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II

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

“The Virgin Bride” She sat in a little secluded place between the mangrove trees by the river’s bank, her eyes closed with a book of poems lying open on her lap. The soft swishing sound of the water as it washed up the muddy flat was like soothing music to her mind as she relaxed in this tranquil place. She was in her own little world, lost in the sweet intimacy of the poet and words.

She opened her eyes as the sun set.It’s reddish orange glow shimmering across the water of the affluent river a scene seemed sketched by the magic of an artist’s brush. She closed her book and walked to the water’s edge, the wind tussling her long hair and her dress swirling around her ankles as she stood in the water, marvelling at this masterpiece of nature – the sunset. A flock of cranes flew low over the water to their habitat and as she watched them disappear in the far horizon, she wondered, “What lies beyond this water-way, how far does this water flow?”

The grey veil of dusk descended, and picking up her book, she left the riverside for home.

Tomorrow was the beginning of a new week, a full schedule for her as a kindergarten school teacher, evening classes at the university and social work for her church and charities.

She was a Christian girl named, Sarah, simple with gentle ways and a pleasant countenance. Her sensitive and compassionate nature brought smiles and happiness to young and old as she fashioned her life and work in God’s name. Her ideals were somewhat old fashioned, and often she would be teased by her friends, more modern girls, that she needed a little adventure in her life; but Sarah always smiled as their jests, knowing what she loved and what she wanted.

“You know that, Dear Lord, don’t you?”

She often spoke to the Lord in quiet moments, seeking guidance and answers for herself and for those whose lives she touched. The only daughter in her family, she was the apple of her father’s eyes, and in his prayers he always asked of the Lord’s blessings for his daughter so when the time was right for her betrothal, she could find love and happiness with the one her heart desired. Yet he erred in his judgement, an error that in Sarah’s eyes was a betrayal that almost cost her life.

Her father was a cricket enthusiast and a businessman who took a deep interest in the players of his home country whom he helped to sponsor and mold for the big leagues, the pulse and the heartbeat that was Caribbean cricket. He had a gift it seemed, in recognising talent and eleven years ago, he had taken a personal interest in a young, stylish batsman as he followed his exploits in the game. Vihaan, the young cricketer, soon became a name spoken of often in their home and Sarah had always listened patiently over the years, being not much of a cricket fan, more into drama and theatre. But her father’s passion for the game and the star batsman he had discovered, who became the country’s hero brought an unexpected change that disrupted the smooth flow of her life.

In March, when spring was in full bloom, Sarah celebrated her nineteenth birthday with a special dinner for family and friends at an exclusive club, compliments of her parents.

That was the night that began the fateful change in her life when her father introduced her to a special guest, one of West Indies top batsmen, Vihaan. Sarah had never seen him in person before and could now appreciate the fact he was indeed handsome and charming but he was well known for his wild, partying lifestyle.

“Surely not of my world.” she said to herself.

“Happy Birthday Sarah.” He said, handing her a small,

beautifully wrapped gift and kissing her lightly on the cheek.

“Thank you,” she said with a warm smile and a soft glow on her cheeks; happiness in her eyes for it was her night, her birthday. She was dressed in a simple sky blue gown that accentuated her slim figure, her hair falling softly over her shoulders and he looked at her with open admiration.

“You’re very beautiful,” he said. “A fresh rose in bloom.”

She smiled, thinking to herself, “A charming smile and poetic words,” trademarks of his playboy lifestyle.

Her father was honoured and happy that Vihaan was present at her birthday dinner, but the keen interest he showed in her was a bit discomforting for Sarah.

The next morning at breakfast her father asked her with a pleased look on his face, “What do you think about the special guest at your birthday?”

“He seems nice, but I’m not a cricket fan.”

“I think he likes you.”

“I’m not so sure,” she said casually and left for church, hoping that would be the end of it but it was just the beginning.

Vihaan called that evening, just as she came home from church, but she felt somewhat reluctant to talk to him.

“Just say ‘Hi’”, her mother said. “He has called three times now.”

Sarah sighed wearily and took the phone.

“Hi!” She said.

“Hey, you seem to be very busy today.”

“Yes I was.”

“I can still see that smile and the glow in your cheeks.

There’s something special about you that I like.”

“Thank you!”

“I would love to see you again.”

“I don’t think that’s a good idea.”

“Why?” “I’m just a simple, ordinary girl who lives a quiet life.”

“That’s what I like about you,” he said “Your simplicity and innocence.”

“I’m sorry,” she said in a polite tone so as not to offend him, “But I don’t want a close friendship with anyone now. I’m very occupied with church and studies.”

“I understand, but I still want to see you, to be a friend until…”

He left the sentence unfinished and she said ‘Good night!’.

She was still awake late in the night, studying when her father came home and before bidding her goodnight he asked, “Did Vihaan call?”

maureen.rampertab@gmail.com | 692-2117 “Yeah.” She said without looking up.

“I met him at the cricket club today and he asked about you.”

She looked up from her book and said with a tired little smile, “Dad, I don’t need this right now.” He said good night with an apologetic nod and she sighed exasperated, looking up at the heavens, “Lord, I seriously don’t need this now.”

But Vihaan called often to speak to her and always a family member would persuade her to take the call. He had won their hearts and no one was more proud than her father although she had told him, “Dad, I’m really not interested in a friendship with Vihaan.”

“He’s a nice guy, Sarah, with a unique talent and at the pinnacle. Give it some thought and you’ll get to like him.”

“Yeah Sarah, he’s cool!” her brothers had echoed the father.

“You’re a lucky girl.” Her mother had said, a pleased look on her face, “Vihaan is a great guy.”

“I’m standing here alone,” Sarah moaned, “I have only you, dear Lord, on my side unless you too are a cricket fan.”

Vihaan sent flowers, invited her for lunch, dinners and trips to island resorts, all of which she declined with excuses, careful not to lie. Then one day, unexpectedly, he showed up at her school with candies, disrupting the entire kindergarten as all the children ran around him, squealing in excitement.

“You can’t just show up like this,” Sarah said, not too pleased.

“I have to do something because you keep turning down all my invitations.”

“You know why, I already told you.”

“Yes you did but I can’t stop thinking of you.” He told her.

“If I could visit you often, I would but my presence attracts too much attention.”

“That’s why you should stay in your own famous circle.”

He looked at her, a determined glint in his eyes.

“I’ll win, I always do. You’ll be mine.”

“No I won’t” she said in her mind.

He gifted boxes of chocolates to her collegues and signed autographs, a win for him. He did the same thing at her church on Sundays and found a cricket fan in the new Pastor, whom she had planned to seek guidance from.

“I’m losing all around,” she sighed in dismay, “He’s winning everyone’s hearts.”

She looked up at the Heavens, “What do I do, dear Lord? I don’t want this.” (TO BE CONTINUED)

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

III

By Petamber Persaud

2014 World Storytelling Day

Representatives from Foreign Missions making their presentations

Guyana celebrated World Storytelling Day 2014 on Thursday, March 20. That event included, in elaborate fashion, innovative ways of telling a story, which were immensely appreciated by the audience. The usual form of reading a story also prevailed against the innovations. There are still some consummate storytellers in our midst, and they did not disappoint (we are losing our storytellers to the Diaspora, and we ought to celebrate and cherish those still with us).

And importantly, school children held their own against the veterans; this event was good apprenticeship for many youths. It is hoped all these features would be expanded and enhanced to the future staging of similar events.

Let’s look first at the innovations. The innovations were dramatic interpretations of myths and folklores.

The first dramatic piece, ‘Greek Myth - The Sirens' Song’ was performed by students of the Drama School, University of Guyana great choreography accompanied by an elucidating narration

by Drama Lecturer Ms. Shanesha Deonauth. And the second piece was a fourpart presentation namely ‘Ole Higue’, ‘Possessed’, ‘Mermaid’ and ‘Sitira Gal.’ ‘Ole Higue’ is usually the old hag of the village putting off her skin in order to turn into a ball of fire which facilitated her flying off to suck the blood of babies.

The story unfolds and ends with the skin being soaked in salt and pepper which brings about the exposure of the ‘ole higue’ who is then beaten, sometimes, to death. A person ‘Possessed’ by various evils spirits may

be exorcised by faith-based instruments. The ‘Mermaid’ as in the Greek Myth usually leads her male victim/s to death by drowning. ‘Sitira Gal’ is usually a promiscuous village girl who will exhibit the merchandise by dancing. However, the dramatisation of the above four pieces was done with a twist to the regular format of the tale and a moral to the story.

The dramatisation resonated with the audience of Guyanese and non-Guyanese due largely to the theme of our recent Mashramani celebrations in February– ‘Cultural Folklore Celebrating Forty-four’ – which was portrayed in an explosion of colours, costumes and movements as part of the float parade on Republic Day, February 23.

World Storytelling Day 2014 in Guyana was billed ‘An evening of international, Regional and Guyanese Stories’ under the theme: ‘Dragons and Monsters.’

The international scene was represented with stories from Russia, China, Ve n e z u e l a , B r a z i l a n d Mexico. Petr Sizov of the Russian Embassy in Guyana read two short stories: ‘A Would be Escape’ and ‘Young Fisherman Story.’

‘Chinese Story’ came from the Confucius Institute of the University of Guyana.

Other presentations came from the Mexican Embassy, the Embassy of the Federation of Brazil, and from Venezuela. The regional area was covered with a story from Jamaica performed by Prof Al Creighton and Anancy Story was performed by the consummate storyteller Michael Khan in one of his roles as ‘Ole Man Papee.’ Yours truly chipped in with Balgobin

Stories from my book:‘The Balgobin Saga.’

World Storytelling Day is a manifestation of the new millennium which has its roots in several initiatives started at the end of the previous millennium. For instance, in the early 1990s, Sweden organised an event labelled: ‘All Storytellers Day’ falling on March 20. In the late 1990s, storytellers in Perth, Australia, coordinated a five-week long celebration of story, commemorating March 20 as the International Day of Oral Narrators. Nearer to home (Guyana), it was discovered that Mexico and other South American countries were already celebrating March 20 as the National Day of Storytellers.

The first concerted and official effort by Guyana to celebrate World Storytelling Day was in 2011. That first commemoration was an initiative of the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport and it was an honour and a pleasure for me to have coordinated and chaired that first World Storytelling Day in Guyana. That event was held on March 16 in the Conference Room of the National Library.

World Storytelling Day was another way to explore world literature. That event also set the climate for the greater appreciation and enjoyment of literature. And it ought to encourage more scholarship in this area as it offered the opportunity to compare our literature against that offered by the region and the wider world.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@ yahoo.com

What’s happening: • The 2013-2014 issue of The Guyana Annual magazine is now going into production. This issue is dedicated to A. J. Seymour and will focus on the increased interest in photography, the expanding arenas for cultural activities, what’s happening in the Diaspora (Guy-Aspora) and will continue its role championing the cause of locally based emerging writers and of Guyanese writers in general, offering space and encouragement for their work.

• World Book & Copyright Day will be commemorated by the National Library on April 23.

• It is here: ‘Anthology of Contemporary Guyanese Verse: Volume 1’ published by The Caribbean Press, compiled by Petamber Persaud with an introduction by Dr. Lynne Macedo, University of Warwick. The work of twenty-one writers is captured in this 164-page book.

• Standby to restart THE JOURNEY, an evening of literature.

IV

The Asylum Journal INTRODUCTION (Abridged) by Letizia Gramaglia

L

DR. ROBERT GRIEVE (1839-1906) An “Apostle of Science”

ong forgotten in the folds of history, Dr Robert Grieve enjoyed in his lifetime a justified reputation as one of the most progressive and insightful figures in the medical profession of British Guiana. A talented physician and keen public health reformer, Grieve was born in 1839 in Lilliesleaf, a secluded village in the Scottish Borders, and graduated in medicine from Glasgow. As a young doctor he served in military expeditions across Europe and China, and in 1875 he followed his medical vocation to British Guiana to take charge Letizia Gramaglia of the Public Lunatic Asylum at Berbice, the only mental institution in the colony. The refuge, isolated on the periphery of Guyanese society, echoed the medical periphery in which Grieve suddenly found himself, distant to the activity and research of Europe and America. But peripheries can also be frontiers, and the Asylum became the site of his pioneering work into the treatment of mental illness. As the Medical Superintendent of the institution, Grieve implemented a new humanitarian regime, a radical departure from the practices of his predecessors, which involved decorated wards, amusements, adequate nutrition, and most vitally, a policy of non-restraint and an emphasis on the recuperative power of productive labour.

Five years of the Asylum’s history, a period of unprecedented health, recovery and development, were chronicled in meticulous detail in Grieve’s Asylum Journal. This unique document contains a comprehensive record of all the statistics associated with the running of the Asylum, along with the doctor’s own research into the sanitary conditions, diseases and sociology of the colony.

The erudition, morals and humour of Dr Grieve emerge strongly from his writing, showing him to be a man of considerably generous and tolerant character in the capitalist, imperial British Guiana of the day. There is no doubt that the phenomenon of the Berbice Asylum, preserved in unusually precise form by the Journal, is a testament to the success of

Grieve’s treatment strategies and an indication of this man’s remarkable legacy.

The Public Lunatic Asylum in British Guiana before 1875 In the decades preceding Grieve’s arrival in British Guiana public provisions for the mentally ill had been extremely poor.

Though improvements had unquestionably been made since 1850, the general and particularly the hygienic conditions of the new Asylum still failed to meet acceptable standards and were harshly condemned in the Digest of 1864. As a consequence, by Ordinance No. 4 of 1867 the facility was once again relocated; a new permanent site was established “on the fort lands outside the town of New Amsterdam”, adjacent to the Berbice Hospital,and the Asylum was placed under the government of a Board of Directors. A resident surgeon was assigned to the institution and, given the absence of a salaried government inspector on site, the surgeon was responsible for submitting a full report tothe Governor every six months.

Although still common to most of the Asylums under British colonial administration, the use of coercive measures in the care of the insane had been widely rejected in England and Europe for quite some time; following a more scientific approach to mental illness, chains and shackles had been largely abandoned in favour of a more ‘humanitarian’ treatment of the patients. Grieve’s greatest achievement was the establishment of a similar trend in British Guiana through the successful introduction and application of humanitarian treatment at the Lunatic Asylum in Berbice; he freed his patients from all forms of mechanical restraint, introduced a plentiful and regular diet for the inmates, and employed them in a system of light and regulated labour.

Having attained overall control of the institution, Grieve begun at once to implement his programme of reform. He rigorously banned physical restraints and firmly instructed the members of his staff to treat the inmates with kindness and compassion.13 Numerous architectural renovations were zealously planned and executed to remove the vestiges of the old prison style Asylum; the wards were redecorated, the walls were painted with lively colours and adorned with mirrors, pictures, statuary, and flowers.

A new clean and beautiful setting was thus created with the aim of encouraging the inmates to respect the orderliness that surrounded them and to behave accordingly. Another milestone of Grieve’s reformist programme was the implementation of occupational therapy; as the doctor argued, idle patients would spend all day sleeping, eating and quarrelling, and this was the main cause of the “howling, yelling, and horrid clamour of all kinds which deformed the day and made the night hideous in “mad houses” of the

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014 olden times.”Regular employment was therefore created for the inmates both through farming and through the establishment on site of dedicated workshops placed under the supervision of several experienced attendants.

An agreeable result of this system was the generation of a substantial revenue, used by Grieve to cover a great part of the expenses of the institution and to procure “many little luxuries and amusements” for the inmates. By the end of 1876 Grieve’s successful management had visibly increased people’s trust in the institution. Attempts to escape, which were almost daily occurrences at the beginning of the year, had become very seldom. Over the same period, there was an increase of 27 in the number of admissions, a fact which Grieve was confident to ascribe not to a rise in the level of insanity in the colony but to a more widely extended knowledge of the Asylum and of its methods of treatment. In his report for 1876 the doctor wrote with manifest satisfaction: “It may be of interest, as showing how easily and safely in some instances restraint or seclusion may be dispensed with, to state that before the 25th of September 1875, on an average there were 9 men and 2 women, confined all day in single rooms, or cells as they were more appropriately named. Some individuals had been so locked up night and day for years, and the same patients were after that date allowed to mix

Please see page V

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

The Asylum Journal From page IV

in the general wards without causing either injury or annoyance. The great change was that the work of supervision by the attendants became real instead of nominal.” The extraordinary transformation enacted by Grieve received commendations both in the official correspondence and in the local press. Governor Longden lauded the doctor’s achievements in his Annual Report for the year 1876: No appointment could possibly have proved a greater blessing to the unhappy patients in the Asylum, or given more satisfaction to the Government, and to many of the public who take a great interest in the Asylum.

The Asylum Journal The primary source for the investigation of Grieve’s work in Berbice remains The Asylum Journal, printed at the institution between 1881 and 1885. Grieve’s distaste for intellectual inertia, which he often condemned as one of the highest faults of colonial life in the tropics, and the urge to overcome the isolation compelled by the geographical remoteness of the Asylum, prompted the zealous doctor to devise new means of intercourse with the external world.

Knowing no limits to his determination, he set up a small Printing Office at the Asylum and, in February 1881, he launched the publication of The Asylum Journal, a monthly pamphlet aimed at increasing public interest in the institution and adding to the knowledge of local medicine.

His numerous papers, mainly on medical and sanitary subjects, are always characterised by a clear and pleasurable style, intended to attract the interest both of the member of the medical profession and of the common reader.16 A small number of inmates were employed in the process of making and stitching the Journal, of which 120 copies were regularly printed and circulated both in the colony and abroad. Its format aspired to be professional, yet highly accessible, offering a well thought combination of scientific and practical information; each issue opens with one or more thematic articles, followed by an overview of the life of the institution and by a detailed account of the Asylum’s industrial and financial activities for the month. Grieve’s methodical and thorough recording of every single item produced in the Asylum betrays a fastidious character and testifies to the almost obsessive care with which he supervised and managed all aspects of the institution. Equal meticulousness was applied to the registration of scientific and clinical data in order to produce valid and usefulstatistics.

As a scientist, he was generally persuaded that the main causes for the development of insane neurosis in British Guiana were to be found in some physical imbalance induced either by natural causes or by human intemperance; much space is consequently afforded in the Journal to the investigation of physiological diseases and to the study of the relationship between bodily and mental deterioration.

In 1886, when Grieve was promoted to the post of Surgeon General and transferred to the capital, the publication of The Asylum Journal was suddenly interrupted. In a warm valedictory note printed in the last issue of the Journal the doctor formally takes leave from his readers and expresses his appreciation to the world and the colony for the “kind reception given to the little paper”.

The Georgetown years Having distinguished himself for his exceptional medical skills and for his proficient administration of the Lunatic Asylum, Dr. Grieve was asked, in November 1885, to take on the appointment of Acting Medical Officer to the Immigration Service and Acting Surgeon General in the place of Dr. Manget, who had taken leave of absence for three months from October 1.

At the inaugural dinner of the New Government Medical Service, held on September 1, 1886 in the ballroom of the Garrison in Georgetown, Dr. Grieve “presided, having His Excellency the Governor on his right, and the Hon. Attorney General on his left”. The new structure of the medical system, however, caused strong resentment on the part of the Immigration Agent-General, Mr Alexander, who saw Irving’s policy as an unjustified interference in the administration of immigration matters and remained overtly hostile to the new Medical Department. Tensions grew when the Medical Inspector of the colony, Dr. Alfred D. Williams, who was now in charge of the duties formerly performed by the Immigration Medical Officer and accountable to the Surgeon General, undertook a round of inspections in order to make himself acquainted with medical provisions on the estates and produced a detailed report on the sanitary state of the immigrants. Williams’ report for the year 1886, submitted in August 1887, pointed to a large number of malpractices within the immigration system and exposed the unsatisfactory conditions of the hospitals provided for the care of Indian immigrants. Estate hospitals were found to be overcrowded, badly designed, not sufficiently ventilated and generally lacking in provisions. The poor and unsanitary state of the immigrants’dwellings on the estates was also severely condemned; disrepair, defective ventilation, and contamination of water supply by excremental matter, were faults found in the majority of the cases. Williams also denounced an excessive mortality rate among the immigrants; aside from a high percentage of suicides and wife murders, he suggested that large numbers lost their lives as a result of unsanitary conditions both on board the immigrant ships and on the plantations, or in accidents attributed to unprotected machinery.

The allegations made by Dr. Williams caused much indignation on the part of the planters and led to a political crisis in the colony. The elective members of the Court of Policy, all of whom planters, denied the legitimacy and accuracy of the Medical Inspector’s report and urged the Governor to withdraw it. In response to Irving’s refusal to satisfy their request, on the 11th October 1887 the electives abstained themselves from discussions in the Court of Policy, thus producing a deadlock in the government of the colony.22 Their decision, however, proved to be a double-edged weapon; the political deadlock ensuing from the conflict between the Governor and the electives made only too evident the dangerous obsoleteness of the constitution and confirmed the necessity, supported by a majority of public opinion, for its urgent reform.23 Appeals were presented to the Colonial Office by both parties; the Secretary of State, Lord Knutsford, ultimately decided against the withdrawal of the report, but invited the Governor to make public the additional evidence that Dr. Williams had been asked to submit in support of his accusations. On November 22, 1887 the Court of Policy resumed its ordinary activity; yet, in reprisal, on December 15,1887, in the deliberation of the Estimates for 1888, the electives in the Combined Court reduced Dr. William’s salary to the ridiculous and provocative sum of one cent. Meanwhile Dr. Grieve, who had been absent on leave for several months, had made his return to the colony and had produced a second report, dated October 24th 1887, in which he reviewed the points raised by Dr. Williams and confirmed their accuracy. A copy of the report was forwarded by Grieve to the British Medical Journal, with the intent of bringing the matter to the attention of a wider and international audience, and in November 1887 Grieve, in the capacity of Surgeon General and Head of the new Medical Department, was requested by the Secretary of State to satisfy himself, as soon as possible, on the sanitary conditions of the estates. In his annual reports, Grieve repeatedly advocated the need for alterations in the system in favour of patients’ admission to the public hospitals free of charge. He regarded

V

as a tremendous injustice the fact that those able to pay were permitted, in time of sickness, to avail themselves of provisions intended for the deserving poor of the colony, who were otherwise unable to assist themselves. Predictably, the matter was repeatedly ignored by the Government and was still being debated at the time of Grieve’s retirement.

In his activity in the Legislative Assembly Grieve met often with serious opposition and he was frequently the object of bitter attacks; yet, he always faced them with quiet dignity and with the courage of his convictions: The British Guiana Branch of the British Medical Association Upon taking the appointment of Surgeon General, in 1886, Grieve was also elected President of the British Guiana Branch of the British Medical Association and he passionately committed himself to resuscitating this lethargic organ. A meeting to re-inaugurate the local branch of the Association was held on Thursday September 9, 1886 at the Colonial Hospital in Georgetown; in his opening speech Dr. Grieve stressed the importance of the revival of the branch for the progress of scientific medicine in British Guiana, and for the emergence of the local medical profession from the isolation to which they felt condemned in the colony. Confident that the sanitation of the country could only be achieved through the implementation of a joint programme of prophylaxis, education and sanitary reforms, Grieve considered of the outmost importance the establishment of a solid collaboration between the medical profession and the Legislature, and exhorted his colleagues to work together in that direction. Although fundamentally paternalistic, Grieve’s outlook reflected a strong political acumen and an essential practicality of character. Unfortunately, the circumstances of Grieve’s life were to take an unforeseen turn and in 1894 the doctor was obliged to retire having contracted syphilis whilst operating on an infected patient. At the quarterly meeting of the British Guiana Branch of the British Medical Association held on the very day of Grieve’s departure at the Public Hospital in Georgetown, the same where Grieve had contracted his illness, a pledge was made by the members to continue the medical work of the Society with the same zeal and enthusiasm that their esteemed President had infused into it, “so that it would continue to grow and to prosper as Dr. Grieve himself would have wished”. Grieve could not restrain tears when the following resolution was moved by the councillor of the British Guiana Medical Association, Dr. Wallbridge, and presented to him: That this Branch wishes to record its sincere regret at your compulsory retirement through illness acquired in the performance of your professional duties, and in wishing you good-bye on your leaving the Colony, and vacating the office of President of this Branch, desires to testify to the very high esteem in which you are held not only for your skill and ability in the practice of your profession, but also for your high scientific attainments. We are conscious that the Branch as resuscitated by you in 1886 has developed into one of the most important tropical, Colonial Branches, and that the work done at the meetings compares not unfavourably with that done at local Branch meetings in England. We feel that this success has been due to you, and earnestly hope that though you are leaving us the scientific and professional work so ably fostered by you may continue. The Branch wishes you a safe and speedy voyage, and hopes that your health will be materially benefited by the change to your native land.

Grieve left the colony on Thursday April 19, 1894. The day after, The Daily Liberal recorded with sorrow the decline in strength of a man who had sacrificed his own health in the endeavour to relieve human suffering. Biographical note and family life Dr. Robert Grieve was a remarkable exponent of an equally remarkable family. His father, Dr. James Grieve, was born in Dunbar on December 4, 1810. After qualifying in Glasgow, James worked briefly as surgeon on board a Scottish whaler and later became the assistant of Dr. Robert Weir of Galashiels. In 1836 he married Dr. Weir’s daughter, Elizabeth, and in 1839 the couple moved to Gifford, where the young doctor set up his own practice and earned a reputation as a most helpful and efficient surgeon. In 1843, as part of a schism in the Church of Scotland, most of the local congregation broke away to join the Free Church of Scotland; James Grieve was one of the few to remain loyal to the Established Church and in 1844 he was rewarded with the appointment of elder in the Church of Scotland.30 In 1850, in order to advance his professional career, the doctor permanently relocated with his family to Port Glasgow, where he took a keen interest in local public affairs. An earnest supporter of the Tory party and an ardent educationalist, he served on the Town Council in 1858 and was for some time Chairman of the School Board. On Sunday 29th October 1882, his wife Elisabeth fell whilst coming out of Newark Parish Church after the morning service; as consequence of the injuries reported in the awkward fall she passed away on November in their house at 65 Princes Street, the same where, after a long and active life, Dr. James Grieve also died on December 18, 1895 of cardiac complications caused by an abdominal tumour. James and Elisabeth’s marriage was blessed by the birth of five children, three daughters and two sons.

Robert, the eldest son, was born in Lilliesleaf on March 4, 1839. Having inherited his father’s passion for scientific investigation, he graduated in medicine in 1861 in Glasgow and took the license of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in the same year. One of his first experiences as a surgeon was as House Physician of the Fever Hospital in Greenock, where he contracted typhus in attending the sick. Having fully recovered, he later served as Assistant Surgeon in the Royal Navy and took part in actions against the Taipings near Shanghai in 1861-62. Compelled by mal-de-mer to leave the Navy, in 1862 he entered into private practice at Howden, in Yorkshire, where he formed his first connection with the British Medical Association. In 1864 Robert married Annie Maria King (1842-1909), at Sculcoates Church in Hull. Annie was the only surviving child (her older brother having drowned at sea as a boy) of the late John Bird King, a master mariner, and Ann Maxwell, whose brother Thomas Bird was the proprietor of a sugar estate in Tobago.

In 1870 Robert was attached for a time to the Orangeries Hospital, Darmstadt, a base hospital of the German Army during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), to assist and study Military Surgery under professor Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen (1833-1910) and other famous surgeons of the time; on his discharge, Robert was awarded a German War Medal for noncombatants for his outstanding services.

Between 1870 and 1875 Dr. Robert Grieve worked as Medical Superintendent of the Metropolitan Asylum Hospital at Hampstead, London, one of the largest small-pox hospitals during the epidemic of the early seventies.32 In 1871 he became the target of a spiteful attack orchestrated by three of his subordinates who had been discharged from their duties. In a letter sent to The Times, and published on August 29 the three assistant medical officers made a number of serious charges regarding the improper treatment of patients and the inadequate provision of care and food for the sick at the Hampstead Hospital. Dr. Grieve, in his capacity as medical superintendent, was indicated as being responsible for the misdemeanours and, in response to the allegations made against him, he invited an official inquest into the matters. On the 29th September 1871 a public enquiry was opened into the management of the Hampstead Hospital. After 33 days of thorough investigation, Grieve was cleared of all charges and warm gratitude was expressed to him and the nurses of the hospital for their untiring and able work.

After the small-pox hospital was closed, he chose once again to follow his profession abroad.

VI

FOLKLORE

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

Fruits of the spirit

By Neil Primus ‘Bountiful’ got its name because it was a farming community that usually hauled in large harvests. It exported rice, ground provision, coconut and fruits of all kinds. Vendors would drive miles to buy fruits from the small village.

When fruits were in season, there was often much wastage. Members of the community had no reason to purchase fruits; you just pick whatever you wanted. Nobody minded. The kids loved it when mango season arrived. The many different types of this fruit sent pickers into frenzies. Everyone knew where the sweetest mangoes were located, and tried to get there first.

Kishore and his gang were young truants. None of them was older than thirteen, but this didn’t prevent them from being very wayward. They smoked cigarettes and avoided school like a cockroach avoids a fowl pen. Now they knew better than most where the best and sweetest fruits could be located. This privileged information they kept to themselves.

Kishore was the leader. He was daring and always ready to make the first move. Malcolm was a follower. Whatever the others did he copied. Luke and Cecil were always arguing about all sorts of nonsense. This was the truant squad.

This mango season they had their eyes on a special prize Mr. Belgrave’s mangoes. It was well protected by an alert and aggressive owner. The man recently purchased the farm and was never generous enough to give anything away free.

He was busy around the farm during the day, but slept soundly at night. The squad decided

on an early night raid. Bags were gotten and the four boys waited patiently for night to fall.

They could already taste the sweet juicy fruits.

When darkness spread itself over the village, the young rascals made their move with stealth born of practice and experience. They advanced on the farm. The tree that they focused their attention on was a large one that sat at the back of the small farm. It had

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

Appellate Court overturns verdict of murder – manslaughter substituted

IN 1975, Robert Lewis was sentenced to death for the murder of Roy Henry, who died from injuries following a fight between the two men.

Lewis appealed, but because the evidence pointed to self-defence and apparent provocation, which was not relied on at the trial, the Appellate Court found that there was material on which a reasonable jury could find a verdict of manslaughter instead of murder.

Consequently, the verdict of murder was set aside and manslaughter substituted.

The Appellate Court was constituted by Chancellor J.O. F. Haynes and Justices of Appeal Guya Persaud and Victor Crane.

The appellant and the deceased had an altercation in a restaurant in the presence of three persons who were engaged in a game of skittles. At the end of the game, the appellant and the deceased resumed the quarrel, and they began to fight on the public road in the presence of the same three persons, one of whom, Randolph Camacho, saw the appellant with an 8-inch bloodstained knife in his hand at the time.

Camacho had previously seen an unknown man pass the knife to the appellant over the skittles table but said nothing about it to the police or the magistrate because he said he was not asked about it.

Blows were exchanged with fists and during the struggle the deceased was seen to hold the appellant’s neck in a “half-nelson” wrestler’s lock while the appellant cuffed away at the region of the deceased’s abdomen. Suddenly one of the blows lifted the deceased off the ground causing him to fall almost in a standing position in a nearby trench where he fell backwards into the water.

An autopsy disclosed a stab wound on the left side of the deceased’s chest.

The doctor said it could have been caused by a sharp-pointed knife or a

sharp piece of tin or broken bottle and must have entered the body with a great deal of force since it travelled inwards and upwards penetrating the left ventricle of the heart . The injury caused

The doctor’s view, that was quite ‘possible though not probable.

But the jury rejected this theory in the same way as they rejected the argument of self defence and provocation

ment nor to the examining magistrate, that he had seen an unknown man pass the accused a knife for the first time in the restaurant, and it was highly unsatisfactory for him to explain this omission by saying that no one had asked him about it.

On the issue of self-defence, it was argued that the real and substantial case raised on the evidence was never really put to the jury, and might well be said to have been withdrawn from them.

The Appellate Court held:

massive visceral haemorrhage and brought about the deceased’s death.

The accused was charged with murder. At his trial, he admitted fighting with the deceased on the evening in question, but he did not admit to having been in possession of a knife: he did complain about the “half-nelson” wrestler’s lock on the neck.

On the appellant’s behalf the defence counsel advanced the theory that the fatal injury was received by accident when the deceased fell into the trench on a piece of broken bottle. In

which the trial judge left to them and they found the appellant guilty of murder.

Self-defence and provocation were not however specifically raised by the defence: but arose on the evidence.

On appeal it was contended that the wound might have been caused by accident when the deceased slipped and fell on a heap of stones on receiving a blow from the appellant. There was also a vital omission on the part of the witness.

Camacho did not reveal to the police in his state-

(1) That if the wound was received from the fall on the ground, that would not in law support a defence of accident, since the fall was from an unlawful act of fighting on the part of the appellant.

Likewise if it was received in the trench as a result of the fall into it, that fall also was caused by the unlawful act of the appellant.

(2) That the trial judge should have given the jury a more helpful direction on the possible import of the omissions on Camacho’s credibility. Had the judge given adequate direction on the matter of the knife in the possession of the accused in the restaurant and at the scene of the struggle, a reasonable jury must have found, the appellant left home with a knife to find the deceased, or obtained one sometime after then and before the fatal incident.

(3) That even if all Camacho’s evidence about a knife was discredited, the remaining circumstantial proof that the appellant started the quarrel on the public road with a knife in his possession and stabbed the deceased with it was cogent enough.

(4) That there was some material on which a reasonable jury could find a verdict of manslaughter instead of murder, and after dealing with the issue of self-defence, the trial judge had to direct the jury that, if they rejected it, they may find manslaughter on the ground of provocation notwithstanding it was not relied on at the trial.

(5) That the directions on the law of manslaughter were

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By George Barclay

inadequate in that the jury were not told, as they ought to have been, that the onus was on the State to prove that the provocation was not sufficient; neither were they told that if they were left in any reasonable doubt as to whether the facts showed sufficient provocation, the issue must be determined in favour of the accused.

(6)Because of these misdirections the appellant lost a fair chance of acquittal of murder; so the verdict of murder must be set aside, and a verdict of manslaughter substituted, the judgment of the Court disclosed.

Mr. Jailall Kissoon represented the appellant. while Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions, Mr. George Pompey, appeared for the State.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

Reduced saliva secretion contributes to dental diseases Insufficient oral secretion is caused by a condition called xerostomia. A reduction in the amount of flow of saliva, which may occur for various reasons, causes the balance of the mouth to be upset, and contributes to dental disease. There are a number of reasons why saliva may be reduced, or why its flow varies. These include age, prescription drugs, anxiety and acute illness.

Saliva production and flow diminish with age, certain drugs used for allergies, asthma, depression, diabetes, epilepsy, high blood pressure, inflammatory conditions, infertility, nausea and Parkinson’s disease. Many people would have experienced a dry mouth associated with panic – perhaps before a dental appointment or public speaking.

Diarrhoea and vomiting can cause dehydration, resulting in a reduction in saliva production.

Infectious diseases such as mumps (inflammation of the parotid gland) have the same effect.

Dryness in the oral cavity may also be due to mouth breathing at night, or in people with a malocclusion (bad bite) or chronic sinus problems. Also, there could be calcified stones, which are stored in the salivary ducts.

When one has Sjogren’s syndrome, which is associated with autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, the lubrication of mucous membranes is drastically reduced. Patients often complain of dry eyes as well as a dry mouth. Radiotherapy (for cancer) to the head and

neck usually causes a reduction in salivary flow. This can also happen in menopausal women.

In some patients, their salivary flow never returns to normal, and they suffer greatly from the effects of a permanently dry mouth. The consequences include an increased risk for tooth decay. In the elderly, root caries can be associated with xerostomia (which can cause plaque build-up) when gingival recession is present. The root surface does not have enamel protection and is prone to demineralisation (softening).

A chronically dry mouth can lead to gingivitis, which sometimes culminates in gum disease

because a reduction in salivary flow diminishes the self-cleansing ability of the mouth when the tongue has no lubrication to help remove stagnating food debris. Additionally, fungal and yeast infections may occur due to their proliferation, leading to sore tongue (it sticks to the roof of the mouth usually at night). It is not unusual that insufficient saliva causes “mouth burning “sensation, ulceration, (particularly in radiotherapy patients) and speech difficulties.

The way to manage a dry mouth depends on its cause. For patients with chronic illness, who need to continue with their drug treatments, it may not be possible to remove the cause, so therapy is usually symptomatic. All patients should be advised to maintain excellent oral hygiene.

They should not use a toothpaste which contains the foaming agent sodium lauryl sulphate that tends to dry the mouth. Recommended toothpastes are Sensodyne Promanel or Biotene.

Other measures to combat a chronically dry mouth include: a diet high in fresh fruit and vegetables which simulates flow; chewing sugar-free gum ( containing xylitol) ; frequent sips of water or unsweetened drinks (non-alcoholic); sucking small ice chips; lubricating the mouth with non-virgin olive oil and artificial saliva available by prescription.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

Co-worker Moving In On Her Husband?

M

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Like Paparazzi

y husband and I work for the same company in different departments. Over the past few months one of his employees seems to be going out of her way to make awkward statements to me about my husband.

She mentioned seeing my husband in his college soccer uniform, and when I inquired howshe saw this, she got nervous and admittedshe Googled him. She tells me stories about my husband almost as though she thinks she is the one in a relationship with him. This woman is married with children and has always gone out of her way to “be my friend.”

A few days ago I was lucky enough to run into her outside of work with her children. She introduced me and told her children I was my husband’s wife. When I asked the oldest child if she had met my husband, she said, “No, but my mom talks about him allllll the time.”

The kid actually rolled her eyes as she said it.

It gave me goose bumps and completely creeped me out. When I mentioned it to my husband, he agreed the situation is odd, and I could tell it made him uncomfortable. My husband is a kind man, but lately I have seen

him blow her off or flat out ignore her.

Now that I think about it, every time I see her it’s something new and creepy.

I think this woman is obsessed with my husband.

My friends have encouraged me to “stand up to her and say something,” but I don’t think that would solve anything.

My husband and I have a wonderful relationship and even laughed about some of the things she has done. Am I reading too much into this?

Am I being a doormat by keeping my mouth shut?

to them. A boss will always be more in the life of an employee than the employee is in the life of the boss.

But that’s not how it looks from your side. You and your husband see her more as a faceless subordinate. Why is the waiter

Suzi Suzi, your husband loves and respects you, and the doormat syndrome doesn’t describe you.

One of the main reasons people stay in a job, a reason more important than money, is they think well of their boss, admire the boss, have a good relationship with the boss.

Your husband is a “kind man.” Why wouldn’t an employee like him? If what she is doing is no more than chatter, it may seem odd but it’s not dangerous. People talk about what is important

talking to me? Why is the maid? If you thought she was charming, or she ran in your social circle, or you shared common interests, she would seem less creepy.

You might see her as a potential friend or acquaintance. “I will invite her to the party.” Because you don’t see her that way, she creeps

you out. “I’m not interested in this person, why is she interested in us?”

Perhaps she idolises your husband, like a woman idolizing her doctor. Perhaps she is doing what the business books tell her to do. Show interest in the boss, show interest in his family, develop contacts. What is LinkedIn all about? Connect to others as a way to help yourself.

In many jobs, what you know doesn’t matter much.

People know what to do.

It’s who you interact with that makes the difference between stagnation and moving up. Connections move you up, just as cream rises to the top.

People Google everything in their orbit. It’s harmless until proven otherwise.

From what we see in your letter, this woman may be socially awkward. She may be trying to get a leg up, but not a leg over.

Until something changes, don’t be mean to her. Just be cool. Her actions aren’t sinister, just unwelcome.

Wayne & Tamara

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

Fruits of the spirit

long branches that were heavy with mangoes. They crept up to the tree climbed it and began reaping.

It was Luke and Cecil that started the chain of events. Luke said in an urgent whisper: “Somebody under the tree!”

Everyone froze. It was too dark to see clearly, so Cecil descended cautiously to see who it was. He saw the outline of a man and nimbly shot back up the tree.

“Yes is true.”

From page VI

“Wah we gon do?”Malcom asked in fear.

Kishore was peeping steady under the tree. As usual he was the boldest. He climbed down with a ready excuse in mind. When he hit the ground there was no one there.

He looked carefully around then climbed back up “He gone!”

They continued picking.

“De man come back!”

This time Cecil saw him first.Kishore descended again when he got to the bottom, the man was no longer there.

He began to feel irritated. Then Malcom threw things into confusion and fear.

“Me mother say she hear dat Mr. Belgrave buy de farm cheap because the last owner hang he self pon one a them trees.”

Dead silence.

“He did owe de bank plenty money and like it stress he out.”

“Shut up Malcolm!” Luke said harshly his voice had a note of fear to it “Is truth!” “Rest ya self na!” Kishore shouted at him.

“I could talk wat I like. Me ain’t pay license fo me mouth.”

While they were exchanging angry words to each other Cecil suddenly shouted in alarm: “Look de man down deh. He watching we.”

All eyes focused on the figure standing hand-a-kimbo staring at them.

That was a bit much for the boys. Like Cheetah in a Tarzan movie, they abandoned the tree by all means available. But it did not end there. As they fled they were hit by a volley of mango missiles. Lucky for them they were all ripe and the only damage done was the messy yellow juice on their frightened persons.

When the boys told their parents about the incident, they were strictly prohibited from returning to the haunted ground. But they needed little prompting. They decided to avoid night raids.

Their next mission would be in broad daylight. They were going for coconut on Ignar Basil’s farm.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

By Rebecca Ganesh-Ally TELESCOPES FOR KIDS Parents always try to come up with new ideas for toilet paper and paper towel rolls. Recently a fun telescope was made with removable slides! It’s actually quite easy to make.

Materials * Paper towel roll (or an old Pringles can) * Paints * Marker * Knife (adult use only) * A sheet of acetate Instructions 1. Use the cylinder as a template and trace a circle onto the sheet of acetate.

2. Add a rectangle to the top half of the circle to create the slide shape. This will work as a handle of sorts, and allow your child to pull the slides in and out of their telescope.

3. Carefully cut out the shape.

4. Paint the telescope and the scenery onto your slides.

Used regular acrylic paints for our slides and spray paint for the telescope body.

5. Using the knife, cut a slit halfway through your telescope. This is where the slides will go.

6. Insert your slide, and you're done.

Time to play and let your imaginations run wild!

USES FOR TOILET PAPER ROLLS 1. Wrap up your cords and wires and stick them in cardboard tubes to help with organisation and storage.

2. Stuff them with candy and sweets and close off the two ends to create a fun candy popper.

3. Close off one end by gluing a piece of paper to it and use the toilet paper rolls to hold makeup brushes, markers, pencils, pens, and little office supplies.

4. Cover them in peanut butter and then roll in bird seed.

Hang outside and you've got an easy and inexpensive bird feeder.

5. Wrap yarn around them to help keep it organized and untangled.

6. Use them to store paint brushes or glue sticks.

AFTER-SCHOOL SNACKS 1. Fruit Dip Mix 1 cup low-fat sour cream and 2 tablespoons each brown sugar and lime juice; sprinkle with cinnamon sugar. Thread fruit onto skewers; serve with the dip.

2. Chocolate Chow Mein Microwave 1/4 cup each peanut butter, chocolate chips and butter until melted. Put 3 cups each chowmein noodles and Chex cereal and 1/2 cup each chopped peanuts and raisins in a resealable plastic bag; add the chocolate mixture and shake to coat. Add 2 cups confectioners' sugar and shake again.

3. Nutella Egg Cream Mix 2 tablespoons room-temperature Nutella and 3/4 cup milk in a glass. Quickly stir, then pour in 1/2 cup cold seltzer.

4. Crunchy Chickpeas Cook a 15-ounce can drained chickpeas in an ovenproof skillet with 2 tablespoons olive oil and 1 teaspoon each cumin and smoked paprika, 2 minutes.

Season with salt, and then bake 20 minutes at 425 degrees F. 5. Nutty Pretzel Wands Spread peanut butter on the top few inches of pretzel rods. Roll in chopped peanuts and/or dried fruit.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

ASH, SUSH TO SIZZLE THE SILVER SCREEN TOGETHER! Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and Sushmita Sen to come together for Prahlad Kakkar’s next.

The news of former Miss World Aishwarya Rai’s comeback has been doing the rounds in the media ever since she gave birth to her daughter Aaradhya.

As per sources, she has shown interest in Prahlad Kakkad’s directorial debut, Happy Anniversary, where she will be seen starring opposite her real life husband Abhishek Bachchan.

The film to be produced by Gaurang Doshi deals with marital issues and will be largely shot in South Africa. Meanwhile, Kakkad has supposedly approached Sushmita Sen to play a significant supporting role in the same film. He met the actress a few days ago and she happened to love the part offered. Among the most noted and talked about cold wars of Bollywood was that of Sushmita and Aishwarya’s.

It dates back to 1994, when Sushmita won the Miss India

HEMA MALINI FILES NOMINATION FOR LOK SABHA ELECTIONS 2014 FROM MATHURA

crown beating the strong-favourite Aishwarya and went on to win the Miss Universe title, while Aishwarya, the first runners-up, was adjudged Miss

World. However sources close to both reveal that the rivalry is long over.

The film titled Happy Anniversary will see Aishwarya’s

character starting off as a 21year old and the story unfolds over the next eight years. The film will later also see her pregnant with twins.

VIDYA RECEIVES THE PADMA SHRI

Dimple Yadav, Hema Malini and Salman Khurshid were among the high-profile political leaders who filed their nomination papers from the Lok Sabha in Uttar Pradesh on Thursday. Dimple Yadav, wife of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav, filed her nomination papers from Kannauj, from where she is the incumbent MP. She arrived with husband to the district magistrate’s office to file her papers.

Speaking to reporters waiting outside the office, she said Kannauj has always stood by the Samajwadi Party and she hoped that the voters will send her to the Lok Sabha again.

Promising more development, if elected, she also warned the people against “false and tall promises” being made by certain political parties. Cine star Hema Malini also filed her nomination papers from Mathura as the Bharatiya Janata Party candidate. She was however handed over a notice by the election commission after her supporters raised slogans in her favour in the collector’s office, while the nomination process was on. Sloganeering in the premises is against the model code of conduct.

The actress receives the top honour

Vidya Balan received Padma Shri award from the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee in a ceremony at the Rashtrapati Bhawan yesterday. The actress was thrilled to receive the honour.

The National Award winner dedicated the honour to her family.

KARAN MEHRA WANTS TO REMEMBER HIS KISS WITH SUNNY LEONE IN RAGINI MMS 2 The Pavitra Rishta actor forgets all his pavitrata and speaks raunchily about the former adult star.

Sunny Leone has definitely upped the sex quotient in Ragini MMS 2. One of her co-stars from the film, Karan Mehra, describes his inner feelings while kissing the sexy Sunny Leone. The makers of the film have released yet another ‘Kiss and Tell with Sunny Leone’ video and this third installment seems to be pretty much pun intended.

Karan Mehra informs that it was Sunny Leone who comforted him and told him that they were actors and they were ought to do what the script demanded. Such soothing words from the sexy Sunny Leone eased Karan while doing the scene.

Karan says that he had a wonderful time shooting the kiss and the love making scene with Sunny Leone as it was his first kiss in any film and having it with the sexy Sunny Leone was like a dream come true for him. The video clearly shows Karan’s emotions while shooting the scene as at the end he informs, “I am

looking forward to seeing the film, so that I can bring the memories back and enjoy that.”

We’re sure that Sunny Leone’s arousing kiss will take everyone by storm. It’s time to move over Mallika Sherawat and the rest of the bold babes, Sunny definitely is on top of her game! We’re sure that this part of Sunny Leone’s Kiss and tell video from Ragini MMS 2 will soon go viral!

HRITHIK, NOT AAMIR OPPOSITE DEEPIKA Hrithik Roshan has replaced Aamir in a time travel drama.

A few weeks ago we had informed that Aamir Khan might star opposite Deepika Padukone in Excel Entertainment’s next film.

However things didn’t work out well between Aamir and the production house and Mr. Perfectionist opted out of the film.

According to sources Hrithik Roshan has now been signed for the film. He will be paired opposite Deepika Padukone. “The film is a sci-fi drama with a time-travel spin. It has a romantic angle which spans across timelines.” - adds the source.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

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Let’s take a look at those gorgeous Nollywood actresses who are unbelivably in their 40’s.

Nollywood has lots of gorgeous, young looking actresses who get to look younger everyday. We decided to make a countdown of our top five ever young actresses. here we go: Shan George, at the age of 43 is still young looking and fresh. The Nollyood actress and producer who is popularly known for A Second Time (2004), Blood Diamonds (2004) and Outcast (2001) is a mother of two grown young men.

Kate Henshaw at the age of 43 is obviously still young looking with a body to kill for. The Nollywood actress is popular for movies like 'When The Sun Sets', Stronger Than Pain amongst other movies and her role as one of the judges on Nigeria's got talent.

Iretiola at the age of 47 looks way younger than that.

The actress, Producer, and presenter is popular for her role as Sheila in M-Net's series Tinsel. She is married with kids

to patrick Doyle.

Bimbo Akintola Bimbo Akintola at the age of 44 still has a young look. The actress is popular for movies like Diamond Ring, Dangerous Twins amongst so many others. She is single.

Ayo Adesanya The beautiful actress who is divorced from her huisband Hassan is in her 40's. she is popular for her role in movies like most wanted'. She fits into any role assigned to her.

They are gorgeous, in their 40's with bodies to kill for. We sure want to know their secrests.

Richest Nollywood Actors Named

Nollywood has grown over time and so have the actors and actresses in the film industry. Below is the list of the richest actors and actresses in Nollywood.

Richest Actors 10. John Okafor; a comedian, Mr. Okafor is one of the best enjoyed actors in Nigeria. Known for roles as a stupid character, Mr. Okafor is the tenth richest actor in Nigeria.

9. Nonso Diobi; with his pretty face, Nonso is ninth richest actor in Nigeria. With more than 60 movies to his name, Nondo is known for acting as lover boy, royal characters or a bad boy.

8. Mike Ezuruonye; who is one of the most talented actors in Nollywood is the eighth richest Nigerian actor.

7. Desmond Elliot; most recognized for his handsome face and with more than 200 movies to his name, Elliot is the seventh richest Nigerian actor who makes his money from endorsements and adverts apart from acting.

6. Ramsey Nouah; one of the young Nollywood veterans, Ramsey who is usually a lover boy is known for his roles as the heart breaker of most girls and he actually turned into one for his fans.

5. Osita Iheme; most known for his role in movie Aki na Ukwa, Osita who acted as Pawpaw is the fifth richest Nigerian Actor. In 2007 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the African Movie Academy Awards.

4. Chinedu Ikedieze; following closely behind Pawpaw is Aki or Chinedu Ikedieze. He usually appears together with Osita in their comic movies where they are usually cast as mischievous children.

3. Nkem Owoh; this perhaps is the richest comedian in Nigeria and the third richest actor in Nollywood. If you are looking for a comedy to crack your ribs, look for Nkem in the movie credits and you will get worth your while.

2. Jim Iyke; with three Teenage Choice Awards, the Best Actor in Nigerian Entertainment Award and African Achievement Awards and many more to his name, Jim is the second richest actor in Nollywood who has made his money from acting, endorsements and his businesses.

5. Osita Iheme; most known for his role in movie Aki na Ukwa, Osita who acted as Pawpaw is the fifth richest Nigerian Actor. In 2007 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the African Movie Academy Awards.

4. Chinedu Ikedieze; following closely behind Pawpaw is Aki or Chinedu Ikedieze. He usually appears together with Osita in their comic movies where they are usually cast as mischievous children.

3. Nkem Owoh; this perhaps is the richest comedian in Nigeria and the third richest actor in Nollywood. If you are looking for a comedy to crack your ribs, look for Nkem in the movie credits and you will get worth your while.

2. Jim Iyke; with three Teenage Choice Awards, the Best Actor in Nigerian Entertainment Award and African Achievement Awards and many more to his name, Jim is the second richest actor in Nollywood who has made his money from acting, endorsements and his businesses.

1. Richard Mofe Damijo RMD; is not only an actor but also a politician. In 2000, he joined politics and is was appointed the Commissioner for Culture and Tourism in Delta State, Nigeria.

‘I Will Do Anything To Get To The Top, Even Act Nude’ - Nollywood Actress Reveals Upcoming Nollywood actress, Princess Eze has revealed that she will act naked as long as it is passing across the message which it’s intended for.

Princess who has featured in movies like Pregnant Hawker, Private Parts, Daddy Goes to School and BB Anointing said she would do anything to make to the top in the movie industry.

She said: “Nollywood is a place where one has to use what she has to get what she wants.

“Yes, there is sexual harassment in the industry and that is one of the reasons some actresses have not been able to gain any measure of prominence because they cannot play the game by those rules.

“For me, I am ready to play the game by the rules even if that means acting nude.”

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

GOODBYE WINDOWS XP ….Hello Windows 9 Windows XP is an operating system introduced in 2001 from Microsoft's Windows family of operating systems.

The "XP" in Windows XP stands for eXPerience.

What is Windows XP end of support?

Microsoft has provided support for Windows XP for the past 12 years. As a result, after April 8, 2014, technical assistance for Windows XP will no longer be available, including automatic updates that help protect your PC. Microsoft will also stop providing Microsoft Security Essentials for download on Windows XP on this date.

If you continue to use Windows XP after support ends, your computer will still work but it might become more vul-

If you're one of the many Windows XP users out there, the big question is: what happens when support stops? There are plenty of articles warning of an incoming hacker storm, as cyber-criminals run riot through unpatched security holes in Windows XP; but how true is this scenario?

Going stronger…till to the end With less than a week to go until Microsoft officially ends support for Windows XP, the number of users sticking with the aging OS is still significant. The latest numbers show Windows XP is going strong, powering 27.69 percent of all worldwide PC usage during the month of March.

Big Boys Pay… The UK Government has signed a deal with Microsoft to provide Windows XP support and security updates across the whole UK public sector for 12 months after commercial

to have proper security software installed on your computer.

This will help negate the impact of no longer having security updates coming from Microsoft. You need to choose carefully, though, as your existing security might not be good enough.

Although Microsoft has said that Security Essentials, its free security package, will continue to get XP updates until July 2015, you shouldn't rely on it, as it always comes near the bottom in our AV tests. Instead, you need to install decent security software to protect against threats.

How long will windows XP be secure for?

Unless there's a massive vulnerability that security software can't protect against, Windows XP should still have a long life in front of it. As long as security software, drivers and other applications have Windows XP updates for them, the operating system can continue to be used securely and reliably. At some point you'll find that new hardware and software won't support the OS, and updates stop coming, but until that day, you don't need to upgrade.

How do I stay protected?

To stay protected after support ends, you have two options:

nerable to security risks and viruses. Also, as more software and hardware manufacturers continue to optimize for more recent versions of Windows, you can expect to encounter greater numbers of apps and devices that do not work with Windows XP. What does it mean if my version of Windows is no longer supported?

An unsupported version of Windows will no longer receive software updates from Windows Update. These include security updates that can help protect your PC from harmful viruses, spyware, and other malicious software, which can steal your personal information. Windows Update also installs the latest software updates to improve the reliability of Windows—new drivers for your hardware and more.

Upgrade your current PC Very few older computers will be able to run Windows 8.1, which is the latest version of Windows. I recommend that you download and run the Windows Upgrade Assistant to check if your PC meets the system requirements for Windows 8.1, and then follow the steps in the tutorial to upgrade if your PC is able. support for the operating system ends on 8 April 2014.

The agreement is worth a whopping £5.548 million, and covers 'critical' and 'important' security updates for Windows XP, as well as Office 2003 and Exchange 2003, which also go out of support next Tuesday.

Microsoft isn't the only company ditching XP Not only can Microsoft wash its hands of Windows XP support, but so can all the companies that made software for XP. Assuming those companies stopped actively developing for the OS years ago, they are likely still supporting the applications that run on it. After Windows XP’s end-of-life on April 8, 2014, they'll have no reason to continue. The implications of this reality run far and wide. Line-of-business software is surely affected, as are any of the random applications you are using.

You'll still be able to install old security updates, but no new patches will be released This sounds bad, but before you get too worried about Microsoft no longer providing patches, it's important to understand the other threats to your computer.

Install anti-virus To stop flaws in Windows XP being exploited, you need

Get a new PC If your current PC can't run Windows 8.1, it might be time to consider shopping for a new one.

How do I move all my Windows XP stuff to a new PC? You can move your Windows XP stuff with Lap-link, a free data migration solution that will walk you through all the steps in getting your files, settings, and user profiles from your Windows XP PC to your new Windows laptop, desktop, or tablet. (Note that you will need your Windows XP PC to migrate your data, and you can only migrate to a PC running Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 8.1.).

While nearly 30 percent of the world's online computer users are still using XP, Microsoft is looking to the future. On Tuesday, the software maker is kicking off its BUILD 2014 developer conference where the talk is expected to be focused on Windows Phone, cloud services, and a new, desktop-friendly update for Windows 8.1.

So, the time has come for us to bid good bye to a long friend and welcome the new (strange looking) 8.1 and the most anticipated

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NEILS HEINRIK DAVID BOHR

- Founder of revolutionary theory of atomic structure Born on October 7, 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark, Niels Bohr went on to become an accomplished physicist who came up with a revolutionary

theory on atomic structure and radiation emission. He won the 1922 Nobel Prize in physics for his ideas and years later, after working

on the Manhattan Project in the United States, called for responsible and peaceful applications of atomic energy across the world.

Atomic structure

Early Life

Niels Bohr was born to Ellen Adler, who was part of a successful Jewish banking clan, and father Christian Bohr, a celebrated physiology academic.

The young Bohr eventually attended Copenhagen University, where he received his master's and doctorate in physics by 1911. During the fall of the same year, Bohr travelled to Cambridge, England where he was able to follow the Cavendish Laboratory work of scientist J.J. Thomson.

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Neils Bohr

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NEILS HEINRIK DAVID BOHR ...

From page XV

In 1912, Bohr married Margrethe Norlund. The couple would have six children; four survived to adulthood and one, Aage, would become a well-known physicist as well.

Bohr’s own research led him to theorise in a series of articles that atoms give off electromagnetic radiation as a result of electrons jumping to different orbit levels, departing from a previously held model espoused by Ernest Rutherford. Though Bohr's discovery would eventually be tweaked by other scientists, his ideas formed the basis of future atomic research.

After teaching at Manchester’s Victoria University, Bohr settled again at Copenhagen University in

1916 with a professorship position. Then, in 1920, he founded the university’s Institute of Theoretical Physics, which he would run indefinitely.

Wins Nobel Prize Bohr received the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on atomic structures, and he would continue to come up with revolutionary theories. He worked with Werner Heisenberg and other scientists on a new quantum mechanics principle connected to Bohr's concept of complementarity, which was initially presented at an Italian conference in 1927. The concept asserted that physical properties on an atomic level would be viewed differently depending on experimental parameters, hence explaining why light could be seen as both a particle and wave. Bohr would also come to apply this idea philosophically as well, with the belief that evolving concepts of physics deeply affected human perspectives. Another physicist by the name of Albert Einstein didn’t fully see eye to eye with all of Bohr's assertions, and their talks became renowned in scientific communities.

Bohr went on to work with the group of scientists who were at the forefront of research on nuclear fission during the late 1930s, to which he contributed the liquid droplet theory. Outside of his pioneering ideas, Bohr was known for his wit and warmth, and his humanitarian ethics would inform his later work.

Fleeing Europe With Adolf Hitler's rise in power, Bohr was able to offer German Jewish physicists refuge at his institute in Copenhagen, which in turn led to travels to the United States for many years Once Denmark became occupied by Nazi forces, the Bohr family escaped to Sweden, with Bohr and Aage eventually making their way to the U.S. as well. Bohr then worked with the Manhattan Project in Nevada, where the first atom bomb was being created. Because he had concerns about how the bomb could be used, he called for future international arms control and active communication about the weapon between nations—an idea met with resistance by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Atoms for Peace After the end of the war, Bohr returned to Europe and continued to call for peaceful applications of atomic energy. In his "Open Letter to the United Nations," dated June 9, 1950, Bohr envisioned an "open world" mode of existence between countries that abandoned isolationism for true cultural exchange.

In 1954, he helped to establish CERN, a Europe-based particle physics research facility, and put together the Atoms for Peace Conference of 1955. In 1957, Bohr received the Atoms for Peace Award for his trailblazing theories and efforts to use atomic energy responsibly.

Bohr was a prolific writer with more than 100 publications to his name. After having a stroke, he died on November 18, 1962, in Copenhagen. Bohr’s son, Aage, shared with two others the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on motion in atomic nuclei.

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KIRK ANDREW JARDINE - Determined to turn his dreams into reality

By Telesha Ramnarine

KIRK ANDREW JARDINE well known as Chow Pow, has big dreams. He believes that the opportunities to turn these dreams into reality are very much around, and hence is determined to work hard at achieving them.

Jardine, 48, has plans to produce local reality shows, and he wants to be a permanent fixture on radio and television in Guyana. He also wants to play a greater role in producing major national cultural shows, and even working with children in the school system.

“I have lots of ideas to share,” he told the Chronicle in a recent interview, “and we have so much to offer. We just need to be invited on board. Whoever is there…we are calling on you. Open the doors and let us in.”

Jardine, who grew up in South Ruimveldt Gardens, describes himself as someone who will go over the edge to ensure that his audiences are well entertained. He does drama and standup comedy, produces events, and even hosts shows and other entertainment events.

After attending Sacred Heart Primary and Christ Church Secondary schools, he had some training in accounting, marketing and events management, and in care-giving to drug abusers.

HOOKED ON DRUGS All has not been well for Chow Pow, though. Out of cu-

riosity, he dabbled with drugs as a child and became hooked on it for many years.

“I got hooked on drugs in the 1980s, so I went haywire for a very long time. I started getting high at age 11 and didn’t stop until age 32. I had 21 years of drug abuse to the highest stage. I was someone walking down the road very dirty and smelly,” he explained.

But fortunate for him, he was afforded some time at the Salvation Army Drug Rehabilitation Centre. This helped him a lot. He then started to work at Banks DIH and then became a taxi driver.

Jardine believes that addiction is a disease and not

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Kirk Andrew ‘Chow Pow’ Jardine

Unity

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- A pleasant village characterised by a simple lifestyle

I

By Alex Wayne

always longed to visit a village which has little, if not any, ups and downs, and of course with an ambience that bespeaks pleasant tidings.

Well, I was thinking that finding such a village was a totally impossible feat, so it was with heavy heart that I set out recently for the village of Unity on the East Coast of Demerara.

When I arrived, I was in no way ready for the pleasant surprises that greeted me, since I soon found out that this village was inhabited by the most jovial, cheery, pleasant, and contented people ever. To top things off, they left me totally amazed with tales of their humble beginnings and their simple means of existence.

Unity is a rural community located on the East Coast of Demerara, and is notable for being the birthplace of both Shivnarine Chanderpaul, former captain of the West Indies Cricket Team; Dr Bharrat Jagdeo, former President of Guyana; and Colin Croft, another talented cricketer. Guyanese cricketers the Arjune brothers also come from this community.

This village has a population of about 2,000 and is located at the mouth of the Mahaica River, about 20 miles east of Georgetown. Lancaster Village, immediately to the south, has a much smaller population. Fishing and farming are the main industries in the area, with the Mahaica River providing water for farming. The Mahaica Hospital, which includes Guyana’s only leprosy institution, is also close to the village.

In 2012, Shivnarine Chanderpaul rehabilitated the Unity cricket ground. The pitch was re-laid, outfield mowed and leveled, and the pavilion was rebuilt. The pavilion was named the Chetram Singh Stand in honour of the former Guyana Cricket Board president.

opportunities for youths.

CHATTING WITH RESIDENTS Twenty-one-year-old Johnny Persaud gave me a warm welcome and even got up to gave me his seat as he engaged me in conversation. The young man was particularly concerned about what he described as the inability of qualified youths to find meaningful employment in the village.

“I am very glad yuh come bass, because we get ah employment crisis in the village, especially with youths who just come out of school and trying to find a proper job close by. I have a few subjects and I have been sending out applications, but there is really nothing to do around here, and not everybody would be interested in farming and fishing.

“I want to be able to utilise my qualifications, but I can’t do so here in the village, since there is no scope for much meaningful employment,” he said.

Johnny and a group of young men were particularly concerned about the garbage build-up in many areas of the village. He explained that villagers and outsiders would dump garbage practically anywhere, especially on the sea dam, instead of burning it, like the minority would do.

According to the young men, the authorities responsible for cleaning up the village have been doing a haphazard job, and this was reflected in the many irrigation trenches that were overgrown with weeds and other vegetation, and were littered with garbage.

According to two housewives, some careless residents have developed the habit of burning garbage around the base

MY ARRIVAL I arrived in the village when the sun was just beginning to heat up, and was greeted by smiling residents, some sitting by the road side while others were basking under the glory of fresh Atlantic breeze, as they enjoyed fresh fruits picked from their own back yards.

While there was a welcoming quietness to the village, this was interrupted occasionally by the bubbly chatter of housewives and young girls as they readied the midday meal for their spouses and male relatives, who were out fishing or tending to cash crops on their farms.

What amazed me was the dreamy arrangement of very impressive houses, while a fusion of yesteryear cottages gave the village a sedate and alluring appearance. Along the fences of many houses were beautiful arrays of tropical flowers in dashing shades, in some instances lending a quite stylish hue to small pathways and homely alleyways. This was certainly a little hidden jewel waiting to be discovered. I just loved it the moment I landed there.

Wondering what this impressive village was like before I asked an elderly man called ‘Cross’, and he related that the village was always quaint and nice, with its cluster of houses; but that there were no well-managed roads or waterways like today.

Today there are signs of economic development there, and a few businesses have sprung up in the likes of Dev Auto Sales, A.R.L Machinery, and Double ‘A’ Auto Spares and Gift Shop. There is also a health centre, and the Phantom’s Liquor Restaurant and Bar offers entertainment for villagers.

That aside, the K & K Service Station is the haven for open air weekend parties and family entertainment for villagers.

This facility has an ice-cream parlour, fast food outlet, and the other amenities that come with ‘family entertainment’. There is also the Unity/Lancaster Sports Club that offers leisure time

The Unity/Lancaster Health Centre boys in the village, who she said would smoke marijuana and harass very young females.

“Sir, dis is a very nice and quiet village, but I get wan problem dat I want fuh talk bout, and dat is them young bais wha deh bout de village smoking ganga and troubling dem lil fifteen-year-old gyal when dem passing. Some ah dem really getting brave and pulling at dem gyal, and when yuh try fuh talk to dem, deh ready fuh cuss yuh out. I think de police should do something about dem,” she lamented.

THE GARBAGE WAR CONTINUES It appears as though the ‘garbage clashes’ happen mostly in the squatting area of the village, and vegetable vendor Terry Ramlall was more than ready to explain why: “Sir, let me tell you something: I living in the squatting areas, and the garbage problem there would never done, because some people are just too nasty and lazy. Some of them living there would throw the garbage in front of the houses of their neighbours, and this would normally create big problems.

“Very often there are cuss outs because, instead of burning the garbage, some people maliciously throw it wherever they

School Teacher Lorese Seaforth keeps things tight and well organised at the Gibson Primary School. of some GPL power poles, not realising or not caring that this practice can weaken and damage the poles.

One gentleman said they even placed signs at the sea dam to deter persons from dumping garbage there, but this has not made any impact on the culprits. They said that even some businesses in the area would dump large heaps of refuse there as well.

The garbage problem seems to be sorely affecting persons who reside along Cremation Road, the Sea Dam and the Low Land areas. Another concern of some villagers is that, during high tides, there is flooding in the village, since the water comes over the structure placed there to keep it out.

SEETA RAMLALL’S CONCERNS Seeta Ramlall is a cheery young lady who is bubbly with star-filled eyes. While she is very shy of cameras, she nevertheless voiced her concern about the harassment of young

Pensioner, Seenauth Deen Pargas laments unfair treatment to his person by the GPL and GWI entities seem pleased. I does normally run into problems with plenty people because of this practice. But nat me; dem know me mouth ain’t gat covah, suh I does let dem have it de moment dem step out ah line”.

According to Terry the build-up of garbage in this area leaves a pungent scent in some areas of the village, which

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The state of some trenches and canals in Unity Village

makes some residents’ lives definitely uncomfortable.

A contented soul despite constraints Alfred Balkaran is a 38-year-old fisherman who seems movingly contented despite the constraints encountered in his profession.

While he has been a fisherman for the past 21 years, he said, the seasonal availability of fish in the ocean can often bring grave setbacks for those depending on the trade for survival.

“Me ah do dis wuk fuh 21 years now, and dis ah all me know since me ah wan young bai. Yuh see me nah guh far in school, suh me had tuh settle fuh de only ready employment in de village. Dis wuk hard bad, and is nah every day ah Christmas. Sometimes we barely ah catch fish, and some day me would come home wid $500 or $1,000, which could hardly cook wan meal fuh de family.

“But wha me guh duh? Meh gat fuh accept life as it is.

At least me ah manage fuh survive and eat every day,” he disclosed.

The seemingly humble fisherman informed that he has two daughters (10 and 7 years old) whom he would leave in his mother’s care when he is at sea.

Balkaran, a single-parent, divulged that the mother of his daughters is a selfish character who has no time with him or the girls. He literally begged to let it be known that he is desperately searching for a caring and loving woman. The man was so serious in his bidding that he even provided his phone number --- 664-8477.

‘Auntie Bootie’ is loved by everyone A radiant beam of light brightens up the village on a daily basis, and even I was taken aback and marvelled at its intensity. Folks, I am talking of the endearing, mirthful and jolly soul of Dhanandei Ramrattan, aka ‘Auntie Bootie’, who is loved by villagers young and old.

I was instantly endeared of her the moment I bumped into her selling confectionery, egg balls, polouri and lemonade outside the Gibson Primary School,. When I told her my business in the village, she girlishly insisted that I sit down and sample some of her delicious polouri.

She begged me for a lengthy period to put my money back in my pocket, and only accepted it when I sweetly hugged her and informed that I am aware of her struggles to make a living.

Villagers swarmed her makeshift stall from far and near to savour her items, and her channa was the best I had ever tasted. The school children hugged her and flocked her like she was an angel, and many of them succeeded in getting ‘freebees’, much to their childish delight.

Grown men and women were all smiles when they gathered at her stall, and I marvelled at the warmth and pure love she exuded.

The sixty-six-year-old woman has been selling in the village for the past forty-seven years to make a living. Her ailing husband is a pensioner and has trouble with his vision.

However, he ensures she gets up at 01:30 hours every day to prepare her items for sale, which she said is most times

gruelling. She sells to put food on the table and to pay her husband’s medical bills.

On a daily basis, at about 05:00 hours, she bathes and prepares her husband’s breakfast, before heading out to the school compound at 07:00 hours.

However, she is appealing for someone to build her a proper structure in which she could sell, since strong gusts of wind would blow apart some sections of a crazy makeshift creation of old wood, mesh and pieces of rusted zinc sheets in which she sells.

A LOVABLE GRAND-FATHER

A PENSIONER LAMENTS UNFAIRNESS BY GPL AND GWI Pensioner Seenauth Deen Pargas practically wept when he related a woeful tale of mistreatment at the hands of folks at the Guyana Power and Light entity (GPL) and the Guyana Water Inc. (GWI).

The weeping man, who is a security at the Unity/Lancaster IC Training Centre, explained that he has been paying his water bills up to date, and he provided the bills to substantiate

I was particularly stirred by the sight of 54-year-old Shaheed Rahaman, all engrossed in showering attention on his cute little grandson, Teeran Rahaman, as he enjoyed lemonade

These two chums relax ‘country style’ to avoid the scorching midday sun

Its lunch time for the carpenters at Auntie Bootie’s stall.

I began chatting with him, and he explained the bond between himself and the toddler. “This little chap here is the love of my life, and I couldn’t live a day without hugging or kissing him. He is my pride and joy, and gives me extra strength to live on. When I am playing with him all my stress and problems seem to fade, and my troubles are no more”.

Mr. Rahaman plants a little kitchen garden to keep food on the table, and depends on the little he gets from his children.

He explained that life was hard for him since he left school in Standard Three to help out in the home, and he soon found employment at the Boodhu Coconut Plantation in the village.

He had been a student of the Gibson Government School, and when his father died while he was still young, he and three brothers had to come up with means of helping their mother to make ends meet.

However, he is ailing from a serious abdominal condition, and had two surgeries recently. This has slowed him up a bit, and he is earnestly hoping that someone out there or folks at the Food for the Poor Guyana Inc. would donate some garden tools to him. Come on, Food for the Poor, pretty please lend a hand where help is most desperately needed!

this claim. He said that, five days ago, he arrived home from work to receive the shocking news that GWI had cut off his water supply. The man said that although his wife kept telling them the bills were up to date, the tap was turned off because she could not find the latest bill while he was not at home. He said the next day he took the bill to GWI, and almost fainted when he was told by a representative there that his water was cut off some three years ago, even though he had a bill that was paid as recent as last month.

Stuttering in anger, the man said that he was told he would now have to pay $168,000, and since he needed the precious liquid, he paid down $24,000 so far. He said that after paying the reconnection fee, GWI told him that he had damaged the ‘pipe saddle’, which almost sent him into a coma. Tears rolled down his cheeks as he explained that this piece was damaged when repairs were done close to a road just outside his home.

As if his troubles would never end, Mr. Pargas said that for months his electricity meter was ‘working and sticking’.

He said he reported this fact to GPL several times, but not a soul came to fix it.

According to the troubled man GPL recently staged a campaign in the Unity/Lancaster area and removed his meter, claiming that the meter had been ‘tampered with’. The man related that he was forced to pay $10,000

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Unity

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From centre

to have a new meter replaced, and an additional $3,500 reconnection fee.

He said that at the GPL office he was told that he would have to pay a total of $109,000 in arrears, since they had backdated the meter by six months. He said he was given two weeks to pay at least half of that amount.

PROMINENT FIGURES In the year 2012, the villages of Unity and neighbouring Lancaster honoured home grown star cricketer Shivnarine Chanderpaul at a simple ceremony at the Unity/Lancaster cricket ground. The club unveiled a signboard featuring Chanderpaul, and will also kick start a cricket Academy in January 2013. The academy was named the Shivnarine Chanderpaul Cricket Academy.

The club had also commissioned the Chetram Singh pavilion during the ceremony. Singh is a former president of the Guyana Cricket Board, and he hails from Unity village.

Cricket commentator Naim Chan spoke of Chanderpaul’s achievements in the game; while Chanderpaul, in his remarks, thanked the organisers and said he appreciated the fact that his village acknowledged his contribution towards the game over the years, and supported him from the beginning of his career.

He was quoted as saying: “Cricket and education go hand in hand. We are here not only to develop our cricket skills; we have to develop better citizens. This would come about through hard work, dedication and determination.”

SHIVNARINE ‘THE TIGER’ CHANDERPAUL Shivnarine Chanderpaul was born in Unity Village on August 16, 1974.

He provides a notable counterpoint to the contemporary game of cricket, being at the same time inimitable and timeless - no more a product of his period than a kitchen clock, and yet not a creature of the past either.

Shivnarine Chanderpaul in action

He goes about it in his own sweet and deceptively frail way, relying on deflections and glides, hands as opposed to forearms, a wand as opposed to a tree trunk, persuasion and perseverance as opposed to power. He is a rubber man put among concrete pillars. In short, he is a reminder that, even now, cricket has many faces and talent can take many forms.

It has taken a boy from a distant fishing village to remind us that sporting techniques cannot be pinned in a book like a dead butterfly, or refined into a mathematical formula.

Chanderpaul’s career shows that an ambitious sportsman can defy the straitjacket of conventional thought and even scientific analysis and still make his way in the game.

Chanderpaul is, and always has been, an excellent batsman. Otherwise, he could not have lasted as long or produced

as consistently. His technique was honed in a geographic - but not cricketing - backwater. Admittedly, Unity Village did not have advanced facilities or proven coaches, let alone dieticians, psychologists or sponsors; but it did have plenty of fishing nets, tidal waters, and willing assistants.

Housewife Latchmie Mohammed relaxes after a trip to the doctor

FORMER PRESIDENT BHARRAT JAGDEO H.E. Bharrat Jagdeo (born January 23, 1964) is a Guyanese politician who was President of Guyana from August 11, 1999 to December 3, 2011. He holds a number of global leadership positions in the areas of sustainable development, green growth and climate change.

Prior to his presidency, he was Minister of Finance, and became President after President Janet Jagan resigned from that post for health reasons. He subsequently won two elections, in Former President Bharrat Jagdeo 2001 and 2006. He originated from Unity Village was the first President of Guyana to relinquish office in accordance with term limits he signed into the Guyanese Constitution. Jagdeo was born in Unity Village on the East Coast of Demerara.

President Jagdeo was elected as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in September, 2005. He occupied this position until September 2006.

The World Economic Forum (WEF) identified Jagdeo as one of its inaugural Young Global Leaders in 2006. Time Magazine named Jagdeo as one of their “Heroes of the Environment” in 2008, and he was awarded the United Nations “Champion of the Earth” award in 2010.

Who would have ever believed that a former ‘village boy’ from Unity would have emerged to be president of the Republic of Guyana?

Dhanandei Ramrattan (Auntie Bootie) is a heart warmer to villagers

COLIN CROFT Colin Everton Hunte Croft was born on March 15, 1953 in Lancaster Village, East Coast Demerara, Guyana. He attended the Central High School in Georgetown, where he developed a reputation as a fearsome fast bowler right from his early days of playing for his high school. When Croft’s family took up residence in a Georgetown neighbourhood with a reputation for being tough, it must have had some influence on his cricketing career in later life.

After an uneventful beginning in regional youth cricket, Croft was ‘thrown to the wolves’ in his first class debut for Guyana in a famous encounter with Jamaica, against a batting lineup that included Lawrence Rowe and Maurice Foster. Though quite quick, the Jamaica batsmen scored heavily off the inexperienced fast bowler.

Later in the match, however, Colin Croft was another Roy Fredericks exacted some phenomenal cricketer from revenge by hitting Jamaica’s Unity Village

Vendor Terry Ramlall discusses the plight of garbage in the village Uton Dowe for 22 runs in his first over.

Consistent performances in regional cricket earned Croft a place in the President’s XI against Pakistan in St Lucia in 1977, and he seized his opportunity with both hands, taking 10 wickets in the match.

Along with ‘Big Bird’ Joel Garner, Colin Croft made his Test debut at Kensington Oval in Barbados against Pakistan on 18 February 1977, where he took 7 wickets; but his second Test, at Queen’s Park Oval, brought even greater rewards.

Bowling fast leg-cutters, Croft took 8 wickets for 29 runs in Pakistan’s first innings - the best ever figures for a West Indian fast bowler. In addition, he caused Sadiq Mohammed to retire hurt on zero, after which wickets tumbled quickly.

In a relatively brief Test career lasting just five years, Croft established a reputation as one of the most feared fast bowlers around, with apparently no qualms about inflicting pain on batsmen.

Starting in 1994, Croft has been a cricket commentator/ analyst covering West Indies tours and writing extensively for Cricinfo. His first cricket assignment in England was in 1995. During the 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup, he provided analysis for the BBC’s Test Match Special radio coverage on all the Guyana-based matches. He continued his analyst’s role during the West Indies tour of England the same year.

In his private life, having been an Air Traffic Controller from 1973 to 1981 while playing for the West Indies, he obtained a Commercial Airline Pilot’s licence in the

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Unity From page XXII USA, with endorsements for the UK, and worked as a Commercial Pilot in the Caribbean.

He was often dubbed as ‘Colin Croft: The meanest of the West Indian fast bowling terrors.’

There is a kitchen garden in almost every yard

CONCLUSION Come ride with me to this interesting village where the camaraderie and harmony will leave you spellbound. Come swoon in delight at the smiles and pleasantries of the residents, or just hop into the fruit trees and have your fill of tropical delicacies. Whatever you do, stay for a weekend to see ‘how country people does party in fine style’.

Make sure you call me up, because I definitely want to join you in a little freestyle gyration to some heady country music….

Next week, I will bring you the mysteries of Bath Settlement, where the fun never stops.... Bye for now, folks.

Grandfather Shaheed Rahaman shares a light moment with his grandson, Teeran Rahaman, whom he says is ‘the apple of his eyes’.

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KIRK ANDREW JARDINE From page XIX

a moral deficiency. “God helped me break free. It is God’s gift,” he said.

At some point in his life, he promoted parties and fashion shows, but that was only for a time. However, when he was reintroduced to the stage, he found that there was nothing else that he wanted to do with his time.

“I was very fortunate to get to showcase my various talents. Mr. Yog Mahadeo allowed me to do my thing with a contract with GT&T. I later co-produced the Jingle

and Song Competition in 2011 and 2012,” he recalled.

About two years ago, he started Yolo Entertainment.

“Unfortunately, we have not been able to make it. We are indebted to a couple of people but are hoping to clear it up soon and move forward. I am yet to break into a point where a television or a radio station would say come on board with us; because of your popularity and the way you do things, we will work with you. I still have not gotten that. I don’t know why it’s that way in Guyana.

We have to pay these people

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Chow Pow wants to play a greater role in producing national events

to go on their radio and television stations. They are not hiring us. And I think that is very unfortunate for people in my field.”

Despite the setbacks, though, Chow Pow is now creeping into the Caribbean.

He will begin a tour to several countries in the Caribbean on May 11.

He believes his standup comedy is responsible for a lot of his success.

THE OLDER HEADS Jardine is encouraging those who have been

around his field for a long time to ensure that they keep the industry alive for the sake of the industry, and not for their personal egos. “You (the older heads) are here to guide the younger ones. What you are not here to do is to stand as a block and deprive anyone with potential from going forward. If you are going to tell a joke about someone else, make sure you can take a joke.

Chow Pow during one of his plays.

Don’t be upset if you get hit harder. We are here to live and let live. Please let’s get it right,” he advised.

Jardine is very grateful to Gem Madho, GT&T, Giftland Office Max, Terrence Sookhoo, Chris Gopaul, Nigel Worrell, and

all of the other companies and individuals who helped him to get where he is at in his life.

He is also very thankful to his wife of 14 years, Zelpher, and their three children Javid, Aniyah, and Jaheim.

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Guyanese Women in History:

She Rocks! Dr. Jean Small

J

– Actress, Director, Playwright, Caribbean Hall of Fame Inductee

EAN SMALL is a Guyanese Jamaican living in Jamaica since 1954. She graduated from the University of the West Indies in Foreign Languages,– French, Spanish and Latin and her profession all her life has been as an educator.

She has worked in Guyana, Trinidad, Nigeria, Australia and in Jamaica as a teacher of French at both secondary and tertiary levels. Her love, since school days, has been theatre, and she now considers herself first an actress and secondly director and playwright, using theatre tools as a vehicle for understanding life, language, culture and interpersonal relationships.

Dr Jean Small

Jean Small manipulates two puppets during a Portmore puppet show at the Lions’ Civic Centre during Portmore Week activities in 2008. – photo by Anthony As a Foreign anguage lecturer, she uses theatre to teach French language and literature at the University level. Her publications include a series of textbooks in French and Spanish for schools, a play: A BLACK WOMAN’S TALE, and articles on the empowerment of theatre.

Dr. Small has participated in theatre internationally and is the only person in Jamaica who uses theatre as a tool for teaching French language and literature. For thirteen years Dr. Small led a team of experts from across the Caribbean to formulate the curriculum in French and Spanish for the CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL (CXC), and she participated in writing the syllabus for Theatre Arts for the CXC. She was the External Examiner for Theatre at the Edna Manley College, and External Examiner of French for the Joint Board of Teacher Education from 1993 to 2010.

She has been decorated twice by the French Government for distinguished teaching of French language and literature. First in 1985 with the Academic Palms at the level of Chevalier and in June 2004 at the Level of Officier. Dr. Small is presently retired from the University of the West Indies, where she last headed the Philip Sherlock Centre For the Creative Arts. She is currently the Convenor of the Fine Arts

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DYAN CANNON -“I don’t acknowledge age. I’m not afraid of what’s called age” often than the big one, as she starred in several made-for-TV movies and made guest appearances in numerous series. Most notable was her recurring role on the hit show Ally McBeal (1997), where, in 1997-98, she played Judge Jennifer "Whipper" Cone in several episodes of the wacky comedy/drama.

Though it's been 20 years since Cannon scored a major movie success and she's outgrown her sexpot image (early nude photos of the actress are still in circulation), she continues to find respectable roles in decent-though-not-great films, most re-

T

Dyan Cannon

he only thing that would ever frighten me would be losing my vitality or energy or the stars in my eyes or love for life.

And I don't believe that's connected with numbers.

Perhaps best known for her trademark curly blond tresses and her faithful appearances at L.A. Lakers basketball games, Dyan Cannon has enjoyed nearly fifty years in the entertainment industry. Born Samille Diane Friesen in Tacoma, Washington, Cannon had early dreams of becoming an actress.

She made her screen debut with a small part in the critically acclaimed crime drama The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond (1960). A short-lived television series called This Rebel Breed (1960) followed that same year. It was during this time that she caught the eye of one of Hollywood's favorite leading men, Cary Grant, who was 35 years her senior. The couple, a hotbed of Hollywood gossip, experienced an on-again, offagain relationship until marrying in 1965. Cannon left her acting career behind during her short-lived marriage to Grant and bore his daughter, Jennifer Grant, in 1966.

Cannon and Grant were divorced in 1968, and she returned to the big screen in 1969 in the pop-culture classic Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), garnering an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. A series of less-than-remarkable television and feature films followed in the early 1970s, but comedies proved her most successful medium. Cannon received another Academy Award nomination for Heaven Can Wait (1978), where she played a money-hungry, adulterous wife who hatches a plot to kill her husband only to find that another man has been reincarnated via her husband's body. The multi-talented Cannon, who is also a singer/songwriter, found success behind the camera as well as in front of it. In 1976, she produced, directed, wrote, and edited the short film Number One (1976), an Academy Award nominee for Best Short Film-Live Action. The tedious experience of wearing so many hats deterred her from writing and directing again until 1991, with the release of The End of Innocence (1990).

She gave a strong and critically acclaimed performance in the picture, but it received a lukewarm response overall.

The 1980s and 1990s found Cannon on the small screen more

cently Out to Sea (1997) with the aging comedy duo of Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon; 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag (1997), That Darn Cat (1997) and Boynton Beach Club (2005).

In the early 1970s, Paramount had plans that were unrealized to remake Double Indemnity (1944) with Cannon in the Barbara Stanwyck role. Ultimately, the project was downgraded to a television movie and when Cannon

Please turn to page XXXIII

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

She Rocks!

Dr. Jean Small From page XXX

Board of the University Council of Jamaica , member of the Alliance Française and Past President of the Jamaica Association of French Teachers. In 2001 Dr. Small was inducted into the CARIBBEAN HALL OF FAME in Jamaica.

In 2003, Dr. Small joined the Toastmasters International, which is an organization that sees communication and leadership as essential to personal and societal development.

Through her performance in her Club, the DYNAMIC SPEAKERS, she gained the designation as DISTINGUISHED TOASTMASTER in 2012 . In 2004 she placed third in the Jamaica National Speech Competition. In May 2005 she won the Jamaica National Humourous Speech Competition, and in November of the same year she won the Humourous Speech Competition which was held in St. Croix, which made Mrs. Small the 2005 Caribbean Toastmasters Champion of Humourous Speeches.

In 2006 Dr. Small won the Evaluation contest at the Area Level, and in 2007 she became the Caribbean Champion of Public Speaking. Her other awards include the ACTOR BOY AWARD in 1995 for her performance in HOT FLASHES, the Charlotte and Isidor Paiewonsky Prize for the Best first publication of LAMENT, a poem dedicated to Prof. Kamau Brathwaite in the Caribbean Writer, a publication of the University of the Virgin Islands and the choice of her play, THE BLACK WOMAN’S TALE as the best Jamaican play in 1998 which she performed in France in French at the Theatre Gérard Phillipe. Dr. Small also writes short stories and is a storyteller. On November 14, 2006 she was chosen to perform as storyteller with the internationally acclaimed Cherokee Nation Indian storyteller Gayle Ross at the Edna Manley College.

On October 3, 2007 The United States Embassy invited Dr. Small to perform her winning speech, entitled RAIN, at the opening cocktail reception of the launching of the Chiefs of Mission HIV/AIDS Conference in Jamaica. In the 2006 TALLAWAH drama competition held at the University of the West Indies, the French play that Dr. Small entered won two awards, one for the script that she had written which consisted of translations into French of six of MUTABARUKA’s poems and the one for the performance of poetry by a group accompanied by drums and. movement. Dr.. Small is the Director of her own company, TALA (Theatre Arts Learning Aids), which promotes the use of theatre as a teaching tool. Through TALA she teaches values and attitudes using the art of puppetry and storytelling. Her puppetry troupe is called PUPPETS FOR PEACE and they present puppet plays for children and workshops for Early Childhood educators and Sunday School teachers on the effective use of puppetry as a teaching tool.

TALA offers a course in Public Speaking, titled DYNAMIC PRESENTATIONS. She also conducts Drama with the children of the Portmore Missionary Preparatory School.

In 2010, Dr Small was awarded the BRONZE MUSGRAVE MEDAL by the Institute of Jamaica for excellence in theatre. In that same year she received the LIFE AWARD from the Jamaica Association of Dramatic Artists for over fifty years of contribution to theatre in the Caribbean, as well as a plaque from the Republic of Guyana for her outstanding contribution to theatre. In 2011 Dr. Small was awarded her Doctor of Philosophy for her thesis on CREATIVTY AND THE USE OF THEATRE TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING FRENCH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Dr. Small is divorced and has one son, Seretse Small, who is a guitarist and CEO of his own company, GRIOT MUSIC.

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

DYAN CANNON From page XXXI

wasn't available, Samantha Eggar was hired for the part.

Wanted a nose job early in her career, but a doctor told her she had a beautiful nose and wasn't going to do anything to it. She then decided not to get the nose job.

Cary Grant first saw her on a television series in 1961, when she was already a 24-year-old television veteran. They started living together in 1963.

Recently came in fourth (behind Sophia Loren, Ann-Margret and Raquel Welch) in the "Sexiest Older Actress" category held by the website Third Age. She was extremely nervous about doing the famous bedroom scene in Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969). She claimed all four participants were a wreck. Elliott Gould busily stuffed food in his mouth; Robert Culp talked a mile a minute and Natalie Wood wouldn't even come out of her trailer at first.

Second husband, Stanley Fimberg was a real estate mogul who executive produced her movie The End of Innocence (1990).

Dyan and Cary Grant's baby, Jennifer Grant, weighed only 4.5 pounds at birth; she was born seven months after Dyan and Cary's wedding.

She was reluctant to drop acid with regular user Cary Grant, her husband at the time, who believed it had psychological value, but he compelled her to do it twice, and she got violently sick each time.

Her high school nickname was "Frosty".

She was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6608 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California on June 22, 1983.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY)

TWO GUIDES HONOURED FOR 50 YEARS’ DEDICATED SERVICE (Guyana Chronicle January 6, 1980)

The Guyana Girl Guides Association has honoured two of its members for 50 years of loyal and dedicated service with the organisation.

At a recently held annual general meeting, Ms. Agnes De Lima and Milicent Rose were commended for their contribution to the organisation’s 55 years existence in Guyana.

Ms. De Lima joined the movement in 1929 and started a Company attached to St Barnabas Anglican Church.

She ran companies at St. Phillip’s at Vreed-en-Hoop and has trained brownies, guides and rangers.

She also started the first Sea Ranger Crew at Vreed-en-Hoop and is active in the Boy Scouts Movement.

Ms Rose started Guiding in 1924 when the movement began in Guyana.

A patrol of Rangers was started in 1930, and later grew into a company, to which she is still attached.

Ms. Rose has taken rangers on several camping expeditions to different parts of the country and has joined the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) fulfilling her promise as a ranger to render service to the community.

Tribute was also paid to District Commissioners Princess Blair and Inez Samuels who died last year.

Both had given unstinted and loyal service to the movement for many years.

Mrs. E. K. Knobbs, one of the persons who helped to put Guiding onto a solid foundation in the early days, was also commended for her contribution.

JACKY CHAN IS BACK (Guyana Chronicle January 8, 1980)

Now showing at Plaza Cinema; spectacular in every sense of the word: Monkey Kung Fu; real pretty: the gibbon fist: “Eagle’s Claw, Snake’s Fist, Cat’s Paw” Now showing 4.15 & 8.30 p.m. Daily.

COMPLETES 50 YEARS AS AN ORGANIST (Guyana Chronicle January 9, 1980)

Mr. Cyril Victor Too Chung, well known city accountant and retired civil servant of Cross Street Charlestown has completed 50 years of continuous voluntary service as organist of St. Saviour’s Anglican Church at Broad and Saffon Streets.

A letter sent to Mr. Too Chung from Rev Fr. Oscar Agard, Administrative Secretary of the Anglican Diocese in Guyana, said: “By any standards this is an outstanding achievement and a wonderful example of faithful and devoted use in the service of the Church of a talent that is both given by God and acquired by His Grace.”

On behalf of the Anglican Diocese, Fr. Agard extended thanks and congratulations to Mr. Too Chung.

Mr. Too Chung, apart from his musical talent, was an outstanding cricketer in local competitions and an outstanding lawn tennis player.

Upon retirement from the Civil Service, he served in the Senate in the 1961-1964 Government, and presided over a number of meetings of the Senate as Deputy President.

BRINK SHOW ‘80 OPENS FRIDAY (Guyana Chronicle January 10, 1980)

The tradition of the Brink Show comes alive once more this Friday night at the Theatre Guild Playhouse in Kingston.

And even though there is still some argument over what the name of this brink should be, everyone connected with it is feverishly working towards getting their act together.

The cast for this Brink Show is probably the biggest ever, and includes actors singers and dancers.

The content is a highly varied one that takes a poke at many facets of the society its successes and failings.

Many of the players have made their names in previous Brink Shows one such person being Pat Gomes.

Attending a performance any night over the next two weeks will tell you that no one can beat her in a “talk name”.

NEW MANGEMENT AT CHRONICLE

(Guyana Graphic January 16,1980) Guyana National Newspapers Limited (GNNL) print-

Continued on page XXXIII

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY) From page XXXIV Claudette Earle joins the company as Features Editor of the “Sunday Chronicle.” ers and publishers of the “Chronicle” newspapers, has announced a number of appointThe appointments took effect as from Monday last. ments in the top structure of its management.

Veteran Journalist Harry Harewood has joined the Company as the new Editor-in-Chief / PARATROOPER PLUMMETS 300 FEET TO DEATH Managing Director.

(Guyana Chronicle January 28, 1980) His last assignment was Chief Information Officer in the Information Ministry.

The new Editor is McDonald Dash, who has been seconded from the Guyana Sugar A 29-year-old paratroop instructor of the Guyana Defence Force (GDF) fell more than 300 Corporation (GUYSUCO) where he has been Information Officer and Editor of GUYSUCO feet to his death from a helicopter during a training session at Timehri late Tuesday afternoon. house organ “Sugar News”.

He died on the spot.

Mohamed Hamaludin has returned to the company as Managing Editor.

Loris Adams, a Sergeant in the Paratroop Corps of the GDF, plummeted to death when the He was “Chronicle” Chief Reporter until he resigned in September 1978 to devote full rip cord of his parachute did not operate. time to the Caribbean News Agency (CANA).

An Official of the GDF said that Adams, of 27 Fort Street Kingston, was in charge of a squad of paratroopers who were on training and they were on a routine tour of practice sessions.

The young paratrooper was trained in the United Kingdom in 1977, and also did tours of duty in Cuba and Grenada.

Sergeant Adams has left a wife and two children.

(Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@ gmail.com or cell phone # 657 2043.)

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

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ARIES - You may feel somewhat dissociated today, as if you’re watching yourself from a distance. This discontinuity between mind and body can be disconcerting, but it can also be a fascinating exercise if you attempt to see yourself from an objective view. You are feeling fragile, though, and the least show of opposition -- particularly if it comes from someone you don’t much like -- could elicit an emotional response that is wildly out of proportion.

TAURUS - The green-eyed monster strikes today. Are you going to let it take over? Your feelings of envy may be directed at a lover who seems to be having too much fun outside your presence, at a friend who receives some very good news or at a coworker who is showered with recognition you feel is undeserved. Showing anger, attempting to control people or engaging in any other negative actions may temporarily mask your feelings, but eventually you’ll have to face your own vulnerability. The sooner you do it, the sooner you’ll feel a sense of relief.

GEMINI - If you’ve been putting off a visit to the doctor because you’ve just been too busy, pick up the phone and make the appointment today. Whether you need to investigate a symptom or are taking a proactive, preventive approach by arranging for a physical or some other kind of routine testing, you are taking the right step. Your health is your most valuable asset and it deserves as much care as the other aspects of your fast-paced lifestyle.

CANCER - Peer pressure and pushy salespeople can be hard to resist, but you want to give all forms of intimidation a wide berth today. Look at these urgings for what they are -- others’ attempts to influence your will and your actions. Even if no harm were to come from your acquiescence, you would still have a lingering feeling of having been manipulated. Stand your ground and don’t allow anyone to take advantage of you.

LEO - Now is not the time for superficial judgments and snap decisions.

Whatever situation you’re facing deserves very careful consideration and a thorough check with your intuition. Taking what appears to be the path of least resistance could find you trudging up a steep, rocky hill in the very near future. Look to your interests and be aware of what others could stand to gain.

VIRGO - Your desire to get ahead could find you in an audience of equally ambitious folks, listening to an exciting business presentation. But hold your horses before you go galloping off in pursuit of the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. Does this opportunity truly have the potential the presenter depicts? The only way to find out is to banish the stars from your eyes and thoroughly investigate the company and its claims. Insist on references, not just pep rallies, and check the firm’s reputation with business and governmental agencies.

LIBRA - Demands on your time, your cheque book or your emotional support could leave you drained and feeling somewhat selfish by the end of the day. Perhaps too many people are laying claim to various parts of you, causing you to feel as if you have no energy or time for yourself. This kind of dependence rarely goes away on its own, so you may need to take a series of small steps spaced out over a period of time to disengage their grip.

SCORPIO - You forge ahead like a locomotive full of steam today. Nothing can stop you -- you’re so compelling no one even bothers to stand in your way. Quite the contrary. Everyone is trying to jump on your train and go for the ride of their lives. Enjoy the attention and the accolades, but remember that even the mightiest engine needs to stop and refuel from time to time. All that huffing and puffing might mean you’re tired.

SAGITTARIUS - The pictures in your head may seem more real than what your eyes actually see today. You’re so wrapped up in your own thoughts there’s a danger you could bump into a post or step off the curb without looking. When others speak to you, you may not hear them at all, or it could seem as if they’re calling to you from across a wide canyon. Preoccupation is the natural result of an active imagination, but don’t allow yourself to disengage completely from reality.

CAPRICORN - You effortlessly see both sides of a question today. Consequently, you have no trouble making decisions as circumstances demand and no problem explaining the reasons behind your conclusions. The best part is you don’t feel the least bit of hesitation or ambivalence; the right choice seems so obvious. Others respect your integrity and fairness, so they accept your conclusions without protest.

AQUARIUS - Work may not be as satisfying these days as it once was.

Maybe you’ve grown so used to your job that it no longer stimulates your creativity, or perhaps your principal interests have simply moved in another direction. Reconciling this situation could be as simple as adding some extracurricular activities to your after-work existence or as complicated as changing careers. Only you can decide which course is right.

Pisces - Has your heart been bruised recently? You’re feeling so sensitive that the slightest emotional prod could cause a big lump to form in your throat or send you running out of the room in tears. The unwitting agent of your distress may need as much consolation as you do. They will be shocked that their innocuous remark elicited such a reaction. You definitely need some solitary time to sort through your thoughts and feelings.

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Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

English

Chronicle Pepperpot April 6, 2014

Mixed Gardens have an undeniable charm

By Clifford Stanley

Many of us recall the old-fashioned gardens of our grandparents or other relatives and neighbours.

These was usually a hodge-podge of flower and foliage plants.

It seemed that gardens, rather than being planned, more or less "happened", or more likely evolved.

As the gardener fancied something new or was given a plant by a friend, it was inserted into an available blank spot. Where yards were small and space was limited, these mixed gardens combined whatever was at hand. The end result often had an individual charm that was undeniable and delightful.

There's no reason, of course, why we can't create a similarly informal effect in a modern garden. For those with limited garden space, a mixed garden makes especially good sense. It allows us to have some of our personal favourites, rather than limiting us to only a few kinds of plants -- as is the case of massed garden designs.

Uniquely charming mixed gardens are possible.

A mixed garden is a very personal one that truly reflects the individual taste of the homeowners. Rather than being a garden for show, it's a garden designed for the pleasure of those who own it. If others who visit also find it enjoyable, so much the better.

Fruit trees can supply partial shade to flower beds filled with combinations of different-coloured annuals and perennials.

Clumps of favourite vegetables can also be placed among these flowering plants.

SOME MIXED GARDEN DESIGN IDEAS Beds and Borders: Make borders up to half as wide as the total space in a small- or medium-size yard.

For example, a 40-foot-wide yard could have one border 20 feet wide or two borders10 feet wide. Borders -- traditional gardens usually set at the edge of a yard, fence, or hedge -- also need enough size to be in scale and make an impact in the yard.

Wider borders can accommodate taller plants, including trees, shrubs, and large clumps of perennials and ornamental grasses, and so take on a rich diversity.

Paths and Paving Build garden paths anywhere that foot traffic wears out the grass.

Paths make pleasing straight or curving lines through the yard and make it easier to get where you need to go in wet weather. They also save you the trouble of having to constantly reseed barren, foot-worn areas. If you have a large lot, make paths wide enough for two people to walk side by side. If your path is of grass, make it wide enough to accommodate a lawn mower. Give your paths turns or curves so that part of the scene comes as a surprise as you stroll.

Professionally laid brick paving is durable and rather formal.

There are several possible patterns and edgings, but simpler styles look best.

Paving bricks are flatter and broader than bricks for buildings.

Recycled or antique bricks can be used for paving and edgings.

An ordinary concrete sidewalk, plain and simple, is a good-looking and practical choice, and is usually less expensive than stone or brick. Be sure to make the path sufficiently broad, or it may look too cramped.

Arbors: Create a shade garden without trees by planting under a vine-covered arbor. Shade gardens can feature serene blends of ferns plus a few dazzling bloomers, such as azaleas and rhododendrons.

Although these plants usually grow amid trees and shrubs,

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they can thrive in shadows cast by other structures -- walls, fences, houses, or a vine-covered arbor.

The advantage of an arbor shade garden is that fewer roots are competing for moisture and nutrients.

And unlike planting close to a wall or building, the arbor shade garden has plenty of fresh air in circulation. In addition, an arbor looks great when clad in flowers and handsome foliage.

Reduce the volume of strong winds by planting a layered assortment of plants as a windbreaker. Wind can knock down and dry out plants, generally making it harder to get the garden to grow well.

Layered plants -- taller trees with shade-tolerant shrubs planted under them -- create an irregular barrier that gently stops wind. Solid fences, in contrast, allow wind to slip up and over and swirl back in on the other side.

Don't forget to place a bench in the garden. You can sit and admire your handiwork, which always looks best up close. Your bench, even a rugged one, can double as garden sculpture.

If you don't want to be limited to only a few kinds and colours of flowers in your garden, consider planting a mixed garden.

Note, sunlight, soil, and water are the big three essentials when it comes to gardening. Every plant needs adequate light, moisture, and nutrients from the soil to thrive. Learn how to assess your garden conditions.(Derived from TLC –A Discovery Company)

BROOKLYN BECKHAM MAKES HIS MODELING DEBUT

This entire family has fashion in their veins!

Brooklyn Beckham makes his modeling debut in the Spring/Summer 2014 issue of Man About Town, releasing April 4. The 15-year-old son of David and Victoria Beckham is part of a 20-page fashion piece

on teenage style, which aims to give "honest insights into the moment men begin to express themselves through clothes."

"We could not have wished for a stronger subject than Brooklyn to bring this story to life," the magazine's Editor-in-Chief Ben Reardon said.

"He was a diligent, relaxed cover star for his first ever fashion shoot. The story was a genuine pleasure for all involved."

"Brooklyn was a true professional and had a keen eye in the styling process, collaborating on selections from designers including Ralph Lauren,

Saint Laurent and Supreme," he continues. "It is clear that he is becoming a credit to the family name, not only possibly the most famous in the world but one with a wealth of heavyweight fashion influence behind it."

Both of his parents have

done numerous fashion campaigns in the past, our favorite being David's numerous underwear ads. Brooklyn's younger brother, Romeo, has also done a couple adorable campaigns for Burberry. It's only a matter of time until little Cruz and Harper get in on it too!

KALEY CUOCO ON DATING SUPERMAN

Kaley Cuoco is opening up about her famous exes.

The actress covers the May issue of Cosmopolitan, where comes clean about her whirlwind romance with tennis-pro Ryan Sweeting, her breakup with "Big Bang Theory" cast-mate Johnny Galecki, and her 10-day fling with "Man of Steel" hunk Henry Cavill.

In her first magazine interview since tying the knot, the new bride dishes on her speedy engagement and overthe-top wedding.

"I admit it happened fast, but that’s who I am.

When we met, I knew he was the one," she says of her new hubby. "[At my wedding], I felt like a rock star and a badass.

What was amazing in that room, it was so full of love. It was like nothing I’d ever been to before, and it was exactly what we wanted it to be.

It was the eighth wonder of the world, the greatest wedding of all time.”

While she may be happily married now, the blonde beauty admits that breakups aren’t easy especially when

you work with your ex.

“It took a minute, a bit of awkwardness,” she says of her split with "Big Bang" co-star Johnny Galecki. "By the grace of God, we became best buddies and moved on in such an elegant way. [He’s] one of my closest friends. He was in the front row at my wedding, with a huge smile on his face."

It's good to know that former flames can be friends, but Johnny

isn’t the only celeb that Cuoco’s been linked to. The 28- year old actress famously had a fling with the super sexy "Man of Steel" star, Henry Cavill.

"I had no one following me until I met Superman," she says.

"I’ve been in this business for 20 years, and my whole life, I could go anywhere, do anything. There had not been one paparazzi photo of me until like several months ago. The recognition was crazy."