Guyana Inc Magazine Issue 22

YOUR FREE COPY TO KEEP! - ISSUE 22

Livestock Production: Guyana’s

“Self Sufficient Industry” Accessing Guyana’s Sweet Concession Packages Is GDP a Reliable Indicator of a Nation’s Well Being and Growth?

A conversation on Pageantry…

What do the judges look for?

Pritipaul Singh Rises to the Top of The Fishing Industry

TABLE OF CONTENTS Founder and Publisher Teshawna Lall, BA, MBA Managing Director Frank Sanichara Marketing Innovative Marketing & Publishing Inc.

20

8

42

Umami – Making the Guyanese taste magical and unforgettable

Winning the World Cup was an extraordinary accomplishment

Pritipaul Singh The Story of Dr. Zulfikar Bux – Driven by a passion to improve Medicine.............. 26

Is GDP a Reliable Indicator of a Nation’s Well Being and Growth?................. 6

Revision of Salary Scales and Old Age Pension for citizens across Guyana............ 28

Pritipaul Singh: Rises to the top of the Fishing Industry.................................. 8

Consumer Tip: It’s your right to demand quality and value for your money.............. 30

Business Tip: Guyana’s Small Business Bureau… Making Expansion and Financing of Businesses Easier............ 14

Expectations of the Judiciary for 2016 ..... 31

Accessing Guyana’s Sweet Concession Packages.................................... 16 Livestock Production – Guyana’s Self Sufficient Industry........................................ 18 Umami – Making the Guyanese taste magical and unforgettable.................. 20 Guyana’s Merchandise Trade - Shows Marginal Contraction over the past three years...................................................... 22 A conversation on Pageantry…

What do the judges look for? ..................... 24

Design Innovative Marketing & Publishing Inc. Editorial Contributions Dr. Zulfikar Bux Brian Ramsey Franklin Wilson Kiana Wilburg Tammy Quail Leonard Gildarie Abena Rockcliffe - Campbell Sharmain Grainger Leana Bradshaw Teni Housty, LLM, MBA Saarah Gajraj

24 Saffon Street, Charlestown, Georgetown, Guyana, South America.

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Mashramani’s signature float parades set for 50th Anniversary Celebrations............. 32 Domestic Violence 2016.............................. 34 Getting Home Safely.................................... 37 Weight Loss/Maintenance Plan.................. 38 Kinkajou: The Honey Bears of Guyana..... 40 Aruwai Resort White H2O: Exotic resort beckons all along Guyana’s Mazaruni River............................................. 41 Winning the World Cup was an extraordinary accomplishment - Campbell, Smartt......... 42

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Is GDP a Reliable Indicator of a Nation’s well being and Growth?

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT NUMBERS IN ECONOMICS. BUT CAN THIS NUMBER BE TRUSTED TO PROVIDE A TRANSPARENT AND ACCURATE MEASURE OF AN ECONOMY’S WELL BEING AND TRUE GROWTH? Consider this—GDP measures income, but not equality, it measures growth within sectors, but not destruction or moral growth of a nation. It even ignores values like social cohesion and the environment.

Yet, governments, businesses and our most respected economists swear by it.

But for many reasons, GDP does not adequately reflect the true health of a nation. Many revered economists agree with this line of argument and opine that it really needs to be replaced by more comprehensive measures.

GDP essentially measures the nation’s economic performance. It is determined by the market value of all final goods and services and has been used since the 1930s.

Using GDP has its benefits which cannot be negated. In fact, using this measure exclusively has placed complex and even booming economies such as the United States of America (USA), at or near the top of the financial food chain for decades.

Even with this in mind, several economists who are deemed to be the “practical realists” of our time have urged that measures such as GDP are far too narrow to gauge the overall health of a nation and its people. And that presents a problem for developing countries like Guyana.

Furthermore, economic growth, especially for developing countries, is something that is desperately sought after. It refers to a state which can be maintained without creating other significant economic problems, especially

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 6

for future generations.

But it is something that occurs when real output increases over time.

Periods of growth are often triggered by increases in aggregate demand, such as a rise in consumer spending. But sustained growth, which is perhaps one of the goals most nations struggle to achieve, involves an increase in output. If output does not increase, any extra demand will push up the price level.

According to François Lequiller, head of national accounts at the The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), part of the problem is that perhaps the economist and even the layman expects too much from GDP. He explains that to know about economic growth as it relates to the expansion of output of goods and services, GDP or preferably real GDP which measures growth without the effects of inflatio, is perfectly satisfactory. It has been built for this purpose.

But he too stresses that by definition, hardly any statistics are available on the underground economy. The underground economy refers to the illegal means by which money infiltrates or makes its way into the monetary systems of a country.

He says that there is a need for a sophisticated system that can add it all together, from the number of new cars and haircuts, to the volume of teaching, etc.

In GDP, each component is given the weight of its relative price. In market economies, this works because prices reflect both the marginal cost for the producer and the marginal utility for the consumer: people sell at a price that

other people are willing to pay.

But the contribution to welfare of the output of government services, in particular public education and health, which by definition have no market prices, is difficult to measure, despite their importance in our economies.

Lequiller says that one could perhaps recommend users to look at alternative measures to GDP that exist inside the national accounts, such as Net Domestic Product or National Income. He said that these may be more suitable for measuring particular contexts.

Regardless of the economic fortunes that GDP can tell us, it is established that it is unable to capture at least the wellbeing that results from the production of goods and services. It is also true that there are other dimensions to wellbeing which GDP misses.

Nevertheless, there are moves globally to strengthen GDP as an indicator.

Statisticians at the OECD and around the world are currently discussing new reforms to the current system of national accounts.

One such reform now under consideration is how to recognize spending on research and development as investment, since at present, in business as in national accounting, these expenditures are seen as being consumed immediately, and so do not contribute to market GDP or to the stock of assets.

If the reform goes ahead, their true contribution over time would be counted, which is intellectually more satisfying.

While this would be a significant reform, it still depends on getting good quality data. Without them, the beacon of GDP would become dimmer, and we certainly do not want that to happen.

FEATURE STORY

PRITIPAUL

SINGH

RISES TO THE

TOP OF THE

FISHING

INDUSTRY

G

uyana’s seas have been one of untold secrets, success stories and impressive riches.

For decades, its territorial waters have been a rich source of nourishment for the nation; and the springboard for catapulting many local fishermen to the throne of grand success.

But there has been a renewed push by the Government to revamp the industry to maximize profits using modern methods and equipment. It has called for all to get on board.

At least one businessman has been paying close attention and is staying one step ahead of the game.

He is Mr. Pritipaul Singh. His name would be familiar to many in Guyana, as he has leaped to the top of the local fisheries business.

This “Guyanese King of the Sea” is now involved in fishing for tuna and other value-added processing.

Today, Singh’s investments which have now spread to Suriname, and grown to almost US$100M, is surpassing all expectations and it seems there is no stopping his strides.

Highly successful and driven, Singh or ‘Krish’ as he is called by his family and loved ones, is also well known for his philanthropic side, helping to rebuilding many mandirs and assisting with other charities.

He is now grooming his sons to take over the reins of the company.

But it wasn’t always a rose bed for the 50-year-old businessman.

Despite the laid-back appearance he has, his sharp eyes for catching success in abundance spoke of a mind that was Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 8

constantly on the move.

Humble beginnings Singh came from a single parent home, growing up with his grandparents in Bellevue, West Bank Demerara. It was a tough life in that farming community back in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Krish was not afforded any school there. But amidst the negative influences of the environs, Singh was still hungry for opportunities to improve his standard of living.

He said, “I was glad to move from my grandparents’ home because I didn’t like the environment too much … too much drinking and bad influences.”

You have to know all the nuts and bolts of the business... You have to find ways to deal with issues that crop up.

Pictures (Clockwise): Mr. Pritipaul Singh in his office; Mr. Singh’s sons - Pritipaul Singh Jr. and Sanjay; Some of his products - Cleaned Seabob and Whole Fish; The McDoom location fleet of boats

Singh added, “So I moved to Georgetown with my mom and was enrolled in Richard Ishmael Secondary School.”

He intimated that his loving mother even sought help from others to teach him as she saw it as a way for the family to move from the tough conditions that they were living under.

“While in school, I was also helping my mom. It was four of us and I, being the eldest, helped my mom and this gave me a lot of business sense…road sense. She had a stall in Bourda Marketa greens stand- and I would go to school, come home, do what I must and go help her.”

The Market- A Home away from Home Naturally a disciplined person, Krish had to rise at 5:00 am every day to help his mother. He was just 12 and it was in the mid 70’s. It was those early years that taught Krish some valuable lessons. He knew that he wanted to get out. And the only way to do it was through hard work.

The entrepreneur recalled, “When my mom started with the stall, we used to sleep in the market on top of the stalls. My mom would hang up a hammock and we would sleep there.

We used to bathe in the market… sleep there… buy bread there and butter it and carry it to school.”

He continued, “I knew hardship and I grew up humble. It was my mom, sister and two other brothers. I had to make a lot of sacrifices because I had to help her out and ensure that I always educate myself.” He insists that he is grateful for the valuable lessons he learnt during this period of his life.

In spite of the odds being against him, Krish did well in school, graduating with passes in the GCE O’ Levels exams.

He related that it was a proud moment for him.

Singh said, “When I got my O Levels, I started to teach and study as well… giving lessons at home and other locations and also helping my mom. I was teaching at Richard Ishmael Secondary. While I was teaching, I completed my Advanced Levels.”

Learning the trade With his company, Pritipaul Singh Investments, he stands as the first in Guyana to become involved in what is called long-line fishing.

Longline fishing is a commercial fishing technique. It uses a Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 9

long line, called the main line, with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch lines called snoods (or gangions).

A snood is a short length of line, attached to the main line using a clip or swivel, with the hook at the other end.

Being ambitious and always on the lookout for opportunities, Krish was able to befriend a trader who was selling grapes and apples to the market. With his keen senses, he latched on to the experienced trader and became his student.

“I was able to beg him to train me on how to do trading, to take me to the other countries so that I can learn the trading business- this was in the early 90s.”

But when Krish started, he quickly learnt that there was a huge market in Barbados especially for seafood.

“I used to take things like Colgate (toothpaste), watches and seafood from here and trade in Trinidad. From there you buy greens such as cabbage and carrots and so on and take it to Barbados where I would sell and then buy apples and grapes and come back to Guyana. I worked in this way for about for Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 10

Pictures (Clockwise): The Providence location fleet of boats; With his spouse; With this three children at a religious ceremony; Spending quality time with his sons when they were younger; Mr. Singh’s celebrating his beloved mother’s birthday; Having lunch with his sister

four years,” Singh explained.

It was around this time that the young businessman made the decision to venture into the fishing industry and he started by purchasing prawns from locally-owned trawlers.

“I would process it and freeze it myself and then export it to Barbados…that was the biggest market I had. It was a lot of work and I used to do it from my home.”

Of course, the challenges were many. In the early 90’s, the Guyanese King of the Sea noted that power outages were raging.

He said that keeping his “catch” frozen was a task because he was shipping it from Guyana to Barbados. He said that this required him to ensure high quality was always maintained.

Opportunity knocks twice !

Being a shrewd businessman, Singh was able to save his hard-earned cash and fortunately, another lucrative venture came up. Around the mid-90‘s, a sawmill at Friendship, East Bank Demerara, went on the market.

“I wanted to do more here too as I had already established the seafood business and I wanted to do both of them. The seafood was not by containers but smaller amounts on a regular basis.

This was like about 1996.”

In 1997, a gas station at Supply, East Bank Demerara, was up for sale. Krish saw the potential of the investment with the Demerara River being nearby and plunged head on into the transaction.

“After a while, I wanted more and I thought of diversifying, and in 1997, I was able to buy a gas station and do designs for a seafood processing plant.”

Krish was building a reputation with his bankers as a serious

The businessman admitted that initially he was worried. The investments in the fisheries complex were heavy.

“I was worried but everything you do is about checks and balances and soon I had about 800 ladies peeling shrimps. In 2000, I left my brother in charge of the sawmill and I came to McDoom to concentrate on the seafoods.”

Krish was moving into the big league. He was taking shrimp out by the containers.

“Eventually, doing both fish and shrimp, and using this to support the expansion while we were constructing, we had workers hand-peeling, grading and exporting so we were able to do a 40-foot container once a week.”

The fisheries company was picking up steam, holding its own.

Georgetown Seafoods Another major opportunity also came up in the 2005. The Georgetown Seafoods, an operation based in Providence, was in deep trouble.

“It was always my dream to own Georgetown Seafoods, and entrepreneur who honored his obligations. Republic Bank, GBTI eventually because of global warming… there was a drop in the and his business associates were all more than willing to forge catch and with this came high fuel prices. I took it over and was able to keep everybody and their jobs.” an alliance with him in his ventures.

Krish said that his company is now looking at deep sea fishing, With financing from the bank, he bought his first trawler, using the Demerara River behind the gas station as the centre going down in 800 meters of water.

“This is unheard of in Guyana - nobody else does it. We are of operations. It was the beginning of things to come. Krish had a market and a supply of sea foods. He also had an additional looking to can tuna. We are the largest privately-owned seafood operations in Guyana.” income rolling in from the sawmill.

Today, Krish owns 75 trawlers, doing fish and shrimp.

“After using and seeing the potential of the trawler, I used the According to the businessman, the two fisheries complexes funds to buy nine more trawlers, so I had 10 boats. I was able to use financing from Republic Bank. Always keep the bank happy under Pritipaul Singh Investments are partially automated to increase efficiency.

“Between the two companies, we have over I was practical. I have an empire here that 2000 employees. Because we are shipping to the I was able to achieve not from a Degree US and Europe, we are mandated to ensure our quality meets international standards. We are or a University certificate, but because of HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) compliant. This means our safety requirements dedication and commitment to working hard meet international criteria. The US Department Commerce comes to certify our plant twice a and using my smarts to get things done. of year.”

The company is serious about its standards. With numerous customers in the supermarket trade, Krish said that and you will be happy,” the businessman advised.

“In 1996, I was just about 32 years old. I had approximately his company has opted to use British standards, which allows 100 staffers. When you are investing, you have to always keep him to ship his shrimp, prawns and fish anywhere in the world.

PSI is also moving to receive its greenlight from the Marine an open mind and always try to expand. With the gas station, I was able to distribute gas about the place. With the new Stewardship Council which ensures that fishing practices are in investments with the trawlers, I was able to ensure that the keeping with requirements worldwide.

“This means we are certified as being a responsible company banks always stay happy.”

In 1999, Krish learnt that part of the Marine Food complex that protects our species, including measures to equip our at McDoom, East Bank Demerara, was up for rental by the operators. It was perfect- spacious and ideally located with the place to moor the trawlers.

The location was ideal also as it would cut out the need for the trawlers to transit through the Demerara Harbour Bridge, saving costs and time. Pritipaul Singh Investments (PSI) was in full swing.

“I saw the possibility to acquire the whole complex so I did a proposal to the Government and eventually they granted me the permission in 1999 to buy. I bought the complex and by then I had 15 trawlers.”

During this time, PSI was selling to Noble House and BEV Enterprise.

But Krish was not satisfied with just selling his shrimp and fish. He wanted to offer his overseas customers more.

“I saw the opportunities that existed to do my own processing.

This included making more revenues by peeling the shrimps which was much more challenging, but I was able to acquire the overseas market. It meant more staffers and we eventually hired about 200 staffers.”

It took the company one month to do a 20-foot container. He Pictures (Left to Right): Some of his awards for service and excellent decided to plunge headlong into expansion and soon, with more products; Pritipaul Singh Jr. receiving the GSMA award for Export staffers and financing from the bank, increased the number of containers for the overseas customers.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 11

trawlers with turtle excluder devices and other things.”

While today he manages his time between family, sleep, and living healthy, he admits that the work schedule had not always been that way.

“In the earlier days, I would work for 14-18 hours per day.

Often, when I leave for work, my family was still asleep and when I get back home in the evening, they were sleeping so it was a sacrifice and it was worth it because it was all for them to benefit and be comfortable.”

Today, the businessman’s first of three sons, Pritipaul Singh Jr., is the Managing Director. He is only 22. The second son, Sanjay, is the deputy, at only 19. The eldest son went straight from school to work.

Krish has his own views on furthering one’s education.

“I was practical. I have an empire here that I was able to achieve not from a Degree or a University certificate, but because of dedication and commitment to working hard and using my smarts to get things done. You have to be able to focus and have goals that you work hard to achieve.”

“With business comes many challenges and you always have

one at Diamond, East Bank Demerara.

But it is not all work for the man who slept in the market when he was a boy.

“I do lots of reading. I keep myself occupied constructively.

I exercise every day. I always do what’s best for my health and peace of mind. I frequent mandirs and I believe that there is a God and our actions make a big difference.”

The entrepreneur, who has risen to the top of the fisheries business in Guyana, believes that there are many opportunities in Guyana for the young. “…but there has to be that drive…that extra effort and willingness to work hard to want to be on top and to want success. Many times, people want stuff but we are not willing to go that extra mile to work a little harder to want to take that risk. Don’t allow the negatives to stop you…always be in the driving seat.”

PSI is looking beyond Krish knows that supply of the precious fish and shrimps will reduce.

to be in command of what you “I am just setting the pace are doing. I have a partnership and foundation. One of our with Nation Choice in Jamaicanext projects could be looking they are distributing our at pond raising of fish and products. We are talking about shrimps so in the next 10 years trout, grey and red snapper, we could very well be doing banga, butter fish and we have this. To stay ahead, you have this in three forms -steaks, to eat right, think smart, take fillet and whole gutted.” good rest and care your health.

PSI is catering to the big I have always had a drive to be tourism market in Jamaica, successful and when I have a supplying the hotels there. vision I work hard to achieve “We are also doing business my goals.” in Trinidad, St Lucia, Barbados The businessman is clear and we ship shrimps to about what it takes to be Miami. In order to stay ahead successful. of business, you must be “We have invested in our competitive.” staffers. We are doing our own The businessman is practical Pictures (Left to Right then Bottom): Skin On Fillets’; Steak Cuts; construction. We provide free Smoked Cuts; Head on Seabob when it comes to making food for our staffers. In this money- there is only one waybusiness, whether you are at to work hard. home or at work, you have to keep thinking, looking ahead.”

“You must always have a vision to be the person on top and Perhaps one of the most critical elements in doing business to do so one must make time to compete and excel and work is learning. hard and always come up with great ideas on how to keep your “You have to know all the nuts and bolts of the business. If customers, and happy at that too.” the trawlers are critical to your business, don’t sacrifice on the The company, according to Krish, is currently aggressively maintenance. You have to find ways to deal with issues that crop pursuing more expansion that will see more processing in up. Deal with it at once and don’t leave it totomorrow.”

Guyana. This is especially critical at a time when fishing is The businessman wants to hand the daily business operations becoming more difficult with a declining stock. to his two sons.

“We want to reduce our fresh-on-ice exports. We are looking “I am not going anywhere. I will be overlooking but we have at international financing for this expansion in the value-added to also plan for the future. To be successful, you have to be a and we could be on our way in five years.” visionary and make the impossible…possible.”

“I can only thank God for my success. I tell myself that for Singh’s aggression and drive have propelled him to the top of every good action there must be a same equally good reaction. the fishing game.

So I believe in helping out and I would always try to give back to He was not unwilling to take the risks, to borrow and work society and in order to be successful you must help others also.” hard.

The businessman is well respected in especially the Hindu His empire today with that two-decade period has come with community. He has helped refurbish 12 mandirs, including the sacrifices, but the dividends have been rewarding.

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ECONOMICS

Accessing Guyana’s Sweet Concession Packages Guyana’s sweet concession packages can be accessed by both foreign and domestic companies.

These incentive packages for investments opportunities are divided into several sectors designed to suit the unique nature of the relevant sectors.

However, it is important to note that tax holidays are not automatic and investors must satisfy internal agency guidelines and rules before benefiting from any form of tax benefit.

Once the investor has prepared and submitted a proposal, Guyana’s new and improved Office for Investment, otherwise known as Go-invest, issues a letter or sometimes a Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) setting out the known tax incentive regimes that are applicable to the type of investment.

Go-Invest’s recommendations on tax incentives are usually based on the level of the investment expected in the project, the level of employment to be created by the investment, the financial capability of the investor and the viability of the investor’s proposal.

Where the conditions precedents set out in the letter/MOU are satisfied by both the Government and the Investor, an Investment Agreement (IA) is prepared with recommendations of tax incentives by GoInvest and sent to the INVESTORS and GOINVEST Proposal is discussed.

Meetings are set up with relevant state agencies and if the Investor chooses to continue, Go-Invest issues a letter setting out incentives and confirming general terms of the investment. Further talks lead to an MOU. State Agencies take over with requisite applications etc. Investment Agreement (IA) containing incentives, is drafted and forwarded to Guyana’s Revenue Authority (GRA) for review.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 16

Once the I.A. is in order, it is executed by the Ministry of Finance and Investor July 2008 Fiscal Incentives framework for Investment 14 Guyana Revenue Authority for vetting and finalization.

An Investment Agreement also lists the machinery, equipment and other items that are usually exempted from Custom duties.

The listing of these items in finite detail is paramount to the issue of transparency, and acts as a check and balance in the system to prevent abuse of Investment Agreements.

It also provides the GRA with the ability to properly monitor and administer its functions as it relates to tax- and nontax payers alike. Listing items eligible for exemptions allows the GRA to compute the value of exemptions granted for which it must account to the public for by publication.

The GRA then reviews the draft Investment Agreement using pre-existing customs, policy guidelines and the law to determine the incentives applicable to a project. It sometimes proceeds to call the Investor in to negotiate the terms of the Investment Agreement. Once GRA is satisfied with the Investment Agreement, it is sent to the Minister of Finance with a recommendation for signature.

Below are some of the general and special concession packages and what they offer.

GENERAL INCENTIVES ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

Exemption from Customs Duty on most plant machinery and equipment Exemption from Customs Duty on raw materials and packaging materials used in the production of goods by manufacturers Exemption from Customs Duty and zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

raw materials and packaging for manufactures who export 50 percent or more of their products Unlimited carryover of losses from previous years Accelerated depreciation on plant and machinery for approved activities Full and unrestricted repatriation of capital, profits and dividends Benefits of double taxation treaties with the United Kingdom , Canada, Kuwait and Caricom countries Exemption from Customs Duty and zero rate of Value-AddedTax on items approved under an Investment Agreement between the Government and the business Exemption from Excise Tax on items approved under an Investment Agreement between the

Government and the business ⁻⁻ Zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on exports Tax holidays for projects that meet the requirements specified in the In-Aid of Industry Act. SPECIAL INCENTIVES (PROVIDED IN ADDITION TO GENERAL INCENTIVES) Government provides export allowances for nontraditional exports to markets outside Caricom. The actual amount deducted depends on the proportion of export sales to total sales. It does not include rice, lumber, timber, shrimp, rum, sugar, diamond, gold, bauxite, molasses, petroleum.

% of export sales to total sales 10% or more –less than 21% Greater than 21% – less than 31% Greater than 31% – less than 41% Greater than 41% – less than 51% Greater than 51% – less than 61% Greater than 61%

% of export profit deducible from income tax 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75%

SECTOR INCENTIVES (PROVIDED IN ADDITION TO GENERAL INCENTIVES):

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

Tourism ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

⁻⁻

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of machinery and equipment for land preparation, cultivation, harvesting – tractors, combines, bulldozers, excavators, etc.

Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of agroprocessing equipment – sorting and grading of seeds, fruits presses and crushers Zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on harrows, scarifiers, ploughs, weeders, hoes Exemption from Customs Duty on fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, weedicide, herbicides, inoculants Zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on fungicide, herbicide, weedicide, pesticides, fertilizers Exemptions from duties and taxes from items covered under an Investment Agreement

Manufacturing ⁻⁻

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of process machinery and equipment including packaging equipment – fruit processing, sewing machines, four processing, poultry feed Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of auxiliary equipment – boilers, fork-lifts, scales for continuous weighing, conveyors Exemption from Customs Duty and zero rate of ValueAdded-Tax on raw materials and packaging form manufacturers who export 50 percent or more of their products Exemption from Customs Duty on raw materials and packaging materials used in the production of goods by manufacturers

For tourist hotels and eco-tourist hotel Tourist hotels – a hotel having at least 15 rooms and providing accommodation, services and activities intended to attract visitor on holiday Eco-tourist hotel – a tourist hotel in a location and having activities intended to attract persons who have an interest in the natural environment and wildlife of Guyana and having installations and operations designed to protect and preserve the natural environment and wildlife New tourist hotels/eco-tourist hotel – exemption from Customs Duty and zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on equipment, furnishings, building materials, appliances – to a total value of up to 50% of the total investment Expansions of existing tourist hotels/eco-tourist hotels – fiscal concessions of up to 25% of the additional investment

Fisheries ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

Established fishing industries with fishing licences are eligible for exemption from Customs Duty for items such as spares, packaging material, fishing nets, floats, fishing vessels and wide range of fishing equipment Small fishing establishments that provide evidence of their operations and supporting documentation from the Fishing Co-operatives are eligible for exemptions from Customs Duty and zero rate of Value-Added-tax on fishing nets, floats, rope, twine, cordage, hooks and sheet lead Exemption from Customs Duty and Value-Added Tax on outboard engines of up to 75 Hp Exemptions from duties and taxes for items covered under an Investment Agreement

Forestry

Agri-business ⁻⁻

Zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on sacks and bags used for packaging of goods Exemptions from duties and taxes from items covered under an Investment Agreement

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

Exemption from Customs Duty of a wide range of forestry and sawmilling equipment – skidders, band saws, gang saws, chain saws, saws blades, etc.

Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of wood working equipment – lathes, sanders, routes, saws Exemptions from duties and taxes for items covered under an Investment Agreement

Mining ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of mining equipment – for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances; rock drilling or earth boring tools; furnaces and ovens for roasting, melting or heat treatment of ores, pyrites or of metals Exemptions from duties and taxes for items covered under an Investment Agreement

ICT ⁻⁻

⁻⁻

⁻⁻ ⁻⁻

Exemption from Customs Duty on a wide range of ICT equipment including computers and their hardware accessories, integrated circuits, micro assemblies and apparatus Zero rate of Value-Added-Tax on Computers and hardware accessories, routers, switches and hubs for networking computers, toner cartridges and ink cartridges for computer printers Tax Holiday Exemption from duties and taxes for items covered under an Investment Agreement Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 17

.

PRODUCTION. LIVESTOCK

G

uyana’s livestock sector, which includes dairy and beef cattle, swine, poultry, sheep, goats, wildlife and other animals such as rabbits and bees, has proven to be a self sufficient industry. Even though it is not a major activity in Guyana because of a shortage of adequate pasture land and the lack of adequate transportation, it has been identified by various international bodies as holding much promise to boost Guyana’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

In 1987, there was an estimated 210,000 cattle, 185,000 pigs, 120,000 sheep, and 15 million chickens in the country. The country imported Cuban Holstein-Zebu cattle in the mid-1980s in an effort to make it self-sufficient in milk production. By 1987, annual production had reached 32 million liters, or only half the target quantity. Meeting this is still a national goal that is on the agenda of the agriculture sector.

Nonetheless, the livestock sub‐sector today contributes approximately 13.6 percent of the agricultural GDP and 2.8 percent of the total GDP. This sub‐sector is responsible for the production of poultry meat, eggs, beef, pork, mutton and milk.

Livestock production systems are of various forms which include extensive cattle ranching in the savannahs to promote production of beef. There are also small‐size family farms to promote the production of milk, poultry, small ruminants and pigs.

The poultry industry remains one of the single most important industries in the livestock sub‐ sector in terms of employment, contribution to GDP and production. The poultry industry is dualistic in both its spatial location and structure of production. Large‐ scale broiler processors are typically organized on relatively extensive areas that are highly mechanized.

There are an estimated 100 independent commercial broiler farms, varying in sizes from 95 m2 – 1,600 Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 18

Guyana’s “Self Sufficient Industry”

m2. with the large farms accounting for 4,700 m2.

A number of processors contract farmers to supply live birds and these ‘contract grower’ farms account for about 38,100 m2 of farm space.

In addition, it is estimated that there are some 3,000 small ‘back yard’ farmers with average sizes of 25m2 .

As for the production of pigs, there are approximately 2500 pig farmers, located mainly in Regions Two, Three, Four, Five and Six. The number of pigs reared in Guyana is approximately 200,000 head; Production is generally a ‘back yard’ type system, pursued mainly by small farmers as part of an integrated farming system. A few farmers practice large scale commercial swine production with over 100 head of pigs. A wide range of local products and by‐ products are used for feeding pigs, these include commercial feeds, rice bran, copra meal, wheat middling, molasses, fish meal, shrimp meal, kitchen waste and swill.

With regard to the small ruminant sector, there are approximately 130,000 head of sheep and 79,000 head of goats. Guyana is one of the countries with the greatest number of sheep within the CARICOM region; however, it is perhaps the country with the lowest production parameters. The carcass dressing weight and other production parameters lag behind those of its Caribbean counterparts.

The local sheep stock is predominantly of the Barbados Blackbelly breed type, and the goats Creole. There is an increased demand for breeding animals; consequently, farmers have been importing other exotic breeds of sheep such as the Katahadin and the Dorper, and there is also a programme for the introduction of the Texel. The use of the Boer breed has seen tremendous increases in the goat parameters Furthermore, Guyana is believed to have between 220,000 – 250,000 head of beef and dairy cattle. They are spread mainly in Regions Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Nine and Ten. The principal dairy producing Regions are Two, Three, Four, Five and Six while the main beef producing regions are Regions Three, Five, Six, Nine and Ten. A 2006 census revealed that the cattle populations of Regions Five and Six were 69,478 and 41, 148 heads, respectively.

In an era where pathogens from animals are entering the oceanic, as

well as human internal ecosystem, a clear picture has emerged regarding emerging diseases. Man is becoming increasingly concerned about accessing safe, wholesome and affordable food, particularly food emanating from livestock. In an effort to develop the architecture that will support our drive to satisfy this need, several entities in livestock were unified under one new arms-length or semi-autonomous agency, the Guyana Livestock Development Authority.

The thrust of the agency is to “promote greater efficiency in the livestock product industry and to provide enhanced services in livestock husbandry, livestock health and research so as to make provision for effective administration and regulation of trade, commerce and export of livestock or livestock products and for matters related and incidental.”

As one of the newest agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture, it delivers public services related to animal production, animal health, animal genetics, marketing, training and extension services as well as regulatory services.

Several programmes are planned and implemented under GLDA’s mandate.

One involves protecting the gains of animal production and genetics through the provision of timely veterinary interventions and minimizing the threat of disease from internal and external sources.

Veterinary drugs and the importation of animals are also regulated under this programme. Another programme involves infusing local animal stock with new genetics to enable our farmers to benefit from higher productivity.

Techniques of artificial insemination and embryo transfer form part of our regular strategies. Superior genetics is supported by another programme designed to catapult our farmers into higher levels of animal husbandry through better nutrition, housing and access to authentic and validated information.

The country’s livestock population is relatively disease-free except for endo- and ecto-parasitic burdens and their associated diseases. Tuberculosis in cattle has been identified in some enclaves.

Poultry producers have been experiencing undiagnosed conditions of respiratory ailments and nervous (tremor) syndromes. Pigs and small ruminants continue to be affected by endo-parasitic burdens that have not been evaluated.

MAKING THE GUYANESE TASTE MAGICAL AND UNFORGETTABLE

Visit Their Website

A

l r e a d y leaving an unforgettable For More Details mark in the multimillion dollar industry of flavour engineering, is chemist Chris Persaud, along with his wife, Chanchal.

They aspire to add their bit of “mystery” to the local, culinary, traditional dishes with their company, Umami Incorporated.

They are manufacturers of high end sauces and condiments which can be found in most supermarkets in and around Georgetown or even at the stalls at Bourda or Stabroek Markets.

In an exclusive interview, Persaud gave some insight into his passion for food chemistry, his business and

www.umamiltd.com

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 20

his plans for expansion.

Persaud was born June 26, 1981 and grew up in Cummings Street. As a young boy, he was always fond of the sciences and that passion exhibited itself during his days at St. Margret’s Primary School, Saint Stanislaus High and even when he did his A Levels at Queen’s College. It was no surprise that he would move on to the University of Guyana and successfully graduate with his Degree in Chemistry.

“I always had a flair for trying to figure out how to add that secret ingredient or flavor to my food, hence I studied food chemistry which enabled me to truly understand how victuals interact with our body. I knew that one day I would want to venture into business studies but chemistry was my priority. My father always told me that a doctor can be a businessman but the reverse cannot happen in a heartbeat and so that is another reason why I pursued chemistry.

Since I started my business, I have just been driven by the desire to master every aspect of it, which is why I started my Masters in Economics at Heirot Watt University in London,” Persaud asserted.

But his love for chemistry was fashioned by years of experience which he acquired while working with one of the most reputable Caribbean condiments company –Baron Products. He worked there for ten years moving up the ranks from chemist to respected Board member. He would then move on to work on a similar yet unique company of his own— Umami. Persaud explained that Umami, pronounced ou¬ma¬me, is Japanese for pleasant, savoury taste. He said that the use of that particular name came about because of his love for the Japanese culture, traditions, their efficiency and discipline in mastering their craft.

On all of the fifteen bottled condiments that his company produces, there are five circles on the logo, four of which represent sweet, sour, salt and bitter.

He said that the fifth circle is the Umami taste. The colours of the logo also represent the national flag, the Golden Arrow Head.

The young entrepreneur said that the company was incorporated in May 2013, but actually made its first dollar in November of that year; hence the anniversary of the company is celebrated in that month.

“My wife and I consider ourselves true patriots.

We love the fact that we have something that is Guyanese and that people in and out of Guyana are able to share in our taste. And it all goes back to my love for creating the things which give food that magical mystery. It is a fulfilling feeling when persons can tell you that they really enjoy the quality of our product. It means a lot because each product was carefully and uniquely designed to provide a taste that is fresh and local and most importantly, can attract attention on the international stage,” Persaud added.

The chemist said that his manufacturing company, though relatively young, has already penetrated markets throughout the length and breadth of the country and after accepting proposals from regional and international markets, the Guyanese product is also represented abroad. He mentioned some of these territories to be Tortola, St. Martin and the USA. He noted that currently, the company has 16 different products with their factory located in Lusignan. Some of these include: pepper sauce, Chinese sauce, blended green seasoning, Bar¬B¬Que sauce, tomato ketchup, and garlic sauce.

The businessman noted however, that starting his now successful company did not come easy.

“When we started out, it was tough. I mean every hurdle or obstacle a new business would encounter, we had to deal with .

When we first brought out our products there were

the usual comments like “oh this looks Chinese”, “I don’t know these people so I’m sticking to what I know”, etc., but given our persistence and drive and belief in our product, we were able to achieve brand loyalty and provide customers these quality products at an affordable price. For me, it’s about quality and making this taste part of the culinary traditions,” the chemist said.

He added, “A lot of thought went into the packaging because there is a myriad of foreign products that you have to compete with in the markets and that means you have less time to capture the attention of the consumer. And so we had to import the materials to bottle and package it to have a very attractive product. But we are most proud of the content of the product. It is all fresh and natural and provided by local farmers.”

Persaud said that soon, he hopes to start providing the very packaging materials he is importing for his products.

He said that his company plans on expanding by manufacturing edible oils too.

For me, it’s about quality and making this taste part of the culinary traditions...

Persaud asserted, “There is a really good market out there for edible oils like soya bean oil. There is tremendous scope for it out there.”

The chemist concluded, “At the end of the day, we are pleased with the support we are given from Guyanese throughout the country and we just really want to thank them for making Umami their first choice. It is important to support your own. And we are again, elated to be welcomed into the kitchens of the Guyanese family as they add the fifth taste to their everyday dishes.”

Umami has copped several top national awards for their signature look and taste.

Two of these include a special honour , that being the President’s Award from the Guyana Manufacturing and Services Association; and “the Business of the Year” Award from the Georgetown Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 21

IMPORT/EXPORT

GUYANA’S MERCHANDISE TRADE

SHOWS MARGINAL CONTRACTION OVER THE PAST THREE YEARS

According to the Bank of Guyana, which monitors the growth and slump of the economy, it was found that the country’s merchandise trade deficit contracted by 24.3 percent or US$75.9 million to US$236.8 million from US$312.6 million as at the end of June 2014.

This outturn was due to a US$74.5 million reduction in imports and a US$1.4 million increase in export receipts. Total export receipts amounted to US$536.1 million, 0.3 percent more than the US$534.7 million recorded at end-June 2014. This upturn was as a result of higher earnings from rice, “other exports” and timber.

Also, it was revealed that the value of merchandise imports decreased by 8.8 percent or US$74.5 million to US$772.8 million.

This outturn was on account of lower imports of intermediate goods.

Imports in the “consumption goods” sub-category amounted to US$188.4 million, 0.8 percent or US$1.5 million more than the 2014 corresponding level.

This was mainly due to increases in other durable goods and food for final consumption by US$4.5 million and US$3.3 million respectively.

There were declines in beverages and tobacco, other non-durable goods, motor cars, clothing and footwear and other semi-durable goods by US$2.6 million, US$1.6 million, US$1.3 million, US$0.5 million and US$0.3 million respectively. In the “intermediate goods” sub-category, imports decreased by 18.7 percent or US$90.7 million to US$393.7 million.

This position was as a result of declines in the import value of fuel and lubricants, food for intermediate use, textiles and fabrics and other intermediate goods by US$101.0 million, US$3.5 million, US$0.7 million and US$0.4 million.

However, chemicals and parts and accessories recorded increases of US$13.2 million and US$1.6 million respectively. Additionally, imports in the sub-category “capital goods” increased by 8.6 percent or US$14.8 million to US$186.7 million.

Nearly all types of capital goods recorded an increase, with the most notable being an US$8.7 million increase in building machinery.

However, imports for industrial machinery and agricultural machinery saw a decline of US$5.4 million and US$5.2 million respectively.

As for the year 2013, it was noted that the merchandise trade deficit narrowed by 2.3 percent or US$7.2 million to US$304.4 million from US$311.6 million at the end June 2013. This decline was due to a US$68.2 million reduction in imports which more than offset a US$61.4 million contraction in export receipts.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 22

It was found too, that the value of merchandise imports decreased by 7.5 percent or US$68.2 million to US$839.0 million. This outturn was mainly on account of lower imports of consumption, intermediate, and capital goods.

Imports in the consumption goods subcategory amounted to US$186.9 million, 7.2 percent or US$14.5 million less than the 2013 corresponding level. All items within this subcategory decreased, with the most notable being a decline in other nondurable goods, and other durable goods of US$5.8 million and US$2.8 million respectively.

In the intermediate goods subcategory, imports declined by 3.3 percent or US$16.1 million to US$476.1 million.

This position was mainly due to declines in chemicals, parts and accessories, and textiles and clothing by US$20.5 million, US$8.9 million, and US$0.1 million respectively. However, fuel and lubricants, other intermediate goods and food for intermediate use recorded increases of US$6.9 million, US$3.6 million and US$2.9 million respectively.

Importantly, imports in the sub-category of capital goods declined by 17.7 percent or US$37.0 million to US$171.9 million.

Nearly all types of capital goods recorded a decline, with the most notable being a US$17.1 million reduction in agricultural machinery. However, imports for mining

machinery saw an increase of US$3.6 million.

When compared to the prior year, statistics revealed that merchandise trade deficit narrowed by US$57.4 million to US$317.7 million from US$375.1 million at the end of June 2012. This was however, noted to be an improvement over 2011.

It was due to a US$7.0 million increase in exports and a US$50.4 million decrease in imports.

It could be noted that the value of merchandise imports decreased by 5.3 percent or US$50.4 million to US$907.2 million. This outturn was mainly on account of lower imports of consumption, intermediate and capital goods.

Imports in the consumption goods amounted to US$201.4 million. All items except food for final consumption, motor cars, clothing and footwear, and other durable goods increased in value. For intermediate goods, imports decreased by 5.7 percent to US$492.1 million. This position was on account of a 9.6 percent or US$30.0 million decrease in the value of fuel and lubricants imported, as well as a decrease in the value of parts and accessories imported by 20.8 percent or US$11.9 million. Food for intermediate use and chemicals recorded increases of 9.4 percent or US$3.5 million and 43.8 percent or US$12.8 million respectively.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 23

A conversation on pageantry…

What do the judges look for?

Celebrated fashion designer Patricia Coates weighs in…

I

am sure that in your lifetime of watching pageants, whether locally or internationally, you haven’t always agreed with the Judges’ decision on the queen. And sometimes we ask, what are they really looking for? Well one of Guyana’s most celebrated fashion designers and pageant enthusiast will give us some insight in this regard.

Patricia Coates has maintained a strong presence in various positions in the local world of pageantry for over 30 years. The former teacher, who worked in the private sector as well, has been described as being one who “emits a particular quality and style only associated with Legends.”

The insightful businesswoman who is said to be a symbol of classiness has had several of her awe-inspiring creations leave lasting impressions on runways across the world. Her mastery of perfection in designing earned her a nomination in 2009, for the esteemed Guyanese Designer of the Year Award. However, in 2011 she was honoured for her invaluable contributions to the Caribbean fashion industry as she was awarded the Karib Nation’s Award of Excellence.

In an exclusive interview, Coates answers some critical questions which include what she thinks the judges of the pageant world look for from the hopeful delegates.

GIM: Taking into account the gorgeous and outstanding women we have sent to represent us at the international leg of the pageant for the past 12 years, do you think that there is any particular reason why they didn’t place?

Guyana Inc. Magazine (GIM): What are the judges looking for when choosing a queen, let’s say for the Miss Guyana Universe Pageant?

Patricia Coates (PC): The judges are looking for a particular look. The ideal queen must be a beautiful balance of certain qualities. She must be confident but not arrogant. She must be stunning, have the right physique and must communicate to the judges that she knows that she is the one. She must be graceful on the stage and not come off as though she is trying too hard to impress the judges and even her audience. The way she maneuvers on the stage must be effortless, even in her smile.

In short, the judges are looking for well toned body, captivating smile, intelligence, charisma and a contestant who is sure about herself.

GIM: How hard do contestants have to train for the Miss Guyana Universe Pageant?

PC: Very Hard! We never take it easy with the delegates and training is done to refine the young women and transform them into graceful, well rounded princesses.

Sometimes, some of the contestants would have to put in more work depending on their deficiencies but overall, the training package is never a walk in the park.

GIM: Of all the qualities a Miss Guyana Universe Queen must have, which in your belief is one of the most important?

PC: It would definitely have to be her ability to communicate. The Miss Guyana Universe Queen must be able to be the

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 24

Renowned Fashion designer, Patricia Coates (left) in the company of a model decked out in one of her ravishing designs

perfect chameleon and know how and when to adapt to her environment. She must know what is required of her. She should be able to communicate effectively with people of all walks of life. She should be able to converse on several topics ranging from politics to health to social issues and be able to contribute effectively on the subject being discussed. She is not just an ambassador with beauty, she is a beautiful woman who can make her presence felt and purpose realized from the manner in which she communicates with others, and that quality really tells you if the woman is truly the queen or not.

PC: There are lots of reasons why I believe that some of the women have not been able to land a spot when they get to the actual Miss Universe pageant. But I don’t want to put the spotlight on the negatives because I don’t think we should focus there.

We are growing from strength to strength and I believe that some of the contestants continue to push the envelope and do their best. However, I do believe that if financial support from the government’s part is improved, our girls would stand a better chance. It is about investment in our beauty ambassadors. Significant investment if I might add.

GIM: What are some of the mistakes made by some of the women who apply to be a part of the Miss Guyana Universe pageant and what is your advice to the future contenders?

PC: When we examine some of the women who apply to be a part of the pageant, it would seem as though they just got up on a whim and decided, “Hey, you know what? I am going to sign up for the pageant today” without giving thought to whether they are prepared emotionally or physically for what is to come and what it takes to be a worthy contestant. So my advice to the future hopefuls would be, invest in your training, invest in your education and invest in caring your hair, teeth and skin.

Please drink responsibly. Contains alcohol.

Find your happy taste!

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The Story Of

Dr. Zulfikar Bux Driven By A Passion to Improve Medicine “An Emergency Specialist can figure out and manage a patient’s condition in a way that no other physician can... It could be a gunshot wound or even a heart attack and an Emergency Specialist can deal with cases like these and more in a safe and efficient manner.”

Images (Clockwise) - Dr . Zulfikar Bux in his office; In the company of some of his Emergency Medicine staffers; With his beautiful wife, Farzana; In cricketing mode.

Main Image Credit sites.google.com/site/gphcemtest/

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 26

any of us believe that we are born with an ingrained passion to fulfill certain goals and ambitions. For a young Zulfikar Bux, it was definitely cricket; or so he thought.

He was convinced from a tender age that becoming a renowned cricketer was the path he was firmly destined to be on. This was quite believable because he played incredible cricket for a Berbice youth team.

But his father, Tazeen Bux, on the other hand, was convinced that practicing medicine was his son’s destined forte.

It wasn’t until his early teenage years that the young Bux was overwhelmed with the realisation that indeed he was birthed for all things medicine. It all hit him like a ton of bricks when he witnessed the demise of a neighbour from a medical condition that he learnt was very avoidable.

Bux is now a very reputable doctor practicing at the country’s premier public health institution – the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation.

He, during an interview with Guyana Inc. Magazine, recalled all too well that he was about 13 years old when one of his neighbours, a diabetic, became gravely ill to the point of becoming unresponsive.

He was seen at a health facility but died shortly after. It was later discovered that the neighbour was suffering from hypoglycaemia, a condition caused by low blood sugar.

“The fact that nobody could have looked for signs of low blood sugar made me realise this was the level of health care we were getting. All somebody had to do was give him some ice cream or even a little bit of sugar water and he could have been alive today. This was the turning point for me,” confided Dr. Bux. Although determined to eventually pursue a career in medicine, as a young boy Dr. Bux desperately tried to balance his studies with his passion for cricket.

After all, he was convinced that there was no reason he couldn’t be the best at both.

He was smart enough to master both.

His father, however, encouraged him to focus more on medicine.

Before long, cricket had taken a back seat and his focus was trained on completing his secondary education with the view of commencing the Medicine

Programme at the University of Guyana (UG). He had barely started his studies when his family got an opportunity to migrate to the United States (US). But Dr. Bux disclosed that even as a young boy he was not prepared to abruptly bring his studies to an end.

He was essentially left behind and had to live on his own; but not without his family’s enduring love and support.

BECOMING A DOCTOR and taking up residence in another land was in fact never an option for him. This was in light of the fact that he was driven by thoughts of “what can I do for my country... becoming a doctor I believe was one of the best ways I could contribute to my country.”

As a young boy Dr. Bux attended the Rosignol Primary School and then the New Amsterdam Multilateral School.

It was after completing his Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) examinations and finishing up his advanced secondary studies, that he applied and was accepted to pursue the pre¬med programme at UG. While encouraging words from his father were enough to keep him on track, Dr. Bux confided that it was really his mother who helped him remain focused along the way. “She was always keeping in contact with me by phone...I can’t remember a single day she didn’t call me. She was supporting me in every way possible. She would have given me everything she had just to ensure

that I reached my goal. She is the one that helped me to become the person I am today,” said an emotional Dr. Bux. After graduating from UG, he started practicing as a General Medical Officer at the GPHC. But in order to become a specialist in his field, he had to undertake some training overseas. He wasn’t too anxious to venture overseas but it was necessary if he was to specialise in Emergency Medicine. He wasn’t prepared to just be a general practitioner but rather he was aiming to fill a void that was gravely lacking at that time.

Through strategic collaboration between the GPHC and the Vanderbilt Medical Centre in the US, which is regarded as a top Emergency Medicine hospital, the young Dr. Bux was able to access specialist training. “I was like the lab rat...I was the pioneer when it came to Emergency Medicine here. A lot of people were skeptical about it but I was actually ready for this.

Three of us were interviewed (for training) but I was the only one who made it through and graduated,” recalled Dr. Bux. “It was a system where I had to trust them (experts at Vanderbilt) to train me,” recounted Dr. Bux, who after completing the programme became the first Emergency Medicine specialist in the country. And according to him, “It just goes to show that you can be elevated to the highest possible level of your profession and do the best you can by staying right here in Guyana,” asserted Dr. Bux. Since his training, he has paved the way for seven more doctors to follow in his footsteps, and he is confident that in the next five years the number of specialists in this field will amount to at least 20.

The introduction of Emergency Medicine specialists like Dr. Bux into the public healthcare system does not only mean improvement in the service offered at the GPHC, but rather the country as a whole.

According to Dr. Bux, “an Emergency Specialist can figure out and manage a patient’s condition in a way that no other physician can...it could be a gunshot wound or even a heart attack and an Emergency Specialist can deal with cases like that and more in a safe and efficient manner.

Patients can actually be treated and stabilised by emergency doctors.”

It has been recognised internationally, Dr. Bux noted, that Emergency Medicine is in fact the face of the whole public health system, and it has been for this reason that he has graciously taken the lead to advance this mandate. Dr. Bux has been mastering this task well.

SIMPLE UPBRINGING Born to Tazeen and Balkumarie Bux on April 17, 1984 at Fyrish Village, Corentyne, Berbice, Dr. Bux is the third of four

children. His father, a seasoned agriculturist, was forced to uproot the family a few times during Dr. Bux’s childhood in order to fulfil the requirements of his work.

Most of his childhood days were spent in Cotton Tree Village on the West Coast of Berbice.

In fact, he disclosed that over the years he fell in love with the village so much so that he, even today, has remained grounded there. This translates to him driving from the Berbice Village every day in order to practice his profession at the Georgetown Hospital.

“I don’t see myself going anywhere else. I don’t care how frustrating things get in Guyana, somehow or the other I have gotten addicted to that village. If I had my way I would be living and doing everything in Berbice, especially in my village... probably that is the biggest reason I am still in Guyana,” confided a blushing Dr. Bux. He is of the firm belief that Berbice is almost a separate and more hospitable world when compared to areas like Georgetown. And he knows this all too well because for a short period he rented an apartment in the city. “I did not know who I lived next to, people said hi sometimes...I have been to the US, Trinidad and a few other countries and you see the same thing. But where I grew up in Berbice it’s nothing like that,” asserted Dr. Bux. As he reminisced about his younger days, Dr. Bux related that “my neighbours in Berbice practically brought me up when my family migrated.”

“I didn’t have to worry about anything...I could’ve just walked into their (neighbours) kitchens, take whatever I wanted and they never accepted payment from me. When I had birthdays they would celebrate with me. I could sleep at any of their houses; the love you have there, it’s not the kind you see anywhere else. That was the kind of atmosphere I grew up in and it is the same kind of environment I want to bring my children up in and grow old in,” said Dr. Bux. Dr. Bux tied the blissful wedding knot on August 3, 2013 to his sweetheart, Farzana, and they are eagerly expecting their first child shortly. “I am looking forward to that part of my life when I’m going to become a father. I give quite a lot of my time to the public and I want to ensure what I have started continues, but at the same time I have to balance my family life too,” said Dr. Bux, who added that “at the end of my life I would like to hear that I was a good doctor but that I was a better husband and father...once family comes first I think I would be better able to share with my country.”

He, however, hasn’t forgotten his love for cricket and spares a little time at nights to nurture his cricketing talent.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 27

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 28

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 30

EXPECTATIONS OF THE JUDICIARY FOR 2016 Prepared by Teni Housty, Attorney-at-Law, LL.M.; MBA

With the changing of the administrative and judicial guard in the High Court of Guyana, an opportunity is presented to reflect on the resolutions, expectations for the administration of justice and practice of the law for the year 2016 and onward.

The reflections herein have not been tested for consensus among the colleagues of the writer, but come from some exposure to several in the practice of the law.

For 2016, the expectations are not lowered as suggested by a skit on an old television show entitled “lowered expectations”. In fact, the expectations are cautiously and positively optimistic in the following areas: leadership and following; decisions and substance; and attire and human senses.

LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWING In many contexts the most important person to cause a revolution and change has been the first follower. This can be discerned from a YouTube video entitled “leadership lessons from a dancing guy”, worth a Google or a Bing.

In the present context of the administration of justice in Guyana, it is suggested that such a situation does exist. We have a third follower as a female Chief Justice, a follower as a Caribbean trained Chief Justice and another follower with the surname Cummings as Chief Justice.

With the opportunity to create a revolution of change in the legal system in Guyana, there are expectations.

It is interesting that justice is said to be blind. It is reported that a blind man once said to a deaf man who was not exactly listening “we shall see”. As the whole of Guyana continues to wait to see, we in the profession hope to see: • A reduction in the backlog of matters; • The continued timely granting of applications in relation to the estates of deceased persons.

• A revised approach to applications for and granting of adjournments.

• The practice as attorneys-at-law and not attorneys-at-fact. Facts should be properly contextualised by counsel and supported by

relevant and applicable law.

• More reading and writing and less talking, additional emissions of hot air add to the current climate challenges facing our country.

DECISIONS AND SUBSTANCE For those charged with the delivery of justice, there are visions of more written decisions and fewer decisions in writing. For some it may be suggested that the previous sentence is a distinction without a difference, there is, however, a difference. A decision in writing is exactly that: a decision on an issue without the support of reason, precedent or authority. On the other hand, a written decision should build on the fundamentals of law: facts, issues, relevant law, application of the law and conclusions and should also be timely. Further I say not on the subject.

ATTIRE AND HUMAN SENSES. From those that are charged with the delivery of justice there may less need for the wearing of sunshades in Court. At the outset it must be established that this is not an attack, such as the sun on the follically challenged. There is an old song with the words “life is so bright that I have to wear shades”.

It has been observed that the attire, both male and female attorneys-at-law, have drifted away from less sober colours, to bright shirts and ties for the males and other variations for females.

The causal effect demonstrates a direct correlation among senses of sight, speech and hearing. Counsel would be seen, could even be speaking but not heard by the Court. The sights and sounds are so out of place that the hearing of the bench may be impaired.

So the conflict is resumed, presence at the bar but in sober colours. However, we should be aware of the subtle revolution of socks by the males. The most recent development, females, finger nails and nail polish. Comment is reserved due to lack of expertise.

CONCLUDING THOUGHTS So here we are, some of the old, more of the same, the hope for better and a 2:00 am bar curfew. The bar is still open for business but, we shall see.

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Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 32

DOMESTIC

VIOLENCE 2016

The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) US defines domestic abuse as “the willful intimidation, physical assault, and or other abusive behavior as part of a systemic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another”. 1

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very day there are victims of domestic violence. Some are beaten without remorse and battered beyond recognition. Some, just don’t make it out alive.

It is a grotesque disease that has touched every shore, including Guyana’s. But the fight still continues to educate every citizen on the heartwrenching effects of Domestic Violence and why it is imperative for all to join in this battle.

The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) US defines domestic abuse as “the willful intimidation, physical assault, and or other abusive behavior as part of a systemic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another”.

It is a global epidemic, affecting individuals in every community, Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 34

regardless of age, economic status, sexual orientation, gender, race, religion or nationality. In short, anyone could become a victim of domestic abuse. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence and emotional abuse.

Physical Violence – this is the intentional use of physical force with the potential for causing death, disability, injury, or harm. Physical violence includes, but is not limited to, scratching; pushing; shoving; throwing; grabbing; biting; choking; shaking; aggressive hair pulling; slapping; punching; hitting; burning; use of a weapon; and use of restraints or one’s body, size, or strength against another person. Physical violence also includes coercing other people to commit any of the above

acts.

Stalking is a pattern of repeated, unwanted, attention and contact that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone else (e.g., family member or friend).

Some examples include repeated, unwanted phone calls, emails, or texts; leaving cards, letters, flowers, or other items when the victim does not want them; watching or following from a distance; spying; approaching or showing up in places when the victim does not want to see them; sneaking into the victim’s home or car; damaging the victim’s personal property; harming or threatening the victim’s pet; and making threats to physically harm the victim.

Psychological Aggression is the use of verbal and non-verbal communication with the intent

to harm another person mentally or emotionally, and/or to exert control over another person.

Psychological aggression can include expressive aggression (e.g., name-calling, humiliating); coercive control (e.g., limiting access to transportation, money, friends, and family; excessive monitoring of whereabouts); threats of physical or sexual violence; control of reproductive or sexual health (e.g., refusal to use birth control; coerced pregnancy termination); exploitation of victim’s vulnerability (e.g., immigration status, disability); exploitation of perpetrator’s vulnerability; and presenting false information to the victim with the intent of making them doubt their own memory or perception (e.g., mind games).

Sexual violence - is divided into different categories.

• Rape or penetration of victim – Forced penetration occurs through the perpetrator’s use of physical force against the victim or threats to physically harm the victim. This includes an action by the perpretator on the victim that is either completed or attempted or involves vaginal, oral or anal insertion by the perpretrator on the victim through the use of alcohol or any other form of drugs .

• Non-physically pressured unwanted penetration – This includes incidents in which the victim was pressured verbally or through intimidation or misuse of authority to consent or acquiesce to being penetrated.

• Unwanted sexual contact – This includes intentional touching of the victim or making the victim touch the perpetrator, either directly or through the clothing, on the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks without the victim’s consent.

• Non-contact unwanted sexual experiences – This includes unwanted sexual events that are not of a physical nature that occur without the victim’s consent. Examples include unwanted exposure to sexual situations (e.g., pornography); verbal or behavioral sexual harassment; threats of sexual violence to accomplish some other end; and /or unwanted filming, taking or disseminating photographs of a sexual nature of another person.

Domestic Abuse in Guyana According to the United States Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007, domestic violence in Guyana is “widespread” . At least one out of every three women in Guyana has reportedly been a victim of domestic violence.

Sources consulted by the Research Directorate indicate that the problem of domestic violence affects women in Guyana of all racial and socio-economic backgrounds.

Help and Shelter, an organization founded in 1995 that specializes in combating all types of violence, especially domestic violence and child abuse, compiles data on the characteristics of the clients it serves. According to statistics updated on 6 August 2008, Help and Shelter served 324 clients between 1 January 2008 and 30 July 2008.

Country Reports 2007 reports that Help and Shelter handled a total of 739 cases of domestic violence in 2007 (US 11 Mar. 2008, Sec. 5). Of these cases, 538 involved spousal abuse directed against women.

Statistics released by the government of Guyana on 12 June 2008 indicate that there were over 3,600 cases of domestic violence reported in 2007 as compared to 1,708 the previous year.. The largest increase was recorded in Berbice, where the number of reported cases rose from approximately 300 cases in 2006, to approximately 1,890 cases in 2007 (ibid.; Guyana Chronicle 12 June 2008).

In 2014, the Guyana Police Force reported 3051 cases of domestic violence. In addition, 1684 cases were followed through, while 1500 offenders were warned and 18 cases were referred to the Probation and Social Services Department at the Human Services Ministry. There are presently over 1000 pending matters.

How do we deal with Domestic Abuse in our personal lives?

HELP & SHELTER

Help & Shelter was founded in 1995 to work against all types of violence, especially domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. The following is a real life account of someone who got out of a bad domestic situation and has successfully moved forward with life.

“I came to legal aid to get help with domestic problems I was having with my husband. After going to Help & Shelter they told me about legal aid. Legal aid helped me with getting orders for domestic violence I was experiencing and getting a divorce from my husband.

I found legal aid very welcoming. I had been suffering with some of my problems for years and when I talked to my lawyer, he gave me advice and told me what I could do to deal with my matter. After talking with him I felt safe and such relief.

Things would be okay.

We went to court and my husband is now away from me and out of the house.

It is much better. I don’t have the stress that I had before. My children used to be scared and upset all the time but they are getting better now. They still get upset sometimes, but I am talking and counseling with them and they are getting there. I am getting there too.

Now that everything is over I can finally spend the time I want focusing on my children. I am looking forward to spending time with them and seeing them finish school. I suffered in my situation for a long time but legal aid finally helped me get out”.

The numbers to call to access such assistance is 225-4731, 227-8353, or access their website for all the necessary information: http://www.hands.org.gy/ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 1996

The Domestic Violence Act of Guyana was passed in December, 1996 in order to give legal protection to persons who have suffered abuse or are at risk of suffering domestic abuse.

Who is protected under the Act? • • Any person who is suffering domestic abuse is automatically eligible to be protected by the Act. Any abused person, adult or child can get protection from: • A spouse, fiance(e) or reputed spouse, or partner with whom they live • Anyone who lives in the household today or has lived in the past, but not tenants or employees unless there were sexual relations with them • A relative • Any person with whom the victim has had a sexual relationship

http://www.ncadv.org/ - 2(US 11 Mar. 2008, Sec. 5). - 3(Radio Jamaica 13 June 2008; Help and Shelter n.d.a - 4Guyana: Prevalence of domestic violence, availability of state protection, recourse and services available to victims - Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ottawa - 5(US 11 Mar. 2008, Sec. 5; Kaieteur News 12 June 2008a). 6 (Guyana Chronicle 12 June 2008; Stabroek News 12 June 2008) 1

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What is classified as abuse under the Act The words that are used to describe abuse are ill treatment, violation, molestation, seduction and betrayal. It need not be only physical violence.

Abuse can also be “Psychological Abuse” This means any activity which persistently humiliates the victim, dishonors her or him, or lowers their self esteem like : • Not allowing them to handle their own things or property • Blackmailing • Watching over them in a way which is threatening • Not allowing the victim to eat or sleep well • Manipulating the children • Causing the victim emotional agony Harassment has to be proved in order to qualify for protection under the Domestic Violence Act. Harassment is defined in the Act as: • Verbal abuse - “cussing up”, screaming, humiliating • Threatening with physical harm or violence • Breaking things or damaging things which are important to the victim • Making the victim scared or afraid of physical or psychological harm • Threatening the victim • Hiding things belonging to the victim • Watching over the house, work place, school or anywhere the victim goes for daily business • Making unwelcome advances • Using abusive language IF YOU HAVE DECIDED TO LEAVE

The first step in escaping an abusive situation is realizing that you’re not alone and it’s not your fault.

• Make a plan for how you are going to leave, including where you’re going to go, and how to cover your tracks.

Make one plan for if you have time to prepare to leave the home. Make another plan for if you have to leave the home in a hurry.

• If you can, keep any evidence of the physical abuse and take it with you when you leave. Make sure to keep this evidence in a safe place that the abuser will not find – this may mean that you have to keep it in a locked drawer at work or with a trusted family member. If the abuser finds it, you could be in more danger. Such

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evidence of physical abuse might include: • Pictures you have of bruises or other injuries. If possible, try to have these pictures dated; • Torn or bloody clothing; • Household objects that the abuser damaged or broke during a violent episode; • Pictures that show your home destroyed or messed up after violence happened; • Any records you have from doctors or the police that document the abuse; • Whenever you are hurt, go to a doctor or to an emergency room as soon as possible if you can. Tell them what happened.

Ask them to make a record of your visit and of what happened to you. Be sure to get a copy of the record.

• A journal that you may have kept with details about the abuse, which could help prove the abuse in court.

Get a bag together that you can easily grab when you leave. Some things to include in the bag are: • Spare car keys; • Your driver’s license; • A list of your credit/debit cards so that you can track any activity on them.

• Money • Phone numbers for friends, relatives, doctors, schools, taxi services, and your local domestic violence organization.

• A change of clothing for you and your children.

• Any medication that you or your children usually take.

• Copies of your children’s birth certificates, school & immunization records.

• Copies of legal documents for you and the abuser, such as passports, green cards, medical records, insurance information, birth certificates, marriage license, wills, welfare identification information and copies of any court orders (such as your protection order or custody order).

• Copies of financial documents for you and the abuser, such as pay stubs, bank account information, a list of credit cards you hold by yourself or together with the abuser.

• Any evidence you’ve been collecting to show that you’ve been abused.

• A few things you want to keep, like photographs, jewelry or other

personal items.

• Hide this bag somewhere the abuser will not find it. Try to keep it at a trusted friend or neighbor’s house.

Avoid using next-door neighbors, close family members, or mutual friends, as the abuser might be more likely to find it there. If you’re in an emergency and need to get out right away, don’t worry about gathering these things. While they’re helpful to have, getting out safely should come first.

• Hide an extra set of car keys in a place you can get to easily in case the abuser takes the car keys to prevent you from leaving.

• Try to set money aside. If the abuser controls the household money, this might mean that you can only save a few dollars per week; the most important thing is that you save whatever amount you can that will not tip off the abuser and put you in further danger. You can ask trusted friends or family members to hold money for you so that the abuser cannot find it and/or use it.

• If you are not employed, try to get job skills by taking classes at a community college or a vocational school if you can. This will help you to get a job either before or after you leave so that you won’t need to be financially dependent on the abuser.

• Getting a protective order can be an important part of a safety plan when preparing to leave. Even if you get a protective order, you should still take other safety planning steps to keep yourself and your children safe. A legal protective order is not always enough to keep you safe. Know your Domestic Abuse options and Laws.

• Leave when the abuser will least expect it. This will give you more time to get away before the abuser realizes that you are gone.

• If you have time to call the police before leaving, you can ask the police to escort you out of the house as you leave. You can also ask them to be “on call” while you’re leaving, in case you need help.

You can get out of an abusive relationship / marriage / situation. Gather your thoughts, and if you have children sit and speak with them about the plan, especially if they are of an appropriate age. It may be your only chance of giving them a future and keeping yourself and them alive.

I

Getting Home

Safely

By Brian Ramsey --------------------------------------------------------Brian Ramsey has a B.A. in Accounting & Management, along with an M.B.A. in Finance and over 29 years in the Caribbean security field. He is the Regional Development Director for Amalgamated Security Services Limited which operates in Grenada, Guyana, Barbados, St Lucia and Trinidad and Tobago.He can be contacted at bramsey@assl.com

Guyana Inc. - Issue 22 | Page 37

n each island, there are certain times of the year when nationals who live abroad return in large numbers to visit. These times of the year invariably coincide with the festive periods such as Christmas, Mashramani in Guyana, Jazz Festival in St Lucia, and Carnival time in Trinidad.

Very often, these returning nationals come with multiple large suitcases usually containing gifts for family and friends; and many of the flights into the Caribbean from metropolitan countries arrive in the late evening and night.

Because of when most international airports in the Caribbean were built, the airport is often a considerable distance from the capital city and has a roadway that may have many lonely stretches.

This is the case when travelling from Timehri to Georgetown in Guyana, and from Hewanorra to Castries in St Lucia.

Criminals take note of these facts and so we periodically hear of persons being robbed when coming from the airport. T hese criminals have worked out that apart from the items that may be contained in the suitcases, the returning national is likely to have a large amount of foreign currency, and that currency alone is a big attraction.

Being robbed on the way home from the airport certainly spoils the joy of the homecoming both for the visitor and the family who has been waiting to see their loved one.

In this article, we will provide some advice on how to avoid being robbed and so get home safely.

One of the easiest measures for avoiding being robbed when coming from the airport is to ask the visitor to arrange their travel plans so that their flight arrives in the day time. Many times when booking flights, individuals do not consider the security risk of having to travel from the airport at night or they may find that the flight which lands at night is cheaper and so they book that flight.

When a family member indicates that they plan to visit, you can suggest to them that they choose a flight that arrives during the day and indicate the reason why.

Sport Utility Vehicles and large open tray pickup trucks have become very popular in the Caribbean. When one has to go to the airport to collect a family member from abroad, there is the natural inclination to use the open tray pickup, especially if it is known that the particular family member tends to travel with many pieces of luggage or large items of luggage.

The open tray of the pickup certainly makes it easy to load the luggage. Unfortunately, that open tray makes the luggage visible and identifies to the bandit that the vehicle is a potential target. When collecting persons from the airport, it is much better to use a vehicle that has an enclosed trunk and if a pickup is used, then it should be one that has a covering for the tray area.

It is a good idea to get another car to accompany you, both for help in transporting

the luggage and for company in case something happens to your vehicle along the road. The presence of another vehicle immediately behind your vehicle makes it more difficult for robbers to force you to stop and also provides more persons for bandits to have to control, thus making you a less inviting target.

Caribbean people are very expressive, and when at the airport you can easily tell when a family member who lives abroad returns to the native country, the shouts of joy and the hugs and kisses are plentiful. At times, after the luggage has been loaded and everyone boards the vehicle(s), someone will suggest stopping along the way for a welcome home drink. The temptation to stop while en route should, however, be avoided, as that makes it easy for the bandits to get physically close.

They no longer have to work out how to force the vehicle to a stop, instead they simply invade the group’s presence when they have stopped at a roadside restaurant or bar.

Once the luggage has been loaded, the entire group should head straight for the hotel or home. Along the way the driver should periodically be looking in the rear to see if there are any vehicles that are following them. When the journey is at night this can be difficult as the darkness prevents easy identification of vehicles that are behind you. One method for being able to identify following vehicles is to look in the rear immediately as you pass a street light, the vehicle that is following will also pass under that street light and for the brief period the illumination from the light will allow you to discern features of the following vehicle.

After some distance, the process should be repeated and the driver can then tell if the same vehicle is still behind them. Another method for discerning if there is a vehicle that is clearly following you, is to pay attention to the shape of the headlights of vehicles that are behind you. As vehicle manufacturers try to differentiate their vehicles, one of the features that they modify are the headlights and so increasingly vehicle headlights have different shapes, allowing you to distinguish different vehicles at night.

When a driver is of the belief that they are being followed and they have checked to make sure that there is a good reason for the belief, then the group should immediately stop at the nearest safe haven, which would usually be the nearest police or fire station, hospital or large open business that has a large amount of people present.

Of course being able to stop at the nearest safe haven requires that drivers pay attention to the location of possible safe havens when driving so that they will know the location in an emergency.

On reaching home, individuals should not lower their guard at the gate as robbers have been known to follow their intended target to their homes. Only when the luggage has been loaded and everyone is inside should one say, yes we got home safely.

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Weight Loss/Maintenance Plan

By Dr. Zulfikar Bux Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine

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rucial to any weight loss and maintenance plan is bearing in mind the importance of eating lighter as the day progresses, eating smaller amounts more often, minimizing on bad carbohydrates and using more protein-rich foods.

These are steps that will show results gradually and not

drastically. It is important to understand that achieving an optimal weight is a journey and not a destination, so we need to focus on the process that leads us there.

Ensuring that we blend the above with the following plans should enable us to maintain a healthy and productive body.

Use more water Drinking water improves our metabolism which will prevent unnecessary weight gain. Water also improves our hydration which has a direct effect on preventing us from overeating. It also helps to give us a feeling of fullness, thus preventing us from eating or drinking something else. The average healthy man should drink 13 cups (3 liters) of fluids per day while the average woman should drink 9 cups (2.2 liters) of fluids per day.

maintaining a healthy weight and, of course, a healthy life.

Less processed more natural Today’s pre-packaged convenience foods have been processed and altered to the point of being virtually unrecognizable, nutritionally, from the real deal.

They have less nutrition and more calories, especially Trans fats, which are known to raise bad cholesterol levels. What’s even worse, is processed foods have a direct link with increasing ones risk for cancers, heart disease, diabetes, just to list a few. Avoiding pre-packaged or preserved foods will therefore help in

Exercise One cannot stress enough on the importance of exercise. While we can control our weight by what we put in (eat), we may falter some days and therefore exercise is needed to help “burn off” additional calories. The center of disease control recommends that we do 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic activity each week. So we should be having between 11 to 22 minutes of heavy to moderate intensity activity daily if we want to maintain our body weight.

Moderate intensity aerobic activity includes biking at a casual pace, walking briskly, actively playing with children etc. Heavy intensity aerobic activity includes running, swimming, competitive sports (football, cricket, basketball) etc.

Reward yourself Every so often we will have cravings. Rewarding ourselves once a week with a meal that we crave that may be high in calories can be permitted, but we must make up for it with extra exercise. An important part of losing weight is pleasing our minds also. We wouldn’t want to miss out on all the delicious food for the rest of our lives. But careful planning and adherence can allow us to try the not so healthy ones occasionally.

My thoughts are, if we adhere to this plan, we should be able to maintain a healthy weight. I’ll be sure to put it into practice. It’s never too late to change how we eat and live. Once there is life there is an opportunity to make a change. It’s important to realize that we can reverse years of damage to our bodies by deciding to raise our standards for ourselves, then living differently.

Old wounds heal, injuries repair, and the whole system improves with just a few changes in what we put into our bodies and how we move them.

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Winning the World Cup was an extraordinary accomplishment - Campbell, Smartt

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ot many players get an opportunity to play in the Cricket World Cups - so winning the International Cricket Council T20 World Cup is a memory to cherish for a lifetime. This is according to the Guyanese members of the victorious West Indies Women’s team that captured their maiden world title in India, Shemaine Campbell and Tremayne Smartt.

Both players who hail from the Ancient County of Berbice expressed delight at winning the title. West Indies defeated three-time winners Australia by eight wickets in the final at Eden Gardens.

Campbell expressed that winning the coveted global showpiece cannot be explained. “We were knocked out from the semi-finals a few times, so crossing that hurdle and winning the competition is very good for us,” she added.

The pint-sized Campbell pointed out that their preparation was good. “We worked very hard and our series in South Africa leading up to the World Cup worked in our favour, we played as a unit which was very instrumental,” Campbell informed.

The all-rounder was happy with the support from the Indian fans and said she was confident they could have gone all the way. “The support we got in India was tremendous and I do look forward to playing there again,” she posited, adding women have a lot to offer in the game.

Her humble advice to the younger players is to take

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the game seriously and remain committed.

Medium pacer Smartt, who is also a Coach, said she is excited to be in the winning side and hopes the victory motivates other players in the region. “Cricket means a lot the Caribbean people and I am very happy to be able bring joy to them,” she lamented.

Smartt knows how important it is to play as a unit and said it is one of the main reasons for their success.

“We play together and managed to execute game plans well while sticking to the basics, these factors contributed tremendously to our success.”

She too pointed out the importance of fan support: “There were some West Indian fans there which was good, but I admire the support we got from the Indian fans. They really like the West Indian players and it was encouraging to see another country supporting us.”

“The male team supported us well, and we did that as well so being a part of that team and moment is a memory to cherish a lifetime.”

Also a useful batter, Smartt informed that she was always confident they could have won the title. “We play hard cricket and believe in ourselves and this is something we always wanted to achieve.”

Dwayne Bravo’s hit song, CHAMPION, motivated the team the Guyanese duo shared. These World Cup winning players are now looking forward the regional season and the series against England.

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