Pepperpot 2 11 14

Meet Carollene

Linden

Leza Singh (Radika)

Page VIII

“I love drama, I love acting, and I love comedy.”

The mystique location that foretells of intriguing tourism potential

Carollene Leza Singh

Box office battle: Page

Deepika XII Padukone races ahead of Katrina Kaif, retains numero uno position!

My boobs brought Page me to XIII limelight Produced and Edited by C. Naipaul | Graphic and Layout Design by R. James

Ronke Ojo Anthony

—Ronke Ojo

The girl next door

II

SHE walked around the garden, bare-feet, humming a song of devotion to Lord Krishna as she picked flowers, filling her little basket.

She would decorate the altar where she offered her prayers in reverence to the divine god, every morning, the only beautiful thing in her young life-a life stalked by tragedy, fear and ill luck. She kept faith in prayers for everywhere else in the world seemed dark, a little glow gave the warmth of hope that one day, the soft, crackling embers would burst into flames to illuminate her life.

A little smile touched her lips as she closed her eyes and prayed.

Damien swung his cricket bat, practicing his shots from imaginary balls bowled to him in the backyard of his aunt’s home. He was feeling pretty bored since the first day he came from the city to stay with this aunt in the countryside while his parents were on a vacation for their anniversary.

Two weeks to him seemed like such a long time.

“I could have stayed at home, he grumbled. I can take care of myself.”

A light shone in his eyes as he imagined going to the park with this friends, roller

blading on the pavements and hanging out at the fast-food outlets. But his parents thought that they the impetuousness of a twelve-year-old merited a guardian, so here he was in a quiet neighbourhood where he knew no one. He stayed in most of the time, playing computer games, practicing his cricket shots in his backyard and shooting hoops in the garage. One late afternoon, the basketball bounced off the hoop and flew hitting the neighbour’s fence.

Damien ran to retrieve the ball and froze at the sound of low, deep growls from beyond the thick hedge. He backed away wondering, “What the heck is that?”

From the very first day, Damien had felt intrigued by the bungalow style house bordered by a thicket of tall flowering trees and thick green shrubs, dark and mysterious. At night sometimes, his aunt told him, could be heard a woman’s screams, a girl crying, and the deep growls of whatever was guarding the property that always sent a chill in the neighbourhood. She warned him not to go close, but Damien’s adventurous nature could not heed that strict warning for too long and on the fourth day of his visit, he was determined to

find a way to know what was happening beyond the thick hedges.

He awoke earlier than usual, the next morning, to formulate his plan and as he stood looking at the hedge, he heard her singing her song of devotion. The sweet sound, soft as a whisper, touched his young heart and it drew him like a magnet but he couldn’t see through the thick shrubs that bordered the yard. He searched along the perimeter but found nothing and using his ‘Pirates of the Caribbean’ sword he had brought along just for fun, he carefully cut piece of the hedge and cautiously peered through.

She was standing in the middle of the garden, the little basket in her hand overflowing with flowers, looking up in the tree where a brown dove was feeding her chicks. The look she portrayed in a little dress, long flowing hair and bare-feet was almost like a fairy minus the wings. He wondered why someone so young which such fair beauty was living in such a dark place, hidden from the world when he heard a low menacing growl and turning his head slowly, he stared into the fiery eyes of a beastly animal.

Damien gasped in fear and fell back as the animal lunged at

him. He scrambled to his feet and grasped his sword firmly, fearful it may burst through the hedge but a soft voice spoke to the animal, calming it down and through the hole in the hedge, the girl saw the boy standing there on the other side with a sword in his hand like a handsome prince. The hint of a smile played on her lips and then she was gone.

Damien hesitated a little before walking back to hedge but she had left the garden and he saw two deadly pitbulls prowling around.

“This doesn’t look good” he said to himself, his determination a bit shaken.

Damien’s aunt alerted by the animal’s fierce growls called him into the house and when he told her about the girl he saw, she cautioned him, “For your own good, do no try to be friends with her. She’s a nice and loveable girl, so is her mother but the stepfather is a brutish man. No one dares to cross his path and the one man who did,died under mysterious circumstances.”

“Who was that?”

“The girl’s father.”

“And the mother knows that?” Damien asked, shocked.

“No, not at the time but the man imposed himself in their lives forcing the mother to marry him and now mother and child are like his prisoners.”

For a young boy, Damien should have felt scared but in his heart was now born a stronger determination to help the girl, to be her friend. She had been just five when her father had died and she was brought with her mother to live in the bungalow by the cruel stepfather and no one saw much of them since. Five years passed and over that time, she was not allowed to play and have friends, escorted to school and back, a childhood seemingly stolen, devoid of fun and laughter because of the controlling power of the stepfather.

Now Damien must find a way to befriend the girl next door, to bring a change in her life. The fear in her heart that she had been living with must be destroyed so she could be happy to smile and laugh.

“How do I do that?” he wondered, “With those killer dogs lurking around.”

No one was allowed to visit her at home and that night, an idea came to mind and Damien did something he did not know he could have done.

He wrote for her a beautiful little poem.

The next morning, he waited by the hedge and as soon

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

maureen.rampertab@gmail.com as he saw her he hurled it into the garden. It landed close by her and she saw it but before she could pick it up, one of the dogs tore the paper to bits. She looked at the little opening in the hedge and he held his breath as her eyes centered on him, the sadness and the almost pleading look seemed for that moment to write sentences of her story that touched his heart. He made to speak to her but drew back out of sight as her stepfather appeared at the door, an angry look on his face and he said to the girl harshly, “Did I not tell you we have to leave early this morning?”

She nodded, scared and ran into the house, the flowers spilling from her basket but the man did not leave right away. He stood and surveyed slowly, the section of the hedge where the girl had been standing before he turned and left. Damien exhaled slowly and sighed regretfully that his first attempt to communicate with the girl had failed but it was just the beginning.

By the end of the day, he had cut with his sword, a little window through the hedge that only he could open and close and he waited for the chance when he could see her again. She did not come into the garden for two days and Damien started to get worried when early the next morning he heard her singing. He had written another poem and waited when she was close by before throwing it. She picked it up and secreted it in the flower basket nodding her head slightly, not saying a word.

The next morning, he saw a pink ribbon stuck between the hedge and on it was written the words, “It’s beautiful, thank you.”

Damien smiled and put the ribbon in his pocket, thrilled that she loved the poem. He made little cards and wrote beautiful verses that he stuck in the hedge for her and gradually she started to smile, a smile that was like the sunshine. A

friendship bloomed slowly like the flowers in the garden and she came close enough one day to show him the baby bird that had fallen from the tree and for the first time, he had heard her voice.

“My name is Deepika” she said quietly.

“I’m Damien.”

She put her hand in his, knowing at last she had found a friend and as the baby bird chirped, she laughed, a beautiful sound like the music from Krishna’s flute but in a wink that beautiful moment was snatched when an angry voice, a crash and her mother’s screams came from within the house. Deepika gasped, “Oh no, not again,” and she turned and ran.

When Damien saw her the next day, she had become once more the sad, young girl.

What could he now do?

The young boy he was, he couldn’t dare cross the path of the tyrant stepfather but at least he could take comfort that Deepika knew she had a friend in him.

There were tears in her eyes when it was time for him to leave and he told her, “I am leaving now, but I’m not saying ‘good bye’ for I will see you again and when I grow up, I will take you away from the sadness and give you a life of happiness so you can always smile.”

She smiled wryly and shook her head, “Don’t make promises you may not be able to keep.”

“I will keep my promise,” he told her sincerely as he kissed her hand.

From a slightly opened window in the upper flat of the bungalow, she watched him leave, the only friend she had known for the five years she lived there and she wondered with an ache in her young heart, “Will I ever see him again?”

The glow continued to burn, waiting for the day when the embers would burst into flames to illuminate her life.

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

III

By Petamber Persaud

Preserving Our Literary Heritage Welcome to Guyana 3

PARTS of some recent publications read like guide books to sections of Guyana. Books like ‘The Brown Curtains’ by Clive Sankardayal, ‘The February 23 Coup’ by Chaitram Singh, ‘The sly company of people who care’

by Rahul Bhattacharya, just to name a few, focused on the coastal regions of the country. The Kaywana Trilogy is perhaps the best introduction to this country for this set of three books covers some three and one half centuries of history, starting with enslavement of people and ending with the tide turning towards democracy.

‘The Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana’ by Sir Robert Schomburgk is worth taking precedent over the above mentioned books mainly because of its references to Guyana’s boundaries and border issues and points to the area wherein the City of Gold may be located. Of course there are many other reasons for examining this book now.

‘The Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana’ is a big book, a very big book in many ways – physically, imaginatively, geographically, ambitiously, graphically and descriptively. This big multi-dimensional book will evoke the natural senses of the reader; this book is provocative, inspirational and entertaining.

Physically, ‘Twelve Views’ measures approximately 19 inches by 13 inches, warranting a bookstand for easy handling but it is worth every inch of discomfort from the exciting ‘Frontpiece’ sucking the reader in into the twelve sublime works of art and unto the accompanying detailed and descriptive text.

Descriptively, ‘Twelve Views’ will blow the mind of the reader. For instance, in the ‘Frontpiece’, Schomburgk wrote, ‘It appears as if the productive powers of nature, on receding from the poles, had collected themselves in their greatest strength at the equator, spreading their gifts with open hand, rendering every scene more imposing and majestic, and manifesting the abundant fertility of the soil…Nature as if not satisfied with the soil allotted to her, richly decorates the trunks and limbs

of trees, the stones and rocks; even the water is covered with a carpet of plants interspersed by magnificent flowers.’

Graphically, ‘Twelve Views’ is startlingly fresh and magnificent. In the ‘Preface,’ Schomburgk declared that credit must go to a number of persons who contributed to twelve artworks namely, John Morrison, a draughtsman, who accompanied Schomburgk on Schomburgk’s first journey to British Guiana, 1835-1839, and who made sketches of localities visited, and Charles Bentley, a watercolour artist who put finishing touches to the sketches by adding colour, light and shade. Credit for the other graphic dimensions of the books goes to Barnard Gauci and Coke Smyth who drew the images on stone and to Charles Blunt and G. P. Nicholls working on the woodcuts.

Geographically, ‘Twelve Views’, is great in scholarship for academics or for the reader so inclined with the inclusion of a map which ‘delineates the countries visited during my expeditions, and which will assist better than any description in pointing out those spots which have been depicted in the accompanying plates and woodcuts’. So it would be easy to find ‘Pirara’, ‘Roraima’ and ‘Pure-Piapa’ at given latitudes and longitudes. And herein where the scientific account and the sublime description met lays the strength of the book, bringing to the fore Schomburgk’s many talents namely explorer, surveyor, cartographer, botanist, naturalist, and writer.

There is another dimension to Schomburgk as the book revealed in its final pages – his concern for the welfare and wellbeing of the Indigenous peoples because they ‘have not received the attention which I am so anxious to give them’. This is seen through his recording of their life, manners and customs including birth, marriage, death traditions, their food and eating patterns, their love for celebration and dance, language, housing, tools, utensils, games, and physical features ‘so well-proportioned that they might serve as models’. So much was his concern that Schomburgk put his words to action; after stating that ‘the Indians are capable of

Sir Robert Schomburgk

progressive improvement, and that the establishment of social order, Europeans arts and Christian morals among them is possible’, he took three natives to England in 1839 for a short while in which they did him proud with ‘progressive improvement’.

The first edition of ‘Twelve Views’ published in 1940 was an ambitious project taking 360 subscribers to get it published. A recent edition published by the Guyana Heritage Society was also an ambitious project, long was the gestation period, but the Society was partnered by the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) which funded the reprinting.

The reprinting of ‘The Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana’ by Sir Robert Schomburgk, has reopened the adventure in rediscovering El Dorado– the rich literary heritage of Guyana.

(Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@yahoo.com)

IV

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

The Lure of the Mermaid and other Children’s Stories from Guyana Edited by Mrs. Janet Jagan

Mrs. Janet Jagan FOR some time I have been contemplating a collection of children’s stories from Guyana. When I came across an old undated publication entitled Stories from Guyana, I felt more convinced that one could be useful. This book which I guess was published in the 1960s or 1970s contained some delightful stories which I felt should have a wider audience.

Stories from Guyana included the following lovely stories: “Princess Sunshine’s Golden Necklace”

by Sheila King; “By the Lotus Pond” by Rajkumari Singh; “El Dorado’s Golden Princess” by Cecile E. Nobrega; “Samaan” by Doris Harper-Wills; “The Lure of the Mermaid” by Evadne D’Oliveira.

I have no idea of the quantity printed, but clearly today’s children could not have had the opportunity to read these particular stories from Guyana.

Of the five writers, I knew Cecile Nobrega and Rajkumari Singh. The late Rajkumari Singh wrote poetry and was interested in the arts. Her parents, Dr & Mrs. J.B. Singh, were well known in British Guiana of the 1930s and 1940s and had been involved in many cultural events.

I knew Cecile Nobrega for many years. She once ran one of the best schools in Georgetown and my daughter was one of her devoted students. Cecile now resides in London.

Krishna Nand Prasad whose story “The Laziest of the Birds” has been writing children’s stories and poems for many years. He is a teacher by profession and has published many of his poems.

The Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development along with the North Rupununi District Development Board are to be complimented for publishing in 2000, the beautifully illustrated “Stories about Iwokrama.” I included one of their stories told by four of Guyana’s indigenious people living in Annai, Rupununi.

Three stories are by well-known Guyanese writers: Jan Carew, the legendary Dr. Walter Rodney – writer and historian – and Dr. Odeen Ishmael, presently serving as Guyana’s Ambassador to the USA (now in Kuwait) Dr. Rodney, before his unfortunate and untimely death attributed to the challenges he made to the dictatorship that hurt the people of Guyana for many years, began writing, for children, stories about their origins.

“Kofi Baadu out of Africa” was written so that Guyana’s children could know of their origins arising out of slavery and “Lakshmi out of India” told the story of indentured workers. His death came before he could complete the series he had intended. Because of the length of “Kofi” I have printed only a part.

Jan Carew is a well-established author who has written important novels and poetry on Guyana. “The Coming of Amalivaca”, he describes, as “retold by Jan Carew”. There is another, “Children of the Sun” in the same manner, and both distributed by the Guyana Book Foundation. These, as well as those of Dr. Walter Rodney, are used in Guyana’s school system.

Henry Josiah’s “The Day the Sky Fell Down” comes from the book Amkonaima’s Children published in 1994 and containing eight wonderfully written stories of Guyana’s Amerindian people. In his preface, the late Henry Josiah wrote “I have taken the liberty to recreate them (folklore stories) in such a

way that the familiar ad universal English languages create the spirit of the old Amerindian tongue – Carib, Macushi and Patamona, Wapishana, Warrau and Wai Wai, Akawaio, Arecura and Arawak – and reflect for the new generations those things of value now almost overrun by the new civilisation.”

I have included two of my own stories – very short ones- since they are of a different genre. One comes from my Children’s Stories of Guyana’s Freedom Struggles and the other from Anastasia the Anteater and other stories.

In preparing this anthology, it is my hope that it will stimulate other writers to focus on children’s stories and it may, as well, result in the unearthing of children’s stories lost or neglected.

Evadne D’Oliveira

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

IX

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

RESHUFFLE

Kevin bought the large bungalow after taking a loan from the bank. It was well designed and he had gotten it at a bargain price. He did not hesitate to acquire it. Two months later he moved in with his family.

Kevin and Marjorie were married eleven years ago.

They had two daughters, Beverly, nine and Samantha, six.

He was an auditor and she was a teacher. There was joy and anticipation about their new home. The house had four bedrooms. This meant that both girls could have their own bedroom. Everyone was delighted with the move.

One week after moving in all the joy had evaporated and was replaced by fear; fear of the unknown. Some very strange things began to take place and this forced the family to believe that the house was haunted. The first odd incident was traumatic enough to make them all sleep in one room.

What would you do if you wake up one night and you are cold and trembling? Your skin is covered in ugly goose bumps and all your instincts tell you that something is wrong. Would you scream and bawl in fright? Would you run like a cheetah? Would you faint from too much stress?

Or would you take the best option and hide under the bed.

Two nights after they had moved in Kevin woke up with all the above mentioned symptoms. He looked suspiciously around the dark room but saw nothing. Forcing himself to lie back down, he stayed awake for the rest of the night.

The next day he told his wife about his strange experience and she laughed loudly at him. The next night it was her turn. He was sound asleep when she shook him roughly awake. Jumping up, he sensed right away that she too had the symptoms. Not only that, she was pointing a trembling finger at the bedroom door. What he saw made him blink twice in disbelief.

A small patch of light was moving straight towards the door. They both looked at each other in awe. The light paused at the closed door then disappeared. They hastily checked on their daughters who were both sleeping peacefully.

They discussed what both of them had seen and experienced. It seemed too far-fetched to be real. They decided not to tell the kids about it. This would remain their secret.

Each night following that, bizarre things began to take place. *Lights went on and off by themselves. *Pieces of furniture were moved around at night. *Unknown voices were heard talking and laughing. *After they went to bed, there was the sound of someone else moving around downstairs. *Doors were constantly being opened and closed. *Scary laughter could be heard in the dead of night.

Things came to a head one night when the girls ran screaming into their parent’s room with terror filled eyes.

Both of them had seen a strange creature which asked them to go with it. The frightened little ones refused to return to their rooms. The next day Marjorie packed. Kevin refused to go with his wife. Soon after, his family departed for the safety of his mother-in law’s home. Kevin decided he would not be moved. No Jumbie or spirit was going to chase him out of his own home. He was here to stay.

He decided to be vigilante and sentinel. As soon as he heard a noise he would hasten to investigate. This went on for a long time and impacted negatively on his sleep which had repercussions on his job. Stubbornly he persisted.

He got creepy dreams with warnings to leave the house.

“GET OUT!” Kevin dug in deeper.

One night he was asleep when he came awake with a start. He had the symptoms. Only this time, he was soaked in sweat. His sheet had been thrown to the ground and the bedroom door was wide open. Standing at the foot of his bed and glaring at him was a creature like the one described by his daughters.

It had a human body with ears larger than usual. The eyes were glowing amber and the teeth stuck out of the

ugly hole in its face. Its breath stank and the breathing sounded like sandpaper rubbing together. It just stood there staring at him. Then it vanished. Kevin got an instant bowel movement.

He decided to seek advice from his neighbours. Their verdict was unanimous. The house was haunted and had been haunted for more than twenty years. Two decades ago a brother had murdered his two siblings in order to get the property. He was not able to enjoy it. One morning he was found strangled by his sheet. There was no sign of a break in. Everyone concluded that Jumbie had killed him.

They all advised Kevin to abandon the house of terror. He refused to heed their words. One week later he was forced to do so hurriedly.

That fateful evening, Kevin came home late from work.

He called his wife and chatted with her and the girls. He refused to leave and she refused to return. After taking a refreshing bath, Kevin put his meal on the table and got ready to eat.

As Kevin took his seat he landed hard on the floor. Star-

V

tled he looked for the chair. It had been moved to the next end of the table. Puzzled, he grabbed the chair and put it where he had decided to sit. He sat down.

BLAM!” His backside hit the floor hard. The chair had gone rogue again. Angrily he seized it, dragging it to his end of the table. Holding on to it, he at last took his seat. After eating a few mouthfuls, he reached for the glass of mauby.

It was not where he had placed it. He snatched the glass and looked warily around the room. Holding the glass firmly, he gulped down some of its content. He set it down loudly and emphatically in front of him. He would not be intimidated.

Time after time he had to reshuffle things. The drink was moving, food was moving spoons were moving. This did not deter him .He ate quickly and was. He just had to polish off the four sausages and go to bed.

He reached for a sausage with his left hand while watching TV. He popped it into his mouth. He chewed energetically and swallowed after only three chews. Fire exploded in his mouth, throat and stomach. He looked down at the table.

His plate of sausages was at the next end of the table. He had grabbed and gobbled down a large tiger pepper. Kevin raced for the toilet his tummy already in turmoil. This was going to be a long night.

After the pepper laxative had subsided, he crawled into bed exhausted. Frustrated and stressed, he eventually fell into a restless sleep.

“BLAM!” Kevin hit the floor with a thud. He stared groggily about him someone or something had tossed him off of his king sized bed.

More than that, the sheet and the bed covers were also on the floor. Enough was enough. Kevin got up and put a first class cussing on the Jumbie. He cussed until he ran out of expletives.

That was when he made a colossal mistake. At the top of his voice he screamed and raved at the spirit.

“I not afraid of you!”

“A not leaving!”

Silence.

“You could play tricks from now to Christmas. I staying right hey!!”

Something fell with a loud bang in the next room.

“Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Kevin’s shrill laughter was a challenge.

CRASH! BANG! Something fell and broke.

Kevin was quite worked up by now and proceeded to taunt the entity. That was his worse mistake.

“DIS HOUSE IS ME OWN AN I KEEPING IT!!”

Huge mistake.

POW! PLY! BLAM! WAX! KANG! CRACK! Blows fell on Kevin as soon as he uttered those words.

Now he did not particularly fear the Jumbie, he just couldn’t take so much lix. The defeated man took off at speed for his mother-in-law. As he exited the house a shrill, high pitched laughter rang out.

“HEE! HEE! HEE! HA! HA! HA!’ A booming voice reached his retreating ears.

“IS ME OWN!!”

Then the lights went on the blink and things began moving around crazily. It was a show of triumph.

Kevin did some moving of his own. He shifted into top gear and charged away from the haunted house.

VI

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Gingivitis is the most Should He Admit common To Paying For Sex? gum disease Shifting The Burden

R

ecently I extracted fourteen teeth from a patient at one sitting and installed an immediate total denture. The patient’s problem was severe gum disease which is the most commonly devastating condition in dentistry. And it all starts with gingivitis. This is the most common disease that involves the gum while caries is the most common affecting the teeth. Characterised by red or inflamed gum (gingival) tissue, it is experienced by just about everyone with teeth from time to time and in varying degrees. Sometimes the inflammation appears as a thin red or bluish red line – marginal gingivitis – around all or a few teeth. Depending on whether the condition is generalised or localised.

The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene. If teeth are not brushed, gingivitis develops within a week as bacteria-infested plaque deposits from around and just beneath the gum. If there is gingivitis although the person has good oral hygiene then HIV infection should be investigated.

Some systemic diseases induce or exaggerate gingivitis. Spontaneous haemorrhaging may indicate a serious disease such as leukemia. In fact, any disease that interferes with the blood’s normal clotting mechanism, including haemophilia, uremia and liver disease, is likely to cause haemorrhagic gingivitis. These include taking drugs such as heparin sodium (heparin is a component of normal blood). Heart attack or stroke from clots forming in blood vessels narrowed by cholesterol deposits (a completely different type of plaque) can also cause bleeding of gums.

Many people with no heart disease take low dosage aspirin for its blood-thinning quality, which reduces the risk of heart attack. Millions of arthritis victims are on high doses of aspirin, which can also contribute to bleeding gums.

With chronic gingivitis gums bleed easily to touch and pressure with little or no pain, although some patients complain of slight soreness. In more severe cases, gums bleed when eating as food presses against the tissue. The toothbrush and dental floss turn pink and saliva and rinse water are red with blood as one spits out after brushing.

Early gingivitis can be cured by self -treatment thorough daily brushing and flossing to remove irritating food debris and soft plaque deposits. A soft nylon brush should be directed at a 45-degree angle and jiggled in a massaging motion directly on the gum. Special rubber cup massagers are also available.

If gums are not firm or appear puffy, the rubber tip attached to a brush should be inserted between the teeth to a massage the gum tissue called the interdental papilla. Stimudents or toothpicks are also effective. Oral irrigation removes debris but is ineffective against plaque deposits. Irrigation is a supplement, not a substitute, for brushing and flossing. If inflammation and bleeding do not clear up after one or two weeks of conscientious oral hygiene, a dental construction is in order. Once plaque and tartar are firmly established on the teeth and beneath the gum, professional prophylaxis, including sub gingival scaling is necessary to remove these deposits.

Around the third month of pregnancy and during menstruation, some women experience minor gum inflammation, including swelling and enlargement of the interdental papilla. Occasionally, a large overgrowth of the gums takes place at the border of a few teeth. This so-called pregnancy tumour is not a neoplasm but rather a response of the gum to local irritation.

Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and menstruation, particularly in the presence of poor oral hygiene, are the cause of this gingivitis.

The condition is painless and notable mainly for an increase in the size of gum papilla and minor bleeding on brushing. The gums also appear bluish or bright red.

Careful brushing and flossing reduce inflammation and swelling. Hard calculus must be removed by a dental prophylaxis. If a growth on the gum becomes annoyingly large, it can be removed surgically. However, most symptoms disappear after pregnancy and the cessation of menstruation.

I

'M 20 and think of myself as average looking, but I have struggled with confidence in the past. I have used a few escorts. I know paying for sex is a debatable topic and where I live, it is illegal.

I treated the women respectfully. I am not a misogynist and didn't view it as buying sex. I believed it was consensual. I used protection, felt safe before, during and after, got tested and was negative for STDs. However, I regret it. I am trying to learn from that mistake and learn to accept myself every day. I'm ready to put it behind me. Through this I learned I'm a relationship guy. Maybe it was a good thing to get a bit of promiscuity out of the way. I would never think of doing it again because I believe I am a good person.

That said, if I were involved with a woman who was promiscuous or even admitted to being with a gigolo, it wouldn't change how I thought of her. But I know women feel differently.

I do care about people, but at the time I was foolish and naïve. I didn't know about trafficking and other dangers, and I never picked up women off the streets. They seemed like normal people to me.

It's not like I'm the first or last guy to do it. That's not the point, I know, but I know it's not that uncommon. I know I have something in common with Hugh Grant, Charlie Sheen, Jason Biggs and Jerry Springer.

Do you think I've damaged my chances for a relationship? Down the road, should I tell my partner? I'm young with my whole life ahead of me. I try to be an honest person, but I think this might be a skeleton that will never come out of my closet. Thoughts? Am I being too hard on myself?

KYLE Kyle, ask yourself three questions. Why do I want to tell? What do I expect from telling? When would I tell?

Would you tell to get it off your chest and feel better? Would you use telling as a test to see if a woman accepts you? Would you use telling to push a woman away from you? Can you see that unburdening yourself doesn't make it go away. It puts the burden on the other person.

What reaction might you expect from a woman? For "a girl next door" the whole concept of prostitution will be foreign. With her morals, would she accept you any more than she would accept a guy who deals drugs?

If you tell a girl with a past, she may be willing to accept you because, by comparison, her past doesn't look so bad. She may feel what you did is illegal and what she did is just trampy.

But don't think you can now calculate how you will feel about a girl with a past, because your own unforeseen reactions may surprise you. What was okay for you won't seem okay for her.

Plus, when to tell? First or second date? Six months? When it feels right?

What could you be putting in a woman's head? In the future he will pay for prostitutes.

Perhaps you need to tell a few times to see what happens. But you may lose someone you care about over this.

Our advice: a girlfriend isn't a therapist, and neither is a relationship. You don't get to use a relationship to dump guilt on someone else. But if you want a relationship, you need to absolutely know this behaviour will never reoccur using any rationalisation.

Not only will you hurt yourself, you will destroy another person's trust and confidence in you. Don't tell and don't do it again. That's what we suggest.

We are allowed to change and move forward, but if we haven't changed, we don't get to move forward. Wayne & Tamara

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

VII

Convicted murderer freed after fresh medical evidence was obtained

By George Barclay

IN August 1956, murder accused Lochan of Demerara was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of Ramcharitar, also called Samaroo.

The convicted man appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeal, which dismissed his appeal and affirmed his conviction and death sentence.

But with the help of the Director of Medical Services, and the Governor, a petition was sent to the Criminal Court of Appeal which included fresh evidence to prove that the man in death row was wrongly convicted, and requested that he be pardoned.

The Court constituted by Chief Justice Frank Holder, Justices Kenneth Stoby and J.A Luckhoo, studied the fresh medical evidence that included X-ray films and evidence of doctors.

Consequent to their conclusion, the said judges allowed the appeal, freed the convict by setting aside the conviction and death sentence.

Before quashing the conviction and death sentence the Criminal Court of Appeal said: “We trust that the comments which we now make will result in the present system being examined and an efficient arrangement devised which will prevent a repetition of any similar occurrence.”

The facts of the case disclosed that in August 1956, the appellant Lochan was convicted of the murder of Ramcharitar. He appealed against conviction and his appeal was dismissed in October 1956.

Under section 22 (a) of the Criminal Appeal Ordinance (Chapter 8) the Governor referred to the Court of Criminal Appeal a petition by the appellant, dated November 27, 1956, alleging that he had been wrongly convicted.

The evidence at the trial was that Ramcharitar died from a fracture of the seventh cervical vertebra which could have been caused by blows on the neck inflicted by the appellant.

No evidence was given at the trial of an X-ray examination of the suspected fracture and on appeal the

Court of Criminal Appeal expressed concern that the deceased was not X-rayed before being allowed to leave hospital.

Following on these comments investigation revealed that X-ray pictures had been taken which did not reveal a fracture and the Crown made this evidence available to the appellant.

After hearing fresh evidence relating to the X-ray examination, the Court admitted it on the ground that it was not in any true sense

opinion is tenable where it is based upon grounds which, even though they are not conclusive, are sufficient and reasonable but might be rejected by a jury, and the Court is not concerned with the correctness of an opinion expressed so long as the grounds on which it is founded are tenable.”

“Had the evidence of the surgeon and the radiologist, together with X-ray pictures been before the jury, they might in all probability have

available at the appellant’s trial.

Ramcharitar was admitted to hospital on December 26, and treated for suspected cervical fracture.

On December 28, 1955 the radiologist and the senior surgeon examined the X-ray pictures which did not reveal a cervical fracture.

Ramcharitar left hospital against medical advice on the December 30, 1955, and died on January 5, 1956.

Post mortem examination revealed the cause of death to be a fracture of the seventh cervical vertebra. The senior surgeon expressed the opinion that there was no possibility of a cervical fracture existing and no sign of it appearing on X-ray pictures properly taken.

He could definitely say that a fracture did not exist.

The radiologist agreed that it was possible but highly improbable that a cervical fracture could have existed and not been shown on X-ray pictures.

The pathologist stated that he would not be surprised if told that fracture of cervical vertebra which he had seen in post mortem examination was not revealed on X-ray pictures.

The Court of Criminal Appeal held that: “An

come to a different conclusion from the one to which they had come.”

“As a reasonable jury hearing that evidence and seeing the X-ay pictures and being properly directed might very likely have come to a different verdict.

The court would not grant a retrial.”

In its ruling, the Court of Criminal Appeal allowed the appeal and quashed he conviction.

Lawyers Mr. E.V. Luckhoo with Mr. J.O. F. Haynes appeared for the appellant.

Mr. S.S Ramphal, Acting Solicitor General, representedthe respondent.

After delivering the judgment, the Appellate Court said that it is satisfactory to note that as soon as the law officers became aware of the existence of the fresh evidence including the X-ray pictures, they placed it at the disposal of counsel for the appellant and so acted in accordance with the duties and responsibilities of counsel for the Crown.

The Chief Justice who delivered the judgment on behalf of the Court had said: “We feel that we must refer once again to the unfortunate circumstances which rise to this case being referred to us by the Governor.”

“It is a matter of deep

concern that arrangements at the Hospital were such that it was possible for evidence of vital importance in a trial involving the most serious crime to have remained unknown and not produced at the trial.”

“Neither the Police nor the Crown nor the defence was aware of its existence.

In consequence ,it was not available at the trial and has brought about a very unde-

sirable state of affairs.”

“It is difficult to escape the conclusion that the arrangements for producing medical testimony before the Courts are highly unsatisfactory. There should be no possibility of vital evidence remaining unknown to the police or the Law Officers of the Crown until months after the accused had been convicted.”

By George Barclay

“We wish to state that it is unfair to the Judge whose summing up was adequate on the evidence before him, unfair to the law Officers of the Crown, to the Police, to the public and unfair to the accused.”

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Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Meet Carollene

Leza Singh (Radika)

“I love drama, I love acting, and I love comedy.”

By Telesha Ramnarine

Carollene Leza Singh

‘RADIKA’ from Parika Backdam is actually named Carollene Leza Singh and though she grew up in Parika, she is not from the backdam. The 27-year-old comedian had no idea that she would be stuck with this name for the rest of her career but she certainly doesn’t mind it.

She wrote a script for the ‘Mori J’ Von Comedy Jam’ and the character’s name was Radika from Parika Backdam. She didn’t write it with the intention of playing the part but she ended up being cast in the role and that’s how she was left with the name. Radika is now known throughout Guyana and is one of the most loved and appreciated comedians.

Known especially for using an Indian Creole accent, Radika is proud of the fact that she is the only Indian female in Guyana at this point who performs standup comedy. Aside from this, her work can be seen in the popular ‘Nothing to Laugh About’ and ‘Uncensored.’

Radika attended Greenwich Park Primary School and after writing Common Entrance, went to St Roses High where she also completed sixth form. She pressed on to the University of Guyana where she obtained a degree in economics.

She worked for relatively short periods at the Ministries of Finance and Home Affairs before auditioning for Mori J’ Von Comedy Jam which she credits for bringing her out into theatre. Then there was ‘Uncensored’ which led her into standup comedy. “So Mori J’ Von gave me my acting career.

Stand-up comedy is a whole different arena all by itself. I think

One of Radika’s primary interests is ‘Nothing to Laugh About

Radika and Credit (Michael Ignatius) create quite a storm together on stage it is one of the hardest art forms that exist right now, at least in Guyana.”

“Drama was always something I wanted to do. I love drama, I love acting, and I love comedy. Mori J’ Von created an opportunity for me to actually do it because the other shows were already established and had their cast members so for you to come out of the blue and start acting, it was very difficult at that point in time,” Radika expressed in an interview at the Chronicle recently.

But even before Mori J’ Von, her confidence to go on stage and do certain things was boosted in church where she grew up participating in drama.

Radika said she doesn’t know why people appreciate her humour. “I think people just like stupidness. I try to be realistic with my comedy and most of my jokes come from what actually happens and I don’t even think people know that.

They think I’m just talking stupidness on stage. Most of my jokes are true. It might be slightly exaggerated but majority of them is true. Its things people tell me or things I would have experienced growing up.”

She said it’s good to know when people appreciate the work of local entertainers because the acting fraternity at present is quite difficult to endure. “Obviously you are not paid enough for what you do because when you calculate the time it takes to go to rehearsals; you have to turn up for rehearsals practically every day for acting. If you calculate your trans-

Continued on page XI

Radika, at right, with some of her workmates

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Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

“I love drama, I love acting ...

From page VIII

Radika from Parika Backdam portation, food for dinner, and then the amount of money you get, it doesn’t work out. But we do it because we love the arts and we love to do it. So that’s the only reason I’m in it; for the love of it,” Radika related.

In fact, she said production work in Guyana is very difficult. “The expenses are exorbitant. Guyana is starved for entertainment. We are more foreign minded than anything else.

The foreign artistes come in and we flock them and when our local artistes are there we don’t show them any appreciation.”

However, she does plan to stage a production as soon as she can raise money in the form of some sponsorship.

Furthermore, she is hoping to start a drama class in Parika in January for the kids in that area.

ALWAYS FRESH Radika said a good comedian would have excellent timing and would need to know just how to put over his/her jokes.

He/she also has to be spontaneous and know how to make adjustments on stage, especially with standup comedy.

“At times you write something and expect people to laugh and then they don’t and then you have to quickly adjust. I think very quickly. When I am on stage, I don’t think too much. It just comes. It comes naturally. It’s probably a gift,” she said.

Furthermore, Radika likes to keep it “fresh” on each occasion that she performs so that her audience will never hear one of her jokes repeated by her.

Radika believes in hard work to achieve what is desired.

“Work for what you want. Nobody else will give it to you. I believe if you want something, go after it. There’s nothing like a free lunch; there is always strings attached to something.

That’s deep. It’s true though.”

Guys: Radika is looking for a rich husband. “I’m looking at prospects. Times are hard!”

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XII

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Box office battle:

Deepika Padukone races ahead of Katrina Kaif, retains numero uno position!

WITH Happy New Year faring exceptionally well, Ms Padukone is back at the top and ruling the box office…

Last year, Deepika Padukone delivered four back-to-back blockbusters – Race 2, Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani, Chennai Express, Goliyon Ki Rasleela Ram-Leela – and swept away all the awards. This year the babe had only two releases yet she has managed to race ahead in the numbers game. While Homi Adajania’s Finding Fanny was a niche flick, Farah Khan’s big budget film Happy New Year has turned out to be the biggest blockbuster of this year. In fact, the musical extravaganza has already broken quite a few records of Katrina Kaif’s action thriller Bang Bang which is one of the highest grossing films of this year.

While Bang Bang collected Rs 94.13 crore in the opening weekend, HNY raked in Rs 108.86 crore in the same duration thus becoming the fastest film to enter the coveted Rs 100 crore club.

That’s not all! On day 1, Kat and Hrithik Roshan starrer had grossed Rs 27.54 crore. As for HNY, the film earned a staggering Rs 44.97 crore on the opening day and not only surpassed Bang Bang but also left behind Dhoom:3. So don’t be surprised if Farah Khan’s directorial venture goes on to create many more records at the box office.

With Happy New Year creating hungama at the ticket windows, DP has once become the reigning queen of Bollywood wethinks.

Interestingly, Deepika and Katrina’s big films have always released around the same time. Last year, Chennai Express came out during Eid and got cash registers jingling whereas Dhoom:3 hit the screens during Christmas re-wrote box office records. While the third installment of Dhoom franchise became the biggest grosser of all times, it was Dippy and not Katrina who walked away with all the awards and was tagged as the number 1 heroine as she had four super hit films to her credit. And this year too it’s Ranveer Singh’s ladylove who has shined with her performances and box office status

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Ronke Ojo Anthony

XIII

My boobs brought me to limelight —Ronke Ojo

By Ayo Onikoyi Ronke Ojo Anthony, whom everybody calls Oshodi Oke, due to her natural frontal endowment, is quite heavy. She is big in every ramification .If you want to be witty, naughty, smart or intelligent, Ronke is equal to the task and she is a good actress.

The star actress, in this interview reveals intimate secrets about her life, career, marriage and future ambitions.

How did you come about acting?

I started acting as a result of some challenges that came my way when growing up.

My father was a custom officer and my mother a grade II teacher. Things were smooth for us until my father had issues with the Nigeria Customs and there was a turn around. My mum’s income was not enough for our upkeep and as the first child of the family, I wanted to support her. I moved into selling of clothes and other petty businesses at Tincan Island .

But before that, I had loved entertainment, simply by watching home videos. Music and films were part of me. I had a cousin who I used to accompany to Fadeyi to see a friend of his. Then actors had their caucus known as ‘Star Parade’ there and each time we went visiting, I felt like becoming part of them.

In 1997, I walked up to Mufutau Oladokun (Baba Alaran) who later became my boss and that was how I found my way into the world of acting.

- See more at: http://www.vanguardngr. com/2014/10/my-boobs-brought-me-to-limelight-ronke-ojo/#sthash.hEA3b4AV.dpuf believe the blood of acting runs in my family. Even my father was a member of cultural and theatre group in his university days at Obafemi Awolowo University, O.A.U. He was also part of stage productions like Macbeth where he even acted as a lady. But It took me sixteen times to get a scene right the first time I was in front of the camera; Although the film didn’t leave the shelf.

Apart from your innate passion for acting, who else inspired you into acting?

The late Ireti. I loved her acting and I am glad I worked with her before her demise. She was my heroine and mentor.

Some people refer to you as an illiterate because you never attended a university, your comment?

I have a good background and valued education. But going to the university was something I had to sacrifice when things became rough for my family. I have the plan of going back to school but as the breadwinner of my family, a career woman, mother and a wife, it has not been easy. But when the time comes, I will, even if it means going abroad

to avoid distraction.

Your source of motivation?

I have seen many things in life that motivate me. But I get inspired when inside or around water. When I am in the bathroom, many things come to my mind. I love nature a lot.

Which film brought you to limelight?

It was Oshodi Oke, written and produced by Sunday Soyinka in 2000. A friend introduced me to him and I went to the location. On getting there, Iyabo Yoyo and the producer had issues and she left angrily. I didn’t know what was happening but I was given her role, the lead role in the movie. I never knew it was the lead role, the joy of having to take up such a big role was enough for me and I enjoyed every bit of it. When the film was premiered at the National Theatre, everybody loved it and that was when it dawned on me that I was cheated because I wasn’t made to understand I was taking a lead role or rewarded as such. But I was too happy to care, I shed tears.

How did you come about comedy?

It was Saheed Balogun who discovered that side of me when we were eating together in London. We were also watching a comedy film while eating. He looked sternly at me and told me I could do it. He did everything but I produced the film. All thanks to him.

How do you manage between comedy and other roles?

Acting is all make-believe and that is what it means to be called Ronke Oshodi Oke. Today, I could be a dancer, tomorrow a doctor and I must put out the character perfectly to remain relevant in the industry. Ronke Ojo and Ronke Oshodi Oke are two different people using one image.

You have big boobs, have they caused you any embarrassment?

Before now, I get ashamed of them. But I later began to see the beautiful side and stopped hiding them because they fit me.

People appreciate my boobs and I also love it.

My boobs are one of the things that brought me to limelight in the movie industry.

Is your boobs your selling point?

Yes, it is and apart from that it is one part of my body I cherish most.

How will you react to the increase in premarital sex among our youths?

Sex is a normal part of life just like money. I know I am a Yoruba ambassador but personally I believe any body above 18 and has a serious relationship can have sex even outside marriage. The couple should know what they have underneath their clothes before they get committed to each other for

life. What if I do not like the size as a lady?

Frankly, it is one of the reasons why many go into extra marital affairs. Even when a man has everything in the world and does not satisfy me sexually, there is serious trouble. I cannot go into a marriage and start regretting, besides, you won’t be able to tell your family members what you are going through in the name of marriage. I can not manage sex, it is either I enjoy it or disapprove it.

Are you happily married?

Yes, I am.

Why are you not living with your spouse?

- See more at: http://www.vanguardngr. com/2014/10/my-boobs-brought-me-to-limelight-ronke-ojo/#sthash.hEA3b4AV.dpuf prefer how we live apart. At the early stage of our courtship, it was a bone of contention but later he knew what I wanted and I appreciate him for that. If I really want to be successful in my marriage and career, this is how best we feel we can go about it.

It was also gathered that you once broke up with your spouse?

I met my husband in1999 after Ronke Oshodi Oke came out. We became lovers in 2000 but we could not move to the next level because of certain differences. Most Nigerian guys would think twice before marrying an actress. We dated for four years and went our separate ways. In-between those four years I met another guy whom I had my first child for. A year after I had my first issue, my then lover, who is now my husband came back and we began our affair in secret, though he proposed to me three times during the time.

Why the secret affair?

I did not want to have kids for different men. But because we were best of friends, he was always there for me and we were in love, we settled our differences and came back together.

Why did you leave the father of your first child?

He wanted me to come stay in Canada with him and I can not live outside Nigeria for any reason, I can only go visiting . Moreover, living in Canada will affect my career. I could not get happiness from the union but I waited five years before going into another marriage officially.

Can we say it is one of the reasons you are reluctant to live with your husband?

Not at all. It only shows we understand ourselves very well. My husband is my friend.

How have you been coping as mother, career woman and a wife?

It has not been easy but as an African woman I have been managing well. Besides, I have a very supportive mother and an understanding husband. My children stay with

my mum and I come around when I am free.

Despite your popularity, why did it take so long to get citizenship card for your son?

Getting a citizenship card has its processes irrespective of who you are and I don’t believe in using the back door in doing things.

If you have the chance to marry an actor, which actor would you go for?

Many journalists have asked this same question but I dodge the question each time.

Honestly, I would go for Akin Lewis because he is a very matured man who I hold in high esteem.

Yoruba films seem to promote the act of one person doing almost everything in a film, why?

Film-making ought to be a division of labour but at the same time, one can decide to be a jack of all trades so far it is done well. At times, there could be difficulty in getting the right person for the job. If you could not get a person to interprete a particular role, what is wrong with doing it yourself? I am not good at scriptwriting so I invite someone who does that for me and we later come together to edit.

What are those things you think need to be changed or corrected in Nollywood?

I will do a thorough screening of those joining the industry. Different people have different talents. Not all of us must be in front of the cameras. There is a place for everyone.

We can not all be in entertainment too.

Why is single motherhood on the increase in Nigeria?

Our men want to live the way our forefathers did, and it is almost impossible. But our fathers never asked their wives for money. I mean they didn’t share financial responsibilities with their wives and this made it easy for their wives to be 100% dependent, loyal and respectful to them. It will be difficult for a man who shares responsibilities with his wife to control her fully. Many homes today have the wife as the breadwinner.

And this is not because the man does not have money but because he is only irresponsible and doesn’t want to face his responsibilities squarely. I cannot respect a man who does not know how I do my things or even respect my opinion.

When we have two masters in a ship, the ship will capsize. Many men have one wife but with numerous concubines.

How do you relate with male friends?

I relate with them like any other lady. It is just one of the principles of life that opposite sex attracts one another more.

Anything new from you?

I am working on a comedy film that will be in pidgin English to make it universal. Also, I will be releasing my album

by November 17th featuring Oritsefemi and others.

XIV

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Google is developing cancer and heart attack detector GOOGLE Search, commonly referred to as Google Web Search or just Google, is a web search engine owned by Google Inc. It is the most-used search engine on the World Wide Web, handling more than three billion searches each day…WOW! Three billion…

Google hopes to develop a wristband that would carry out non-invasive blood tests…so from a search giant to medical inventor? Cool!

Google is aiming to diagnose cancers, impending heart attacks or strokes and other diseases, at a much earlier stage than is currently possible.

The company is working on technology that combines disease-detecting nano-particles, which would enter a patient’s bloodstream via a swallowed pill, with a wrist-worn sensor.

The idea is to identify slight changes in the person’s biochemistry that could act as an early warning system.

Early diagnosis is the key to treating disease. Many cancers, such as pancreatic, are detected only after they have become untreatable and fatal. There are marked differences between cancerous and healthy tissues.

Google’s ambition is to constantly monitor the blood for the unique traces of cancer, allowing diagnosis long before any physical symptoms appear.

The project is being conducted by the search company’s research unit, Google X, which is dedicated to investigating potentially revolutionary innovations.

It marks the firm’s latest shift into the medical sector following its work on glucose-measuring contact lenses for patients with diabetes and the acquisition of a start-up that developed a spoon to counteract the tremors caused by Parkinson’s disease.

Google has also bought stakes in Calico, an anti-ageing research company, and 23andMe, which offers personal genetic-testing kits.

NANOPARTICLES The diagnostic project is being led by Dr Andrew Conrad, a molecular biologist who previously developed a cheap HIV test that has become widely used.

I think what Google is trying to do is change medicine from reactive and transactional to proactive and preventative.

Evidently, Nanoparticles give you the ability to explore the body at a molecular and cellular level. Google is designing a suite of nanoparticles which are intended to match markers for different conditions. They could be tailored to stick to a cancerous cell or a fragment of cancerous DNA. Or they could find evidence of fatty plaques about to break free from the lining of blood vessels. These can cause a heart

attack or stroke if they stop the flow of blood. Another set would constantly monitor chemicals in the blood.

High levels of potassium are linked to kidney disease.

Google believes it will be possible to construct porous nanoparticles that alter colour as potassium passes through.

As part of the project, the researchers have also explored ways of using magnetism to concentrate the nanoparticles temporarily in a single area.

The tech company’s ambition is ultimately to create a wristband that would take readings of the nanoparticles via light and radio waves one or more times a day. Go Google… make it happen!

BlackBerry has unveiled a new smartphone… …has a markedly old-school feel.

The term BlackBerry refers to a line of wireless handheld devices and services designed and marketed by BlackBerry Limited, formerly known as Research In Motion Limited (RIM).

The “BlackBerry Classic” has all the old BlackBerry staples, including a trackpad, navigation keys, and a physical keyboard. But it has an updated look, a bigger screen, and it runs BlackBerry’s latest BlackBerry 10 operating system.

Essentially, it’s a slightly more modern take on the BlackBerry Curve or BlackBerry Bold from several years ago.

Even as BlackBerry says that it’s shifting focus away from its poor-selling devices, there remains a passionate, core group of customers that love their “CrackBerries”. But BlackBerry’s product line-up has evolved in recent years, gaining touch screens and other bells and whistles that try to mimic the iPhone and Android smartphones.

Some BlackBerry devices have delved into the truly outlandish, including the giant, square BlackBerry Passport and the $1,950 P’9983 smartphone designed by Porsche. BlackBerry acknowledged that those phones aren’t for everybody particularly longstanding BlackBerry fans.

The classic and especially the passport are just so underutilized which is a shame because they’re far better than many of the “popular” smartphones.

Personally, I think that’s smart. Instead of trying to be like the “big boys”, focus on what you’ve done that people enjoy using and make it the best it can be. I wish Microsoft would follow that advice… nonetheless they (Microsoft) do not respect tradition, only innovation. Again, are we all in for that? There’s also demand for a high

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

XIX

Linden The mystique location that foretells of intriguing tourism potential

By Alex Wayne I gulped in great puffs of almost blissful air made more refreshing with the scent of fresh green leaves, tropical flowers and that heady but pleasant scent that wafers up from the soil as it braves the scorch of the tropical sun.

I looked out of the bus window and marvelled at the lush greenery on both sides as it flew by in a blur made more arresting with the fusion of white sandy hills and mystical valleys.

Soon we were winding in out and out of dreamy hills, on a twisting road that spiralled upwards on breath-taking highways, before floating down like elated swans through valleys that sported natural waterways, alluring alleyways and paths that disappeared amongst a lush setting of brilliant tree species.

I was headed to the mining town of Linden, and trust me folks I was more than enjoying the luxurious ride.

Well that is if I am to avoid mentioning the ‘hair-raising speed’ at which the minibus driver was making his way there.

At times I was sorely tempted to object, but over time I have learnt to be less vocal in such instances since the silly people aboard these buses are known to ‘jump down yuh throat,’ if you should try to admonish drivers for their reckless speeding.

Then we were rolling into the makings of Linden and I marvelled at the still somewhat ‘yester-year beauty’ of the mining town.

The famous Blue What I liked instantly Lake at Linden is that there seemed to be enough police presence there and I noted this as a plus for residents.

As we drove around in some areas I could see a few cattle, horses and sheep as they tried to get their fill of the grass that was not so much thriving in this town.

This town however in some ways still bore startling resemblance of locations in the countryside, as was evident with the cows that still made the asphalt or red brick roads their beds and toilet.

This place was striking I had to agree, but the community had seen better times though. Some houses were in serious

disrepair but some were still managing to maintain their homes to a reasonable degree.

But one thing that certainly stayed affixed to my imaginative mind was a vivid recount of my journey. I kept reminiscing on the seemingly endless miles of straight road bounded by hills of white, beach-quality sand and emerald jungle. The hills were moderately high with the exception of Moblissa Hill which rose quite sharply. Small Amerindian villages, active sand pits and even a few campsites and glistening black-water creeks.

I had been certainly taken back with the picturesque view what was called Linmine (the bauxite company that belched smoke high above the town.

Linden is a progressive town built exclusively on the back of the once thriving bauxite industry. But when demand for this major export declined so too did the community and it

still shows in a few places.

The town is still busy but for me in an idle sort of a way.

Linden is the second largest town in Guyana after Georgetown, and capital of the Upper Demerara-Berbice region, located at 6°0?0?N 58°18?0?W / 6°N 58.3°W / 6; -58.3, altitude 48 metres (160 feet). It was declared a town in 1970, and includes the communities of MacKenzie and Wismar. It lies on the Demerara River and has a population of close to 80,000.

It is primarily a bauxite mining town, containing many mines 60–90 metres deep, with many other pits now in disuse.

Linden is the largest urban centre in Guyana that does not have a university, since the University of Guyana is located in Turkeyen, which is part of Greater Georgetown.

The mining company runs a colonial-era guest house, with other hotels including the Summit Hotel, Starbonnet Hotel, and a few others.

Schools in Linden include Mackenzie High School, established in 1946 and similar institutions located at Wismar. Snaking silently and bisecting the town into two, is the Mackenzie River.

LINDEN IN TIMES GONE BY Speaking to Lindener, Jermaine Mc Bean I was informed that today there are just too many sellers and very few buyers. He opined that although the infrastructure had taken a beating, there seemed to be a sense of hope that brighter days would return for residents.

But there is still laughter and merrying at every corner.

Mc Bean noted that, way back in 1996, Vibert, as a young and coming insurance man, was placed in charge of the Linden Branch Office for Hand-In-Hand Insurance Company.

He explained that three villages that made up Linden were previously known as Wismar-MacKenzie-Christianburg, but were renamed/unified in 1970 as a township under the name Linden by then President Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham.

As history would dictate in 1964, Wismar was the site of the Wismar Massacre, where rioting targeted at the Indian minority also led to the widespread destruction of property. The disturbances started on Wednesday May 20, escalating to murder on May 25 before the arrival of British troops on Tuesday May 26. During this period more than two hundred properties were said to be destroyed by fire and more than fifty people reported physical assaults, including at least seven rapes.

The riots also claimed five lives, R. Khan and P. Mirgin,

Continued on page XX

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Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Chris Soules Is The Hottest ‘Bachelor’ Ever In First Official Pic

Kendra Wilkinson & Hank Baskett Renew Their Wedding Vows SO shocking! While filming ‘Marriage Boot Camp,’ Kendra decided to take Hank back after his alleged affair. They even renewed their wedding vows, a source tells HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY. Find out all the details!

Evidence be damned! Kendra Wilkinson has made the shocking decision to stay with her husband, Hank Baskett, after he allegedly cheated on her with a transsexual model.

Hank and Kendra, 29, renewed their vows while filming Marriage Boot Camp, HollywoodLife.com has EXCLUSIVELY learned.

Hank Baskett & Kendra Wilkinson Renew Wedding Vows On ‘Marriage Boot Camp’ “There is a vow renewal ceremony on Marriage Boot Camp toward the end of the season,” a source tells Holly-

woodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY. In Touch magazine reported that Hank presented Kendra with a replica of the wedding ring she flushed down the toilet, but our source says that’s not true.

When the episodes air, viewers will see Kendra and Hank go through “variations of exercises [to help improve their relationship] and some will be recurring, and the vow renewal exercise is one of them,” our source says.

Filming “was definitely a roller coaster for the both of them just because of everything that has been going on — there were highs, there were lows, there were great moments, there were sad moments, there were bad moments.” Luckily, viewers will get to see all of that play out when the WE tv reality series premieres later this year, our source say

HOLLYWOOD Life.com broke the news that Chris was the next ‘Bachelor’ — we told you first and here is the official photo!

Chris Soules is the sexiest Bachelor ever! After winning the hearts of millions of viewers on Andi Dorfman‘s season of The Bachelorette, Chris will now be the one handing out the roses. And based on the appearance of Chris — in the first official photo of him — as ABC’s new leading man, we know we’re going to have fun watching him do so.

Chris Soules’ ‘Bachelor’ First Official Photo: He’s The

Kylie Jenner’s Lips: Wasting Youth By Trying To Be ‘Perfect’ — Expert Says KYLIE Jenner seems to be on a mission to make her lips as plump as humanly possible! As an expert reveals to HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY, 17-year-old Kylie is totally wasting her youth in her quest to be ‘perfect.’

Poor Kylie Jenner. It can’t be easy to have the world watching your every move at just 17 years old! However, the way that Kylie has chosen to deal with the world’s attention seems to be by making artificial enhancements to her already-gorgeous face. While she hasn’t confirmed that she’s done any work on her lips, there’s no denying that they’re totally huge compared

to when she was younger! As an expert reveals to HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY, she is wasting her youth in her mission to be “perfect.”

Kylie Jenner’s Plastic Surgery Lips: Wasting Youth By Trying To Be ‘Perfect’ “The girl is only 17, and has already had other body enhancements,” Dr. Gilda Carle, Relationship Expert To The Stars, reveals to HollywoodLife. com. “By the time she’s in her twenties, she will have run out of body parts to improve — yet, still be unhappy that she hasn’t reached perfection.”(Source: Hollywood.com)

John Carter Cash: Johnny Cash’s Son Arrested For Getting Naked At Airport How embarrassing! Johnny Cash’s 44-year-old son was arrested at a Canadian airport after he drunkenly stripped naked in the terminal, according to a new report. The late country music legend is likely rolling in his grave.

John Carter Cash, 44, was returning home to Tennessee from a hunting trip in Newfoundland, Canada on Oct. 28, when he allegedly stripped naked in an airport terminal while waiting to catch a flight home.

John, the only son of Johnny Cash and June Carter, was subsequently arrested, a new report claims.

Johnny Cash’s Son Arrested — John Carter Cash Strips Naked In Airport Police reportedly were called to Deer Lake Airport at 2:10 P.M. when a man, who was later identified as John Carter Cash, was seen taking his clothes off in the terminal, Daily Mail reports.

By the time authorities arrived on the scene, however, security had already convinced John to put his clothes back on. They also allegedly realized

he was drunk.

John was held in police custody until he was sober. Thus, he missed his flight. But because he had no prior record, police reportedly let him go without pressing formal charges.

Johnny Cash Battled Alcoholism During His Lifetime Unfortunately, this may be case of history repeating itself. Johnny Cash had a problem with alcohol during his lifetime.

Johnny was in and out of rehab for most of his career. The late country music legend last went to rehab in 1992 at a center in Loma Linda, California.

Johnny also followed him to the facility for treatment as well.

Johnny Cash died in 2003, four months after June Carter passed away.

We certainly hope Johnny finds the help he needs and doesn’t let something like this happen again.

Sexiest Bachelor Yet “Traditional. Classic.

All-American,” is how ABC is describing their new leading man. The fan favorite farmer, as noted by E!, comes from a town in Iowa with a population of just 427 people, so it’ll be interesting to see how his bachelorettes react to that.

As the official poster states, The Bachelor will return to ABC on Monday, Jan. 5 at 8 P.M. ET! And don’t forget — HollywoodLife.com broke the news that Chris was the next Bachelor in June.

‘The Bachelorette’: Chris Soules To Be Next ‘Bachelor’ “Chris the Farmer is the new Bachelor,” a source close to show told HollywoodLife. com at the time. “He makes it far in Andi’s season and the audience really connected with him.”

Despite our reveal, Chris being named as the next Bachelor was still a surprise to fans because he wasn’t announced by Chris Harrison during the After The Final Rose ceremony, following the conclusion of Andi’s season. Normally, the next Bachelor or Bachelorette is often named during the ATFR ceremonies.

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

XV

(A look at some of the stories that made the news ‘back-in-the-day’ with CLIFFORD STANLEY)

PAN WEEK (Daily Chronicle April 2, 1972)

A National Church Service to mark the opening of the first Steelband Week of Guyana will be held at the St. George’s Cathedral at 4.30 p.m. today.

The service which will be attended by steelband players , tuners and the general public will be conducted by the Dean of Georgetown the Rev. R.O.George.

The Silvertones Steelband will play the “Halleujah Chorus” among other religious tunes during the service.

TEENAGE ARTISTRY (Daily Chronicle October 31, 2012)

Two teenaged school children will see their paintings exhibited on Guyana’s Christmas stamps this year.

Veronica Bassoo and Ronald Austin will also be awarded prizes for winning a Christmas Stamp competition for students.

Veronica of Dolphin Government school won first prize for painting “The Lord’s Prayer” while Ronald of Central High came second with his “Masquerade”.

They will receive their awards on November 15 next.

by the National Trust for their architectural importance.

The GRAPHIC also learnt yesterday that other buildings identified for preservation because of their historical and cultural significance are the Victoria Law Courts and City Hall on the Avenue of the Republic, Sacred Heart Church on Main Street, St. George’s Cathedral, St. Phillip’s Church, Leguan and a Hindu Temple at Woodley Park, West Coast Berbice.

A Bill passed in Parliament on Monday provides for the setting up of a nine member corporate body to be known as a National Trust which will be charged with the responsibility of preserving sites, buildings , monuments and other things of historical and cultural importance to the nation.

As a result of research done by the National History and Arts Council, a number of pre-historical and historical sites , wilderness areas and sites of natural beauty have also been identified for preservation by the National Trust.

These include in terms of pre-historic sites, the famous Timehri engravings in the interior region, rock carvings in the Cuyuni and a mound at Port Mourant.

The sites of historical importance will include Orealla in Berbice where Sir Walter Raleigh is believed to have made his first landing in the country; an area in Kamuni, Demerara River, reputed to have been a Chinese settlement, Fort Nassau, Fort Island and Kyk-over-All. A windmill at Hogg Island and the old Dutch built koker in Kingston, north of the Rice Marketing Board will be among other historical sites to be preserved.

The wilderness areas and sites of natural beauty to be declared of historical importance by the Trust will include Mount Roraima and Great Falls.

YOU MUST PAY TO LISTEN

(Daily Chronicle January 14, 1972)

Magistrate Rupert Trim yesterday told 20 persons, mostly women, that if they wanted to listen to “Auntie Cumsie,” the “Guiding Light” and “So help me God” they must take out their radio licenses.

Fines totalling over $150,000 were collected from them for not taking out radio licenses for 1972.

OPERATION MAKONAIMA (Guyana Graphic October 2, 1972) Exotic Caribbean entertainment, Guyana’s first major movie with a big local star cast. If you have not seen this fast moving action hit, we urge you to do so today at 5 and 8.45 P.M. Tomorrow and daily at 1.00, 5.00 and 8.45 P.M. At the Metropole. Also showing at the Radio City Cinema- Skeldon. Children under sixteen years of age must be accompanied by an adult.

PALMS CHRISTMAS NEXT CAT; LOTTERY MAY AMONG TOP $20,000 BUILDINGS DOG SHOW SEPTEMBER TO BE (Daily Chronicle April 2, 1972) PRESERVED (Guyana Graphic July 26, 1972) (Daily Chronicle November 11, 1971)

THE PALMS.. the institution being run by the Government on Brickdam for the poor… is to be among at least nine buildings to be preserved

The first National Dog and Cat Show made a net profit of $646.52.

This was revealed on Friday March 24 when those responsible for staging the show met and officially elected a committee responsible for the affairs of future National Dog &Cat shows.

Mr. B.A. Banister was elected to Chairman, Mr. J.Martin, Treasurer, Mr. B.A.Fernandes, Secretary with Mr. C.I. Veerasammy , Dr. P. Fernandes , Dr. B. Sanford, P.A.Holder Esq; Mr. E. Driver, Senior Superintendent Skip Roberts , Insp. Fernandes, Mrs. A. Martin and S. Saffee as members of the Committee.

In view of the interest shown by dog &cat lovers and the success the show was , the Committee has decided to stage another show early in September.

It was decided to hold the show on a Sunday so as to give more people a chance of participation.

The Financial Statement shows: Gate Re ceipts-$465.88, Sales of food & drinks $284; Donations Advertisement Prizes $155; Entries $229; -Total $1133.88.

Advertisements Newspapers: $146.25; Purchase block advertisement $30; Purchase food & sausages $84; Stationery & Postage $547; Hire PA system $30; Printing tickets & posters $37; Purchase of prizes $105.70. Printing of programme $36.94; Security Guards $12; Profit $646.52 Total -$1133.88.

The guaranteed first prize in the National Christmas Lottery is expected to exceed $20,000.

This was disclosed by an official of the Government Lottery Control Committee when commenting on the sale of lottery tickets.

He said that as at today’s date, an unusually large number of tickets had already been sold and if the sales continued the same way the guaranteed first prize would for the first time ever, top the $20,000 mark.

The Christmas Lottery is scheduled to be drawn on December 20 outside Bookers Universal Store.

Tickets are being sold at $1.00 each and quarters can be purchased at 25 cents each.

BIG REGATTA AT LINDEN

(Guyana Graphic July 10, 1972)

THE SPONSORS of the Linden Regatta next month are intensifying their efforts to make this year’s water sports the greatest and biggest ever.

Already 15 boats have been registered to participate in the Regatta expected to be held on August 6 next.

(Clifford Stanley can be reached to discuss any of the foregoing articles at cliffantony@gmail.com or cell phone # 694 0913)

XVI

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Physicist, Scientist (1845–1923) -Was a Nobel-winning German scientist who is credited with the discovery of X-rays RÖNTGEN was the only son of Friedrich Conrad Röntgen, a cloth manufacturer and merchant of Lennep, who belonged to an old Lutheran Rhineland family. His wife, Charlotte Constanze Frowein, was born in Holland, although her family, too, came originally from Lennep. When their son was three, they moved to Appeldoorn in Holland, and here Röntgen attended a private boarding school, the Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn.

He seems not to have been a particularly studious boy, preferring to be out-of-doors and to use his hands. There is some doubt concerning the exact course of Röntgen’s education until he entered the Utrecht Technical School in December 1862, at the age of sixteen. Apparently he was expelled from a school in Utrecht for refusing to identify a classmate who had caricatured one of the masters.

The continuity of his formal progress toward the university was thus broken, and he was never accepted as a regular student by the University of Utrecht—to his own and his parents’ distress. After two-and-a-half years at the Technical School, and nine months’ attendance at the philosophy classes of the university, he passed an examination to enter the Polytechnic at Zurich, as a student of mechanical engineering.

Röntgen was extremely happy in Switzerland, both in his work and in his social life. He received his diploma as a mechanical engineer in 1868 and his doctor of philosophy degree a year later. With these qualifications he became assistant to the professor of physics, August Kundt, whose friendship and support greatly furthered Röntgen’s career.

While working in Zurich, Röntgen met his future wife, Anna Bertha Ludwig, the daughter of a German exile. In 1871 Röntgen accompanied Kundt to the University of Würzburg, and the following year he married Bertha Ludwig. The couple had no children, but they adopted Bertha Röntgen’s niece in 1887.

Würzburg saw the real beginning of Röntgen’s academic career, although at first he was disappointed because the university refused to give him any academic position, since he lacked the formal educational requirements. Shortly after his marriage, he moved to Strasbourg with Kundt, where he became tutor in the very fine Physical Institute. He spent the year 1875 as professor at the Agricultural Academy of Hohenheim, but he missed the excellent equipment at Strasbourg and soon returned there to teach theoretical physics.

The series of papers he produced during the next two years resulted in his being offered the chair of physics at the University of Giessen, in Hesse.

From 1879 to 1888 he worked at Giessen, building such a reputation that he was offered professorships at both Jena and Utrecht. He was not tempted to move, however, until the Royal University of Würzburg offered him the joint posts of professor of physics and director of the Physical Institute.

In 1894 he became rector of the University of Würzburg. The following year Röntgen made his momentous discovery of X-rays, which brought him international fame. He was made an honorary doctor of medicine of Würzburg in 1896, an

WILHELM RONTGEN honorary citizen of his birthplace, Lennep, and a corresponding member of the Berlin and Munich academies. On November 30,1896 the Royal Society of London awarded jointly to Röntgen and Lenard the Rumford Medal. In 1900 Columbia University awarded Röntgen the Barnard Medal.

The final accolades for this unassuming scientist were the erection of his statue on the Potsdam Bridge in Berlin, and the award, in 1901, of the first Nobel Prize for physics. He gave his prize money to further scientific studies at the University of Würzburg. In 1900, at the request of

the Bavarian government, Röntgen moved from Würzburg to the chair of physics and the directorship of the Physical Institute at Munich.

Röntgen’s last years were shadowed by the distresses and privations of World War I. His wife died after a long illness in 1919, and in 1920 he retired from his chair at Munich. He spent a great deal of his time at his country house at Weilheim, near Munich, where he had an extensive library.

He continued to work and to enjoy long country walks until the year before his death, which followed a short illness.

Röntgen’s early training as an engineer and his years as Kundt’s assistant at Würzburg, where there was no laboratory mechanic, formed his lifelong habit of making his own apparatus. He was, indeed, the meticulously conscientious experimenter. Röntgen invariably worked alone in the laboratory, and with nothing to disturb his concentration, he was able to develop acute powers of observation. He was able to detect and measure extremely small effects, for example, the compressibility of liquids and solids and the rotation of the plane of polarisation of light in gases. His reticence caused him to shun public engagements, and he never acquired the requisite lecturer’s skills. He even declined to give the expected lecture when he won the Nobel Prize.

Röntgen was well known for his assiduous reading of the scientific literature, yet he never allowed his retiring and studious nature to interfere with his university administrative duties. His attitude to his profession is clearly defined in the address that he gave in 1894, when he became rector of Würzburg University; The University is a nursery of scientific research and mental education, a place for the cultivation of ideals for students as well as for teachers. Her significance as such is much greater than her practical usefulness, and for this reason one should endeavour, in filling vacant places, to choose men who have distinguished themselves as investigators and promotors of Science, and not only as teachers; for every genuine scientist, whatever his line, who takes his task seriously, fundamentally follows purely ideal goals and is an idealist in the best sense of the word. Teachers and students of the University should consider it a great honour to be members of this organization. Pride in one’s profession is demanded, but not professional conceit, snobbery or academic arrogance, all of which grow from false egotism [Glasser, 1933, p. 100].

Continued on page XVII

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

XVII

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Physicist ...

From page XVI

In all, Röntgen wrote fifty-eight papers, some with collaborators.

Most of them were published in Annalen der Physik und Chemie.

The fifteen Strasbourg publications covered such topics as the ratio of the specific heats of gases, the conductivity of heat in crystals, and the rotation of the plane of polarisation of light in gases.

Four papers on this last subject were the result of his joint work with Kundt. It was only because of the very high level of their experimental skill that the phenomenon was able to be observed and measured, something that Faraday had not been able to achieve. During Röntgen’s professorship at Giessen, he published eighteen papers.

Work on the relation between light and electricity was being done

by Röntgen at much the same time as by Kerr, who discovered the effect that bears his name. As part of his lifelong interest in crystals, he studied pyroelectrical and piezoelectrical phenomena.

Having constructed a very sensitive air thermometer, he was able to measure the absorption of heat in water vapour, and his flair for experiment was also shown by his work on the compressibility of liquids and solids.

Röntgen’s fame rests on two pieces of work, both of which were far outside his normal field of research. The discovery of X-rays is the more famous, but the earlier one concerned the magnetic effects produced in a dielectric, such as a glass plate, when it is moved between two electrically charged condenser plates. He set himself to test the electromagnetic theory of Maxwell, which implies that there will be a magnetic field in a dielectric whenever the electric field changes. In 1878 Rowland claimed to have detected the magnetic effect caused by the motion of electrostatic charges, but others could not repeat the experiments. For Röntgen here was a challenge. In a paper published in 1888 he demonstrated beyond doubt both the reality of the effect and the ability of Maxwell’s theory to explain it quantitatively.

H. A. Lorentz named the effect the “roentgen current,” and Röntgen himself considered it as having as much importance as his discovery of X-rays because it led to the theories of Lorentz and is the basis for modern theories of electricity.

During the eleven years which

he spent at Würzburg, Röntgen published eighteen papers, the final three embodying the discovery of X-rays. The earlier papers dealt with the effects of pressure on the physical properties of solids and liquids. While professor at Munich, administrative work took up so much of his time that only seven papers were produced between 1900 and 1921. These were concerned with the physical properties of crystals, their electrical conductivity, and the influence of radiation on them. The investigations published in 1914 on pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity proved of particular significance in clarifying the real nature of these effects.

It is, of course, for the discovery

screen, Röntgen completely covered his discharge tube with a black card, and then chanced to notice that such a screen lying on a bench some distance away was glowing brightly. Although others had operated Crookes tubes in laboratories for over thirty years, it was Röntgen who found that X-rays are emitted by the part of the glass wall of the tube that is opposite the cathode and that receives the beam of cathode rays. He spent six weeks in absolute concentration, repeating and extending his observations on the properties of the new rays. He found that they travel in straight lines, cannot be refracted or reflected, are not deviated by a magnet, and can travel about two metres in air. He soon discovered the pen-

of X rays, as he called them, that Röntgen is known to the general public. In Germany, the name given to the rays is more usually Röntgenstrahlen. It is now known that X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, as is light. The wavelengths of X-rays are very short, occupying the region 0.01 to 50 angstroms.

On Friday November 8, 1895, Röntgen first suspected the existence of a new phenomenon when he observed that crystals of barium platinocyanide fluoresced at some distance from a Crookes tube with which he was experimenting. Again, this investigation into gas discharges was outside his normal field of interest. Hertz and Lenard had published on the penetrating powers of cathode rays (electrons), and Röntgen thought that there were unsolved problems worth investigation. He found time to begin his repetition of their experiments in October 1895. As a preliminary to viewing the cathode rays on a fluorescent

etrating properties of the rays, and was able to produce photographs of balance-weights in a closed box, the chamber of a shotgun, and a piece of non-homogeneous metal; he also noticed the outlines of the bones in his fingers on these photographs. The apparent magical nature of the new rays was something of a shock even to Röntgen, and he, naturally, wished to be absolutely sure of the repeatability of the effects before publishing. On December 22 he brought his wife into the laboratory and made an X-ray photograph of her hand. It was no doubt the possibility of seeing living skeletons, thus pandering to man’s morbid curiosity that contributed to the peculiarly rapid worldwide dissemination of the discovery.

The first communication on the rays, on December 28, was to the editors of the Physical and Medical Society of Würzburg, and by 1 January 1896 Röntgen was able to send reprints and, in some cases, photographs to his friends and colleagues. Emil

Warburg displayed some of the photographs at a meeting of the Berlin Physical Society on 4 January. The Wiener Presse carried the story of the discovery on January 5, and on the following day the news broke around the world. The world’s response was remarkably swift, both the general public and the scientific community reacting in their characteristic ways.

For the former, the apparent magic caught the imagination, and for the latter, Crookes tubes and generators were promptly sold in great numbers.

After a royal summons, Röntgen demonstrated the effects of X rays to the Kaiser and the court on January 13. He was immediately awarded the Prussian Order of the Crown, Second Class.

In March 1896, a second paper on X-rays was published, and there followed a third in 1897, after which Röntgen returned to the study of the physics of solids. He had shown clearly the uses of the new rays for medicine and metallurgy, and so founded radiology, but the discovery of the nature of the rays and other applications he left to others. The hypothesis that X-rays were transverse electromagnetic rays was proved by the experiments of Friedrich and Knipping, based on Laue’s idea of using a crystal as a diffraction grating. The possibility of an X-ray spectrometer was developed brilliantly

by Moseley, whose papers of 1913 and 1914 showed the physical significance of atomic numbers and predicted the existence of three undiscovered elements.

X-rays must have been produced by others long before Röntgen, probably with some of the electrical apparatus used during the eighteenth century.

Crookes himself, in 1879, complained of fogged photographic plates that happened to be stored near his cathode-ray tubes. A. W. Goodspeed and W. N. Jennings in Philadelphia in 1890 noticed a peculiar blackening of photographic plates after having demonstrated a Crookes tube, but they failed to follow up their observation.

Lenard and some other German physicists had noticed the fluorescence near Crookes tubes, but since they were concentrating on studying the properties of cathode rays, the strange side effects were not examined.

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Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Pepperpot’s weekly Health Digest… with Asif Hakim…

Natural Remedies for Swollen Feet or Ankles THANKS to our feet, we’re able to get to some pretty cool places. However, when the humidity sets in, if you’re pregnant, or if you carry around a bit of excess weight, you might be the victim of swollen feet and ankles on a regular basis.

Luckily, along with resting your tender tootsies, there are plenty of effective home remedies to treat painfully swollen feet at home so you can get back out and enjoy the world.

Epsom Salt Soak Epsom salts work magic on painfully swollen feet. And dissolving a few cups in your bathwater will do the trick on fatigued tootsies, calves and ankles. If you don’t want to waste water on a full bath, you can always prepare an Epsom salt foot bath in a shallow bucket of water.

Yoga Gentle exercises such as yoga postures can do much to encourage blood circulation, which will stop blood from pooling in certain areas like the feet and ankles. Yoga inversion postures that elevate the feet above the heart can also alleviate pressure and swelling on fatigued lower extremities.

Magnesium Supplements If you suffer from painfully swollen feet, ankles and

calves regularly, you may want to ask your health care provider if magnesium supplements might relieve pain. Oftentimes, a magnesium deficiency can contribute to inflammation of the feet.

Elevate your Tootsies Inverted gravity can be a great ally to swollen feet and ankles. Try propping up your lower legs in bed using a pillow so that your feet are elevated above your heart and encourage fluid to drain away, and be absorbed, or eliminated (via urination) by the body.

Foot Massage A foot massage is one of the best remedies for swollen feet and ankles. When you are on your feet all day long, blood flow is often restricted, causing fluid to pool in the feet. However, regular massage to the area can help encourage better blood flow in the lower extremities.

Hydrate Oftentimes, just drinking more water throughout the day will help dilute sodium and caffeine, main contributors to lower inflammation. Drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water per day will help flush toxins out of the body. Try adding a few slices of lemon for the added anti-inflammatory benefits.

Essential Oils Adding anti-inflammatory essential oils— such as peppermint, eucalyptus, lemon, or

lavender—to your massage oil or bathwater will do much to relieve the pain and swelling in your feet and ankles.

Swimming When you take a swim you are buoyant. It’s one of the few activities that don’t demand anything from our lower extremities. Taking the impact off of your feet, ankles, and calves during a 30-minute swim each day can lessen swelling and relive inflammation pain.

Support Hose If you suffer from severe inflammation of the feet, calves and ankles, your doctor may recommend using support or compression hose or stockings to prevent swelling and take some of the pressure off of your lower extremities. These may also help prevent blood from pooling and causing painful varicose veins from forming.

Avoid Salt and Caffeine Reducing your sodium and caffeine intake can do much to alleviate fluid from forming in your ankles and feet. Both salt and caffeine are bad news when it comes to fluid retention, so try finding alternative sources of salt (i.e., dried seaweed or sea salt) and lowering your caffeine intake will relieve foot swelling.

EASY BACK PAIN REMEDIES A very common problem from ages in mankind is the pain in the lower back referred as back pain. It can be due to poor postural habits, strains and also muscle tension. It is also very common in pregnant woman due to the stretching of ligaments around uterus. Here are some remedies for the lower back pain. *Keep one warm and eat only hot items in case of a chronic back pain. *Garlic should be included in diet on regular basis. *Tulsi is the best medicine. Boil tulsi in water until the syrup is reduced to half of actual size and add salt after cooling. *Massage with eucalyptus and mustard oil is very favorable for severe back aches *Half a tea spoon of jaggery is very effective medicine that can be eaten with warm water after meals only. *Cardamom with honey shows the best results at times of back ache. *Massage with any ointment will be useful *Take a cloth or jute bag full of ice. Now start massaging with that back. It helps to reduce the inflammation in the back. *Sleeping on firm mattresses facing to the ceiling helps to have proper blood flow and thereby reducing the aches. *Exercise is the best way to keep fit from all types of ache.

(Information gathered and extracted from healthdigezt.com) Join us again for next week edition of the Pepperpot’s weekly Health Digest where we will be focusing on Health Benefits of Pak Choi and Impressive Health Benefits of Pumpkin

Linden

XX

Indian residents of Wismar were killed on May 25, along with G. English, an alleged looter. B. Wharton died in a fire on May 27, while I. Bridgewater was killed on the 28th. The Wismar Massacre decreased the Indian population in Wismar, before the riots it was estimated at 3,000. This fell to about 300 by the following July, as more than 3,000 Indians were evacuated after the riots. The Wismar Massacre was triggered by the general climate of political and ethnic strife within Guyana in 1964. The murder of an African couple in Buxton on May 21 was the most recent violent event, in an extended period of unrest and is considered the trigger for the Wismar Massacre.

On Monday July 6, 1964 an explosion blew apart the Sun Chapman launch as it sailed up the Demerara River from Georgetown to Mackenzie. Forty-three people of mostly African descent died either due to the explosion or drowned when the launch sank. Most of the thirty-three survivors, including the entire crew, were those fortunate to be on the deck or bow when the boat exploded. The Sun Chapman exploded shortly after leaving Horadia about sixteen miles from Mackenzie.

By July 8, thirty-two bodies were recovered from the river and taken to the Mackenzie Hospital morgue to be buried.

Some badly decomposed bodies were also buried at Horadia.

With forty-three fatalities, the sinking of the Sun Chapman is the single largest loss of Guyanese life. Most of the victims were Lindeners travelling home from Georgetown

Council’s Act of 1969, Â Macmarburg, a diminutive for Mackenzie, Wismar and Christianburg was renamed Linden and officially declared a town. Christianburg, the oldest settlement in the town was originally known as Stabroek. It was renamed in honour of Governor Christian Finette, who joined his name with Burg, his wife’s family name. This area was chiefly used for rubber bleeding and saw milling.

The area south of Christianburg was known as ‘Â Shingles Landing,’ on account of the production of shingles and wallaba posts (a local hardwood). Before the discovery of hardwood, this area was an important transit point in gold and diamond mining.

In 1916, with the discovery of bauxite all economic activity in the town was focused on Mackenzie, on the opposite

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

and 1310 bucket wheel excavator, both of which were used to remove over 200 ft. of sand and clay in order to expose our high grade bauxite.

• Take a trip further up the Demerara River by outboard motor launch.

• Visit the 100-year-old Patterson plantation and see the first hydro-power water wheel in Guyana.

• Go shopping at the riverside all-purpose market place.

• Look at the blue water lakes that were created in the mined-out areas.

HISTORY OF LINDEN The communities of Wismar, Christianburg and Mackenzie with a population of over forty thousand residents were granted town status in 1970 and given the name of Linden by popular acclaim. Situated on the west bank of the Demerara River, sixty-five miles from the Georgetown, Wismar and Christianburg were the jump point for balata bleeders, pork knockers and other parties that went into the interior for hunting wild animals and fishing.

Bauxite mining began in 1916 and the dense jungle that is now Mackenzie was transformed into a mining town. In 1915, the official gazette published transport of property from G. B. Mackenzie to Winthrop Cunningham Neilson, a piece of land spelt Watouka, but also known as Watooka. A description of

Linden is the home to famous GT&T Jingle and Song Competition winner side of the Berbice River.

Today Linden is popularly known as the Mining Town.

There are several historical sites scattered throughout this town that are representative of the diversity of Guyana’s heritage.

A lovely wedding on the sandy dunes of Linden along the Demerara River. The river was commonly used for this journey before the Linden-Soesdyke highway was constructed in 1966.

Today Linden is a fusion of very impressive buildings, businesses and is a location where residents are making efforts to come to grips with many issues and focusing on the positives of modern day.

PLACES TO GO WHILE IN LINDEN While enjoying the serene atmosphere of Watooka, take time out to visit places such as: • The Mackenzie Museum • Three Friends, the first bauxite mine in Guyana• The Mackenzie Sports Club, the venue of all sporting and culture activities in Linden. It was the home of the first Mashramani, the Kashif & Shanghai Soccer Tournaments and many others.

• See aluminum houses first built in Silver City and Retrieve.

• Take a ride with the river taxi service that is the ma-

BANKS Republic Bank Ltd. (Guyana) is located at Republic Avenue, about a 5-minute drive from the Watooka House.

Banking Hours are: Mondays to Thursdays from 08:00 hours to 14:00 hours and on Fridays from 08:00 hours to 14:30 hours. ATM service is available 24 hours. Citizens Bank, opened in November 2011 is located on Republic Avenue.

BLUE LAKE The origin of the exotic and very popular Blue Lake at Linden dates back to quite a long time. Today this feature is a must have for many and is certainly an icon where the likes of tourism high points are concerned.

Though to be the remains of an old bauxite mine, the lake was, according to locals, immeasurably deep in places and got its color from the sky’s reflection against the white sandy bottom. This very mystical feature is one that ignites awe and amazement from those that are privileged to visit.

HISTORIC LINDEN On April 29, 1970, under the Municipal District

Housewife ‘Pamela’ does not miss out on reading her Sunday Chronicle jor means of shopping or visiting between the communities on both sides of the river.

• Look for the now discarded 1300 walking dragline

Some housewives make an extra dollar by vending confectionary and snack items

the land goes back to a plan made in April 1829 by Thomas Hubbard, sworn land surveyor. In the transport, it is said that Watooka had been marked as “Ficker” on an old 1829 map.

In the late 1923, the bauxite laboratory was removed from the mining site at Akyma, nine miles away from the present site of Watooka House. In the late 1920s the bauxite laboratory was reconstructed into a house for the manager of the company, C.O. Riggs.

Shortly after the beginning of World War II the demand for aluminum increased tremendously and the company began expanding. Officials from friendly countries, shareholders and industrial customers became regular visitors.

WATOOKA GUEST HOUSE Watooka House was designed and built to accommodate the constant influx of visitors. In the early forties, the existing structure gave way to the present Watooka House.

The swimming pool was also completed at that time.

The eastern wing of the first floor was the club for Senior Managers, most of whom were expatriates. The club was a hub for activities, and was the venue for weekly tea parties by wives and functions that included annual Thanksgiving suppers, Halloween parties, New Years’ Eve parties, Cabarets shows and a host of other activities. There was also a tennis court, which was recently converted into a basketball court.

In 1985, the board of the nationalised entity, then Guyana Mining Enterprise Ltd. (Guymine) rehabilitated the building

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Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

The bauxite site that was a landmark in Linden

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Trains that were used to transport bauxite ore

One of the ships that were used to remove the bauxite from Linden

St. Matthews Church, constructed by the Presbyterians was opened on November 25, 1898.

In the olden days a Wheel Excavator was used to remove Overburden to get at the Bauxite ore

The Watooka Guest House

Components of the Wheel Excavator that were used to move the ore onto the conveyor belts in bauxite mining

Youths in days gone by enjoyed swimming contests at the Watooka Guest House swimming pool

Nothing is wrong in enjoying a breezy midday snooze

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Linden

at a cost of $4.5 million dollars. The contractor, Guyconstruct, was instructed to ensure that the old architecture was maintained.

Louis Evans, an employee of Amerindian decent, joined the bauxite company in 1916 and worked for forty five years, insisted to his death that the Watooka name was taken from the creek that runs on the western boundary of the complex.

That creek is known as the Watooka Creek.

Following the nationalisation of the bauxite company in 1971, the entire management structure changed and so did the culture of the entity. Dominoes became very popular and snooker gave way to the popular Guyanese game of billiards.

Today, most visitors insist that Watooka House gets better with age, because ‘the older they get, the more they like it.’

BAUXITE According to excerpts taken from the Guyana Guide, the bauxite mines had all manner of ‘niffty’ names like Three Friends, Montgomery, Arrowcane, Akyma, Maria Elizabeth, Ituni, Noitgetdacht, Warabaru, and others.

There were three methods used to remove the overburden to get at the bauxite ore, and those were the Dragline, Wheel Excavator and Water Blasting.

These Draglines were so big that they did not run on tracks. Instead they had feet and moved in a walking fashion.

Special roads had to be built to accommodate the size. We were all impressed by the fact that you could drive a Land Rover into the bucket. It wasn’t really the size of the bucket but rather the length of its boom that was the measuring stick for the Draglines. Long booms meant that you could move overburden further.

When the mining was done Mother Nature was left to take over. The mines would fill up with water creating great swimming lakes. For some reason some of the lakes had clear water rather than the tea coloured water of the Demerara River.

This apparent cleanliness and the fact that many knew there were no ‘Pirai’ fishes there made for a swimmers paradise.

Tracked shovels were used to load the bauxite ore onto trains for transport to the bauxite plant. At the bauxite plant the ore was crushed, dried and then loaded onto ocean going ships for transport to Arvida via Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Port Alfred, Canada.

In 1961 Demba completed the construction of their Alumina plant in Mackenzie. Bauxite is chemically treated to produce Alumina (Aluminum Oxide). Alumina can then be smelted to produce Aluminum with lots of electricity and thus usually done in places where electricity is cheap.

The first leg of the journey was the Demerara River which was not deep enough to accommodate fully loaded ships.

At MacKenzie the ships were only partially loaded for the run down the shallow Demerara River to Georgetown.

At Georgetown they would have to wait for high tide to clear the sand bars at the mouth of the river. It was then on to Chaguaramas, a deep water port in Trinidad where the ships were topped up with bauxite for the transit of the Atlantic Ocean to Canada.

Before ships like the Baron Belhaven, the bauxite was transported by a company called Saguenay Terminals of Montreal. I suspect Alcan chartered these ships. Many of the bauxite ships names started with Sun as in Sun Victor or Sun Brayton.

Upon reaching Canada the bauxite ships had to navigate up the St, Lawrence River and then the Saguenay River to Port Alfred where they were unloaded. The bauxite ore was then moved to Arvida where it was processed into aluminum.

In 1998 the Government of Guyana announced privitisation plans for the state-owned bauxite companies, Berbice Mining Enterprise Limited (BERMIBE) and Linden Mining Enterprise Limited (LINMINE). The companies will each be restructured into new private companies that will be capitalised, majority-owned (sixty percent under the Government’s preferred structure), and operated by a private investor.

On August 5, the Government of Guyana hosted a privatisation seminar for the five companies shortlisted to bid for 60 per cent controlling interests the Linden Mining Enterprise (LINMINE) and Berbice Mining Enterprise (BERMINE), in Georgetown.

Alcoa World Alumina, Billiton, and the consortium of Texas-Ohio Incorporated, Harbisson Walker, Possehl and Morrison Knudsen have bid for control of both BERMINE and LINMINE. Aroaima Mining Company bid for BERMINE, and a consortium of Guyanese and overseas investors,

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

RASC 2000, for LINMINE alone.

Alcoa was involved in a takeover of Reynolds. It is not clear how the takeover will affect Aroaima Mining Company’s bid for BERMINE or their mining operations at Aroaima.

2000 During April 2000, Head of the Privatisation Unit, Winston Brassington, reported that the bid put forward by Aroaima Bauxite Company for the Berbice Mining Enterprise was not acceptable based on the government’s bid evaluation criteria, and the privatization process for the local industry will have to go back to the bidding table. He also stated that there was one proposal for Linmine and Bermine which was rejected.

CHATTING WITH A FEW Many were hesitant to converse with the media, but the few that did expressed hope for positives for the people in terms of infrastructural improvement and economic development.

Amongst them was Theresa Fortune of One Mile who was of high praise for the new initiative of government of distributing the monetary incentives for school children in the area.

“There is much room for improvement in our infrastructural front and we could do with a little sprucing up on the economic side, but that aside I must thank the Government for helping out the thousands of students they did through their financial assistance initiative. This has greatly helped many who are experiencing financial difficulties. However I want Government to know that Linden is a really beautiful place and I hope they would invest some time soon in making it one of Guyana’s ideal tourism destinations.”

Housewife, Enid Jackman felt that Linden is indeed the most exotic location in Guyana and opined that much should be done to boost its tourism potential.

“Sir, I am proud to say that Linden is by far one of the loveliest locations in Guyana. Take for instance our endearing hills and valleys. This place is a divine work of Mother Nature. If only the authorities can for one moment focus on this location a little more, and invest wisely in making it a tourism high point, the returns would certainly be bountiful.

I am having such crazy ideas of what can be done with this place…..”

Dennis Trotman an engineer spoke on the issue of employment and the establishment of the market at Linden.

“In the days of vibrant bauxite mining at Linden almost everyone had something to do in terms of occupation. However since that has dwindled many are without jobs today. Yes many have reserved to vending and shop keeping and such likes. And others have ventured into the interior in search of gold and such likes…. But there is certainly need for more job opportunities to be created here. There is a market built here and we are thankful for that, but vendors are avoiding the facility because its geographical location does not allow for maximum sales.

As such persons prefer to go over to Wismar and make their purchases and those operating inside the Municipal Market are losing out big time…”.

There is still time for festivity and merrying at Linden

The night life is ongoing at Linden

The little misses are out to play

Liming by the street corner

A weekend at this cozy guest house was pure heaven

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Kim Novak -An actress of striking beauty

KIM Novak was born in Chicago, Illinois on February 13, 1933 with the birth name of Marilyn Pauline Novak.

She was the daughter of Joseph Novak, a former teacher turned transit clerk and his wife, Blanche Kral Novak, also a former teacher. Throughout elementary and high school, Kim did not get along well with teachers. She even admitted that she didn’t like being told what to do and when to do it.

Her first job, while in high school, was modelling teen fashions for a local department store. Kim, an avid painter, won a scholarship to the Art Institute of Chicago, but ended up going to Wright Junior College instead. While

on a break from school, Kim and two of her classmates decided to go to Los Angeles and stand in line to be an extra in a movie called The French Line (1954). An agent took notice of Kim’s striking beauty arranged for a screen test with Columbia Pictures, and Kim was signed to a contract. After taking some acting lessons, Kim made her film debut in the detective drama Pushover (1954) with Fred MacMurray, followed by the comedy Phffft (1954) with Jack Lemmon and Judy Holliday. These two films set the tone for her career, and she had so much poise that most

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KIM NOVAK

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Kim Novak-An actress of striking ...

people had no idea she was only 21. As a result, the studio continued to pair Kim with fatherly older actors. Kim received a Golden Globe nomination for “Most Promising Newcomer” in 1955, and had big parts in three films released that year, first appearing as “Kay Greylek” in 5 Against the House (1955). Her next role was in the controversial Otto Preminger film The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), which was a big hit. Then came Picnic (1955), Kim’s breakthrough film. Kim did a superb job of acting in the film as did her costars, and now fans were eager to see more of this bright and

beautiful new star. In 1957, Kim played “Linda English” in the hit movie Pal Joey (1957) with Frank Sinatra and Rita Hayworth. The film did well at the box-office, but was condemned by the critics. Kim really didn’t seem that interested in the role. She even said she couldn’t stand people such as her character. In 1958, Kim appeared in the Alfred Hitchcock film Vertigo (1958), which, though poorly received at the time of its release, is now considered a classic. The film was one in which a retired detective, played by James Stewart, follows a suicidal blonde half his age (Kim), only to find out Kim

was only masquerading as that person and is actually a brunette shop girl who duped him as part of an elaborate

KIM NOVAK scheme. Kim’s other film that year, the supernatural comedy Bell Book and Candle (1958), was a modest success,

but her follow-up, Middle of the Night (1959), was not in spite of drawing good reviews.

Unfortunately, the hype that Columbia generated for Kim never materialised, and her career began to fade in the early 1960s as the studio system came to an end. She was being overpowered by the rise of new stars or stars that were remodelling their status within the film community. Kim said she didn’t have it in herself to campaign for good roles like other actors did, so she took the best of what she was offered. She starred in the ensemble romantic drama Strangers When We Meet (1960), which moderately successful. With a few more nondescript films between 1960 and 1964, she landed the role of “Mildred Rogers” in the remake of Of Human Bondage (1964) opposite Laurence Harvey. The film debuted to mostly negative reviews and was not a success. Later that same year, she co-starred in the Billy Wilder sex satire Kiss Me, Stupid (1964) with Dean Martin, but the film drew intensely hostile reviews and condemned by many civic groups, causing its studio to distance

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Super Nani, Fireflies ... of the years gone by, beckons the brothers to find each other again. And the picture in the puzzle that was scattered so long ago. Fireflies come out in the night, just to light up the darkness. They live as long as the glow lasts. Even if it is a lifetime, being lived in a day.

Why should you watch: The film brings international star Rahul Khanna back to Indian screens. Also the sexy Monica Dongra will be seen sharing screen space with him. The plot fits very nicely in the day to day life of the youth in the present day. All these make this movie a must watch.

Roar Director: Kamal Sadanah Star cast: Nora Fatehi, Achint Kaur, Aaran Chaudhary, Himarsha, Ali Quli Mirza, Pranay Dixit, Subrat Dutta, Virendra Singh Ghuman, Aadil Chahal, Abhinav Shukla, Pulkit Synopsis: Uday, a young photojournalist on assignment in the jungles of the Sundarbans, rescues a white tiger cub ensnared in a poacher’s trap and brings the cub to a small settlement he is based in. Soon, panic among the villagers sets in. In order to bring calm back to the villagers, the forest warden takes the cub away. The Royal Bengal Tigress enters the village in the night searching for her cub. She picks up the scent of her cub’s blood and reaches the photographer’s hut.

When she fails to get her cub back, her instinct leads her to avenge the kidnapping. She unleashes her wrath upon Uday, kills him, and disappears with his body. Enters Pundit; captain of an elite commando team, who comes to the Sundarbans to claim his brother Uday’s body. Silent replies from the villagers leads Pundit to a confrontation with the park warden. She callously declares the case closed and refuses to send a party to recover Uday’s body as the expanse and dangers of the forest ecology are too complex. Angry and emotional, Pundit decides to deal with the matter himself. He calls upon his own crack commando team and with the help of a local guide Madhu they engage a known tracker, Jhumpa, and set off on a do-or-die mission to capture and kill the white tigress. The team’s quest leads them deep into the marshy heartland of the Sundarbans where they see things only heard of before in old folklore. Yet sharp and intelligent, the white tigress not only eludes them every time but also manipulates them into her territory. Adding to their predicament, a villainous poacher Bheera senses an opportunity to serve his own interest. He schemes a plan to use the survivors as bait to trap his prize catch, the Royal Bengal White Tigress. But little do they know that the hunters are soon going to become the hunted.

Why should you watch: Ali Quli Mirza has created a lot of fan following for himself via Bigg Boss 8. People will expect him to deliver a good performance. Kanal Sadanah is coming back to films after long and people will expect him to deliver this time again. Also, the jungles of Sunderbans haven’t been showcased in any film before. It will be great to watch it in film.

So audiences, go ahead and take your pick this week.

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Kim Novak-An actress of striking ...

itself from the film. In 1965, Kim played the title role in the comedy The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders (1965), and married her co-star, Richard Johnson. The marriage only lasted 13 months, but they remained friends.

Kim stepped away from the cameras for a while, returning in 1968 to star in The Legend of Lylah Clare (1968). The film only had a limited release and was a resounding flop.

Though still young, Kim said she basically didn’t see herself as having a career after that. Following The Great Bank Robbery (1969), Kim took another four-year hiatus until 1973, when she was seen in a television film called The Third Girl from the Left (1973), a romantic drama, and appeared in a segment of the British horror anthology film Tales That Witness Madness (1973). Kim’s next appearances on the screen were a leading role in the television film Satan’s Triangle (1975) and a cameo in the Charles Bronson western The White Buffalo (1977). Kim ended the 1970s by appearing in Just a Gigolo (1978) with David Bowie. The film was a critical and commercial failure.

Opening the 1980s, Kim did gain some attention for the mystery/thriller The Mirror Crack’d (1980), but it did nothing for her career. For the rest of the decade, Kim was out of movies and only had a few television gigs.

In 1983, Kim appeared in the ensemble TV movie, Malibu (1983). She had a cameo role in the pilot episode of the shortlived Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1985) redux in 1985. From 1986 to 1987, Kim played the mysterious “Kit Marlowe” in 19 episodes of the TV series Falcon Crest (1981). In 1990, Kim starred in The Children (1990), and gave a great performance in a leading role opposite Ben Kingsley. However, the film had a very limited release. Kim’s last film to date was 1991’s Liebestraum (1991), in which she played a terminally ill woman with a past. The film was a major disappointment in every aspect, and making it was an especially unhappy experience for Kim, who clashed with director Mike Figgis over how to play her character.

Kim hasn’t acted since

then, and admittedly never reached her potential.

Although she has regrets about her career, she has ruled out any plans for a comeback. Kim says she just isn’t cut out for a Hollywood life.

Fortunately, Kim’s personal life has been the contrary to her career.

Since 1976, Kim has been happily married to Robert Malloy (born 1940), a veterinarian who shares her passion for animals and nature. Kim and her husband live on a ranch in Oregon where they raise llamas and horses, and frequently go canoeing.

Kim is also an accomplished artist who expresses herself in oil paintings and sculptures.

O n J u ly 2 4 , 2 0 0 0 , she watched her memento-filled house in Eagle Point, Oregon, go up in flames. A deputy fire marshal said that the blaze was probably the result of a tree that fell across an electrical power line.

Included in the loss were scripts to some of her movies as well as her computer, which contained her long-gestating autobiography. However, spared were her menagerie of animals, including horses and llamas, as well as the star’s husband of 24 years, veterinarian Bob Malloy. She later said that the fire was a sign that she shouldn’t be writing an autobiography.

For a scene in Picnic (1955) in which she had to cry, she asked director Joshua Logan to pinch her black and blue off screen, telling him, “I can only cry when I’m hurt.”.

As a starlet with Columbia Pictures, she resisted pressure to change her name to Kit Marlowe.

Years later, the name was used for the character she played on the television series Falcon Crest (1981). (She did agree to change her first name from Marilyn to Kim, as the public associated her given name with Marilyn Monroe).

In Popular (1999), the main girl’s bathroom in the high school is called “The Novak” which holds all the pictures of the homecoming queens.

The name is inspired by when movie stars would donate money to schools (often an alma mater).

The writers found out that Kim Novak donated money to a school in the Santa Monica area (where the school/show is set),

so they named this room after her.

Is portrayed by Terri Lynn in Rita Hayworth: The Love Goddess (1983) She arrived in Hollywood as The Lavendar Girl. When she became a star at Columbia Pictures, the studio had her blonde hair tinted with lavender highlights.

In Italy, most of her films were dubbed by Rosetta Calavetta. At the beginning of her career, she was also dubbed by Dhia Cristiani. Lidia Simoneschi and Rita Savagnone also lent their voice to Novak at some point, in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) and Kiss Me, Stupid (1964) respectively.

Was the original choice to play Marion Wormer in Animal House (1978).

Visited Sammy Davis Jr. in hospital shortly before his death.

Ex-stepmother of Sorel Johnson.

1953 Deb Star.

Daughter of Joseph A. Novak and Blanche Kral.

Her sister, Arlene Malborg, is a fashion designer in Chicago.

Despite being divorced from him, she is still friends with Richard Johnson, to whom she was married for only one year.

Met her husband, Dr. Robert Malloy, in 1974 when he came to treat her sick horse. They married two years later in an outdoor ceremony at their home near the Big Sur in

California. She has two stepchildren by him.

Was seriously injured in a horse-riding accident in 2006 and broke her ribs, punctured a lung and had nerve damage.

She made a full recovery within a year.

In an interview with Stephen Rebello in the July 2005 issue of Movieline’s Hollywood Life, Novak admitted that she had been “unprofessional” in her conduct with director Mike Figgis on how to portray her character in the film Liebestraum (1991).

A Hungarian music band was named after her.

Became a step-grandmother in February 2010.

(1973-1974) Was in a relationship with Michael Brandon.

When she was a child, she had a scholarship to the Art Institute of Chicago.

(October 19, 2010) Diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing cancer treatment.

Was engaged to Richard Quine but they did not marry.

(March 6, 2012) Claims that she was raped as a child.

Revealed in a 2012 interview that she is bipolar.

Although she smoked

in some films during her youth and posed for publicity photos with a cigarette in her hand, in real life she has always been a non-smoker.

In September 2013, she was honoured as being Turner Classic Movies Star of the Month.

She was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6332 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California on February 8, 1960.

Was considered for the role of Jean Harlow in the motion picture Harlow (1965) but the role ultimately went to Carroll Baker.

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Roughly 70 percent of an adult’s body is made up of water. ……………………………………………………………………………..

At birth, water accounts for approximately 80 percent of an infant’s body weight. …………………………………………………………………………

A healthy person can drink about three gallons (48 cups) of water per day. ………………………………………………………………………………….

Drinking too much water too quickly can lead to water intoxication.

Water intoxication occurs when water dilutes the sodium level in the bloodstream and causes an imbalance of water in the brain. …………………………………………………………………………………

Water intoxication is most likely to occur during periods of intense athletic performance. ………………………………………………………………………………..

While the daily recommended amount of water is eight cups per day, not all of this water must be consumed in the liquid form. Nearly every food or drink item provides some water

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

to the body. ……………………………………………………………………………..

Soft drinks, coffee and tea, while made up almost entirely of water, also contain caffeine.

Caffeine can act as a mild diuretic, preventing water from travelling to necessary locations in the body. …………………………………………………………………………….

Pure water (solely hydrogen and oxygen atoms) has apH of 7, which is neither acidic nor basic. ………………………………………………………………………………..

Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid.Wherever it travels, water carries chemicals, minerals and nutrients with it. ……………………………………………………………………………………

Much more fresh water is stored under the ground in aquifers than on the earth’s surface. …………………………………………………………………….

The total amount of water in the earth is about 326 million cubic miles. ………………………………………………………………………………….

Of all the water in the earth, humans can use only about three tenths of a percent of this water. Such usable water is found in groundwater aquifers, rivers and freshwater lakes. …………………………………………………………………………….

The United States uses about 346,000 million gallons of fresh water every day. ……………………………………………………………………….

The United States uses nearly 80 percent of its water for irrigation and thermoelectric power. …………………………………………………………………………..

The average person in the United States uses anywhere from 80-100 gallons of water per day. Flushing the toilet actually takes up the largest amount of this water. ……………………………………………………………………………

Approximately 85 percent of U.S. residents receive their water from public water facilities.

The remaining 15 percent supply their own water from private wells or other sources. ……………………………………………………………………………….

By the time a person feels thirsty, his or her body has lost over 1 percent of its total amount of water. ……………………………………………………………………………..

The weight a person loses directly after intense physical activity is weight from water, not fat.

The earth is a closed system, similar to a terrarium, meaning that it rarely loses or gains extra matter. The same water that existed on the earth millions of years ago is still present today.

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

If women can be railroad workers in Russia, why can’t they fly in space? ************************************** ****************** To tell her that I joined the parachute club was too hard for me. I didn’t want to trouble her; besides, I was not completely sure about the success of my new adventure. ************************************** ******************* The ideals of the party were close to me, and I have tried to adhere to those principles all my life.

In essence, they are the same as in the Ten Commandments in the Bible. I will never change my convictions. ************************************** ******************** Once you’ve been in space, you appreciate how small and fragile the Earth is. ************************************** ************************* I felt fine after 24 hours and asked the state commission to prolong my stay in space to three days.

And I carried out the entire schedule. Could I have done that if I had been half-dead? ************************************** ************************* They forbade me from flying, despite all my protests and arguments. After being once in space, I was desperately keen to go back there. But it didn’t happen. ************************************** ***************************** Anyone who has spent any time in space will love it for the rest of their lives. I achieved my childhood dream of the sky. ************************************** ***************************** Russia is still the leader in world space exploration. But its position of leader involves great responsibility - we have no right to lag behind. We can and we must move constantly forward. ************************************** **************************** I am convinced that the modular structure of the Mir will be the main trend in manned orbital stations development in the next century.

Valentina Tershkova-First woman to travel into space

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Movies to watch this week:

Super Nani, Fireflies and Roar!

CLASS actors like Sharman Joshi, Rekha, Rahul Khanna, Monica Dongra will be clashing at the box office this week.

Alongside will also be a view of the tigers in the delta jungles of Sunderbans. Which one should you watch? Read on to find out…

Super Nani Director: Indra Kumar Star cast: Rekha, Sharman Joshi, Randhir Kapoor, Shweta Kumar, Anupam Kher, Rajesh Kumar Synopsis: Super Nani gives a strong message to all the women that their power lies within themselves; all they need to do is discover and use it. The journey of Bharti Bhatia (Rekha) is definitely one to be experienced, as the fun, laughter, tickles, and tears of happiness will leave you with a light heart and a changed mind.

Why should you watch: Rekha is coming back onscreen after a long time and there’s a lot of excitement to see her act.

Also the fact that the film is based on the hit Gujarati play, Baa Ae Maari Boundary. Given that Sharman Joshi has given some great film in the past few years we expect him to deliver another stellar performance.

Fireflies Director: Sabal Singh Shekhawat Star cast: Rahul Khanna, Arjun Mathur,Shivani Ghai, Monica Dogra, Aadya Bedi Synopsis: Fireflies is the story of two estranged brothers – Shiv and Rana. Shiv, a successful banker, lives in the superficial glitter of corporate Bombay. The younger brother, Rana, is a law school dropout who lives by the day. Though worldly experiences and illusions briefly illuminate the brothers journeys, a tragedy that befell them fifteen years earlier seems destined to repeat itself, just in new incarnations. Flames suddenly extinguish again, in an eerie heartbeat. The journey ahead echoing with voices and visions from the past, and the magic realism

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Grandchild playing on the beach

A grandmother is watching her grandchild playing on the beach when a huge wave comes and takes him out to sea. She pleads, “Please God, save my only grandson. I beg of you, bring him back.” And a big wave comes and washes the boy back onto the beach, good as new. She looks up to heaven and says: “He had a hat!” *******************************************

Catholic men and women having coffee FOUR Catholic men and a Catholic woman were having coffee in St. Peter’s Square.

The first Catholic man tells his friends, “My son is a priest, when he walks into a room, everyone calls him Father.”

The second Catholic man chirps, “My son is a Bishop. When he walks into a room people call him Your Grace.”

The third Catholic gent says, “My son is a Cardinal.

When he enters a room everyone bows their head and says Your Eminence.”

The fourth Catholic man says very proudly, “My son is the Pope. When he walks into a room people call him Your Holiness.”

Since the lone Catholic woman was sipping her coffee in silence, the four men give her a subtle, “Well .........?”

She proudly replies, “I have a daughter, slim, tall, 38” DD bust, 24” waist and 34” hips.

When she walks into a room, everybody says, “Oh My God.”

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Growing Culinary Herbs Part I

By Clifford Stanley CULINARY herbs are used in the preparation and cooking of food.

Some are food and drink additives of mostly botanical origin used in nutritionally insignificant quantities for flavouring or colouring and all can be grown in your garden A popular easy to grow culinary herb is basil which some people call “married man pork”. .

There are different types of basil plants, usually showing differing leaf colouration with varying scents and flavours.

Bush and sweet basil have tender bright green foliage, which emit a spicy, clove-like aroma. Sweet basil leaves have a stronger perfume than bush basil and are smaller. Both varieties bear small, whitelipped flowers .

Sweet basil grows to 75 cm and bush basil to 30 cm.

Leaves of the basil plant that are used in cooking, can range from green to red-

dish to purple in colour, depending on the variety.

There are more than 60 different varieties of basil, each with its own distinct flavour.

These flavours include hints of lemon, thyme, jasmine, clove, cinnamon, and anise.

Basil is originally native to India, Asia and Africa.

The scientific name for basil is Ocimum basilicum.

Basil has been used in kitchens for the past five thousand years-making it one of the oldest known culinary herbs In India, basil was consecrated to the Hindu god, Vishnu, whose wife Tulasi (also known as Tulsi) was said to have taken the form of basil when she came to earth.

Many Hindus avoid harming basil plants, unless there is a good reason, and even then offer up prayers of forgiveness for touching a part of Tulasi.

African legend claims that basil protects against scorpions, while the English

botanist Culpeper cites one “Hilarius, a French physician” as affirming it as common knowledge that smelling basil too much would breed scorpions in the brain.

Basil plants can be grown in containers or in the ground. They are sun-loving plants so a warm location is desirable.

For those who are into gardening, an added benefit to growing your own, basil is that it is said to repel flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches As has been stated before the long serving herb basil or “married man pork” as we know it, features in cuisines worldwide an can be easily grown in limited yard space or in your garden.

Plants are available in nurseries in and around the city.

The Basil plant

XXXVI

Pastor caught stealing A pastor was caught stealing in the church by a member of the church. This was the conversation between them: Pastor: Blessed are those who see and don’t talk Member: For they shall receive their share. Amen *******************************************

In the beginning IN the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth...

After that, everything else was: Made in China. *******************************************

Man confesses

THIS man goes to confession and says, “Forgive me father for I have sinned.” The priest asks if he would like to confess his sins and the man replies that he used the “F-word” over the weekend.

The priest says, “Oh okay, just say three Hail Marys and try to watch your language.”

The man replies that he would like to confess as to why he said the “F-word”. The priest sighs and tells him to continue.

We l l f a ther I played golf on Sunday with my buddies instead of going to church.

The priest says, “And you got upset over that and swore?”

The man replied, “No, that wasn’t why I swore. On the first tee I duckhooked my drive well left into the trees.”

The priest said, “And that’s when you swore.”

The man replied, a little testily because of the constant interruptions, “No, it wasn’t. When I walked up the fairway, I noticed my ball got a lucky bounce and I had a clear shot to the green.

However, before I could hit the ball, a squirrel ran by and grabbed my ball and scurried up a tree.”

The priest asked, “Is that when you said the ‘F-word’?”

The man replied, “No, because an eagle then flew by and caught the squirrel in its sharp talons and flew away.”

The priest let out a breath and queried, “Is that when you swore?”

The man replied, “No, because the eagle flew over the green and the dying squirrel let go of my golf ball and it landed within 5 inches of the hole.”

The priest screamed, “Don’t tell me you missed the f...ing putt!

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

XXXVII

ARIES - Your dream life could be vivid and seductive on Monday, so it might be worth making a note of the ones that grab your interest. Dreams of romance might haunt you, too, with a few fantasies that may not be easily dismissed.

Romance could be all consuming, with a tendency to be possessive, too. If you fall for someone in the days ahead, you could get involved in an intense and passionate tryst. The weekend brings plenty of opportunities for good times.

TAURUS - Relationships bring opportunities for fun and delight, with a chance to enhance your long-term bond or make a date with someone new. With Venus in Scorpio, you might relish a chance to enjoy a passionate liaison. Mercury’s forward motion in Libra could bring more positive news on the job front, making it easier to forge ahead without being subject to delays or interruptions.

Halloween and the weekend look like sizzling fun, with plenty of laughs and good times all around.

GEMINI - You may have a fresh vision of what you hope to achieve regarding your job, lifestyle, and career. The power of your imagination may come into its own, especially if you can regularly visualise your success. Early in the week you might find that you can get ahead by listening to your intuition and scouring your dreams for clues. The midweek Quarter Moon encourages you to take a chance on a bold idea. Finally, Halloween and the weekend should be fun!

CANCER -Romantic dreams and creative plans may fill your head this week, giving you plenty of options for enjoying life and connecting with your more playful side. A love affair could be more intense, passionate, and nurturing than you thought. However, you’ll also benefit from putting thoughts and ideas out there, whether you use paint, music, or crafts. Relationships could get stirred up, which might help clear the air if feelings have been politely repressed.

LEO - There could be fun, games, and a big Halloween party at your place, since it looks like you’ll be doing all the arranging. The focus certainly seems to be on home and family matters this week, which might also coincide with a concerted effort to get your place looking great. You might feel very motivated to get into shape - and enhance your looks while you’re at it. Mars in Capricorn could give you the necessary discipline to meet all your wellness targets.

VIRGO - You may be feeling idealistic and compassionate early in the week.

Links with Neptune hint that you’ll be ready to sacrifice your time and energy to help another, but don’t go overboard, especially as you can make big strides with your own projects. If you’re planning a Halloween extravaganza, you’ll be in your element, and you could meet someone special at your bash. Passion may flare up over the weekend, when the romantic potential sizzles.

LIBRA - If a new job you see advertised calls out to you, consider applying, even if you don’t have all the qualifications. There’s a chance that you could have other talents, particularly people skills, that would more than make up for a lack of training. A focus on home and family affairs hints that you may be busy arranging a Halloween bash at your place. The lineup looks set for a ghostly fun time.

SCORPIO - Is it love or something else? As Venus aligns with Neptune early in the week, you might be uncertain about what you feel for someone. Perhaps it’s time to find out! In addition, the Quarter Moon suggests that you’ll need to find a way to please yourself and family members - no easy feat! Halloween looks made for you, with the kind of fun that suits your dark sense of humour.

You may also discover someone saucy has the hots for you!

SAGITTARIUS - The Sun/Neptune trine suggests that you may feel like retreating from the world and doing your own thing. Monday is an especially good time to meditate, indulge creative urges, and connect with your needs and heartfelt desires. You’ll be ready to enjoy some Halloween fun on Friday and the weekend. There’s a chance that a conversation could inspire you to start on a meaningful goal or plan. You may also find ways to earn more money, but you could spend more, too.

CAPRICORN - While there’s fun to be had this week, you’ll also be sensitive to family or friends who need a helping hand. You may even go out of your way to ensure that they get what they require. There’s also potential for a tender romance to blossom, as feelings can no longer be held back. Mars in your sign is good news. You’ll have greater incentive to get things done, particularly meeting any deadlines that are hanging over you.

AQUARIUS - Your desire to get ahead may increase, especially if you have a plan that engages your imagination. To make the most progress, it might help to first discuss your idea with someone who is very practical. But if the idea really grabs you, just starting can draw all kinds of positive forces to your aid.

Although you might enjoy Halloween, it seems you’ll take it with a grain of salt, especially if you have romance on your mind.

PISCES - You could be smitten by someone who has tales to tell of faraway places and makes you laugh, too. This week’s lineup brings an opportunity to connect with a significant other you feel really comfortable with. Feelings between you may be passionate, and right now you’d enjoy being swept up in a wave of intensity. With your social life in full swing, you might relish attending a grownup Halloween party, with fancy dress and plenty of games.

XXXVIII

CXC

Chronicle Pepperpot November 2, 2014

English

“You can’t see ‘im now. Service jus’ going start. If you wan’ you can stay an’ wait in de service an’ you can see ‘im afterwards.” She began to turn away, as if it didn’t matter what Dinah answered, only pausing another moment to add, “It would do you good.”

Dinah remained seated and watched the woman as she walked up the dirt aisle, stepping up on the wooden platform, and standing on the STUDY SUCCESS It’s a very good thing to begin seriously revising for your examina- left of the altar, raised slowly the whistle to her lips. She blew it hard tions from this new month if, as yet, you haven’t started. Many students and loud. There was a stir as everyone rushed to their proper places. A do not see the necessity to bother about beefing up on topics or anything late couple hurried in from behind and Dinah noted with surprise that the relating to examinations seven/eight months away. Revision boosts con- man accompanying the woman was Sammy, the garbage-man….

The drum stopped beating. A moment of silence. Then suddenly fidence and keeps anxiety at bay. Come on now; it’s never too early to it started again, this time louder and the rhythm now was set to a quick, start. Be wise. Improve your chance of excellent grades. fixed pattern. Sudden, through the front door, a figure appeared. He Love you. was tall and almost jet black, with clearly defined features, eyes wide apart, gleaming and condescending, a carefully shaven moustache, neatly THE PASSAGE The spotted flycatcher seems to live entirely on insects that it catches pressed, dark navy-blue suit, a stiff shirt and a long wooden staff with a in the air. It chooses as a perch a dead branch or a bare rail, from which brass handle and in his left hand was a large black Bible. His majestic it can have a clear view and flight. With the spotted flycatcher each insect purple and white turban stood at least fourteen inches above his head…. ….With a loud confident voice the shepherd broke into the first line is the object of a separate flight and chase. Other birds, chaffinches for example, may be seen to do the same thing with some particularly attrac- of the hymn Just as I am without One Plea, as he walked on the platform tive insect, such as Mayfly; but they are not so expert, and with them the keeping time with his staff, urging on his followers with a “one more time, Sisters,” and an “Ahmen, Praise de Lord.” practice is an exception and not a habit.

In a few minutes the service was in full swing. Everyone was The spotted flycatcher’s plumage is dull, and the male and female are alike. When the young are fledged, they are much in evidence, perched on singing heartily and adding their “Alleluias” and ‘Yes, Lords.” Already some convenient place, such as the garden fence, waiting to be fed by the one or two of the more devout were beginning to feel the spirit coming old birds. The young of a pair that nested in creepers by the garden door down on them, though restraint was necessary at such an early period of at Fallowfield appeared in a row on the lawn-tennis net in the morning the service.

(Orlando Patterson’s “The Children of Sisyphus”) when they left the nest.

Some Work on the Passage Some Work on the Passage 1. Give the passage a suitable name.

1. Give the passage a suitable name.

2. Respond to the character of Dinah or the shepherd in the majestic 2. Which is the cleverer at fly-catching, the chaffinch or the spotted purple and white turban in the passage either by miming, painting, drawflycatcher? Tell your study partner why.

3. What have you observed about the writer’s skill in language use and ing, or making a model. That should help you keep the character in mind to use it, or part of it, in your classroom description or short story. self expression? Make a list to include aspects such as: SHORT STORY - STYLE a) general way of writing (expressing meaning, feeling); Some hints: b) quality of expression in terms of understanding, insight, sensi► A good short story touches the minds and emotions of its readers tivity to subject matter; c) particular use of words, phrases to communicate something of who need to feel and see its characters and setting, and to participate in the action. interest to reader/writer; ► A good reader-reaction to a story is a deliberate programming by 4. Discuss the expert beauty in the writer’s coining of the following its writer who knows how to use language well. He avoids using diffiquoted pieces? cult and unnecessary words. He is able to write simply but effectively i) ‘The spotted flycatcher seems to live entirely on insects’ because he really knows the people, events, and passions among other ii) ‘It chooses as a perch a dead branch or a bare rail’ aspects of his short story. iii) ‘When the young are fledged, they are much in evidence’ ► A good writer attracts readers by using opening sentences which iv) ‘The young of a pair … appeared in a row on the lawn-tennis net’ 5. Write a short depiction about the characteristics of a chosen living are simple, orderly and sincere (essentials of good writing). He tells just thing for a young audience of writers, following the exemplary two-para- enough to provoke a mental picture.

Do Some Work on a Recent Story graph passage above. Mind the sentence structures and other skills of Re-read a short story you wrote recently. Have a serious consideration expression you use! about its pieces of description. Have they been well-placed, well-worded, given at the right time? Have you considered colour, smell, and mood; if ANOTHER PASSAGE “Ah come to see de shepherd,” Dinah replied. Instinctively she took a so, did they find a rightful place in your story? Can you now add words dislike to the woman she faced. The tails of her eyes went too far round or phrases to help the reader imagine what you first imagined when you the sides of her face; her lips were clamped together too firmly. She began to write? Check to see if some descriptive pieces need crossing seemed a woman who was used to giving orders and getting them obeyed. out, and then cross them out. Make jottings of what you like particularly about your short story.

THOUGHT FOR TODAY The greatest of evils and the worst of crimes is poverty.

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW (1856-1950) Major Barbara (1907), Preface