume, I

Practices (New Urbanisms 8), A

Future Anterior

Eco-Gowanus: Urban Remediation by Design (New Urbanisms 9), B Life Size, E/F The Question of New Orleans, H Land Water Infrastructure—Emerging Urban Futures, D

314 REAL ESTATE DE VELOPMENT

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Robert Paley Fall 2006

This course explored public sector involvement in real ing themes: (1) fundamentals of government initiative, developing public/private partnerships, governmental estate development, developing a set of skills and an including public purpose, political context, and gov- versus private planning initiatives, and promoting the understanding of the resources necessary to manage ernmental resources and process; (2) characteristics public interest. the complex blend of governmental powers and con- of public sector development, including multiple manflicting goals and agendas inherent in public/private dates and constituencies, focus on process and precedevelopment. This course examined the motivations, dent, short term political orientation versus long term powers, and constraints of public agencies, as well as planning and investment horizons, political and capital approaches to planning projects, soliciting support, risk, and public benefit and investment yield; (3) simisustaining momentum, and structuring public/private larities with the private development, including entrepartnerships. Case studies were drawn from a variety preneurship, market responsiveness, and intelligent of projects, primarily in the New York metropolitan design; (4) striking a balance between private goals region. The course was structured around the follow- and public purposes, including the fiduciary role in URBAN PL ANNING

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES: REASONING WITH STATISTICS Stacey Sutton Fall 2006

On a regular basis planners are called upon either to to critically review analyses prepared by others and to collect original data or to obtain data from secondary conduct basic statistical data analyses independently. sources. Therefore, planners must be comfortable summarizing, analyzing, and presenting quantitative data, and be comfortable developing logical empirically based arguments using statistical techniques and analytic methods. Additionally, urban planners are often called upon to review quantitative analyses and assess the validity of arguments made by others, as well as design independent research studies to test various hypotheses and make effective decisions. This course prepared graduate students in urban planning

REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Michael Buckley, director

The MSRED Program is an accelerated one-year Mas- re-use in the creation of buildings to produce econom- well as focusing its core curriculum on critical success ter of Science degree in Real Estate Development. The ic and social returns

factors and best practices for development including:

program deliberately focuses on development and the PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERING: the role of the devel- Real Estate Law, Market Support Analysis, Politics of skills and resources necessary to produce results. Our oper in forging innovative and effective public sector Development, Public/Private Partnerships, Internadedicated curriculum stresses the rapid acquisition of outcomes within private sector investment objectives

tional Development, Construction Technologies, Prod-

a required group of skill sets over the Four Quadrants ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT: managing development uct Development, Architectural Development Design, of the Real Estate Development spectrum: FINANCIAL ANALYTICS: to assess market support and

processes, professional talent, and physical assets The Columbia MSRED is the “D” School—not a “B”

and Asset/Enterprise Management. Additionally, the MSRED program beneﬁts from

pre-development feasibility and aid in for Business School—as the entire emphasis is on a breadth of working professional adjunct profesproject ﬁnancing

the Development sector exclusively, and not on gen- sors to bring a real-world and current practice set to

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: choice of eral business. The program is unique in its curriculum campus. The program also exposes students to our conﬁguration and design or adaptive which offers 2 semesters of Real Estate Finance as 11-year-old roundtable discussion series that brings

315 over 225 Real Estate Industry leaders to campus each suited to motivated individuals seeking to radically alter year to discuss current trends in Real Estate Develop- their career paths with significant new employment opment. A continuing success within the program is the tions in the Real Estate Development Industry. Case Study Studio, which teams MSRED students with GSAPP students in other programs to collaboratively Case Study Studio, Belmar New Jersey Site explore Development approaches on a set of actual sites. Students also benefit from the GSAPP’s Center for High Density Development, a senior Research Lab and Seminar on the fiscal, social, environmental and investment benefits of High Density Development. The GSAPP’s MSRED program, with its intensive core curriculum and practitioner adjunct faculty, is uniquely REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT

This course investigated the relationship between busi-

REAL ESTATE: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

ness and design, aiming to cultivate a more integrated

Raquel Ramati Fall 2006

approach to development. It introduced students to the fundamental aspects of architectural design and how they relate to the larger context of urban planning and urban development. The approach of the course included hands-on design projects, lectures from visiting professionals, and walking tours of the city.

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

RECOMBINING THE COLUMBIA CAMPUS: NEW SCIENCE CENTER Mark Rakatansky, critic Summer 2006

To recombinate is to take existing genetic materials and to reconﬁgure that material with new genetic materials—to mutate it, to evolve it, to co-evolve it—in response to new environmental conditions in the academic environment: new programs, new departments, new media, new messages. When a college needs to recombinate its campus, when it needs to take its architectural material and recombine it with new needs, desires, and circumstances, with new adaptations and mutations of spatial and academic programs, then the existing building species need to evolve in response to

these internal or external changes. C

George Attokaran Christopher Erario Madhavi Jandhyala Athanasia Leivaditou, D Eduardo McIntosh, C/E Raul Garcia Moncada Citra Soedarsono Alan Tansey, A/B Jonathas Valle Filho Elliott Voth

316

URBAN PL ANNING

REDEVELOPMENT POLICY Robert Beauregard Spring 2007

This course focused on contemporary efforts to rede- ing why and how redevelopment occurs and a sense of velop the built environment of cities primarily, but not its public consequences. exclusively, in the United States. After a brief review of the history of redevelopment efforts and their relationship to urban decline, the focus shifted to the policy tools used by governments to encourage and direct these efforts, the development process, and the politics that surround redevelopment initiatives. A number of cases (e.g., Times Square, the World Trade Center rebuilding) were discussed in depth. The course provided students with basic knowledge concern-

317 INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

RENOVATION DESIGN OF ARCHITECTURE AND CITY THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF HOUSING IN NEW YORK CITY Ichiro Nagano Richard Plunz, advisor Spring 2007

179 HOUSING The global metropolis requires something beyond collection of them would revitalize the area’s environnew development. For ideal urban regeneration, ment, area’s landscape, inhabitation, public investarchitects must be creative and establish new de- ment, new marketing, and mixed-use zones. Therefore, signs, adding new value to an existing architecture. architectural renovation is essential for city revitalizaTo explore this “Renovation Design” technique, this tion as well as its renovation. Of key importance is the research focused on techniques of analysis, program- dense, sustainable city center. As an testing ground for ming, and renovation design, through the analysis of these theories, this research took up a renovation case study of an ofﬁce building in Osaka, Japan as in its con-

the housing in New York City.

Seeing architectural renovation as a small urban version to a mixed-use residential tower. “point” intervention, it would contribute to contextual urban renovation as “lines/planes” revitalization. Even though each renovation does not have great effects, the ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

RUNaWAY PROJECT Yolande Daniels, critic Fall 2006

13 weeks/challenges/critiques = 13 ways to probe and produce architecture Each week a design challenge was reviewed and a new challenge issued. Each challenge required students to generate and commit to an architectural response in this limited time frame. Each challenge was client or context driven. Project scales varied from body to building to city. Project contexts varied from animal to vegetable to mineral, to virtual. Over the course of the semester, each student produced 13 projects and a final studio catalogue.

318 E

Abdulaziz Al Qatami Jason Arndt Marcella del Signore Hannah Ilten, A Julia Molloy Pascale Saint-Louis, B/C/D Taka Sarui, E Orama Siamseranee

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

EMERGENT TECHNOLOGIES AND SENSORY ARCHITECTURES Michelle Fornabai, critic Spring 2007

This studio proposed an investigation of idiosyncrasy in architecture through the design of an Autism Pavilion.

The studio created an intensive environment for research of emergent technologies and their reciprocal relation with the material conditions of architectural construction. Sensation provides a means of exploring the intersection between emergent technologies and design through a logic of bodily intuition. In displacing, amplifying, and re-circuiting the sensory limits of the body to the spaces and objects that surround it, we encounter an extended ﬁeld for critically rethinking the relation between the technological and the material.

Non-coincidence in the relations among phenomena, personal characteristics that acts as a distinguishing sensation, and cognitive perception were explored to or individualizing characteristic or quality. critically re-examine the legacies of phenomenology and Gestalt.

An idiosyncrasy may be a structural and/or behavioral characteristic, its intrinsicality a characteristic

Embedded within ‘idiosyncrasy’ lies the Greek root of temperament, habit or physical structure. As a ‘idios’ meaning common man, private citizen, individ- physiological or temperamental peculiarity, it implies ual. Distinct from the universal, public, professional or a physical constitution unique to an individual. By expolitical, ‘idiosynkrasia’ denotes a peculiar tempera- ternalizing an internal condition rather than internalment stemming from ‘idios’ conjoined with ‘synkrasis’ izing an external conditioning, and personalizing the or ‘krasis’ a mixture or compound. Whether a ten- common rather than generalizing the individual, iddency, intrinsicality, specialty, non-conformity, habit, iosyncrasy inverts and complicates the common and peculiarity, or trait, idiosyncrasy is the mixing of one’s communal aspects of the universal or public.

319 Mehmet Bozatli Jordan Dickinson

Nambi Gardner, D/E Andrea Johnson, A Kihyo Kim Tat Lam Dong-Suk Lee Eun Lee Judy Lo Micah Roufa, B/C Ammr Vandl Joseph Vidich

URBAN PL ANNING STUDIO

THE SHERIDAN EXPRESSWAY STUDIO Floyd Lapp, critic Spting 2007

In the past several years, a conversation has emerged The studio grappled with balancing regional transpor- Statement, the studio developed an additional alteramongst activists, community organizers, city agen- tation needs as represented by the New York State De- native: the creation of a greener and more pedestricies, elected ofﬁcials, and transportation experts partment of Transportation and the needs expressed an-friendly urban boulevard in place of the Sheridan regarding removal of the Sheridan Expressway (Inter- by the Southern Bronx River Watershed Alliance, a Expressway that will help generate this much needed state 895), an incomplete road begun under the reign coalition of community groups and city-wide agencies balance and, ultimately, act as a catalyst for positive of Robert Moses in 1958 that cuts through the South concerned with this issue. To these groups, removal of change in this community. Bronx, one of the most impoverished areas of New the Sheridan Expressway is seen as essential to the York City. In the spring of 2007, Columbia University future health and prosperity of the South Bronx and as assigned this controversial question for a semester- emblematic for the wider questions of race, class, and long examination by a team of graduate students in the environmental injustice in America. Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Pres-

After an examination and evaluation of the options

ervation’s (GSAPP) Department of Urban Planning. currently being studied in the Environmental Impact

320

Meera Bhat Gavin Browning Renee Burillo Ann Foss Yoav Hagler Alison Laichter Alex Maisuradze Shane Muchow Matthew Roe Juan Saldarriaga Rob Viola

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

SPACE TOURISM: HOTEL LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) X INTERPRETIVE PAVILION ON EARTH Yoshiko Sato, critic Spring 2007

One of the most provocative images of space exploration has been that of a space station serving as a gateway to the universe. Emerging in popular culture long before it became a possibility in space exploration, the idea that travelers would be “halfway to anywhere” they might want to go has long been present in popular imagination. From such a mythical concept one can imagine a hotel ﬂoating in LEO (low earth orbit) serving as a transition point between destinations on earth, the moon, the galaxy, and beyond.

321 C

Space Tourism in LEO is on its way to being realD

ized through the efforts of interested participants in

both the public and private sectors. Hotels to support short-term habitation in LEO are now feasible using technology currently being developed by the U.S. Space Program. Private initiatives in collaboration with NASA engineers have been investing millions of dollars to realize this long-waited dream, to be made available to the public by 2015. LEO is alternatively a prime location to conduct space life science research and to study the geology, climate, and biosphere of the Earth, while enabling tourists to enjoy just being up there and looking out the window.

Kyu Seon Hong, C

The studio proposed architectural scenarios and ar- Ji Young Kim tifacts for LEO tourist environments. These new space Yea Hwa Kim, D/E station hotels were to be jointly conceived with their Megan Meyers analogous terrestrial training and advertising centers. Hanuy Park The broader research component of the studio investi- Bret Quagliara, A gated the effects of traveling and life in space.

Christopher Shelley, B

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

negative in nature, resulting from their origin, chemi-

STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS PART I

cal and physical properties, and fabrication methods.

Michael Devonshire + George Wheeler Fall 2006

Similarly, each method of construction has inherent strengths and weaknesses. The form and ﬁnish of traditional structures are—and have always been—a result of local geography and environment, customs, and economic forces. This course surveyed the realm of the pre-industrial building with three principal aims: (1) to examine and identify traditional materials, their modiﬁcation for construction use and the chronology of types and

Worldwide, remedial repair technology applied to

methods of construction; (2) to examine and discuss

traditional buildings without an understanding of the

modes of deterioration of traditional materials and

nature of either the constituent components of the

systems which comprise the pre-industrial built en-

structure or the nature of decay or damage can be

vironment, and (3) to familiarize future professionals

irreversibly detrimental. The development and ap-

with current methods of building investigation, reme-

plication of appropriate stabilization, preservation, or

dial intervention, and building monitoring.

conservation intervention strategies for a structure rely heavily on a careful balance of observation, understanding the nature of materials and construction, and knowledge and use of appropriate investigative and remedial technologies. All construction materials have inherent characteristics, both positive and

322 HISTORIC PRESERVATION

This course built on information introduced in Part I

STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS: PART 2

and brought this material up to the present in terms of

Theodore Prudon Spring 2007

understanding modern building systems and materials. It addressed how steel frame and concrete buildings are made, and how they often fail. The organization of the course relied upon not only the study of the chronological development of the building arts and sciences, but, as each building system was introduced, the discussion of the pathology modes and conservation approaches followed.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Davidson Norris Fall 2006

This course focused on pragmatic energy and environA

mental problem-solving methods and tools that address the issue of human comfort in the built environment while addressing the role and responsibilities of the ecological architect and sustainable architectural design in the broader social, economic and political context. The course combined lectures by the instructor and visiting experts with case studies and design assignments that allowed the students to explore the experiential and poetic implications of ecologically informed architecture. Ichiro Nagano, A

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 4

SWARM STADIA Hernan Diaz Alonso, critic, with Robert Mezquiti Spring 2007

139 FABRICATION Architecture is never displayed innocently. Any en-

Swarm Stadia is a combination of the typology of

counter with the work is framed by multiple determin- stadiums as the architectural imprint, and the study ing contexts—political, sensual, and spatial—that proof mass behaviors of insects, as the method of cell ductively contaminate the moment of reception. This duplication. The study of grouping mechanisms of studio investigated the processes of mutation, growth particular species allowed students to define speand movement patterns of insects. With a focus on cific techniques (scripting, real flow, particle system, biogenetics, students shifted constantly between mi- mutations) that became perfomative elements in the cro behaviors and macro conditions as a work method, design processes. and therefore problematized the param-

Students focused not only on the understanding of

eters that deﬁne insect species, under- the methods of aggregation and accumulation but also standing their constituent cells as well on the topological and aesthetic properties of insects. as their morphology and mass.

323 B

Insect forms have been highly influential in the aesthetics of horror films such as Alien, The Fly, and Naked Lunch where the scalar differences are blurred and the features exposed. Under the image of the horrific as the driving aesthetic students developed topological mutations that engaged the manner and form of insects to create and proliferate architectural matter. Architecture’s own highly charged perspective on the affects/ambiences becomes an invitation to visitors to trust their instincts, and to adventurously enjoy the works that they find. Mark Bearak Mark Green, B/C Benjamin Howell Dora Kelle Avik Maitra Brian Manning-Spindt Tommy Manuel Richard Moore, A Julie Peng Megan Pryor, D/E Rachel Stigler

Kirk Tracy Jordan Trachtenberg

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

SYSTEMIC ORDERS: BETWEEN ECONOMY AND DESIRE Kathryn Dean, critic Spring 2007

This studio examined the urban condition as a product A

of the nature of humanism. It took the position that human nature is as interesting, if not more interesting, than current fascinations with the biotechnological. It mined the point of view of contemporary psychoanalysis, understanding the unconscious as a logic structure through which the mind looks for coherence. Drawing on Delirious New York, students extracted Dali’s use of the conscious manipulation of the unconscious as method of production. Simultaneously, students were introduced to the idea of inter-subjec-

324 tivity with the purpose of shifting their understanding C

of dialectical structures from opposition to reciprocal reconciliation, reducing the pressure of dialectical dichotomies (right/wrong, good/bad, win/lose) that inevitably suppress the identity of the other (whether geographical, gendered, or cultural) in favor of the identity of the dominant subject. Moving back into logics, this material was reinterpreted through computerized drawing techniques and then made three dimensional. Original material was again mined to generate program and means of occupation, which coalesced in material fabrication. Beginning with the premise that to be urban is to delve into the unknown, with nothing but traces of our former selves, an unknown is built into the process. Through this unknown, students discovered aspects of both the subjective self and the potential urban Other, as well as the exhilaration of the leap itself.

Takahiro Fukuda Hyeseung Jung

Christopher Kroner, C/D Takeshi Mitsuda Jonathan Moreﬁeld Ashley Simone Cara Solomon Minyoung Song Jennifer Yang Christine Yogiaman, E Sang Hoon Youm, A/B

HISTORY/ THEORY

THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE THEORY Mark Wigley Fall 2006

Architecture emerges out of passionate and unend- lentless obsessions. Architectural discourse was ing debate. Every design involves theory. Indeed, understood as a wide array of interlocking instituarchitects talk as much as they draw. This class ex- tions, each of which has its own multiple histories plored the way that theory is produced and deployed and unique effects. How and why these various instiat every level of architectural discourse from formal tutions were put in place was established and then written arguments to the seemingly casual discus- their historical transformations up until the present sions in the design studio. A series of case studies, were traced to see which claims about architecture from Vitruvius through to Cyberchat, from ancient have been preserved and which have changed. treatises on parchment to ﬂickering web pages, was used to show how the debate keeps adapting itself to new conditions while preserving some re-

325 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

TOPO-TYPE Bernard Tschumi, critic, with Dominic Leong + Paula Tomisaki Spring 2007

Architects constantly try to expand the limits of architecture, developing new programmatic, technological or formal strategies, seeking new freedom through the most recent algorithmic topologies. Yet certain constants or constraints (gravity, site conditions, maximum acceptable distance from daylight, stacking of ﬂoors, vertical links such as stairs, elevators, etc.) are inescapable and lead to a relatively narrow range of obligatory moves. These moves have historically resulted in a number of types or clichés. How can architecture combine this tightly knit web of constraints with the liberation architecture aspires

to? Can new types be arrived at through new topologies (or vice versa)? DEFINITIONS TOPOTYPE: (BIOLOGY) A specimen of an organism taken from the type locality of that species. TOPO-TYPE: (ARCHITECTURE) A geometrical or topological transformation applied to a typological conﬁguration. Or, alternatively, a typologi-

cal organization applied to a topological conﬁguration. VARIABLES E

PROGRAM: Hotel, Prison, and High-Density Living Three programs and their respective contaminations were explored. Each of these programs has led to speciﬁc types in the past but is completely open to re-invention, depending on size (small, medium, large), site (horizontal, oblique, vertical), or surrounding culture (Latin, Anglo, Asian).

Robert Booth Natalia Canas del Pozo, A/B Ulises Castillo Nefeli Chatzimina, E Yves Culqui Marcella Del Signore Cristina Goberna, D Krikor Hovaguimian Kimko Kubota Philip Mana Mauricio Mucciola, C Leah Nanpei

326 ARCHITECTURE PH.D. PROGRAM

MODERNITY IN TRANSLATION: EARLY 20TH CENTURY GERMAN-TURKISH EXCHANGES IN LAND SETTLEMENT AND RESIDENTIAL CULTURE Esra Ackan, Ph.D.

This dissertation develops a theory of architectural gies across physical and cultural space, as well as imagined as separate cultures and assigned with diftranslation and explores the cross-cultural relations their varying degrees and modes of transformations at ferent characters during many moments within this between Germany and Turkey in land settlement and the new destinations. Methodologically, this broadens continuing hybridization process. residential culture. It analyzes three connected gene- the established norms of architectural historiography, alogies of translation: the pre-war garden city ideal, which perpetuate either narrow national or broad but the Siedlung and New Building debate, and the dis- fixed geographical limits. This dissertation differencourse around national vernacular types. Translation tiates translation in lingual and visual mediums and is elaborated here as a conceptual framework that theorizes architectural translation as any condition invalidates global/local as well as West/non-West where a cultural flow takes place, which can range duality as an opposition, and emphasizes the inter- from excessive domestication and assimilation to twined histories between places by tracing the flows abrupt and estranging interjection of a foreign object. of people, ideas, images, information, and technolo- However, translation is hardly a neutral exchange, removed from the geographical distribution of power. It thus needs to be analyzed with both its liberating and colonizing faces. Architectural translation establishes a contact zone through which a country enriches itself by opening up to the foreign, but which also reveals the tensions and conflicts created by the perceived inequalities between places. An understanding of modernization as translation rejects the categories of the “pure West” and “pure East,” and challenges their hierarchies. It seeks to destabilize the category of the “non-Western” as the “civilization that clashes” with the “West,” even though “West” and “East” have been VISUAL STUDIES

THE OTHER TRANSLATION Mathan Ratinam Fall 2006

Parallel to Robin Evans’s translation from drawing to

Marcelo Ertorteguy, B/C

building is another translation, equally as enigmatic,

Natalia Canas-del-Pozo, A

from the idea to its representation. It begins with a question on the role of a drawing: is the drawing a consequence of an effort to represent faithfully an idea in a visual medium or an act of negotiation among various factors that come together at the moment when a pen meets a surface? The course investigated both reﬂective drawing—a process of critique—and explicative drawing—documentation of a predetermined idea. In an attempt to explore these issues within

contemporary modes of representation students substituted ‘animation’ for ‘drawing.’ The ultimate goals were to reconsider digitally our attitudes to the aforementioned question, to explore the lineage between drawing and animation, and to understand the limits and potential of each method.

327 URBAN PL ANNING

ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION ISSUES Elliot Sclar Fall 2006

Transport service is neither a public nor private good. explored the implications of this observation for the Rather it is an inherently quasi public good; it has provision of transportation in the context of urban decharacteristics of both a private and public good. As velopment planning. with private goods, transport service can be both excludable and rivalrous, at the same time it has many beneﬁts and costs that are external to the private market for individual trips, an important characteristic that leads to public provision. It is often the case that these social costs and beneﬁts exceed the private ones. As a result the production and distribution of transportation is universally subject to public provision, public subsidy and public regulation. This course URBAN PL ANNING

URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING Floyd Lapp Fall 2006

Although many urban planners see this subject as for- more rapidly. However, America’s love affair with the mulas, models and attempts to predict travel behavior, automobile, furthered by major funding for highways it is more understandable when one seeks to relate across a mostly low-density environment, does not land use and the potential transportation connection. always relate the most appropriate mode of travel to The hierarchy of transportation modes begins with land development. This course contrasted the rise, fall the shortest distances between two points—walking, and the latest attempts at knitting transit into the metusually up to a distance of a mile or 20 minutes and ropolitan fabric while trying to improve the dilemma of biking which takes one a bit further. The automobile too many people taking to the road for the convenience and various modes of transit, such as the bus and rail, of being stuck in traffic. are much more regional and are part of a network. In dense urban areas, where space is at a premium, transit is the way to travel because more people are moved FOREIGN TRAVEL AND STUDY PROGRAMS

WILLIAM KINNE FELLOWS TRAVELING FELLOWSHIPS Kenneth Frampton, faculty

The School is the beneﬁciary of a considerable bequest the following procedure: available funds are divided from the late William Kinne Fellows and has at its pur- among the programs in the school, proportionate to pose the enrichment of student's education through the length of each program and the number of stutravel. Traditional procedures of disbursement include dents enrolled. individual, non-competitive grants for summer travel for second year architecture and ﬁrst year preservation and planning students, and a limited number of competitive scholarships for two to three months of travel open to all graduating students in the school. The GSAPP Committee on Fellowships and Awards decides each year how to disburse the annual interest of the William Kinne Fellows Trust, according to

328 During the 2006–2007 academic year, the following Frederic Levrat Studio, Dubai, United Arab Emirates studio trips were taken with the help of the William Reinhold Martin Studio, Rome, Italy Kinne Fellows Traveling Fellowship:

Kate Orff Studio, Ireland

Karl Chu Studio, Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Egypt

Lot-Ek Studio, Reykjavik, Iceland

Kathryn Dean Studio, Spain

Galia Solomonoff Studio, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Leslie Gill + Tina Manis Studio, Oslo, Norway

Hani Rashid Studio, Tokyo, Sendai, Yokohama, Japan

Steven Holl Studio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bernard Tschumi Studio, Berlin, Germany

Jeffrey Inaba Studio, Almaty, Astana, Kazakhstan

Urban Design Studio, Quito, Ecuador

Jeffrey Johnson Studio, Shanghai, Beijing, China +

Enrique Walker Studio, Tokyo, Japan

Tokyo, Japan Ed Keller Studio, Los Angeles, California, + Hong Kong, China

Karl Chu Studio, A Leslie Gill + Tina Manis Studio, B Jeffrey Inaba Studio, C Hani Rashid Studio, D Kathryn Dean Studio, E

329 F

Steven Holl Studio, F

Jeffrey Johnson Studio, G Ed Keller Studio, H Lot-Ek Studio, I

UVW XYZ

330 J

Kate Orff Studio, J Reinhold Martin Studio, K Galia Solomonoff Studio, L Frederic Levrat Studio, M

331

Enrique Walker Studio, N Urban Design Studio, O Bernard Tschumi Studio, P

332 VISUAL STUDIES

IMAGINING THE ULTRAREAL Daniel Vos Summer 2006, Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Short animation has become the “drawing” of contemporary architecture and design. As a means of commu-

nication, no other visual media rivals video animation in its efficacy and freedom. It can in rapid succession make you laugh, cry, be horrified, and believe its truth or its falsity, all within 30 seconds. Students used three-dimensional production software to explore this unique structure in linear time, filmic juxtapositions, narrative, and abstract composition.

Saad Alayyoubi, B Skye Beach, E William Craig, A Milan Dale, C Stanley Wangsadihardja, D

333 VISUAL STUDIES

TECHNIQUES OF THE ULTRAREAL Daniel Vos Summer 2006, Fall 2006, Spring 2007

Three-dimensional software such as 3DStudio Max (the primary software platform of the workshop) navigates

the space between architectural design and communication. Drawing techniques affect the content of the image, and yet, because the image stands alone as an artifact, it is separate from that process. This workshop explored various techniques and tactics of rendering, focusing on the production of three “publication” quality images. The in-depth use of advanced application features provided a broad based understanding of digital rendering. Students learned techniques for modeling, lighting, material application, and compositing.

William Craig, C Kimiko Kubota, D Annemarie Scheel, E Pascale Saint-Louis, A Teerawat Wiriyaamornpun, B

334 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

UN2 Thomas Leeser, critic Fall 2006

It has at various times in its history been called Scheme 23A, a Rampart of Peace, a background for a B movie, a slick mechanical job, and an international terrorist target. The headquarters for the United Nations began construction 56 years ago replacing a slaughterhouse district. The U.N. didn’t arrive happily in Manhattan. Other considered sites included Lake Success, Flushing Meadows, and Fairﬁeld County, whose residents stoned members of the U.N. Committee touring the areas in an effort to protect their pastoral suburbs from world encroachment. The move to Manhattan was made possible by the donation of the site from Nelson

Rockefeller and a loan from the federal government, and now hosts 8,000. Students increased the size of but not before its development potential was demon- the U.N. headquarters by a factor of 2. strated by Wallace Harrison’s co-option of the previously proposed X-City plan for the site, replete with the hastily scratched names of the UN space program over X-City’s site plan. X-City formed the basis for the Corbusian plan for the headquarters. Shapes like the slab, bowtie, and dome were shufﬂed around on the plinth until the acceptance of Scheme 23A. The headquarters was planned for 70 Member States; the U.N. now has 191.

It was designed to accommodate 400 meetings a year Aiyla Balakumar Ulises Castillo, C Qinghua Fan Christopher McAnneny, A/B Maurizio Mucciola Tiffany Schrader Brown Andrew Skey, D/E Minyoung Song Lillian Wang Chad Wyman

335 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

UN ON ICE: CLAIMING THE ARCTIC Leslie Gill + Tina Manis, critics Spring 2007

The effects of global warming are simultaneously resources, the United Nations may be in position to lea threat to and a promise for one of the last un- gitimize or denounce a territorial claim. claimed territories on our planet: the Arctic Circle.

By its very nature, the U.N. is a ‘neutral’ agency.

With the melting of the ‘ice cap’, this vast wilder- Its authority is derived from the willingness of each ness, home to 4 million people of 10 distinct ethnic individual member nation to defer their power to the groups, holds an unknown amount of natural re- collective in order to achieve the aims expressed in the sources to be exploited.

U.N.’s charter—the propagation of peace, the resolu-

As the ice recedes, eight nations surrounding this tion of conflict, and the affirmation of human equality. area have drawn new lines across the ocean floor to

This studio investigated the role of the U.N. as pro-

lay claim to additional territory, thereby reaping the tectorate of an increasingly significant and newly depromise of wealth and power. With conflicts rising fined territory. In laying claim to a U.N. Regional Outbetween peoples and nations over these precious post for the Arctic Circle students were asked to define B

strategies and techniques to create global awareness E

of the issues at hand, speciﬁcally through the use of overt and covert techniques of political propaganda. George Agnew William Arbizu, B Robert Brackett Sean Erickson Hannah Ilten, E Katherine Hearey Randall Holl Nicolas Medrano, A Raul Garcia Moncada Daniel Sakai, C Anna Smith Kennoff Matthew Stofen, D Kalina Toffolo

336 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

UNCERTAINTY (BIOTOPES) François Roche, critic, with David Benjamin Fall 2006

The contemporary city’s developmental tools manifest

Robert Brackett, C/D

the tyranny of tightly scripted determinist procedures,

John Brockway, E

planning mechanisms based on predictability. Can we

Natalia Canas-del-Pozo

envision something totally different—urban struc-

Rowena Rose Castillo

tures driven by human contingencies? Can we work

Nefeli Chatzimina

out adaptive scenarios that accept unpredictability and

Yi-Kuan Eddie Chou

uncertainty as operating modes? Can we write the city

Yves Culqui

based on growth scripts and open algorithms porous to

Jane Lea, B

a number of real-time inputs (human, relational, con-

Christa Mohn Emily Morentz

ﬂictual and other data) rather than trying to design an urban future formatted by rigid planning procedures?

only through multiple, heterogeneous and contradictory scenarios, rejecting even the idea of a possible

prediction about its form of growth or future typology. A shapeless graft on existing tissue, it needs no vanishing point to justify itself but instead welcomes a quivering existence immersed in a real-time vibratory state, here and now. It simultaneously subsumes premises, consequences, and the ensemble of induced perturbations, in a ceaseless interaction. Its laws are consubstantial with the place itself, with no work of memory. Fiction is its reality principle; what you have before your eyes conforms to the truth of the urban condition C

Rosana Rubio-Hernandez Noah Sherburn, A

It is rumored that “uncertainty (biotopes)” build up

of “uncertainty (biotopes)”. The public sphere is everywhere, like a pulsating organism driven by postulates that are mutually contradictory and nonetheless true. The world is terrifying when it’s intelligible, when it clings to some semblance of predictability, when it seeks to preserve a false coherence. In “uncertainty (biotopes)” it is what is not there that deﬁnes it, that guarantees its readability, its social and territorial fragility and its indetermination.

Tatiana von Preussen

337 URBAN PL ANNING

DEFINING DISCIPLINES: URBAN DESIGN & PLANNING Michael Fishman Fall 2006

Urban Design for Planners addressed the issues of dents investigated these topics as they apply to local urban design from a technical perspective. Who does projects and regional planning. what within this overlapping field of disciplines? How do projects move forward, and who is making ultimate decisions? This class pushed boundaries. In what ways can the environmental review process be leveraged as an innovative urban design tool? How does one discover a place for creativity or even make a positive difference in a field predominantly defined by developers, bureaucrats, and egotists? With the belief that New York City has a unique way of defining and answering such questions throughout its history, stu-

ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM Richard Plunz, director

Columbia’s Urban Design Program exploits the peda- vocates working from the “ground up,” rather than STUDIO CRITICS gogical potential of the studio as a form of design- adopting “a top down” master-planning approach. It Moji Baratloo based inquiry. To explore how the city is thought, proj- takes advantage of architecture’s traditional concerns Charlie Cannon ects are seen as critical instruments to focus on topics for site speciﬁcity, spatial experience, construction Michael Conard in contemporary urban design practice. All three stu- logics, economics of organization, morphology, and Phu Duong dios emphasize a multi-scalar approach to the urban physical form, while also engaging forms of knowledge Ana Maria Duran site (local, neighborhood, metropolitan, regional and associated with disciplines such as urban planning, Andrea Kahn global) and approach Urban Design as an inter-disci- urban ecology, and landscape design. In this sense, Ira Mia Jones plinary practice that engages with and negotiates be- the program is considered experimental, exploratory, Sandro Marpillero tween different actors in the urban dynamic.

and unorthodox in comparison to the established can- Victoria Marshall

In general the curriculum is focused on the futures ons of the traditional architectural design studio. of cities that have come of age in the modern indus-

Petia Morozov

The sequencing of the studios is intended to build Kate Orff

trial era and now face the transition to new forms and the linguistic substructure that is essential to urban Richard Plunz meanings, in dialogue with new cities in development. design thought and practice. The use of language Gretchen Schneider Particular emphasis is placed on questions of urban evolves from how representation of the urban site infrastructure and urban ecology. A dialogue is woven determines the quality of site knowledge (representa- SEMINAR FACULTY between New York City and other world capitals with tion) to more speciﬁcally how discourse on the city de- Noah Chasin analogous contemporary conditions, moving between termines interpretations of its past and projections of Doug Diaz recent theoretical debate on future urbanism and ap- its futures (discourse) to the invention of the strategic Saul Hayutin plied projects that directly engage the realities of the languages of public engagement involving operational Brian McGrath transformation of the post-industrial city. In this way, mechanisms for urban transformation at both the Grahame Shane the program attempts to engage both the daily reality formal and programmatic levels (public synthesis). of our urban condition and the theoretical abstraction This sequence asserts that the grounding conditions of current academic debate. Within this position, Ur- of an urban design project—site and program—are ban Design is pursued as a critical re-assessment of complex mechanisms that must be actively and criticonventional approaches relative to questions of site cally constructed rather than simply accepted as “givand program, infrastructure, and form-mass, as they ens” beyond a designer’s control. While each Urban have been deﬁned by Urban Design practice during Design studio presents students with differing urban this century. The Urban Design curriculum is unique conditions and programming opportunities, all three as a coherent pedagogic position on the role of archi- semesters together reinforce the program’s committecture in the formation of a discourse on urbanism ment to help individual designers to develop rigorous at this moment of post-industrial development and Urban Design tools and methods, to acquire a working indeed, of post-urban sensibility relative to the tradi- language to communicate Urban Design ideas, and to tional Euro-American settlement norms.

enhance the critical skills needed to test and reﬁne

By proposing an expanded architecturally-based urban design strategies. teaching model for urban design, the program ad-

338 Jay S. Lim, Frankie Lui, Christopher Reynolds Orff Studio, Fall 2006

URBAN PL ANNING

URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Adam Friedman Fall 2006

What is a business owner trying to achieve when decid-

This class exposed students to both current issues

ing where to locate his company? What factors influ- in economic development through literature and case ence an owner or manager to choose a certain loca- studies, and the practice as it might be experienced in tion? What are the implications of that decision-making a government agency, the office of an elected official, process for city and state government? When should a or a community group. While not a studio, students did government intervene to encourage a particular busi- field-work and engaged in classroom discussions. ness to locate in its jurisdiction, and what types of interventions/incentives/programs should it provide? Why do certain areas develop further than others? What are the environmental factors and cultural factors that contribute to an area’s growth? What do cities offer to businesses that make them attractive? URBAN DESIGN

THE PREFIGURATION OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN FABRIC: STRATEGIES AND PROVOCATIONS Michael Conard Fall 2006

Sweeping cultural changes at the end of the 20th cen- temporary urbanism. Students critically examined tury driven by the proliferation of information tech- international examples of both normative fabric and nologies and service industries have challenged the variant conditions including sprawl, generic landprimary roles of history, theory, and philosophy in scapes, informal settlements, preservation districts, architectural, urban design, and planning discourse. marginalized centers, and disused industrial zones. Metaphors of chaos, complexity, bio-urbanism, fluid- The seminar introduced students to the logic of westity, transparency, and dynamism have flourished. Yet ern market development as it is applied globally and to the implications of this new rhetoric for urban form, the means and methods by which contemporary urban issues, and policy remain unclear. Are these mod- fabric is conceptualized, created, and controlled. els effective prefigurations or are they fashion? This course considered the ways in which architecture and urban design can intercede in the complexity of con-

URBAN FIELD STATION

339

RESEARCH LAB

Brian McGrath, Victoria Marshall + Erika Svendsen, directors

The creation of a New York-based urban design ﬁeld station of the USDA For-

This spring, the lab participated in the Cary Conference en-

est Service hosted by Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, titled: ‘Resilience and Urban Design: New Theory and Practice Preservation and Planning encourages local, national, and international so- for the Urban Century.’ This conference was 12th in a series cial ecology studies to improve understanding and the applicability of ﬁnd- of biennial conferences well known for signaling important ings to difﬁcult problems in urban contexts. This effort has been nurtured by international milestones for the advancement of ecological a group of interested faculty and students associated with the GSAPP, Mail- science and are hosted by the Institute of Ecosystem Studies man School of Public Health, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), the in Milbrook, New York. The purpose of this conference was to New York City Department of Recreation and Parks, and several city-wide articulate and clarify ecological knowledge that can inspire urban ecology organizations.

and challenge design theory and practice, identify how eco-

The intent of the lab is to use the human ecosystem approach and logical and social research questions can be expanded by patch dynamics developed by sociologists, ecologists, and designers to urban design knowledge and thinking, and recognize ecologiadvance our collective understanding of how cities grow and change— cal criteria that can contribute to evaluating urban design perseeking opportunities to improve the management of land, the livelihoods formance. Proceedings from this conference will be used as a of humans and their combined legacies, and to promote the integration critical text in future studios, designs and exchanges. of this approach with the innovative urban design work at the GSAPP. To date, several key areas have been identified to focus the partnership. The first involves using urban design as an integral part of the human ecosystem approach. Another is to develop databases and tools for long term land use and land cover change that includes social variables, such as collective resilience, organizational change, and sustainability at local and regional levels. Finally, the lab explores the concept of ‘patch dynamics’—a framework that has the potential to clarify, translate, and transform the relationships among a wide variety of social, biophysical, and built factors.

340

341 C

THE HUMAN ECOSYSTEM FRAMEWORK

This hierarchical, causal structure suggests the component structures and pro- system through which human individuals and various aggregacesses that make up inhabited, built, or managed ecosystems. Of course, such tions of people interact and are organized. Based on the work of systems have essential biological components that are the foundational re- Machlis et al. (1997). sources, but they also reﬂect social and cultural resources, and possess a social B

In the fall of 2005, GSAPP Urban Design studios adapted the Baltimore change from its industrial past: it has recovered much vegetative

Ecosystem Study (BES) model to New York. The initial project phase provided cover and wildlife habitats. The Middle Branch is a shallow bay, a design framework for Forest Service research collaborations with area non- with layers of toxic deposits, bisected by interstate 95, an elevated proﬁts, partner agencies including the National Park Service and faculty at the light rail, and freight rail with swivel-bridge, the Middle Branch Mailman School of Public Health and the New York City Department of Health. demands complex navigation. This design framework identiﬁed a wide range of non-traditional partners rep-

Urban development pressures on key sites are increasing, and

resenting different disciplines, perspectives and scales united in their common the city asked the Baltimore Ecosystem Study how science could interest in improving the quality of life and legacies of environments through inform and guide the management of this new bulk using the design and creative social programs.

patch dynamic framework as an ecological methodology. We will

Site Partners

be taking on this translation role by asking how innovative urban

Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Institute for Ecosystem Studies, US Forest Service

design models can act as ‘cultures’ for monitoring, evaluating, and

Baltimore City Government

adjusting long term, dynamic urban design guidelines for water-

Parks and People Foundation

front development in the Middle Branch.

The Patapsco River in Baltimore is comprised of two branches: the Inner Harbor and the Middle Branch. In contrast to the entertainment city model of Mark Delgado the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, the Middle Branch has undergone a more subtle Tse-Hui Teh C

DIFFERENT LOCATION OF SITE IN SCIENCE AND DESIGN.

Another critical contribution of the lab this year was the completion of “Design- critical shift in thought. We ask of our students to allow themselves ing Patch Dynamics: Baltimore,” a text that presents results of the first year of to be simultaneously immersed within a working methodology our collaboration with Dr. Steward Pickett and his partners in the Baltimore and expertise, but at the same time harbor an openness and self Ecosystem Study. This publication is organized, like the studio itself, as a dia- consciousness outside single methodological and epistemologilogue between design and science, and chapters alternate between these two cal frameworks. This field station, studio work and publication is voices, which are color-coded green for science and red for design. In between therefore a field experiment at many levels but this is just a beginthese sections, student work occupies the space of creative exploration within ning of what will be an institutionalized long term partnership in the dialogue. The student work therefore occupies the most challenging trans- designing, researching, writing and teaching together in the urdisciplinary space, between fields and discourses. “Transdisciplinarity” means ban ecology research lab we call the Urban Field Station. not following a predictable path of interdisciplinary practices, which simply transfer the working methods of one established discipline to another without a Victoria Marshall, 2003

342 D

In another interdisciplinary, collaborative Urban Design proj-

Today, this initiative lives on through the ‘Walk East Harlem Project,’ which

ect, students created and contributed to the Harlem Health-shed is sponsored by the local community board and the NYTree Trust. Its purpose Initiative, exploring how ecosystem or ‘watershed’ modeling, re- is to create a neighborhood green trail, which utilizes the cracks, crevices and search and development could contribute to our understanding of new spaces of this dynamic neighborhood and employs innovative design and health disparities related to urban land use in the greater Harlem community participation strategies. area. East Harlem is known for its unique ability to self-organize Core Site Partners: BSPVOE JTTVFT TVDI BT QVCMJD IFBMUI BOE UIF FOWJSPONFOU BO USDA Forest Service Northeast Research Station ability that emerges from its vibrant street life, social identities, Baltimore Ecosystem Study and the Urban Field Station and familial networks, which stand as its most important natu- East & Central Harlem District Public Health Office–New York City Department ral resource. Through their work, students hoped both to revital- of Health and Mental Hygiene ize this history of environmental stewardship, identity, collective National Park Service–Rivers and Trails Program land management, and well-being, and to create an urban design U.S. Environmental Protection Agency–Region 2 framework to inspire data analysis and future program devel- Mailman School of Public Health opment. The objective was to work collaboratively to develop a New York City Housing Authority–Gardening and Greening Program ‘physical activity and open space spectrum,’ which was intended New York City Department of Parks & Recreation–Central Forestry for use by the three New York City district public health offices (in East and Central Harlem, the South Bronx, and Central Brooklyn), Pin-Wei Kuo, Raymond Sih community groups, municipalities, and non-profit organizations to assess and maximize opportunities for open space activity and land use planning in densely populated urban areas.

343 URBAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROJECT (UTAP) Lionel McIntyre, director

018 ACTION 339 URBAN FIELD Since its inception, UTAP has conducted numerous which we have worked. This dialectic of contradictions Robert Cunningham projects, provided internships and consultancies, and inherent to the urban revitalization process presents a Sumalatha Karveti engaged various clients throughout New York City and great challenge for UTAP and other urban profession- Oswaldo Ortega other regions of the United States and the world. Most als who seek to implement their mission with the aim Sunny Patel projects have either been implemented or acted as of creating a more socially just city. catalysts for development. The thematic core of its ex-

Cristiana Pena

UTAP continues to reafﬁrm its shared social respon- Jason Pugh

istence is to provide urban planning and design servic- sibility for the current state of the total city and to seek Shriram Surendhranath es to disadvantaged communities. This core mission future solutions to inﬂuence transformation of social- Kin Ling Leung Tsubasa has provided for orienting, training, and advancing the economic processes manifested within the built environprofessional education of graduate and undergraduate ment. The staff, clients, and projects of the last twelve ADMINISTRATIVE INTERNS: interns, and exposing high school and resident interns years have provided a solid foundation for designing new Fiori Berhane to planning and design work for the public good. After programs and approaches for going forward.

Janay McNeill

nearly 60 projects and more than 100 interns, we have witnessed many physical improvements in the neigh- UTAP STAFF 2006-2007 borhoods where we have intervened.

CONSULTANTS:

Lionel McIntyre, Director

Ghislaine Hermanuz

During the 1990s much was accomplished within Kovid Saxena, Project Manager

Glenn Smith

the city towards the improvement of housing, commer- Tirinda McNeill, Administrative Coordinator

Pablo Vengoechea

cial spaces, and open spaces. It was a period of tremendous economic growth and prosperity, but it also RESEARCH ASSISTANT: witnessed a corresponding increase in social and eco- Joyet Beyene nomic disparity. The inverse relationship between the physical development of distressed inner-city neigh- PROJECT INTERNS: borhoods and their declining social and economic con- Amy Boyle ditions is commonplace within most communities in Johane Clermont AFRICAN SQUARE STUDY

as placement of walls, markets, gathering spaces, Rendering of proposal for African Square, A

This study focused on envisioning a new image for the sacred places and historical markers interpret the Af- Adam Clayton Powell speaking at African Square, B Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. State Ofﬁce Building Plaza rican village’s cultural memory; the new Plaza would located at African Square—the intersection of Adam tell the story of Harlem, become a relevant historical Clayton Powell, Jr. Boulevard and 125th Street. Cur- marker, and restore the State Ofﬁce Building as the rently, the plaza inadequately addresses the spatial cultural and civic center of Harlem. and functional needs of the local community. Rede-

Community participation was integral to the plan-

signing the Plaza presents an opportunity to turn a ning and design process. Manhattan Community Board void into a vibrant cultural and civic center celebrating 10 took leadership in coordinating a working group of the community’s history. The proposed design bor- stakeholders, and UTAP conducted an opinion survey rowed organizing principles of an African village. Just of the Plaza’s users to broaden the range of community concerns considered in planning the Plaza. Sponsors of this project included the Harlem Community Development Corporation, New York State Ofﬁce of General Services—Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. State Ofﬁce Building, and Manhattan Community Board 10.

344 current trends and community needs and to identify a

125TH STREET STUDY

This comprehensive analysis of 125th Street was un- redevelopment strategy beneﬁting the community. dertaken by UTAP in the context of the corridor’s re-

The study included four broad aspects of the com-

zoning proposed by the New York City Department of munity: demographics, built environment, commercial City Planning. The purpose of the analysis was to revisit assessment, and streetscape. Site surveys of properthe historic corridor, especially with regard to changes ties, commercial establishments, and sidewalks were since 1997 when UTAP, in collaboration with City Col- conducted to analyze the built environment, businesslege Architectural Center, last reviewed it. The docu- es and streetscape. The built environment analysis ment was intended to be a reference tool for Manhattan looked at proximity to transportation, zoning regulaCommunity Boards 9, 10, and 11, and for stakeholders tions, land use, building condition, building height, in the 125th Street revitalization effort to understand and occupancy. The commercial proﬁle included disC

tribution of retail activity. Streetscape focused on bulk, Comparison of proposed and existing zoning lighting, greenery, and street furniture. Intending to expand this project in the future, UTAP also looked at the three major redevelopments proposed on 125th Street, in particular the rezoning of the portion between Broadway and Second Avenue. Proposals included Manhattanville in West Harlem Rezoning and Academic Mixed-Use Development, and East 125th Street Mixed-Use Development.

HARLEM RIVER HOUSES

history, it has been the most highly praised housing

This project commemorated the 70th anniversary project in the city for its low-rise design, ample open of the Harlem River Houses. Completed in 1937, it is space, and community atmosphere. enclosed by West 151st and 153rd Streets, between

To mark the occasion, this project included an

Macombs Place and Harlem River Drive. The archi- exhibition of historic photographs comprehensively tectural team for Harlem River Houses included John capturing aspects of the Harlem River Houses comLouis Wilson, the ﬁrst African American graduate of munity and the site’s development. Also studied were Columbia University’s graduate program in architec- the planning, policy, and design that brought this projture, from the Class of 1928. Harlem River Houses was ect to fruition. one of the two ﬁrst federally assisted public housing projects in New York City. Throughout its 70-year Harlem River Houses, D/E

envelopes, 125th St., C

345 URBAN PL ANNING

INDUSTRIALIZATION, TECHNOLOGIES, AND URBAN WORK Smita Srinivas Spring 2007

290 POLICY In many parts of the world, urbanized city-regions ing frameworks of person plus economy that different the relationship of work and well-being to changing are rapidly changing both socially and physically. approaches present. Understanding economies today systems of industrial welfare. Around 3 billion people live in urban areas, and urban must include analyzing the influences of industrializawork and society are intimately tied to technological tion, and technological changes in work and society. changes in transportation, new types of production This is especially true for economies that are industrisystems, health technologies, and information and alizing, and where a significant portion of employment communication technologies. However, while urban- remains in agriculture or non-factory urban employization is often taken to be synonymous with indus- ment. The regulatory frameworks in which technologtrialization, and industrialization in turn synonymous ical changes thrive differ significantly across the world with technologies and development, these are by no and can result in significant insecurities for people in means automatic correlates. This course attempted to these economies. This course addressed technologiseparate differing strains of urbanization by explor- cal determinism and attempts to better understand HISTORY/ THEORY

CONSTRUCTING URBANISMS: CASE STUDIES IN URBAN DESIGN COMPETITIONS Andrea Kahn Spring 2007

This course considered how competitions with ex-

To support a critical understanding of contempo- submissions, winners, jury reports); and how design

plicitly urban aspirations serve to shape the con- rary urban design theory and practice and to augment issues gain publicity (public spaces of discourse and tours of urban design theory and practice. Treating the very limited body of existing critical scholarship on debate, professional and popular media, disseminathe mechanism of the design competition as a source design competitions, research focused on the history tion of urban design issues). of “field formation” the course examined design is- of the recent past. Students identified and gathered sues, problem-framing methods, and representa- base documentation for a competition or institutional tional techniques that may emerge through specific competition sponsor. During the seminar, they considcompetition events and feed back to impact the urban ered a number of issues, including how competition design field. Since competitions include players from problems are framed (disciplinary assumptions and outside the design professions, the seminar also contexts, sponsors, juries, funding, administration, investigated the position of urban design within the etc.); the projected urbanisms competitions produce political economy at large.

(representational strategies, urban visions, design

HISTORY/ THEORY

tion. The museum exhibition has long been a context

UTOPIA’S GHOST: POSTMODERNISM RECONSIDERED

and a site for the formulation of architectural knowl-

Reinhold Martin Fall 2006

edge and the interpretation of its objects. Many of the principles guiding what is now known as postmodern architecture were ﬁrst articulated through such exhibitions. Through collective, collaborative research, this seminar reinterpreted these principles in a new, critical light. Charles Moore, Fantasy drawing

Much architectural production of the past half-century persistence of utopia’s “ghost” is an unrecognized has been haunted by the ghosts of modernist utopias. hallmark of various postmodernisms. This hypothFollowing a reformulation of these utopias in the 1950s esis was explored through in-depth consideration of and 1960s and simultaneous, critical reactions to per- diverse works of architecture traditionally understood ceived modernist dogma, a collection of practices and as postmodern. Students concentrated on the projects discourses emerged that were eventually grouped themselves as bearers of discourse—built contributogether as “postmodern.” If these new directions tions to a generalized, cultural postmodernism that shared anything, it was an (often explicit) rejection of may also undermine or contradict the very same antiutopianism in all its forms, in favor of eclectic historical utopian currents they seem to represent. citation, a new traditionalism, and/or a new populism.

The seminar therefore emphasized and developed

This research seminar advanced the hypothesis techniques of visual discourse. Its aim was to collect, that, this rejection notwithstanding, the haunting document, and analyze visual material for an exhibi-

346 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 6

BUILDING VIRTUAL REALITIES—DUBAI STUDIO II Frederic Levrat, critic Spring 2007

The debate between what is architecture and what is simply construction has been going on for many decades with the same argument of “building related to a physical necessity” center to the discussion. Building for our physical necessities is still often the main driving construction factor, but today it is technologically well under control, and the true invention in architecture occurs when other considerations are to be satisﬁed. How do we satisfy the mind, political power, excess capital, or our desire to constitute a unique place in the world?

Those subjects are usually relegated to an after C

thought in most city planning, but not in a place like Dubai. Geopolitical investment and brilliant marketing has allowed the small city of Dubai recently to become one of the major metropolitan players in the world. Fantasy and marketing has become a way to attract capital, generating a city not based on “demand” or “necessity” but on the satisfaction of the materialization of a “virtual environment.” Every construction has a name, a story, a marketing manager, an assigned lifestyle, a “virtuality”. And this virtuality in every way codiﬁes and generates its physicality. We can no longer consider our reality without this condition of virtuality, associated with the usual physical materiality. Reality is always a combination of both, but in places where the virtual overpowers the physical, architectural imagination is in serious need. Aiyla Balakumar Yelena Baybus Po Chen Eduardo Frischwasser, B Alberto Garcia Valladares, A/C Jason Ivaliotis

Brad McCoy Pascale Saint-Louis Lillian Wang Yuan-Yuan Wen Tanner Whitney, D/E Joon Young Yang José Zequeira

347 VISUAL STUDIES Laura Kurgan, director, Josh Uhl, coordinator

In the last ten years, architecture has been exposed issue not simply in the creative design of buildings, but techniques are not simply its own, cannot wall itself off to a radical set of changes in its visual toolkits and in urban design, planning, and preservation. What can from the many other disciplines and practices—ecology, its technological environments. New hardware and be deﬁned as visual has multiplied exponentially and the military, science, geography, popular culture—with software, often imported from other ﬁelds and emerg- re-informed all of our practices. ing at a dizzying pace, have digitized and automated

What does this mean for the discipline and the peda-

which it shares, and often borrows, its tools. The following pages present a matrix of workshops

techniques of architectural drawing, modeling, and gogy of architecture, a practice deeply embedded in the and courses from hand drawing to photography to digital production; multiplied networks of communication visual? It implies that we need to work critically and fabrication, simulation, and GIS. The courses cut across into diverse infrastructures and media; increased the with discrimination among a plethora of ever-changing the curriculum at the GSAPP, from Visual Studies to accuracy of analytic imaging; and expanded databases tools, so that the techniques are neither working for us, Building Technology to Urban Planning and beyond... and methods of data collection. The reach of these in- automatically in place of thinking, or against us, as a way novations makes it clear that the technologies of vi- of limiting our working environment with visual impera- Kezhen Cao, Hugo Martinez sualization—and their new environments—are a core tives. And it implies that architecture, because its core Topological Study of Form

348 ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/SUMMER A AD

WAITING Jeannie Kim, critic Summer 2006

North Brother Island, 23 acres of overgrown vines and seasonal trees, is surrounded by strong current, obligated to a forgotten brother (South Brother Island), and alternately part of Queens or the Bronx. Like many other city islands in the nineteenth-century, North Brother became a quarantine island. Beginning in the 1880s, towns in Westchester (which then included all of the Bronx) chased smallpox victims into the city, and they eventually ended up on North Brother where, mysteriously, they found an unoccupied house. The city offered the island and its buildings for sale in 1970 for $1.1 million. Proposals included a women’s prison,

Mecayla Bruns, D/E Jonathan Chen Yves Culaul Cristina Goberna Ala Hosseini Alavi Gricelys Rosario Jaesung Jung Sung Lun Tang, A/B Kalina Toffolo, C Gordon Wong Ahmed Youssef

amusement park, immigrant processing center, power service industries and agriculture without Mexican plant, movie studio, casino resort, an integrated urban migrant labor) as well as the promise of global citizenvillage, an environmental monitoring base, and a large ship and freedom of circulation or the production of compound for the homeless. Caught in bureaucratic new cartographies in the context of an island in a city inertia, the island has become a protected habitat for that is itself an archipelago. As Buckminster Fuller migratory (and frequently rare) birds. This studio ac- once said, people still think the earth is ﬂat because cepted what was potentially the most problematic of they act as if its resources are inﬁnite. Islands, howthese proposals, using the island as the site of a new ever, know about limitations. INS (Immigration and Naturalization Services). Issues for consideration included the obvious (i.e., current debates about the issue of immigration in the United States, or, the impossibility of imagining U.S.

349 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO 2

THE WATER STUDIO Michael Conard + Kate Orff, coordinators Sandro Marpillero + Petia Morozov, critics Fall 2006

228 LANDSCAPE Urbanization is a global phenomenon increasingly prevalent along the world’s coasts. This has created numerous environmental resource challenges, including the generation of non-point source pollution, CSOs, increased ﬂooding, the destruction of habitats, and the need for extensive and costly urban water infrastructure. The anticipated pace of new and re-development along the coastlines creates an urgent need to identify comprehensive, appropriate, cost-effective, and realistic land use and urban water resource planning policies which sustain coastal ecosystems, recreational

areas, watersheds and waterfronts, while supporting growing human populations at higher densities. This is an interdisciplinary problem, requiring collaboration

in urban design, architecture, landscape, engineering, urban planning and policy, climate change, information technologies, economics, and public health. Historically, the design, utilization, and meaning of urban space has necessitated the control of and the recreation of nature. This is most clear in New York City where the creation and control of civic parks, miles of roadways connecting the city with the suburbs and upstate acres of reservoirs have supported the creation and perception of New York as a civil global city. What is the future role of urban designers in negotiating the more enduring built-natural environment? How can dense human communities and rich, biotic communities of ﬂora and fauna co-exist? Students explored the urbanization of the Hudson River and New York Harbor Estuary System, formulating meaningful questions relative to the design of new communities, terrains and ecologies and developing concrete proposals with material and technical detail resolution, in addition to management strategies, funding scenarios, and new C

regulatory control mechanisms.

Antipodal Synergy Pedro Claudio, Erick Gregory, Soo Jin Kim, A Co-Habit: Eco-habitation Space Wai Yin Leung, Jessica Reyes, Jenin Shah, B Sponge City Liz Barry, Marissa Gregory, Ling Li, C/D/E

350 [ALT] current[c] Jay S. Lim, Frankie Lui, Christopher Reynolds, F/G/H/I

ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE STUDIO/STUDIO 5

AFTER THE MELTDOWN: RE-TEXTURING THE WETLINE Alisa Andrasek, critic Fall 2006

160 GENETICS For decades, environmentalist movements have warned about the danger of global warming with very little success. Their approach has typically been along the lines of radical anti-consumerism, anti-capitalism, and anti-technology, highlighting problems without providing solutions capable of reaching a wider audience. For architecture and the construction industry (one of the main sources of pollution) this form of environmentalism is known as ‘sustainability’ and is often relegated to the engineering ﬁelds and corporate architectural practice. In material science, as it relates to this larger context of environmentalism, the integration of digital processes of invention and production have yet to be adequately explored by architects. Thus far, engineers have expressed the most interest in this area of work, concentrating on areas of innovation at both micro and macro scales, while architects tend to remain preoccupied with a more traditional approach, reaching for the “middle” scale. The wetline is a proposal for an adaptive life-form, a kind of coastline system which transitions between hard and soft elements (land and water) and in the process works to absorb and process various scales

351

of ecological and cultural forces. It is a ﬂexible mem- Gilland Akos, C

brane system capable of negotiating shifting territo- Kezhen Cao ries and providing opportunities for reprogramming. Po Chen, B This studio was sited in the context of a global ice Chih-Chieh Chin meltdown. Students looked into different degrees of Chia-yu Li ﬂooding as projected by the melting of Greenland and Kai Liang the effect that will have on various coastal regions as Sung Lun Tang sea levels rise worldwide.

Tingxing Tao, B Matthew Utley Alberto Garcia Valladares, A Shih-Yen Wu Luping Yuan, B

VISUAL STUDIES

PARAMETRIC ZONING ENVELOPE Mitch McEwen Spring 2007

The course taught three-dimensional visualization techniques in relation to urban planning. Working from very basic geometric components, students generated a spatial system. Recognizing that professional city planners are increasingly expected to edit and even produce three-dimensional models, the course used the New York City Zoning Resolution as the framework for investigation. Height limits, sky exposure planes, setbacks, side-yards, and other points of spatial regulation were deﬁned as parameters in the production of a three-dimensional system. A further aim of this course was to develop dialogue amongst architects, urban designers, and planners. The potential of zoning is to generate a built environment capable of interfacing with the variability of a free market and demographic change, as well as the constraints of socioeconomic policy, ecological impact, and other public concerns. The surface of the groundplane—segmented into tax lots, streets, and sidewalks—forms the continuous parameter upon which zoning distributes a ﬁeld of possible discrete volumes. Kay Cheng, A

352

This catalog has been produced through the Ofﬁce Design: Sagmeister Inc., New York of the Dean, Mark Wigley. The archive of the student work, containing documentation of projects selected Photographers: Mark Bearak, Jong Seo Kim by the studio critics at the conclusion of each semester, is utlized in the making of ABSTRACT. Printing: Asia Paciﬁc Offset, China

Planning and Preservation of Columbia University. New York, NY 10027.

Editor: Scott Marble Assistant Editors: Evan Allen, Brian Bush + Katie Shima

(ISBN 13) 978-1-883584-48-1 (ISBN 10) 1-883584-48-5