Food Waste - Facts, Figures, Problems & Solutions by Gwen Powell

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Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

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Food Waste - Summary

Table of Contents

The Problem with Food Waste Facts & Figures Government Regulations Collection Landfill Ban Challenges to the AD Sector Alternative Technologies to treat Food Waste

Extracts from DEFRA's website

5 5 5 5 5 5 14 14

Animal By-Products Regulations (ABPR)

Disposal of Waste Foods

What are Animal By Products? ABP - Rules & Regulations What is catering waste?

Flowchart explaining the correct disposal of Food Waste containing ABP (out-of-date but good guideline) Flowchart explaining Animal By-Products Regulations (out-of-date but good guideline)

Extracts from various WRAP reports Comparing the cost of alternative waste treatment options Treatment Options for all Waste Gate Fees 2010 - treatment cost per tonne

14 17 17

20 20

20 26

Food Waste - UK Facts & Figures Commercial AD Plants What does the future hold for AD?

Extract from Oxford Brookes University booklet Waste Counts

Summary of findings How much is too much? What's in the bin?

Publication by Imperial College London on a study carried out at HM Prison Morton Hall In-Vessel Composting of Food Waste - A Catering Waste Management Solution An economic evaluation identified savings on previous practices of ÂŁ12,000 per annum

kompost - on-site food waste solutions

Vermicomposting (Worm Composting) Rank plc in Maidenhead's compost bins softcat Ltd in Marlow's tea bag composting In-Vessel Composting (ABPR compliant) Aston University's Rocket Composter Shughborough Estate's (National Trust) Rocket Composter - treating phytophthora pathogen

Introducing Tidy Planet

Bank of America Case Study Showing a saving of ÂŁ30,000 per annum

3 Other Case Studies Cotehele National Trust Salford University Conway Centre

32 32 32

38 38 38

38 42 43

42 42 49 49 49 49

49 52 55

55 55 58 58

Rocket Composter

A500 Rocket spec sheet (River Cottage) A700 Rocket spec sheet A900 Rocket spec sheet A12 Rocket spec sheet (British Petroleum)

67 67 75 67 75

Waste Disposal Units (WDUs) / Food Waste Disposers / Macerators

Ecofast Dehydra dewatering solution Dehydra spec sheet GAIA Food Waste Dryers

81 81 89

Consequences Environment Agency's Position Statement on WDUs

79 79

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The problem with food waste Food Waste going to Landfill creates methane which is 25% more harmful to the environment

than carbon monoxide

ÂŠ Gwen Powell 2010

Facts & Figures It is estimated that in the UK alone almost 17

million tonnes of food

waste is generated (WRAP figures 2010), made up of:

6.7 million tonnes of household waste

4.1 million tonnes of industrial waste 4.6 million tonnes of food service and supermarket waste 1.3 million tonnes of commercial and agricultural food waste

ÂŠ Gwen Powell 2010

Government Regulations The EU Landfill Directive, and announcement in the 2010 Chancellor’s Budget that Landfill Tax will increase drastically in the next couple of years -> reaching as much as £80 per ton in 2014/2015, has important implications for waste handling and waste disposal in the UK.

To comply with the Government Landfill Directive, all UK businesses are required to pre-treat their general non-hazardous waste before it goes to landfill – one of the ways to comply with this is to segregate waste at source, i.e. to separate recyclables – cardboard, paper, steel and aluminium cans, plastic and glass bottles.

Further segregating biodegradable waste (i.e. food waste) could reduce the total volume of waste by up to 35%. © Gwen Powell 2010

Collection Separate collection of food waste is rare and expensive; where it exists, the service uses existing transport and infrastructure.

The majority of UK authorities collect food waste together with municipal waste; estimates made in 2007 put the amount of food waste collected separately, for either composting or anaerobic digestion, at only 2% of what is available.

It has been suggested that given its proportion of the waste stream and the lack of distinct collections, food waste is not currently being targeted appropriately. ÂŠ Gwen Powell 2010

Landfill Ban Government is consulting, subject to further analysis, on the introduction of further restrictions on the landfilling of biodegradable wastes and recyclable materials. Before Government can impose such restrictions they need to make sure that the necessary alternative waste treatment facilities are in place. DEFRA sees Anaerobic Digestion plants (AD), to treat Food Waste, as the answer but there are many challenges.

ÂŠ Gwen Powell 2010

Challenges to the AD sector (extracted from an article by Peter Baker, managing director, BioSep Limited) Aside from technical issues related to the pre-treatment and processing of the food waste there are other challenges.

At the recent annual WRAP conference held in London, David Palmer Jones, chief executive of Sita, highlighted planning as the key challenge for the sector. He suggested that there may be a need for more of a centralised approach to improve the process. Currently the impression is that local authorities own the planning process.

There is also a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nimbyâ&#x20AC;? (Not-in-my-back-yard) attitude to anything waste related.

There would be a need for an average of one planning permission per week for the next 10 years in the UK to provide enough waste treatment facilities. ÂŠ Gwen Powell 2010

Alternative Technologies to treat Food Waste on-site solutions to treat relative volumes of food waste, as promoted by kompost™

Solution

ABP Compliant

Annual Volumes

Vermicomposting

not ABP compliant

up to ½ tonne

In-Vessel Composting

ABP compliant

no upper limit

Food Waste Drying*

ABP compliant

no upper limit

* in combination with a biomass boiler, to generate energy

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

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defra

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Animal By-Products Regulations (ABPR)

What are Animal By-Products?

defra

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Animal By-Products (ABPs) are entire animal bodies, parts of animals, products of animal origin or other products obtained from animals that

are not fit or intended for human consumption. They must be dealt with in accordance with strict regulations designed to prevent harm to people, animals and the environment.

ABP â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Rules & Regulations

EU rules for Animal By-Products are to be revised to create a more riskproportionate approach to controls on animal by-products. The Regulation will come into force on 4 March 2011 to give time for detailed rules to be agreed under implementing legislation.

Defra has completed its final Consultation on the Proposed New Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011, which will come

into force at the same time and replace the current Animal By-Products Regulations 2005 (SI 2005 No. 2347).

What is Catering Waste?

defra

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Catering waste means all waste food (including used cooking oils)

originating in canteens, restaurants, catering facilities and kitchens, including domestic kitchens and falls under EWC (European Waste Catalogue) code 20 01 08.

You can no longer feed catering waste, including used cooking oil, to animals.

The use of catering waste to produce compost and biogas is becoming more common as pressure on landfill and the associated costs increase.

defra

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Disposal of Waste Foods

This flowchart is now out-of-date (Dec 2010) but still a very good guideline. EU rules for Animal By-Products are to be revised to create a more risk-proportionate approach to controls on animal by-products. The new Regulation will come into force on 4 March 2011.

Disposal of Waste Foods Containing Animal By-products Retail, Manufacturing and Distribution

Catering CafĂŠ / Restaurant / Takeaway

e.g Supermaket / Corner Shop / Butcher / Baker / Cash & Carry / Sandwich Manufacturer

Packaging

Waste Food

Catering Waste

Separate* Empty or emptied (clean)

Cooked

Raw meat / fish / eggs Contaminated packaging

Separate from any Animal By-products stored for collection*

Manufacturing & butchery waste

Raw & cooked catering waste

Uncooked and lightly cooked meat, fish and poultry products

Landfill

Landfill Collection by usual Waste Collection Services (including Local Authority)

Landfill

Collection

Collection Specialist collection by transporter for rendering / incineration / composting / biogas digestion

Landfill

8Note If your premises produces waste for both collection & landfill then you must keep these separate at all times

Animal By-products Regulations Category 3 Material:- ABP • Approved incinerator • Approved rendering plant • Approved technical plant • Approved composting or biological plant • Authorised feeding to animals e.g. zoo etc • Approved pet food plant

‘Fresh or frozen’ that need cooking before eating e.g. raw meat, trimmings, fat, bones, uncooked sausages, burgers, chickens, other poultry, game, eggs & contaminated packaging. Unsold fruit & veg, peelings, cabbage leaves & wilted products. Tea bags, peelings, uneaten food, cakes, bread, bacon, beans, rinds, meat, bones, chops, sausages, tomatoes, milk,ice cream, pastries, pizzas & used cooking oil. ‘All Products’ Clean cardboard boxes, plastic, snap wrap, clothes & cellophane.

‘Fresh or frozen’ that need cooking before eating e.g. raw fish, contaminated packaging & w.e.f 1/1/06 smoked salmon & sashimi.

Supermarket, Corner Shop

*Butchery

*Fish

*Bakery

Biscuits Fruit & Veg

Tinned & Packet Food Pet Food

Cafe

Cardboard packaging

*HACCP Procedure

*Deli

Cooked fish/products, cooked prawns, dressed crabs, lobsters & mussels. Bread, biscuits, cakes, pasta, chocolate, sweets & other products that contain ingredients that are of animal origin e.g. eggs, rennet, milk, melted fats or lard, which are not a main ingredient. (Providing that none has been in contact with meat etc, can be fed to livestock)

Store

w.e.f 1/1/06 Prepacked, fresh or frozen, former foodstuffs, containing raw meat, fish or poultry that requires cooking before eating. Raw eggs.

Cooked ham & cooked pies

Prepacked meat, fish & poultry products that are fully pre-cooked. Ready meals where meat, fish or poultry is pre-cooked. Sandwiches

Catering waste Parma & Serrano ham, Salami & smoked salmon.

Can go to landfill

-----------

Feed to pigs, poultry & other animals

14--------------- '

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W fop

Material. change for a better environment

Comparing the cost of alternative

waste treatment options

Gate Fees Report 2010

DT10

wrop

Material change for a better environment

WRAPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision is a world without waste, where resources are used

sustainably. We work with businesses and individuals to help them reap the

benefits of reducing waste, develop sustainable products and use resources in an efficient way.

Find out more at www.wrap.org.uk

Material. change for a better environment

Treatment Options for all Waste

WICV

Material change for a better environment

Treatment options for all waste: Treatment

Material

MRF

Materials Recycling Facility

Paper/card/plastic bottles/cans

Composting

Open-air windrow (OAW)

Green/Garden Waste (no ABP)

In-vessel (IV)

Mixed food and green/garden waste (APB) A

Anaerobic digestion (AD)

Organic matter â&#x20AC;&#x201C;> agricultural waste, food waste (ABP), industrial waste, etc

Landfill

Residual waste

Incineration

Energy from Waste Plant (EfW)

Organic & Inorganic

MBT

Mechanical Biological Treatment

Combination of pre-sorting with composting or AD

I I I

Material. change for a better environment

Gate Fees â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2010 treatment cost per tonne

WIC-4)

Material change for a better environment

Summary information on gate fees: Treatment

Grade / material / type of facility

MRF

Paper/card/plastic bottles/cans

Composting

Open-air windrow (OAW) In-vessel (IV)

Anaerobic digestion (AD)

Landfill

Gate fee only Gate fee plus Landfill Tax

Incineration

Existing facilities Planned facilities Current market estimate

MBT

Combination of pre-sorting with composting or AD

Median

I I I I I I I I I

£33 £24 £45 £57 £22 £70 £49 £92 £75

Range

I I I 1 1 1 1 I

-£5 to £42 £11 to £51 £26 to £104 £50 to £90 £11 to £44 £59 to £92 £32 to £79 £78 to £109 £85 to £120 -

I I I I I I I I

Material. change for a better environment

Food Waste â&#x20AC;&#x201C; UK Facts & Figures

DT10

wrop

Material change for a better environment

Food Waste â&#x20AC;&#x201C; UK Facts & Figures: It is estimated that in the UK alone almost 17

commercial & agricultural = 1.3 tonnes

million tonnes of food waste is generated

annually, made up of: industrial = 4.1 tonnes

food service & supermarket = 4.6 tonnes

household = 6.7 tonnes

Material change for a better environment

Commercial AD Plants

WICV

Material change for a better environment

Commercial AD Plants 

There are currently 11 AD plants operating within the UK with a further 7 AD plants in build



The AD plants in operation has a

•

•.Belfast

total capacity of 440,000 tonnes 

Plants in build will have a further

capacity of ± 400,000 tonnes

:o Nor •

"r." y,Aw...1, •

? LA.,

0.10,W Am C,

Corcrrff

•

FC, n n.,-,0

Chelmsford LohdOn Q

, eamrthrld on'Sea

vy,,,k,w,. 1,07 1, 10f1

= 840,000 tonnes in total

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Material. change for a better environment

What does the future hold for AD?

wrop

Material change for a better environment

Expected growth – what we know



There are currently over 50 AD plants holding planning permission or within the planning system, totalling over 2 million tonnes of capacity



We have almost 17 million tonnes to deal with



NO guarantees that any of these AD plants will be built

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

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kompostgwen

WASTE COUNTS OXFORD

BROOKES UNIVERSITY

MEM

why= 44 HcIMA 1. 111, 1 111if 0111114.111

This booklet has been produced by: Matt Todd & Rebecca Hawkins Centre for Environmental Studies in the Hospitality Industry Department of Hospitality, Leisure & Tourism Management Business School Oxford Brookes University Headington OXFORD OX3 0BP Phone: 01865 483894 e-mail: ceshi@brookes.ac.uk This brochure is printed on non-bleached 100% recycled paper.

A Handbook for Accommodation Operators

Summary of findings: • Businesses pay twice to dispose of their waste: -> when they purchase in the form of packaging

-> when they pay to dispose of it • Also hidden costs in the form of: -> staff costs in handling and removal of waste

= waste disposal alone can cost as much as £110 per tonne • Cost to the environment = 90,000 tonnes of hospitality waste being sent to landfill sites across the UK each year • By prudent purchasing, replacing disposable items with re-useable ones, and using alternative waste disposal routes such as composting you could reduce your disposal charges considerably

How much is TOO much: • The UK Government is seeking to reduce waste being sent to landfill • This has far-reaching implications for businesses • Landfill Tax is set to keep on rising

• Businesses are not directly billed for Landfill Tax -> their waste disposal contractor pays the tax, but passes the additional costs on in the form of higher waste disposal bills • A medium hotel (80 bed) with NO recycling or other waste minimisation strategies in place could add as much as £900 to their annual waste disposal bill (an increase of 17%)

• Even without the additional landfill tax, such a hotel would be spending an excessive amount on their waste disposal. • A hotel that implements a programme to reduce the volume of disposable products in use, and that recycles basic materials such as glass and paper and composts vegetable matter, could reduce its total waste disposal bill by as much as 60%. = the equivalent of £3,000 per annum in an 80 room hotel, i.e. selling an additional 30 rooms at £100 per night

What's in the Bin? B&B

Guesthouse

Hotel

Pub

Paper

20.31

13.66

11.93

6.96

Cardboard

9.95

7.68

7.16

Glass

12.47

14.55

10.16

32.13

Steel &Aluminium (cans & tins)

3.38

2.01

4.82

2.45

Sub-totals

46.1

37.9

34.07

51.54

Plastic (containers and film)

14.94

10.84

8.54

6.91

Food waste

28.38

39.2

53.83

31.1

Other

10.57

12.06

3.56

10.45

Total %

100

Category

Source: adapted from "Waste Counts" compiled by Oxford Brookes University Business School (http://www.business.brookes.ac.uk/research/files/WasteCounts.pdf)

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

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Gomez et al., In-Vessel Composting Of Food Waste – A Catering Waste Management Solution

In-Vessel Composting Of Food Waste – A Catering Waste Management Solution MGC Gomez1, SM Grimes1,* and D Moore2 1 Centre for Environmental Control & Waste Management, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK 2

Business Development Manager, Imperial Machine Company, Unit 1, Abbey Road, Wrexham Industrial Estate, Wrexham, LL13 9RF, UK

* Corresponding author: s.grimes@imperial.ac.uk

Abstract An economically viable system for converting catering food waste into a high quality compost has been developed. The scientific and technical requirements for composting, with food waste as the main feedstock, and fully compliant with EU regulations, to give a marketable product is described. Chemical and physical analyses of catering food waste show that it does not have the correct composition or consistent particle size for direct use as a composting feedstock. For food waste specifically there is also a requirement to achieve high temperatures in the composting process for long enough to destroy any pathogens present. The conversion of food waste to a high grade compost has been achieved in this work by a combination of macerating and dewatering to homogenize the feedstock and reduce the water content, with the addition of a carbon-rich bulking agent to achieve the correct C:N ratio and absorb any excess of water in a closed in-vessel composter. The composting process in a catering establishment trial was completed after 34 weeks without external heating giving a product that had been treated at sufficiently high temperatures to ensure pathogenic depletion to give a high quality product measured against BSI PAS 100 standards.

Key words In-vessel composting, catering waste, food waste

1. INTRODUCTION Biological treatment, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, is seen as a means of diverting biodegradable waste from landfill. In the European Union, for example, the Landfill Directive 1999 (European Parliament, 1999) sets targets for the reduction in disposal of biodegradable wastes to landfill and the Animal By-products Regulations 2002 (European Parliament, 2002) prevent the use of any food waste containing meat in animal feedstuffs. The Landfill Directive in particular seeks to limit the disposal of biodegradable waste to landfill and sets targets to achieve a reduction from 1995 levels to 75% of the 1995 level by 2006, 50% of the 1995 level

Food waste represents a fraction of the biodegradable waste that historically has received less attention although it is the most likely waste stream to contaminate other waste fractions and has been the major contributor to methane production in landfill. Composting and other biological treatment technologies are not new but have not often been applied to the treatment of food waste because of health concerns relating to the spread of diseases and negative public perception (Gray 2006)

to include its segregation at source. Mason (2004) highlighted the importance of waste segregation for effective post-collection treatments and indicated that particle homogenization would probably have to be applied to the wastes prior to the biodegradation process. The success of any biological process using food waste as raw material also depends on the marketability of the product and The British Standard Institution’s Publicly Available Specification for Composted Materials (BSI PAS 100) standard, launched in 2003 represents a suitable reference for good quality compost.

It is widely accepted that future treatments of food waste will have

The recovery of commercially viable products from catering wastes is

by 2009 and 35% of the 1995 level by 2016.

Gomez et al., In-Vessel Composting Of Food Waste – A Catering Waste Management Solution

important because it would lead to a major diversion of biodegradable material from final disposal processes such as landfill and incineration. The key issues in the production of compost, however, are related to the quality of the product rather than the content of the main feedstock. The economics of any composting product will therefore depend critically on the methodology used to convert the basic feedstock to a quality end-product.

is 2-2.7l/kg of food waste. The macerator is connected by a gravity feed to a dewaterer where the ground waste enters a system comprising a screening metal with orifices of 3mm diameter and a helicoidal bar which pushes the solid fraction through the orifices.

We now report on the development of a closed-loop in-vessel composting methodology using catering food waste as the basic feedstock leading to a high quality product without the need for bacterial innoculation.

Ash and volatile matter contents were obtained following the American Standard 2540E: Fixed and Volatile Solids ignited at 550ºC method (APHA, 2006) by treating the dry matter at 550°C for 2 hours.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents were analysed by NRM Laboratories Ltd using standard organic micro-analytical procedures on dried samples ground to pass a 1mm screen.

2.1 Characterisation of food waste

Samples of macerated and dewatered food waste from two different catering sources were collected and characterized. Full analyses were carried out on samples from a university catering outlet (15 samples collected over a four month period, with an approximate weight of 20kg per sample before maceration and dewatering) to represent a typical food waste from a catering establishment. Sample analyses from the kitchens at HM Prison Morton Hall, where the composting trials were carried out, included only water content, dry matter content, carbon and nitrogen, mainly for determining the C:N ratio. Analysis of the product compost, from the trials does, however, reflect the nutrient and heavy metal contents of the food waste itself. Pretreatment for characterisation involved passing the as-received samples through a maceratordewaterer supplied by Imperial Machine Company Ltd (IMC), Wrexham, Wales) to separate liquids from the solid fractions. The macerator is designed to improve hygiene standards in handling kitchen waste, by treating food waste quickly avoiding odours and crosscontamination with food intended for human consumption. The average water consumption of the macerator

(ICP-ES) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy using a Perkin Elmer 2380 spectrometer. The analytical data for the food waste samples are in Table 1. 2.2 Composting field trial at HMP Morton Hall

Water and dry matter contents were obtained by heating weighed samples at 105°C for 24 hours and determining weight loss.

The composting trials were carried out at Her Majesty’s Prison Morton Hall Swinderby, Lincoln, as an example of many institutions with similar food waste treatment problems including hospitals, care homes, schools, universities, motorway service areas, military bases, hotels, airports, medium and large corporate canteens, etc. The Morton Hall Facility serves 710 meals a day, and produces 1 tonne of food waste per week. The system used is shown schematically in Figure 1. An in-vessel composter (Big Hanna In-Vessel Composter Model T75) was used in the trial to treat the dewatered and homogenized feedstock obtained from the catering waste. This composter, (length 2.90m, width 1.08m and height 1.55m), consists of a horizontally orientated rotating cylinder with fixed stationary rear and front ends, and an air circulation

Nutrient and heavy metal element analyses were carried out on a digestate prepared following The British Standard ISO 11466:1995 method (BSI, 1995). The elemental contents of the digestate were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy

Water

Plate and Kitchen I Food Waste

Macerator I I Gravity Feed

I;c-Waterer —0. Water stream

Solid Fraction II

I I—a. Conn p-usT —..Maturation I 4

Bulking agent —N. 1 I

— — — --I

Use on prison farm Closed loop solution

Figure 1: schematic of the in-vessel composting process of food waste

Gomez et al., In-Vessel Composting Of Food Waste â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Catering Waste Management Solution

ventilation system. The cylinder with feedstock content is rotated and the material is turned over and ventilated periodically. Processed material is automatically emptied into a product vessel. The number of cylinder rotations, length of waiting time between sets of rotations, length of rotation periods, ventilation intensity, and feedstock level can be varied depending upon the amount and the composition of waste material. The composter can accept a maximum load of 325kg (depending on the filling level set) per week, and has an energy consumption of 1.4MJ per day. Wood pellets, of length up to 4cm and 8mm diameter, were used as bulking agent in the production of the compost. The wood pellets displayed the following characteristics as specified by the supplier: C~50.1%; N~0.1%; with C:N ratio of ~500:1; dry matter content ~91.5 %; bulk density ~650kg/m3; ash content <0.7 %. After a residence time in the in-vessel composter of up to 8 weeks, the output compost was removed and placed in a pile in a greenhouse for maturation. In order to determine the optimum curing time of the compost and to characterise the compost according to BSI PAS100 standards, a new pile of output compost was set up each month, from which samples were taken for analysis. 2.3 Monitoring of composting process The weights of input food waste and bulking agent and of output, compost, were monitored daily along with temperature, pH, oxygen and methane. Temperature readings were taken once a day through the length of the composter (at five sampling points). Methane formation and oxygen content were measured at the start-up stage (first 9 weeks) using a BW Gas Alert Micro Probe, with probe ranges for methane of 0-5% and for oxygen of 0-25%. These measurements were helpful to

optimise the operating conditions of the process. After stabilisation of the process, further monitoring was not necessary. Carbon dioxide and ammonia analyses were carried out on the compost samples using a Solvita Compost Maturity Test Kit to determine the rate of biodegradation. In the early stages of the trials, oxygen, methane and pH were monitored to identify any inefficiency of the composting process and to assess ventilation settings. Ammonia has a direct influence on the pH of the composting mix and because high pH inhibits biodegradation, the presence of ammonia in the gases may indicate a low C:N ratio or an excess of moisture. The test consists of gel paddles that change color depending on rates of emissions of carbon dioxide and ammonia, assigning carbon dioxide and ammonia indices. With those values, the sample is given an overall index of maturity. The index ranges from 1 to 8, with 1 and 2 being raw compost and 7 and 8 representing finished compost.

should be typical of those from any catering establishment. The C:N ratios of the food wastes are too low to sustain aerobic digestion and for this reason a bulking agent must be added to increase the ratio. Any potassium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium contents of the food wastes will be beneficial to the composting process because they are essential nutrient elements. The heavy metal content of the food waste feedstock, which will be carried through to the final product, is low. 3.2 HMP Morton Hall trials In a 34-week trial of composting of food waste at HMP Morton Hall, 4602kg of macerated and dewatered food waste was treated with 1080kg of bulking agent. Contrary to the composter guidelines, a 4:1 ratio of waste:bulking agent was found to be the optimum to enhance the C:N ratio in the grinder-dewaterercomposter system. The weight of the final compost obtained was 1900kg representing a reduction in mass from waste food to final product of over 60%.

Solid samples from the composting mix were collected at five different points equidistant along the length of the composter and analysed to obtain the C:N ratio and water content. Samples were also collected periodically at the output of the composter to characterise the compost by similar methods to those used to characterise the food waste feedstock and to determine whether any pathogens remain in the final product. Pathogens were determined by methods consistent with the BSI PAS 100 specification for composted materials.

The temperatures recorded daily at five points (A to E along the length of the composter with A near the input point and E near the output point) are shown in Figure 2.

Monthly samples were taken from all maturation piles to assess and determine optimum curing time before the compost could be used.

Full analyses of the output compost are compared in Table 2 with the BSI PAS100 standard limits, and the results of pathogen analyses are in Table 3. The final compost falls well within the PAS 100 standard, and in particular, shows good plant germination and growth, lack of weed growth and absence of pathogens.

3. RESULTS

3.1 Food waste characterisation The results of the analysis of macerated food wastes in Table 1

The maturation of the output compost was followed on the basis of carbon dioxide and ammonia emissions that measure the continued effects of biological activity in the compost. The results showed that, after the 6-8 weeks in the in-vessel process, full maturation of the compost was achieved within a five month period.

CWRM, March 2008: Volume 9(1) pp. 19-23: ÂŠ2008 IWM Business Services Ltd

Gomez et al., In-Vessel Composting Of Food Waste – A Catering Waste Management Solution

Constituent Dry Matter (%) Water (%) Ash (%) Volatile Matter (%) Total Carbon Total Nitrogen Fe (mg kg-1 dry matter) K (mg kg-1 dry matter) P (mg kg-1 dry matter) Mg (mg kg-1 dry matter) Mn (mg kg-1 dry matter) Ni (mg kg-1 dry matter) Cd (mg kg-1 dry matter) Pb (mg kg-1 dry matter) Cr (mg kg-1 dry matter) Cu (mg kg-1 dry matter) Zn (mg kg-1 dry matter) C:N Ratio

Mean 23.3 76.7 1.7 98.3 50.1 4.4 47 5200 9.2 620 5.1 2.8 0.6 2.8 1.2 5.4 41 12:1

Standard Deviation 2.3 2.3 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 12 1700 5.4 270 1.2 1.7 0.2 1.5 0.9 1.1 14 1

Table 1: analysis of typical food wastes

4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS The ideal feedstock composition for the manufacture of a high quality compost is (a) a C:N ratio of 25-30:1, which is required for optimum growth of the bacteria involved in the biochemical reactions involved and (b) a water content of about 60%. Catering food waste is not, in itself, a suitable feedstock for in-vessel composting partly because it is a heterogeneous mixture with a wide range of particle sizes but also because the C:N ratio in the waste at about 11:1 is far below the ideal ratio of 25-30:1

and the water content at 77% is also higher than the optimum. For food waste specifically there is also a requirement to achieve high temperatures in the composting process for long enough to destroy any pathogens present. The conversion of food waste to a high grade compost has, however, been achieved in this work by a combination of grinding and dewatering to homogenize the feedstock and reduce the water content with the addition of a carbon-rich bulking agent to achieve the correct C:N ratio and absorb any

MI ,

The analytical data for the resulting matured compost (Tables 2 and 3) show that the compost meets the highest quality standard set in the BSI PAS 100 (2005) standard. The pathogenic analysis in particular show consistency in the depletion of E.coli and salmonella as required by the standard and the heavy metal contents of the compost are significantly lower than the threshold limits specified in the standard. The economic benefits of the invessel composting process arise from savings in (i) landfill costs (ii) zero food waste collection costs (iii) administration costs of food waste disposal (iv) the need to purchase compost for on-site horticultural operations and (v) vermin control charges. An economic evaluation of the composting system at HMP Morton Hall identified savings on previous practices of £12 000 per annum

5 CONCLUSION

0 1 2 3 444444 M 4 4 12 13 W IF M 1111 12 IF 24 II t2 IJ 24 24 24 i 7 >b B. .10 51 32 10 Si

Week Figure 2: temperature profile recorded in the in-vessel composter during the 34-week-long trial

excess of water in a closed in-vessel composter. The composting process was operated over a period of 34 weeks without external heating because the microbiological activity in the biodegradation generated sufficient heat to maintain the process. The temperatures in the composter took four weeks to breach the 60oC barrier, the maximum temperature achieved was over 70oC, and after the tenth week the averagetemperature trend stabilised to permit the production of a consistent product. Temperature measurements along the length of the composter (Figure 2) show that the temperature exceeds the requirements for pathogen destruction maintaining 60oC for a period of two days. The composting trial was completed after 34 weeks giving a consistent product throughout, that had been treated at sufficiently high temperatures to ensure pathogenic depletion.

Diversion of food waste from landfill to composting would help to meet Government targets to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste sent to landfill as required by the

Gomez et al., In-Vessel Composting Of Food Waste – A Catering Waste Management Solution

Constituent Dry Matter (%) Water (%) Total Carbon Total Nitrogen Fe (mg kg-1 dry matter) K (mg kg-1 dry matter) P (mg kg-1 dry matter) Mg (mg kg-1 dry matter) Ca (mg kg-1 dry matter) Na (mg kg-1 dry matter) Ni (mg kg-1 dry matter) Cd (mg kg-1 dry matter) Pb (mg kg-1 dry matter) Cr (mg kg-1 dry matter) Cu (mg kg-1 dry matter) Zn (mg kg-1 dry matter) Hg (mg kg-1 dry matter) C:N Ratio CO2 stability (mg g-1) (Organic Matter per day) Weeds growing (number) Glass, metal and plastic contamination (% of air-dried sample<2mm) Stones in mulch (% of air dried sample <4mm) Stones in other than mulch (% of air dried sample) Test plants germinated (% of control) Test plant top growth (g as a % of control)

Mean 59 41 50.6 1.51 284 5780 2107 592 4705 5860 0.9 0.1 1.5 0.32 6.0 139 <0.05 33:1 5.3 0 0 0 0 93.3 142.8

BSI PAS 100 limit 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.2

1700 5.4 270 1.2 50 1.5 200 100 200 400 1 1 16 0 0.5 16 8 80 80

Table 2: full analysis of compost compared with BSI PAS 100 standard limits

Landfill Directive 1999 and would contribute to an effective reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The composition of a typical food waste and particularly the C:N ratio and water content is not ideal for production of a high quality compost but the system described in this work shows how these problems can be overcome and with an appropriate temperature regime leads to a high quality compost. The composting process fulfils all of the operational requirements imposed by the Animal By-Products Regulations 2005, which ensures that the product compost does not pose any health risk, and the quality of the compost obtained conforms with the Standards for Composted Materials BSI:PAS100, which guarantees the marketability of the product. The composting process developed in this study is readily transferable to all institutions and commercial operations with similar catering facilities and to source separated municipal wastes.

Pathogen Salmonella E Coli (cfu g-1)

Measurement Negative <10

BSI PAS 100 Limit Absent in 25 g 1000

Table 3: pathogen analyses compared with BSI PAS100 Standard Limits

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We wish to thank the staff of HMP Morton Hall for their support.

REFERENCES APHA (2006) American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. Standard Method 2540E: for fixed and volatile solids ignited at 550ºC. www.standard methods.org. BSI (1995) BSI ISO 11466:1995 Soil quality, chemical methods. Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia. European Parliament (1999) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste.

Official Journal L 182 , 16/07/1999 pp0001-0019. European Parliament (2002) Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 of the European parliament and of the council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules concerning animal byproducts not intended for human consumption. Official Journal L 273 , 10/10/2002, pp 0001-0095. Gray D (2006) Capturing public imagination, Waste Management World 2006 7(6) NovemberDecember, pp 75-80. Mason IG, Oberender A Brooking AK (2004) Source separation and potential re-use of resource residuals at a university campus. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2004, 40 pp155-72.

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kompostgwen

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

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kompostgwen

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gwenpowell74

kompostgwen

速

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

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kompostgwen

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

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kompostgwen

Tidy Planet Limited The Food Waste Experts

Food Waste – ROI Case Study Bank of America - Chester • • • • • • • •

•

Call Centre – Chester – 4000 employees On site catering facilities in five buildings serving 3 meals / day Average of 0.25 litres / day food waste generated / person Food Waste Disposers in 3 locations with FWDs connected to drains 2 x 16 cubic yard REL skips at main catering facility emptied daily All waste in the REL skips is land-filled as contaminated by food waste <10% by vol. of food waste included in the skips. Issues reported where FWD’s situated – Blocked drains and grease traps, excessive water usage to try and carry food down drains to avoid blockages. Drains and grease traps blocked regularly, high water bills – Costly, inconvenient, un-sustainable Infrastructure in place for mixed dry recyclables to be segregated and sent to a MRF.

Original waste management strategy • • • • •

Daily collection of REL’s @ £40 / collection (£400/Week) = £20,800 / year Disposal charges rising at 15% /year – doubled in the last 5 years Running costs for macerators – 21,000 litres / day = £9,650 per year Drain clearing costs - £ 260 / call out = £1,560 / year (average) Grease trap emptying charges - £180 / visit = £1,800 / year (average)

• • • •

Recycling rate of less than 40% Large Carbon Foot Print due to waste vehicle movements 4000+ Tonnes of CO2e generated by disposal of food waste to drain and landfill Waste management strategy in place but not meeting ISO 14001 requirements

Project costs and ROI •

Chosen solution • • •

3 x de-waterers for existing FWDs = £21,000 A900 Rocket Composter to treat all de-watered food waste (4000 – 5000 litres/week) = £21,945 Extended warranty and service contract for 5 years = £5,600

•

TOTAL Investment = £48,545

•

Savings and ROI • Annual savings = £30,563 • Payback on capital investment = 1.58 years

•

Costs reduced and other benefits • • • • • • • •

15,750 litres of water/day saved by use of de-waterers = £7,243 SAVING / YEAR General waste from catering now dealt with as mixed recyclate = £20,800 SAVING / YEAR Drain clearing and grease trap emptying visits reduced = £2,520 SAVING / YEAR Mixed recyclates from catering now sent to MRF not landfill – recycling rates now 90+% REL’s removed from site altogether – 10 skip collections / week eliminated ISO 14001 requirements being met Improved CSR policy due to recycling initiative and food waste composting No compost bought in for use on site as all garden needs met by compost produced on site

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TIDY PLANET

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Cotehele National Trust Background For some time the National Trust has been assessing the risk climate change poses to its houses, gardens, coast and countryside as well as their impact on the wider environment. Cotehele National Trust includes a mill, 15 century chapel and Cotehele Quay. They receive around 100,000 visitors a year to its Barn Restaurant and Edgcumbe Arms Tearoom. Toby Fox, National Trust Property Manager for Cotehele, said, “We are all concerned about the threat of climate change and as an environmental charity we are doing as much as we can to reduce our own carbon footprint.”

The problem Cotehele’s restaurant and tearoom whilst using fresh, seasonal, un-processed and locally grown produce also generates 500 – 600 litres of food and organic waste. Their mission became to re-cycle all food on site, reduce the need for buying compost, not use labour intensive methods and increase awareness of composting to visitors and the local community.

The Solution Cotehele approached us after researching the least labour intensive re-cycling solutions and our A500 Rocket® In-Vessel Composter came out on top!

The product The A500 Rocket® can effectively recycle up to 600 litres of mixed waste each week and costs around 50p per week to run. We also offer waste audits to monitor and assess the levels of food waste currently produced on-site so we can recommend the right re-cycling system for each individual customer. Tidy Planet Limited, Registered in England Number 4148306. VAT Number 732 5547 34.

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Cotehele National Trust (Continued) Funding Cotehele successfully applied for a Sustainable Development Fund administered by the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Service. This was increased with funding from DEFRA through the National Trust’s Small Steps Big Change project.

Results

In the first year 31,000 litres of waste were processed through the Rocket®. This has reduced potential waste to landfill by an astonishing 15 tonnes. The gardening team also report that the Rocket® kills Convolvulus and Aegopodium, which present perennial weed problems in the UK. The compost produced is being used as a mulch to suppress weed growth, reduce chemical use and reduce the need for watering.

What they said about us David Bouch, Head Gardener, commented, “Getting used to the Rocket® has not been a huge challenge. All of the team wanted this to work and without this support any system will not be successful.” David offers this advice, “Taking great care to measure and record material inputs prior to purchase will ensure that a machine is not run above capacity, which can hamper the composting process. I started adding just raw waste (at a ratio of 1:1) before moving onto cooked waste so I was happy that I was able to operate the system. Put one person in charge who is interested in the process and if the system doesn’t seem to be working just spend a little more time getting it under control. Pardon the pun but it’s not rocket science!” We are really pleased the project has worked as a result of a great collaborative effort between Nick Stokes, Learning Officer at Cotehele, David Bouch and the gardening and catering teams. Toby Fox is enthusiastic about the results, “We are thrilled with how the project is going so far and we hope to develop more ways to reduce the impacts of climate change over the next few years.” Nick Stokes said, “This has been a fantastic opportunity for Cotehele to work with a Lipson Community College and local artist Jo Tyler to share the story of composting and raise awareness of this important environmental issue.” Jo Tyler also designed an eye catching cover for the Rocket® which tells the story of composting. We are delighted that Cotehele is one of four National Trust estates now using the Rocket®.

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Salford University Background The University of Salford is ranked in the top 10 for teaching and is a multi-site campus serving the needs of the local community. With over 20,000 students and 2,500 staff, the University has a number of catering facilities dotted around the campus.

The problem At the Student Union HQ bar and restaurant, there were eight 1100 litre commercial wheeled bins that were emptied daily. Graeme Holland, Facilities Manager at the University, wanted to find a safe and hygienic solution to their growing food waste problem - “The landfill charges were a major factor in our decision to look for more recycling routes. Food waste was becoming more and more of an issue. It was a blot on our landscape and the smell was attracting vermin to the skips in between collections.” They set about improving the environmental sustainability of the University to reduce rising waste disposal costs, get rid of dirty, smelly bins which were attracting vermin and to reduce landscaping costs.

The solution Trial of the A500 Rocket® In-Vessel Composter to ascertain suitability for the on-site recycling of food wastes.

The product The A500 is the smallest in the range of Rocket® composters. Fully automatic and measuring 2.0m long by 0.7m wide and 1.4m high, it has a maximum capacity of 600 litres of mixed waste per week.

Results

The A500 Rocket® was a huge success and diverts around 19 tonnes of food waste from landfill each year. The operation has now been expanded to another restaurant on the campus with the introduction of the larger A700 Rocket® model. The two machines running in tandem will reduce food waste to landfill from the University by around 57 tonnes per year, saving associated methane emissions from the landfill waste and cutting the waste disposal costs for the university.

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Salford University (Continued) The waste disposal area is cleaner and doesn’t attract vermin due to the lack of food waste in the skips and landscaping costs have been reduced due to the supply of free high quality compost produced by the Rocket® . The A500 Rocket® proved its effectiveness during the trial period and the test results from the State Veterinary Service (Animal Health) are clear of pathogens. The University of Salford is the first university site to achieve ABPR approval for composting their own food wastes. Regular samples are taken to ensure the process is maintaining efficiency in the destruction of pathogens.

•

ERASED OST LTD st.co.uk

What they said about us Graeme Holland says “I think it’s brilliant, the best thing is all food waste, cooked and un-cooked, meat and fish can be composted and the food waste can be treated on-site which is fantastic for solving our problems. When we show people the finished product they are amazed by the consistency and quality of it. Eventually food waste will be banned from going to landfill and we’re ahead of the game because we’ve already got the Rocket’s® in place. All the compost is matured and used around the University grounds for landscaping which enables us to cut down on buying trailer loads of compost, especially in the winter, saving us money and reducing transport related CO2 emissions as well. We are so impressed with the Rocket® system we are looking at expanding food waste recycling across the whole University. We have nine food outlets and are currently composting food waste from two of these. The University Catering Department is to become more involved and as our plans come to fruition we will be needing more Rockets®!” Tidy Planet Limited, Registered in England Number 4148306. VAT Number 732 5547 34.

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The Conway Centre The Conway Centre in Wales is an impressive 420-bed residential arts and outdoor education centre feeding over a thousand hungry mouths every day.

Background This amount of catering created a lot of waste then housed in thirteen 1,100 litre bins and four 800 litre bins. Not only did this look unsightly and attract vermin but with increased waste collection costs it became apparent that this was unsustainable both financially and environmentally. In 2003 Cheshire County Councils Environmental Planning Department invited the Conway Centre to carry out an Eco Audit. This revealed the need reduce the amount of heating oil and electricity consumed, reduce un-recyclable plastics and most interestingly to us - to improve sewage treatment facilities.

The problem To rationalise the sewage process for the entire site as grease traps and settlement tanks were being used to discharge sewage into the Menai Straits. The BOD readings at this time were around 7000.

The Solution The Rocket速 In-Vessel Composting system and a de-waterer were installed for the on-site treatment of all food waste (including meat and fish). All food waste is put into our sealed containers by the kitchen team and three times each day this waste is put into the Rocket速 by the Maintenance & Groundworks team. In 2006 4,235 litres of food waste was processed through the Rocket速. Tidy Planet Limited, Registered in England Number 4148306. VAT Number 732 5547 34.

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Cotehele National Trust (Continued) The product A700 Rocket® In-Vessel Composter The mid-range A700 is capable of processing up to 700 litres of mixed food waste per week. Thermostatically controlled to ensure temperatures greater than 65°C are maintained, the average power consumption is as little as 70kwh per week. Fully automatic and measuring 3.0m long by 0.9m wide and 1.6m high the A700 is probably one of the most versatile small scale in-vessel composting systems currently in use in the UK.

Results As a direct affect of The Rocket® In-Vessel Composting system the BOD reading for material being released into the Menai Straights went from 7,000 to 260. This saved an astonishing £1,400 a year on emptying the grease traps and £660 a year on emptying the settlement tanks. A further £2,200 of fresh water costs is saved every year due to the addition of a food waste dewaterer, which is used prior to the composting process. Along with the reduction in waste disposal costs and purchasing costs for compost materials the Rocket® has paid for itself in the three years since the installation. These achievements along with other energy saving and recycling successes have not been overlooked by external agencies and the Conway Centre has been awarded FEE Eco Centre status, Level 4 Green Dragon (Arena Network) and in October 2007 the Centre won the Environmental Management System Award for the Public Sector in the Welsh Sustainability Awards.

What they said about us Paul Southall, Buildings and Environmental Supervisor “We are now at the end of the final year of a three year study and if the Rocket® didn’t work it would be going back to the manufacturers. But it does work. We have saved money on waste collections, and it provides a useful product - compost - that has been used over the past three years to plant more than 1,000 trees on our 160 acre site. Making the utility and recycling area accessible to the children who visit the centre has increased their awareness of the consequences of producing waste and the environmental benefits of recycling. It’s great to see the visitors faces when they see the compost and are told, ‘that was someone’s breakfast two weeks ago!’ It really brings the process home to them.”

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速

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Derwent House, Melville Road Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2BN T: +44 (0)1625 666798 F: +44 (0)1625 666799

This paper is manufactured using seaweed, a waste product harvested to maintain the eco-balance of the Venice Lagoon.

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44; THE ROCKET'

A500 ROCKET® THE MOST POPULAR MODEL IN THE RANGE OF MACHINES SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE SAFE AND HYGIENIC ON-SITE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES. The A500 Rocket® composter is the smallest in the range capable of continuously processing up to 900 litres of organic waste each week. Thermostatic controls automate the process ensuring minimum operator interaction with only a standard single-phase 240-volt power supply needed. Available as a mobile or stationary organic waste solution with the facility for temperature recording and robust construction ensuring longevity, the Rocket® range of food waste treatment systems are suitable for the on-site processing of: • Cooked & Uncooked Meat & Fish • Cooked & Uncooked Fruit & Vegetables • Garden Waste • Animal Waste (including some types of bedding)

“To date this machine has proved to be probably the best recycling investment that this authority has purchased.” Jack Lindsey, Warwickshire County Council

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The A500 Rocket® In-Vessel Composter providing a “closed loop” food waste recycling system at the Hillsborough Campus of Sheffield College. Food waste is collected from the on-site canteen and the resulting compost is used by students on the horticultural courses.

A500 ROCKET® Currently in operation at a wide range of sites throughout the UK, the A500 Rocket® is saving on expensive organic waste disposal costs for many organisations including: • University of Salford • University of Birmingham • National Trust Estate Cotehele • Environment Agency • Warwickshire County Council • The Tower Hotel, Perthshire

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Size (mobile)

Length

2.5m

Width

0.7m

Height

1.3m

Capacity

600 litres per week mixed organic waste Optional: Up to 900 litres per week (combined with macerator & de-waterer)

Motor

0.18kWh

Power Requirement

Single-phase 240-volt, one 13 or 16 amp plug socket

Average Power Consumption

20kWh per week

Heater Element

0.85kWh – Thermostatically controlled

Temperature Recording

Manual hand held probe as standard Optional: 4 channel recorder and software

Ventilation

Not required

Housing Requirement

Under cover on hard standing (non-porous)

Options

Macerator and De-waterer package increases capacity to 900 litres per week Temperature datalogger and software – ideal for educational programmes and accurate reporting Power sieve for refining end product increasing product usage

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

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THE ROCKET'

A700 ROCKET® SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE SAFE AND HYGIENIC ON-SITE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES, THE A700 HAS BEEN RIGOROUSLY TESTED AND PROVEN ON-SITE TO COMPLY WITH ANIMAL BY-PRODUCT REGULATIONS. The A700 Rocket® composter is capable of continuously processing up to 1400 litres of organic waste each week. Thermostatic controls automate the process ensuring minimum operator interaction with only a standard single-phase 240-volt power supply needed. Available as a stationary organic waste solution with the facility for temperature recording and robust construction ensuring longevity, the Rocket® range of food waste treatment systems are suitable for the on-site processing of: • Cooked & Uncooked Meat & Fish • Cooked & Uncooked Fruit & Vegetables • Garden Waste • Animal Waste (including some types of bedding)

“The Rocket® works so well we have expanded our operation and added an A700 – the perfect solution for our multi-food sites,” Graeme Holland, Facilities Manager, University of Salford

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The A700 Rocket® at Braithwaite House, EC1 (funded by New Deal for Communities in conjunction with Islington Council) has allowed residents to provide a door-to-door food waste collection service for the 200 apartments in the block; offering the convenience of disposing of food waste on-site.

A700 ROCKET® Currently in operation at a wide range of sites throughout the UK, the A700 Rocket® is saving on expensive organic waste disposal costs for many organisations including: • Warren House Conference Centre • Rotters Community Composting • Canolfan Conwy Centre • Gliffaes Country House Hotel • EC1, Islington • Worcestershire County Council

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Size

Length

3.0m

Width

0.9m

Height

1.4m

Capacity

1400 litres per week mixed organic waste Optional: Up to 2100 litres per week (combined with macerator & de-waterer)

Motor

0.75kWh

Power Requirement

Single-phase 240-volt, one 13 or 16 amp plug socket

Average Power Consumption

20kWh per week

Heater Element

2 x 0.8kWh – Thermostatically controlled

Temperature Recording

4 channel datalogger and software as standard – ideal for educational programmes and accurate reporting

Ventilation

Supplied as standard

Housing Requirement

Under cover on hard standing (non-porous)

Options

Macerator and De-waterer package increases capacity to 2100 litres per week Power sieve for refining end product increasing product usage Loading steps

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

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THE ROCKET'

A900 ROCKET® SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE SAFE AND HYGIENIC ON-SITE PROCESSING OF ORGANIC WASTES, THE A900 PROVIDES A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR LARGER ORGANISATIONS OR MULTI-SITE COLLECTIONS. The A900 Rocket® composter is capable of continuously processing up to 5250 litres of organic waste each week. Thermostatic controls automate the process ensuring minimum operator interaction with only a standard single-phase 240-volt power supply needed. Available as a stationary organic waste solution with the facility for temperature recording and robust construction ensuring longevity, the Rocket® range of food waste treatment systems are suitable for the on-site processing of: • Cooked & Uncooked Meat & Fish • Cooked & Uncooked Fruit & Vegetables • Garden Waste • Animal Waste (including some types of bedding)

“I think it’s fantastic… I’m an avid recycler but I had no idea you could recycle chips and pizza!” Laisa Lloyd-Presland, Receptionist, University of Aberystwyth

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The A900 Rocket® at the University of Aberystwyth processes food waste from the students union and Arts Centre diverting material that would have gone to landfill. Funded by a Welsh Assembly grant the Rocket® is the latest in a series of developments to enhance the University’s environmental performance. The resulting compost is used for on-site landscaping reducing the need for fertilisers.

A900 ROCKET® Currently in operation at a wide range of sites throughout the UK, the A900 Rocket® is saving on expensive organic waste disposal costs for many organisations including: • Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) • Aardvark Recycling, London Borough of Lambeth • University of Aberystwyth • CSB Environment • Westminster Borough Council • Lensbury Country Club & Hotel

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Size

Length

4.0m

Width

1.0m

Height

1.6m

Capacity

3500 litres per week mixed organic waste Optional: Up to 5250litres per week (combined with macerator & de-waterer)

Motor

0.75kWh

Power Requirement

Single-phase 240-volt, one 13 or 16 amp plug socket

Average Power Consumption

20kWh per week

Heater Element

2 x 1kWh – Thermostatically controlled

Temperature Recording

4 channel datalogger and software as standard – ideal for educational programmes and accurate reporting

Ventilation

Supplied as standard

Housing Requirement

Under cover on hard standing (non-porous)

Options

Macerator and De-waterer package increases capacity to 5250litres per week Power sieve for refining end product increasing product usage Loading steps

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

FINISH:

TITLE:

1059

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

REVISION

T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

Q.A

MFG

APPV'D

CHK'D

DRAWN

NAME

ANGULAR: +/- 0.5 Deg

TOLERANCES: LINEAR: X = +/- 0.5 X.X = +/- 0.25 X.XX = +/- 0.1

DATE

WEIGHT:

MATERIAL:

DEBUR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

SIGNATURE

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS

SCALE:1:15

DWG NO.

SHEET 1 OF 1

A900 Mk3 ISSUE No

3492

1713

1890

0681

A900 ROCKET速

Derwent House, Melville Road Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2BN T: +44 (0)1625 666798 F: +44 (0)1625 666799

This paper is manufactured using seaweed, a waste product harvested to maintain the eco-balance of the Venice Lagoon.

hello@tidyplanet.co.uk www.tidyplanet.co.uk

Ilt;

THE ROCKET'

A1200 ROCKET® BIGGER IS SOMETIMES BEST! THE LARGEST MACHINE IN THE ROCKET® RANGE OFFERS A FULLY SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC WASTE RECYCLING SOLUTION FOR LARGER CATERING FACILITIES AND MULTI-SITE OPERATIONS. The A1200 Rocket® composter is capable of continuously processing up to 10500 litres of organic waste each week. Thermostatic controls automate the process ensuring minimum operator interaction with only a standard single-phase 240-volt power supply needed. Available as a stationary organic waste solution with the facility for temperature recording and robust construction ensuring longevity, the Rocket® range of food waste treatment systems are suitable for the on-site processing of: • Cooked & Uncooked Meat & Fish • Cooked & Uncooked Fruit & Vegetables • Garden Waste • Animal Waste (including some types of bedding)

“From the collection of food waste from local estates we are able to produce a great quality of compost” Aardvark Recycling, London Borough of Camberwell

Tidy Planet Limited, Registered in England Number 4148306. VAT Number 732 5547 34.

The A1200 Rocket® at the Aardvark Recycling site takes material from food waste collections from the London Borough of Camberwell and food waste collections throughout the City. The resulting high quality compost is available for schools, parks and gardeners to use and is donated to small community groups or individuals for allotments, green spaces and gardens.

A1200 ROCKET® As the largest machine in the Rocket® range the A1200 Rocket® is ideal in array to process material from local food waste collections currently undertaken by: • Aardvark Recycling, London Borough of Camberwell

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Size

Length

7.0m

Width

1.4m

Height

1.8m

Capacity

7000 litres per week mixed organic waste Optional: Up to 10500litres per week (combined with macerator & de-waterer)

Motor

1.5kWh

Power Requirement

Single-phase 240-volt, one 13 or 16 amp plug socket

Average Power Consumption

20kWh per week

Heater Element

2 x 1kWh – Thermostatically controlled

Temperature Recording

4 channel datalogger and software as standard – ideal for educational programmes and accurate reporting

Ventilation

Supplied as standard

Housing Requirement

Under cover on hard standing (non-porous)

Options

Macerator and De-waterer package increases capacity to 10500litres per week Power sieve for refining end product increasing product usage Loading steps

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

1700kg (approx)

TITLE:

REVISION

T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

Q.A

MFG

APPV'D

CHK'D

DRAWN

NAME

ANGULAR: +/- 0.5 Deg

TOLERANCES: LINEAR: X = +/- 0.5 X.X = +/- 0.25 X.XX = +/- 0.1

SIGNATURE

30/10/09

DATE

WEIGHT:

MATERIAL:

DEBUR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

SCALE:1:20

DWG NO.

SHEET 1 OF 1

1200/4/000/000C

A1200 COMPOSTER WITH BIN LOADER ISSUE No

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

FINISH:

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS

A1200 ROCKET速

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gwenpowell74

kompostgwen

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gwenpowell74

kompostgwen

Sewers and drains, whether private or public, are designed to deal with human waste, toilet paper, waste water and nothing else. There are up to 200,000 sewer blockages throughout the UK every year of which 75% are caused by fat, oil and grease poured down the drain. Blocked drains exacerbate flooding.

Fat, oil and grease stick to the inside of drains and sewers. Over time, this hardens to form a concrete-like material that can block the entire pipe and cause flooding as sewage is forced to escape through manholes and into streets and rivers or, even worse, into homes.

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gwenpowell74

kompostgwen

Environment Agency

osition statement Kitchen Waste Disposal Units (Macerators)

We do not support the large scale use of macerators for the purpose of disposing of kitchen wastes, except where sewage infrastructure is specifically designed to manage and recover value from such waste. Background Over recent years pressure on existing sewers in the UK has increased. Recent flooding events have highlighted problems of sewage systems unable to cope with sudden high water levels. Such problems are exacerbated by blockages, sometimes caused by wastes that the sewers were not designed to cope with (including fats, oils and greases). Macerators might be installed and used in commercial kitchens, care homes, hospitals and domestic properties. Kitchen waste disposal units (WDUs) might be seen by some householders as an easy way to reduce the amount of waste they put out for collection. What does the Water Industry say? Water UK 1 advise that WDUs may impose an extra load on sewerage systems that they were not designed to handle and which may increase the risk of sewer blockages, sewer flooding, environmental pollution, odours and rodent infestations. There are also further associated risks to screening plants, the sewage treatment process, disposal of bio-solids and energy costs. When problems lead directly to sewer failure and spillage it could present a severe risk to the environment and health. Our Role The use of WDUs is not an activity that we regulate. We are, however, the leading public body for protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales, we regulate waste management activities and are also a principal delivery body for the Government’s Waste Strategy. Our View We want to see waste reduced and where it is generated reused, recycled or recovered so it has the smallest possible impact on health and the environment. The public’s attitude to waste is important to us and we want to avoid an ‘out of sight and mind’ mentality. We consider that engaging the public in the process of sorting and segregating their own waste will encourage greater understanding of the wider issue and may help reduce their wastage in first place. Our preferred route for food waste is composting by the householder or at a centralised biodegradable waste treatment facility for composting or anaerobic digestion of the waste 1

http://www.water.org.uk/home/policy/positions/waste-macerators-position-paper?s1=macerators

ustomer service line :

incident hotline

floodline

1:II :I

■

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•••••

There may be circumstances with new developments where the use and consequence of WDU’s can be accommodated in the design, and thus may contribute to an integrated waste ( and/or renewable energy) management system. However, having reviewed the limited evidence currently available on the subject we are not as yet persuaded that such circumstances would arise. It is also important to consider the additional consequences from using WDU’s such as increased energy and water use, the latter normally being high quality drinking water, used to flush and clean the food waste through the unit. In conclusion, WDUs are not our preferred option but further studies may bring new evidence of their potential beneficial use in certain circumstances. Of significance is the view taken by the sewerage providers that a wide uptake of such units can threaten the sewer infrastructure such that it results in a risk to the environment or health. Further advice Further advice on dealing with waste can be found on our website or by calling our customer service team on 08708 506 506.

MWRP PS 018 Version 1.0 May 2010

ustomer service line LI

incident hotline

floodline

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11,11

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Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gwenpowell74

kompostgwen

TIDY PLANET SYSTEM F=.1

iv/flirt Y I LAMM

Derwent House, Melville Road Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2BN

This paper is manufactured using seaweed, a waste product harvested to maintain the eco-balance of the Venice Lagoon.

T: +44 (0)1625 666798 F: +44 (0)1625 666799 hello@tidyplanet.co.uk www.tidyplanet.co.uk

DEHYDRA THE DEHYDRA COMPACT STATION IS A FOOD WASTE REDUCTION SYSTEM WHICH REDUCE THE VOLUME OF YOUR FOOD WASTE BY 80% AND CAN LOWER THE WEIGHT BY AS MUCH AS 50%. Available as a stand alone de-watering solution for connection to existing food waste disposers (FWDs) or as part of an integrated waste disposal and de-watering solution, the De-Hydra is the only self cleaning de-watering system that can be fitted with waste water recirculation. The De-Hydra can be remotely located from the FWD to allow for installation in kitchens with limited free space and it can also be connected to numerous FWDs by the use of a intermediate tank to enable a single waste collection area to be specified. The De-Hydra may also be purchased as part of a food waste disposal bench that can be supplied with a utility sink. The benches are available in a range of standard sizes but can also be bespoke to your requirements. All the bench units are fitted with lockable castors for easy deep cleaning of the surrounding floor area. With the capacity to reduce the food waste volume by up to 80% and the weight by up to 40%, the De-Hydra has the most efficient food waste recovery screen, which ensures that food waste is captured for disposal rather than being sent to drain where it will cause blockages and odours. The screen is automatically cleaned after every cycle to free the operator to conduct other duties. This can save up to 25 days per year of wasted time previously spent on cleaning other de-watering systems. The equipment is an innovative waste management system which occupies the space of a dishwasher and is generally placed in the kitchen (washing or food clean-up areas) of a restaurant, hotel or canteen.

Tidy Planet Limited, Registered in England Number 4148306. VAT Number 732 5547 34.

HYDRO-EXTRACTOR

OUT FEED HOPPER

DISPOSER

PUMP CONTROL PANEL

DEHYDRA How it works Food waste is fed into the hopper by the operator and is then ground into small particles by the food waste disposer. The operation of the whole unit is quick, simple and safe thanks to the design of the unit which prevents access to the grinding mechanism while the unit is operating. The ground food waste is then pumped from the disposer into the hydro-extractor dewaterer. Combining an auger and a screen with a very fine mesh (1 mm diameter holes) the hydro-extractor seperates the liquid from the from the ground food waste. The excess liquid can be re-circulated to reduce water consumption before being disposed of to a foul drain. Once the food waste has beendisposed of, the system automatically self cleans so no operator time is wasted.

INSTALLATION INFORMATION Water connection

Inlet: Cold water supply to disposer shall be ¾“ service line (pressure resistant hose-pipe required) with 2,5 bar flow pressure. Piped as close to the unit as possible at a comfortable height from the ground. A gate valve is required to disconnect the unit for maintenance. Inlet: Hot water supply shall be ¾“ service line, pipe as close to the unit as possible at a comfortable height from the ground with a pressure resistant hose-pipe. The connection to the hydro-extractor requires ¾“ piping size.

Water consumption

Approximately 20 litres per minute can be reduced by 90% if water recirculation is specified.

Sewer outlet:

Ø 50 mm. waste line required with siphon to avoid odours.

Electrical connection

Power input of the unit: 3,9 kW. The unit requires a 415V 3 phase 50Hz power supply. The unit must be connected to a grounded, permanent wiring system through an electrical socket with 4 wires (3phase + earth). 16 amp fuse required. Recommendation: We suggest protecting power supply lines upstream of the electrical socket with suitable fuses and an RCD.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Disposer

2.2kW

Pump with geared motor

0.55kW

Hydro-extractor model ‘DEHYDRA’

1.1KW

ACC Feed (three-phase 4 wire)

415 V – 16A

Water connection

Hot & Cold

Weight

150kgs

Capacity

Up to 150kgs per hour 250 – 400 meals per hour

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

DEHYDRA COMPACT STAND ALONE

•

650

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

DEHYDRA FOOD WASTE DEWATERER BENCH UNIT

1500

700

893

1042

T '1

565

TIDYPLANET HYBRID MACERATOR

For details of any of the above applications, to arrange a site visit or your own on-site demonstration do contact: T: +44 (0)1625 666798 E: hello@tidyplanet.co.uk

Contact Gwen Powell on: 07941 524 222

gwen@kompost.co.uk

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gwenpowell74

kompostgwen

Keep the earth clean and healthy!

Vertical type (GV-35V & GV-60V) Features Features 1. No bad odor 2. Vacuum enhances system safety 3. Easy maintenance 4. Low operation cost 5. Compact design 6. Embedded shredder 7. Preserve the nutrition by low temp. evaporation 8. No additive of micro-organism or enzyme

Specification Specification Model

GV-35V

GV-60V

Capacity

35 kg/day (2 cycles/day)

60 kg/day (2 cycles/day)

Outer dimension Width Length Height

59 cm 62 cm 165 cm

69 cm 72 cm 175 cm

Weight

320 kg

430 kg

Zigzag filter

Vacuum pump

-38cmHg

-76cmHg

0cmHg

ZIGZAG FILTER

Band heater

SOLENOID VALVE

SEPARATOR

VACUUM GAUGE

WATER FILTER

OZONIZER

3 OZONE-DEODORIZER

CIRCULATION WATER TANK

VACUUM PUMP

COOLING WATER SUPPLY

VAPOR EXIT

CAVITATOR

WATER DRAIN

A/C TANK

MAIN HEATER

The specifications could be changed for improvement of machine without notice.

Keep the earth clean and healthy!

Horizontal type (G-100SH, G-120TH) Single Axis

Features Features 증기흐름도(공통) 1.블로워형 No bad odor 2. Easy maintenance 3. Low operation cost 4. Compact design 5. Embedded shredder 6. No additive of micro-organism or enzyme

Specification Specification Model

<G-100SH>

Capacity

Twin Axis

G-120TH

100 kg/day 120 kg/day (2 cycles/day) (2 cycles/day)

Outer dimension Width Length Height

120 cm 90 cm 110 cm

142 cm 113 cm 127 cm

Weight

500 kg

780 kg

Condenser Blower

G-100SH

Loading door Operation panel

<G-120TH> Motor

The specifications could be changed for improvement of machine without notice.

Discharge door

Keep the earth clean and healthy!

Horizontal type (G-200H, 400H)

Features Features 증기흐름도(공통) 1.블로워형 No bad odor 2. Easy maintenance 3. Low operation cost 4. Compact design 5. Embedded shredder 6. No additive of micro-organism or enzyme

Specification Specification

<G-200H>

Model

G-200H

G-400H

Capacity

200 kg/day (2 cycles/day)

400 kg/day (2 cycles/day)

Outer dimension Width Length Height

142 cm 120 cm 200 cm

190 cm 165 cm 220 cm

Weight

1,200 kg

2,000 kg

Zigzag filter

Loading door

Discharge door Condenser

<G-400H> The specifications could be changed for

improvement of machine without notice.

ilistili,.._. a G-1200SH

G-1200SH

nut system

...

Keep the earth clean ...•c_ and healthy!

Specification Specification Model

G-1200SH

Capacity

1,200 kg/day (2 cycles/day)

Outer dimension Width Length Height Weight

Installed at C. Supermarket, France

Loading materials materials Loading

Results Results

350 cm 240 cm 325 cm 6,000 kg