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Centre Page XII

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Produced and Edited by C. Naipaul | Graphic and Layout Design by D. Prince

II

Anuradha

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

– Return to the Motherland A story dedicated to Arrival Day From the book: “Butterflies In Paradise” Anuradha stood at the water’s edge, staring wistfully at the dark waters of the restless river. The wind moaned as it whipped pass her, as though the voices of those who had perished during the long journey were calling from the depths. She stretched her arms out, as the water lashed against her lithe body, her long dark brown hair falling loosely down her back, in her hazel eyes, the pain she felt for those souls. It had been a long time since the last ship came, but every year on this day, a strange calling from afar would beckon her to the water’s edge.

At the beginning, she did not understand the visions of the strange ship and the little girl on board, a scared and uncertain look in her big brown eyes. But as time went on and she grew older, her mother explained it all as episodes of a past life was replayed in her mind. The little girl on the ship, Anuradha was told, was her grandmother, Armatie, who came to this land, many decades ago, from India in the East.

She often wondered why she felt this deep love for a place she never saw or lived and enchanted so much by its culture, its people, the devotees of a rich religion, the spices and silk, the divinity of songs and mesmerising dances. Her dreams

maureen.rampertab@gmail.com

“It had been a long time, since the last ship came.” and visions made it so real for she was, in her mother`s words, a re-born soul. The yearning to return, Anuradha now understood, but she was mystified by the intense desire she felt she had to fulfill. Her father had said to her when she was just eight years old, ‘When you’re sixteen, I`ll take you back home.”The time was now.

The little girl who had crossed the dark waters of the Kala Pani, as Armatie, many decades ago, was returning as Anuradha, across the seas for home where her story began.

The journey by air was long, but Anuradha couldn`t sleep.

The anxiety in her heart grew stronger as they got closer and she saw vividly in her mind the dusty village, the mud huts, the Shiva statue on the hilltop and the gunguru bells.

Her eyes closed for a short moment and for the first time, she saw the vision of a baby she was holding and she whispered “Aarti,” and sat up with a start.

The plane landed and Anuradha holding on tightly to her mother’s and father’s hands, stepped out with trembling legs, her heart thudded against her chest. A gust of cold wind touched her face and she smiled

as her feet touched the motherland. An exulted feeling ran through her entire being and she laughed and cried as she knelt to kiss the earth, Armani’s last words echoing in her head, “I will return to you, dear mother, my feet will walk again on sacred earth.”

This was home, this was where she belonged. She had longed so much to return, now her spirits, felt free, her heart rejoiced as the train roared through the countryside to the district of Mirzapar from where she came, the passing landscapes, the villages, the people she looked at in awe.

It was almost dusk when they reached the small village of Fathaha nestled between two hills.

Anuradha stood for a while, not sure where she was, for it had changed so much. There were no mud huts and roads, but new houses, shops and even a cinema. She walked tentatively to where her family’s mud hut had stood and smiled as she recalled her mother cooking on her earthen stove – a poor life, yet so rich in memories. A neat, new house stood there and before Anuradha called; the door opened and a young girl stared at her curiously. Anuradha smiled, not knowing what to say. Too much time had passed, there was probably no one she knew, still alive. She closed her eyes, and turned to go, when she heard a weak, soft voice whisper, “Armani” Anuradha gasped, not sure she heard right. The little girl took her hand and beckoned her inside. In the middle of the small sitting room, surrounded by her family, an old, feeble woman laid in a cot.

The vision of a baby, she held in her arms, flashed back in Anuradha’s mind and she cried.

“Oh my god!”

Continued on page XVI

“In her mind the dusty village, the mud huts”

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

III

By Petamber Persaud

2014 World Book & Copyright Day There are many reasons for selecting April 23 as World Book & Copyright Day. One of those reasons is to honour some famous writers whose birth or death anniversary falls on that date. The names of those writers included Miguel de Cervantes, Maurice Druon, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Haldor Kiljan Laxness, Manuel Mejía Vallejo, Vladimir Nabokov, Josep Pla and William Shakespeare.

On April 23, 2014 the National Library marked the occasion with a book exhibition, and a lecture delivered by Ms Abiola Inniss, a Ph. D. Law and Public Policy Researcher at Walden University, USA. Her lecture titled-‘Copyright Today: local and international perspectives’ was an invitation and inspiration to the creators of words and the creators of ideas to get a move on before we are all left behind.

Ms. Inniss graciously opened her discourse on the subject with the following words: “In the Caribbean region, we honour the works of those writers who have contributed to our cultural heritage as a region – Jean Rhys, Merle Hodge, V.S. Naipaul, Samuel Selvon and numerous others. Most importantly we pay tribute to the long list of Guyanese authors who have documented our history, moulded and promoted our culture, fed our curiosity, shaped our national consciousness and sense of belonging, and fired our loyalties. I think of the well-known and celebrated authors - Martin Carter, Arthur. J Seymour, Edgar Mittelholzer, Wilson Harris, Jan Carew, A.L Luker (composer of the lyrics of the National Anthem), Walter Mac A. Lawrence ( who wrote the words for the National Song, ‘O Beautiful Guyana’, the music was composed by the great Valerie Rodway), Ian McDonald and the lesser known such as Mercedes Pierre Dubois, J.W. Chinapen, Mahadai Das, Shana Yardan, Helen Taitt, Henry Josiah, Ivan Forrester, Maureen Prince, Donald Trotman and Jacqueline De Weever.”

“I think that it is only fitting that we create a Day of National Observance and establish a monument to honour and promote the work of the hundreds of Guyanese authors and creators who remain unsung and unknown. It is important that we honour our literary heritage.”[Afterwards, Ms Inniss was informed of the establishment of the National Library Hall of Fame for the Literary Arts.]

I have singled out the above extract because Ms. Inniss weighed in heavily on what is [not] happening in various countries of the region and what is [not] happening in Guyana. (More on that later but there is an urgency to get to the point where we could be left behind without a paddle in a canoe going against the rapids) TECHNOLOGY AND THE SPEED OF THE INTERNET On this subject, Ms Inniss said, in recent decades intellectual property has become an imposing element in the world economy because of the exponential growth of the internet and internet based economic activities which touch every aspect of life from international trade to internet dating. The concept of intellectual property is premised on creations of the mind

or so called intangibles which are literary and artistic works, symbols and designs and names and images used in commerce among others. Intellectual property is generally protected by law in the forms of patents, trademarks, and copyright which are part of the domestic laws in most countries but which now also extends to the international law in the form of international intellectual property law and have several international regimens attached such as the World Trade Organization’s Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.

International Intellectual Property law is a patchwork of intersecting multilateral and bilateral agreements and their resulting harmonization of national laws. This is an area that has increased in importance and has seen very frequent litigation, especially in the areas of patent, trademarks and copyright. Additionally, there has been clamouring for the protection of domain names, software, databases, and traditional knowledge which are new forms of protection. These cutting edge intellectual property issues are often dealt with at the level of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). Along with these forms of protection trade globalization has Abiola Inniss had a direct effect on the harmonization of national laws through WTO and the TRIPS agreement as well as regional organizations such as the African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO).

The lesser known areas of law include rights of publicity, moral rights, misappropriation, unfair competition, geographical indications of origin, trade dress, licensing, plant variety protection, integrated circuit protection and paracopyright (which includes laws which prohibit the circumvention of anti-pirating technology). Paracopyright is a term Please turn to page XVI

IV

Selected Poems

by Martin Wylde Carter Introduction

By Gemma Robinson

M

artin Wylde Carter was born on June 7, 1927 in Georgetown, Guyana, then the colonial capital of British Guiana. He is most widely remembered in the Anglophone Caribbean as the poet who, in 1954, published a vociferously anti-colonial work entitled Poems of Resistance from British Guiana. However, Carter’s singular reputation for political engagement belies the broad span of his poetic concerns. As this selection of poems demonstrates, his dense, often lyrical corpus of work successfully transforms historical and personal reference to create a poetry which resonates beyond the time and space of its composition.

A glance at Carter’s family background does not point

obviously to the route which his life was to follow: he was born into a middle-class family of mixed African, Indian and European ancestry, he attended Queen’s College, the most prestigious school in the colony, and soon after leaving school he became a civil servant. This brief biography of a young man growing up in British Guiana might have served many men in the British Empire, but Carter, who reached his eighteenth birthday as the second World War ended, and who by the late 1940s heard about the liberation movements in India and Malaysia, was among a dissatisfied generation of colonial people who would resist the life that had been mapped out for them by the British Empire. As a civil servant Carter worked

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

as Secretary to the Superintendent of Prisons, yet in his contemporary poetry the symbol of the prison became linked to a critique of the colonial society: in 1952 he published two pamphlets – The King Eagle (Poems of Prisons) and the Hidden Man (Other poems of prison). The poems, 'Stretch My Hand’ and ‘You Are Involved’, were first published in these collections, and the latter poem’s refrain, ‘all are involved!/ all are consumed!, became a rallying cry for the Guyanese population in its appeal for independence.

As a member of the executive committee of the People’s Progressive Party (PPP) led by Cheddi Jagan and Linden Forbes Burnham, Carter played a prominent role in Guyanese politics during the early 1950s, campaigning for the PPP throughout the country, attending Communist congresses in Europe, and contributing essays and poems to the PPP organ, Thunder.

When the PPP won a landslide victory in the 1953 elections, Guyanese politics reached a dramatic international pitch. The party’s Socialist principles, its call for independence and for constitutional reform quickly alienated Eisenhower’s American anti-Communist government and the British pro-empire Conservative government led by Winston Churchill. On October 9, 1953, after only 133 days in office and with British troops occupying the streets of Georgetown, the constitution was suspended, the PPP ministers were sacked, and a state of emergency was declared. In response, PPP members began a campaign of civil disobedience, and during the final months of 1953 and throughout 1954 party members were imprisoned for disobeying the emergency laws.

For Martin Carter – imprisoned twice between 1953 and 1954, his house searched for ‘subversive literature’, separated from his wife Phyllis and their new family, and cut off from his comrades – this period was ‘the dark time.’ However, these were also poetically fruitful times: on her prison visits Phyllis Carter would smuggle out Carter’s latest poems. Although his work was never officially blacklisted (as was much American and British Communist writing), poems such as ‘This Dark Time My Love’ and ‘I Come From the Nigger Yard’ point clearly to Carter’s revolutionary poetics and its threat to status quo – ‘I come from the nigger yard of yesterday/ leaping from the oppressors’ hate/ and the scorn of myself’. As the Socialist poet, Bertolt Brecht wrote in the 1930s: ‘In the dark times will there also be singing? / Yes, there will be singing/About the dark times.’

Yet Carter should not be

Please see page V

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Selected Poems...

From page IV

understood simply as a poetic spokesman for the PPP. His work was first published in 1948 in Kyk-Over-Al, the literary ad cultural magazine edited by the Guyanese poet A.J Seymour. Seymour did not support Carter’s radical politics, but his magazine provided a forum in which ideas about the status and nature of Caribbean identity could be discussed. It is to Seymour’s credit that he published Carter’s The Hill of Fire Glows Red (1951). And even more so, that he was the first publisher of the seminal poem: ‘University of Hunger’ during Carter’s imprisonment.

Although Carter seceded from the PPP in the late 1950s after charges of ultra-leftism were made against him, his poetry remained concerned to address the historical legacies and social conditions of people living in Guyana and the Caribbean. But if poetry persisted, the focus of Carter’s career changed: after resigning from the civil service he worked as a teacher. In 1959 he moved to the sugar conglomerate, Bookers, as information officer; the irony of working within the colonial establishment was not lost on Carter, but the mood of British colonial politics was shifted, and Carter joined a company restructuring in preparation for Guyana’s independence. Carter returned to politics in 1962, and to a political system still suffering from Guyana’s turbulent road to independence in 1966.

Poems such as: ‘Groaning in this Wilderness’ and “black Friday 1962’ provide an uneasy narrative of the racial conflict and fraught social relations which defined the early 1960s in Guyana:

And I was with them all

When the sun and street exploded

And a city of clerks

Turned a city of men!

So now obsessed I celebrate in words All origins of creation, whores and virgins I do it hand upon groin Swearing this way, since other ways are false!

Riots, the burning of Georgetown, the deaths of over a hundred Guyanese people are prompts for Carter’s poetry, yet there is another concern that can be traced as early as ‘Listening to the Land’ and that preoccupies the poet in ‘They Say I am’: the construction and uses of poetic utterance.

Work such as ‘Black Friday 1962’ ironically ‘celebrates’ the freedoms enjoyed in the developing Guyanese nation, and Carter articulates the impossibilities of forcing language to render experience onto the page, as well as the volatile potential for language to reshape that experience. As Minister

of Information and Culture from 1967-1970 Carter’s initial enthusiasm for this distinctively linguistic role in Burnham’s PNC (People’s National Congress) government was replaced by his disappointment at increasing government corruption, and the poet who Andrew Salkey hoped could redeem the role of the Guyanese politician – ‘a poet who may yet do a very serious injury to the sterile vocabulary ad syntax of bureaucracy’ – resigned permanently from politics.

Concepts of freedom dominate Carter’s poetry: from the denial of freedom that characterised slavery, to the political call for Guyanese liberation, the social concern for individual liberties, and a philosophical inquiry into the freedoms of expression gained through language. In the 1970s Carter’s wide demands for freedom were shared by the newly formed Working People’s Alliance (WPA). Although never a member, Carter sympathised with the party’s unswerving condemnation of Burnham’s 1980 dictatorial constitution, and supported the WPA’s Walter Rodney in his call for a solution between the Guyanese races. Physical attacks upon critics of the government were common, and in 1978 Carter was among those beaten during a demonstration. Yet it was the murder of Father Bernard Darke in 1979 and Walter Rodney’s assassination in 1980 that marked the criminality condoned in Guyana. And the paradox for Carter: during this second ‘dark time’ came the finest poetry. In 1977 Poems of Succession appeared containing a new collection, ‘The When Time’. A self-critical poean dedicated to the African-American activist, Angela Davis, a provocatively opaque discourse on the Cuyuni River, a painful meditation upon the suicide of the Trinidadian poet, Eric Roach, the startling brevity and beauty of the love poem, ‘Before the Question and he cruel comedy of ‘There is no Riot’ all proved Carter’s range. And this was followed in 1980 by the precise, often ruthlessly crafted Poems of Affinity. Carter’s apparent poetic silence during the mid-1960s to mid-1970swas revealed to have been a period of constant composition. Writing in rum shop on cigarette packets or working privately in his study, Carter produced a corpus of poems which would secure his reputation as Guyana’s foremost poet.

Unlike many writers of his generation, Carter did not emigrate from the Caribbean. Although he travelled widely (as Minister of Information and Culture he represented Guyana at the UN General Assembly in New York, and in 1975 was a writer in residence at Essex University in England) in the poem, ‘Two’ Carter writes ‘a poet cannot truly speak / to himself save in his / own country’. Yet the title of national poet was not welcomed by Carter – the writer who was

V

nicknamed ‘the poems man’ refused to write according to public demands. His exacting poetry does not commemorate a simplistic notion of Guyanese identity; indeed in ‘Bastille Day – Georgetown (On the occasion of the murder of Father Darke)’ Carter writes a furious parody of national celebration:

I have at last started

To understand the origin

Of our vileness, and being

Unable to deny it, I suggest

Its nativity

In the shame of knowledge

Of our vileness, we shall fight.

The precision of Carter’s poetry is typified not only by his search for the mots justes, but also by a wish to confront the traumatic (and possibly recuperative) implications of that search.

Carter’s last work reveals a continued attempt to write crystalline poetry that would illuminate the world in new ways. His densely pared imagery – part of a constantly developing personal, even willfully esoteric, symbolism – provokes connections between disparate aspects of, and responses to the world: city, nigger yard, scorn, love, river, nativity, vileness, courage, pain, mortality all conflict and cohere in Carter’s poetic world. In the poem, ‘Three’, human scale is read onto topographical scale; as in all his poetry, carter engages with the mutuality of humanity and environment, and the need to render that mutuality truthfully in language:

For what is rain

But delta? And delta

What but the immortal river

Of rain? A thing falling

Ever from these mortal

Dripping fingers Another collection was planned, provisionally titled, Poems of Mortality, but after suffering a stroke in 1992 Carter was left unable to talk and walk. His death on December 13, 1997 followed a successful battle to recover his speech and mobility, but he had not been able to return to writing poetry. Carter’s forty-year poetic career did not bring him the international recognition that work certainly merited. A poet who wrote from the only English-speaking country in South America, and the only continental country in the Anglophone Caribbean it is apt that his work should be translated into Spanish.

This is not to argue that Carter is a Latin American poet, nor should it reduce the firm locality of his poetics, yet to read his work in Spanish is to recognise readily what has always been true: that this Guyanese poet speaks with and international voice.

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Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

She Has The Ideal Job. . .

But Not The Ideal Life

Only You...

I am a wilderness park ranger, early 40s, independent, brave, creative and nature-loving.

I've always held down a job, have no debt and no addictions except chocolate. I have many friends. I've hiked mountain ranges on foot, yet struggle finding a man who is both reliable and attractive. I get attracted to wild, unpredictable guys who don't show up.

I had physical and verbal abuse from both parents as a child, so trusting is hard. I used to imagine running off into a forest with my backpack, canteen and tent. I even learned to camp out by myself at the age of seven.

I haven't had a serious long-term relationship in years, since a hurtful, damaging person.

Recently I dated some men for a few months and one was amazing, yet he didn't want to have children. Others have been ex-addicts, needy or "wimpy" men.

I often feel like the strong one, where I have to make the decisions or be the brave one.

I am not a lesbian. I am definitely attracted to men! I often feel I have been to the school of hard knocks and many others have had a more sheltered life, so I get resentful over how hard my life has been.

I see women all around me who are younger, happily married with kids. It is all very painful. I see a common theme. It feels like there is some impossible gap between me and guys, whether it is distance (they live too far away) or interests in life (he is a city guy and I am a nature girl).

I have been in therapy many years and maybe I get a little better, but I am tired of going through life alone!

Desiree Desiree, it's sometimes said that the worst thing you can do to a person is put them in solitary confinement. For mistreated children that isn't true. They are not searching for people, they are searching to get away from people. They dream of the tiny cabin in the woods away from others.

Who is attracted to the wilderness? People who can't conform to society or to rules.People running away from something.Mavericks.Thrill-seekers. People like you.

You can't change how hard your life has been. If you resent someone for not having as hard a life, then all you are left with is people like yourself.

We can't help but speak to the facts. You're in the same box you were in at seven. Reading your letter is like listening to a 14-year-old girl talk about her fantasy future. You want to satisfy an improbable bucket list.

Most men in their 40s don't want to start a family, and there is not even a sentence in your letter about how hard it would be to have a child at your age. You are looking at the Hallmark card and want to jump into it, but you have no experience inside the Hallmark card. You have set the bar so high no one can jump it, which keeps you exactly where you are.

The goal of therapy is to get out of therapy. If you've been in therapy for years and are barely better, you need to try something different. If you continue in treatment, a specialist in adult victims of child abuse is most likely to help.

You can't put on someone else's life like a coat. What you seek is love and connection.

Everything else will flow from that. Most women in their 40s would be thrilled to find an "amazing" man, unless they wanted to use the issue of children to push him away.

Abusive parents typically cost their children their dreams. That's what happened to you.

What should you do now? We suggest three things. Get therapy targeted at who you are. Look hard at your fantasy. Consider what you want in a man.

Wayne & Tamara

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Appellate Court affirms convictions and sentences

IN 1967 the Guyana Court of Appeal affirmed the convictions and sentences of robbery accused Carlton Adams and James Lawrence despite allegations that the trial judge erred by not putting the alibi defence to the jury.

Dismissing the Appeal, and affirming the convictions and sentences, the Guyana Court of Appeal, constituted by Chancellor of the Judiciary Mr. Kenneth Stoby and Justices of Appeal Mr. Percival Cummings and Mr. Victor Crane held that: “It is not necessary for the trial judge to give a special direction as he must in respect to certain other defences such as provocation, self-defence and drunkenness, etc.”

The facts of the case disclosed that a man was robbed by one of the appellants as he was about to enter a shop. Two constables who were on duty in plain clothes nearby were attracted by shouts of “thief” and saw when one of the appellants joined the other one, who had a bicycle, and the two of them rode away on it.

The two constables gave chase and subsequently apprehended the appellants who gave sworn evidence testifying that they were somewhere else-one said he was shopping, whilst the other said he was making enquiries about work.

In summing up, the trial judge directed the jury on the burden of proof and on the standard of proof, but at no time did he specifically explain that the defence was an alibi or give any specific direction regarding the alibis.

On the appeal against the convictions and sentences the Appellate Court held: (i) an alibi, as such, is not a defence and accordingly, there is no evidential burden cast upon the accused; (2) where an alibi has been set up, as here, then it is not necessary for the trial judge to give a special direction, as he must, where certain defences such as provocation, self-defence , drunkenness, etc. raised, once he makes it quite clear that the jury must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the accused committed the offence. If this is not done, then the accused is entitled to the benefit of any reasonable doubt.

Mr. Desmond Christian represented the appellants, while Senior Crown Counsel, Mr. W. G. Persaud appeared for the

respondent.

Delivering the judgment of the Guyana Court of Appeal, Chancellor Stoby said: “This appeal, which was admirably argued by Mr. Christian for the appellants, raises once again the question of what is the proper direction to be given to a jury when the accused’s answer to the charge is an alibi.”

The appellants were charged for robbery with violence. A witness gave evidence that as he was about to enter a shop in Regent Street one of the accused attacked and robbed him. This witness chased that accused, and saw him joined by the other accused who was waiting on a bicycle at Rsgent and Alexander Streets. The two accused rode away and were pursued for a considerable distance by this witness. Unknown to the participants of this incident, two police constables on duty in plain clothes were standing at the corner of Alexander and Regent Streets, Attracted by shouts of “thief” they saw one of the accused join the other accused and saw them both ride away. They followed on a motor cycle and caught up with them some distance from the starting point. As the policemen approached the two accused they abandoned their bicycle and ran into a nearby yard and the police followed them.

After a chase which involved entering into various yards and on various streets, the accused were apprehended-one by a policeman at the corner of Light and North Streets and the other at Light and Robb Streets. The policemen and the two accused were always within their vision and the effect of their evidence was that the men arrested were the men who were chased from Alexander and Regent Streets.

Both of the accused gave sworn evidence. One said that he had shopped that morning at the material time with his mother in the market. After concluding his purchase he walked to Light and North Streets where he was arrested.

The other accused said he was sent to Robb Street to do some work about 1:15 p.m. He went there and made enquiries at the first house between Light & Cummings Streets and was sent further down Robb Street. While walking in Robb Street he was arrested.

One of the accused called two witnesses to support his alibi.

The Chancellor, summing up said the judge directed the jury on the burden of proof and the standard of proof, but at no time did he specifically explain that the defence was an

VII

alibi or give a specific direction regarding an alibi. He did, however, deal very fully with the defence, in language which will be referred to hereafter.

He added that the counsel for the appellants in submitting that the convictions should be quashed for non-direction, amounted to misdirection, referred to R. v. Maraj (i), where it was contended that the trial judge By George Barclay erred in not giving to the jury the direction that ought to be given where a defence of alibi is set up.

In delivering the judgment of the court, GOMES C.J said (1961-1962), 4, W.I.R. 277, at p. 278): “Where the defence of alibi is set up, the requirement for an adequate direction to be given by the judge to the jury is of such an elementary nature that it should not require constant repetition. The fundamental principle is that before a jury can return a verdict of guilty, they must feel sure that the prosecution has discharged the onus of establishing the guilt of the accused.

“Where an alibi is set up as a defence, not only does that onus remain on the prosecution, but the trial judge is required to go a step further and direct the jury that, even if they reject or do not believe the defence of alibi, they must nevertheless, still consider whether the prosecution has proved all the ingredients of the charge that must be established before they can convict.”

“The main reason why that further direction or reminder is required to be given is that, where an accused person gives evidence or calls witnesses, or does both of those things, in support of his alibi, the jury is confronted with two diametrically opposed versions which are created by the presentation of evidence, the truth or falsity of which can be tested and be determined by them.

In such event, a jury, in the absence of the further direction, might think that if they reject the alibi, they must or can only accept the version put forward by the prosecution.”

“That situation, however does not arise where no evidence in support of an alibi is given by the defence or otherwise appears, as is the case here, and the trial judge was therefore not required to give to the jury the further direction mentioned above.”

According to the Chancellor, the counsel for the appellant had argued that the appellant had not only given sworn evidence of their alibis but had called witnesses and consequently the case came equally within the rule laid down by Gomes C .J. After dismissing the appeal and affirming the convictions and sentences, Chancellor Stoby said that while accepting that in certain circumstances a judge should follow the pattern laid down by Gomes C. J, he noted that the reason why in some cases a judge ought to give a special direction in respect of an alibi is solely to make sure that the jury approach the consideration of a verdict in the correct way.

VIII

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY)

MAGISTRATE DIES AFTER BLACK EYE MEAL; WIFE CRITICAL (Guyana Chronicle April 20, 1980)

Police were yesterday “pursuing every line of investigation” into the death of Berbice Magistrate Abdullah Subhan who died at the St. Joseph Mercy Hospital a week after he was admitted suffering the effects of food poisoning.

Deputy Commissioner of Police (Crime) Cecil “Skip” Roberts said yesterday that foul play was one of the angles being investigated.

Magistrate Subhan’s wife Azeema is still a patient at the hospital where she was admitted at the same time as her 39-year old husband last Sunday morning.

The couple was air dashed from New Amsterdam when their condition worsened after two days of treatment by a doctor in Berbice.

Police said yesterday that Magistrate Subhan who was the presiding officer at Whim Corentyne just before his death was taken to a doctor for treatment after eating a meal of boiled blackeye peas.

It was reported that the Magistrate and his wife had eaten the blackeye peas on Friday night and had left some on the table when the pet cat began eating it.

As a result the rest of the meal was thrown away and the dogs and the chickens in the yard of their No, 19 Corentyne home were found dead the next morning by a handyman.

The Magistrate and his wife were immediately taken to a doctor who prescribed some medicine but on Sunday morning their condition worsened.

They were flown to Georgetown for further treatment and admitted to the St. Joseph’s Mercy Hospital but the Magistrate died on Friday.

Reports from the hospital said his wife’s condition was still considered “critical” and a close watch was being kept on her.

A meeting of the Magistrates Association morning sent a message of condolence to the surviving relatives of the Magistrate yesterday.

LEGAL PROFESSION HONOURS SUBHAN (Guyana Chronicle April 24, 1980)

A High Court Judge Magistrates and Lawyers were among the large crowd of mourners at the funeral yesterday afternoon at # 19 Village Corentyne of Senior Berbice Magistrate Abdullah Subhan who died last Friday nine days after he and his family were stricken by chemical poisoning.

A special religious ceremony was held before burial at the village Mosque in memory of the Magistrate who was its President.

Justice Clifford Baburam and Magistrate Fizul Mohamed were among pall bearers.

Meanwhile police are still probing the poisoning of the Magistrate after a meal of black eye peas had caused tragedy in the Subhan family.

His 36 year old wife is still a patient at the St Joseph’s Mercy Hospital while his three children have since recovered.

Police are probing reports that the blackeye peas which touched off the tragedy was bought at a liquor restaurant.

A FAITHFUL DOG (Guyana Chronicle March 28, 1980) Since the death of Berb i c e B a r r i s t e r B h a i ro Prasad some two weeks ago his pet dog “Russ” has stopped eating and is almost uncontrollable despite the efforts of members of the Prasad family.

Russ usually slept in the kennel under the late Barrister’s house but since his late master’s death it has taken up a 24-hour vigil at the front door.

When the body of the late lawyer was being taken away for burial Russ followed the

hearse and attempted to jump into it.

Members of the Prasad family recalled that shortly before the lawyer’s death

he left home motoring to Georgetown and despite his efforts the dog joined the lawyer at the ferry stelling.

The lawyer returned from Georgetown the following day and found the dog still waiting at the ferry selling.

GEORGETOWN CHAMBER FUSION: FIRST SOLICITOR IN COURT TO CHANGE ITS NAME AS ATTORNEY (Guyana Chronicle March 29, 1980)

(Guyana Chronicle March 22, 1980)

Kenneth Benjamin became the first former solicitor to appear as an Attorney-at-Law in a Guyana court following the fusion of the legal profession.

Formerly solicitors were not permitted to plead cases in open court, only Attorneys-at-Law. Following the fusion, the distinctions between solicitors and lawyers were removed and they are now designated Attorney-at-Law and they all now wear gowns.

Mr. Benjamin appeared before Justice Rudolph Harper in the High Court on March 12 in the case of Ulric Henry against the Guyana Mining Enterprise.

Mr. Benjamin who graduated from the Hugh Wooding Law School in Trinidad and Tobago, had opted to become a solicitor.

Other solicitors who now practice as Attorneys-at-Law include Speaker of Parliament Sase Narain, Ayube McDoom and Co., R.S. Persaud, Laurie Persaud, L.L. Doobay, H.B. Fraser, H. Bruton, Miss. Desiree Bernard, Miss. Sheila Chapman, S.M.A. Nasir , H.W.DeFreitas, F.I.Dias and Oliver Valz.

The Georgetown Chamber of Commerce is to change its name to the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry (GCCI).

A motion to this effect proposed by the veteran businessman Eric Stoby was accepted and a special general meeting to effect the change and consider the matter will be held on April 10.

The announcement was made by President of the Chamber Mr. Ernest Christiani who said the motion was accepted at the Annual General Members meeting (AGM) of the organisation.

The Georgetown Chamber of Commerce was incorporated by statute in 1891 and the change of the name will have to get Parliamentary approval.

Meanwhile Ernest Christiani has been returned as President of the Chamber for 1980 at the AGM. Other officers are John Yates, Senior Vice-President, Leon Rockcliffe, Junior Vice President, Wainwright McKenzie, Treasurer and Mike DeAbreu, Secretary.

Other members returned to the Council are Eric Stoby, John Shepherd, William Lieu, Thakhur Persaud, C.O. Persaud, Raymond Ali, J.V. Dos Ramos, Lewis Singh, A.A.Peron, C. Cho Shee-Nam, H.A.Belgrave, Maurice Williams, Alfred Yhap, John Tilley with John DeFreitas and Vincent Young as new members.

P.H. DALY: (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) WHEN ENGLISH BECAME THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE (Guyana Chronicle April 19, 1980)

The English language was made official language of British Guiana in 1812 when it was introduced to the Court of Justice and Court of Policy by Sir Hugh Lyle Carmichael, the Governor.

The British took control of Guiana in 1803.Senior Up to 1812 there still existed in Guyana, the College of Kiezers or College of Electors which was a Dutch Institution.

Governor Carmichael had succeeded Governor Bentick, a Dutchman who had been retained as Governor of a British colony but who had left authority in ruins..

The introduction of English as the official language had its roots in a dispute.

Bentick had ordered investigations to be made into charges against Van Berkel, the First Fiscal.

The First Fiscal and the Advocate charged each other with offences including perjury.

One official charged that the other was unfit and unqualified to be a member of the court because he could not speak Dutch language.

The Governor ended the argument by proclaiming : ”From henceforth English shall be the official language of this colony.”

(Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@gmail.com or cell phone # 657 2043)

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

FOLKLORE

IX

An Unusual Pet I

By Neil Primus

t was a new moon night. The streets were bright and old things looked shiny and new in the tolerant silver beams. Sylvester and Alicia were heading home after the late cinema show.

They chatted and laughed about the movie they had just enjoyed. Mr. Bones 1 and 2. Funny and full of action, “Purrrr!” The soft call of a kitten reached their ears.

“Purrrr!” Again the distinct cry. It was coming from a clump of bushes at the side of the road. Alicia disengaged herself from Sylvester’s embrace and headed for the source of the call.

“It’s a small kitten Sylvester.”

“So?” “I can’t leave it here by itself it gon die!”

“I can.”

“Please baby.”

“Alicia we can’t save the world. Let someone else look after it.”

“No!” She was angry and near to tears so Sylvester relented.

They continued home now three in number, Alicia showered it with affection. She fed it milk and sardine and made a warm bed for it with old clothing and petted it until it fell asleep. She put it gently on the bed she had made for it in the kitchen. It was time for bed.

She retired for the night.

Grumble!

Rumble!

Scratch!

Someone was moving around outside. She hunched her husband on the arm but this did not interrupt the steady snore. Slipping out of bed she took a cautious peek at the bedroom window. No one was outside. She sighed and went back to bed.

Sometime later she was awakened by a law growl.

“Grrrrr! ” “Tumble” “Rumble” “Grumble!”

“Thump! ” She shook Sylvester awake. He forced open two tired eyes and looked at her.

“Somebody deh outside.”

He cocked his ears and heard nothing.

“Shrrrups! Go back to sleep girl.”

He took his own advice seriously. She lay awake listening. Sleep captured her.

“Put me back!”

“Put me back!”

“PUT ME BACK!” She heard the deep menacing voice and trembled at how it filled the bedroom.

She hunched Sylvester with an elbow No response.

She hunched him harder and there was a grunt then silence. She shook him. No response . She slapped him hard on the chest and he sit up startled.

“What! What!”

“A tell yo somebody deh outside” Reluctantly he got up put on the light and went outside. There was nobody.

He returned to the bedroom a bit irritated at having his sleep interrupted.

“Girl yo got fo stop eating late because it does settle pon yo chest an give yo nightmare.”

“Alicia held her tongue.”

They both settled down and tried to sleep. Sylvester beat her to it.

“Grumble!” “Rumble!” “Grrr!”

“Put me back!”

“Put me back!”

“PUT ME BACK!” Both of them jumped up. Now Sylvester had heard for himself. He was so confused that he began to shout the first thing that came to his mind.

“Thief !” “Thief !”

Well in the country side when yo hear yo neighbour shouting for thief there is a swift response. Neighbours came to their rescue arrived with cutlasses, hoe, iron, wood and gun. They searched the area but could find no one.

“Yo see anybody Sylvester?”

“No man I just hear them talking and grumbling.”

“Wat they say?”

The question came from Ms. Grant; a wise old woman.

“Yo bring home trouble.”

“What yo mean?”

As if by cue a voice thundered from the crowded house.

“WEH YO PICK ME UP YO PICK UP TROUBLE!” Well, I never see a house empty so fast. Two and three men pass through a small doorway same time. They regrouped a good distance from the house.

“Yo bring home Jumbie!”

Alicia’s blood ran cold.

“Y……y…yo mean de kitten?”

“Exactly!”

“Wah we must do?”

“Not we. I fraid dat thing. It bad bad! Me gone!

And with that the old lady abandoned Alicia and Sylvester.

“But wat got fo happen?”

Alicia addressed this to her retreating back.

“Put it back or yo all tail in trouble!”

Ms. Grant disappeared into her home and the rescue

“They say put me back.”

Alicia informed everyone about the voices she heard.

The old woman was puzzled. From inside the house a voice boomed.

“PUT ME BACK WEH YO GET ME!!”

The crowd froze then advanced on the house. Heaven help the bandit foolish enough to be caught in there.

Their searched was futile one. All this time Ms. Grant was looking around the house. As soon as she laid eyes on the kitten she hurried from the house. Alicia followed her surprised at her behaviour.

“Is wa wrong Ms. Grant?”

“When yu get kitten?”

Alicia smile and relaxed. She thought the woman was angry about something else.

“I find it on the road trembling from cold so I bring it home.”

party evaporated rapidly as soon as they realised it was some kind of jumbie.

“Yu see wah I does talk about!”

Sylvester was chiding his frightened wife. The couple edged to the house and into the front door. Sylvester led the way and Alicia brought up a lagging rear.

“PUT ME BACK WEH YO PICK ME UP FROM!” Sylvester nearly jumped out of his skin. He was trembling but trying to keep it together.

“Lea we carry that thing back Alicia!”

“Alicia!” “Alicia?”

When he looked behind him she was gone. He could hear the sound of her slippers speeding down the road and away from the house. Taking a deep breath, Sylvester advanced on the tiny fur ball with the voice like thunder. He was praying as his finger closed around the creature. “God help me!”

X

GREGORY PECK

Gregory Peck was born on April3, 1918in La Jolla, California. His father was a druggist in San Diego. His parents divorced when he was five years old. An only child, he was sent to live with his grandmother. He never felt he had a stable childhood. His fondest memories are of his grandmother taking him to the movies every week and of his dog, which followed him everywhere. He studied premed at UC-Berkeley and, while there, got bitten by the acting bug and decided to change the focus of his studies.

He enrolled in the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and debuted on Broadway after graduation. His debut was in Emlyn Williams' play "The Morning Star" (1942). By 1943 he was in Hollywood, where he debuted in the RKO film Days of Glory (1944).

Stardom came with his next film, The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award. Peck's screen presence displayed the qualities for which he became well known. He was tall, rugged and heroic, with a basic decency that transcended his roles. He appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbound (1945) as an amnesia victim accused of murder. In The Yearling (1946), he was again nominated for an Academy Award and won the Golden Globe. He was especially effective in westerns and appeared in such varied fare as David O. Selznick's critically blasted Duel in the Sun (1946), the somewhat better received Yellow Sky (1948) and the acclaimed The Gunfighter (1950). He was nominated again for the Academy Award for his roles in Gentleman's Agreement (1947), which dealt with anti-Semitism, and Twelve O'Clock High (1949), a story of high-level stress in an Air Force bomber unit in World War II.

With a string of hits to his credit, Peck made the decision to only work in films that interested him. He continued to appear as the heroic, larger-than-life figures in such films as Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N. (1951) and Moby Dick (1956). He worked with Audrey Hepburn in her debut film, Roman Holiday (1953). Peck finally won the Oscar, after four nominations, for his performance as lawyer Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962). In the early 1960s he appeared in two darker films than he usually made, Cape Fear (1962) and Captain Newman, M.D. (1963), which dealt with the way people live. He also gave a powerful performance as Capt.

Keith Mallory in The Guns of Navarone (1961), one of the biggest box-office hits of that year.

In the early 1970s he produced two films, The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1972) and The Dove (1974), when his film career stalled. He made a comeback playing, somewhat woodenly, Robert Thorn in the horror film The Omen (1976).

After that, he returned to the bigger-than-life roles he was best known for, such as MacArthur (1977) and the monstrous Nazi Dr. Josef Mengele in the huge hit The Boys from Brazil (1978). In the 1980s he moved into television with the mini-series The Blue and the Gray (1982) and The Scarlet and the Black (1983). In 1991 he appeared in the remake of his 1962 film, playing a different part, in Martin Scorsese's Cape Fear (1991). He was also cast as the progressive-thinking owner of a wire and cable business in Other People's Money (1991).

In 1967 Peck received the Academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. He was also been awarded the US Presidential Medal of Freedom. Always politically progressive, Peck was active in such causes as anti-war protests, workers' rights and civil rights. He died in June 2003, aged 87.

He Almost always played courageous, nobly heroic good guys who saw injustice and fought it.

A distinctive low-pitched voice. Films often reflected his liberal political views IMPOSING STATURE Often plays leaders or authority figures His earliest movie memory is of being so scared by The Phantom of the Opera (1925) at age 9 that his grandmother allowed him to sleep in the bed with her that night.

U.C. Berkeley graduate (BA '39), oarsman on Cal's JV crew.

Of his own movies, To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) is Peck's favourite.

Children, with Greta Kukkonen: Jonathan Peck (b. 1944 - d. 1975), Stephen Peck (b. 1946) and Carey Paul Peck (b.

1949).

Children with Veronique Peck: Tony Peck (b. 1956) and Cecilia Peck (b. 1958).

Oldest son, Jon, committed suicide by gunshot.

Chairman, Motion Picture & Television Relief Fund.

Recipient, Presidential Medal of Freedom, nation's highest civilian award, awarded by Lyndon Johnson.

(1968-1974) Charter Member, National Council on the Arts.

National Chairman, American Cancer Society.

(1964-1966) Charter Member, National Council on the Arts.

(1967-1969) Chairman, American Film Institute. He was the first Chairman of the AFI. Stating he was worried about the 600,000 jobs hanging on the survival of the Chrysler Corporation, he volunteered to become an unpaid TV pitchman for the company in 1980.

He took in former co-star Ava Gardner's housekeeper and dog after her death in 1990.

He was in the original version of Cape Fear (1962) in 1962, playing Sam Bowden. He was later brought back for a part in another version of Cape Fear (1991), playing Max Cady's attorney.

Honourary chair, Los Angeles Library Foundation.

Was president of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts & Sciences from 1967-1970. He made the decision to postpone the 1968 Oscar ceremony after Martin Luther King's assassination.

Chosen by producer Darryl F. Zanuck for the epic film David and Bathsheba (1951) because Zanuck thought Peck had a "biblical face".

His ancestry included English, Irish, and distant Welsh.

His paternal grandparents were Samuel Peck and Catherine Ashe, and his maternal grandparents were John Daggett Ayers and Katherine Elizabeth Forse. His paternal grandmother was an immigrant from County Kerry, Ireland. She was a relative of Thomas Ashe, an Irish patriot who fought in the Easter Rising in 1916 and died on hunger strike the following year.

Many of Gregory's other ancestors were from families that had lived in New England since the 1600s.

Seriously considered challenging then California Governor Ronald Reagan's re-election campaign in 1970 but decided against it at the last minute despite state and national pressure from the Democrat Party of California and The Democratic National Committee.

Marched with Martin Luther King.

His character from To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), Atticus Finch, was voted the greatest screen hero of all time by the American Film Institute in May 2003, only two weeks before his death (beating out Indiana Jones, who was placed second, and James Bond who came third).

Along with Dorothy McGuire, Mel Ferrer and David O. Selznick, he co-founded the La Jolla Playhouse, located in his hometown, and produced many of the classics there. Due to film commitments, he could not return to Broadway but whet his appetite for live theater on occasion at the Playhouse, keeping it firmly established with a strong, reputable name over the years.

During his lean salad days, he supported himself as a Radio City Music Hall tour guide and as a catalog model for Montgomery Ward.

Brock Peters delivered his eulogy on the day of his funeral and burial, June 16, 2003. In To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), Peters played Tom Robinson, the black man accused of raping a white girl that Atticus Finch (Peck's character) defended in court.

Was the first native Californian to win an Academy Award for Best Actor.

A back injury incurred in college kept him out of the services in World War II. He was i Gregory Peck was born on April3, 1918 Gregory Peck was born on April3, 1918nducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1979.

Son, Stephen did a tour in Vietnam with the Marine Corps.

Peck was proud of his son's military service even though he disagreed with the war itself.

When he arrived in Italy to shoot Roman Holiday (1953), Gregory was privately depressed about his recent separation and imminent divorce from his first wife, Greta. However, during the shoot, he met and fell in love with a French woman

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

named Veronique Peck. After his divorce, he married Passani and they remained together for the rest of his life. So, in a way, he lived out his own "movie romance".

According to at least one biography, he took his role in The Omen (1976) at a huge cut in salary (a mere $250,000) but was guaranteed 10% of the film's box office take. It went on to gross more than $60 million in the U.S. alone, and became the film for which he earned the most money in his career.

While studying at UC Berkeley, Peck was a houseboy for the school's chapter of the Gamma Phi Beta sorority.

He was voted the 58th Greatest Movie Star of all time by Entertainment Weekly.

Attended San Diego High School.

He was voted the 27th Greatest Movie Star of all time by Premiere Magazine.

Named the #12 greatest actor on The 50 Greatest Screen Legends list by the American Film Institute In late November of 2005, thieves stole Peck's "Hollywood Walk of Fame" star using a cement saw to cut the bronze-and-terrazzo marker out of the sidewalk. In a simple ceremony, a new star honoring the late actor was unveiled on December 1st to replace the stolen one. Hollywood's honorary mayor Johnny Grant lifted a covering and announced, "Ladies and gentlemen, we proudly welcome back to the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Gregory Peck." Peck's star was the fourth to be stolen since the Walk of Fame was inaugurated. James Stewart's and Kirk Douglas' stars disappeared some years ago after being removed for construction and were later recovered by police in the nearby city of South Gate. Gene Autry's star also vanished during a construction project. A call saying it had been found in Iowa proved to be a false alarm.

He and The Big Country (1958) co-star Charlton Heston both played the infamous Nazi war criminal Dr. Josef Mengele: Peck in The Boys from Brazil (1978), Heston in Rua Alguem 5555: My Father (2003).

In the spring of 1939, Peck skipped graduation at the University of California at Berkeley and, with $160 and a letter of introduction in his pocket, went by train to New York, traveling coach, to embark on his acting career.

Studied acting with Michael Chekhov Father-in-law of Daniel Voll.

He was awarded the American National Medal of the Arts in 1998 by the National Endowment of the Arts in Washington D.C. Was Warner Bros. original choice to play Grandpa Joe in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005). He was offered the role and seriously considered it but passed away before he could give them an answer.

His performance as Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) is ranked #13 on Premiere Magazine's 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.

Cited that his favorite leading ladies were Audrey Hepburn, Ingrid Bergman, and Ava Gardner.

Once owned a thoroughbred named "Different Class," who was the favorite in the 1968 Grand National Steeplechase

Please turn to page XV

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

HOW TO MAKE A JEWELLERY DISPLAY

water). Blot with a clean, damp cloth, followed by a dry cloth.

Discover how to recreate this pretty jewellery display using these simple instructions.

You will need: * Heart notice * Fabric * Ribbon and trimmings * Wadding * Staple gun * Scissors

Sticky Stuff (Gum, Wax) Apply a piece of ice until the gunk hardens, then gently scrape it off with a comb or a butter knife. Dab on some clear dish soap to dislodge any residue. Rinse with a clean, damp cloth.

* Felt fabric for the back of the board * Hot glue gun Instructions 1. Lay the notice board down on the felt, draw around and cut out a heart shape. This is optional but it will cover and provide a neat finish for the staples and fabric joins on the back of the board.

2. Lay the batting down then lay the notice board on top.

At the point of the heart, pull the batting over the board and staple into place. Repeat the same process at the top of each rounded section of the heart. Work around the heart shape pulling and stapling the batting evenly into place. Trim the batting around the back of the board to neaten.

3. Repeat the above and cover the board with the fabric.

4. Following the photograph as guidance position and wrap the heart with trimmings, ensuring they criss-cross evenly. Staple the trimmings into place on the reverse of the board. Trim to neaten.

5. Attach a length of trimming to the top of the heart to hang on a wall by staple gunning a piece to the back of the board.

6. Finally, if using, stick the felt onto the back of the board with the hot glue gun.

Quick Amazing CLEANING A quick response and the right approach to stains can save you stress later. Be prepared for these common culprits.

Coffee or Tea In a spray bottle, combine 1 cup white vinegar and 1 cup water. Spritz the stain, then blot with a damp cloth. Next, dab with diluted ammonia (1 tablespoon clear ammonia in 1 cup

XI

* 2 tablespoons olive oil, plus more for serving * kosher salt and black pepper * 8 large eggs, beaten * 3 ounces Cheddar, grated (about 3/4 cup) * 1 cup halved cherry tomatoes * 1/3 cup finely chopped flat-leaf parsley leaves * crusty bread, for serving Directions * Heat the olive oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add the onion, bell pepper, 1 teaspoon salt, and ½ teaspoon pepper. Cook- stirring occasionally, until very tender, 12 to 14 minutes. * Add the eggs and cook, stirring frequently, until the eggs are just set, 1 to 2 minutes. Add the Cheddar and cook, stirring, until just melted, 1 to 2 minutes more. * Remove from heat and stir in the tomatoes and parsley. * Drizzle the bread with oil and serve alongside the eggs.

FIVE-LAYER VEGGIE (AND HAM) SANDWICH Lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, and mixed pickled vegetables help fill out this robust sandwich.

Ingredients

Grease (Pizza, Salad Dressing) Sprinkle cornmeal or talcum powder on the spot until absorbed. Brush off with a dry cloth.

Red Wine Blot—don’t rub—with a clean, damp cloth, then use a fresh cloth to apply white wine (yep!); blot again.

Still there? Sprinkle on baking soda

* 2 grated carrots * 2 tablespoons olive oil * 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice * black pepper * 3/4 cup chopped drained giardiniera (mixed pickled vegetables) * 1/4 cup olive tapenade * 6 ounces sliced ham or roasted turkey (or a mix of both) * 4 ounces sliced provolone * 1 tomato, sliced * 1 cucumber, thinly sliced * 1 bunch lettuce * 4 soft whole-grain rolls, halved Directions * Combine the carrots, oil, lemon juice, and ¼ teaspoon pepper in a medium bowl.

and, let it sit for 20 minutes, and remove with yet another cloth.

Ink Dip a clean toothbrush in a capful of rubbing alcohol; shake off the excess and brush gently over the spot.

REAL SIMPLE WAYS Loaded Scrambled Eggs Bulk up scrambled eggs with colourful, healthy additions—cherry tomatoes, bell peppers, onions, parsley—along with Cheddar cheese for extra protein.

Ingredients * 1 chopped red onion * 1 chopped bell pepper

* Divide the carrots, giardiniera, tapenade, ham or turkey, provolone, tomato, cucumber, and arugula among the rolls.

XII

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Sunny Leone is Bollywood’s latest addiction!

Sunny Leone’s horrex film Ragini MMS 2 not only impressed the audience but it got cash registers jingling as well. Besides the former Canadian pornstar’s sexy avatar, it was the film’s music which worked wonders for it. Yo Yo Honey Singh’s special number Chaar bottle vodka became a hit in no time. However, the surprise package was Kanika Kapoor’s upbeat Punjabi item number Baby doll featuring Daniel Weber’s gorgeous wifey.

What’s interesting is that we’re not the only ones hooked to this foot tapping song. We hear singer singer-actor Ayushmann Khurrana is completely addicted to Sunny’s Baby doll these days. So much so that while shooting for his forthcoming film Dum Laga ke Haisha, the dishy dude started singing Baby doll. In fact, he created his own tabla tune using the court-room table and sang the peppy track. Now that’s interesting, hai na?

Well, not too long ago, Chetan Bhagat had posted on Twitter, “When you are super stressed, sometimes the only thing that works is watching Baby doll in a loop (interspersed with political ads) on youtube.” The bestselling writer also seems to be a Baby doll fan, no?

Good for Sunny Leone coz her acting may not have impressed many but her song has certainly made her more popular wethinks!

How is Govinda being a part of Himesh Reshammiya and Yo Yo Honey Singh’s The Xpose?

Himesh Reshammiya and Yo Yo Honey Singh’s upcoming retro musical murder mystery has been in news for a lot of copying. People have been panning the movie’s trailers to posters to music and are labeling them as copied material. However, the makers are pretty open about the fact that they have copied from other films so as to bring the real life like experiences. Also because the movie is based on a story about the film industry, thus there are similarities to many actors from real life and many instances from other films. One such incident that has come up in the foray is a sequence from the 1989 film Jungbaaz starring Govinda and Raaj Kumar.

It is common knowledge that Himesh’s character is modeled on real life of cop-turned-superstar Raaj Kumar. So there is a sequence in the film where there is a face-off between Himesh and Nakul Vaid, which is similar to that of the face-off between Raaj Kumar and Govinda. If we recall in the face-off scene between the two actors, Govinda had to say Mere paas akal hai and the late Jaani had to merely reply, Aur mere paas taaqat hai.

After Varun Dhawan’s attempt at copying But Raaj Kumar took the Govinda in Main Tera Hero, will Himesh bring dialogue to another level back Govinda in his upcoming film? Read on and added two bits of his to know idiosyncrasy and said, Aur mere paas taaqat aur akal dono hain. He left Govinda flummoxed and walked off in a huff. The same incident will be copied in The Xpose.

Well, wethinks it certainly will be fun to watch some of the most iconic incidents in movie history being recreated by Himesh, Yo Yo Honey Singh and the others in the film. Although we don’t want them to be represented in a ridiculous manner, else we will not be flummoxed but angry. What about you BollywoodLifers?

After Chetan Bhagat, the Vicky Donor actor is now addicted to Ms Leone though not literally (Addiction photo)

I can’t make you love me teaser: Is this really Priyanka Chopra’s voice?

After In My City and Exotic, Priyanka Chopra is back with her third song I can’t make you love me. This song was originally sung by Bonnie Raitt in 1991 but PC’s version is completely different and quite catchy. Also, the dusky babe has certainly worked on her voice coz in her new song she does sound like an international pop star. Good for her and even better for her fans across the globe, hai na? What’s even more interesting is the fact that Priyanka’s latest single made it to the No.3 spot on Itunes India in less than 24 hours of its release. Woww! Looks like the Gunday starlet has nailed it yet again, no? After this, we can’t wait to watch the video of PeeCee’s new song. It certainly would be worth watching considering it has been shot by well known directors Jeff Nicholas and Jonathan Craven who have worked with artists like Rihanna and Justin Timberlake.

Coming to the song, we found the Priyanka’s rendition of the classic romantic ballad upbeat and vibrant.

As for the video, it will be out tomorrow but take a look at the teaser to know what’s in store. Also, check out the lyrical video and tell us what you think about the B-town beauty’s new song which is also her first single. Remember the singer-actor had collaborated The new song from Ms Chopra’s album is out and with Will.I.am and Pitbull we are pleasantly surprised. It seems PC is indeed for her first two songs In working very hard on her music career and going by My City and Exotic respecher latest offering wethinks her efforts have paid off tively?

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Femi Anikulapo-Kuti, finally opened up on his crashed marriage Afrobeat maestro, Femi Anikulapo-Kuti, has finally opened up on his crashed marriage. The musician, who is currently in Paris, France where he is due to perform at the biggest African music festival in Europe, spoke to The Sun newspaper and recalled how he met and married Funke, his ex-wife and mother of his first son, Made. He also spoke about other intimate issues. It is vintage Femi – candid, honest and brutally frank!

What has been your experience in collaborating with musicians like Wizkid and the rest?

It is okay.

Did you expect the kind of acceptance ‘Jaiye Jaiye’ is receiving?

Yes, because I know what I put inside. It is like cooking a pot of soup without putting spices that will make it sweet, it will just be an ordinary pot of soup. People might like it because they are hungry to eat.

It was already a good music I just put a bit of energy that enhanced creativity and that was easy because I already like the music.

Would you still do more with upcoming Nigerian artistes?

Yes, I will do more. I get a lot of people asking me to do collaboration with them. Emi and ex-wife My problem now is that I have to finish my next album. There are many people that I have already promised. The next person now might just be Nneka, who is asking me to do something for her. I might, it all depends. My next album must come out next year and I most compose 12 to 14 songs in four months time. I have already done a lot in my life to start thinking of new music; it’s impossible right now for me.

Because of Made, maybe you and Funke see to talk about common things but we are shocked to see her sitting next to you at ‘Femi Segun’s burial?

She is the mother of my child and we are very friendly, we even call each other. At least, what I manage to do is not to let the breakup affect Made first of all, and our relationship. Human beings must fight. There must be

misunderstanding sometimes. It is now left to us if we are matured enough to overcome these problems. To some people, breakup is so bitter that they end up hating each other. I manage to take my hatred and throw it away, and still respect her as a human being and the mother of my son, and most importantly for the love of my son who needs his mother. If she too understands that he needs his father then we must get rid of our misunderstanding. He was the one at the church who said ‘please sit beside my mother’; I had to oblige him. I could have refused because I went with my girlfriend, so I told my girlfriend not to be annoyed and she understood.

Does it mean you and Funke may come back as husband

and wife?

I doubt it. But you never know. You never know what God has in plan for you. What if you say never and something just happens? If they told me she would leave my house one day, I would have said it is impossible. So, if she comes back one day, you never know what can happen. One sickness can hook you down and she might be the person by your bedside, what would happen? I don’t pray for it but you never know what God has in plan for you. So, I am not the one that tempts fate.

Right now, I am content, I am happy, we are friendly and my children are also happy.

(Source: http://nollywood.codewit. com/gossips/femi-anikulapo-kuti-finally-opened-up-on-his-crashed-marriage-15041539)

Uche Odoputa: Ex-convicted Nollywood Actor Now A Driver To APC Chieftain Uche Odoputa, who used to be a popular Nollywood actor before his arrest and conviction in 2007 for drug trafficking, now works as a driver and one of the aides to an APC chieftain – Emeka Ebekee in Port Hacourt.

Odoputa was spotted on several campaign grounds with the Ebekee. After each occasion the former actor took over the wheel.

According to the information provided by Movie Moments, the APC chieftain also launched a boutique for Odoputa, where he deals on men’s clothes.

Imo State born actor, who gained popularity for his lover boy roles, was arrested at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos on March 23, 2007 with several grammes of cocaine on him.

Having served about 6 years in prison, he was released, but not much has been heard about his acting career since then Source: http://nollywood.codewit.com/gossips/ucheodoputa-ex-convicted-nollywood-actor-now-a-driver-toapc-chieftain-10041552

Uche Odoputa

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“ I would rather be lonely and miserable than be in a relationship” - Yvonne Okoro Voluptuous beauty, half-Nigerian, half-Ghanaian actress, Yvonne Okoro, isn’t exactly the kind of damsel you would think is in distress. She has nothing on her to cut that image and it doesn’t appear her career is in danger either. If the beautifully endowed sexy actress should come under any observation, I guess the lots would be in her favour as she seems to be doing better than ever, career wise.

But her post on the Instagram last week placed a huge question mark on the state of mind of the actress. The declaration “ I would rather be lonely and miserable than be in a relationship” wouldn’t pass for any woman who is fulfilled as a woman, even though the career is on the up and up.

It wasn’t until further checks were run on what could have brought about that rather gloomy assertion that the whole scenario began to make sense. It turned out Yvonne’s post was an extract from a previous interview the talented actress granted on relationships.

“If you give me all the attention and make me laugh I think that’s it. I am not in a relationship, not because I don’t want to. Let me correct that, because you go somewhere and people say `oh, I am happy with just my job’ but the truth is nobody is happy being single. Again you hear: `I don’t want to get married now’ I think it’s a lie.”

“In my opinion, it’s because your master hasn’t come yet.

My mother always says that once your master comes you don’t need anyone to tell you to go, you’ll go. I haven’t had my master yet but the truth of the matter is, because of what I do, I meet people.

“However, it’s so difficult for me to meet single people, it’s so difficult as well to trust people and that is the problem.

At a point, you realize that they treated you like a trophy and showed you off because you are on television. The ideal relationship for me would be to hang out with my boyfriend and his friends, who won’t even care that I am an actress.

“At this age, I don’t see the point of dating someone and knowing deep down that it’s not going to go far. I would rather be lonely and miserable than be in a relationship and be happy for a short while; then walk away because I realized this is not the kind of man I want to be with.

I’d rather stay put until my master Yvonne-Okoro comes. But what if my master comes at a time I am with somebody, then what, I have to bounce him”.

Going by her post last Wednesday, it does appear, the actress hasn’t found her master yet and this must have bothered her enough to reach out and tell the world she is still single, willing and very much available.

Source: http://nollywood.codewit.com/gossips/i-rsquod-rather-be-miserable-than-be-in-a-relationship-hellipmdash-yvonne-okoro-14041540

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Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

SAMSUNGCamera GALAXY K-ZOOM phone at its best!

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he fact that Samsung stands atop the global smartphone heap isn’t new information, but the sheer volume of smartphones the Korean company has shipped so far this year is staggering. With the Galaxy S5 just beginning to ship, Samsung’s total shipment volume for the first quarter of the year came to 85 million smartphone units, more than the next four competitors — Ap-

pleAAPL-0.34%, Huawei, Lenovo and LG — combined Samsung Group -is a South Korean multinationalconglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.

It comprises numerous subsidiaries and affiliated businesses; most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest South Korean business conglomerate.

Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail.

Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and ship building industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth.

Following Lee's death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Since the 1990s Samsung has increasingly globalized its activities, and electronics, particularly mobile phones and semiconductors, have become its most important source of income

Samsung's latest hybrid camera/phone, the Galaxy K Zoom, feels like more of a phone and less of a camera than the previous Galaxy S4 Zoom. It's a major leap in every way beyond its predecessor, with specs that come a lot closer to the flagship Galaxy S5 and a relatively large 20.7-megapixel sensor with 10x optical zoom.

The K Zoom is a big phone, because it has a big camera in it. It's 5.4 by 2.8 by 0.8 inches and 7 ounces, but it feels reasonably comfortable in the hand because the body is smoothly rounded, like a big stone. It runs Android 4.4.2 KitKat with a very similar skin to the Galaxy S5.

The 4.8-inch, 1080p Super AMOLED HD screen is bright and saturated; although it doesn't have the Galaxy S5's neat software tricks that make the S5 display look near-perfect in all lighting conditions. The phone uses a hexacore (dual 1.7GHz/quad 1.3GHz) Samsung Exynos processor.

Other specs include 2GB of RAM, 8 or 16GB of storage, plus a MicroSD card slot, and the usual LTE and other wireless networks. It comes in white, black, and electric blue.

I'm impressed by how much the K Zoom feels like a phone. The back is the same textured-plastic material as on the Galaxy S5, and the lens doesn't protrude much from the

back (although you can definitely feel it's there.) That makes the K Zoom much more comfortable to hold and tap as a

normal phone than the S4 Zoom.

Hit the hardware shutter button and the lens extends, which takes about a second. The shutter button has dual-detent focus-and-shoot, if you want it, and you can separate the AE and AF points for dramatic images. Since the phone has the usual absurd number of Samsung camera modes, a "Pro Suggest" mode analyses your frame and picks the five modes or filters it thinks are appropriate. More camera modes and filters are downloadable from a custom store. Optical image stabilization works for stills and 1080p videos at up to 60 frames per second.

"Selfie Alarm" is an ill-named, but witty feature that lets you take self-shots with the main 20-megapixel camera as opposed to the 2-megapixel front camera. When you turn the camera to face you, it beeps if you're in frame, and then steadily more quickly as you stay in frame - and then it shoots the picture automatically.

With no zoom active, they were a little dark but quite sharp at the centre of the frame, with some blurring in the corners of the image. Visible noise showed up at full 10x zoom. The auto mode handled a switch to macro without a problem, and kept suggesting various camera modes that looked a lot like Instagram filters to me. The shutter felt pleasantly instantaneous.

I liked this camera/phone. It's narrower than the Galaxy S5 and does away with some of the S5's gimmicky features (the heart ratemonitor and fingerprint scanner) in exchange for something people will really use: a high-quality camera. That said, it's still thicker and heavier than most smartphones and will appeal only to serious “phone-tographers.”

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

GREGORY PECK From page X

in the UK - but finished 3rd.

In 1997, as a presenter at the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) awards ceremony, he said, "It just seems silly to me that something so right and simple has to be fought for at all."

Mourners for the public service held after his burial held huge black-and-white portraits of Peck as they approached the Cathedral, designed by artist/sculptor Robert Graham, husband of Anjelica Huston. Church officials estimated that almost 3,000 people attended. Seats were reserved for Peck's friends, a sizable number of whom were celebrities - they were instructed to whisper the secret password "Atticus" to the red-coated ushers who escorted them to the reserved section - Harry Belafonte, Anjelica Huston, Michael York, Louise Fletcher, Tony Danza, Piper Laurie, Harrison Ford, Calista Flockhart. Michael Jackson, wearing a red jacket, caused a stir when he arrived 20 minutes late. Decked out in a bright blue suit and clutching a program with Peck's picture on it was his first wife Greta, looking hale and hearty at 92.

Roger Mahony, Archbishop of Los Angeles, presided over the service. The program included bible readings by Peck's children Carey, Cecilia and Tony. Mahoney said, "He lived his life authentically, as God called and willed him and placed him in his room, with gifts and talents." Brock Peters, who played the black man defended by Peck's character Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), delivered the eulogy.

The film spawned a close friendship between the two stars that lasted more than 40 years. "In art there is compassion," said Peters, "in compassion there is humanity, with humanity there is generosity and love. Gregory Peck gave us these attributes in full measure." The crowd visibly warmed to a videotape performance of Peck featuring a lecture he gave several years before. He said he hoped to be remembered first as a good husband, father and grandfather. Then, with quiet strength and unforgettable presence, he added: "I'd like to be thought of as a good storyteller".

He had always wanted to do a Walt Disney movie.

In the 1950s, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum near Tucson, AZ, named one of their male javalinas "Gregory Peckory" in his honor; incidentally, their female was named "Olivia de Javalina" to honor actress Olivia de Havilland.

He was a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War, while remaining supportive of his son who was serving there.

In 1947, at the beginning of the anti-communist investigations in Hollywood, Peck signed a letter deploring the witch hunts despite being warned his signature could hurt his career.

Broke his ankle in three places in a fall from a horse while filming Yellow Sky (1948).

Turned down Gary Cooper's Oscar-winning role as Marshal Will Kane in High Noon (1952) because he felt the story was too similar to his The Gunfighter (1950). When the film proved to be a huge success Peck admitted he had made a mistake, though he said he didn't believe he could have played the character as well as Cooper.

In 1999 he supported the decision to give Elia Kazan an honorary Oscar for lifetime achievement, saying he believed that a man's work should be separate from his life.

He was a close friend of Michael Jackson for the last 25 years of his life, and often went horse riding with the singer at his Neverland Ranch. During the Jordie Chandler scandal in 1993, Peck wrote a letter defending Jackson. He also gave a glowing video tribute to Jackson at his 30th Anniversary concert in New York in 2001.

In 1987 he joined Burt Lancaster, Martin Sheen and Lloyd Bridges in narrating a TV commercial for the People for the American Way, opposing the confirmation of President Ronald Reagan's nominee to the Supreme Court, ultra-conservative judge Robert Bork. Bork, who came under intense criticism in part because of his past vociferous opposition to civil rights laws, ultimately failed to be confirmed by the Senate.

He was a close friend of Jane Fonda, and frequently attended political rallies with her.

He was an active supporter of AIDS fund raising.

Advertised Chesterfield cigarettes.

In 1946 he met and befriended Gary Cooper, with whom he was often compared in terms of looks and acting style.

During the Vietnam War Peck was a vocal supporter of teenagers who dodged the draft, calling them "patriots" and "heroes" and saying that burning their draft cards was part of

their civic duty. He produced an anti-war film, The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1972) using his own money in order to provoke more opposition to the conflict.

Appeared on President Richard Nixon's infamous "List of Enemies" in 1972.

After Peck stormed off the set of The Big Country (1958), director William Wyler said of him: "I wouldn't direct Peck again for a million dollars and you can quote me on that.".

As a board member of Handgun Control Inc. (along with Martin Sheen and Susan Sarandon), Peck was sometimes criticized for his friendship with Charlton Heston, a longtime advocate of gun ownership who served as President of the National Rifle Assocation (NRA) from 1998 to 2003. When questioned by James Brady, Peck said, "We're colleagues rather than friends. We're civil to each other when we meet.

I, of course, disagree vehemently with him on gun control.".

In his 80s his frail and thin appearance frequently sparked press rumors of his impending death, particularly when in 2001 he attended Jack Lemmon's funeral with his head bandaged from a recent fall.

He was given the role of Ambassador Robert Thorn in The Omen (1976) after Charlton Heston turned it down in order to make Midway (1976).

In 1948, amid the anti-Communist hysteria sweeping the country during the McCarthy "Red Scare" era, he was called before a "fact finding committee" set up by the California Legislature to ferret out alleged Communists and their sympathizers in the entertainment industry. He was summoned because of his association with a host of "liberal" organizations and causes, along with several other stars. He gave the committee a list of every organization to which he had contributed money, along with their letterheads, and said that he contributed to them because they were legitimate organizations. He told the committee, "I am not now and never have been associated with any communist organization or supporters of communism. I am not a communist, never was a communist and I have no sympathy with communist activities".

He was a heavy drinker as a young actor in Hollywood.

In 1949 he was hospitalized with heart spasms, and while filming David and Bathsheba (1951) he was hospitalized with a suspected heart attack. Though it turned out to be a palpitation brought on by his lifestyle and overwork, he began to drink less thereafter. However, he did not stop smoking for many more years.

His few attempts to play a villain were considered unsuccessful, perhaps because the public could not accept Peck as anything other than good. He was considered too young at 38 (the movie was filmed in 1954) to play Captain Ahab in Moby Dick (1956), especially since the character was described in Herman Melville's novel as an old man. Peck admitted he only agreed to play Nazi Dr Josef Mengele in The Boys from Brazil (1978) because he wanted to work with Sir Laurence Olivier. Although the film and his performance were savaged by the critics, Peck remained loyal to it.

He was originally cast in the role played by Robert Taylor in Quo Vadis (1951).

Campaigned for Harry S. Truman in the 1948 presidential election.

He did not get along with director Elia Kazan while filming Gentleman's Agreement (1947). Kazan told the press he was very disappointed with Peck's performance and the two men never worked together again.

After making Arabesque (1966), Peck withdrew from acting for three years in order to concentrate on various humanitarian causes, including the American Cancer Society.

He is listed in the Cal Berkeley Alumni roster as a graduate of the Class of 1942 who studied as an English major and where he acted in plays at the Associated Students sponsored 'Little Theatre' on campus. Incidentally while under the watch of the University's Committee on Music and Drama led by Professor William Popper as chairman, the University's Department of Dramatic Arts was just being established towards the end of his student tenure in 1941.

In 1996, veteran character actor Richard Jaeckel, Peck's costar in The Gunfighter (1950), was diagnosed with cancer, and Jaeckel's wife had Alzheimer's disease. The Jaeckels had lost their Brentwood home, were over $1 million in debt, and Jaeckel was basically homeless. His family tried unsuccessfully to enter him into Woodland Hills Motion Picture and Television Hospital. Peck lobbied for Jaeckel's admittance

XV

and he was treated within three days. Jaeckel stayed in the hospital until his passing in June 1997.

The financial failure of Cape Fear (1962) ended his company, Melville Productions.

Only the Valiant (1951) was his least favorite film. He thought the western potboiler was a step backwards after starring in The Gunfighter (1950).

When he was the President of the Academy of Motion Pictures and Science, he tried his hardest to get a full-length animated feature film (most notably the The Jungle Book (1967)) not only nominated for Best Picture Academy Award but actually win the award. He resigned as President in 1970 when other members didn't agree with him about animated films being nominated for the award. Twenty-one years after he resigned Beauty and the Beast (1991) became the first animated film to be nominated for Best Picture although it did not win.

Turned down Yves Montand's role in Let's Make Love (1960) because he didn't want to work with Marilyn Monroe.

Son of Gregory Pearl Peck and wife Bernice Mae Ayres.

He had always wanted to act in a Shakespearean play, but by the time the opportunity presented itself in 1951 he decided it was too late to start.

Formed a solid friendship with Mary Badham, who played his daughter "Scout" in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962). They remained in contact until his passing. According to Badham, she always called him "Atticus" and he always called her "Scout".

His favorite singers were Frank Sinatra and Michael Jackson. He was also a big fan of Elton John.

His favorite drink was Guinness, which he drank every day. Eventually he had a tap installed in the bar at his house.

In 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking at No. 12.

A physically powerful man, Peck was known to do a majority of his own fight scenes, rarely using body or stunt doubles. Robert Mitchum, his on-screen opponent in Cape Fear (1962), said that Peck once accidentally punched him for real during their final fight scene in the movie. He recalled feeling the impact of the punch for days afterwards and said, "I don't feel sorry for anyone dumb enough who picks a fight with him.".

In December 2002 Peck visited his wife in hospital in Los Angeles after she underwent surgery to relieve pressure on two vertebrae. The sight of the veteran actor in hospital sparked more press rumors that he was seriously ill.

His mother died in May 1992 at the age of 97.

Agreed to star in David and Bathsheba (1951) as a riposte to the Biblical epics of Cecil B. DeMille.

By 1974, following a series of flops, Peck's career had declined to such an extent that he admitted in an interview that he was thinking of retiring from acting. Two years later however he made an enormous comeback with The Omen (1976).

He was considered for Rock Hudson's role in Ice Station Zebra (1968).

One of his greatest heroes from childhood was President Abraham Lincoln. Peck was initially concerned about playing him in The Blue and the Gray (1982), since at 66 he was a decade older than Lincoln was when he was assassinated.

Some 17 years later, when he was the director Rod Lurie 's first choice to play the role of a fictional U.S. President in The Contender (2000), he declined saying he was 'too damn old.'.

In the early 1990s Peck considered writing his autobiography, however he decided against it when he realized he wasn't as good at writing as his friend David Niven.

Often stated how disappointed he was that many American viewers did not realize how anti-war The Guns of Navarone (1961) was.

MGM wanted Peck to play Roger Thornhill in North by Northwest (1959), but the director Alfred Hitchcock thought Peck was too serious and cast Cary Grant instead.

He was a lifelong opponent of nuclear weapons, and made On the Beach (1959) for this reason.

Personally chose Lewis Milestone to direct the anti-war movie Pork Chop Hill (1959), because Milestone's All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) had made a deep impression on him.

In 1999 he publicly berated Congress for failing to pass legislation preventing teenagers from buying guns, following the Columbine high school massacre.

His election as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1967 was widely seen as heralding in a new, younger, progressive and decidedly liberal era of filmmaking in Hollywood.

While filming The Bravados (1958), he decided to become a cowboy in real life, so he purchased a vast working

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XVI

Anuradha ...

From page II

It was her baby sister who had been too young to make the journey. She dropped on her knees, tears spilling from her eyes.

“Aarti, you’re still alive!”

“I was waiting for you, you promised me you would come back.” She said in hindi, her voice barely audible.

The old woman handed her a piece of old, worn paper and on it was written in a childish scribble, “I will return.”

“I’m so sorry.” Anuradha cried. She now understood, the deep yearning to return, that the rebirth of Armani’s soul was to fulfill her promise to her baby sister.

Now Aarti felt she could die in peace, her waiting was over, for her sister had returned to sing to her songs she had sang, such a long time ago.

Anuradha put on her gungurus as the village celebrated the return of one of its children. Tonight she would dance for Lord Shiva, for her new family, for Mother India, the divine Kathak dance of the Gods. (Researched by Maureen Rampertab)

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

2014 World Book ...

From page III that refers to an umbrella of legal protections above and beyond traditional copyright.

It is also sometimes called "pseudocopyright" or "metacopyright." The most often cited example is "legal protection for technical measures" from the 1996 WIPO Internet treaties. Paracopyright provisions in these treaties are not about the term or scope of copyright, but instead are about providing legal protections for the technologies that may be used by copyright holders.

Paracopyright affords legal protection to technologies that claim to be used to protect copyrights, but that are ineffective in doing so. For example, a technical measure cannot stop a technically sophisticated person who decides to infringe copyright. To use the "digital locks" analogy, there is no need to "pick the lock" as the keys necessary to decode the content are already embedded within authorised access technology. The locked content as well as the technology containing the key is commercially available to an infringer. As long as one person decodes a technical measure, the decoded content can be made available to others in the same way as if the technical measure never existed.

The effects of these technical measures are to impose specific contractual license agreements on those conforming to copyright law. The concept of paracopyright is possibly better understood as a part of contract law and not copyright law. It is notable however that those important regulations regarding consumer protection and the "freedom to contract" are not directly included in paracopyright laws, potentially creating imbalances in the law and harmful unintended consequences in the forms of open-ended legal issues.

It is an interesting fact that physical property can sometimes contain elements of intellectual property as in the case where a piece of machinery is based on a patent, a book may have material which has been previously copyrighted or a website may have copyrighted pictures.

Intellectual property laws often define what a person can do or not with the intangible or with a copy of the tangible.

We are living in exciting times at the cutting edge of law and technology. More than ever before, the creation and dissemination of information is swift and easy and may take a variety of formats. For publishers traditional functions, processes and infrastructure technologies are fast becoming obsolete along with traditional copyright law. The Gutenberg system which was used by publishers for more than five hundred years is hardly relevant today. The Gutenberg press system mechanized copying and made copyright necessary, digitization has moved us far beyond ink and paper and created a complex web of issues which deal with international and municipal law, economics, public policy and the public interest, all of which are inevitably connected to the issue of enforcement of the laws.

The traditional methods of publishing comprises multinational conglomerates with many layers of management, producing several imprints, time sensitive physical inventories, and processes that takes months and sometimes years before a book gets published. In today’s world anyone, anywhere can be a published writer and anyone can be a publisher and it happens instantaneously. This occurrence has radically decentralised the marketplace and we have seen the results of this. In the United States major book stores have gone out of business or are severely challenged to remain competitive, that is to keep the interest of the general consumer. Borden bookstore chain filed for bankruptcy and went out of business a few years ago, because of competition from the Amazon conglomerate, which provides e-books at a far cheaper price and affords immediate access to them through a variety of means including several versions of its e-reader tablet called the Amazon Kindle, all the while retaining robust trade in hard copy books which can be shipped to your door by express in several countries world -wide. Barnes and Noble has remained competitive by providing similar services and a Nook series of tablet e-readers along with hard copy books. The smartphone and tablet innovations have added to options through which people can access information.

This has caused some very specific challenges to arise both for general consumers and the legal systems.

Data found on a computer can be subject to attack anywhere in the world, forcing courts into an interesting analysis of conflicts of laws, particularly considering the variation remaining after the ratification of The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. (To be continued) Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@yahoo.com

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

GREGORY PECK From page XV

ranch near Santa Barbara, California - already stocked with 600 head of prize cattle.

He was a close friend and ardent supporter of President Lyndon Johnson, spending much time at the White House and the Johnson Ranch.

Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". Volume 7, 2003-2005, pages 417420. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2007.

He regularly visited Humphrey Bogart while filming Designing Woman (1957) with Bogart's wife Lauren Bacall. Peck was reportedly devastated by the star's death in January 1957.

Was the second choice to play Prof. Henry Jones Sr. in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), had first choice Sean Connery declined the role. Star Harrison Ford cited Peck as one of his favorite actors and To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) as one of his favorite films.

He was a close friend of former French President Jacques Chirac.

He visited Michael Jackson on the set of filming the "Smooth Criminal" segment for Moonwalker (1988).

Also visiting the set was Robert De Niro and Bruce

Willis.

Was kept out of military service during WWII due to a back injury.

In February 1955 Peck was set to star in The Proud Ones (1956), but the role was eventually played by Robert Ryan.

Was offered but declined the role of Det. Steve McGarrett in Hawaii Five-O (1968).

Grandfather of actor Ethan Peck.

His picture appears on a nondenominated USA commemorative postage stamp in the Legends of Hollywood series, issued 28 April 2011.

Peck is shown as the character Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962). Price on day of issue was 44¢.

First day of issue ceremonies were held at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

According to director Lewis Milestone, Pork Chop Hill was cut by nearly twenty minutes because the wife of star Gregory Peck felt that her husband made his first entrance too late into the picture. True or not, the film does show signs of post-production tampering, with flashes of several excised scenes showing up under the main title credits.

Was a lifelong Democrat and generously donated time and money to many causes.

The name "Gregory Peck" is used as the Cockney Rhyming Slang for neck (as used traditionally by the inhabitants of East London), so the expression "Get it down your Gregory" means "Drink this!".

Is one of 8 actors who have received an Oscar nomination for their performance as a priest. The others, in chronological order, are: Spencer Tracy for San Francisco (1936) and Boys Town (1938); Charles Bickford for The Song of Bernadette (1943); Bing Crosby for Going My Way (1944) and The Bells of St. Mary's (1945); Barry Fitzgerald for Going My Way (1944); Karl Malden for On the Waterfront (1954); Jason Miller for The Exorcist (1973); and Philip Seymour Hoffman for Doubt (2008). Tracy, Crosby and Fitzgerald all won Oscars for their performances.

Orson Welles had once hoped to make a film of the DC Comics hero Batman with Peck in the lead role but the project never came to fruition.

Mark Waid and Alex Ross based the design of the older Bruce Wayne/Batman on Peck for Their seminal 1996 graphic novel ''Kingdom Come''. Frank Miller also based the design of young Bruce in his iconic story ''Batman: Year One''.

Travelling in Alabama making campaign appearances for Democratic U.S. Senate Candidate Donald W. Stewart, who was running in a special election to complete the term of U.S. Senator James B. Allen, who had died in office. Stewart won the seat. [October 1978] Became friends with Audrey Hepburn after working with her in Roman Holiday (1953). Peck successfully persuaded Paramount executives to give her top billing rather than "Introducing" credit, because he strongly believed the film would make her a star. Indeed, Hepburn would win the Academy Award for Best Actress at the 1954 Oscars and they both remained close until her death in 1993. That same year, Peck presented her son Sean H. Ferrer with the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in recognition for her work with UNICEF. Owned a race horse called Owen Sedge which he saw come 7th in the 1963 Grand National. He then flew back to the States to attended the Oscar ceremony and won Best Actor Award for To Kill a Mocking Bird.

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Periodontal (gum) disease more likely to occur in smokers

Many years ago I could have been considered to be a “chain smoker.”

I smoked between forty and fifty cigarettes every day. Then on June 10, 1980 I decided to quit and since that day a cigarette never touched my lips. There are currently about 270,000 citizens in Guyana who smoke. Statistics show about one quarter of all dental patients use

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

tobacco. It is scientifically recognised that smoking is among the nation’s leading preventable health problem and is responsible for one in every six deaths. It is common knowledge there is a link between smoking, lung cancer and heart disease. Smoking also contributes to cancer of the kidney, cervix, pancreas, bladder and stomach.

From the standpoint of oral health, smoking (cigarette, pipe and cigar) is linked to cancer of the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and larynx. Chronic use of smokeless tobacco has been directly linked to cancer of the larynx, mouth, throat and eosophagus. Chronic smokeless tobacco users are 50 more times more likely to develop oral cancer than nonusers, and the risks are greatest in intraoral locations where the tobacco is usually stored. Oral cancer is usually treated with a combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. If it is not diagnosed early, oral cancer may require extensive, disfiguring surgery; or worse, it may be fatal.

The overall five-year survival rate for oral cancer patients is about 50 percent, with only 23 percent of those with regional lymph node involvement surviving.

Leukoplakia is a soft-tissue lesion that is characterised by a white patch or plaque.

It is usually a localized condition that is related to irritation from a badly fitting denture, broken teeth, or tobacco. High- risk sites include the floor of the mouth and the underside of the tongue. Although leukoplakia is not extensively seen in tobacco users, it is definitely associated with both smoking and smokless tobacco use. The tobacco/leukoplakia association is related to the frequency, amount, and duration of the tobacco use. It has been reported that 2 to 6 percent of leuoplakia will become malignant. Further, the lesions

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Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

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XX The youngest pope was 11 years old Did you know you share your birthday with at least 9 other million people in the world Soldiers disease is a term for morphine addiction. The Civil War produced over 400,000 morphine addicts The longest chapter in the Bible is Psalm 119, which is 176 verses During the First World War, cigarettes were handed out to soldiers along with their rations The longest freshwater shoreline in the world is located in the state of Michigan There are bananas called "Red banana" that are maroon to dark purple when ripe Franklin Pierce was the first U.S. President to have a Christmas tree in the White House The USA bought Alaska from Russia for 2 cents an acre Walt Disney had originally suggested using the name Mortimer Mouse instead of Mickey Mouse The length of brink of the Canadian "Horseshoe" Falls located in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada is 2,600 feet The smile is the most frequently used facial expression. A smile can use anywhere from a pair of 5 to 53 facial muscles

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

The right lung of a human is larger than the left one. This is because of the space and placement of the heart Native Americans used pumpkin seeds for medicine The pound key (#) on the keyboard is called an octothorpe The chemical name for caffeine is 1,3,7-trimethylzantihine Corals take a long time to grow. Some corals only grow one centimetre in one year Walmart-mart sells more apparel a year than all the other competing department stores combined Canada has more inland waters and lakes than any other country in the world Ramses II, a pharaoh of Egypt died in 1225 B.C. At the time of his death, he had fathered 96 sons and 60 daughters The word "lethologica" describes the state of not being able to remember the word you want Since its introduction in February 1935, more than two hundred million Monopoly board games have been sold worldwide Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression than men in the United States The smallest man ever was Gul Mohammed (1957-1997) of India, who measured 1 foot, 10 inches

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

SEIGHFRED GEORGE who waged a successful KNIGHTS - A man struggle against poverty

By Telesha Ramnarine MEET 63-year old Seighfred George Knights who could not complete his education back in the days, but was determined to make his life a success by learning whatever trade he could to support himself.

He was born in Georgetown but grew up in Essequibo with his parents and three siblings. The family was very poor as his father provided for them by doing small community jobs. He was known as a ‘shovel digger’ back then, cleaning drains and the like. his mother was a midwife.

And so the parents couldn’t afford to send all the children to school However, Knights was fortunate though to attend the St. Lawrence Anglican School. It was a primary school and the only one he managed to attend.

SEIGHFRED GEORGE KNIGHTS Considering the very limited options available back then, Knights said growing up, he wanted to become an office assistant, for some reason also known as a ‘messenger.’ But he never managed to secure this job.

In the 1970s, though, he decided to join the Guyana Youth Core and participated for two years. “It was like an army in Burnham time. It trained me in agriculture, how to build and set up a house and so. I decided to go because this was what was available at the time and I felt I can learn something,” Knights related.

But on finishing, Knights said he still had nowhere to go in terms of work and so he resorted to shoe making, and then to security work. He started a security job sometime in his 30s and has continued with this to this day. “I like my job. If you don’t have education, you have to turn on something.”

Knights, a father of two, said life has not always been easy for him, especially in terms of family relationships. After he concluded he has “no luck with women,” he resorted to being alone, with no one to cause him any stress.

He pointed out, though, that hard work has at least helped him to acquire three houses in his life so far. With his own hands, he built one at Mahaica, La Penitence and North East La Penitence.

Over the years, Knights worked with many different firms. “But I don’t work for long. I work for a short time while looking for a better paying security job. It has to do with the security firm you choose

to work with. So you have to be smart about it,” he explained.

Security work, according to him, has its good side and its bad side. On the bad side, he said if something goes missing, the police would come for him. Furthermore, his life is also at risk in many cases.

Knights continues to enjoy every day of his life. “I don’t want to fight up behind anything or anyone. It’s time now for me to cool out and live my life until the master is ready for me.”

Knights loves to play music and look at television.

“That is my fun when I knock off work,” he said.

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Bartica

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I

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

- An intriguing settlement of pristine valleys and jolly people

By Alex Wayne

t was the smoothest and most mesmerising boat ride I have ever experienced and the scenery was certainly breathtaking, as lush green foliage and dense vegetation flew by on both sides of the river.

I was headed to the exciting tourism highpoint,‘Bartica’ and I was certainly anticipating the beckoning thrills my visit promised. You see folks I have a few associates in Bartica and they have never ceased to brag of its beauty and serene ambience.

Bartica is on the left bank of the Essequibo River in Region 7 (Cuyuni-Mazaruni) at the confluence of the Cuyuni and Mazaruni Rivers with the Essequibo River in Guyana.

Considered the "Gateway to the Interior" Bartica has a population of about 15,000 and is the launching point for people who work in the interior, particularly miners.

Bartica was developed from an Anglican missionary settlement established in 1842, and the word ‘Bartica’ comes from an Amerindian word meaning 'red earth', which is abundant in the area.

Spotted by the British in 1887, it is one of Guyana’s older villages established in 1902.

Currently the population is growing, and Bartica, owes its prosperity to the rich gold and diamond wealth of the Essequibo. Miners from the area use Bartica as their first stop coming out of the interior and a last stop before going in, because of this, miners often spend the majority of their earnings either buying their supplies in village or simply on their first day out either drinking or partying. Much like a miniature Georgetown almost anything can be bought in this one-square mile location.

Enjoy a boat ride up the mighty Essequibo River and be fascinated by the historical sites along the way. Embrace nature at its very best. Disembark the boat at Bartica’s stelling to begin your journey of First Avenue. Once on this retailing hub allow your tour guide (if you have one) to explain the history of this settlement. On First Avenue see the retailing centre of Bartica. Visit stores and the famous Bartica Mall where you can shop or just browse the various business centres. After leaving the mall take a short walk to the market where you can purchase fresh vegetables and fruits. Relax in tranquil pleasure at Cool Square before returning to the not so distant Baganara Resort or your other choice of accommodation.

EDUCATION Bartica has two secondary schools-Bartica Secondary and Three-Mile Secondary and three primary schools, St. Anthony's Primary and St. John-the-Baptist and Two-Mile Primary.

There are several other primary schools in the surrounding riverine communities.

HEALTH The Region 7 hospital is located in Bartica and is known for having implemented the country’s first Health Information System in 2005, developed by Peace Corps volunteers Geoffrey Thompson and Jason Knueppel.

TOURISM FEATURES Bartica can be reached from Parika, Essequibo and Linden. The Denham Suspension Bridge, also known as the Garraway Stream Bridge, links Bartica to Mahdia.

North of Bartica lie the ruins of the Dutch fort Kyk-OverAl, former government seat for the County of Essequibo.

Bartica is also close to Marshall Falls.

There are several hotels in the town including the Platinum Inn, The New Modern Hotel, Balkarran's Guest House (D factor to D interior), and Zen's Plaza. There is also a thriving nightclub located in the Modern Hotel building.

Several Brazilians live in Bartica, so one can find Brazilian restaurants and bars. There are several restaurants as well as local fast food joints including Sunset Boulevard, which is a perfect place to meet and have a bite while getting information from locals. There are also several resorts around the Bartica area including Baganara, Shanklands, Whitewater and a Guesthouse in Byderabo.

During the Easter weekend every year, Bartica hosts the Bartica Regatta, with a growing variety of entertaining holiday activities including water sports (featuring mostly speed boats), cricket, boxing, soccer, talent shows, a street parade, and a Miss Bartica Regatta Pageant. The Regatta attracts people from all parts of Guyana, and even from other countries. There is also a summer Regatta, which is held annually in August.

Ivor Mendonca, a former Guyanese and West Indian cricketer was born in Bartica. Dianne Ferreira-James international FIFA referee is also from Bartica, her father was one of the twelve people killed during the February 17, 2008 Bartica massacre.

OUR ARRIVAL On our arrival at the Bartica Stelling was met with enthusiastic smiles from sturdy young men ready to run our bags to waiting vehicles for a small fee and by noisy taxi drivers all bustling to be the first to solicit passengers.

Everyone was open and friendly and was ready to chat as we made enquiries. Drivers gave a detailed description of Bartica while fruit and vegetable vendors mouthed much needed information, even as they tried to net valuable sales from visitors.

As we trudged through First Avenue and other locations, I was somewhat awed by the somewhat simple festive ambience more mirrored with the pleasant smiles and salutations of the friendly people. Bartica is certainly the location that the curious at Diane Ferreira-James, a heart would desire to visit Guyanese sports icon origifrom time to time. nated from Bartica BARTICA OF YESTERYEAR The Preamble to an 1887 ordinance in British Guiana stated that it had become necessary for the “establishment and regulation of a town” at the confluence of the Essequibo,

Mazaruni (Massaruni) and Cuyuni rivers.

The point, known as Bartica Grove, was chosen for the new town. In 1829 the Church Missionary Society established the area to conduct missionary work, and it was known for its quiet environment surrounded by palms and mango groves.

The name was later shortened to Bartica, which is said to mean “red earth” in one of the Amerindian languages, as the community developed into a town.

It was the discovery of gold in the interior that focused imperial eyes on Bartica Grove to establish a central location to register, monitor and manage the influx of labourers entering and leaving the region’s gold lands.

The area was soon divided into rectangular grid lots, and its avenues given the simple names of First, Second, Third etc., despite being mostly unoccupied and surrounded by sheer jungle then. However, two or three hostels were soon providing room and board and a market was added, though few marketing activities flourished and it mainly thrived with rum shops at the time.

A hospital and new police station were also added later.

As the land nearest the river was relatively low, a drainage trench was soon dug and a koker installed.

Further inland however, the lands become hilly, and in modern times people often resort to taking taxis to travel up and down its distant hilly slopes.

Bartica Grove was one of the earliest Anglican missionary settlements in British Guiana where the land was originally obtained from Sir Benjamin D’Urban. The mission was moved from its original site – a mile westward – to the present Bartica site in 1837 which was obtained from the Crown.

A church dedicated to St. John the Baptist had been built after a visit from the Bishop of Barbados in 1836, which was consecrated by the Bishop of Guiana in 1843.

During the mid-19th century, a monument was erected on the avenue leading to the church, in memory of a Reverend Pierce and his family who all died on the rapids of the Essequibo when the area served a small church and

Please turn to page XXIV

The ‘D Factor Guest Ho accommodation

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

XXIII Speedboats are the most effective mode of transport to Bartica

Boat racing is a hot point on the entertainment calendar at the annual Bartica Regatta festivities

The speed boats are always ready for action at the waterfront

Easter festivities in Bartica

Boarding the speedboat to leave Bartica

ouse’ is quite a popular hotspot in Bartice

Barticians and visitors converge to witness the proceedings at the 2014 Bartica Regatta

Persons travel as far as Georgetown to sell their craft items at the Bartica Regatta

Bartica

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Amerindian community. There were also plans to construct a railway from Bartica to Potaro. That however, never materialised.

Bartica has been given the title “Gateway to the Interior” though it is often bypassed by gold companies’ which transport their workers by air. However, smaller categories of miners still establish bases at Bartica today.

There is also another memorial today called the “Monument of Hope” in memory of the Feb 17, 2008 Bartica massacre that left twelve persons dead and four wounded. A plaque located in the compound of the Bartica Police Station was also unveiled in honour of the policemen killed in that attack.

Today Bartica has seen the arrival of a large influx of business oriented individuals and in no time the settlement has taken on a modern aura which place for commercial, social and infrastructural development.

It’s beauty certainly leaves one dumbstruck, especially when walking up the majestic hills, or descending on its mystic valleys.

Bartica has developed from an Anglican Missionary Settlement in 1842 to the busy town it is today. Easter Activities begin as early as three weeks to Four weeks ahead of Easter Sunday. Dominoes Football, Circle Tennis & Road Races are just some of the activities leading up to the Grand Easter Sunday Regatta Events.

HISTORY OF THE BARTICA REGATTA The annual Bartica Regatta is indeed a mega activity anticipated by Barticians, and visitors from around Guyana and even the wider Diaspora. But even as this event is rich in its entertainment and leisure time opportunities, I am sure that readers are quite curious of its origin.

In July 1947, a yacht that had crossed the Atlantic passed through Bartica with a fast run about powered by a 22 horsepower onboard engine. The owner of the yacht enjoyed speeding across the magnificent Essequibo River and soon the public was hooked.

A challenger in the person of Charles Guthrie, Manager of the Bartica Electrical Works at the said time, possessed an Aluminium Utility Boar also powered by a 22 horsepower onboard Engine. This historical race between the two on the Essequibo needless to say attracted almost the entire surrounding population. The Trans- Atlantic yacht man who sailed forty odd miles up the Essequibo River to Bartica created double history by being the first and probably only overseas yacht man to have displayed such adventurous river navigation skills in Guyana, and it was he who provided the inspiration for the Bartica Regatta as we know it today.

The event has since grown and matured into an Annual Calendar Event which attracts both regional and international visitors. It is an exciting and colourful and most of all thrilling adventure for the entire family.

It is truly a one of a kind and an amazing event, the main attraction of course is the exciting speed boat racing. You will of course gasp in awe at the amazing skills of these river “Athletes.” Apart from the racing, at this event, the Bartica Regatta Pageant is also held, which showcases a bevy of beauties from all over Bartica. Enjoy tantalising food, drinks and of course colourful kite flying. It’s truly a “Don’t Miss” Event.

FOOTBALL RETURNS TO BARTICA REGATTA Football rivalry returned as part of this year’s Bartica Regatta, according to Elizabeth Moonsammy, secretary of the Bartica Easter Regatta Committee.

The Bartica Easter Regatta Committee and DC Promotions have collaborated to once again stage the Regatta, which has received corporate support from phone company, Digicel.

Moonsammy said on recently that football made a welcome return to the list of activities planned with some of the best ball weavers set to be in action.

There is a new Interim Management Committee (IMC) for the Bartica Football Association they are working hand in hand with them, along with companies like Digicel to bring back football to the community of Bartica,” Moonsammy said.

Initially, the organisers were contemplating staging a street football competition, but later agreed to host an 11-a-side tournament, featuring eight leading teams.

Four top teams from Bartica, which are Beacon, Wolves

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

From centre pages

United, Mill Ballers and Rising Stars along with Sunburst Camptown, Victoria Kings and Den Amstel, in addition to the Venezuela team San Martin competed during the Regatta Festivities.

ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD There are four reputable hotels in Bartica. Zen’s, and Castillo’s are both central and pricey. Castillo’s has a lively bar at night but tends to be noisy. Zen’s is off the High Street and so is quieter. Hotel Modern is cheap, central and clean, although very noisy. However with the transcending of time several smaller hotels have been popping up around Bartica as persons begin to tap in on the lucrative business of hotel accommodation.

All three are close to the main stelling. Hi-Lo Hotel is situated at the far end of the main street (about a 10-minute walk to the main stelling) but it does have a landing opposite if you can persuade the boatman to drop you straight there. It is very clean, quiet and reasonably priced.

Bartica is a large town and so has shops selling everything! Beware though - Barticians take a siesta so everything closes in the afternoon and opens late into the night.

This youngster basks in the glory of the fresh wind blowing in from the Essequibo River

MASSACRE Bartica was always a very busy settlement where everyone bustled about and enjoyed a life of prosperity and great splendor. However a few years ago their jolly existence was abruptly tilted ‘haywire’ when a local armed gang invaded their privacy.

On February 17, 2008 Bartica was allegedly attacked by Rondell Rawlins' heavily armed gang. Twelve people, including three policemen, were shot dead as the gang terrorised the town. The Bartica Police Station was overrun by the gunmen during the rampage and several business places robbed during the hour-long mayhem. The gang and attack is believed to have been linked to the Lusignan Massacre three weeks earlier. The perpetrators were killed on August 28, 2008 at one of their hideouts near the Guyanese capital Georgetown in a shootout with the police.

INTERACTING WITH RESIDENTS What is quite evident from my interactions with several residents is that life is ‘quite nice’ in Bartica and residents do what they can to make an honest living.

Barticians ‘just love to party’ and would spend great sums to satisfy their entertainment whims and fantasies. Clubs and other hot spots would open almost every night for relaxation purposes or to allow residents to engage in their customary ‘revelling night life.’ With the arrival of so many Brazilians to this location the level of entertainment activity has heightened greatly over the years, according to residents.

They noted also that the employment status of residents is good, since everyone is employed in one job or another. From pushing carts, to teaching, shop keeping or selling, Barticians have found a way to exist if not comfortably in some cases, at least at a level that could be tolerated.

Many seek their fortunes in the hinterland areas where the pursue gains for gold, diamond and other precious stones, and their successful exploits are often mirrored by the festive jubilation which can last for weeks upon their return from the ‘gold bush’ as they would say.

The kindness of this elderly woman earns her a smack from a first time visitor

EVERY LOCATION HAS ITS TROUBLES If we are honest with ourselves we will agree that almost every location around the globe has its troubles and Bartica was no exception, and amongst issues discussed by some residents was the recent closure of the Gold Board Office in Bartica.

Of course they were referring to the incident which occurred just last month where the Guyana Gold Board (GGB) had called in the police to investigate gold tampering at Bartica during the purchasing process.

A release issued said in order to facilitate the investigation, the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry Please turn to page XXXI

Residents are full of smiles as they welcomed our presence in Bartica

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Periodontal (gum) disease ...

From page XVIII often heal when tobacco use is stopped.

Overwhelming scientific evidence shows periodontal (gum) disease is more likely to occur in smokers than non-smokers, and is usually more severe (often resulting in tooth loss). It is interesting to note that smokers usually have higher levels of dental plaque, but the tendency for their gums to bleed is lower. The diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease for this group may be delayed because they don’t usually have bleeding gums.

The oral effects of smoking are stains on teeth, tooth restorations, and the tongue; calculus buildup on the teeth and bad breath. Smoking dulls a person’s ability to taste and smell; irritates tissues in the mouth; and delays healing after a tooth has been extracted (including a dry socket) or after oral surgery. Several studies have shown that smoking is the greatest barrier to tissue healing after periodontal therapy, especially when soft tissue is grafted and/ or surgery is performed. Periodontal therapy is more likely to fail if the patient continues to smoke. There is a positive association between smokeless tobacco use and gingival (gum) tissue recession at the site where the tobacco is usually stored in the mouth. Smoking cessation is usually associated with a reduction in the formation of calculus.

The American Dental Association has launched an all-out effort to involve dentists in an organised intervention programme to provide tobacco-cessation services to patients.

If we in Guyana should adopt such a programme it would be especially important for Dentexes and Community Dental Therapists to be active in this programme because periodontal disease, oral cancer, and wound healing are so closely linked to cigarette smoking. Trained oral health professionals are able to offer tobacco cessation counseling with minimal interruptions in patients’ daily routines. They are the most logical health

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professionals to provide this information to patients because they already see patients on a regular basis.

Whatever the reason people give for continuing to smoke, the reality is that nicotine, a drug found in tobacco, is addictive. It is a stimulant that increases the heart rate and blood pressure, and it acts on the pleasure centres deep within the brain. It causes both physical and emotional addiction. As smokers develop a tolerance to nicotine they need more to get the same physiological/psychological effect. This makes their addiction very difficult to overcome.

The FDA has approved prescriptive agents (such as nicotine-containing gum and transdermal patches) to be used in conjunction with tobacco-cessation programs. The American Dental Association (of which this author is a member) has also created a new code for oral health professionals to use to bill insurance companies for their counselling services.

If you don’t smoke, don’t start! If you want to stop, here are some techniques listed in a recent brochure from the ADA: * Make a list of reasons you want to quit * Set a date you will quit, and then do it * Join a formal smoking-cessation support group * Exercise * Keep your mouth occupied with sugarless gum etc. * Keep your hands occupied with needlepoint, woodworking etc. * Choose a low-stress time such as your vacation to stop smoking * Stop all at once and give yourself a reward if you succeed * Don’t let setbacks discourage you – keep trying * Use all available resources (audio and video tapes, books, and self-elp materials).

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ALESSANDRO GIUSEPPE ANTONIO ANASTASIO VOLTA

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

EARLY LIFE AND WORKS Volta was born in Como, a town in present-day northern Italy (near the Swiss border) on February 18, 1745. In 1774, he became a professor of physics at the Royal School in Como. A year later, he improved and popularized the electrophorus, a device that produced static electricity. His promotion of it was so extensive that he is often credited with its invention, even though a machine operating on the same principle was described in 1762 by the Swedish experimenter Johan Wilcke.[3][4] In the years between 1776–78 Volta studied the chemistry of gases. He discovered methane after reading a paper by Benjamin Franklin of America on "flammable air", and Volta searched for it carefully in Italy. In November 1776, he found methane at Lake Maggiore,[5] and by 1778 he managed to isolate methane.[6] He devised

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta experiments such as the ignition of methane by an electric spark in a closed vessel. Volta also studied what we now call electrical capacitance, developing separate means to study

both electrical potential (V ) and charge (Q ), and discovering that for a given object, they are proportional. This may be called Please see page XXVII

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

ALESSANDRO GIUSEPPE ...

From page XXVI Volta's Law of capacitance, and it was for this work the unit of electrical potential has been named the volt.

In 1779 he became a professor of experimental physics at the University of Pavia, a chair that he occupied for almost 40 years.

In 1794, Volta married an aristocratic lady also from Como, Teresa Peregrini, with whom he raised three sons: Giovanni, Flaminio and Zanino.[7] FIRST BATTERY In announcing his discovery of his voltaic pile, Volta paid tribute to the influences of William Nicholson, Tiberius Cavallo, and Abraham Bennet.

VOLTAIC PILE The battery made by Volta is credited as the first electrochemical cell. It consists of two electrodes: one made of zinc, the other of copper.

The electrolyte is either sulfuric acid mixed with water or a form of saltwater brine.

The electrolyte exists in the form 2H+ and SO42?. The zinc, which is higher than both copper and hydrogen in the electrochemical series,

reacts with the negatively charged sulfate (SO42?). The positively charged hydrogen ions (protons) capture electrons from the copper, forming bubbles of hydrogen gas, H2. This makes the zinc rod the negative electrode and the copper rod the positive electrode.

Thus, there are two terminals, and an electric current will flow if they are connected. The chemical reactions in this voltaic cell are as follows: zinc Zn ? Zn2+ + 2e? sulfuric acid 2H+ + 2e H2 The copper does not react, but rather it functions as an electrode for the electric current.

However, this cell also has some disadvantages. It is unsafe to handle, since sulfuric acid, even if diluted, can be hazardous. Also, the power of the cell diminishes over time because the hydrogen gas is not released. Instead, it accumulates on the surface of the zinc electrode and forms a barrier between the metal and the electrolyte

solution.

Last years and retirement In honour of his work, Volta was made a count by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801.

[10] Furthermore, his image was depicted upon the Italian 10,000 lira note (no longer in circulation, since the lira has been replaced by the euro) along with a sketch of his well-known voltaic pile.

Volta retired in 1819 to his estate in Camnago,a frazione of Como, Italy, now named "Camnago Volta" in his honor. He died there on March 5, 1827.[11] Volta's remains were also buried in Camnago Volta.[12] Volta's legacy is celebrated by the Tempio Voltiano memorial located in the public gardens by the lake. There is also a museum which has been built in his honor, and it exhibits some of the original equipment that Volta used to conduct experiments.

Not far away stands the Villa Olmo, which houses the Voltian Foundation, an organization promoting scientific activities. Volta carried out his experimental studies and produced his first inventions near Como.

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XXVIII

Learning Spanish

Esta guía de estudio está dirigida a proporcionarles a los candidatos un recurso adicional para mejorar su desempeño en el aprendizaje del idioma español. La misma, de una manera clara y precisa, y apoyándose en ejercicios prácticos y otras actividades, debe server de ayuda invaluable para que los estudiantes adquieran las habilidades necesarias para el dominio de este idioma.

Además, se hará énfasis en los aspectos gramaticales que ocupan un lugar de vital importancia en este proceso.

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

También, de manera gradual se irá presentando de forma detallada, lo concerniente a la cultura,costumbres y tradiciones de los pueblos de habla hispana, lo cual facilitará una mayor comprensión del contenido.

Today we will learn to use the most suitable vocabulary when meeting someone and to introduce members of your family and others in informal situations.

Conversación 1.1 Mi familia Mateo: Hola, Arturo.¡Qué sorpresa!

Arturo: Hombre, Mateo.¡Cuánto tiempo sin verte!¿Qué tal?

Mateo: Pues, hoy, estupendo.Es viernes y no hay clase hasta el lunes.¿Y tú?

Arturo: Bueno, de verdad, regular.Es que hay problemas en la familia- mi padre no tiene trabajo y mi hermana está enferma.

Mateo: Ay, ¿sí?Lo siento mucho.Si te puedo ayudar en algo …

Arturo: No, gracias,está bien. Mira, te present a mi novia. Es de Venezuela, es venezolana.

Mateo: Encantado.¿Cómo te llamas?

Carmen: Me llamo Carmen. Encantada. Y esta es mi amiga Elvira, es venezolana también.

Mateo: Hola, Elvira, mucho gusto.

Arturo: Bueno, Mateo, nos vamos. Tenemos prisa. Vamos al cine. Ponen una película de Spielberg, es un director muy bueno.¡ Hasta pronto!

Mateo: Bueno, adios.¡ Qué todo vaya major! Adiós, chicas, Elvira, nos vemos pronto,¿sí?

Arturo: Sí, gracias. Hasta luego.

Elvira y Carmen: ¡Adiós!

Gramática/Grammar In Spanish the gender of the nouns plays an important role. It defines which article is used, and how adjectives agree.

In most cases the nouns end in –a or- o. The ending is a strong indication of the gender of a noun: - a for feminine, - o for masculine.However, there are exceptions such as la madre/ el padre,and la mano (hand), el agua (water).

For the female family members, the articles used are la/una (the/a), and las/unas for the plural.

La madre, una madre La hija, las hijas For the male family members the articles used are el/un (the/a), and los/unos for the plural.

Please see page XXIX

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Learning Spanish From page XXVIII

El padre, un padre El hijo, los hijos Introductions When introducing, people, the gender influences what we say, like in the following expressions: Este es mi padre, esta es mi madre. (or este es mi papa, esta es mi mama) The same happens with the plural form: Estos son mis abuelos, estas son mis hermanas.

An alternative way to introduce people is Te presento a …

In informal situations, common greetings are: ¡Hola! ¿Qué hay?¿Qué tal?¿Qué pasa?¿ Qué hay de Nuevo?¿Cómo estás?¿Cómo te va?

As answers range from … ¡Chévere!,¡Fenomenal!¡Excelente! Muy bien.Bien, through to …

Regular. No muy bien.¡Francamente mal¡Fatal! …gracias. ¿Y tú?

For farewells, we can say … ¡Adiós!¡Hasta luego!¡Hasta pronto¡Hasta la vista!

In informal introductions and greetings, when a person is addressed directly it indicates that the person is either known to us or of a similar age.

Ex. Te presento a …,¿Cómo estás? Etc. Did you know that …?

La familia – the family is very important in the Hispanic world and many social situations revolve around it. Even when the Hispanic society is considered as machista (dominated by the father of the family),reality has shown that nowadays women are achieving prominent roles in society,for example, their integration to social life, more independence and recognition.

1.2 Celebremos For your examination you may be be asked to write an invitation or to respond to an invitation, perhaps as a written response or as a contextual dialogue.

The following is a guideline as to how to complete the contextual dialogue.

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Responses to all the cues most be included in the completed dialogue. a) Greetings and identification. b) Thanking and accepting the invitation for himself, your mother and you, but declining for your stepbrother. c) Inquire about a possible gift. d) Ask about the baby and the mother. e) Express desire to see the baby and the mother and end the conversation.

(To be continued)

XXX

Chronicle Pepperpot May 4, 2014

Longest-separated twins find each other

By Vibeke Venema

Imagine delving into your family history and discovering you have a twin. That's what happened to Ann Hunt, a 78-year-old, who had no idea she had a sibling at all until last year. Now she and twin Elizabeth Hamel have met for the first time since they were babies - setting a new world record.

"Lizzie, Lizzie, how lovely," said Ann when she finally got to hug her sister.

"How lovely to see you in the flesh," said Elizabeth.

Last April, Elizabeth, a 78-year-old from Albany, in the US state of Oregon, was shuffling through her mail when she saw a letter from Aldershot, UK - the town where she was born. "I saw Aldershot, ooh, I did a double-take on that," says Elizabeth. "I opened it up and looked at it, and my eyes popped out my head."

"I am writing to you as I am searching for a family connection," the letter began. Elizabeth knew exactly who this

was about, and minutes later she was on the phone to the UK. On the other end of the line was Ann, her long-lost twin sister. "I was over the moon, I couldn't speak," Ann says. "I let Elizabeth speak mostly, I had to pinch myself because I realised, I've got a sibling, a sister. It's so wonderful. I'm not on my own any more. I've got no words to say. I'm so happy - I have Elizabeth."

Unlike Ann, Elizabeth knew she had a sister.

"I've been praying for you for many years," she told Ann in that first conversation. Over the years she had made some attempts to trace her but without success. It seemed an impossible task. "I thought - being adopted, she could be anywhere in the world," Elizabeth says. "It was amazing to me that she was still in Aldershot."

On 1 May 2014, a year after that first conversation and 78 years after they were separated, Ann and Elizabeth were reunited in Fullerton, near Los Angeles, on Thursday - the longest gap on record, Guinness World Records says.

They were invited to the city by Dr Nancy Segal, a psy-

Ann and Elizabeth as children. They were separated at birth, and Ann was given up for adoption chologist who has been researching twins for more than two decades. Twins who have been brought up separately Please turn to page XXXV

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From page XXIV

has accepted the decision of the GGB directors to temporarily close all operations at the Bartica sub-office.

SAD TIDINGS Despite the festive and happy mood of residents, many still remember that dreadful episode when an armed ganged attacked the location raiding premises, and businesses, and murdering the innocent in their greed for fast money and riches.

Some degree of security has returned to the location with the beefing up of security forces but some residents are of the view that crime fighting authorities should be given more vehicles in the form of additional boats, land vehicles and even helicopters.

CONCLUSION Despite a few setbacks and past gruesome experiences, Barticians have learnt to nurse their wounds and have returned to their customary festive way of life.

With its pristinely exotic valleys, beckoning green hills, and lush, almost pretty alleys Bartica does not only reek of high tourism potential, but also with the right grooming can become Guyana’s biggest tourism attraction.

If you are dying to visit that location filled with many of nature’s wonders, then Bartica is just the place for you. Why not holler at me, and let’s enjoy the boat ride and all that Bartica has to offer, together…..

Next week we bring you the mysteries of Tuschen Village, so make sure grab our Sunday Pepperpot Supplement that is ever so fulfilling. Bye folks…

These Bartica girls were quite happy to pose for our cameras

Works are ongoing as more businesses are speinging up in the ever evolving Bartica

The Bartica Police Station

Residents fetch bagged white sand to repair water logged areas quite close to their frontline businesses by the seashore

The Skyy Lounge is an entertainment facility that is targeted greatly by visitors to Bartica

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Enjoying their customary afternoon stroll

Corwyn Richards (left) and Jarrel Mc Pherson (left) were elated after their first visit to Bartica

Children having much fun during the Regatta celebrations‌

The Sunset Boulevarde owned by businessman Winston Miller is the most popular fast food out let in Bartica

Staff members at the Sunset Boulevarde were extremely kind and polite to us

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Longest-separated twins ...

From page XXX

Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel in their 70s are of great interest to scientists examining inherited or genetic influences on behaviour. Segal will be looking for similarities and differences during a two-day study, and carrying out DNA analysis to establish whether they are identical or non-identical (fraternal) twins. "What was it in their life that caused the differences? If they're fraternal, it could be character as well as circumstance," Segal says.

"We want to get a comprehensive overview of their lives, their abilities, their interests, and put it all together as an important case study, because this is really the world's longest separated pair of twins."

I'm 20 minutes older than my sister," says Elizabeth confidently. It's the kind of thing twins often say, but in this case every detail is new and exciting. Elizabeth has been looking forward to taking part in the study. For Ann, it's been about one thing only: "Just getting over there to give Liz a big hug.

I can't get there quick enough, to tell you the truth. I'm over the moon. There'll be tears and everything."

The twins were born Elizabeth Ann Lamb and Patricia Susan Lamb on 28 February 1936, in Aldershot, UK. Their unmarried mother, Alice Alexandra Patience Lamb, was in service as a domestic cook. Their father's name was Peters and he was in the army - Aldershot has had a military base since 1854 - but he never saw his daughters.

Ann Hunt grew up in Aldershot as the only child of Hector Wilson and his wife Gladys, who worked as the manageress of the Post Office canteen. The Post Office boys always looked out for Ann. She was 14, when she found out she was adopted. Her aunt told her, so she went home and asked: "Were we adopted, mum?" An odd choice of words. "You and your 'we'," her mum replied. "No, you were a chosen child. God sent you.

Your mother wasn't able to keep you, so she allowed me to look after you and to adopt you as mine - someone to love."

Ann doesn't know why she used the word "we" - she doesn't think her adoptive mother had any idea she was a twin.

"She would have told me," she says.

So could Ann have had a physical memory of her twin?

Dr Segal doesn't think so. "I think people over-romanticise that," she says. "I don't think once they are born they crave physical comfort. A mother who has lost one twin might say: 'The twin is looking for comfort.' Or people say they were unhappy and something was missing - but I think you can read too much into that."

The year Gladys died, in 2001, Ann finally went to the register office to collect a copy of her own birth certificate.

It gave her birth mother's name, Alice Lamb. Her occupation was listed as, "a Cook (domestic)". It noted her address, but not her age. There was no mention of any other children on the document either.

Ann's youngest daughter, Samantha Stacey, enjoyed investigating family trees, so Ann asked her to find out more about her birth family. It was the start of a long and frustrating process. Initially, all the information was on microfiche - "eye-killing and migraine-inducing", says Samantha. Also, not knowing Alice's age made it quite hard to know when to start looking - they assumed she had been very young when she got pregnant, but in fact she didn't have the twins until she was 33.

Samantha placed ads in the local paper, looked up electoral rolls, and searched online forums. Whenever the search came to a stop, something would start the process off again. After they found Alice's birth certificate, Ann wistfully said: "It would be nice to have a picture." And in 2010, when her husband asked her what she wanted for

Please turn to page XXXVI

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From page XXXV

Christmas, Samantha replied: "Alice's death certificate."

Finally, in 2013, there was a breakthrough. They knew that Alice had got married, at the age of 49, to a George Burton, in Chester, and had a stepson, Albert. Although Albert had also died, they eventually tracked down his son, who said: "Oh yes, Alice has a daughter in the US." That was how they found out about Elizabeth.

Ann remembers her daughter telling her: "We've found your sister but there's a bonus‌ she's your twin sister." Ann believes it was meant to be. Both sisters have lost their husbands, so this is a real comfort.

Samantha remembers being a bit apprehensive about telling her mother the news, because Ann was the only one to have been given up for adoption. But she needn't have worried. "She was overjoyed - delighted," says Samantha.

"She instantly rang my sisters. She's just very happy about it."

After speaking on the phone, Elizabeth immediately wrote a long letter to her twin to explain why she was the only one to be given up for adoption. "I had curvature of the spine, which in those days was something which made a person unadoptable," she says. "We were both going to be adopted but when mother found out about the curvature of the spine, she decided to keep me."

In 1936, for an unmarried woman in service to keep her child and her job was not easy. There was great stigma around illegitimacy at the time, says social historian Juliet Gardiner, and a woman in Alice's position would usually have been sacked or sent home to her family. "Live-in servants virtually never had children with them - it was another mouth to feed, and might distract the servant from her duties," Gardiner says. There were exceptions. "Occasionally a widow would keep her child, but that child would usually be older and go to school."

"In those days it was a very hush-hush affair," says Elizabeth. "We were both illegitimate, which was very difficult.

My mother was a servant living in a home. It was very frightening."

As a consequence, Elizabeth did not live with her mother for quite a few years. At first, an aunt looked after her. Then Alice moved to Berkhamsted to work for Captain Hallam and his wife at Cross Oak, a large house with extensive grounds and full service - butler, cook, gardener and chauffeur - on the outskirts of town.

Elizabeth was then about three or four years old, and was looked after by a woman in Berkhamsted - her mother used to come into town to visit her on her half-day off. One week, she was unable to come on her usual day because of a big dinner party, and when she did arrive - unexpectedly - she was shocked to find her daughter dressed in rags.

She was so upset," says Elizabeth. "She told me: 'I'd made you beautiful dresses and smocked them by hand.'" She immediately took Elizabeth away from there, back to the Hallam's house, where they lived in the servant's quarters. This was during World War II, and Cross Oak was already host to a number of evacuees and even German POWs, who worked on the land. Elizabeth remembers running away from school quite often and having to be taken back by the chauffeur.

"Maybe I liked to drive in the car? I don't know."

Later they moved to London with other employers. Alice earned ÂŁ2 a week plus board, until, relatively late in life, she got married and moved to Chester. Elizabeth was then 15, and it was around this time that she remembers her mother telling her she had a twin. She even saw Ann's adoption papers, although they were lost after her mother died in 1980. "I wish I'd asked more questions now, but all I knew was that I didn't have a father," says Elizabeth. Her cousins, meanwhile, told her very different stories. "One is that grandad, when he found out she was pregnant with twins, said: 'Don't darken my door,' but the other is that he said: 'Go fetch Alice, go and get those twins, get them back.'" But by the time the message reached Alice it was too late. Elizabeth doesn't know which version to believe.

In the ground-breaking Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which began in 1979 and followed twins who had been separated at birth, illegitimate birth was the most common reason (44.5%) for twins to be separated. This aspect of their story therefore is not unusual, but it is quite rare for one twin to stay with the birth parent when the other is given up. In her book, Born Together - Reared Apart, Segal analyses the findings of the 20-year study, which looked at every aspect of separated twins' lives - not just things one might expect to inherit, such as intelligence or physical attributes, but also attitudes, religiosity, life choices - even taste.

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ARIES - Better tidy up and make sure everything at your place is exactly where you want it and how you want it. By the end of today -- and it’s going to be a busy one -- you’ll have some company you weren’t expecting. Don’t even bother trying to guess who it might be. That would take all the fun out of it. Instead, just enjoy it. Oh, and don’t feel like you can’t surprise someone yourself. You might call first, though, just to be polite.

TAURUS - It’s time to make up, mend fences and break bread. Whatever you want to call it, be sure you do it. This minor dispute has been going on for long enough, hasn’t it? Now it’s time to do the adult thing and put it to rest. The heavens are in the perfect frame of mind to help you out, and your place would definitely be the best venue for the event. Ready? Now grab that phone and start dialing.

GEMINI - Still not ready to quit shopping? Still patrolling the malls, local specialty stores and boutiques in search of just the right price on the perfect accessory? Well, fine, if it makes you happy. But you ought to consider that you’ll probably want to have a couple of bucks left over to pick up something nice for your sweetie. Bring the spree that wouldn’t die to a close now. While you still have some available credit.

CANCER - Your emotions are just pouring out of you -- yes, even more than usual. You’re not feeling sniffly or sentimental, though. You’re adamant about everything you feel. You may be surprising a few people as a result -- especially those who know you well, and really haven’t seen you act like this before. Too bad. It’s good to keep ‘em on their toes, and time to let the world know what you’re really made of. Vent at will.

LEO - When you least expect it, the urge to share a secret fantasy will come along, just about knocking you out of your chair. What are you going to do about it? Well, if you’re smart, you’ll find an appropriate person to whisper it to -- hopefully, someone who can either help you make it happen or provide some similar ideas along those lines. Remember that once it’s out, you’ll feel obligated to do something about it. Ready?

VIRGO - You’ve been extremely hedonistic lately -- at least by your hardworking standards. This morning, however, you woke up and realised that you needed to run some errands. You’re in a frenzy to get things done, and you won’t rest until you do. If you had plans for this afternoon, don’t cancel.

Just move them to tonight. You’ll need the rest after your whirlwind cleaning, straightening and organising extravaganza.

LIBRA - Don’t let them get to you. Sure, that’s easier said than done, especially when the person you’re up against knows exactly how to push your buttons with maximum efficiency. Still, if you give in and get nasty, you’ll be letting them win -- and although your sign has a reputation for being fair, that doesn’t mean you like to lose. Do what comes best -- and easiest -- to you. Kill ‘em with kindness.

SCORPIO - Anyone who messes with you obviously doesn’t know you well, because if they did, they’d have some respect for your ability to hold onto a grudge, get even and at the very least, intimidate someone to the point where they’re looking over their shoulder for months. So if someone refuses to back off even after you’ve sent out some extremely obvious warning signs -- well, let’s just say that they can’t be the sharpest crayon in the box, and they deserve what they get. Still, consider the source before you go full out.

SAGITTARIUS - You’ve been spending quite a bit of time with a certain person lately. Your friends are snickering and making comments about wedding bells, and you’re starting to wonder yourself if it might not be time to settle down and put an end to the ‘party of one’ you’ve been holding all these years. Well, think about it. Wouldn’t it be nice to climb that mountain, cross that bridge or see that sunset with a partner?

CAPRICORN - You’re not quite sure what’s going on between you and a dear one, but it has been difficult, and you’re not happy about it. This doesn’t mean it’s over, just entering one of those ‘challenging phases’ that either makes or breaks a relationship. Decide which path you’d like to follow, have a sit-down and discuss. You can probably work this out if you want to.

AQUARIUS - Telling you not to let your mouth get away from you just won’t work now. You’ve already started saying exactly what’s on your mind, and you’re not ready to quit yet -- especially since it actually feels so darned good to finally let it all out. Well, fine. Just don’t say anything too excessively harsh. You can dress someone down without actually wounding them, right?

Practice in front of a mirror if you have to.

PISCES - You’ve got one more day of doing absolutely nothing but enjoying the company of a divine, delectable dear one -- and you’re planning to make the very most of it. The heavens are fully willing to cooperate, and even aid your cause. All you have to do is provide the companion, the ambience and maybe some provisions so you two don’t have to leave the building if you don’t want to. Dash out to the grocery store and the video store for what you need, then unplug the phones.

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Hydroponics made easy

By Clifford Stanley WHAT IS HYDROPONICS? The word “Hydroponic” is derived from the Greek words – “Hydro” which means water and “Ponos” which means labour. In translation therefore, the term hydroponic means “water work.”

True hydroponics is growing plants in water without any type of media and initially this concept involved growing plants directly in water.

However, although this method is still common, the concept has been broadened to include any method of growing plants without using soil.

The soilless media or substrate (the material in which the root system of the plant will develop) includes sand, rice hulls (paddy shells), grounded clay bricks, coconut fibre dust, charcoal dust, saw dust, grounded volcanic stones and water.

The minerals that the plant needs are dissolved into the water which is then watered directly to the plants.

So instead of the plants searching throughout the soil for their minerals they draw them directly from the water that they are being fed.

Hydroponics is an established branch of agronomy which has given higher crop yields and which can be utilised to provide a regular supply of fresh vegetables even in areas where traditional gardening is not possible and which has proven to be highly profitable as a commercial venture.

Some crops which can be grown using hydroponics include lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, carrots, potatoes, peppers and cabbage.

Is a lot of space necessary?

No! The home-based hydroponic vegetable production system allows persons to grow lots of plants in small spaces around the house and on patios & balconies, in window boxes etc.! So this system can be maximally utilised by families living in crowded city areas with small or no yard space. The size of the garden will be dependent on space available. It can be as small as two square metres if necessary.

Some objectives of Hydroponics

Some important objectives of hydroponics, particularly in Guyana are: to improve the family’s nutrition and healthy eating without increasing cost and increase family savings through decreasing expenditures on food; to promote an early interest in children for healthy eating and productive activities; to increase the family’s income through members selling their surplus production; to create income generating opportunities for persons who cannot access employment; to provide elderly persons or persons who are challenged physically or mentally, with the possibility of feeling useful and valuable to their family, the community and themselves; to create micro-enterprises using low-cost inputs and very little time and to reduce the impact of floods and heavy rain

(Part I of 2 parts)

Planting In Containers There are many types of containers that can be used or built to start a hydroponic garden. These include old tyres, plastic washing tubs, children’s bath tub, discarded plastic bowls, broken plastic containers, plastic oil or soda bottles with the tops cut off and plastic plant pots. The black plastic bags used in plant nurseries may also be used as containers.

Although the most suitable containers are made out of plastic, brick, concrete or wooden containers can also be used, but must be lined with black plastic or waterproof material.

Locating the Hydroponic Garden Once you have decided to set up your hydroponic garden, selecting its location is the first step to be taken.

Some basic recommendations to consider in choosing a site for your garden are: * Avoid heavily shaded and extremely windy places.

Your small garden must receive a minimum of six hours of sunlight a day; * Keep the garden protected from farm and domestic animals, including pets, and small children or irresponsible persons who can damage the plants

on food production.

Advantages of Hydroponics Some of the advantages noted are: production can be timed more effectively to satisfy home needs or market demand; the planter can harvest all year round; natural pest control can be employed; soil borne pests (fungi) and diseases can be eliminated; troublesome weeds and stray seedlings which often result in the need for herbicides and or increased labour cost can be eliminated.

There is also reduction of health risks associated with pest management and soil care and reduced turnaround time between planting as no soil preparation is required.

* Keep the garden far from contaminated water and anything else that could contaminate the system, e.g. latrines and garbage containers; * Keep the garden far from trees and other plants that are affected by plants or diseases Next week: Substrates; Nutrients for hydroponically grown plants etc!

(Article courtesy of HOME-BASED HYDROPONICS VEGETABLE PRODUCTION MANUAL By Kelvin Craig, Franklyn Harvey, Shaun Francis, Gavin Gounga, Panday Mansaram Sigmund McKenzie, Ryan Nedd.

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