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JESSICA TEZAK | DAILY EGYPTIAN

Mohammad Alradadi, bottom left, a freshman from Medina, Saudi Arabia, and Bandar Bin Osfar, bottom right, a freshman from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, both studying electrical engineering, pray early Saturday morning before having their last meal before sunrise at their apartment during the last weekend of Ramadan. Alradadi said one of the biggest differences of celebrating Ramadan in the United States is cooking the celebratory meal by himself. &HQWHU 0DVMLG $Q 1XU ´:H GRQ·W KDYH D FKRLFH RI ZKR RXU IDPLO\ PHPEHUV DUH DQG \RX DUH ERUQ LQWR D FHUWDLQ HQYLURQPHQW D FHUWDLQ FXOWXUH DQG D FHUWDLQ ODQJXDJH EXW ZKDW UHOLJLRQ D SHUVRQ FKRRVHV

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The Weather ChannelÂŽ 5-day weather forecast for Carbondale Today

Wednesday

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About Us The Daily Egyptian is published by the students of Southern Illinois University Carbondale 50 weeks per year, with an average daily circulation of 20,000. Fall and spring semester editions run Monday through Friday. Summer editions run Tuesday through Thursday. All intersession editions will run on Wednesdays. Spring break and Thanksgiving editions are distributed on Mondays of the pertaining weeks. Free copies are distributed in the Carbondale, Murphysboro and Carterville communities. The Daily Egyptian online publication can be found at www.dailyegyptian.com.

Mission Statement The Daily Egyptian, the student-run newspaper of Southern Illinois University Carbondale, is committed to being a trusted source of news, information, commentary and public discourse, while helping readers understand the issues affecting their lives.

Copyright Information Š 2012 Daily Egyptian. All rights reserved. All content is property of the Daily Egyptian and may not be reproduced or transmitted without consent. The Daily Egyptian is a member of the Illinois College Press Association, Associated Collegiate Press and College Media Advisers Inc.

Publishing Information The Daily Egyptian is published by the students of Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Offices are in the Communications Building, Room 1259, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Ill., 62901. Bill Freivogel, fiscal officer.

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23,1,21

(GLWRULDO 3ROLF\ Our Word is the consensus of the Daily Egyptian Editorial Board on local, national and global issues affecting the Southern Illinois University community. Viewpoints expressed in columns and letters to the editor do not necessarily reflect those of the Daily Egyptian.

(GLWRULDO %RDUG Tara Kulash Editor-in-Chief

Lauraann Wood Managing Editor

Lauren Duncan Campus Editor

Deâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Vontae Weaver Voices Editor

Sarah Schneider Sports Editor

Brendan Smith Pulse Editor

Caleb Motsinger City Editor

Chris Zoeller Photo Editor

Ashley Zborek Online Editor

EDITORIAL CARTOON

GUEST COLUMN

Science: such a sweet mystery DAVID P. BARASH McClatchy-Tribune I have been teaching and doing research at the university level for more than 40 years, which means that for more than four decades, I have been participating in a deception â&#x20AC;&#x201D; benevolent and well intentioned, to be sure, but a deception nonetheless. As a scientist, I do science, and as a teacher and writer, I communicate it. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s where the deception comes in.

When scientists speak to the public or to students, we talk about what we know, what science has discovered. Nothing wrong with this. After all, we work hard deciphering natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s secrets and weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re proud whenever we succeed. But it gives the false impression that we know pretty much everything, whereas the reality is that thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a whole lot more that we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know.

Teaching and writing only about what is known risks turning science into a mere catalog of established facts, suggesting that â&#x20AC;&#x153;knowingâ&#x20AC;? science is a matter of memorizing: this is how cells metabolize carbohydrates, this is how natural selection works, this is how the information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins.

In my first college-level biology

course, I was required to memorize all of the digestive enzymes and what they do. Even today, I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stomach those darned chemicals, and I fear the situation is scarcely much better at most universities today.

Paradoxically, the strong point of American higher education â&#x20AC;&#x201D; our talent as a nation vis-a-vis, say, China â&#x20AC;&#x201D; is that we are supposed to be more open to innovation and original thinking, whereas they are more â&#x20AC;&#x153;intoâ&#x20AC;? rote learning. It is time, therefore, to start teaching courses, giving lectures and writing books about what we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know about biology, chemistry, geology, physics, mathematics.

Thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plenty to communicate because we are surrounded by mysteries, far more than are dreamt of in anyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s philosophy. But donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get the wrong idea, Horatio: Mystery is not the same as mysticism, and Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not referring to some sort of ineffable, spiritualistic claptrap beyond the reach of natural law and human understanding. Just as â&#x20AC;&#x153;weedsâ&#x20AC;? are plants that havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t yet been assigned a value, scientific mysteries are simply good questions waiting for answers.

Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not thinking here of the obvious unknowns, such as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Is there

life on other planets?â&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;How many particles can dance on the head of the CERN accelerator?â&#x20AC;?

Rather, there is plenty we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know about the things we think we understand. Nor is this a problem or a momentary lack of closure.

Science is altogether dynamic and wonderfully incomplete.

Looking just at my field, evolutionary biology, the unknowns are immense: How widespread are nonadaptive traits? To what extent does evolution proceed by very small, gradual steps versus larger, quantum jumps? Why does sexuality occur at all, since it is fully one-half as efficient in projecting genes into the future compared with its asexual alternative? What is the purpose of all that â&#x20AC;&#x153;junk DNAâ&#x20AC;?? Did human beings evolve from a single lineage, or many times, independently? Why does homosexuality persist? Why do women â&#x20AC;&#x201D; unique among mammals â&#x20AC;&#x201D; conceal their ovulation, possess conspicuous non-lactating breasts and experience orgasm, as well as menopause? Why is the life span of men so much shorter than that of women? Why do we have such big brains? Why are we conscious? Why do we age, sleep, dream, blush, cry or yawn? This is but a partial list.

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be discouraged, however. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mystics exult in mystery and want it to stay mysterious,â&#x20AC;? writes Richard Dawkins. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Scientists exult in mystery for a different reason: It gives them something to do.â&#x20AC;?

And weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve got plenty to do.

We might start by acknowledging our ignorance. We could then revel in the numerous hypotheses that have already been proposed to rectify that ignorance; there are, in fact, a dozen or so potential explanations for each of the mysteries listed above â&#x20AC;&#x201D; we just donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know, yet, which ones are the most promising.

There is a difference between science as a body of knowledge and science as the pursuit of the unknown. Ideally, there would be no tension between the two because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only by pursuing the unknown that we obtain knowledge. And yet, these two aspects of science coexist uneasily. This wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always the case.

Between 1751 and 1765, the Encyclopedie was published in France. It endeavored to summarize all human knowledge in its 18,000 pages of text, 75,000 different entries and 20 million words. Its primary editor, Denis Diderot, was one of the heroes of the Enlightenment,

and indeed, the Encyclopedie represents a culmination of Enlightenment thought, which valued reason, science and progress â&#x20AC;&#x201D; what we know â&#x20AC;&#x201D; above all else.

It is paradoxical testimony to how much we have learned in the intervening 250 years that today no one could seriously entertain the prospect of summarizing all human knowledge in a book, or series of books, or even via the Internet. And yet, the temptation remains: to rest on our laurels, to celebrate our truly encyclopedic knowledge, to teach it, write it, speak it, learn it, demand that it be mastered as if what we know now is enough.

(Or, worse yet, to glumly conclude that we have reached â&#x20AC;&#x153;the end of science.â&#x20AC;?)

To be sure, we need to keep celebrating and transmitting what we know, but, at least as important, we had better keep our eyes on what we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know if the scientific enterprise is to continue attracting new adherents who will keep pushing the envelope of our knowledge rather than resting satisfied within its cozy boundaries. â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is a crack in everything,â&#x20AC;? writes poet-songwriter Leonard Cohen. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s how the light gets in.â&#x20AC;?

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THE Daily Commuter Puzzle

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Unscramble these Jumbles, Unscramble these four four Jumbles, Unscramble these letter toJumbles, each square, one one letter tofour each square, one letter totoeach form four ordinary words. to form foursquare, ordinary words. to form four ordinary words.

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All Rights Reserved.

NLAST NLAST NLAST (c) 2012 Tribune Media Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Aries â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Nowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a good time to develop a routine for boring, repetitive work. The challenges you face in your relationships are worth addressingwhiletheyaresmall.Discourse is only temporary. Love prevails.

Cancer â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; You can do more than ever before, but keep track of your household spending. Think quickly, move slowly and hold your temper.

Postpone travel.

Libra â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Others are thinking up more work for you. Chop wood and carry water, instead of complaining and arguing. You can use some good self-discipline to accomplish it all.

Capricorn â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 7 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Notice what doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work about your routine, and set your priorities straight for the next couple of days.

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t offer to pay for everything.

Friends are there for you.

Taurus â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Today is a 5 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Reinforce your structure and increase your efficiency, especially in working with others. Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re sharp as a tack, and getting sharper. Keep control of your spending.

Leo â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 7 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; The pressure increases. Seek what makes you happy. Go into the woods, relax and discover what you have yet to live. Use what youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve just learned for practical results.

Scorpio â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 5 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Complete your work, especially what requires the most concentration. Do it quickly but carefully. You experience difficulty making a long-distance connection. Expand your heart.

Aquarius â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 7 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; See what rivers you can cross and what mountains you can climb. Optimism increases when you look at it a different way. Get feminine support.

Gemini â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Research is especially fun now.

Feed your soul with art and beauty.

Make your own presence known.

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let a silly misunderstanding escalate into a fight.

Virgo â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 5 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Meditate before taking action. Check and double-check the financial data.

Stick to the basics. You can work it out. Avoid difficulties in love by getting into the books.

Sagittarius â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 5 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Passions flare momentarily. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s all part of the experience. Take off on a different creative tangent. Team discipline may be required to do the undesired. Move quickly.

Pisces â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Today is a 5 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Focus on the long-term benefits of the relationship and on your commitments. Reinvention isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always easy, but everything will be easier soon. Create a possibility.

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Nicole Hester | DAILY EGYPTIAN Sophomore runner Kristen Levi stretches Monday at the SIU Track and Field Complex after the crosscountry team’s morning run. Levi has ran cross-country for five years. “I love the camaraderie among teammates,” she said. Assistant coach Matt Sparks said with no seniors on the team, he expects the juniors to lead the team.

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