Guyana inc issue #18

YOUR FREE COPY TO KEEP! - ISSUE 18

An Introduction to the Distinguished Members of the Guyana Cabinet Revered Economist Dr. Clive Thomas - Using economics to transform economies, while fighting corruption

Guyana’s manufacturing and services industry implements initiatives to maximize contributions

Guyana’s Construction and Housing Industry - Displaying resilence steady growth in any season

Indigenous Heritage Month Activities

Annette

Arjoon-Martins is 1000% Guyanese

CONTENTS Founder and Publisher Teshawna Lall, BA, MBA Managing Director Frank Sanichara Marketing Innovative Marketing & Publishing Inc. Design Innovative Marketing & Publishing Inc.

08 FEATURE

20 THE NEW CABINET

Guyana’s Construction and Housing Industry - Displaying resilience and steady growth in any season......................................06 Annette Arjoon-Martins is 1000% Guyanese..........................................................08 Examining the performance of Guyana’s Microfinance sector .......................................12 Arya’s Fresh Cut Vegetables...........................14 Guyana’s manufacturing and services industry implements initiatives to maximize contributions...................................................16 Guyana’s Competition Commission strives to stamp out anti-competitive behavior...........................................................18 An introduction to the distinguished members of the Guyana Cabinet.............................................................20 Honorable Minister Sydney Allicock’s address to the 11th Parliament......................................................26 Empowerment Center being touted as solution to Berbice poverty dilemma...........................................................28

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16

EXPORTS OVERVIEW

Using Dogs for Home Security......................30 Revered Economist Dr. Clive Thomas - Using economics to transform economies........................................................32 The Real, Reel Meal........................................33

Editorial Contributions Ministry of Indigenous People’s Affairs Teni Housty, LLM, MBA Leonard Gildarie Franklin Wilson Sharmain Grainger Brian Ramsey Kiana Wilburg Dr. Mahendra Carpen, MBBS DM FACP Abena Rockliffe Saarah Gajraj Leana Bradshaw Tammy Quail

24 Saffon Street, Charlestown, Georgetown, Guyana, South America.

Tel: 592-665-2206 or 592-223-2169 For Subscription in Guyana and the Caribbean Contact: 592-223-2169 North America: 347-599-6426 Email: guyanainc@gmail.com Website: www.guyanainc.biz

Indigenous Heritage Month Activities.........34 Current Business Openings Emerging businesses in the local sectors..............................................................36 “Heart Attack” – A leading cause of death and disability...................................................38 Drug & Alcohol Abuse and its Role in Suicides............................................................40 Guyanese still rule WICB Regional Under-15 50-overs scene.................................................42

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Guyana’s Construction and Housing Industry

E

Displaying resilience and steady growth in any season

ven in the most worrying of economic times, there is one industry which has displayed remarkable resilience over the years. It is none other than Guyana’s construction and housing industry.

Through the good times and the bad, investors, and even the government, have shown consistent support for this sector which has maintained a steady annual growth rate.

The construction and housing sector has been one of the leading sectors in Guyana, particularly over the past three years. It has been providing focus, transforming the landscape across the country, while creating employment and stimulating demand throughout the land.

This industry accounts for approximately 7% of Guyana’s gross domestic product (GDP) since 2008. It is driven by a range of government and privately funded projects.

Strong growth of 6.6% was recorded during the first half of the year for 2013 in the construction sector, while 2014 saw the industry growing by 18%.

The construction and housing industry in Guyana includes the building of vital infrastructure, such as hospitals, roads and bridges, as well as construction to support the country’s large agricultural and mining industries.

Guyana’s National Development Strategy relies heavily on the construction industry too. There are several professional bodies acting to advance the interests of those in the sector. These include the Guyana Association of Professional Engineers and the Guyana Institute of Architects.

To promote the improvements in this sector, there is an annual Building Exposition which is held at the Providence Stadium.

The Building and Construction Exposition showcases exhibits from suppliers of hardware and electrical items, contractors, construction and engineering companies, millers and lumber dealers, housing developers and real estate agencies, furniture manufacturers and suppliers, suppliers of paints and household

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 6

items, among other items.

The occasion is always a significant one for this sector because it promotes the enhancements in construction. It also serves as a platform for reflection on the move by the previous government to regularize squatting areas and distribute house lots across the country. This has promoted pride in Guyanese ownership and the movement towards building homes for oneself.

The previous administration devised several plans in the pipeline to help young professionals and remigrants, while special incentives from the banking sector have been put in place to help low-income earners.

Hundreds of millions of dollars have been lent to this category of persons, who need this kind of assistance. This is always promoted at Building Expo.

The exposition has been such an attractive feature in promoting the construction and housing industry that it sees participation from international companies out of Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, USA, Canada and Barbados. According to the former Housing and Water Minister, a lot of investments from the public and private sectors are usually channeled into this event.

One of the biggest highlights coming out of the Building Expo is: Silica City.

Silica City is the first real initiative to take industry, commerce and residential housing to higher ground. It offers a sustainable and viable solution for the country’s housing needs.

During the event, regional and international exhibitors participate to provide investment opportunities and create opportunities for networking between and among local, regional and international businesses. Executives of the Private Sector Commission have lauded the importance of the construction industry, and pointed out that there will soon be more ways created to increase home ownership in Guyana.

The commission has also pointed out that the construction and real estate sectors have had a combined average of 11.3% of GDP over

the past four years. The “impressive” increase in mortgage credit to the private sector, which stands at an annual average of 17% from G$27.3 billion in 2009 to G$45.7 billion in 2012, is all due to the construction and housing industry.

Because of the intricate link between construction and housing, there have been significant forms of development and projects of that nature. For example, some 5,900 house lots and processing, as well as distribution of 4,100 land titles to new landowners were delivered in 2014.

In 2013, a total of G$3.2 billion was spent to conduct eight One-Stop-Shop outreaches, which contributed to 4,417 lots being allocated and 5,326 titles being processed.

In that year as well, several new housing schemes were developed or consolidated with existing ones, benefitting over 30,000 persons.

Through the public-private turnkey housing initiative, more than 90 single-flat concrete houses were constructed besides the 55 homes completed under the Young Professionals Housing Programme, which surpassed the 48 homes targeted. In 2013 under the Core House Pilot, 127 core houses were completed, enabling an additional 580 persons to benefit from improved housing. An additional 153 subsidies were disbursed under the coastal home improvement program, valued at G$30.6 million, resulting in improved living conditions for 627 persons. Also, another 130 hinterland home improvement subsidies, valued at G$107.2 million, were granted, increasing access to affordable shelter by the most vulnerable communities.

Undoubtedly, Guyana’s construction and housing sector remains vibrant. It is certainly expected to grow by leaps and bounds in 2016.

The current and past governments have both agreed that as the economy continues to grow, more assistance from the government would become available for Guyanese to continue the construction of their homes too.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 7

E T ET

N N A A

I

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E A N A M Y N- % GU

O 0 0 O 0 1 RJ IS

n a man’s world, she has shown what it takes to get things done. Even if it meant working in the mud, she has done all of that. Her work in so many areas, like marine life conservation, has made her a go-to person when it comes to protecting Guyana’s wildlife.

Over the past few years, the name Annette ArjoonMartins has been featured regularly in the media.

From her advocacy to sea turtle conservation, or from tourism awareness to work in the aviation and business sectors, Annette has been busy.

Her leadership skills and ability to get things moving saw the government placing her in charge of the billion-dollar mangrove project initiated to protect the country’s shores from the rising sea level.

As the Customer Services and Marketing Manager at her family-owned Air Services Limited (ASL), Annette continues to be feverishly involved in her environmental work. She successfully lobbied for her beloved Shell Beach to be declared a protected area by the government.

Annette came from a very prominent family: the Mazaharallys, who were known back in the 1980’s for their sawmills in Essequibo. Today, the family has grown to become a powerhouse in another area – the aviation sector.

S N I RT SE

Half Amerindian, half Indian, she was raised in Pomeroon, Essequibo, learning to swim across the river at an early age. “I think that contributed to my passion for all things outdoor. My affiliation with nature [and] being exposed to that kind of environment made me who I am,” Annette opined.

She was no ordinary girl. As a young teen, she stayed in her family’s logging camps in the backdam, which is not an entirely easy life. “Which was why I got into the field of environment,” she said.

Her two children, Alex (22) and Victoria (18), are both attending schools in the US. Both are well known in the sport circuit, winning squash championships at both the local and Caribbean levels.

But Annette is also known in another area. She is married to Dave Martins, frontman of the popular Tradewinds band.

She credits meeting Dave to her best friend, Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett, when she was the Minister of Amerindian Affairs. The former minister accompanied Annette on many hinterland trips to share her experience of working with women’s groups, especially in the North West region.

During her excursions, Annette had gathered hundreds of photographs of Amerindian life.

“I was asked to put together a slide show for a gala dinner that was held for tourism at the Pegasus Hotel with Dave Martins as the guest speaker.

He had been flown in from the Cayman Islands where he lived for the past 25 years.”

According to Annette, the story was simple.

“He saw the photos, got interested in the photographer and a year later we were married in 2009 at the Baganara Island Resort.”

Annette used her photographs for which Dave wrote the descriptions to produce a book. She sold it locally and on trips with her husband when he went on gigs overseas, and used the proceeds to help young Amerindian girls and women. “I would tag along with Dave… and of course the people who paid to come see the Tradewinds would buy the books. What basically brought us together was the love for this beautiful country. When my first husband and I separated, I thought that was it. I didn’t expect to get such

a wonderful person to share my life with.”

HUMBLE BEGINNINGS Her mom was a young Amerindian girl, 16, who met Yacoob Ally, 22 while working at a shop. Yacoob was from a well-known timber family. He was one of the main persons who built the Mazaharally group to a powerhouse.

The young mother was unable to care for baby Annette, so she left her in the care of her grandmother at a place called Siriki, located about 25 miles up the Pomeroon River, in Essequibo.

Annette recalls paddling two miles along the Pomeroon River to the nursery school with her uncle and aunts.

“That was one of the many reasons I learned to swim at an early age. Sometimes, when I wanted to visit my friends, I would swim across the river. I was comfortable with water at an early age. Later, during my sea turtle conservation days, I went on long trips in the rough Atlantic Ocean, and even in the darkest nights that involved water, I was never afraid.”

She explained that her mother and father were never married since they came from different backgrounds.

“Eventually my mom realized that she would not be able to give me much as she was just an ordinary Amerindian girl. She gave full custody [of me] to my dad so that I could be given a chance in life and that’s how I got educated. I was raised by my aunts in Georgetown,” Annette recalled.

In the city, the young Annette attended Dolphin’s. When time came for her secondary education, she was sent to a boarding school in Barbados. “That school made me want to excel and do my best. It was the best years of my life. It was a school founded in 1918 as an English boarding school. I was always competitive and still hold the 800-meter race record which I attribute to my Amerindian heritage. That kept me running when others were collapsing behind me,” said Annette.

Coming back to Guyana, Annette started her working career at the family’s timber concession at Supenaam, Region Two. She was rotated to the other mills: “I spent a year at every mill before I realized that I wasn’t keen in the business and I was more interested in the aviation part of the business.”

She went to Trinidad and earned her pilot’s licence at Briko Flight School. She was not alone in the family. Several other cousins, her sister and her brother had pursued their licences too.

According to Annette, “In the family, getting a pilot’s licence was not an uncommon thing. It was more like something that everyone needed to do. My dad didn’t restrict what we could or could not do because we were girls… We were given equal opportunities.”

As a matter of fact, a proud Annette said, her sister, Feriel Ally, has been recently recognized for her contributions to the aviation industry.

Photo from top to bottom - Annette performing her Management duties at Air Services Limited; Annette with her children Alex and Vicky

When Annette got married and had her first child, her then husband was not too enthusiastic about his wife flying so her “wings were clipped”.

SHELL BEACH She formed a tour company called Shell Beach Adventures, operating out of an office at the Pegasus Hotel.

Her knowledge of the hinterlands saw her doing logistics for the US Southern Command when they came to Guyana to conduct jungle training.

Annette also received work from a number of well-known overseas television production companies.

“During elections time, I would also do charters for the Commonwealth Secretariat, which much later afforded me the opportunity to meet the Queen through the Commonwealth Foundation,” she stated. “As I was standing there in the palace shaking the Queen’s hand, the palace photographer took a photo as it was a Golden Jublilee.”

She came back to Guyana, made several copies, inscribed with the words “the Buck in Buckingham Palace” and presented them to several persons. She did this because people often referred to her as Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 9

things, wading in the mud and dealing with the media and the technical folks.

“I am not only concerned about the turtles that come up to nest on Shell Beach, I am also very much involved and concerned about the other marine life found in our vast ocean. For example, the whales that were washed up, the reasons for their deaths, how they are being affected,” she stated.

Annette believes that since the oil industry is new for Guyana, there is an opportunity to ensure we get it right from the start. “For example, the Guyana Geology and Mines Commission should not permit seismic surveys during marine mammals nesting season. Environmental safeguards must be in place for compliance by our emerging oil industry and there must be robust regulatory oversight.”

Her decade long passion with Shell Beach did not interfere with other areas of her life.

Annette with her friends Maz and Ferial

a buck. It was a triumph for her to be in the to follow protocols so as to protect and palace because the name ‘Buck’ referred preserve nature. I would love one day to to Amerindian people in a deragotary put on my TV and see the local Learning manner. But she said, as she grew older, she Channel showing Guyana and its natural WOMEN EMPOWERMENT accepted her heritage, and became proud beauty, native animals and places, instead of zebras and elephants from the other side One of her most successful projects was the of it. It didn’t bother her anymore. outlet for products of Amerindian women Annette’s love for the environment of the world.”

Annette is equally passionate about called the North West Organics. Some received a nudge in a different direction when she met Dr. Peter Pritchard, who other marine life, like the whales. When, for of these products were coco sticks and would visit Shell Beach often to monitor the some inexplicable reason, a couple of them cassava bread.

Annette explained, “I was able to get it sea turtle nesting in the area. She explained, washed up ashore, she was in the thick of into the leading supermarkets all “I wondered what this man was over and this made my women doing down there so often empowerment project a huge and it was then I took it upon success. When the Guyana myself to visit Shell Beach with Mangrove Restoration Project him and saw my first green sea (GMRP) was conceptualized and turtle; it was love at first sight.” started, I was honored to be asked She made several trips. by the government to chair the “Slowly, Dr. Pritchard was able Mangrove Action Committee.” to increase the population She also worked with another by helping to stop the killing group of about 20 women, in what and selling of the turtle she refers to as a “Bee Defense” meat.” Joining Dr. Pritchard’s project where they were taught advocacy, the sea turtle beekeeping skills and provided population has increased with equipment to set up their If I had the chance to dramatically. hives.

However, she complained: do it all again, I would “Despite the usual start up “We still have large amounts challenges, it was a success. The have shared my time of mortality due to drowning in honey was sometimes sold before differently and prioritize fishing nets and the ingestion it even hit the market and one of my kids needs over that of floating plastics, which sea the producers now has her own of my profession. ” turtles mistake for jelly fish. I Victoria Honey Hut and her own am all for development of my brand. In return, this helps mothers to keep a better home and give an country, but it has to be done in education to their kids.” a sustainable manner.”

Annette regrets, of course, not Annette is a member spending enough time with her of several environmental children: “My family life suffered committees and firmly believes a lot because of my field of work. that environmental education As an environmentalist, I had to at an early age is crucial for the be hands on. I couldn’t sit in an success of conservation efforts. office and manage remotely. I She is highly spirited while Annette with her husband Dave Martins of Dave Martins and the had to be there to encourage the talking about it. “We need Tradewinds other women and to make sure

“

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everything was in order, so it took me out of my home a lot.”

She admitted that her kids were neglected because of the work: “If I had the chance to do it all again, I would have shared my time differently and prioritize my kids’ needs over that of my profession.

But thank God they had a wonderful father who did double duty and we never got any trouble with our kids. They are two beautiful kids with lots of talents.”

Annette has advice for young professional women: “Strike a balance between work and family.”

At ASL, Annette’s work was a busy one too. ASL is said to be the busiest company at the Ogle Airport where the company is based.

“My biggest role was to help my brother establish our own fuel farm and ensure that we controlled our own supply and cost of fuel which is the most expensive part of our operations,” she stated.

She also oversaw the introduction of the fuel-efficient turbine engines Cessna Grand Caravans to the fleet of ASL’s aircrafts.

She was responsible for the expansion of ASL’s shuttle operations at Mahdia, a key mining community in Region Eight where the company moves over three hundred thousand pounds of cargo and passengers each month.

When the government announced that it was allowing the licensing of helicopter operations in Guyana, Annette was again called by her family to ensure the process went smoothly.

ASL bought three helicopters over the past years. “Because of those helicopters, we were able to help the gold miners, especially to places where they didn’t have airstrips.”

Annette is perhaps prouder of the company’s work in using those helicopters to help National Geographic, Discovery Channel and Omni Production to do work in the interior.

“We were also able to do some incredible television work after that and were able to get millions of viewership,” she proudly stated.

being a nag; but if that is what it takes to get heard, I am fine with being a nag.”

Annette is very much independent. “I like to express my opinions and views and I’m always trying to be careful not to do so in an offensive manner. I believe that women are not afforded adequate respect, especially in male-dominated boards. We need to have more women represented in such boards.”

At ASL, Annette’s push for equal opportunities for women saw her introducing a deliberate policy to hire more women.”

The all-rounder knows that the only way to success is through hard work.

Her advice is: “As a woman, I want to let every other woman out there know that there is no shortcut to true success. If you want to achieve that, you have to work hard. Whether it is studying, learning a trade or whatever way you choose to educate yourself, it’s very important to invest in yourself. There is no instant gratification… you have to work long and hard to see achievements.”

The life of Annette Arjoon-Martins is simply one that speaks of living in the different worlds of Guyana. She has learnt the Amerindian ways, has flown to all parts of Guyana, has rubbed shoulders with world renowned environmentalists, and has sat in boardrooms making decisions that chart the course of the country.

Best of all she has had fun while doing it, living the Guyanese dream.

PROTECTION The videos have helped to market Guyana’s ruggedly beautiful sights. She is also passionate about protection of especially the jaguars and pumas.

“The good thing is that the [former] Ministry of Natural Resources has established a National Wildlife Management Steering Committee of which I am a member. We address the disturbing and mindless slaughtering of our national animals – the jaguar and even pumas. We need mechanisms to support ongoing awareness and outreach work ... on the challenges of human and jaguar conflicts.

[We also need] sustained research to establish closed seasons on other endangered species,” she stated.

She is also proud of the Mangrove Restoration Project which is a tremendous success. “There is an amazing awareness of the importance of mangroves. People are becoming aware that the wildlife legislation exists, so there is progress; slow, but sure. I am very proud to know that I can use my experience and my expertise is valued to be of national use.”

Annette is also a member of the Private Sector Commission. She is not quiet in her advocacy. “When I don’t agree with something said, I articulate my position very clearly. I have been accused of

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Examining the performance of Guyana’s Microfinance sector

Guyana’s microfinance sector, although small, has played a significant role in improving the living standards of those who have access to its services.

O

ver the years, the microfinance sector has also shown that it can provide investment opportunities for the working poor who have been incapable of accessing the formal financial market.

Micro-financing refers to the activity of providing a broad range of financial services to low-income clients who lack access to the formal financial institutions.

These financial services include very small loans (microcredit), savings, insurance and payment services. Access to credit is seen as an important step in improving a households’ welfare, hence helping in breaking the cycle of poverty on their own terms.

Based on its performance, which is monitored by the Bank of Guyana, the sector continues to prove that it has great potential to reduce poverty in Guyana.

As of June 2014, there are two entities in the microfinance sector: the Institute of Private Enterprise Development (IPED) and Small Business Development Finance Trust (SBDFT).

IPED happens to be oldest and the largest microfinancing institution in Guyana. It is registered as a non-profit, limited liability company and is exempt from corporation tax. All donations to this company are exempt from income tax.

According to the Governor of the Bank of Guyana, Dr. Gobind Ganga, IPED is the only microfinance institution in Guyana which covers all of the administrative regions of this country.

Dr. Ganga said that SBDFT was launched in November 2002, with locally generated funds of about G$12 million, which were then supplemented by support from the governments of Guyana, Canada, United Kingdom, and a loan from one of the commercial banks. He said that SBDFT is a tax-exempt, non-profit institution. SBDFT provides four types of loans: micro, developmental, consumer, and housing loans. Micro and consumer loans are payable in six months and developmental and housing loans, within two years.

The Central Bank Governor said that the security required for the micro and consumer loans are mostly moveable tangible assets. In the case of the developmental and housing loans, the securities that are required are transports and land titles.

According to the Central Bank, the total assets held by the two microfinance institutes – IPED and SBDFT – amounted to G$3,926 million as at the end of June 2014, a 9.3% (G$401 million) decline from the end of June 2013 level, and 2.7% (G$108 million) below the end of June 2012 level of G$4,034 million. However, it is projected to improve significantly.

Loans, which represented the largest asset category, accounted for 77.3% of the sector’s total assets at the

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end of June 2014. The companies reported aggregate loans of G$3,036 million, a 13.2% (G$354 million) increase when compared with the corresponding period in the previous year.

The Bank of Guyana said that the portfolios of the institutions consisted mainly of microcredit and loans to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which together accounted for 99.6% of total loans. It said too that loans to the SMEs totaled G$2,644 million, and accounted for 87.1% of the sector’s aggregate loan portfolio, resulting in a 15.1% (G$347 million) increase for the same period 2013 and 2.1% (G$53 million) below the June 2012 level.

Loans to the SMEs were 85.7% and 85.8% of total loans as at end of June 2013 and 2012 respectively.

Microcredit, the second largest loan category, amounted to G$375 million and represented 12.4% of total loans for the review period. Microcredit loans of the end of June 2014 reflected a 0.6% (G$2 million) decline from the June 2013 level. During the review period, the total number of loans granted stood at 3,475 compared with 764 for the corresponding period in 2013. The increase in the number of loans disbursed contributed to an increase in the number of jobs created. The share of loans to men, women and couples were 60.4%, 38.7% and 0.9% respectively.

Total liabilities of the microfinance sector as of end of June 2014 amounted to G$940 million. Borrowings from local financial institutions of G$696 million as of end of June 2014 accounted for 74.1% of total liabilities.

Borrowings from local financial institutions to total liabilities were 69.0% and 71.7% as of the end of June 2013 and the end of June 2012 respectively.

Additionally, capital and reserves amounted to G$2,986 million at the end of June 2014. Retained earnings and undistributed profits grew by 14.3% and 17.3% respectively when compared with the corresponding period in 2013.

The micro finance sector’s major source of funding was that of interest income, which amounted to G$300 million and accounted for 81.9% of total operating income as of the end of June 2014. Further, interest income increased by 38.7% when compared with the corresponding period for 2013. Other income of G$66 million represented 18.1% of operating income as of end of June 2014. Interest expense and other expenses which amounted to G$17 million and G$214 million respectively, represented 7.3% and 92.7% of total operating expenses. The net income of the sector amounted to G$135 million as at the end of June 2014, an increase of 17.2% when compared with the end of June 2013.

(Data provided by Bank of Guyana)

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Arya’s Fresh Cut Vegetables

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he brainchild was that of Diana Persaud, who needed a job to occupy her time, but could not find one that fits into her schedule as a wife and mother of two.

Like most housewives, part of her duties entailed her having to prepare lunch for her husband to take to work. In order to make the cooking process shorter in the mornings, she had to begin preparing meals the night before.

“My husband had to leave for work at 6:15 am just to beat the traffic so that he can be on time. This forced me to pre-prepare or cut all fresh vegetables in the evening or sometimes days before, and leave it in the refrigerator so that the cooking time becomes shorter in the mornings,” she told this magazine.

Persaud added that she realized that freshly cut vegetables, “once properly cut, washed and refrigerated, remained in their original state without spoiling [for] days after cutting.”

She eventually started to monitor daily the shelf life of the individual vegetables and herbs to see how long they took to change their original state while refrigerated. “To my surprise, the items lasted for approximately five days”, she added.

As such, after her routine cutting of the vegetables and being unable to secure a suitable job, her husband joked that, “Since you’re good at cutting vegetables to make your life easy, why don’t you just make more people’s lives easy by cutting vegetables for them?”

This was taken a bit more seriously than expected.

“It took about nine months of ground work and local research before the first package of Arya Fresh Cut – Farm Fresh, Healthy Living produce was produced,” Persaud stated.

Persaud said that her husband Aditya, who is a qualified and experienced agronomist, used his

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technical skills and experience to guide her along the entire process of setting up the new business.

He told this magazine, “We’ve seen how fresh veggies are being handled, and as a professional who is trained in agriculture and food safety, it was our idea to package fresh wholesome safe vegetables for consumers.”

The name Arya, which means ‘Noble’, was chosen to brand the idea.

Asked about feedback on her new product line which has been on shelves for over a month, Persaud pointed out that, “the idea was well received and supported by many, including leading supermarket owners who have all agreed to stock the produce in their supermarkets.”

Additionally, consumers have also embraced the idea, which is seen in daily purchases at supermarkets.

The new product line includes: a mixture of cut vegetables for the preparation of chowmein and fried rice, peeled cassava, ochro, chopped cabbage, tomatoes, oregano and thyme, peeled and chopped pumpkin, curry leaves and mint leaves, among many others.

Soon to be added to the Arya’s Fresh Cut line are kale, cilantro and vegetable salad mix.

The packaged vegetables last a maximum of six to seven days and are taken off the shelves and replenished with fresh vegetables for sale after their shelf life have expired.

She also noted that the product is geared towards allowing parents to spend time with their family members/children by making their time in the kitchen shorter.

Arya’s Fresh Cuts uses only locally grown vegetables which proprietors also believe provides an avenue for job creation along the production chain.

Guyana’s manufacturing and services industry implements initiatives to maximize GDP contributions GSMA EXPORTS OVERVIEW

Since its inception in the 1960s, Guyana’s manufacturing and services industry has made admirable contributions towards the overall growth of the Guyanese economy.

But of course, a significant part of its untapped potential can see it making even greater contributions to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

The Guyana Manufacturing and Services Association Ltd. (GMSA), that emerged some 50 years ago, is now a highly recognized institute ranked as one of the leading business support organizations and it is hoping to improve the role played by the industry.

Its mandate is essentially to strengthen the relationship between the sector and the relevant governmental agencies, and to act as a vehicle in hastening the economic advancement of Guyana.

Sectors which fall under the purview of the GMSA include agro-processing, forestry and wood products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, construction and engineering, minerals and services.

According to its Chairman, Clinton Williams (who has since been replaced by Norman McLean), the Guyanese economy has been consistently recording a 5% average growth over the last five years with various sectors playing major roles. These include mining (particularly gold and diamonds); wholesale and retail trades; rice and seafood; building and construction; and information and communication technology.

While manufacturing has accounted for 4% of the GDP, Williams said a number of challenges are still facing the Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 16

sector. Some of these are high energy and transportation costs as well as insufficient financing.

He said that the sector is still in the process of devising mechanisms to effectively break away from primary processing of agricultural, mineral and forest products.

Meanwhile, the GMSA is pursuing initiatives in order to realize several objectives hinged on making larger contributions to the GDP. The first is the pursuit of the more lucrative trade in services in offshore markets, especially those with which Guyana has signed partial or full scope agreements.

Williams emphasized that Guyana has some very distinct advantages that make its products unique, as he made particular reference to eco-tourism, non-fossil fuel energy sources, professional services, health and wellness, among others.

The manufacturing industry is also hoping to develop product diversification within existing industries by advocating for attractive incentives for fledging industries in forest and wood products and agro-processing both of which have great export potential.

In the same vein, the GMSA Chairman said that efforts are being made to provide existing manufacturing enterprises with special fiscal incentives. As it gears to stimulate increased growth, there have been several notable contributions and successes of the sector.

The pursuance of opportunities for Trade and Investments primarily with the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), Williams asserted, via business lunches, networking and other linkages, proved to be very beneficial.

Another big step for the GMSA was its participation in trade and investment forums both locally and externally, including the

Trinidad and Tobago Trade and Investment Expo.

The GMSA Chairman also stated that another great start for the industry was following up on a 2011 Economic Integration project initiated by the Brazilian BSO SEBRAE and the Manufacturing Association.

This saw the Caribbean Export Development Agency conducting a study last year to assess viable trade and investment opportunities in Guyana, Suriname and Brazil.

He explained that the aim is to design an actionable strategic plan to enhance export trade among the territories. It is expected to be a road map for achieving export growth, identifying key sector(s), sub sector(s), products and services that are export-ready. It wants to establish key institutional relationships between trade support institutions that require strengthening, and earmark external financial and technical support programs that could be accessed.

Williams said that a project has been identified to generate US$135 million in export sales by 2018 and his organization is most proud of this initiative. Some US$8.5 million will originate from Guyana and US$5.1 million from Suriname.

Another new scheme which is also in the pipeline to boost the industry seeks collaborative efforts

between the GMSA and the Energy and Research Institute of India under the patronage of the Office of Climate Change. There will be approximately 10 firms selected to benefit from an Energy Efficiency Project via technical assistance from India.

Once its efforts to maximize the industry’s potential go according to plan, its projections for the near future are guaranteed to be realized.

It expects to be able to manufacture and market high quality, value added products and services, achieve substantial enhancement of productivity and production capabilities and scope, open up new markets and expand the current market share.

The GMSA executive member also believes that the projects will not only see the introduction of new processes for Guyana’s manufacturers but also the transformation of the Manufacturing Sector as it aims to raise its contribution to GDP to a level even greater than the 16%, which was the norm four decades ago.

Williams categorically stated that Guyana’s manufacturing and services sector is filled with astounding potential for the diversification of the country’s economy, and added that the proposals created bring the industry closer towards achieving such heights.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 17

Guyana’s Competition Commission strives to stamp out anti-competitive behavior in the world of business

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timulating economic productivity and protecting consumer welfare can be done by ensuring fair competition exists in the market place.

But where do businesses turn to for meaningful assistance when this environment is not maintained due to the anti-competitive behavior of its dominant counterpart?

Entrepreneurs are urged not to despair, but rather, take their plights to the guardian angels of nondiscriminatory trading: the Competition and Consumer Affairs Commission (CCAC). It has its office in the National Exhibition Site, in Sophia, Georgetown.

In April 2006, Guyana’s Parliament passed a Competition and Fair Trading Act, which covers offences such as price fixing, conspiracy, bid rigging, misleading advertisements, anti-competitiveness, abuse of dominant positions, and resale price maintenance.

This Act governs the work of the commission. The offences listed in the legislation are normally handled

by CCAC and the Consumer Affairs Department (CAD) in the Ministry of Business.

The latter is considered the first option to address consumer complaints through discussions. But once this does not work, the commission, which became operational in September 2011, steps in to provide further advice and assistance with the legal side of the matter.

The Commissioners of the competition commission represent four broad stakeholder groups: the private sector, the public sector, the legal profession and the consumer representative bodies. The Chairman of the commission is Mr. Ramesh Dookoo from the private sector.

The commission also advises the appropriate Minister on matters relating to the operation of the Act where it deems necessary or when requested by the Minister.

The CCAC also has a responsibility to keep in constant contact with competition authorities of other member states to ensure the application of the local law where it deems fit. This alliance is effective as it serves to identify and thwart anticompetitive conduct and exchange information relating to such.

The competition body is also empowered to approach the High Court to impeach persons or companies it finds to be in breach of the Act. The punishment, according to the law, can see defaulters being fined from $20,000 to $1,000,000, with an added imprisonment sentence of up to one year.

There have been a number of successfully challenged cases by the commission in the court.

According to the chairman, the competition commission is not in the habit of waiting for complaints from aggrieved businesses. From time to time, it would carry out its own checks for companies breaking the law.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 18

Price fixing, where companies come to an illegal agreement to not sell goods or services below a certain price, is just one of the matters it has taken the initiative to address.

The Commission has also noted that several businesses are in the habit of conspiring to reduce the supply of items to create a shortage, thereby allowing for the increase in prices.

The Act is clear about this practice being prohibited as it says that, “No enterprise shall conspire, combine, agree or arrange with another person to: (a) limit unduly the facilities for transporting, producing, manufacturing, storing or dealing in any goods or supplying any service; (b) prevent, limit or lessen unduly, the manufacture or production of any goods or the provision of services or to enhance unreasonably the price thereof; (c) lessen unduly, competition in the production, manufacture, purchase, barter, sale, supply, rental or transportation of any goods or services or in the price of insurance on persons or property; or (d) otherwise unduly restrain or injure competition.”

As for bid-rigging, the Act also says that, “it is unlawful for two or more enterprises to enter into an agreement whereby one or more of them agree to undertake not to submit a bid in response to a call or request for bids or tenders; or as bidders or tenders they submit, in response to a call or request, bids or tenders that are arrived at by agreement between or among themselves.”

There have also been several complaints about misleading advertisements by some companies who are obviously desperate to do anything it takes to grab a consumer’s attention.

Section 42. (1) of the Act says that, “An enterprise shall not, in pursuance of trade and for the purpose of promoting, directly or indirectly, make a representation to the public, by any means that is false or misleading or likely to be misleading in a material respect in the form of a statement, warranty or guarantee of performance, efficacy or length of life of goods or services that is not based on an adequate and proper test thereof, the proof of which lies on the person making the representation.”

Companies and consumers are advised that complaints to the commission must be received in writing and addressed to the Chairman of the Commission, Ramesh Dookoo, at its Sophia Office.

Dookoo emphasized that it is always open and ready to receive matters on inequitable trading practices and promises to make a significant effort to investigate matters, as provided under the Competition and Fair Trading Act (2006).

An introduction to the distinguished members of

The Guyana Cabinet

HIS EXCELLENCY, THE PRESIDENT OF THE COOPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA, DAVID ARTHUR GRANGER, MSM, MSS President David A. Granger was born into a large family, with strong roots in the public service. His life spans throughout the three counties: Essequibo, Berbice and Demerara.

He was educated at Queen’s College and graduated from the University of Guyana, where he received his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees. He also attended the University of the West Indies, the University of Maryland and the National Defense University in the USA. His memorable years of military service are based on his belief in Guyana’s independence and territorial integrity.

Granger received his military training at the Mons Officer Cadet School and the School of Infantry in the United Kingdom, the Jungle Warfare Instruction Center in Brazil, and the Army Command and Staff College in Nigeria. After serving as Commander of the Guyana Defense Force and National Security Adviser to the President, he retired with the rank of Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 20

Brigadier.

He made a significant contribution to national defense and public security as a member of several defense and security agencies. These include holding the Chairmanship of the Central Intelligence Committee, Co-chairmanship of the Border and National Security Committee, and Membership of the Guyana Defense Board, National Drug Law Enforcement Committee and the Disciplined Forces Commission.

He served in several public organizations and was elected to the Presidencies of the History Society, Guyana Heritage Society, University of Guyana Guild of Graduates and the Guyana Chess Federation. He is also a former member of the University of Guyana Council and the Guyana Press Association.

Presently, he is chairman of the Guyana Book Foundation, and a member of the Guyana Legion and the Board of Trustees of the Guyana Veterans Foundation.

Brigadier Granger has written extensively on national defense and public security issues. He received various academic awards which include the President’s Medal. His military awards include the Military Service Star for distinguished service.

Granger is married to Sandra ChanA-Sue Granger and together they have two daughters, Han and Afuwa.

Born July 15, 1945, he remains a stoic Guyanese politician. He was Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Guyana from 2012 to 2015. He stood as the Opposition Presidential Candidate in the November 2011 General Election, but was defeated. He was elected as President in the May 11, 2015 General election, and stands on the precipice of doing what no other leader did: create a truly unified Guyana, where lines and boundaries of ethnicity are totally subsumed and consumed in a nationalistic manner.

PRIME MINISTER AND FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT, THE HON. MOSES VEERASAMMY NAGAMOOTOO Mr. Moses V. Nagamootoo was born on November 30, 1947 in Whim Village, Corentyne, Berbice to Gangama and Nagamootoo Ramaswamy.

He is married to Sita Nagamootoo for 45 years and they have four children: Angela Vashmini, Sita Maria, Adela Gangama and Moses Ernesto.

Nagamootoo was educated at Auchlyne Scots School, Rose Hall and Comprehensive High School and the University of Guyana. He later pursued law at the Hugh Wooding Law School.

He also pursued courses at the Accabre College of Social Sciences and the Venezuelan Spanish Language Institute and is a Fellowship of Allen White School of Journalism, University of Kansas.

Though he has an undying love for law, his passion for helping the oppressed led him to the life of politics. Mr. Nagamootoo, in 1961, entered politics at age 14, during the struggle for Guyana’s independence.

In October 1964, he became a Member of the Progressive Youth Organization (PYO) and People’s Progressive Party (PPP). In 1966, he founded the National Union of Students.

From 1976 to 2011, he was a Member of the PPP Central Committee, and from 1978-2005, he was a Member of PPP Executive Committee. In 2011, Mr. Nagamootoo became the Vice-Chairman of the Alliance For Change (AFC).

From 1992 to 2011, he served as a Member of Parliament. Mr. Nagamootoo was a Member of Cabinet under four Presidents (Cheddi and Janet Jagan, Samuel Hinds and Bharrat Jagdeo) during the period 1992 to 2001. His other portfolios include Senior Minister of Information, and Senior Minister of Local Government & Regional

A Cabinet refers to a body of distinguished state officials, normally consisting of the top leaders of the executive branch.

In Guyana’s case, these are Senior Ministers and Vice-Presidents. The chairing of the Cabinet is shared between President David Granger and Prime Minister Moses Nagamootoo.Cabinet is entrusted with the responsibility of discussing the business of the state and making important decisions as it relates to policy making and approval of funds for various projects. Here is a brief profile on the various members of Guyana’s Cabinet.

Development, with responsibility for Information & Amerindian Affairs. He has served on several select committees on constitutional reform.

The Prime Minister is also a recipient of the PPP’s Certificate for Meritorious Service (1990) and the Guyana IOJ Scroll of Honor as Outstanding Journalist (1996).

10th Parliament. He served as APNU’s Shadow Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure.

Harmon was a member of the Young Socialist Movement (YSM), the youth arm of the People’s National Congress (PNC), Chairman of the Pouderoyen YSM group, and a member of the Regional Executive of the movement.

Mr. Harmon is married and has six children.

MINISTER OF STATE, THE HON. JOSEPH HARMON Mr. Joseph is a Lieutenant Colonel (Rt’d) and was born and raised in the West Demerara village of Pouderoyen.

As a humble, industrious individual, Harmon completed his schooling in West Demerara, before qualifying to do his ‘A’ Levels at Queen’s College. Because of his circumstances at the time, he was unable to take up the opportunity and instead was forced to find employment.

He worked for about a year in the Geddes Grant motor sales department, before enlisting for the Guyana Defense Force’s Officer Cadet Course. His outstanding performance promoted him to the rank of Second Lieutenant following his graduation, then to Lieutenant Colonel at the time of his retirement.

He completed his law degree at Cave Hill in Barbados before attending the Hugh Wooding Law School in Trinidad.

On completion of his law studies, he served for some time in the army’s legal services department, where he was the Commanding Officer.

After 23 years in the Guyana Defense Force and another 15 years as a lawyer in private practice, Harmon is an “active politician” and was a new face in the

advocacy in many high profile human rights cases has given him prominence and stature in Guyana’s legal fraternity.

He successfully participated in the British Council’s Young Lawyers Commonwealth Scholarship Programme in 1992 at the University of London. He is a former Editor of the Guyana Bar Review.

He is married to Sita Ramjattan with whom he has two children.

MINISTER OF FINANCE, THE HON. WINSTON JORDAN SECOND VICE PRESIDENT AND MINISTER OF PUBLIC SECURITY, THE HON. KHEMRAJ RAMJATTAN Attorney-at-Law and co-founder of the Alliance For Change, Mr. Khemraj Ramjattan, is known to be a power house in any field he is in.

He became a member of the National Assembly in 1992, but his introduction to politics was through the People’s Progressive Party. He ascended through the ranks, from being leader of its youth arm (PYO,) to the position of member of that party’s central committee.

However, his futuristic way of thinking, probing mind and true commitment to democracy at all levels, including at the level of internal party arrangements, brought him into conflict with the other heads of the PPP/C. It was his vision for a new and progressive political dispensation in Guyana that led him to form the Alliance for Change in 2005, the party he founded with Raphael Trotman and Sheila Holder.

He has fearlessly and objectively represented his views on numerous issues, some highly politically sensitive, all in his quest for a better Guyana. His

Known for his meticulous nature, Mr. Winston DaCosta Jordan is a former Head of the Budget Office of the Ministry of Finance. His stellar academic pedigree allows for confidence building, where Guyana’s economy is concerned. He is a graduate of the University of Warwick (UK) with a Master’s degree in Economics, the University of Guyana with a Bachelor’s degree in Economics, and Penn State University (USA) with a Certificate in Budgeting & Structural Adjustment. He also received a Certificate in Public Sector Budgeting from the Harvard University (USA).

Mr. Jordan has accumulated valuable experience in his field. He served in numerous positions, some of which include a Country Analyst in the Economic Intelligence Unit, a Technical Coordinator at the Public Management Modernization Program (IDB), and a Budget/Economic Adviser at the Ministry of Finance. The minister utilized his education and expertise in teaching at the University of Guyana. He served also as Director of GAIBANK (1987 to 1992); Bauxite Development Company Limited (BIDCO, 1987 to 2003); Guyana Cooperative Financial Service (GCFS, Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 21

An introduction to the distinguished members of

The Guyana Cabinet 1997 to 2005); Alternate Director, Caribbean Development Bank (1986 to 1992); Temporary Governor and Alternate Governor to the IDB, CDB and the IMF/ World Bank Group.

This kind of distinguished background was recognized and well rewarded. Mr. Jordan deservedly copped a number of honors and awards namely: the University of Guyana Vice Chancellor’s Special Award; Commonwealth Scholarship; UNDP Fellowship; and Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship.

He is married to Charmaine AtkinsonJordan and together they have three children: Jo-Anne Milner, Darren Jordan and Yanic Jordan.

even during the 1980 assassination of his political comrade and colleague, Dr. Walter Rodney.

He has been in the front line of the national political movement since 1977 as one of the elite leaders of the WPA. He served as a Member of the Faculty of the University of Guyana from 1976 to 1990 and as a Member of Parliament for a number of years.

He was educated at Queen’s College (Guyana), Cambridge University (UK), and Cornell University (USA), and holds a Doctorate in Comparative Literature.

Dr. Roopnaraine was part of APNU’s Shadow Cabinet in the 10th Parliament, holding the portfolio of Agriculture and Environment.

a vibrant representative of Amerindian communities throughout Guyana.

MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, THE HON. CARL GREENIDGE

MINISTER OF EDUCATION, THE HON. DR. RUPERT ROOPNARAINE

MINISTER OF HEALTH, THE HON. DR. GEORGE NORTON

Dr. Rupert Roopnaraine comes to the coalition government from the Working Peoples’ Alliance (WPA), a party that had aligned itself with the A Partnership for National Unity (APNU), ahead of the 2011 General and Regional Election.

The Honorable Dr. Roopnaraine has been appointed Minister of Education and replaces predecessor Priya Manickchand.

Dr. Roopnaraine was born on January 31, 1943 in Kitty, Georgetown and is the father of Dr. Terry Roopnaraine and Alicia Roopnaraine. He is a world respected professor and instructor of Liberal Arts, who has lectured at some of the most prestigious universities and learning institutions around the world.

Dr. Roopnaraine is in no way a stranger to Guyana’s politics and the struggles of the working class people of Guyana. He has been a leading figure in the WPA,

Head of State, David A. Granger, administered the Oath of Office and swore in as substantive Health Minister, Dr. George Norton, who has served the Shadow Cabinet of the Opposition as Shadow Health Minister for a number of years.

Dr. Norton is an Ophthalmologist by profession. He was educated in Cuba, where he graduated with a Degree in Medicine from the Superior Institute of Medical Science in 1984 and specialized in Ophthalmology in 1988. Dr. Norton is a Consulting Ophthalmologist and Head of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Guyana.

He is also one of the Vice Chairpersons of PNC/R. He is also the Party’s Director of Hinterland Affairs.

Dr. Norton entered Parliament in 2001 and has also been recognized as

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 22

Under the new APNU+AFC administration, Carl Barrington Greenidge has been appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Greenidge was born in New Amsterdam, Berbice and attended New Amsterdam Congregational School, first spending a few months at the Malteenoes Branch of Tutorial.

He then attended Berbice High School, until he left for the United Kingdom (UK) to further his education. Greenidge is a former Minister of Finance, Planning and Trade under the then PNC administration, and has extensive experience at the policy, management and technical levels. He has worked on public sector economics and agricultural policies as well as international trade and finance.

Greenidge has also provided distinguished service to his country, the Caribbean and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States.

That service has been in the design and management of Guyana’s Economic Recovery Program (1988 to 1992) and the negotiation of the unique northsouth cooperation compact, the Lomé Convention, inter alia.

The latter pact aimed to alleviate the burden of poverty in the ACP regions, which include the most trade-dependent countries in the world, and countries in which agriculture is dominant.

He has also successfully headed two joint ACP-EU funded institutions devoted

An introduction to the distinguished members of

The Guyana Cabinet to development and cooperation, and has, in the process, sat on both ‘sides’ of the Donor-Recipient interface.

Greenidge has published four monographs, numerous academic articles on economics, and contributed to books on a variety of issues, including the political economy of agricultural modernization, international agricultural trade negotiations and marine fisheries.

He has been Co-President of the Joint Council of Ministers of the European Union and the ACP States.

Greenidge is a member of the PNC/R and served in the 10th Parliament as APNU’s Shadow Minister of Finance and International Economic Co-operation.

Ariantze Hotel Sidewalk Café and Jazz Club, which she runs with her husband and family.

Other positions she held include: former president of the Tourism and Hospitality Association of Guyana (THAG), and a member of the Caribbean Broadcasting Union and the Caribbean Media Corporation.

She firmly believes that Guyana needs an “entire public relations” campaign, because the country is still unknown to many parts of the world. More than that, Mrs. Hughes wants the country to provide adequate training for those securing a career in the tourism industry.

Public Accounts Committee during the course of the 9th Parliament.

MINISTER OF COMMUNITIES, THE HON. RONALD BULKAN

MINISTER OF TOURISM, THE HON. CATHERINE HUGHES Catherine Andrea Hughes is a Media Specialist with extensive knowledge of the Caribbean media and advertising environment. She is a graduate of the University of the West Indies, with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) Degree in Mass Communications.

Mrs. Hughes has worked at media bodies in the Caribbean and internationally for more than 20 years, having served as a news reporter for the Caribbean News Agency and with the Jamaica Information Service (JIS) as a television producer. She was part of the BBC’s Radio Merseyside team as a freelance reporter.

Upon her return to Guyana in 1993, she started a company, Videomega Productions. She is also Director of

MINISTER OF SOCIAL PROTECTION, THE HON. VOLDA LAWRENCE Among the Cabinet inductees by His Excellency President Granger, Mrs. Volda Lawrence has been sworn in as Minister of Social Protection with human services and social security being incorporated under this ministry.

Mrs. Lawrence is an Accountant by profession. She has a Degree in Accounting from the University of Guyana and a Master’s degree from Gloucester University, England and is a Certified Chartered Accountant (ACCA Level II).

Lawrence is a member of the PNC/R’s Central Executive Committee and also heads the Human Services and Welfare Department of the Party.

She served in the 10th Parliament of Guyana as APNU’s Shadow Minister of Human Services and Social Protection and as Chairperson the Parliamentary

The Housing and Water Ministry along with the Local Government and Regional Development Ministry have been assimilated into the new Ministry of Communities. President Granger has named Ronald Bulkan as Minister of Communities under the APNU+AFC administration.

Bulkan is the fifth of seven children of Rehannah Bulkan and the late George Bulkan, both of whom were school teachers.

Ronald Bulkan was born in Supenaam on the Essequibo Coast, and is a product of rural Guyana, though not exclusively so. He attended St. Philips Nursery School, Bush Lot Primary School, Yakusari Government School, Massiah Government School, Dolphin Government School and Queen’s College.

He has spent his entire life in Guyana, except for a nine-month period in 1979/80, when he lived in the USA, while attending the University of Houston.

Bulkan is a co-founder (1983) of Precision Woodworking Limited, a pioneering company in value-added processing in the wood sector of Guyana.

Bulkan and Precision were awarded the coveted Ernst and Young Caribbean Entrepreneur of the Year title in 2001, which is, to date, the only Guyanese company to earn this accolade.

He subsequently was inducted to the World Entrepreneur of the Year Academy in Monte Carlo in June 2002. He is married with children.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 23

An introduction to the distinguished members of

The Guyana Cabinet responsibilities for Local Government and Hinterland Development.

MINISTER OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S AFFAIRS, THE HON. SYDNEY ALLICOCK Sydney Allicock is from the North Rupununi, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Region Nine and is widely accepted as a pioneer of communitybased tourism in Guyana. He was Public and Civic Contributions 2010 Laureate.

Allicock is a representative of the Guyana Action Party (GAP) in APNU. He has been a key figure in the development of the village of Surama over the past two decades, the North Rupununi region, and Guyana’s indigenous communities, which account for nearly a tenth of the country’s population.

As a former Toshao of Annai, Allicock pioneered celebrations for Amerindian Heritage Day which were later adopted as a national event by the Guyana government. Amerindian Heritage Day is now celebrated in a different village each year, bringing both investment and national attention to indigenous communities around Guyana.

Allicock is also one of the Iwokrama Centre’s key tutors for its Training Services Center, where he has helped train hundreds of young Guyanese, mostly from indigenous communities, in leadership, survival skills, and ecotourism development. His writings have been published in the distinguished literary journal Kyk-Over-Al. He served in the 10th Parliament of Guyana, with Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 24

MINISTER OF LEGAL AFFAIRS, THE HON. BASIL WILLIAMS MINISTER OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, THE HON. DAVID PATTERSON Mr. David Patterson was born on May 4, 1967 in Georgetown and received his early education at St. Gabriel Primary School and St. Stanislaus College. He studied at the Greenwich University (UK) and graduated with a B.Sc. (Hons) in Quantity Surveying.

He is a Chartered Quantity Surveyor, Real Estate Appraiser and Project Manager. Mr. Patterson has over 25 years’ experience of providing quantity surveying, project management and appraisal services to both public and private sector clients in the United Kingdom, Guyana and the Caribbean.

He is a member of the Royal Institutions of Chartered Surveyors, and the Architecture and Surveying Institute.

He is a member of the AFC and served as a Member of Parliament (2006 to 2011), and as the party’s General Secretary (2012 to 2015).

Other positions held by Mr. Patterson include: past President of the Guyana Amateur Basketball Federation, past President of the Georgetown Dominoes Association, and Past President of the Rotary Club of Demerara. He is a Paul Harris Fellow (Rotary Foundation).

Attorney-at-Law Basil Williams comes to government from the People’s National Congress Reform (PNC/R), one of the larger members of APNU which coalesced with the AFC ahead of the May 11, 2015 General and Regional Elections.

Williams was appointed and sworn in as Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs, following the ousted Anil Nandlall.

He began his public service career as a young lawyer, and as one of the Legal Advisors of the late Founder Leader of the PNC, Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham.

Later, he was to become Legal Assistant to the then President Hugh Desmond Hoyte, from 1985 to 1988. Williams also served as a Vice-Chairman of the PNC/R and a member of the Central Executive Committee (CEC).

Williams is also Chairman of the Legal Affairs Committee of the party and a member of the Joint Task Force on Local Government Reform.

Williams holds an LLB (Hons.) Degree from the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus and a Legal Education Certificate from the Sir Hugh Wooding Law School, Trinidad and Tobago.

He has served in different capacities in the public domain, including representing Guyana at the 6th Meeting of the Conference of the Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (Caricom) in 1985; City Councilor from 1986 to 1988; and Secretary of the Review Committee of the Companies Act, between 1986 and 1988.

Williams first entered Parliament in 2003 and also served in the 10th Parliament of Guyana as APNU’s Shadow Minister of Legal Affairs and Justice.

He is also married with children.

MINISTRY OF LEGAL AFFAIRS & Attorney General’s Chambers www.legalaffairs.gov.gy

Our Mission Statement •

To ensure an adequate system for the administration of justice;

•

To give sound legal advice and provide competent legal representation of the Government of Guyana;

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And to draft legislation that will give effect to the constitutional, political and social objectives of the government.

Services provided: The Advice and Litigation department tenders legal advice to all Government Ministries/Agencies on varied matters, including tort contract and constitutional issues.

The Drafting department drafts original bills, amendment bills and subsidiary pieces of legislation with a view to gives effects to the objectives of Government The Office of the Public Trustee/Official Receiver is primarily responsible for the administration of the estates of deceased persons.

Deeds and Commercial Registry Authority administers, leases, mortgages or any other alienation thereof; as well as those laws relating to trade marks, patents, copyrights, trade unions, companies, partnership, business names, power of attorney, contracts and other deeds.

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Tel: (592) 226-2616-8, 227-0700

The Ministry of Legal Affairs is pleased to be associated with this publication.

Honorable Minister Sydney Allicock’s address to the 11th Parliament

I

n his first address to the new Parliament, Minister of Indigenous People’s Affairs, Mr. Sydney Allicock, opened his address by stating that it was an honor to serve the new government. He also voiced his adulation and congratulation to the new President, His Excellency President David Granger.

To those who were absent from Parliament, Minister Allicock said that they were “missing out on a glorious opportunity to assist in distilling this most impressive task which ought to be undertaken collectively in Guyana’s best interest.” In expressing his willingness to work with the absentees, he stated that, “It is not too late to pick up your tools and join us in this noble task of repositioning and rebuilding this great nation of ours.”

He went on to state that, “As we collectively join hands all across Guyana, we are reminded by His Excellency of our diversity and of the richness therein. We are charged with the responsibility of, inter alia, committing to the resolve of ‘…making Guyana “One Nation”.’ We are, as a people, therefore, steadfastly committed to the task of charting Guyana’s destiny over these next five years and far beyond. We are committed to so do, cognizant of the value of our history as a young nation. We are committed to the President’s vision of using unity as the vehicle to solving our many and varied social and other difficulties. If the demons of crime, disease, ignorance and poverty are indeed to be defeated, then only the angel of unity can help us to accomplish this necessary goal.”

Minister Allicock went on to say that, “Rebuilding our local democracy is essential. Depoliticizing the management of Neighborhood Democratic Councils and, in the case of my ministry, the Indigenous Peoples villages must be our priority.”

He reiterated that his ministry is committed to “ensuring that party politics is removed from the management of the affairs” of the various Amerindian villages.

In improving the capacity of the Indigenous People, the ministry has embarked on the process of having village audits and elections.

After this, there will be a National Toshao’s Conference to discuss Indigenous Peoples’ rights and resources.

The minister posited that, “Extreme poverty

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 26

can only be eliminated through sustained, committed and dedicated efforts. It is known that the Indigenous Peoples populations of the deep hinterland regions of Guyana are more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of the scourge of poverty than any other group in Guyana. For example, the community of Baramita sits on gold, yet the residents live in deplorable poverty. The challenges are many and varied: from community leadership, communications and transportation, to health and education, pure, reliable water supply, affordable electricity and agricultural support.

The cure for these difficulties has got to be a process designed to bring relief in a deliberate measurable and sustainable manner.”

“

If inequalities are to be something of the past, then urgent, immediate attention will have to be paid to national awareness of the rights of Indigenous Peoples, not only at home here in Guyana, but globally as well.”

“To this end, there will be a number of interventions specific to sustainable economic development. Such projects will especially target women and young people. Women are our village economists, while the young people are the next generation of leaders. There will be partnerships with several non-governmental and international organizations. These partnerships are intended to bring to villages benefits in the areas of: sustainable utilization and management of natural resources, conceptualization and management of micro projects, skills training, life skills, sports, cultural and other social based activities as well as infrastructural improvement,” he said.

Minister Allicock said that the Indigenous People’s Affairs Ministry intends to continue to develop and record the indigenous languages of the nine indigenous peoples. “We will store [the data] for posterity, and the valuable historic, cultural records of the indigenous

peoples of Guyana,” he said.

He went on to say that the ministry intends to showcase Guyana’s talented people, and craft programs to develop, preserve and promote the Indigenous Peoples’ rich heritage and to marry it to the rich cultural heritage of other Guyanese brothers and sisters.

The minister went on to say that his ministry strongly believes that “if inequalities are to be something of the past, then urgent, immediate attention will have to be paid to national awareness of the rights of Indigenous Peoples, not only at home here in Guyana, but globally as well.”

Indigenous Peoples need to have better access to the opportunities, facilities and rewards that are available nationally. With that in mind, the ministry intends to have a factual, impartial analysis of the state of affairs of the Indigenous Peoples that will be made public. Thereafter, the ministry will embark on a set of strategic objectives that will chart the course for the elimination of inequalities that affect Guyana’s Indigenous People.

Appropriate education is pivotal to this long-term process. The Bina Hill Institute at Annai in Region Nine – which is similar to the Critchlow Labour College – is an excellent project to build upon. Orealla in Region Six has been identified as one such possible site. Other technical training centers will eventually be set up in each region.

With eco-tourism on the rise, every indigenous community is a potential tourist destination. These communities must now prepare for the sustainable utilization of Guyana’s natural patrimony. There is need for tour guides, tour planners, caterers, interpreters, facility managers, logistics personnel and other skilled people to enable the blooming of tourism-based, sustainable, economic ventures.

Minister Allicock said, “The Indigenous Peoples of Guyana welcome the President’s proposed establishment of a Sovereign Wealth Fund. The Ministry of Indigenous

Peoples Affairs views this initiative as a very responsible approach to the management of the revenues earned from our national patrimony. We must determine where such resources are best invested. I say invested, because I believe that every cent of state resources placed towards the development of our people is an investment in our country’s future. I believe that after a careful analysis of our needs as a nation, it will be well established that education, healthcare, public transportation, infrastructure, social security, access to information, and environmental protection are important areas to which such investments should be directed. This fund allows us as a nation to avoid the pitfalls of squander mania and focus on ensuring that our citizens get the best out of every dollar of state resources. I pray that we start to produce oil in the large quantities anticipated. This way, the Sovereign Wealth Fund will become a reality and will go on to benefit the people of Guyana, aiding in the swift removal of poverty from our land.”

For Indigenous People, the forest represents life. It is their kitchen, their medicine cabinet, their home, and their sanctuary. The minister expressed “tremendous delight” that the President made his vision for a Green Guyana

clear. “The challenges of climate change are enormous. The pressures of development; or the price of development on countries such as ours could be devastating. Our journey towards sustainable management and use of our natural resources and focus on the use of energy obtained from water, wind and the sun as outlined by our President is indeed the way forward. Our eyes must remain trained on our protected areas. We, therefore, offer our full support to these efforts. Our Ministry’s support in this regard will be manifested in the programs we undertake in the years ahead,” he stated.

The Indigenous Peoples Affairs Minister went on to laud the President’s intention to establish Bartica, Mahdia, Mabaruma and Lethem as towns, stating that, “The necessary legislations will be brought before this House shortly. These hinterland communities each have a significant Indigenous People’s population. These communities have not been benefiting from the attention, services, physical infrastructure, agricultural and other technical support over the past two decades.

Now, under the visionary leadership of President Granger, they will become towns with their own mayors and town councils.

They will bring their own brand of local

democratic governance to the fore. A new culture of [an] accountable government by the people and for the people of those new towns will emerge.”

The minister went on to say that the move “is truly the involvement of the people in the management of their own affairs”. The domino effect of this will be better management, sustainable use and maintenance of public infrastructure, such as hinterland stellings, trails to Indigenous communities, and airstrips in these communities. “The hinterland road, river and air transportation services will improve,” he said. “These interventions can only impact positively on the lives and livelihood of the Indigenous Peoples of Guyana’s coast and hinterland.”

In his closing statement, Minister Allicock declared, “I can see in the not too distant future, positive impact in the areas of social life, education, health care, agriculture and general economic development in our hinterland communities, and by extension, in the lives of our Indigenous Peoples. This marks the beginning of a good life for all Guyanese.

Let us, therefore, move forward resolutely together; for in the words of Guyana’s first Executive President: ‘We have a Nation to build; a destiny to mould.’”

Empowerment Center being touted as solution to Berbice poverty dilemma

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“WE ALL DESERVE A CHANCE AND THAT IS THE INTENT OF THIS FACILITY: TO GIVE PEOPLE A CHANCE mission helped poor families AT A BETTER LIFE” - PANDIT SUGRIM

hen a naked, presumably homeless young woman is left to wander the streets without anyone attempting to render assistance, it is a clear indication that societal values have collapsed. This was the observation of Pandit Suresh Sugrim, Chief Executive Officer/ Administrative Head of the Humanitarian Mission of the New Jersey Arya Samaj (NJAS), which also has a presence in Canada.

Although he migrated to the United States many years ago, Pandit Sugrim, who was born and raised in Berbice, would often visit Guyana.

It was during one of his many visits to the Ancient County that he observed an unclothed woman casually meandering around the Berbice Stelling area. The sight, though alarming to Pandit Sugrim, appeared to be a normal sight to almost all of the people within the vicinity.

“There were many religious leaders and other individuals that were at the Stelling, but not one took a piece of cloth to wrap that young girl’s naked body. I hurriedly got into my suitcase and got out a piece of clothing and covered her... I also gave her a few dollars and she went along her way,” recounted Pandit Sugrim.

The encounter bothered him so much that he recognized the need to address the glaring situation of poverty that existed in that section of the country.

Upon his return to New Jersey, he shared his experience with the Board of Directors of the NJAS and plans were soon after made to expand the Humanitarian Mission to Guyana.

Beginning in 2005, the NJAS plugged support into sections of Berbice with the aim of helping alleviate the poverty situation. A hand-out tactic was embraced, whereby the mission would cater to the physical needs of individuals in dire need. The

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construct homes, helped single mothers send their children to school, helped children with heart conditions access surgery, among many other noble undertakings.

“We did pretty much anything that helped to get people through the struggles of life,” disclosed Pandit Sugrim. But according to him, “we eventually came to the

realization that we had spent millions of dollars in hand-outs but that wasn’t the solution to Guyana’s problems. After many years, there were still many people in poverty who were simply expecting to continue to receive hand-outs from us.”

By 2011, the NJAS was reevaluating its support to Guyana, and an informed decision was made to change the mode of support.

The decision, Pandit Sugrim noted, was premised on the Chinese proverb “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” Teaching the people of Berbice to “fish” will take on the form of an Empowerment Center at 21-26 Ankerville, Port Mourant, Corentyne, Berbice.

The center, which was officially commissioned on August 9, 2015, will facilitate educational programs for out-of-school youths and young mothers, job training, counseling and other social services.

“People would agree that there are many [social] ills that have been destroying and rocking the foundation of families across this country... There are issues such as suicide, domestic violence, other forms of abuse, and there are even problems with alcohol and diseases such as HIV that are

happening in Guyana right now and we have to do something to deal with these,” said Pandit Sugrim. He is promoting the Empowerment Center as a possible solution.

The realization of the center, which is currently undergoing finishing touches, was made possible through the support of local donors and others in the US and Canada who helped to raise in excess of US$300,000. The center was constructed on land leased by government.

While the facility will be managed by a board of directors, Pandit Sugrim disclosed that he has decided to return home to give his full support to its operation, because he is confident that it is poised to evolve overtime.

He is hopeful that other nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) would collaborate with the center to ensure that the needs of the society are effectively addressed. “We can’t do it alone... We are looking to prepare people for the world of work. We are looking to teach young women to sew and have what they sew sold right back [in] the community so that they can earn a living,” disclosed Pandit Sugrim.

It is also hoped that the center could facilitate daycare services for single parent mothers as they learn a trade to empower themselves. The intended targets for support will not only be women.

According to Pandit Sugrim, the center will be reaching out to young men too.

Even deportees are expected to find a refuge if

they so desire, since efforts will be made to create activities that can ensure that they make an honest living.

In essence, Pandit Sugrim is of the view that the center would be one that addresses the underlying problem of poverty in the society in the quest to bring about needed changes. Realizing the needed changes, he pointed out, would require that entire communities work together.

“Sometimes there is nobody there to hold people’s hands when they are in a crisis, and so it is our hope that we can have a center that offers a 24/7 counseling service, even as we empower our people,” informed Pandit Sugrim.

Attempts have already been made to garner support from the government to aid the notfor-profit operation of the center which is expected to touch the lives of many. “We all deserve a chance and that is the intent of this facility: to give people a chance at a better life,” asserted Pandit Sugrim.

Using Dogs for Home Security

By Brian Ramsey

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hroughout the Caribbean, it is very common for homeowners to have dogs. When asked why, they say that it is for the security of their home. Persons often ask what type of dog is best for securing their home. Actually, almost any breed will protect their home turf, including the common mixed breed dogs. However, there are certain breeds that are known to be especially good as protection dogs.

Among the dog breeds that are good for home protection are the: • Bullmastiff – This breed is known for its physical strength, protection instincts, courageousness, and extreme family loyalty.

If an intruder crosses its path, a Bullmastiff will typically use its strength to knock them over or block their path. This breed is very docile in the family environment and makes a great household pet.

• Doberman pinscher – Dobermans are very fast, loyal, fearless and alert. They are considered to be among the smartest of dogs.

• Rottweiler – This is an intelligent dog that learns quickly and bonds with its owners. It will stand and protect its owners and their property. Their size alone is often enough to scare off an intruder.

However, they can be strong-willed and need firm leaders.

• German shepherd – German shepherds are not only beautiful to look at, but very intelligent and learn quickly. These dogs like being around people. They are very calm dogs, but will quickly react to any threat they perceive to the home or family.

• Rhodesian ridgeback – Ridgebacks are natural watchdogs. Since they were originally bred to hunt lions, they do not easily back away from a perceived threat. They have a very independent nature, so they must be trained and the owner must be a firm individual. They are said to be selective in their barking so when a Ridgeback barks, it needs to be taken seriously.

There are certain things that should be done in order to ensure that you have a good watch dog no matter what breed of dog you acquire.

If you get a puppy, one of the first things that you should do is train the puppy to not be friendly with strangers. This can be difficult to do, especially if you have little children. Everyone will want to play and have their friends play with the cute, cuddly puppy. But then the puppy gets the idea that everyone is their friend, and anyone that enters the yard has come to play with them. Playing with the puppy is inevitable and is

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indeed good for the puppy. Playing helps exercise the puppy’s muscles and helps it bond with family members. However, as the puppy ages you should begin keeping it away from people other than immediate family, so that it begins to understand that not everyone is to be played with.

Though training the puppy to know that not everyone is their friend is important, it is equally important that you give the dog obedience training. You do not want a dog that is “bad” and you cannot control it.

Obedience training should be a must. Obedience training for dogs can start at any age, but it is best if started while the dog is a puppy.

There is one type of obedience training that some people give to their dogs without realizing that it is not good. When visitors come to the gate, the dog, naturally, goes to the gate and begins barking at the visitor. The owner comes out and tells the dog to go to the back or go in the kennel. The dog obeys, but, eventually, some dogs will automatically go to the back when they see people at the gate. The owner has unconsciously trained the dog to do this. The better approach is to pat the dog so that it is rewarded for alerting you, then take the dog to the kennel.

There are people who ask if they should give their dog aggression training. For most part, having a dog barking at strangers, baring its fangs is enough to scare off the common thief. But if the individual is in a neighborhood where there have been burglaries of houses with dogs or the individual has a specific threat, then aggression training is warranted. The purpose of the training is to give the dog the confidence to stand its ground when it engages a stranger. Most of us have experienced a common mixed breed dog backing off when one simply stamps their foot, or shouts, or waves a stick. Aggression training gives the dog the confidence to stand its ground when confronting a stranger, even if that stranger makes some overt move at the dog. The aggression training should never involve physical harm to dog.

Homeowners also face the dilemma of having unfriendly guard dogs and entertaining guests. The practice of locking the dogs away is the action chosen whenever the homeowner has to entertain guests.

However, this exposes the property to the possibility of a home invasion/ robbery. Fortunately, there are more secure choices a homeowner can make in this situation. If the activity is indoors, the dogs can be released once all of the guests are inside. The dogs are then able to patrol the yard while the homeowner and guests engage in their social activity.

If the homeowner hosts social activities often that involve the guests being both indoors and outdoors, he/she should consider dividing the yard in a manner that allows the dogs to roam and protect one section.

If dividing the yard, it is important to use chain-link fencing or steel grills to allow the dogs to see into the other section. If anyone enters into that section while the guests are indoors, the dogs can alert the residents by their barking.

Undoubtedly, dogs are a good form of home security no matter the breed. However, the key to having a good guard dog is in the training that is given to that dog. This training should start from an early age.

Brian Ramsey has a BA in Accounting & Management, along with an MBA in Finance. He also has over 29 years in the field of security in the Caribbean. He is the Regional Development Director for Amalgamated Security Services Limited which is the parent company of Alternative Security Services (St. Lucia) Limited. He can be contacted at bramsey@assl.com. Amalgamated Security operates in Grenada, Barbados, St. Lucia, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.

Revered Economist Dr. Clive Thomas Using economics to transform economies, while fighting corruption

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ost economists today hold considerable political power and influence because of the profundity of their work. But the influence of Dr. Clive Youlande Thomas goes beyond his prolific writings.

Since his introduction to the field of economics, Dr. Thomas has been committed to using his work to transform economies locally and regionally, while having it serve as a formidable weapon in the fight against corruption.

Born on February 6, 1938, this avid reader is the first of seven children for his parents, Clementine Semple and Basil Thomas. He said that his mother was a single parent.

He grew up in Charlestown before moving to Hill Street, Albouystown, then to Leopold Street, before departing to further his studies in England.

His academic achievements at Queen’s College got him the opportunity to study at the University of Guyana through a scholarship.

“My mom and dad are dead.

My mother was a single parent and she had seven of us. I was the eldest, so you can image what a struggle it was in those days. But I intended to leave Guyana and work in another country,” Dr. Thomas said.

The professor related that he

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never sought to be an economist or to pursue studies in that field.

In fact, he wanted to study politics. But after advice from his supervisor at the University of Guyana, he was told that he was sufficiently proficient in politics, and that he would be exceptional as an economist. He obtained his doctorate in 1964 at the University of London.

“My thesis was on Guyana’s finances: Money in the independent economy. Up to that time, it was a subject many people hadn’t thought was an important subject. When I got my doctorate, it was at a very young age. I only took three years to do it. I didn’t do a Master’s degree. I didn’t have to, because my supervisor at the University of Guyana thought I was good enough to go beyond that,” he recounted.

Thomas said that in the 1960’s he was living in Jamaica and working as a University Lecturer, but was banned from the island.

“I was living in Jamaica when the late L.F.S Burnham took office. But I was banned in 1969, along with a number of Jamaicans, because they considered us to be too radical.

We protested against the denial of the late Walter Rodney having a job there. After that I came back to Guyana and I just decided to stay on,” he explained.

Given his invaluable contributions to shaping economies regionally and locally, Professor Thomas could arguably be considered one of the most prolific Caribbean economists of his generation. His scholarship spans all aspects of economics, including theoretical, empirical, mathematical, sociological and political.

To date, he has authored and co-authored 30 books, as well as numerous research monographs/

papers. These include, “Guyana: Countering the Risks of Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Arms Proliferation (With Addendum)”; “Eight Essays on the Amaila Falls Hydro Project”; “Thirty Years After the Third World Debt Crisis: Sovereign Debt Stress in CARICOM (With Specific Reference to Guyana)”, and a study prepared for the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, March 2011, co-authored with Dr. Thomas Singh.

He has also published over 154 academic articles and contributions to books/research monographs and presented invited papers to a similar number of academic conferences, symposia and seminars.

His major fields of research interests and publications include macro-economics and finance, as well as small and micro-economies; development economics with special emphasis on growth, trade, finance, agriculture (sugar), environment and natural resources; and social sector economics with special emphasis on poverty analysis and eradication measures.

Dr. Thomas said that he has always aspired to do great things for his country. It was simply the way he was brought up.

“In the days of Burnham, people were dreamers. They were inspired to do great things for their country. I was motivated by him and I was encouraged by my peers to pursue my dreams of making a difference in my country,” Dr. Thomas posited.

“I must reiterate though, I am most passionate about justice and fair play. The inequities people have had to suffer really bother me, and are sometimes, I feel, not ordained by God or by nature, [such as] poverty. I am concerned about the eradication of corruption, because it eats away at our society,” he stated.

“People don’t realize how this affects the society, how it hurts the nation, our future. I feel, too, given my background that I have always felt that justice and fair play should be at the center of our society. Democracy and rights of people are things I support at

heart. I will fight for it with my last breath,” Dr. Thomas vowed.

For fun, he says that he enjoys reading, given his insatiable appetite for learning new things. In his spare time, which is very rare, he enjoys watching documentaries and sports, especially cricket. And though you might not have guessed it, he has a secret love for partying and thrilling fêtes.

“I remember my days in Jamaica. They had outstanding parties and fêtes. I have a special love for Jamaica. I miss that in Jamaica. I used to party every weekend, if not every night, as a young University Lecturer. I would go and have a nice drink and dance with the women, who are beautiful too, just like Guyanese women. So it was a grand time for me,” he reminisced with a chuckle.

Thomas says that his latest project, the State Assets Recovery Program, is what he is most enthusiastic about. In this regard, he has already reached out to the international community and is making headway in garnering their support.

“What I am hoping to do is put asset recovery in the broad framework in the fight against corruption in Guyana, by looking at policies and programs at one end of the spectrum, and then, at the other end, look at improving the justice system, so that we root it out forever. I am not only concerned about finding assets and getting the wrongdoers prosecuted, but setting up a program to prevent the rate at which the public assets were stolen from happening again,” he opined.

Dr. Thomas, who was married three times, noted that his most prized accomplishments are his three wonderful children: Raoul, Sharon and Dawn.

Apart from the cherished ones in his life, he was the recipient of the Cacique Crown of Honor for Contributions to Education; Government of Guyana National Awards Scheme in 1994 and the George Beckford Award for Contributions to Caribbean Economy, Association of Caribbean Economists, in 2001.

The Real, Reel Meal

by Teni Housty

Attorney-at-Law, LL.M.; MBA Introduction The times when we stop to think that life is good are not always frequent. Sometimes, Guyana can be that sort of place. When last did you, the reader, have a moment when you said Guyana is good and you had a good time? The power of a positive perspective is an interesting human capability. It is from this positive orientation that this tale of a real, reel meal begins.

I thank my colleague from the Belize Red Cross for the title of this contribution, which was conceived on a bus to the airport after five days of a regional Red Cross conference. The author has not strayed too far from his foundations. This is a story of law, fishing, catching and cooking. Part one deals with the real, part two the reel, and part three, the meal.

The Real When work takes over life, there comes a time for a reality check.

The reality check can be voluntary, whereby the busy person takes a break from the hectic schedule by choice. On the other hand, it can be involuntary – not in the sense of “involuntary manslaughter”, but in the sense of a medical complication that causes the busy individual to slow down. For the author the choice is voluntary, the reality check and the way to keep it real is to go fishing.

For the practical fisher the first step in the pursuit of the real is to get real bait. For this tale the bait is white belly fresh water shrimp.

To be successful in this step, the fisher has to be first in time. The first time takes precedence and has the benefit of selecting the prime shrimp.

Having acquired the bait, the next step is to ensure that you call up your “real brethren” and say lets pack a cooler and throw a line in the water. The minds are ad idem, the deal is struck and the journey begins. To avoid any allegations of criminal offences involving grievous bodily harm contrary to several sections of Part II of Cap 8:01, the location is not disclosed. As is sometimes warned by real fishermen when it comes to a good fishing spot, “If I tell you I will have to kill you.” This is time for the reel part of the story.

The Reel For this type of fishing you either need a bait-casting or a spinning reel. A fly reel may work but complicates the task. The rod has to be

strong, the eyes sturdy and the line of the right test. Negligence in any of these equipment areas will cause the fisher to be contributory to their own loss or an accessory to his or her own demise. With the right reel and the real bait, it is time to fish and catch. The targets are the fish some may say – the innocent. Not all fish are innocent. There are some out there who are robbers of bait, high jumping escapees and inciters of violence.

The subjects of the present investigation or inquiry are the scaled high jumping escapees and the scaled inciters of violence. For the full disclosure of identity, these are the snook and tarpon/cuffum/silver king. For the smaller non-scaled fish that might obstruct the pursuit, if caught they are to be released on their own recognizance. It has been said that every day is fishing day, but not every day catching day. This would not be a tale without a catch.

The process of catch may involve old talk bordering on civil defamation, be that as it may, the talk works. Additionally, the catch involves several offences. When the cork ducks, the adrenaline runs depending on the bite to the point of intoxication. Intoxication is only a defence to certain crimes, unfortunately, none of which are part of the catch.

When the strike occurs, the first reaction of that silver king is an attempted escape contrary to section 108 of the Criminal Law Offences Act Cap 8:01. If he escapes, there is profane language contrary to section 141(1) of the Summary Jurisdiction Offences Act Cap 8:02 (Cap 8:02) from the fisher, coupled with abusive, insulting as well as profane language contrary to section 141(2) of Cap 8:02 which may extend to several body parts and generations of the family, all of this on the part of the your “real brethren”. From the escapee, there is the aggravated assault contrary to section 22 of Cap 8:02 as the cork and hook come out of the mouth, then directly to the person fishing. This is also a direct result of premature striking.

If the hook sets, the escapee is caught with all attempts at escape being rendered futile. Patience is necessary and would be the answer to a writ of habeas corpus seeking the early release of the hooked fish.

The fish is caught and successfully landed with the help of the “real brethren”. To keep it fresh, the process of cleaning begins, following which, the fish is placed in an ice box with ice and a few beverages of choice, not sufficient to contravene any laws under the Road Traffic Act Cap. 51:02.

When in the box, the fish is on remand as the course of the meal is determined. The fish on remand is a tarpon, so the meal is to be decided.

The meal - Preparation There are some lawyers who like to talk. They feel that the more they talk, the more they get paid. This approach has prompted many a judicial officer to say, get to the meat of the matter. In some courts, the meat is built on skeletal submissions. For a tarpon, the meat and the bones are inextricably bound together, the bones float in the flesh. The preparation involves actually getting the meat from the bones. The process for many is a trade secret not to be disclosed. For the author, the secrecy is maintained. The result of the application of the process is fresh boneless meat ready to be made a perfect meal. The skeletal remains will be discarded without the need for an autopsy as the cause of death and the perpetrator of the act are all known.

With this meat the common preparations include fish burgers, fish balls or steamed fish balls. The choice is guided by the fact that your “real brethren” had acquired real nice eddoes from his farm. So the choice is fried eddo tarpon balls. The ingredients include pepper, lime, salt, onions and garlic. The proportions and other methods are prohibited from disclosure by the law governing trade secrets.

Consumption The side dish can be anything of choice, but as with any tale when the story is so sweet, you forget how much time has passed. The eddo balls serve as a real meal at any time of the day. For the author it was dinner.

So there you have it: a real, reel meal in Guyana. Just a little reminder that there is good in Guyana, for real.

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INDIGENOUS HERITAGE MONTH Activities set to celebrate diverse traditions and customs

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ndigenous Heritage Month has always been a magnificent celebration of indigenous food, fashion, pageantry, and art and craft. This year, the Ministry of the Indigenous People’s Affairs is poised to make the celebrations bigger and better with its new and improved list of events.

The celebrations are expected to showcase the rich and diverse culture of Guyana’s first inhabitants, the indigenous peoples, under the theme: ‘Preserving Indigenous Customs and Traditions’.

Indigenous Heritage Day actually came to being on September 10, 1957, when Stephen Campbell became Guyana’s first Indigenous to become a Member of Parliament. To commemorate this significant achievement for the indigenous people, Indigenous Heritage Day is celebrated on September 10 every year.

Later on in 1995, Guyana’s then Prime Minister, Dr. Cheddi Jagan, officially designated September as Indigenous Heritage Month, giving the Indigenous population a chance to showcase the splendor of their way of life. As such, the heritage celebration allows the wider Guyanese populace to experience the indigenous culture in a profound way.

Apart from the celebrations in the various villages, activities planned for this event include a heritage launch; food and craft exhibitions; cultural presentations; sports and family fun day; an inter-faith service; a fund-raising event; and reflections on the life of Stephen Campbell.

Traditionally, these activities were usually observed at the Umana Yana, but this historic site was unfortunately destroyed by fire in the midst of celebrating Indigenous Heritage Month in 2014. The rehabilitation of the Heritage Village located at the Sophia Exhibition Centre, is one of the major projects under way in preparation for this event.

This project includes the renovation of the roof and walls of the main benab, and the construction of two additional benabs in the compound.

The activities started on August 31 with the customary inter-religious service at the Heritage Village, followed by the Heritage ceremonial launch on September 1 at the Indigenous Heritage Village. There, President David Granger gave the feature address.

Below is a list of the planned heritage activities, their dates, venues and the time they are scheduled to commence:

Indigenous Heritage Activities, September 2015 September 2 to 6: Indigenous Food and Craft Exhibition – Indigenous Heritage Village, Sophia – 10:00 am daily

September 11: Schools Educational Lecture – Various Secondary Schools (time not confirmed)

September 2 to 6: Cultural Extravagance – Indigenous Heritage Village, Sophia – 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm

September 12: Heritage Village Celebration – Santa Aratak, Region Three – All Day

September 5: Sashing of Pageant Delegates – Indigenous Heritage Village, Sophia – 8:00 pm

September 15: Schools Educational Lecture – Various Schools (time not confirmed)

September 7: Indigenous Heritage Festival and Expo opening – Castellani House, Vlissengen Road – 5:00 pm

September 18: Annual Heritage Fundraising Dinner – Indigenous Heritage Village, Sophia – 7:00 pm

September 8 to 11: Indigenous Heritage Festival and Expo Art Exhibition – Castellani House, Vlissengen Road – 9:00 am to 6:00 pm

September 19 to 20: Heritage Sports Opening Ceremony and Sports – Everest Cricket Club – 9:00 am

September 10: Celebrations of the Life and works of Stephen Campbell and other Notable Amerindians – Indigenous Heritage Village, Sophia (time not confirmed)

September 22: Schools Educational Lecture – Various Secondary Schools (time not confirmed) September 26: Heritage Pageant – National Cultural Centre – 8:00 pm

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September 29: Schools Educational Lecture – Various Secondary Schools (time not confirmed)

Current Business Openings Emerging businesses in the local sectors

Despite the economic uncertainties which came with the May 11 General and Regional Elections, foreign and local entrepreneurs still saw Guyana as a viable market. As such, several businesses were opened after the elections. Here is a profile of some of these companies.

Fernandes Bread Box

Bakery

Introducing the Dutch taste to the Guyanese palate is Fernandes Bread Box, which opened to the public some weeks ago.

The Fernandes Bakery is part of the Fernandes Group of Companies, one of Suriname’s largest corporate groups. The Fernandes business, which was established in 1910, began as a small novelty store in Paramaribo. It later grew into an international brand offering a wide range of products and services.

The bakery is one of the first companies in the group to have established itself to be a prime producer of quality products at affordable prices. It boasts of using only superior ingredients which guarantees satisfaction with every bite of its freshly baked breads, delectable pastries and tantalizing ice-creams.

The entry of the Fernandes brand on the Guyana scene aims to provide consumers with a fresh line of products not normally found on the local market. It offers over seven types of breads, including whole and multi-grains, baguettes, ciabatta, croissants, wraps, pastries and a variety of deserts.

In addition to providing distinctive breads, pastries and deserts, the Bread Box provides hot and cold beverages and freshly prepared sandwiches.

The Fernandes Group of Companies in Suriname also includes a Coca Cola bottling company, ice-cream manufacturing and packaging, automotive sales, hardware, household, audio and furniture divisions.

Insurance

New India Assurance A fresh company, New India Assurance, has positioned itself to help the insurance industry catapult into a glorious comeback after experiencing some economic shocks in recent years.

The vision of the Guyana branch of the Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) based company is “to be an industry leader that provides world-class general insurance services.” Among the services offered by the company are motor (private and commercial), fire and special perils, business interruption, homeowners/ householders comprehensive, contractors’ all risk, plate/glass, all risk (valuables and equipment), burglary, public liability, product liability, travel insurance and personal accident.

At the opening ceremony, the Company’s Managing Director, Jyoti Kumar Garg, said that it is a great pleasure to be in Guyana. He also recognized the significant developments that have taken place over the years. He said that since the company believes in providing “world-class general insurance services,” it is working on the implementation of new information technology software that will provide real time benefits to the clients.

New India Assurance came into the Caribbean more than 60 years ago, beginning with its agency model. In 1966, it was incorporated and began operations as a branch office in T&T. This company is a subsidiary of the New India Assurance Company Limited in Mumbai India, a multi-national, state-owned, non-life insurer that was founded in 1919.

It is one of the largest insurance companies in the Afro-Asian region. It had a global premium of US$2.3 billion, net assets of US$7.7 billion and net worth of US$1.4 billion at the end of 2013.

It is also rated A- by the AM Best (A.M. Best Company provides news, credit ratings and financial data products and services for the insurance industry). The operations in India extend across a network comprising 28 regional offices, five large corporate offices, 400 divisional offices, 614 branch offices and 555 micro offices, with an employment head count of 19,000.

Point of Sale (POS) Guyana-Business Solutions opened its doors to the public in June. The newly-introduced business venture in Guyana’s information technology sector offers free services to businesses and households.

It specializes in POS hardware and software for businesses. POS Guyana is an authorized distributor for Bematech POS hardware and bar software. POS hardware helps retailers sell more effectively. The company also offers additional specialized sales and services, such as desktop and laptop repairs/parts and accessories, printers, security cameras, alarms, DSL, biometrics and payroll software with training.

It also offers a ‘business package’, whereby businesses can receive free POS setup, which entails a computer, receipt printer, barcode scanner, software and training.

The are located at 176 Middle Street, between Camp and Waterloo Streets, Georgetown (Above the Plum store)and can be telephoned at 225 9787.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 36

Inormation Technology

Point of Sale Guyana-Business Solutions

Publik Wing and Burger House Restaurant

With a cozy and friendly atmosphere, the Publik Wing and Burger House, located in the Bella Vista Mall on Duncan Street, has become a favorite eatery of locals overnight. It is owned by popular party promoter in Guyana, Sean Major, who was careful to fashion his brand to be a memorable one for the Guyanese public.

Though it is not large when it comes to space, the franchise capitalizes on other qualities, such as great tasting food and impressive customer service.

As for its star attraction – the food – it brings new twists to the way one enjoys burgers, hotdogs, French fries and barbequed wings, which they serve with 11 tantalizing sauces.

While it is customary for persons to be given nicknames in Guyana, this little restaurant that boasts of big flavors has earned a new name from the populace: GT’s one and only ‘Wing and Burger Heaven’.

Mall

The Giftland Mall The US$24 million Giftland Mall stands as Guyana’s largest shopping precinct in Liliendaal, East Coast Demerara. It has been regarded as an impressive vision by various members of the coalition government. It also houses one of Guyana’s largest cinemas – the Caribbean Cinemas.

Business Minister, Dominic Gaskin, at the recent opening of the mall, said that the project can safely be described as a major investment in Guyana’s retail sector. He said that the new shopping complex can be regarded as a “scientifically selected” blend of business, entertainment, cuisine and architectural magnificence.

Gaskin also said that it would be an operation of international standard which the public deserves. He regarded the mall’s creation as a formidable work of entrepreneurial spirit. According to Gaskin, the introduction of the Giftland Mall highlights the importance private businesses play in developing Guyana’s economy. Among the stores available at the mall are the Giftland Megastore, GL Giftronics, GL Sportsmaxx and the Giftland food court.

Despite the store’s apparent extravagance, customers are assured that the inexpensive pricing synonymous with Giftland will remain.

Caribbean Cinemas Multiplex, the Puerto Rican theatre company, has over 400 operations across the Caribbean region, including Trinidad and Tobago. Its opening at Giftland represents the company’s first mainland operations in South America.

Crème Select Ice Cream Lounge

cream to satisfy that weakness.

The Ice Cream Lounge will offer a wide range of premium quality ice cream treats, as well as appetizing snacks. Persons can expect sundaes, frostees, waffle cones, waffle bowls, banana splits, smoothies, shakes and iced lattes at guaranteed affordable prices. Additionally, a special treat named “Love Boat” is available for couples who desire to share a special delicacy together.

The genesis of the idea for Crème Select Lounge stemmed from the fact that though there is the Crème Select take-home one liter packages countrywide, there are those who wish to indulge in their ice cream in a comfortable atmosphere, hence the birth of Crème Select Lounge. The company guarantees that the equipment and furnishing imported from the US are among the latest in technology and comfort, and will provide customers with the best quality products within a conducive atmosphere.

Crème Select ice cream is produced at Banks DIH Limited Thirst Park facilities at a dairy which is ISO 9001 and ISO 22000 certified.

It’s your turn to drive...

9 Croal Street, Georgetown, Guyana Ph. (592) 225-6528 / (592) 227-5117 Fax: (592) 227-7733 Email: bm_soat@hotmail.com

Area Success Public Road Ph. (592) 220-6898

B.M. SOAT AUTO SALES

Frozen Confectionary

Crème Select Ice Cream Lounge in downtown Georgetown is the most recent edition to the frozen confectionary sector. It was established by Banks DIH Limited with more locations soon to come.

It offers delectable flavors in ice cream such as banana, French vanilla, strawberry ripple, chocolate ripple, marshmallow, sorrel, chocolate and vanilla.

According to Banks DIH Human Resources Director, Andrew Carto, the company has already “eyed” two other locations in the city to open more outlets.

Carto said that the company just could not resist the urge of getting into this sector, given the fact that most Guyanese have a weakness for these types of sweet treats. He said that they intend to produce super premium quality ice

B.M.SOAT AUTO SALES

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 37

“Heart Attack” - A leading cause of death and disability Dr. Mahendra Carpen MBBS DM FACP Medical Director/Consultant Cardiologist Caribbean Heart Institute Georgetown, Guyana

INTRODUCTION Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for almost half of all deaths. It is part of the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases that carries a high burden of death and physical dysfunction.

The impact of heart disease is profound on the individual and has substantial implications for the national economy. Productivity lost due to sick days, inability to perform physical tasks and the psychosocial effects of heart disease are often overlooked but nevertheless have tangible consequences.

The most common type of heart disease in the western world is coronary artery disease, also known as ischemic heart disease. It is commonly referred to as “blockage.” This simply means that there is a narrowing of the lumen of the vessels (Arteries) responsible for transporting blood with oxygen to the heart muscles. When this happens there is reduced supply of oxygen to the heart muscle and the patient may experience chest pains or any of a number of other manifestations. When the heart muscle becomes damaged it cannot contract or relax normally and it can produce abnormal heart rhythms which may be fatal.

This article seeks to answer some of the more common questions related to a myocardial infarction, also known as a “heart attack.”

WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK? The correct name for a heart attack is MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Health professionals often shorten this to MI. It refers to irreversible damage to a piece of heart muscle as a result of insufficient blood/ oxygen supply. Heart muscle, like any living tissue, requires oxygen to perform its function and remain viable. This oxygen is carried by the red blood cells. In conditions where the blood/oxygen supply is severely reduced the heart muscles can become damaged beyond recovery. The reduced supply of blood/oxygen is as a direct result of plaque buildup on the inside of the arteries which take blood to the heart muscles.

The plaque is usually made up of cholesterol and other materials and can lead to the formation of blood clots which stop all blood flow to the heart muscle. This sudden loss of blood/oxygen to the heart muscle results in death of that piece of tissue which depends on the blood/ oxygen supply.

it creates an imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen.

Angina can be stable or unstable. A patient with stable angina can usually predict what level of activity will precipitate their chest pain and will therefore adjust their lifestyle and activities accordingly. Stable angina can become unstable when the frequency and severity of chest pains increase or is brought on by significantly less effort.

Unstable angina may also occur at rest. The main difference between angina and a heart attack is the absence of permanent heart muscle damage in angina. Heart muscle damage is usually confirmed by serial blood tests which detect the leakage of chemicals from the damaged myocardium. Unstable angina and heart attacks can be referred to as Acute Coronary Syndrome.

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS? The risk factors for a myocardial infarction can be classified as modifiable or non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, inactivity, stress and poor diet. The non-modifiable risk factors include a patient’s family history, male gender, age over 55 years for males and over 60 years for females, although some patients can develop heart attacks at much younger ages. This is particularly true for patients of South Asian decent. Less frequent risk factors include Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sleep apnea.

Since 2007 about one in three deaths was due to heart attack in Guyana. The highest risk group were East Indian males over the age of 45.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? The classical complaint for a patient suffering a heart attack is crushing chest pain in the center of the chest with radiating pattern to the neck, jaw or left arm. More frequently patients experience a chest discomfort, heaviness or tightness. This can be associated with sweating, nausea, vomiting, palpitations and shortness of breath. Some patients with heart attacks may not experience chest symptoms, but rather, complain of pain in the upper part of the abdomen with associated symptoms of nausea or vomiting. Quite frequently, patients mistakenly attribute this feeling to “gas” or indigestion. Unfortunately this mistake leads to delay in appropriate care and increase in undesirable outcomes.

HOW IS ANGINA DIFFERENT FROM A HEART ATTACK? WHAT SHOULD I DO? Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood/oxygen supply to the heart muscle (myocardium). This reduction in blood/oxygen flow is not sufficient to result in permanent damage/death of the tissue. However, Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 38

Anyone suspecting that they are having a heart attack should immediately chew one or two aspirins and head towards a hospital. If

the Aspirin is regular strength 325 mg then one is sufficient, if it’s the “baby” aspirin at 81 mg then two will be sufficient. Inform someone else and if feasible do not drive yourself to hospital. Unfortunately, many persons are by themselves when having a heart attack and have no options but to go to seek medical attention by themselves.

Patients should try to not exert themselves during a suspected heart attack and accept help when present. Deep and controlled breathing can reduce the associated anxiety.

HOW IS IT TREATED? The treatment of heart attacks can be invasive or non-invasive. Noninvasive treatment consists of medications and supportive measures.

Standard medications in hospital include Aspirin and another antiplatelet medication like Clopidogrel. Heparin is also used to keep the blood thin and prevent expansion of blood clots in the arteries.

High dose anti-cholesterol (statin) medications like Atorvastatin, Simvastatin or Rosuvastatin reduces the level of cholesterol but importantly also reduces the inflammation to the inner lining of the blood vessels.

Beta blockers like Metoprolol, Bisoprlol and Carvedilol reduces the oxygen requirement and the risk for fatal heart rhythm complications.

Atenolol is a much older beta blocker with a much worse side effect profile but can still be used.

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) reduce the blood pressure and prevents disorganized healing of the heart muscle. These drugs include Ramipril, Enalapril, Losartan and Valsartan.

The modern approach is more invasive once a heart attack is suspected. Many hospitals will proceed directly to perform a coronary angiogram and possible placement of stent(s) if suitable blockages/ stenoses are found. This approach when used appropriately provides the best outcomes in terms of survival, reduction of symptoms and recovery time. A coronary angiogram is a simple procedure done through the wrist or the groin where a catheter is advanced to the heart and facilitates the identification of blockages responsible for heart attack.

WHAT HAPPENS IF IT IS NOT TREATED APPROPRIATELY? The worst outcome of a heart attack is death. Fortunately advances in medical treatment have reduced this significantly over the years. Heart attacks not treated early with the right interventions result in higher death rates and worse complication rates. Complications of a heart attack can include heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, clots in the heart, leakage of heart valves and rupture of heart muscles. Patients who have had a heart attack are at higher risk for developing another heart attack in the future especially if not treated appropriately.

WHAT MEDICATION SHOULD I BE TAKING AFTER A HEART ATTACK? Almost everyone should be taking an Aspirin daily after a heart attack.

A second drug with similar action is also used in combination with aspirin. The majority of patients should be on a cholesterol medication, a beta blocker and an ACE-I or ARB. Additional medications such as the Nitrates (GTN, Isosorbide Dinitrate, etc.) causes dilatation of the arteries and can reduce chest pains due to narrowed blood vessels.

Other medications like Trimetazidine can also reduce chest pains and increase heart muscle relaxation.

WHAT CHANGES SHOULD I MAKE? The most important changes in lifestyle include the reduction and stoppage of cigarette smoking, exercise of at least 150 minutes per week and the embrace of a healthy diet. Cigarette smoking is possibly

the worse habit one can develop with a myriad of proven adverse health outcomes. It can cause heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, vascular disease, stomach problems, erectile dysfunction and other health problems. Exercise of at least 30 minutes per day for five days per week is recommended. Brisk walking is considered among the best and cheapest method of recommended exercise. Diets rich in fruits, nuts, grains and vegetables are better for heart health. Persons who get adequate rest and sleep are generally healthier. Strict adherence to prescribed medical therapy is essential. Control of known medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension and abnormal cholesterol is critical in ensuring better longevity and quality of life.

Regular visits to your doctor after a heart attack will allow for closer monitoring and early interventions when necessary.

WHAT IS THE FOLLOW UP? After a heart attack, it is important to have regular follow up visits with your doctor. Medical clinic visits follow a set pattern usually – history, physical examination, investigations and treatment plan. The history represents the part where patients tell the doctors how they are feeling and what complaints they have. Many physicians will guide the patient by asking relevant questions. It is very important to remember the emotional and psychological effects of a heart attack on patients and their families. The physical examination includes a check on the blood pressure, heart rate and general appearance. Complications of a heart attack are looked for – leg swelling, abnormal sounds in the heart and lungs and irregular heart beats. Blood sugar levels, cholesterol and kidney functions are evaluated by blood tests. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) are important in the follow-up evaluation. A patient’s tolerance can also be evaluated by means of an exercise test. Heart attack patients should see a cardiologist at least once every six months and see their general doctors in the interim.

WHAT KIND OF COSTS ARE INVOLVED? Adequate and appropriate care for a heart attack patient is very expensive and can be quite daunting to patients and their families.

Many healthcare systems can provide some level of care “free” to patients in the acute stages.

However, the invasive aspect of heart attack management requires a different level of financial commitment. A coronary angiogram can range from US$1500 to US$5000. Placement of stents in the blocked arteries can range from US$5000 to US$30,000. Blood tests, ECG, echocardiograms, consultations, rehabilitations and medications are additional expenses. Strategies to reduce cost do exist and a few operational models have proved successful. Private and national health insurance coverage must be encouraged. Strategic partnerships between the public and private sectors offer promise in developing an efficient lower cost program.

The Caribbean Heart Institute (CHI) has been in existence in Guyana since 2006. We provide the most affordable high quality cardiac care in the Caribbean and is a great example of public-private partnership.

Since its establishment, the CHI has done over 200 heart surgeries, 1000 coronary angiograms and 300 angioplasties with stent placement.

CONCLUSIONS Heart attacks are among the leading causes of deaths and disability in the world. The consequences extend beyond the individual and have implications for families, communities and countries. Most of the risk factors are known and early warning signs may be present. Rapid actions and early interventions can save lives and improve quality of life. While a preventive strategy is best, heart attacks still occur with devastating outcomes. Some basic knowledge and appropriate actions can be very useful is ensuring better outcomes.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 39

Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Its Role in Suicides

Drug Abuse

D

rug abuse is the recurrent use of illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs with negative consequences.

The consequences involve problems at work, school, home, or in interpersonal relationships; problems with the law; and physical risks that come with using drugs in dangerous situations. People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Some do it out of curiosity, some do it because of peer pressure, and then there are those athletes who use various drugs in an attempt to improve performance. Others use drugs to ease and drown out other problems.

Anxiety and depression prescription medications fall into this category.

Using drugs periodically does not automatically lead to abuse and there is no specific level at which drug use moves from casual to problematic. If your drug use is causing problems in your life at work, school, home, or in your relationships, then it is likely you have a drug abuse or addiction problem.

Drugs that are most commonly abused are: • Marijuana (cannabis): the most commonly used illicit substance.

This drug impairs short-term memory and learning, the ability to focus, and coordination. It also increases heart rate, can harm the lungs, and may increase the risk of psychosis in vulnerable people. Research suggests that when regular marijuana use begins in the teen years, addiction is more likely: one in six users, compared to one in nine users among adults. In addition, recent research suggests that heavy cannabis use that starts in the teen years is associated with declines in IQ scores in adulthood.

• Prescription medications and some over-the-counter medications : increasingly being abused (used in ways other than intended or without a prescription). This practice can lead to addiction and, in some cases, overdose. Among the most disturbing aspects of this emerging trend is its prevalence among teenagers and young adults. Also disturbing is the common misconception that because these are used medically or prescribed by physicians, they are safe even when not used as intended.

Commonly abused classes of prescription drugs include opioid painkillers, stimulants, and depressants.

• Cocaine: a short-acting stimulant, which can lead users to ‘binge’ – take the drug many times in a single session. Cocaine use can lead to severe medical consequences related to the heart and the respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems. Cocaine users can also experience severe paranoia, in which they lose touch with reality. The powdered form of cocaine is either inhaled through the nose (snorted), where it is absorbed through the nasal tissue, or dissolved in water and injected into the bloodstream.

Crack is a form of cocaine that has been processed to make a rock crystal (also called ‘freebase cocaine’) that can be smoked. The crystal is heated to produce vapors that are absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. (The term ‘crack’ refers to the crackling sound produced by the rock as it is heated.)

Drug Abuse and Suicide Suicide is a well-known risk for those suffering with mental health problems. It also requires attention in the assessment and treatment of drug addiction. Under the influence of drugs, you may lose inhibitions and take risks you ordinarily would not. Additionally, many people abuse drugs in an attempt to relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety or other mental health conditions. The rate of major depression is two to four times higher among addicts than the general population. Although drugs may seem to help in the short term, they make the problem worse over time. When attempting to stop using drugs, persons may feel overwhelmed by the return of the painful emotions that caused them to use the drugs in the first place. They may also be clear-headed enough to carry out suicidal thoughts and plans. Transitions, such as entering or leaving treatment, relapse, and death, divorce or other major life changes, can make users especially vulnerable at times. Abusing

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 40

drugs, especially depressants such as sedatives, can also trigger symptoms of depression, increasing the risk of suicide. As the consequences of addiction pile up – from legal problems and damaged relationships to financial ruin and job loss – individuals may lose all hope that things can get better. For some, it seems like there are only two paths to relief: spiraling back into drug use or death.

People with substance use disorders are about six times more likely to commit suicide than the general population. Drug abuse not only increases the likelihood that a person will take his or her life, but it is also used as a means for committing suicide. Roughly one in three people who die from suicide are under the influence of drugs, typically opiates such as oxycodone or heroin. Poisoning is the third-leading cause of suicide deaths, and drugs make up 75% of suicide deaths due to poisoning.

Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is the most severe form of alcohol abuse. It is a chronic disease characterized by the consumption of alcohol at a level that interferes with physical and mental health, family and social responsibilities. An alcoholic will continue to drink despite serious health, family, or legal problems.

Alcoholism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is a chronic condition and can last throughout a person’s lifetime. It usually follows a predictable course

and has recognizable symptoms.

Alcohol also affects women differently than men. Women become more impaired than men do after drinking the same amount of alcohol, even when differences in body weight are taken into account. Additionally, chronic alcohol abuse takes a heavier physical toll on women than on men. Alcohol dependence and related medical problems, such as brain, heart, and liver damage, progress more rapidly in women.

How to Identify Alcohol Addiction • Craving: A strong need, or compulsion, to drink • Loss of control: The inability to limit one’s drinking on any given occasion • Physical dependence: Includes evidence of tolerance and withdrawal • Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to get drunk • Withdrawal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, sweating, shakiness, hallucinations (visual or auditory), anxiety, and even seizures. These symptoms can occur in individuals who have been heavy drinkers over a period of time.

Side Effects of Alcohol Addiction • Increased incidence of cancer, particularly cancer of the larynx, esophagus, liver, and colon • Acute and/or chronic pancreatitis (an inflammatory disease of the pancreas) • Cirrhosis of the liver – alcohol abuse can cause alcoholic hepatitis, which then can lead to cirrhosis.

• Alcoholic neuropathy or degenerative changes in the nervous system affecting nerves responsible for sensation and movement • High blood pressure • Nutritional deficiencies – vitamin B12, folate, and thiamine • High blood pressure • Erectile dysfunction • Cessation of menstruation • Fetal alcohol syndrome in the children of women who drink during pregnancy • Depression • Increased risk of suicide

be enough to tip people over the edge.

• Alcohol abuse can induce depression.

Those who are depressed are far more likely to kill themselves. It is estimated that 40% of people who abuse alcohol will have depressive symptoms.

• Alcohol makes people act impulsively.

Suicide is often an impulsive act with no thoughts about the consequences.

• Alcohol increases levels of aggression which is also closely associated with suicide.

• Alcoholism leads to the deterioration in the life of the individual. It will lead to them losing friends, family, employment, and possessions. This will greatly increase the amount of stress they will have to deal with in life.

Dealing with Addiction, Abuse & its correlation to Suicide Stigma plays a role in keeping people from getting help. Also, lack of training in suicide prevention contributes to the problem once people do seek treatment. Someone has to ask the difficult, but pertinent questions about whether the patient has ever considered or attempted suicide, and whether they currently think about committing or intend to commit suicide. Someone needs to let the person suffering from the addiction know that they are not alone, that they are cared for and that hope remains. That person needs to then collaborate with them and their loved ones to create a recovery plan that first ensures their safety, and then addresses the underlying issues. It would be prudent at this point to involve a trusted healthcare provider as he/she may be better able to understand the issues at hand. Addicts are at high risk of death by a number of causes including disease, accident and suicide. Suicide prevention requires a multifaceted approach, but it all hinges on the person reaching out for help and effective treatment being available when they take that step. Treatment and support are important precursors for recovery from substance abuse as well as recovery from suicidal thoughts.

Alcohol Increases the Risk of Suicide There are a number of reasons why alcohol can increase the risk of suicide including: • Alcohol is associated with having a good time, but it actually works as a depressant. If the individual is already feeling bad when they start drinking, they will usually feel a lot worse afterwards.

This further deterioration of mood can

Helping an Unwilling Addict An alcoholic or drug addict cannot be forced to get help except under certain

circumstances, such as a violent incident that results in court-ordered treatment or medical emergency. But you don’t have to wait for someone to ‘hit rock bottom’. Many alcoholism and drug dependency treatment specialists suggest the following steps to help an alcoholic or drug addict: • Stop all ‘cover-ups’. Family members often make excuses for or try to protect the alcoholic from the results of his or her drinking. It is important to stop covering for the alcoholic so that he or she experiences the full consequences of drinking.

• The best time to talk about his or her drinking is shortly after an alcohol or drug related problem has occurred – a serious family argument or an accident. Choose a time when he or she is sober or clean, and when everyone involved is calm, and you have a chance to talk in private.

• Be specific. Tell the family member that you are worried about his or her drinking or drug use. Use examples of the ways in which alcohol or drugs has caused problems, including the most recent incident.

• State the results. Explain to the drinker what you will do if he or she doesn’t seek help. What you say may range from refusing to go with the person to any social activity where alcohol or drugs will be available, to moving out of the house.

Do not make any threats you are not prepared to carry out.

• Get help. Gather information in advance about treatment options in your community. If the person is willing to get help, call immediately for an appointment with a treatment counselor.

Offer to go with the family member on the first visit to a treatment program.

• Call a friend. If the family member still refuses to get help, ask a friend to talk with him or her using the steps just described. A friend who is a recovering addict may be particularly persuasive, but any person who is caring and nonjudgmental may help. The intervention of more than one person, more than one time, is often necessary to coax him/her to seek help.

• Find strength in numbers. With the help of a health-care professional, some families join with other relatives and friends to confront the individual as a group. This approach should only be tried under the guidance of a healthcare professional experienced in group intervention.

• Get involved in support groups once you have made any headway and the person is now on the path to recovery. It gives them a better chance of continuing on the path to full recovery.

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 41

Guyanese still rules WICB Regional under-15 50-overs scene Guyana’s junior cricketers continue in the rich tradition of dominance against its regional counterparts

Members of the victorious Guyana team display their accolades.Seated from left are Chairman of the GCB senior selection panel Rayon Griffith; Secretary, Anand Sanasie; Director of Sport, Christopher Jones; and GCB President, Drubahadur.

S

tarting the 2015 edition as reigning champions and also enjoying home advantage, the young Guyanese were able to retain the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) Regional Under-15 50-overs title.

The home team ended the tournament in grandiose fashion when they trounced the Windward Islands by 98 runs in the 5th and final round game at the Guyana National Stadium, Providence.

In a tournament severely affected by the inclement weather, Guyana needed a victory to retain championship honors after two of their earlier matches were rained out, much to the advantage of their opponents who were ahead of them by five points going into the contest.

But shrewd leadership by Guyana’s Captain, Ashmead Nedd, saw the home team playing like true champions. Batting first after winning the toss against the Windward Islands, the Guyanese racked up 199-9 off their 50 overs.

The opening pair of Junior Sinclair (25) and Robin Williams (38) laid a solid foundation for the home team, adding 77 before Demerara Cricket Club lefthander Sachin Singh anchored the innings with a crafty 45.

Additionally, Kevlon Anderson contributed 37, while off-spinner Jahseon Alexander snared 4-41 for the Windward Islands. St. Lucian left-arm orthodox spinner Simeon Gerson supported well, with 3-54.

The Islanders were in for a rude awakening as they were sent packing for 101 in 38.1 overs,

Guyana Inc. - Issue 18 | Page 42

courtesy of some disciplined bowling led by left-arm spinner and player-of-the-match Kevlon Umroa, who snatched 5-32.

Fast bowler Haifa Walters was the perfect foil for Umroa, with 2-5. The Windward Islands players were never allowed to get into stride by the Guyanese who kept the stranglehold on their opponents from the first to the final delivery of the innings.

Only opening batsman DhanRaj Cepal was able to handle what the young Guyanese had to offer with the top score of 35 from 101 balls. The only other batters into double figures were Rene Montoute with 12, and Razim Elehie, 11.

SUMMARY OF THE EARLIER ROUNDS Guyana campaign did not get off to the best of starts, because rain ruined their opening encounter against Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) at Albion, similar to the case at Enmore between Barbados and the Leeward Islands.

Windward Islands had the advantage of playing three of the five scheduled games at the National Stadium, arguably the fastest drying ground in the Caribbean, and they made the most of the opportunity: they toppled Jamaica by 46 runs.

In round two, the home team finally got an opportunity to showcase their skills, and wasted little time in disposing the Leeward Islands. The Islanders took first strike and were skittled for 90. Only Paul Miller negotiated

The destroyers against Jamaica. From left Qumar Torrington, Ashmead Nedd, Alphius Bookie and Haifa Walters.

the bowling with any degree of success; he made 20.

Pacer Alphius Bookie picked up 3-8 while Qumar Torrington and Haifa Walters had two each.

Sachin Singh led Guyana’s run chase with a score, Guyana replied with 94-3 in 24.4 overs.

Barbados thumped Jamaica by seven wickets at Albion. There was no play at Enmore between T&T and Windward Islands after overnight rain left the outfield waterlogged.

In round three, T&T defeated Jamaica by nine wickets on the Duckworth/Lewis method.

Batting first, Jamaica was sent packing with 125 in 40.1 overs.

T&T replied with 125-1 in 34.3 overs.

Windwards got the better of Leewards by 18 runs. Windwards took first strike and were bowled out for 118 in 47.4 overs. Leewards were limited to 100 in 40.4 overs in reply. The Guyana and Barbados encounter was rained out at Everest.

Round four play saw Guyana handing their counterparts from Jamaica one of the worst defeats in the history of the competition.

The home team hammered Jamaica by nine wickets at the Albion Community Center Ground in Berbice.

Leading from the front was Captain Ashmead Nedd who snared 3-3, while Alphius Bookie (2-2), Qumar Torrington (2-7) and Haifa Walters (2-14) backed up well. Jamaica was sent back to the pavilion for a mere 27. Guyana replied with 28-1 in 7.5 overs.

Windward Islands’ winning streak continued as they thumped

Barbados by five wickets at the National Stadium. Barbados took first strike and posted 201-8; the Windwards responded with 2045. There was no play at Everest between T&T and Leewards due to rain.

At the closing ceremony, the Windward Islands dominated the individual awards. One of the tournament’s brightest prospects, Kimani Melius, received the awards for being Leading Run Scorer and for the Highest Individual Score. Jason Alexander took the accolade for taking the Most Wickets, while Tahj Tavernier received the prize for the Most Dismissals by a Wicket-Keeper.

Barbados was given the Most Disciplined Team trophy, while Nyeem Young (Barbados) was adjudged the Best All-Rounder.

Speaking at the closing ceremony held at the historical and once world famous, Georgetown Cricket Club, Director of Sport, Christopher Jones, informed that Guyana’s government is committed to the development of sport.

Jones also took time out to congratulate the Guyana team on their achievement of retaining the championship. The home team ended with 19.5 points, while runner-up Windward Islands managed 18.2.

Guyana Cricket Board (GCB) President, Drubahadur thanked the WICB for affording Guyana the opportunity to host the competition, pointing out that he was impressed with the talent of the players whom he urged to take the game seriously.