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Produced and Edited by C. Naipaul | Graphic and Layout Design by D. Prince

II

Searching for Anjalie

K

eiron sat on the sea wall watching the calm water of the Atlantic Ocean, an endless flow, as the sun sat in the west withit’s magnificence beyond compare.

The water lapping gently across the rocks seems somehow to speak to him and sometimes he would smile and answer quietly, “What are you saying to me? Have you brought tidings from mother Africa?”

Far beyond the horizon where the ocean consorted with the sea, ships had sailed with human cargo over a century ago and the young man mused, “ A long way we have come, now stranger to you, dear mother but within your breasts lies our true identity.”

Time could not return what was lost but Keiron’s young mind was always searching for something unique. Across the water he could hear the pulsating beat of the drums, telling stories of hunting and feasting. He saw the bonfire in the village square, the small huts and the women dressed in rich tribal wear. The beat of the drums suddenly changed to a slow tempo and from the dim shadows she stepped out, a most beautiful girl, a gem of Africa, her body slowly moving in rhythm to the drum beats.

It was the first time she had come into the picture in his mind and Keiron watched entranced by the passion in her eyes as she danced, her smooth, black skin glistening from the glow of the small bonfire. “A pure African beauty”, he whispered, “Untouched by ugly hands, free as a butterfly. I wish she was real.”

‘Who are you talking to, man?”

Keiron looked up almost startled into the teasing faces of his two best friends, Jamal and Naren.

“Not speaking to anyone,” he said jumping nimbly to his feet. “Just reciting a few poetic verses.”

“Forget poetry, bro”, Jamal said with his usual flair, “Look at the scene that way.”

The scene was all the beautiful girls, relaxing or just strolling along the seawall.

Keiron shook his head and smiled resignedly, “The mis-

chievous and wild duo of high school, you guys won’t change at all.”

“Our style, our lives,” the two friends said in unison suave look on their faces.

“I wonder what the two of you would be saying in ten years from now.”

“Why is that?”

“Because you’d be married with children,” Keiron said with amused candour.

“Damn,” Jamal and Naren grumbled, the confident smile vanishing from their faces. “Why are you trying to torpedo our ship, man?”

“Just saying because you can get hit by a storm or hurricane”, Keiron couldn’t stop himself from laughing and his friends punched him roughly but in a harmless way.

“What are you doing here sitting by yourself anyways?”

Naren asked, “Your girlfriend left you?”

“No man, I don’t have a girlfriend.”

“What?” both friends looked shocked.

“I mean, not seriously. What is it with the two of you? A guy can’t sit by himself a little?”

“Yeah, but you know how things are spoken of these days of guys who date often.”

“Seriously?”Keiron fumed, “I’ll kill the two of you.”

They ran but Keiron, a former champion athlete of high school caught them easily, holding them in a vice.

“Are you guys fighting?” two girls nearby asked concerned.

“No, we’re just playing”, Keiron said letting go of Jamal and Naren The three friends settled down with a few cold Stags talking about their work and their dreams just like they did as boys in high school. Jamal and Naren had always been fun-loving and mischievous and Keiron the cool, practical one. Now young men, he was not a part of everything in their outgoing, party loving lifestyle because of his strong religious background but that did not affect their friendship.

He went to a few Bollywood shows and Soca concerts, interacting and celebrating the different cultures with his

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

maureen.rampertab@gmail.com friends for not only did ships sail from Africa but from the Asian continent as well. So this beautiful, tropical land became home to different races.

Keiron, an ambitious young man, tall and athletic, with boyish good looks worked parttime in his father’s mechanic shop while pursuing a degree in mechanical engineering at the university. His mother-a woman of God and proud of her ethnicity, instilled good values in his young mind on race and religion. Maybe it was her teachings that borne in him a desire to hold on to his true identity of Mother Africa and gave him a sense of belonging. So deep was his feeling that now in his mind he could visualise the girl of his dreams, a true African girl, though she may not be from Africa but here in the West Indies. He wondered though, “How would I recognise she’s the one when I see her?”

He knew not the answer then and his dream stayed a secret within him as new days were born in time’s network as he waited to find her.

In the month of November, more than a year later, his mother fell ill and Keiron found his days tasked even more with work, studies and church duties that his mother requested of him to fulfill. His social life seemed on hold and this dream, drifting somewhere in the cosmos when one night he had a strange dream of lions, zebras and giraffes. At breakfast the next morning, he wondered aloud, “Do I have to go to Africa to find her?”

“You’re going to Africa?” his six-year-old nephew questioned, with fear in his big, bright eyes.

“No, Travis.” Keiron assured him, “It was just a thought.”

“You can’t go there”, the little boy advised, “The Zulus will capture you.”

“That’s how much we have become strangers to our own African brother?” Keiron asked.

“Before you go to Africa”, his sister interrupted, a teasing smile on her face. “Can you take the kids to the zoo today?”

“Why me?”

“Because you’re their uncle.”

“They have other aunts and uncles.”

“I know, but you have more patience and you’re fun to be with.”

“Lord,” Keiron groaned as he left for the workshop, “Where is my life?”

He took the children to the zoo, during his lunch break

Continued on page III

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

III

By Petamber Persaud

The Ghosts of Slavery

Our imaginative writers have wetted our appetite and continue to spoon feed us with their reconstruction of history especially the gruesome and gloomy parts, a process no doubt exacting great stress and untold strain on them. For this, we are indebted to them in no small measure.

There are numerous books to support the above but a few volumes that are within arm’s reach will suffice. As I was returning a book from which I had recently extracted a poem to perform at ‘Expressions,’ a new poetry forum, I came upon another which attracted my attention due to its cover design being somewhat similar to the cover design of the one I was replacing on the shelf. Flipping to the blurbs of those books, I came across a name that led to a third book. Well, this forage Fred D’Aguiar had to be adjourned or I would miss my deadline.

The three books are ‘Turner’ by David Dabydeen, ‘Feeding the Ghosts’ by Fred D’Aguair and ‘Crossing the River’

by Caryl Phillips, all published in the 1990s and dealing with the slave trade, enslaved Africans and the African Diaspora.

‘Turner’ is a long narrative poem, which the blurb said was

‘written in response to J.M.W Turner’s celebrated painting Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead & Dying and focused ‘on the submerged head of the drowning African.’ The author went into that head that was drowned for centuries and ‘in-

From page II

“Your laughter, it brings a sparkle to your eyes.”

A little interest glowed in her eyes as she looked at him and she asked curiously, “What was that look at the zoo?”

“What look?” he asked, a little worried that she may have seen it the wrong way.

“Like you had found something precious you had lost or something you had been looking for.”

He did not answer for a moment, the love in his heart over the years, he had waited to find her, reflecting in his eyes and he said to her, “I found my dream.”

That deep look, undressed for her to see left her speechless for a moment and she looked away, not sure what to say.

“Miss Anjalie,” a little girl calling for her, helped her to regain her composure.

A surprised look crossed Keiron’s face, “Anjalie?”

She tried not to laugh at the look on his face, “What’s wrong?”

“You have the looks of a pure African girl.”

“I am.”

“Why an East Indian name?”

“It’s funny really”, she said, “When my mother was pregnant with me, she saw the movie, KuchKuchHotaHai and fell in love with the heroine’s name.”

“Oh boy,” Keiron laughed shaking his head in disbelief, “So I’ve been searching for an African girl named Anjalie?”

“Does that shatter your dream?” She asked.

“Not at all,” he said with a smile of true appreciation. “The way you smile and your laughter adds a uniqueness to your dark beauty and your Indian name.”

He held out his hand: “My mind had always been searching for something unique and I’ve waited a long time to find her.”

She smiled and put her hand in his, no need for words.

His search was over, he had found his dream.

David Dabydeen

Caryl Philips

vents a body, a biography, and peoples an imagined landscape’ and ‘rejects the fabrication of an idyllic past.’

Other books authored by Dabydeen include ‘Slave Song,’ ‘A Harlot’s Progress,’ and ‘Johnson’s Dictionary.’ Dabydeen was also involved in the publication of ‘The Black Presence

Searching for Anjalie

and they were standing by the lion’s cage watching the cubs playing with their mother when not far from him, he heard a beautiful voice. He turned to look and saw her by the zebra’s cage surrounded by a group of young children.

Something strange happened to his heart as he looked at her, the music from cupid’s harp, never a sweeter sound and he whispered, “Oh my God, it’s her.”

She turned, walking with the children towards the lion’s cage, a dream come to life. He stood there as though in a trance, as she came closer, her lustrous, curly hair blowing a little in the wind, her dark beauty defined. There was a little sparkle in her eyes when she looked at him and said with a warm smile, “Hi.” “Uncle Keiron,” the children were pulling at his arms, “We want to see the giraffes.”

That snapped him out of his trance and he returned her smile but words he could not find for drums seemed to be beating in his heart. He walked with the two kids, turning back to look at her and as the drum beats eased, words found their way back to him. She was under the benab in the gardens, sharing snacks to the children when he spoke to her, “Can I help you?”

She looked at him, hesitated a little then smiled and handed him a tray, “Sure, thanks.”

“Who are all these children?” he asked, noticing how loving and caring she was with them.

“They’re from my church.”

“That’s great.My mother will love you”, he said with sincerity.

She laughed and he looked at her, that special feeling in his heart writing a poetic verse for her.

“That’s beautiful” “What is?”

in English Literature,’ ‘Hogarth's Blacks: Images of Blacks in 18th-Century English Art,’ and ‘The Oxford Companion to Black British History.’

‘Feeding the Ghosts’ is a prose novel inspired by a true story of the slave ship Zong departing Africa when disease threatened all aboard. The captain ordered the crew to seize all the sick men, women and children. One hundred and thirty-two slaves were thrown overboard to their death.

D’Aguiar’s other books include ‘The longest memory,’ ‘Bill of rights’ and ‘Bloodlines.’

‘Crossing the River’ is about dislocation from Africa and reconnection to Africa covering a period of 250 years of African Diaspora movement. It is written in epistolary and journal form.

Phillip’s other books include ‘A distant shore,’ ‘Cambridge’, and ‘Higher ground.’

The above writers and many others by writing back to each other on the subject are bringing new perspectives by which we may enter into the past and appreciate the sacrifice of our ancestors.

Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@yahoo.com

IV

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

A CLOUD OF WITNESSES by Ian McDonald

PREFACE by Ian McDonald

I have contributed a regular weekly column to Stabroek News for over 20 years. It has been an interesting challenge and a pleasant occupation. If I had been a different sort of writer the number of words written in this form might have produced, say, 10 good novels. More than one friend has told me my time would have been better spent that way. I have made a small selection of 100 columns from those I have written over the years. A special concern has run through these pieces.

I have wanted to place the joys and cares, the sorrows and delights, of Guyanese in a wider context than Guyana. In Guyana I think we stifle our lives too much in local worries.

Guyana, for instance, is caught in the same trap as scores of other poor and vulnerable countries. Struggling in this trap, we are certainly not uniquely wounded. We should try to see ourselves in a universal context. It has happened before, and it will happen again, that men suffer from the pains of maladministration and the frustrations of bureaucracy.

It is true elsewhere and in other times that people lie and cheat and scavenge for money and that others are brave and open-hearted and talented.

Love and hate exist beyond the seawall. Tears are salt the world over. In other lands brightness also falls from the air.

I have a suspicion that people like to have writers they read confine their work to a particular subject. But I have not been a columnist of anything in particular – not Ian McDonald economics, not sport, not business, not religion, not social commentary, not literature nor art nor drama, not international affairs. And not politics, though how men govern and misgovern other men must always be a topic of interest.

When one thinks about it, the concept of “Government” is a strange one for it assumes as its fundamental premise that certain men and women – human like you and me – can and should be allowed to take upon themselves the right (duty?) to direct the rest of us what to do, presumably for our own good. On the face of it that is a very unreasonable premise and a remarkably arrogant presumption.

Why should flesh and blood men and women, with feet of clay like anyone else, presume to think for us and act for us and push us around and mollycoddle us and punish and reward us as if they were inherently superior beings?

It doesn’t make sense, does it? Yet unless there is Government with strong executive power the lives of men in general soon become, as Thomas Hobbes pointed out long ago, “Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” The fear of anarchy is deeply ingrained in every society. All countries from time to time experience events which heighten their people’s yearning for stability at any cost. In our own case the civil war of the early 1960s, out of which independent Guyana was born, had I believe a far more profound and longer-lasting traumatic effect than is generally realised. It seems to me, then, that the following passage from Nadezda Mandelstam’s great book Hope Against Hope has a deep relevance for countries, including ours, that have known bitter turmoil.

“There has been a time when, terrified of chaos, we had all prayed for a strong system, for a powerful hand that would stem the angry human river overflowing its banks. This fear of chaos is perhaps the most permanent of our feelings - we have still not recovering from it, and it is passed on from one generation to another.

There is not one of us - either among the old who saw the Revolution or the young and innocent – who does not believe that he would be the first victim if ever the mob got out of hand. “We should be the first to be hanged from a lamp post” – whenever I hear this constantly repeated phrase, I remember Herzen’s words about the intelligentsia which so much fears its own people that it prefers to go in chains itself, provided the people, too, remain fettered.”

How do men sail safely between the Scylla of limitless dictation and the Charybdis of back to the jungle anarchy? It is a riddle that mankind has spent thousands of years trying to solve. It is a riddle that from time to time needs to be addressed.

However, I do not feel compelled to write much about politics or government. There is a good poem by Louis MacNeice called ‘A Fanfare for the Makers’. These lines from that

poem sum up a little of what I like to write about: “A cloud of witnesses. To whom? To what?

To the small fire that never leaves the sky.

To the great fire that boils the daily pot.

To all the things we are not remembered by, Which we remember and bless. To all the things That will not even notice when we die.

Yet lend the passing moment words and wings”

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

V

Daily aspirin 'cuts bowel and stomach cancer deaths'

By Smitha Mundasad Health reporter, BBC News Taking aspirin every day can reduce the chance of developing or dying from bowel and stomach cancers, a review of all available evidence suggests.

And scientists predict if everyone aged 50 and above in the UK took the drug for 10 years, some 122,000 deaths could be prevented over two decades.

But they warn aspirin can cause internal bleeding and say medical advice must be sought before using it.

The Queen Mary University of London report is in the Annals of Oncology.

Taking aspirin daily looks to be the most important thing we can do to reduce cancer after stopping smoking and reducing obesity�

Prof Jack Cuzik Queen Mary University of London Weighing up benefits Scientists examined some 200 studies investigating the benefits and harms of taking aspirin - an area of continuing medical debate.

Continued on page XVIII They found the drug reduced the number of cas-

The benefits of aspirin must be weighed against individual risks, experts warn

VI

Dentists replace missing teeth bearing in mind function

A

lmost anyone who is missing a front tooth wants it replaced especially if the loss is recent. But what if it is back tooth? Would it be necessary to replace it? The answer depends on how many teeth are missing and whether or not the empty space presents a problem. In general dental “quacks” fill missing spaces while dentists replace missing teeth bearing in mind function. If only one molar tooth is missing, for example, there is little if any benefit in its replacement if it does not participate actively in mastication. Often, it also depends on the patient’s finances.

Replacement of missing teeth can be relatively expensive and provides a major source of income to dentists. Because people are conditioned to pay for appliances and mechanical devices, it is customary to charge fees for prostheses that generate higher hourly income than for fillings. To be sure, crowns, bridges, and dentures are expensive because of the time involved and the added cost of laboratory construction, including the labor of the technician and the costs of materials. Nonetheless, when these costs are deducted from the total fee for the appliance, dentists earn more per hour for this kind of work than for most other services.

Because fees vary, reflecting the competitive dental marketplace, it is not a bad idea to obtain a few estimates whether a lot of expensive bridgework is required. But price should never be the only determinant.

As John Ruskin is quoted on the nineteenth-century market place: “There is hardly anything in this world that one man cannot make worse and sell for less. The person who considers price only is this man’s lawful prey.”

One way to “make worse and sell for less” is to rush through treatment. Good dental technique requires careful attention to details, which takes more time and not infrequently, repetition of a procedure or an impression until the correct result is achieved. The less time a dentist spends on a procedure for which a fee has been established, the higher the hourly income; therefore, the lowest priced dentist may be less able to resist the temptation to cut corners. On the other hand, there is no guarantee that a high-priced dentist will be more conscientious. The goal, then, is to locate a dentist who is competent in technique and reasonable in his or her charges. This requires that the consumer have at least a basic understanding of the basis for treatment.

Fixed bridges are virtually indistinguishable from the natural teeth, in contrast to a partial denture that is bulkier and must be removed to clean around the metal-plastic base and clasps. Yet if the larger expenditure of multiple fixed bridges is beyond one’s means, a properly designed partial denture can be comfortable as fixed bridges.

If nothing is known of a dentist’s skills, a removable bridge is the safest way to replace missing teeth. After all, if the fit is poor, it can always be thrown away. Not so with a fixed bridge that is cemented onto adjacent teeth that have been cut down for artificial crowns to which the missing teeth are attached. If the crowns are poorly done, the bridge will be lost in a few years along with the teeth.

A good fixed bridge will last a decade or longer, many for over 20 years.

When a bridge fails within a few years of placement, the reason is almost always poor care, not bad dental work. Much less expensive removable bridges or partial dentures, as they are more commonly known, last long as good fixed bridges if they are properly constructed and cared for. Patients who have resisted persuasive arguments to replace well-functioning partial dentures with fixed bridges have been known to wear the same appliance for 15 to 20 more years. An experienced dentist knows not to tinker with success and does not recommend replacements in the absence of obvious need.

Some fixed bridges, however, rival the Demerara Harbour Bridge in span, stretching from a back molar on one side to the last molar on the other side with too few supporting teeth in between. An “ear to ear” or “roundhouse” bridge costs thousands of dollars more than a removable bridge and seldom lasts longer. Too often these great bridges are monuments to the ambitions of the dentists but end up as disasters to their patients when they come loose and have to be removed along with the teeth that have decayed extensively underneath. Nevertheless, if enough strong teeth remain, if good oral hygiene is maintained, and if the dentist is experienced and conscientious, and there is legitimate need, fixed bridges, large and small, are well worth the effort and money.

Restorations seem to last longer when there is no dental insurance to pay for replacement. Willing patients and those with insurance may be receptive to suggestions that they replace crowns and bridges even when al that is required is a small gum line filling to repair a decayed margin. Most insurance plans limit coverage for crowns, bridges, and dentures to once in five years. This seems like an arbitrary limitation, but it does help prevent the worst abuses.

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

This Femme Fatale Is All Tease Foreplay

I am beginning to think I have been part of an affair for the past couple of years.

Let me start at the beginning.

Two years ago a woman and I became close, first as friends, then gradually a strong sexual attraction grew between us. For a short period of time I was in love with her and she had feelings for me as well. At that time she had been dating her boyfriend for about a year.

As we grew closer, she continued what she considered a committed relationship with him.

In the last two years she's been in what you could call a side relationship with me.

This consists of sending suggestive messages, pictures and videos to each other, sometimes as late as 3 or 4 a.m. Looking back at it, it was like phone sex. She would send naked photos of herself, and I would send action videos of myself.

We never had sex, but we touched intimately and kissed each other all over. Her boyfriend doesn't know any of this. Recently they celebrated their three year anniversary, which they spent together on a Florida vacation. I feel she will never tell her boyfriend, who she says she wants to marry and have kids with.

I would like to know if you consider this cheating on her part?

Dirk Dirk, comedian Bobcat Goldthwait began one routine by saying, "I lost my job." After a long pause he would add, "I mean, I know where my job is still. Just when I go there there's this new guy doing it."

Then he would say, "I lost my girlfriend." After a pause he would add, "I didn't really lose my girlfriend. I mean, I know where she is still. Just when I go there there's this new guy doing it."

You might have hoped once to be her new guy, but that will never happen. You're just an appetizer on her plate. Her main course is her boyfriend, and you simply rev her up for the main attraction. If she wanted you, she would have had you, but since she's using you, she'll never respect you.

What does she tell herself? "I'm not having sex with him so I'm not cheating." But, of course, she is. What do you tell yourself? "These videos are harmless." We could tell you to stop sending them, but you won't learn that lesson until one of them comes back to haunt you.

Wayne & Tamara

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Napping mule-boy

killed by tractor

B

OOKERS Demerara Sugar Estates Limited appealed against a magistrate’s decision calling on the sugar plantation to pay $900 compensation for the death of a mule-boy who was killed by a tractor while waiting for punts to be loaded.

The Full Court constituted by Chief Justice Joseph Alexander Luckhoo and Justice Sydney Miller upheld the magistrate’s decision and concluded that in the present case whether the boy was standing, sitting, reclining or napping, so long as he was on the dam awaiting the conclusion of loading of the punts he was employed in the completion of loading of the punts, he was still in the course of his employment.

The facts of the case disclosed that the respondent’s grandson was employed by the appellants as a mule-boy on their sugar plantation.

His job was to lead mules to places alongside a dam where punts were to be loaded with canes. It was usual for mule- boys to sit or sleep on the dam while awaiting the completion of the loading of the punts, and there was no rule prohibiting this.

The mules would then pull the punts to the factory.

The boy was last seen alive at 2 p.m while awaiting the completion of the loading.

At 3 p.m, while loading was still in progress it was discovered that a tractor had run over him, while he apparently was lying on the dam.

On appeal from a decision of the magistrate’s awarding compensation for the resulting death of the boy, it was argued for the appellants that if the boy went to sleep on the dam where tractors were likely to pass, he would place himself within the principle of “added peril.”

The Full Court held that : (i)Where the deceased is engaged in the employer’s work up to the time of his death and the last acts known about him are consistent with the continuance of that work, the burden is on those who allege a cessation of the work; (ii) Where it is alleged that the deceased has been guilty of a breach of regulations or has placed himself

within the principle of “added peril” the onus of proving this is upon the employer; (iii) The question of “added peril” is not one of degree but of kind, not of degree of carelessness or rashness which the workman exhibited in doing his work, but whether he is doing his work at all; (iv) In the present case whether the boy was standing, sitting, reclining or napping, so long as he was on the dam awaiting the completion of loading of the punts he was still in the course of his employment.

Appeal dismissed D.D.S. Hardyal appeared for the appellants and D.C. Jagan along with R. G. Marques for the respondent.

Judgment of the Court: “This is an appeal by the appellant company against the decision of the magistrate of the Berbice Judicial District awarding the respondent Jhondia the sum of $900 as compensation in respect of the death of her grandson, Durga Ramnarine, on October 12, 1959, as a result of an accident to the said Durga Ramnarine arising out of and in the course of his employment as a mule-boy at Plantation Rose Hall, Canje, Berbice.”

“The deceased was employed by the company to lead mules to on their plantation where punts were to be loaded with canes. While the canes are being put on to the punts, the harness is taken off the mules which are sent out to graze. The mule boys have to wait until the punts are loaded and during the interval they wait on the dam alongside where the punts are being loaded. After the punts are loaded the mules are rounded up and taken to the loaded punts to which they are hitched. The mules then pull the punts to the factory.”

“On the 12th of October, 1959 the deceased was working as a mule-boy under orders from mule boss Nabbie.

He took his mule aback and about midday it was allowed to graze awaiting the loading

of the punts.”

“The deceased was required to wait about the dam until the punts were loaded.

The deceased was last seen alive by Nabbie at about 2 p.m. At about 3 p.m while still waiting on the punts to be loaded a motor tractor driven along the dam by one Dapanna came up to where Nabbie was sitting with one Seenauth.

Seenauth got on to the tractor which was then driven off for a distance about 16 to 18 rods. Then it was discovered that the tractor had run over the deceased who apparently had been lying on the dam. The deceased right foot was bleeding and appeared to be broken.”

“The deceased was conveyed to the Public Hospital, Berbice, where he later died from the injuries he had

received. The unrebutted evidence of Nabbie disclosed that it was usual for mule-boys to sit or sleep on the dam while awaiting the completion of the loading of the punts. There was no regulation or rule forbidding them to do so. According to Nabbie the deceased when injured, was lying in a clear spot on the dam near to some bushes.”

“The grounds of appeal filed and argued by counsel for the appellant were as follows:1.The decision was erroneous in point of law because – (a) There was no evidence of cause of death; (b)There was no evidence that the accident arose out of and in the course of employment; (c)The respondent was not a dependent on her own admission.

2. The decision was unreasonable and could not be supported having regard to the evidence for the reasons given in para I (a), (b) and (c).

VII

- sugar plantation ordered to pay compensation

According to the judgment: ”The main ground of appeal; argued by counsel for the appellant company was that the deceased had placed himself within the principle of “added peril.”

“The burden of proof that the accident arose out of and in the course of employment of the deceased is on the applicant.” “Where the deceased is engaged in his employer’s work up to the time of his death, and the last acts known about him are consistent with the continuance of that work, the burden is on those who allege a cessation of the work.”

“Where it is alleged that the deceased has been guilty of a breach of regulations or has placed himself within the principle of “added peril” the

onus of proving it is upon the employer.”

Referring to the law relating to the principle of “added peril” the Judgment added: “If a workman sustains an accident while he is doing an act which is within his sphere of employment the mere fact that he has acted negligently or failed to adopt the safest method of working will not deprive him of compensation. Where, however, whether from recklessness or for any other reason, a workman does something which is no part of his employment to do, and hereby incurs a risk to which he was neither required nor authorized to expose himself an accident so caused will not arise out of the employment.”

“In the present case a mule-boy is still doing his

By George Barclay

work if he rests on the dam while awaiting the completion of the loading of his punts, he may stand, he may sit, he may recline , he may take a nap, but so long as he remains on the dam he is still in the course of his employment.”

“Applying these principles to the facts of the present case it seems clear that the accident to the deceased arose out of and in the course of his employment with the appellant company as a muleboy.”

“The grounds of appeal argued are in our opinion all without merit.”

“The appeal is dismissed and the order of the magistrate is affirmed.

Appeal is dismissed.”

VIII

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Meat Train

I

By Neil Primus

n the days when the train was in use, as it ran along the East Coast of Demerara, there were many incidents of and stories told of collision with cows, sheep and goats. Whenever this occurred, the train continued on its way and the villagers rejoiced. Fresh, free, meat!

From every home people would erupt and grab as much meat as they could.

Back at home they would immediately start

cooking or salting the meat because refrigeration was a luxury in those days.

Chug! Chug! Chug! Chug!

The noisy steam engine got closer.

Bang! Thud!

The noise was unmistakable. A cow had been hit.

As the train sped on the villagers were galvanised into action. With an assortment of pots, pans, bags and bare hands, they descended on the dead cow. In less than fifteen minutes there was little evidence of the accident.

Because of the lack of electricity, one could clearly see the many firesides being lit and pots being cooked.

That night families feasted on pepper pot, cook-up, curry and more. Excess meat was stored for later.

The next morning old Franklyn decided to cook his portion of the night’s bounty-the head. Because it was pitch dark the night before, he had not been able to do anything but store his share. Now it was broth time.

As he unwrapped the meat, he began to have a feeling of unease. Something was not right.

After carefully examination he discovered that he had stored the head of a donkey. Franklyn threw his head back and roared with laughter. He would pay anything to see the faces of those who cooked and ate the night before.

He took his time before breaking the news. As he walked slowly from house to house, he could not resist the humour of the situation. Some people shut their door and began cussing. Others immediately started throwing out the food. A few just shut their eyes and ate anyway.

Brenda was quite candid.

“De meat I buy at de butcher could be anything!

Beef, horse, donkey or human!”

She thanked Franklyn and returned to her meal a knowing smile on her face.

Three weeks later train pass, train hit animal, but only two people run out; Franklyn and Brenda. It seemed that as soon as the train hit the animal villages heard the “Hee Haw! Hee Haw!” of a donkey and they kept their door locked. Franklyn and Brenda had beef for a month. Now whenever train passes nobody does mind.

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

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(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY)

THIRSTY COW ATTACKS MAN

(The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper October 4, 1976)

STAMPS FOR DIWALI

(The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper October 21, 1976) A thirsty cow yesterday attacked a Lawyer’s clerk who was fetching a bucket of water in his yard at Stanleytown New Amsterdam, Berbice.

Fortunately the young man escaped unhurt.

Relating the incident to the Citizen, Maurice Dhanpat, 28, said that around 6 a.m he wen t to fill a bucket of water from his stand-pipe.

He was taking the water home when a black and white cow with huge horns rushed at him.

Frightened, the young man dropped the bucket of water and ran for his life.

The animal put his head in the bucket and drank out all the water but was apparently still not satisfied.

He kept licking the outside and inside of the container.

After a while the animal left, his thirst only partially quenched.

The dry season is in full swing and many ponds trenches and drains have dried up.

Cows donkeys sheep and other animals are now roaming the residential areas in search of water.

The President of the Berbice Branch of the Guyana Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Albert Benfield, also known as Captain, is appealing to citizens to be kind to animals.

SEX CHANGE OPERATION AT GT HOSPITAL (The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper October 8, 1976)

A team of two doctors and two nurses created medical history in Georgetown yesterday when they performed a sex change operation removing the male sexual organs of a teenager and making a vaginal passage.

And this morning his room sealed off from the rest of the institution and with no visitors allowed, the patient was reported to be doing fine.

The teenager had planned to have the operation done overseas but changed his mind when doctors at the Georgetown Hospital decided that they could perform the necessary surgery.

The doctors became interested in the case when the young man was noticed washing wares and linen at the hospital.

He spoke in a female voice and discussions with him revealed an unhappiness and discontent with his being a male.

He said that he had difficulty with continuing to live as a man.

For a while before the operation the teenager had been attending a clinic for hormone treatment and his breasts had grown considerably before the doctors agreed that he was ready for surgery.

There was a sex change operation here five years before but that had involved removing the male organs of a hermaphrodite-that is a person with both male and female sexual organs.

A special issue of postage and revenue stamps to commemorate the Deepavali Festival 1976 will be offered for sale to the public by the Post Office Department from today.

The stamps put up in denominations of 8 cents, 15 cents, 35 cents and 40 cents, will be on sale until December 31, 1976.

As is customary, a First Day issue will be provided at the Philatelic Bureau of the General Post Office as we’ll as the post offices at New Amsterdam, Kitty, Bourda, Mackenzie, Suddie and Bartica today.

Stamps bulletins are available free of cost from the Philatelic Bureau for mailing to friends and collectors overseas.

CORENTYNE “BUSHIE” MAN ELECTS TO GO TO JAIL (The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper October 1, 1976)

One of two men fined for being in possession of bush rum elected to go to jail when Magistrate Arthur Roberts ordered them to pay $750.

Naitram of No. 60 Village asked the Magistrate to sign his warrant after admitting to other offences for which he had been convicted..

Naitram and Kissoon Bisram pleaded guilty to being in possession of bush rum aback of No 60 village on August 25 last.

Bisram was given an alternative of six months imprisonment and he asked for time to pay the fine.

Naitram given the same opportunity elected to spend his time in prison.

SO SORRY

(The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper November 23, 1976) Due to a shortage of hand-rolls, the Citizen has had to be restricted to eight pages today. Efforts are being made to get the newsprint out of the waterfront bond and we hope to return to our regular twelve-page tomorrow.

PRAYERS-THEN THREE HOURS OF RAIN

(The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper December 1, 1976) Religious leaders in Berbice held a special prayer service over the weekend imploring the almighty for rain. And after 8 hours their prayers were answered-there was a heavy downpour lasting three hours.

The service was held at the Gangaram Government school East Canje and was attended by 200 persons.

It was sponsored by executives of the Gangaram Hindu Temple who described it as a success.

A CHICKEN WITH FOUR LEGS

(The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper November 11, 1976) Have you ever seen a chicken with four legs? Well I have.

This chicken was on show since it was hatched on Monday night to an East Coast Demerara family.

Hundreds of employees of the Georgetown Hospital and other institutions and firms along with villagers saw the chicken as it hopped along on four legs.

Evadney Wills of Bachelor’s Adventure East Coast Demerara said that her neighbour in whose pen the chicken was hatched, was afraid to handle it.

Wills said that many farmers rear chicken in the village but none had ever had that experience.

The abnormal chicken had its two feet attached normally but on each of the legs another foot was attached.

The chicken died yesterday less than twenty four hours after it was hatched and while it was being examined by employees of a city hospital.

THE CAT ATE HIS DINNER (BY DOC) (The Citizen Your Evening Newspaper September 11, 1976)

A citizen whose wife is in hospital went home one evening after a hard day’s work and prepared some chicken curry and rice for dinner.

After he had finished cooking, he left the meal on the kitchen table and went off to answer a call of nature.

The pungent odour of the curry attracted the next door neighbour’s cat and when the man returned he was enraged to see the cat eating his dinner.

He grabbed a broom and chased the animal all the way to the gate of the yard next door where he encountered its owner.

“Why the hell you don’t feed you cat… you know it eat out me food?” shouted the angry and hungry fellow.

“Why the hell you don’t cover you food? Is a dumb animal,” responded the woman.

After the brief exchange the man dealt the woman a lash with the broom and later found himself before the court.

He pleaded guilty to the charge but explained that he had not eaten since morning since his wife was in hospital and could not have cooked for him.

He was reprimanded and discharged.

(Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@gmail.com or cell phone # 657 2043)

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

A new twist on an old hotdog The kids will be at home and what a better way to entertain them than to have some hotdogs on the grill and have a home picnic… (http://www.realsimple. com/) Steak House Dog Ingredients * 4 hot dogs * 4 hot dog buns, split * 2 plum tomatoes, sliced * 1/4 white onion, thinly sliced * 1/4 cup steak sauce Directions 1. Cook the hot dogs according to the package directions.

2. Place a hot dog in each bun and, dividing evenly, top with the tomatoes, onion, and steak sauce.

ted

Guacamole Dog Ingredients * 4 hot dogs * 1 avocado, peeled and pit-

* 1 tablespoon fresh lime juice * kosher salt and black pepper * 4 hot dog buns, split * 4 small romaine lettuce leaves * 1/4 small red onion, chopped * hot sauce (such as Tabasco), for drizzling Directions 1. Cook the hot dogs according to the package directions.

2. In a medium bowl, mash the avocado with the lime juice; season with ¼ teaspoon each salt and pepper.

3. Place a hot dog in each bun and, dividing evenly, top with the lettuce, mashed avocado, and onion. Drizzle with the hot sauce.

How to Dress Sharp: Tips for Young Men (http://www.realmenrealstyle.com/) Too many young men are starting their professional lives without a clue as to how to dress. This needs to change; young men are the future leaders of society and dressing professionally is the first step towards becoming professional. And although clothing does not make the man – the right clothing can give him precious seconds to make his case and influence others. * Dress Your Footwear Up: A traditional school of thought that’s still alive and well claims you can judge a man by his shoes. If you’ve never owned really good shoes before, brace yourself and get ready to pay a significant amount of money for well-made, classic footwear. * Dress to Look Older: The way you dress is the way you are perceived. If you’re still wearing clothes that scream “student days” you’re going to be treated like a boy with no experience in the real world. Buck the trend, age your look a little, and get the respect you deserve from older men.

That means raiding your wardrobe and getting rid of the majority of your ultra-casual clothes. * Ignore Fashion Trends: Main-stream fashion trends to

change too fast to make useful wardrobe staples.

Most young men don’t have the budget to buy new pants every month or two — so stay away from pants that are only presentable during an “in” season jeans too beat-up to wear in public.

Stick to classic clothing staples for the core of your wardobe and avoid anything that’s too far out on the cutting edge — even if you see something that makes it

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look good. * Replace T-shirts with Polos and Sport Shirts : Wearing T-shirts to the gym or when you are performing house chores is fine. But wearing T-shirts to social events or to work is a no-no, especially when the shirt is too big and made from a shoddy fabric advertising the company who gave it to you a decade ago. A good polo in a simple, dark colour is always presentable and always flattering if it’s fitted well. * Have Some Dark, Fitted Jeans and Know When to Wear Them: Jean styles are always changing: rips, tears, acid and bleach washing, distressed, stone washed, boot cut, wide leg, low rise, skinny; baggy. Keep it simple with

Continued on page XIX

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Rani Mukerji beats Kareena Kapoor to be the sexiest Marathi babe of Bollywood!

The Mardaani actor’s transformation for her last release didn’t earn her much brownie points at the box office, but like they her efforts have not gone waste Rani Mukerji beat Kareena Kapoor Khan to win BollywoodLife’s Sexiest Marathi babe poll. Yes, soon after Bebo stepped into a modern version of Marathi traditional gear created by ace designer Manish Malhotra, we couldn’t help but ask our loyalist, which B-town heroine looked the hottest Marathi babe on screen. And here are the results…

Rani Mukerji‘s Aiyyaa avatar won hands down. Taking a lead with 50 percent (3386) votes Aditya Chopra’s wifey certainly sizzled in her makeover. This was no surprise considering that Rani’s hatke look had garnered enough publicity for the film. Not to forget her Dreamum wakeupam act with southern hottie Prithviraj was also loved by the audience.

Kareena Kapoor‘s red and black ensemble certainly added the much needed glam quotient to Singham Returns Yo Yo Honey Singh song Aata majhi satakli. However, seems like Malhotra’s twist to the kashta saree didn’t earn him a thumbs up. Kareena nonetheless looked sizzling in this act and stood second after her Mujhse Dosti Karoge co-star with 35 percent (2348) votes.

Chitrangada Singh’s I want fakhta you number from Joker stood at number three with 13 percent (834) votes, while Vidya Balan’s not so boombat act in Ferrrai Ki Sawaaari got her the last spot

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Kangana Ranaut’s peek-a-boob moment The Queen babe stepped out in style for a magazine cover launch recently in Mumbai Kangana Ranaut looked smoking hot when she launched the Grazia magazine latest cover featuring herself in one of her stylish avatars. But her appearance in person grabbed a lot more eyeballs, than this sexy photoshoot. The reason, Kangana’s peek-a-’boob’ attire.

While the actor sported Burberry maroon suit in the cover, an outfit she had worn for one of her red carpet appearances in the recent past. It was her coral blue clingy Burberry dress that caught everybody’s eyes.

Blame it on Kangy’s enviable curves or the little extra skin show that only Ms Ranaut can pull off. She looked stunning and bold as ever.

So while most Bollywood heroines would have played it safe, trust Kangana to thrown caution to the winds. We totally liked her bindaas style statement, even though some cameras got stuck to that one frame that had a slight show of her ample bosom.

BollywoodLifers, here’s Kangana’s peek-a-boo moment. Unless like us if you’d rather focus at this stunning fashionista’s one of the most sexy appearance.

Sunny Leone shoots for item number in Kannada film DK! The former adult actress is making waves in South Indian cinema with her unmatched oomph.

After doing item numbers and erotic cinema in Bollywood, Sunny Leone has taken the Silk route to South in 2014. After setting the screen on fire in her Tamil debut Vadacurry with a sexy dance number, the Ragini MMS 2 star is gearing up for her Kannada debut with an item number in DK. Sunny Leone was recently in Bangalore shooting for the item song called Seshamma Seshamma for the film starring Sandalwood star Prem. A source close to the film unit revealed,” She has been shooting with us for the last three days at a set specially erected for the song. We are likely to finish shooting the song today (on August 4). It’s a folk song and audiences are surely going to enjoy seeing Sunny groove to it”.

The baby doll of Bollywood is even shooting for a her first Telugu flick, Current Teega, with Manoj Manchu. The voluptuous babe has gone deglam for the role of a school teacher in the film. With Nargis Fakhri also grooving for a Tamil item number, we wonder if the sexy Jism 2 star has started a new trend of Bollywood babes doing item numbers down south. We bet our South Indian film buffs have nothing to complain about this trend in item songs as long as these ravishing divas

What is Aditya Roy Kapur obsessed with?

Most actors are known for their obsessions and the Daawat-eIshq star is no exception A little birdie tells us that Aditya Roy Kapur, who played a compulsive drinker in Aashiqui 2 has a real-life obsession too,

but not with drinks. So what is it, you ask? We hear that Aditya loves bikes, so much so that they not only have a place outside his house but also inside it.

He has a huge show-piece of a two-wheeler, at home. Apparent-

ly, it’s a Royal Enfield miniature that’s placed at the entrance of his drawing room. Apart from that, the Daawat-e-Ishq actor also has lots of biking books and motorcycle-related items in his house.

Aditya, who is a bike enthusiast, owns Royal Enfield and a sports bike, Triumph.

Reportedly, when he bought the second one, he decided to keep the Enfield because he felt emotionally attached to

it! Well now, that’s what we call passion… Anyways, the Aashiqui 2 actor is known to attend various bike events and is often riding his motorbike.

So keep an eye out, the biker next to you could be him!

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

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Saidi Balogun With Fathia, 'Talks' About 'Life After Marriage' After filing for a divorce in court so as to enable each other go their separate ways, Nollywood actor, Saidi Balogun and Fathia Williams (Balogun), may be finding their way back into fans heart as they both featured in the same movie.

In the yet to be released movie, Fathia Williams as she is now known, was seen acting along her ex-hubby Saidi and this was courtesy of Nollywood actress, Mercy Aigbe.

The movie ‘Life after Marriage,’ which is being directed by Lancelot Odua Imaseun, stars the likes of veteran actor, Olu Jacobs, Saidi Balogun, Fathia Balogun, Seun Akindele, Funsho Adeolu, Jumoke George, Jude Orhoha, and Ghanaian actress, Juliet Ibrahim.

Bobby Obodo May Remain Abroad Due To Ebola Outbreak The outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa is causing fears around the world and efforts are being made to ensure more people do not contract the deadly disease. Already, some countries have put out measures to screen those coming into their territories.

Some days ago, Jim Iyke disclosed that he was leaving Liberia due to Ebola, despite not concluding the business he went there for. Fans even said he should be screened immediately he enters Nigeria.

Nollywood actor, Bobby Obodo, who is presently not in the country, may not return to Nigeria anytime soon if he adheres to the advice of his doctor. According to him, his doctor has begged him to avoid coming into Africa, especially West Africa for now because of Ebola.

“As I looked at my doctor advising (almost begging) me to avoid coming to Africa (especially West Africa) for now, I know say our own don finish,” he said.

The Man I Want To Marry — Ngozi Nwosu Reveals Veteran Nollywood actress, Ngozi Nwosu, who is already over 50, has disclosed that she is ready to walk down the aisle as soon as she finds the right man.

The actress, in an interview with The Nation, said it is only a dead person that doesn't have admirers, while saying that as long as she remains in the public eyes, men will still admire her. “It is only a dead meat (person) that doesn't have admirers. So long as you are in a public eye, men will admire you. You are bound to be admired by the good, the bad and the ugly. It’s for you to say, ‘thank you! It’s all good! It’s well,” she said. Ngozi further disclosed that she loves men who are handsome and brainy at the same time.

“My ideal man, frankly, is a man that has the fear of God, which is the beginning of wisdom. If a man doesn't have the fear of God, forget it! Every other thing you are doing is rubbish, and between you and me, how many men have the fear of God,” she said.

I Can’t Beg A Man To Marry Me —Halima Abubakar Nollywood actress, Halima Abubakar, has said the reason for still being single is because she has not been able to get the right man to walk her to the altar.

The make-believe star explained that she cannot just settle down with anybody that comes her way, stressing that she does not want to rush into marriage and later rush out of it.

Halima pointed out that men have mistrust problem, which has even made some of them unable to identify a lady that truly loves them.

“There is lots of mistrust and we also have many irresponsible men so to speak. There are lots and lots of liars among men out there. And if they meet a girl that really loves them, they won’t know because they are used to lying,” she affirmed.

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

XIAOMI HAS ARRIVED! Forget Samsung, Xiaomi is China's new smartphone king

The upstart Chinese smartphone maker has knocked Samsung off its throne in China, shipping more units than its South Korea-based rival for the first time in the second quarter.

The performance is the latest indication that Xiaomi has evolved from niche player in China to a major force in its home market.

The company, founded just four years ago by Lei Jun, captured 14% of the Chinese market in the second quarter. That translates to 15 million smartphones, a 240% improvement over the same period last year.

In a nod to the competitiveness of the smartphone business in China, Xiaomi has only a narrow lead over its rivals. Samsung, Lenovo, Yulong and Huawei all have more than 10% of the market.

Samsung, in particular, is expected to rebound in the third quarter.

Xiaomi does now need to deliver LTE products in China to address growing demand for 4G services if it is to retain its momentum.

Xiaomi is still relatively unknown outside China, the destination for 97% of its shipments in the second quarter. But the company has been quietly stockpiling tech talent as it builds a business worth more than $10 billion.

The turnaround is rapid, and Xiaomi updates its Android operating system every Friday, much to the delight of its obsessed fans.

Stop sharing USB Flash drives - right now!

It's time to start thinking of smartphones and USB Flash drives like toothbrushes or razors -for personal use only.

German security researchers have discovered that USB-connected devices have a fatal flaw. Anything that connects via USB can be reprogrammed to pose as another device.

That means a stranger's USB stick could dupe your computer into thinking it's a keyboard, then type in certain commands and quietly take control of your laptop.

Or it could pose as a network card, rerouting your Internet traffic so everything you do can be spied on.

Identity theft, bank fraud, extortion - you name it. Anything follows. And any talented computer engineer can tamper with a device's firmware to dupe a computer.

The problem is made worse, because modern day antivirus and protection software won't catch it. USB duping isn't technically a computer virus in action, just a device masquerading as another one. So, there's no solution for it right now except simply barring Flash drives. So next time you lend your flash think before you act!

Microsoft Announces August Update To Windows 8.1, But Don’t Call It Update 2

Microsoft has a number of upgrades coming for Windows 8.1 on August 12, but the company announced in a blog post that the new features and tweaks don’t constitute an “Update 2″ to the operating system.

So what is coming in the non-Update 2 August release? Trackpad improvements, better SharePoint Online integration, and Wi-Fi API updates for external developers. Good stuff, but not on the same size-scale as Update 1.

Update 1 to Windows 8.1 was a large release, improving the boot preferences of the operating system, expanding device support, and also adding new user interface elements that made the platform far easier to use.

The company explains that by saying that it is committed to shipping updates more rapidly, and not saving up new code to release as a group, as with Update 1. If you use a Windows machine, in other words, you can expect your machine to improve month-by-month.

Russian criminals steal 1.2 billion passwords Russian criminals have stolen 1.2 billion Internet user names and passwords, amassing what could be the largest collection of stolen digital credentials in history.

That the trove includes credentials gathered from over 420,000 websites -- both smaller sites as well as household names.

Hackers from Russia and Eastern Europe are known for launching sophisticated cyber-attacks for financial gain. Beyond spam, organized crime syndicates in the region have engaged in more sophisticated activities like corporate espionage and the theft of credit-card details.

The extent of the theft shows people need to better manage their credentials. Most people keep the same password for multiple services, such as banking, email and social media accounts. That allows hackers to turn a single password database into a treasure trove. My advice is to use different passwords for different accounts. Add special characters, numbers, symbols...make it strong!

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

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Jagdish Chandra Bose - First to prove that plants too have feelings

J

agdish Chandra Bose, born November 30, 1858 and died November 23, 1937, was the first to prove that plants too have feelings. He invented wireless telegraphy a year before Marconi patented his invention.

Jagdish Chandra Bose was an eminent Indian scientist. He was the first to prove that plants and metals too have feelings.

Jagdish Chandra Bose was born on November 30, 1858 in Mymensingh (now in Bangladesh). His father Bhagabanchandra Bose was a Deputy Magistrate. Jagadish Chandra Bose had his early education in village school in Bengal medium. In 1869, Jagadish Chandra Bose was sent to Calcutta to learn English and was educated at St.Xavier's School and College. He was a brilliant student. He passed the B.A. in physical sciences in 1879.

In 1880, Jagdishchandra Bose went to England. He studied medicine at London University, England, for a year but gave it up because of his own ill health. Within a year he moved to Cambridge to take up a scholarship to study Natural Science at Christ's College Cambridge.

In 1885, he returned from abroad with a B.Sc. degree and Natural Science Tripos (a special course of study at Cambridge).

After his return Jagadish Chandra Bose, was offered lectureship at Presidency College, Calcutta on a salary half that of his English colleagues. He accepted the job but refused to draw his salary in protest. After three years the college ultimately conceded his demand and Jagdish Chandra Bose was paid full salary from the date he joined the college. As a teacher Jagdish Chandra Bose was very popular and engaged the interest of his students by making extensive use of scientific demonstrations. Many of his students at the Presidency College were destined to become famous in their own right. These included Satyendra Nath Bose and Meghnad Saha.

In 1894, Jagadish Chandra Bose decided to devote himself to pure research. He converted a small enclosure adjoining a bathroom in the Presidency College into a laboratory. He carried out experiments involving refraction, diffraction and polarization. It would not be wrong to call him as the inventor of wireless telegraphy. In 1895, a year before Guglielmo Marconi patented this invention he had demonstrated its functioning in public.

Jagdish Chandra Bose later switched from physics to the study of metals and then plants. He fabricated a highly sensitive "coherer," the device that detects radio waves. He found that the sensitivity of the coherer decreased when it was used continuously for a long period and it regained its sensitivity when he gave the device some rest. He thus concluded that metals have feelings and memory.

Jagdish Chandra Bose showed experimentally plants too have life. He invented an instrument to record the pulse of plants and connected it to a plant. Jagdish Chandra Bose The plant, with its roots, was carefully picked up and dipped up to its stem in a vessel containing bromide, a poison.

The plant's pulse beat, which the instrument recorded as a steady to-and-fro movement like the pendulum of a clock, began to grow unsteady. Soon, the spot vibrated violently and then came to a sudden stop. The plant had died because of poison.

Although Jagdish Chandra Bose did invaluable work in Science, his work was recognised in the country only when the Western world recognised its importance. He founded the Bose Institute at Calcutta, devoted mainly to the study of plants. Today, the Institute carries research on other fields too.

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Americans on average eat 18 acres of pizza every day.

Humans have 46 chromosomes, peas have 14 and crayfish have 200.

Some ribbon worms will eat themselves if they cant find any food!

The world’s oldest piece of chewing gum is over 9,000 years old!

About 3000 years ago, most Egyptians died by the time they were 30!

Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, every time you breathe!

Slugs have 4 noses!

Lightning strikes about 6,000 times per minute on this planet!

It was once against the law to slam your car door in a city in Switzerland!

Honeybees have a type of hair on their eyes!

Americans consume almost half of the world’s annual chocolate products Every Russian and American space voyage has included chocolate bars.

Chocolate is not particularly high in caffeine. You would have to eat ten chocolate bars to get the same amount of caffeine as you find in a single cup of coffee.

Chocolate is good for you — unfortunately, its additives aren’t!

Pure cocoa powder is full of iron and antioxidants. Add sugar or butter, though, and the calories begin to mount.

In Tokyo, a bicycle is faster than a car for most trips of less than 50 minutes!

Human body is creating and killing 15 million red blood cells per second!

More germs are transferred shaking hands than kissing.

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014 The fastest speed a falling raindrop can hit you is 18mph.

Each rubber molecule is made of 65,000 individual atoms.

One in every 2000 babies is born with a tooth.

The banana "tree" is not really a tree, but a giant herb. The bananais the fruit of this herb.

The cluster of bananas sold in supermarkets is a "hand" of bananas, while the individual bananas on the hand are called fingers.

The yellow bananas that are most often sold in supermarkets are sometimes called "dessert bananas" because they are soft and sweet.

It is believed by many experts that bananas were the first fruit cultivated by humans.

Alexander the Great first came across bananas in India in 327 B.C. Bananas were introduced to the United States at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Celebration, where they were sold wrapped in foil for 10 cents each.

The average American consumes 28 pounds of bananas per year.

Worldwide, bananas are the fourth largest fruit crop.

India is the #1 banana producer in the world.

In Uganda, bananas are such a big part of the diet that the same word, matooke, is used for both "food" and "banana."

The song "Yes, We Have No Bananas" was released in 1923 and became a huge hit. It refers to the banana shortage at the time.

In 2001, Britain recorded 300 incidents of injuries related to bananas.

The majority of these involved people slipping on banana peels.

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Daily aspirin 'cuts bowel ..

From page V es and deaths from bowel, stomach and oesophageal cancer by some 30-40%.

There was weaker and more variable evidence that the drug reduced deaths from breast, prostate and lung cancer too.

And the study found people needed to take the drug for at least five years to see any benefits.

Prof Jack Cuzick, at Queen Mary University

of London, who led the research, urged all healthy people aged 50 and above to consider taking a small dose (75mg) of the drug every day for a decade.

Researchers predicted if 1,000 individuals aged 60 took the drug for 10 years, a further decade later there would be: * 16 fewer deaths from cancer

* One fewer death from heart attack * Two extra deaths from bleeding Prof Cuzick, who has been taking aspirin for four years, said: "Whilst there are some serious side-effects that can't be ignored, taking aspirin daily looks to be the most important thing we can do to reduce cancer after stopping smoking and reducing obesity, and will

probably be much easier to implement."

Individual risks They found benefits continued even when people stopped taking the drug, but say it is unclear exactly how long people should use it for.

As the risk of internal bleeding rises as an individual gets older, they suggest a cut-off point of 10 years.

There is still uncertainty whether other doses of the drug could offer more protection.

Aspirin's well known possible side-effects include bleeding in the stom-

ach and the brain.

And while the study suggests 122,000 lives could be saved if everyone in the UK aged 50-64 took the drug, this is balanced against the estimated 18,000 deaths from side-effects.

Experts warn anyone at high risk of bleeding, including people with blood disorders who take blood thinning medication, or are frequent smokers or drinkers, are more likely to suffer these side-effects.

They recommend anyone considering daily medication should speak to their doctors to discuss individual risks.

Dr Julie Sharp, at Can-

cer Research UK, said: "Aspirin is showing promise in preventing certain types of cancer, but it's vital that we balance this with the complications it can cause.

"Before aspirin can be recommended for cancer prevention, some important questions need to be answered and tests need to be developed to predict who is likely to have side-effects."

Exactly how aspirin protects against cancer is unknown. Scientists suggest it may reduce inflammation or act on blood cells that would otherwise encourage the spread of the disease.

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014 From page XI and stick to fitted jeans in a dark color, sans fading or rips. You can wear them with a fitted T-shirt for a relaxed, casual look or dress them up with a buttoned shirt and a sport coat for a business-casual style.

The DOs And DON’Ts of Workplace Makeup (http://www.glamour. com/) * DON’T do fake lashes in the office: Now don’t get us wrong—we love all things lash-related—but save the faux lashes for Saturday night. Can you imagine if a few fell off mid meeting? Or if you had a glue malfunction to manage during a conference call? Falsies and photocopies just don’t

mix. * DO master the pretty faux-glow makeup look: Benefit makeup pro Annie Ford Danielson swears that the key to making bronzer look natural is “blending…into your hairline and down to your décolleté.” Another sneaky trick? Apply a matte bronzer like Benefit’s Hoola with a large makeup brush, for a polished, office-appropriate finish. * DON’T do the frosted or (gasp!) glittery lip thing: There are too many pretty pinks and nude lipsticks out there to go the frosted, chalky route. This kind of lip colour does nothing but wash out your face, and it can look a little young not to mention distracting in a professional setting. Skip it. * DO stash a pretty, pinkish neutral lip colour in your desk drawer: Jessica Biel is sporting a downright dreamy nudish-pink lip colour. While she’s shown wearing it at night, this is a great option for the workday (even if yours starts in the wee morning hours). It’ll subtly perk up your entire face but won’t leave those yucky rims on your coffee cup or seem too loud for a 9 A.M. meeting.

XIX

XX

Visual processes 'critical for sharp mind'

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

By Smitha Mundasad Health reporter, BBC News

Scientists say they have uncovered a basic process that may help explain why some people's thinking skills decline with age.

Research indicates as individuals begin to have difficulties interpreting simple images, their overall intelligence falls too.

Psychologists suggest this ability to glean information at a glance may play a critical role in how we deal with more complex tasks.

The study appears in Current Biology.

Psychologists from the University of Edinburgh studied 600 healthy 70-year-olds for six years.

'Flashing images' Each took a series of tests designed to check complex thinking skills and compare these with how accurately they could process simple visual information.

Intelligence tests included memorising lists of numbers and then repeating them backwards and sorting words into alphabetical order before reciting them.

To measure visual processing, participants watched a computer screen as two different sized shapes flashed up.

Some images appeared for as few as six milliseconds while others were present for up to 200 milliseconds.

They were asked to correctly identify the shape with the longest edge.

As people got older, their ability to do well in this task decreased.

And the worse their scores As they got older, fewer people were able to correctly on the visual processing tests, identify flashing shapes (Visual) the worse they did in more complex intelligence tasks.

"Predictive power' Dr Stuart Ritchie, a lead researcher in the study, said: "The results suggest the brain's ability to make correct decisions based on brief visual impressions limits the efficiency of more complex mental functions.

"Since the declines are so strongly related, it might be easier under some circumstances to use the shape test to chart a participant's cognitive decline than it would be to sit them down and give them a full, complicated battery of IQ tests."

Dr James Thompson, of University College London, who was not involved in the research, told the BBC: "This is important work.

"We know older people's mental processes start to slow over time. But we don't know exactly why this happens.

"This research makes us question whether the reason we start to slow up in old age is because the speed at which we apprehend the world slows down."

Scientists say these types of cognitive skills are important in everyday activities such as making decisions regarding money.

"As our population ages it is will be increasingly important to understand the basic mechanisms behind these changes in intelligence.," Dr Ritchie told the BBC

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

XXI

YEOVIL

Reeks Of Pleasant Serenity That Seemingly Soothe The Senses

G

By Alex Wayne

smelling smoke in all directions. Just a sprinkling of youths passed occasionally on bicycles, while in two areas of the village men were seen relaxing lazily under plum trees, shielding themselves from the blistering rays of the sun.

All around cows and sheep were chomping gleefully on juicy looking grass and other vegetation while a few horses galloped freely in an open field, causing some ‘stray pigs’ to dash off squealing in shock and surprise at the sudden intrusion.

I was lost as to where to turn until a smiling young man got off of his motor cycle and curiously asked of my reason for visiting. We struck up a conversation and in no time were both laughing our head off like old pals.

Winston Murray, as he is called, led me to a makeshift stool under a mango tree and even pelted down two of the juice-laden fruit which he offered to me with a smile.

Enquiring on the almost solemn ambience of the village he related that the village was maybe one of the quietest in Berbice, explaining that residents existed by humble means.

“Yeovil is the land of the forgotten… (giggles) Nothing really goes on here and no one seems to remember us. As a matter of fact, many people are unaware that this small village exists. We do not have any facilities here to keep us properly entertained, and as such we have learnt to make do with what we have and most certainly have to be contented…… This

uyana is indeed well known for its many exotic villages, and many of these pristine locations are often not known of because persons never regarded them with deserved importance, or may have just missed them altogether because of the their geographical locations.

Whatever the reasons, Yeovil on the West Coast of Berbice is indeed one of the quaint locations in Guyana that reeks of pleasant serenity that seemingly soothe the senses, even as it exudes a somewhat comforting awe at its quiet existence.

Located at just about over 50 miles from the Garden City of Georgetown, Yeovil is a very small village with a population that has not yet reached a thousand, according to residents. With no more than thirty households, this village is a brilliant fusion of lush green pastures, vast open fields, healthy looking rice fields, abundant fruit trees and a cluster of colourful houses lending a pleasant picturesque aura to the location.

This village is predominantly inhabited by people of African descent, but a sprinkling of East Indians and mixed races can also be found there. They all live together in quiet harmony, filling the sunlight skies with their mirthful laughter, and their cheery chattering as the sun fades majestically in the evenings.

Yeovil, is said by many to be a large commercialised agricultural landholding with associated buildings and other Welcome to the peaceful and tranquil Yeovil facilities in Guyana. Its centre lies at a latitude of 6.4488600 and longitude of -57.6421100, and also has an elevation of one metre above sea level.

Residents of the closely-knit community, who are all related, earn their living mostly from rice, cash-crop and livestock farming, while some operate businesses, including a grocery, general store and a beauty salon.

Our arrival We arrived in the village just around 11:00 hours and were somewhat taken back by the almost eerie silence that seemed to envelope the village. Though there was a definite brilliance and ‘country shine’ to the location, it was very disappointing to note that there hardly seemed to be anyone moving around.

The unnerving stillness was broken occasionally by the passing of a few vehicles or the sudden roar of motor cycles as they coughed and chugged along the roadside spewing foul

village is a really nice place and we are okay with our little farming and other odd jobs that we engage in to survive….

This village is very quiet, and is certainly suited for persons who desire the softer side of life…..”

Exploring the very breezy village we encountered the aged and very cheery farmer, William Thomas who took us into his backyard as he narrated his tales on issues surrounding the village.

His lush looking kitchen garden, a short distance from the roadside was thriving with various vegetables and plantain suckers. He told a stirring story of toiling in the broiling sun to develop and level his land to have it fit for gardening purposes. He said since drainage still bothers them from time to time in the village his feat of raising the land above flooding level was not easy.

He cultivates a wide variety of vegetables and ground provisions for home consumption and sale in the village.

One who has traversed the area will certainly remember the days when most of Yeovil featured wide pastures, dense foliage, and the many farms and gardens owned by the few settlers and persons from around the village.

Self Help Indulgence What struck me and was very pleasing to the eyes is the manner in which villagers exuded a ‘ready to go attitude’ and seemed ready to ‘fix things’ in the village and not wait on the relevant authorities who sometimes seems to drag their feet on issues.

As we walked about the village, a few young men could be seen cleaning up their yards, overgrown with bushes, while others were observed executing alterations to their homes.

We were very surprised when we were told that some of the more magnificent buildings in the village were built by villagers. Some villagers noted that instead of waiting for ages for the relevant authorities to ‘fix things in the village, residents would often join forces to clean up and beautify their surroundings We were indeed amazed at the contentment and simplicity of almost every villager.

Throughout our entire visit there was no unnecessary fuss and bitter complaints like we may have experienced in several other villages visited.

Residents seemed more

Continued on page XXII

XXII

YEOVIL prone on ‘fixing things’ in their village than on waiting on related authorities or for miracles to happen.

Chatting with Sherman James who was visiting residents in the village we learnt that persons there are quite contented with their ‘self-created professions.’

Yonette Graham has been selling at her food stall inside her yard for the past seven years and her ‘countryside delicacies’ are greatly anticipated by persons traversing the area.

“I have been doing this job for over 17 years, and trust me, I do enjoy it. I mean sales can be up and down at times, but I know ‘every day is not Christmas.’ This is what I do and it pays me also. Our entire country has an unemployment problem and if everyone come up with simple ways of earning an honest dollar, then it would not impact on them so significantly” Philip Nedd a rice farmer was almost equally assertive of James’s statements.

“This has been my profession for over eight years, and I am content with what it brings me. It doesn’t get me a big fortune or anything like that, but it keeps my head above the water. I mean…. All over the world people have to work to earn, and it would be a stupid thing to sit and frown about the unemployment crisis in one’s country when there are so many things an individual could do to earn legally.”

Yeovil in times gone by PEOPLE in the western Somerset town in England are familiar with Yeovil.

But many do not know that 10,000 miles away in South America, Guyana lies another small village of the exactly the same name.

As history would dictate the existence of Yeovil, in Guyana, was brought to light not so long ago by a foreigner, Michael Clark, who spent time in the country for work several years ago. As he would have mentioned many people have no idea about our country’s colonial history – that the British Empire once included Guyana, where the people speak English and that there are towns here named after English places.

He noted that the history of Guyana is greatly linked also with that of Mother Africa Villages such as Yeovil are now traditionally based on sugar plantation names given at the time the plantations were set up. The Berbice area of what is now Guyana was formally named as British Guiana in 1831. And history suggests that the original British migrant owners were either from Yeovil, Somerset, or had some connection to these areas.

Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and Bath are similar examples of plantation names in Berbice, Guyana.

The very camera-shy and elderly Dorsette Gibbons was ready to shed light on the makings of Yeovil before its gradual transformation which is still transcending today.

“Just after the days of slavery Yeovil was just a scatter of houses in the centre of vast pastures. We had no lights really and some areas were really muddy. The roads and dams were really bad. It was quite difficult for farmers to get to their rice fields and provision farms. Often times we were flooded when rain fell heavily, and we had no proper drainage here. In my time as little girl we would use trench water sometimes for cooking and washing , since the few stand pipes would only give water when the pressure is good. The bottle lamps were quite popular then, and we would even use them to catch crabs at nights or to pick up mangoes in the wee hours of the morning during mango season.”

Mrs. Gibbons explained that the donkey and horse drawn carts were popular forms of transport, but that the train was also a main feature. She noted that many lived in logies (thatched roof houses) for many years before the arrival of the many impressive buildings that are there today.

Today the village has a nursery school, a single church for worship and a lone shop that sells groceries and other necessities. Despite the lack of entertainment facilities and other amenities, Yeovill however boasts a distinct pleasant ambience that relaxes the mind upon your very first visit

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014 Come let’s prance in the sandy streets of Yeovil

for improvement in the areas of sports and entertainment.

“This is a very quiet village with very simple people. But it appears as if the world has forgotten about us. We have so much wide open land spaces, yet we do not have a proper playground for our youths to engage in leisure time activity.

The children are more than bored because there is really nothing here to entertain them. We have no nightclubs, hardly any shops, or boutiques… There is really nothing here when you come to think of it. To get proper entertainment we have to travel as far as Hopetown, or hose distant villages. Why can’t we have at least a few facilities of our own? There is really nothing for our youths here in this village…. While there may be at least one area set up for playing of basketball, we definitely need a large play ground where we can have sporting events, horse races, and other stuff like some other villages” Bumping into a group of young men munching on genips by the roadside we learnt that the lack of a health centre or hospital in the village was also an issue of great concern They noted that it’s quite gruelling for pregnant mothers having to travel a great distance for medical attention, as well as persons with other ailments. They were also appealing to relevant authorities to make available sporting gear for talented sports oriented youths, since there is no scope for development in the areas of sports and entertainment.

Employment While there seems not to be an employment problem in this village, some residents are actually hoping however that an industrial entity of some sort can be erected to offer longterm employment for many.

As it is right now, many villagers are rice farmers are engaged in the cultivation of rice. There are just a few farmers remaining in the village, and a sprinkling of poultry farmers engaged in the rearing of chickens for meat and eggs.

That aside a few have gotten jobs as teachers at the nursery school in the village while others have taken up jobs in stores and administrative offices outside the village. Everyone in Yeovil is industrious and as such residents are engaged in jobs of every imaginable nature to sustain their survival.

Enjoying a ‘village stroll’ in the cool of the evening

Conclusion Yeovil may not have much to offer in terms of entertainment and economic boost, or may not be a village bustling with activity. But after visiting this location you will admit that the love and good spirits that exist among residents has surely added a dazzle and certain ‘countryside sparkle’ to the otherwise almost dismal village.

And while we are at it, and may debate the fact that Yeovil is a village forgotten by many, with a little sprucing up and alteration it can become one of the most exotic spots in the lineup of very impressive villages on the West Coast of Berbice.

Do pay them a visit folks; you will love the peace and serenity that exists there…

Rushing off to get food seasoning for an impatient mother

Interacting with residents Yeoville does not enjoy the many luxuries present in other villages we have visited, and residents were more than ready to expound on this issue.

Yonette Williams was adamant that there is absolute need

Trying out his luck at catching ‘bush fish’ in the many trenches of Yeovil

Rushing off to evening aca

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

XXIII The Yeovil Nursery School

Taking a trip to Berbice? Make sure you stop in and sample the snacks sold by ‘Mama.’ They are items to die for…

Who said country gyals ain’t fashionable is making de biggest understatement of de century

ademic lessons

Gas for cooking purposes is brought to residents by special trucks

Youths returning to the village after their rampage on the genip trees

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

YEOVIL This feisty heifer seems annoyed at being interrupted from her morning meal of juicy vegetation

The drains in the village certainly need cleaning

The lone variety store in the village

Even the sheep seem to enjoy the quiet peace and tranquility at Yeovil

Some residents lamented the presence of this ‘eyesore’ along the roadside

Young girls engage in their ‘girlish theatrics’ outside the variety shop in Yeovil

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

XXV

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RAKSHA BANDHAN

O

By: Parmanand Sukhu

nce again Guyanese observe RAKSHA BANDHAN (Bond of Protection) popularly known as ‘RAKHI’.

Throughout the Indian world it is an auspicious day for sisters to tie a sacred thread on the wrist of their brothers to keep alive their love and affection towards them. It is a blessing for the welfare of the brothers and also to remind them of their duty to protect their sisters.

The tying of RAKHI brings two hearts together purely on the basis of a brotherly and sisterly love, and is one of the significant events of the Indian Cultural Calendar.

Such observances and their celebrations are streams of the culture which keep alive the community by maintaining the value of life.

There is a popular story which gives the origin of the present form.

In Rajasthan, India, a Kshatrya widow, Queen Padmini was ruling the Kingdom of Chattor Grah. Once she was attacked by her enemies, and in order to protect herself and her kingdom, she sent a RAKHI (sacred thread) through her messenger to the Moghal Emperor, Humayoon requesting him to be ‘brother’ and calling on him for help and protection. In response, Emperor Humayoon gladly accepted her as a sister through the RAKHI and saved her and her kingdom.

A female can adopt a male as her brother by the tying of RAKHI, but a man has to think and choose carefully before accepting the offer of a RAKHI from a woman who is not his real sister, since it is a pledge and responsibility of protection that will exist throughout his lifetime. ‘Once a woman ties that sacred thread on the wrist of a man, that bond cannot be untied, and that brotherly and sisterly love must be kept until death.’

In preparation of RAKSHA BANDHAN, the

sister prepares a special thali (brass/silver plate) of Aarti which contain a lighted diya in the centre, flowers, garland, Rakhi and some sweet meat. She then goes to her alter and prays for long life and her brother. To complete the rituals, she proceeds to her brother and garland him, then apply chandan (tikka) on his forehead, then she ties the Rakhi on his right hand (wrist), then she does aarti to her brother, and in the last act, she gives him some sweet meat and kiss him. In return, the brother embrace his sister and give her gifts or money, the brother also assure his sister of protection and help which brings harmony to the society.

In another instance, the Guru (Pandit) will tie the sacred thread on the wrists of his chelas (disciples) signifying a guidance of responsibility and pledge

of protection towards his disciples who in turn pledge to be upright and disciplined as expected.

In a Hindu marriage ceremony, one of the sixteen religious rites is RAKSHA SUTRA, which is cord of protection. In this part of the ceremony the Barka (Dulha’s elder brother) places a cord of protection around the neck of the Dulhan (his bougie or sisterin-law). In doing so the Barka takes a vow to protect the Dulhan in times of distress and danger which she may encounter.

On this auspicious day special services are held at all Mandirs in Guyana.

This day falls on the full moon of the month Sharvan (August/September) each year.

Let us observe RAKSHA BANDHAN in its true spirit.

A sister ties a Rakhi on the wrists of her brother, while two other sisters awaits their turn.

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

JODIE FOSTER - One of the most respected and highest-paid actresses

A

licia Christian Foster (Jodie)

working on television programs such as The Doris

was born in Los Angeles on

Day Show (1968), Adam-12 (1968), The Courtship of

November 19, 1962. Her par-

Eddie's Father (1969), The Partridge Family (1970),

ents divorced three years be-

Bonanza (1959), and Gunsmoke (1955). In movies,

fore she was born, and she

her roles included playing Raquel Welch's daughter

was conceived when her mother, Brandy, was visiting

in Kansas City Bomber (1972) and a delinquent tom-

her father, Lucius, for child support. Alicia's siblings

boy in Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974). Jodie

nicknamed her "Jodie," a name she has used in

first drew attention from critics with her appearance

her profession. When she was just three years old,

in Taxi Driver (1976), in which she played a prostitute

Jodie began acting in commercials, most notably

at the tender age of 12 (she was 13 when the movie

for Coppertone sunblock. When she was five, Jodie

premiered) and received her first Oscar nomination

landed her first acting role on the TV show Mayberry

as Best Supporting Actress. She went on to have a

R.F.D. (1968). She stayed very busy as a child actress,

very successful career in her early teens with leading roles in the Disney films Freaky Friday (1976) and Candleshoe (1977). The last film Jodie made during this era was the coming-of-age Continued on page XXVII Jodie Foster

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014 From on page XXVI drama Foxes (1980), before enrolling at Yale University. Tragedy struck Jodie during her Freshman year when a crazed and obsessed fan named John Hinckley shot President Ronald Reagan to impress her.

Jodie graduated from Yale in 1985 with a degree in literature. Her main priority was now to become a successful adult actress. After appearing in a few obscure B-movies, Jodie auditioned for The Accused (1988) and was cast Sarah Tobias, a waitress who is gang-raped in a bar after a night of partying. For this role she won her first Academy Award as Best Actress. But even though she had won an Oscar, Jodie still hadn't established herself as a bankable star.

Her next film, Catchfire (1990), went straight to video, and she had to fight hard to get her next good role. In 1991 she starred as Clarice Starling, an FBI trainee hunting down a serial killer in The Silence of the Lambs (1991). The film was a blockbuster hit, winning Jodie her second Academy Award for Best Actress and establishing her as an international star at the age of 28. With the wealth and fame to do anything she wanted, Jodie turned to directing. She made her directorial debut with Little Man Tate (1991), which was followed by Home for the Holidays (1995). These movies were critically acclaimed but did not do well at the box office, and Jodie proved to be a far more

XXVII

successful actress than she was a director. 1994 proved

Altar Boys (2002) and the foreign film A Very Long

to be a huge triumph for Jodie's acting career.

Engagement (2004).

She first played a sexy con artist in the successful

She returned to making Hollywood mainstream

western spoof Maverick (1994) with Mel Gibson. Then,

films, first with Flightplan (2005), in which she played

she played title role in Nell (1994) alongside Liam

a woman whose daughter disappears on an airplane that

Neeson and Natasha Richardson. For her compelling

she designed. Once again Jodie proved herself to be a

performance as a wild, backwoods hermit who speaks an

box-office draw, and the film was a worldwide hit. The

invented language and must return to civilization, Jodie

following year she starred in another hit, a thriller about

was nominated for another Academy Award and won a

a bank heist titled Inside Man (2006) with Denzel Wash-

Screen Actors Guild Award as Best Actress.

ington and Clive Owen. Jodie seemed to be on a pattern

Although Jodie was working far less frequently as

of non-stop success.

an adult than she did as a child, the films she turned

She was paid $15 million for her next film, the re-

out were commercially successful and critically ac-

venge thriller The Brave One (2007), which once again

claimed. Her next big screen role was in the science

opened at #1 at the box office and earned her another

fiction drama Contact (1997) opposite Matthew

Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress.

McConaughey.

Following this succession of dark thrillers, Jodie re-

She played a scientist who receives signals from

turned to the comedy genre in Nim's Island (2008) with

space aliens. The film was a huge hit and brought Jodie

Gerard Butler and Abigail Breslin. Jodie will reunite

a Golden Globe nomination. She starred in the non-mu-

with Mel Gibson in the upcoming movie The Beaver

sical remake of The King and I (1956) entitled Anna and

(2011), which is scheduled for general release in 2011.

the King (1999), which was only modestly received in

Having spent nearly her entire life in the spotlight,

the U.S. but was very successful overseas.

Jodie Foster has had one of the most substantial film

Three years after that she headlined the thriller Panic

careers in Hollywood history. She is one of the most

Room (2002). The film was a smash box-office hit and

respected and highest-paid actresses working today,

gave Jodie a $30 million opening weekend, the biggest

and there is no doubt that there will be many great

of her career yet. She then appeared in two low-profile

things ahead for this child actress turned two-time

projects: the independent film The Dangerous Lives of

Oscar-winning superstar.

XXVIII

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

XXIX

Ebola: Why is it this disease we fear?

By Dr Seth Berkley CEO of the GAVI Alliance

(BBC) The current Ebola outbreak in Africa is dominating headlines globally.

But Dr Seth Berkley, CEO of the GAVI Alliance questions why this - rather than any of the other deadly diseases which exist.

He suggests it's because people in the west have forgotten what it is like to deal

with an untreatable disease.

It starts with familiar flulike symptoms: a mild fever, headache, muscle and joint pains.

But within days this can quickly descend into something more exotic and frightening: vomiting and diarrhoea, followed by bleeding from the gums, the nose and gastrointestinal tract.

We have simply forgotten what it is like to live under

threat of such infectious and deadly diseases, and forgotten what it means to fear them�

Death comes in the form of either organ failure or low blood pressure caused by the extreme loss of fluids.

Such fear-inducing descriptions have been doing the rounds in the media lately.

However, this is not Ebola but rather Dengue Shock Syndrome, an extreme form

In the developed world, measles is seen as a mild condition - but it can kill

of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease that struggles to make the news.

Ebola is without a doubt a truly horrible disease, but then there are many other bad ones that kill far more.

So, why is it that Ebola is grabbing headlines and other deadly diseases are not?

Not the only ones it because people in Africa are suddenly dying?

That seems unlikely. Dengue has a relatively low death rate, but it still kills up to 20,000 of the half a million

people who are infected every year; that's an order of magnitude more than the worst Ebola outbreak, and yet barely a fifth of the number killed by measles every year.

And when you start to look at pathogens like pneumococcal and rotavirus causes of the two biggest childhood killers, pneumonia and diarrhoea - the number of deaths rapidly climbs up into the high hundreds of thousands. it because people in Africa are suddenly dying?

That seems unlikely. Den-

gue has a relatively low death rate, but it still kills up to 20,000 of the half a million people who are infected every year; that's an order of magnitude more than the worst Ebola outbreak, and yet barely a fifth of the number killed by measles every year.

And when you start to look at pathogens like pneumococcal and rotavirus - causes of the two biggest childhood killers, pneumonia and diarrhoea Continued on page XXXIII

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

XXXI

Meet Ganesh Singh -A Passionate Disability Rights’ Advocate!

By Telesha Ramnarine AT just age 13, he was diagnosed with glaucoma and by the time he was about to write his Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) Examinations, approximately three years later, he could barely manage to see anything on paper.

Nevertheless, he obtained passes in eight subjects and today holds many impressive portfolios!

Meet 30-year-old Ganesh Singh, known in the home circle as Kevin, who grew up on the East Coast Demerara, between Unity and Mahaica. He had a very normal childhood during which he attended Helena Primary School and later secured a place at St. Stanislaus College.

Ganesh became totally blind at the age of 17 and this was when his life completely changed, he recalled in an interview with the Chronicle a few days ago. Prior to this, he said: “I had a very normal childhood. I did everything that everybody did in the countryside. I have no regrets about my childhood and I am happy that I did have a normal childhood.”

But his blindness prevented him from pressing on to doing all the things he wanted to. “All of my dreams were basically shattered,” he said, adding: “I didn’t know of anywhere I could go as a blind person or any rehabilitation programme that was available. So I just isolated myself from society for about four years. Music became my therapy.”

But Ganesh was a thinker and one day he strategised that he would raise some funds and buy himself a minibus, which he thought could serve as his means of income. “I did this in early 2006 and that’s about the same time when my life changed because I started to play blind cricket and come back into society and started to interact with other blind persons.

One thing led to another and another.”

Ever since then, Ganesh said he is very comfortable with where he is in life. To list just a few of his current portfolios, Ganesh is a Commissioner on the National Commission of Disability, CXC Coordinator and executive board member of the Guyana Society for the Blind, a computer teacher for the blind, the Public Relations Officer for the Guyana Council of Organisation for persons with disabilities, a voluntary national facilitator with ‘Young Voices Guyana,’ Coordinator for the Regional Youth Network for the Disabled People International

North American and the Caribbean Region, an executive board member of the Guyana Blind Cricket Association and a director of the West Indies Blind Cricket Council. He also coordinates workshops for people with disability. Furthermore, Ganesh produces and presents a radio programme every Wednesday night called ‘Disability in You’ which aims to sensitise persons living with disability about their rights.

Asked how he finds the time to manage all of his responsibilities, he said: “I am really a disability rights’ advocate. It’s the passion that drives me. I am very passionate about what I do and what I stand for. I am a people’s person and I am very ambitious. I have a very comprehensive, full life.

“It’s how you adapt to your blindness. It comes by instinct and also you just figure out ways of doing things for yourself.

You have to modify certain things to suit you. You have to have this drive and see yourself as being independent and as someone who doesn’t want to be pitied. If you want pity, you would not have the drive to be independent,” Ganesh said.

The main challenge that Ganesh faces, though has to do with his mobility. “A lot of times you have to depend on someone to take you somewhere or you have to go with a taxi. The buses might not go directly to the area where you are going. And plus the attitude of persons towards those with disability. It tends to curtail your progress and the things you would like to achieve.”

But Ganesh said he always manages to get over this type of attitude. “I am no different from anyone else. It’s just that I don’t see and that is what I am really trying to get in the heads of people. We are not different. We just might have physical impairments that might obstruct or limits us to complete our tasks. Once we have assistive aids and the enabling environment, we can do the same things as anybody else.”

Ganesh is urging the public to remember that persons with disability should be included in any development plans.

Ganesh is currently a University of Guyana student having completed his diploma in social work and working towards obtaining his Bachelor’s Degree. He has represented Guyana and the Disability Movement in several countries including Kenya, Indonesia, Pakistan, India, USA, and several Caribbean countries.

He is dating Annie and they plan to be married soon.

Ganesh Kevin Singh

Ganesh is very passionate about what he does and all that he stands for

He has represented Guyana and the Disability Movement in several countries.

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Guyanese Women in History:

Journalist/PR Guru, Sherry Ann-Dixon, Shines Bright Like a Diamond!

Sherry Dixon

W

e already know that GG Sherry Ann Dixon rocks, but 2014 is certainly her year to shine. The CEO of Women on The Crossroads and UK-based PR Guru, Radio Broadcaster, Journalist, Lecturer and inspirational Public Speaker has added another name to her list of accomplished titles. She is now the Patron of Screen Nation Creme de la Femme. Crème de la Femme is a sensational new 4 star networking and fine dining experience for specially chosen African Caribbean British women of influence.

Sherry-Ann was also recently named Ambassador of Back2Black, which is the very first Black History Event to be held at the BAFTA in Piccadilly, London in October 2014. This is an exclusive black tie and formal evening wear event attended by several special invited guests and celebrities, with inspirational talks, spoken word and poetry performances, live music, an exclusive short film screening and also an award ceremony celebrating individuals who have contributed selflessly to the Afro-Caribbean community throughout the year 2013. For more about this event, visit theafronews.eu.

In addition to the above, Sherry-Ann was featured in Amina Magazine, a French-language woman’s magazine aimed at black women in Africa, Europe, the Antilles and North America. (guyanesegirls@rock.com)

Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Ebola: Why is it this ...

From page XXIX

- the number of deaths rapidly climbs up into the high hundreds of thousands.

It is true that Ebola is also highly infectious, which drives away health workers who may understandably fear a needle stick.

But then so many others are more infectious, like measles, through air-droplets, and hepatitis B, which is transmitted by similar means to HIV but 50 times more infectious.

Perhaps then it has something to do with the fact that there is no cure and that 50%-90% of people infected will inevitably die.

Why should we see deaths from diseases we have previously wiped out and for which we have safe and effective vaccinations? �

Possibly, but then there is no cure for rabies either, and once someone develops symptoms they are almost 100% likely to die a slow and painful death, unless, that is, they have been vaccinated post-exposure.

And herein lies a clue.

The fact is while Ebola means a painful and isolated death, away from loved ones, there are other diseases that are horrific and equally deserving of both our fear and respect; diseases which, like Ebola, are still dreaded in West Africa and beyond, and which regularly kill hundreds of thousands of people throughout the world's poorest countries.

However, in wealthy countries, thanks to the availability of modern medicines, many of these diseases can now usually be treated or cured, and thanks to vaccines they rarely have to be.

Because of this blessing we have simply forgotten what it is like to live under threat of such infectious and deadly diseases, and forgotten what it means to fear them.

So when an outbreak like this comes along, from the comfort of our relatively disease-free surroundings it is only natural to look on in horror and be terrified by the prospect of something like Ebola making its way to our shores.

Attention 'welcome' But while Ebola remains a genuine concern in West Africa, if it ever did make it to Europe or North America the chances of it spreading far are remote.

This is for two important reasons: first our disease surveillance is more stringent, and second Ebola kills or immobilises its host before they have much of a chance to spread it.

In reality, a bigger concern far closer to home is that some diseases which we once vanquished, like measles, rubella and pertussis, are now making a comeback.

Thanks to an insidious complacency we have seen significant drops in vaccination rates in many parts of the western world, to the extent that diseases are not only coming back but to levels where we are actually exporting them to poorer countries.

Why should we see deaths from diseases we have previously wiped out and for which we have safe and effective vaccinations?

Ebola is not the exception, but rather just one example of the terrible norm�

And yet in these same wealthy countries people are now asking why there isn't an Ebola vaccine.

So the fact that this Ebola outbreak has received so much attention is something to be applauded.

For one thing it may help to accelerate the progress of some of the quite promising candidate drug treatments and vaccines whose development have otherwise been stalling.

More of a certainty is that it will help bring in improved emergency response plans in affected countries, measures which could help prevent any future outbreaks from spreading quite so fast and so far.

International spotlight For people in West Africa who are currently trying to get through this terrible outbreak that will be of little comfort.

Even so, if casting the international spotlight onto Ebola helps to bring our notions of risk perception into sharper focus then that can't be a bad thing - not just in terms of boosting immunisation rates at home.

But also if it helps to remind us that Ebola is not the exception, but rather just one example of the terrible norm - where thousands of men, women and children are dying from a range of horrible diseases every day - then perhaps that will bring the world a step closer to doing more about it.

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

Film Review

Disney’s: Frozen

By Shivanie Sugrim Frozen is an animated comedy/adventure film produced by Walt Disney Studios and was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee. It premiered worldwide on November 27, 2013 and has a US box office grossing of $397M as well as earnings of over a billion dollars worldwide.

Setting the record of Disney’s 53rd animated feature in the industry this film has received tremendous attention among critics whereas some are labelling it as Disney’s best animated musical for its two academy awards and the Golden Globe award among other prestigious

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Chronicle Pepperpot August 10, 2014

From page XXXIV awards.

Let’s take an adventure to see what has made this film such a tremendous success!

The film tells the story of Elsa and Anna, the Princesses of Arendelle. Elsa is the older sister and she was born with the ability to shoot ice from her hands and make Ice bridges and a Castle, and apparently even make a dress with her ice powers, you wouldn’t want to be her when the sun comes out. When Elsa and Anna were little, they used to play a lot in the snow, she would often use her magic ice abilities and make the entire castle into a snow park, then one day Anna got into an accident and almost died, and since then, Elsa was always distant from her sister. Now fast forward a couple years, Elsa is ready to be Queen of Arendelle, but she freaks out and loses control of her powers and everyone else freaks out so runs off into the mountains and lives in an ice castle completely cut off from society. Anna then teams up with a goofy oaf of a man called Kristoff and a magic snowman called Olaf.

They then go on an adventure to track down her sister and bring her back.

What was captivating about this film is that it was insanely different from any other Disney animated movie. It tosses the entire “Prince Charming” and “True Love” clichés scenario out the window that has been plaguing Disney movies over the years! It is also the first film in the industry that completely shunned the idea of “marrying a boy you just met” which most of the films did. It completely brought in reality and logics although it was a fiction film.

I immediately stood from my seat in the theatre and clapped! I wholeheartedly commend Disney for its mixture of emotions portrayed in the film since it was realistic down to the very emotional level.

I would encourage anyone, even if you’re not a fan of Disney movies or even animated movies in general you should still watch this movie, it has something that everyone can relate to and of course it’s an excellent movie to sit and watch with the family.

Now for my personal rating, I would give this movie 4 ½ stars, because there wasn’t one moment that I was bored watching it!

(I’d like to thank my best friend Norman Gobin for providing insights for this review!

Thank you!)

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Aries - You can feel that your future is absolutely brimming over with potential. If anyone can smell opportunity and the chance to jump on it, it’s you! Your instincts may be telling you to sit still, though, but try not to doubt yourself. Don’t listen to anyone who’s telling you to lower your expectations.

Waiting isn’t that easy for you, but if winning is the end result, it’s still the best way to go for now.

Taurus - Your subconscious has decided that you need to take a trip. It might be an actual physical journey to some new place you’ve dreamed of going, or it might just be a trip down Memory Lane. Once you’re on the road, you’re glad that you went along for the ride! It feels so good to get away from it all, and you know that you’re overdue. Invite someone else along, and you might create memories that you can share forever.

Gemini - You’ve been more than a bit distracted from practical business lately, largely because you’re thinking about more pleasant things -- maybe a new person in your life, for instance. Today, your attention is drawn back to a situation where it’s badly needed: Finances. In particular, joint finances need careful consideration. Don’t let things go a day longer without direct intervention, and do whatever you need to do to straighten it all out permanently.

Cancer - You’ve never had trouble waiting your turn or sitting back until the timing was right for making something happen. At the moment, you’re rather pleased with yourself, because your tremendous patience has paid off, big time. After all this time, someone you’ve been wanting to snuggle up with has come around, so you may be making long term plans long before you thought you might.

Leo - Everyone gets several sets of parents, though not everyone realises it. The first set are simply the ones we’re most strongly connected with, but teachers, mentors, friends and even our mates can offer a little parenting now and then. You should be pleased with someone who’s working in that capacity now, and not just because they love you. They’re more than happy to help you with the thing you need the most -- which is the one thing you don’t yet know you need.

Virgo - Sure, you’re good at your job, but you also pride yourself at being an expert at some personal hobby. Whether it’s sewing, photography, poetry or something more esoteric, you should know that you’re plenty good enough at it to make at least a little part-time cash. Earning from what you love doesn’t lessen its value! Don’t pass up any chance now to share your skill with others.

Libra - You are famous for your romantic nature. All you really need right now is someone to please -- which could be a delightfully enthusiastic suitor or a long-term partner. Your companion can’t help but realise how lucky they are to have been chosen, so the evening looks fine. Your only mission is to be sure you’re getting a mix of indoor and outdoor activity.

Scorpio - You know the art of persuasion like no other. You can talk just about anyone into just about anything -- as long as you believe what you’re saying. Right now, you’re feeling the need to communicate something important to someone just as important -- to convince them of something they need to know -- there’s really no way to fail. It could be that someone else gets to them first, though -- so move!

Sagittarius - Your conspicuous lack of enthusiasm for handling money matters is wreaking havoc today. That doesn’t mean you can’t handle things, of course, just that those spreadsheets aren’t nearly as much fun as hitting the town with friends. If you can put in your time now and get it all behind you, then you can use that evening out as a reward. It may be the best of both worlds.

Capricorn - This is not the right time for hiding out now, regardless of the reason. You’re due for a serious run of luck, including your guaranteed fifteen minutes in the spotlight. The paparazzi might not actually be on the way, but your talents are sure to be showcased for the world (or some small part of it). You might be better off deciding which is your better side -- for the photographers or anyone else!

Aquarius - No matter what you’re up to, you can expect big revelations today. They may come from you -- after all, someone is prompting you to reveal a secret that you’re not quite comfortable revealing yet. Between now and the end of the day, try to find a way to make peace with yourself -- and with the owner of said secret. It’s got to come out somehow. Bring it out as gently as possible.

Pisces - One particular secret that you’ve always wondered about -something you’ve never really understood, from way back -- is about to come to the surface now. When the truth is finally revealed, you may be equally relieved and startled to learn how it all fits together. The good news is that the outcome you’ve always wished for is most likely what comes out.

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Using Integrated Pest Management (Final Part)

By Clifford Stanley

More on Biological Control: In Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Biological control has to do with all the natural enemies of the insect pests, all of the parasitoids all the predators all the small wasps and the lady bugs ;all the insects that are on your side.

The gardener needs to promote these natural enemies because the problem is that the beneficial wasps and the predators only come when the population is pretty high.

There are specific wasps that go for aphids and there are specific wasps that go for white flies and it is nice to have them around because they are going to really target your pests.

They can smell the insect pests but they can only do so when the population is pretty high.

The gardener has to find other ways to attract them and get them to stay.

Contact your nearest Agricultural Extension Officer for more information on biological controls which work in managing and controlling insect pests.

Some flowers of plants that attract predatory flies and other natural enemies of the insect pests and that are available locally are dill cilantro and carrot.

Sunflowers are a magnet for aphids and can be used a trap for this pest.

You can plant sunflowers to trap the aphids and then destroy the flowers when the pest population gets too high.

Keep in mind that if you have hibiscus in your area it is a huge attractor for white flies.

White flies love hibiscus.

If you have hibiscus in your garden remove it .Another way to manage aphids is to manage ants.

Ants farm aphids very much like how humans farm cows.

Ants will gather aphids, protect them, move them to different locations and help to keep them out of the garden.

So keep an eye on the ants; they will lead you to where aphids are.

More on natural pesticides: As indicated before, some natural pesticides are pepper, garlic and neem extracts .

The reason why the neem is important is that the it is an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) ; it stops the insect from being able to grow to the next stage of its life cycle.

More on Cultural Control: Cultural control includes crop rotation.

If you do not have crop rotation you are giving pests a wonderful place to live and reproduce and create problems for the crop.

Remove the leaves under attack and destroy them because if you take off those leaves and drop them on the spot, the pests will hatch on the ground and move right up onto the plant to continue their destruction.

More on Chemical control: The idea is to use less chemical control because when you use chemicals you kill not only pests but the beneficial wasps and the predators as well. .

The concern about chemicals is not only about health and the environment but about encouraging resistance which is using the chemicals so many times that the pest does not die from it anymore.

When you use chemicals too often you are creating a bug that is no longer susceptible to that chemical and that means you are wasting hard earned cash If you have to use chemicals rotate them i.e: do not use the same chemical over and over again. Use on the same crop in the same area not more than three times a season.

Justin Bieber Bares Butt In See Through Underwear In Ibiza

Well, hello there, Justin Bieber’s butt! The singer bared his backside for all to see while vacationing in Ibiza on Aug. 3.

This is a side of Justin Bieber, 20, we don’t see very often. Just five days after his epic brawl with Orlando Bloom, 37, and his recent make out session with a sexy Playboy Playmate, Justin nearly lost his pants while stepping off a boat in Ibiza!

Justin Bieber Bares Butt In See Through Underwear Pull up your pants, Justin! The Biebs has been living it up in Ibiza over the past week. From lounging and partying out on his yacht on the Spanish island to a sexy reunion with Kendall Jenner, 18, at Riccardo Tisci’s 40th birthday party, Justin’s hasn’t let the drama with Orlando overshadow his fun. After the fight, Justin even banned Orlando from Riccardo’s party, a recent report claimed.

While his ex, Selena Gomez, 22, flaunted her cleavage and underbutt in a serious case of revenge dressing, Justin ended up flaunt his backside too — sort of. As Justin stepped off a boat in Ibiza on Aug. 3, flashed his butt in his see through Calvin Klein underwear! Justin’s orange shorts began to fall and we got a little peek of his bum!

Justin shielded his face and his sexy abs with a towel to

hide from the sun!

The “Boyfriend” singer is known for his low-riding pants, but these new pics reveal more of Justin’s butt than we’ve ever seen!

What do you think of Justin's bare butt photos?

So hot!So scandalous!

Justin Bieber’s Last Words To Orlando Bloom After Fight Revealed Ibiza will always be synonymous with the names, Justin and Orlando. The love square between Justin, Selena, Orlando and Miranda Kerr, 31, got even more twisted when Justin’s final words to Orlando after his punch were discovered.

Justin reportedly told Orlando after the fight, “Miranda told me, ‘I want to make a man out of you,’” a source revealed to Sunday People.

These words come after reports claimed Justin said to Orlando, “she was good,” and “say hi to Miranda for me,” at the party.

Justin’s ex, Selena, was livid with the star about the fight and we learned that she even reached out to Orlando through texts after it all went down to apologize for Justin’s behavior.

Selena Gomez Bares Cleavage In Sexy Top After Justin Bieber & Orlando Bloom Fight Selena Gomez won’t let Justin Bieber and Orlando Bloom’s drama drag her down! Three nights after Justin and Orlando’s infamous scuffle, Selena hit a famous club in her sexiest look ever.

Selena Gomez, 22, has stepped out amidst the gos-

sip that Orlando Bloom, 37, and Justin Bieber, 20, reportedly got into their scuffle over her. Wearing a cleavage-baring black top and curve-hugging jeans, Selena hit up a bar in West Hollywood, Calif., for a super-late night out!

Selena Gomez: Starlet Goes Clubbing After Justin Bieber & Orlando Bloom Fight Selena has yet to publicly comment on the Justin and Orlando love square brawl drama, but we think her sexy and fearless style on August 2 says it all!

Selena rocked a low-cut black tank, pink fringe jacket, high-waisted jeans (that hugged every curve) and gorgeous stiletto heels at a West Hollywood nightclub. Selena was spotted leaving the super-popular bar at 2 a.m. with a security team!

Selena didn’t let Justin hanging out with other girls, including Alyssa Arce, 21, and Chantel Jeffries, 21, bother her one bit Selena Gomez Is ‘Disgusted’ Justin Bieber Hung Out With Kendall Jenner It looks like the feud between her ex-boyfriend Justin and pal Orlando hasn’t ruined Sel’s confidence. Just a few days ago, she showed off a ton of her tush in super-short shorts! We think Selena looked sexy and flawless for her evening out in West Hollywood last night — do you?

Selena Gomez Texted Orlando Bloom After Justin Bieber Brawl We’ve learned from an EXCLUSIVE source that Selena texted Orlando after his brawl with Justin.

“She actually reached out to Orlando and text him how sorry she was for Justin’s behavior,” a source revealed to HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY. “Orlando has been nothing but supportive of Selena and actually a very good friend.Selena confided in him how upset she was over Justin and his wandering eye and his inability to commit.”

Orlando returned some solid advice to Selena. “Orlando advised her to let go and take care of herself first. Love herself first. He shared his own heart aches with her and has been a major source of inspiration,” our source said.

Beyonce & Jay Z: Forget That You’re Huge Stars — Work On Your Marriage Beyonce and Jay Z, rumors are swirling even faster now

that your marriage is crumbling. If this is true, it’s time to forget that you’re a billion-dollar brand, and remember that you’re a real-life couple with a family that’s worth saving!

Beyonce and Jay Z, let me ask you this: Do you think that your little daughter, Blue Ivy, 2, cares how much money is in your respective bank accounts? Do you honestly think that Blue Ivy cares that you’re “a brand?” And that you have a boatload of fans? I don’t think so. But I do think she cares very much that the two people whom she loves most in the world — her mommy and daddy — are with her, and that they will cherish her and give her love and security — together.

Beyonce & Jay Z Marriage Issues: Forget You’re Huge Stars And Work On Problems It seems to me, Beyonce, 32, and Jay Z, 44, that if you’re truly having serious marriage problems — so serious, according to Page Six, that you’re already living separately — then you need to get into marriage counseling pronto and start to work as intently on your personal issues, as you do on your careers.

Here you are in the midst of a huge On The Run joint tour, and according to Page Six‘s new report, you’re not just staying in separate rooms, but in entirely separate hotels.