Peanut Farm Show - 2011

Thursday, January 20, 2011

2011

TRADE SHOW DOORS OPEN AT 8:30 A.M. UNTIL 3:45 P.M. WITH A DOOR PRIZE DRAWING

Univeristy of Georgia Peanut Production Seminar January 20, 2011 at the Albany Civic Center 8:30 a.m-3:35 p.m. Poster Sessions on Research and on Farm Demonstrations Throughout Georgia on Floor of Civic Center Coordinator: John Beasley, Extension Peanut Agronomist, UGA

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This year’s Georgia Peanuts Farm Show Peanut Research and Education Award goes to Dr. James W. Todd.

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2011 Georgia Peanut Farm Show exhibitors Aceto Agricultural Chemical Corporation Advanced Ag Systems, Inc. Advanced Trailer Ag Technologies, LLC. Aimtrac Albany Tractor Company Alithicon Lubricants Co. Amadas American Peanut Council/Peanut Foundation AMVAC Chemical Corporation BASF Corporation Bayer CropScience Becker Underwood Chandler Equipment Company Chemical Containers Colombo North America, Inc. Dow AgroSciences Dupont Crop Protection EMD Crop BioScience Erickson’s Forklift, Inc. Florida Foundation Seed Georgia Crop Improvement Georgia Development Authority Georgia Farm Bureau Georgia Farm Credit Associations Georgia Organic Solutions Georgia Peanut Commission Georgia Twine Golden Peanut Company Grassworks Weed Wiper LLC Growers Minerals Solutions GrowingGeorgia.com Hays LTI High Yield Industries HogSWAT INTX Microbials LLC JLA USA Jain Irrigation KBH Corporation Kelley Manufacturing Company

Lindsay Corporation LMC-Cross McLean Ag Chem Meherrin Ag and Chemical Microtherm, Inc. National Peanut Board National Peanut Buying Points Assn.

Newton Crouch, Inc. Nichino America, Inc. Oro Agri, Inc. Pearman Corporation Peerless Manufacturing Pioneer HiBred Poly Tech Industries PSI South Rainbow Manufacturing Company S&S Marketing, Inc. Southeast Farm Press Southeastern Peanut Farmer Southern AgCom, Inc. Southern Peanut Growers Sunbelt Ag Expo Syngenta Crop Protection The Peanut Grower The Peanut Institute The Resort Collection of Panama City Beach Tillage Radish Triangle Chemical Company Tyson Steel Building Products, Inc. Ubly Peanut Blade Mfg., Inc. U.S. Ag LLC University of Georgia Peanut Team USDA Farm Service Agency USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Lab USDA, NASS USDA, NRCS Valent Valley Irrigation

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Georgia Peanut Farm Show

Schedule of Events Thursday, January 20, 2011, at the Albany Civic Center, Albany, Ga. 7:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. - Georgia Peanut Commission & American Red Cross Blood Drive 8:30 a.m. - Show opens with door prize registration 9:00 a.m. - University of Georgia (UGA) Peanut Production Seminar 11:15 a.m. - Georgia Peanut Commission presents short program and presents awards including Distinguished Service Award, Peanut Research & Education Award, Media Award, Special Award & Outstanding Georgia Young Peanut Farmer of the Year Noon - Lunch 1:15 p.m. - National Peanut Board Update 1:30 p.m. - Industry Peanut Seed Seminar 3:30 p.m. - Announcement of Grand Door Prize winner 3:45 p.m. - Show closes

University of Georgia Peanut Production Seminar AGENDA 9:00 am

Welcome – Emory Murphy, Research Committee Secretary, Georgia Peanut Commission

9:05 am

Cultivar Response to Reduced Seeding Rate Dr. Scott Tubbs, University of Georgia

9:25 am

New Methods for Determining Peanut Harvest Dr. Wilson Faircloth, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Lab

9:45 am

Incorporating New Peanut Cultivars into a Disease Management Program Dr. Bob Kemerait, University of Georgia

10:05 am

Peanut Budgets, Managing Production Costs, and Marketing Dr. Nathan Smith, University of Georgia

10:25 am

Burrower Bugs: What we Know and What we Don’t Know Dr. David Adams, University of Georgia

10:45 am

Adjourn

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Georgia Peanut Farm Show set for January 20 Kelley Manufacturing Company donates Grand Door Prize Producers can fine-tune their farming operations with information gained at the 35th annual Georgia Peanut Farm Show on Jan. 20, 2011 at the Albany Civic Center in Albany, Ga. The show is sponsored by the Georgia Peanut Commission in cooperation with the University of Georgia.

During this year’s show Kelley Manufacturing Company is providing the grand door prize of one seasons use of peanut combine, valued at $10,000. Amadas Industries is also providing a door prize of $10,000 off the price of a combine.

The one-day show offers farmers a full day to view the products and services of more than 75 exhibitors and a day of education. The show opens at 8:30 a.m. with door prize registration and closes at 3:45 with the announcement of the grand door prize winner. The University of Georgia Peanut Team will present an educational peanut production seminar beginning at 9:00 a.m. The American Red Cross will also hold a blood drive from 7:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at the civic center.

Information about the Georgia Peanut Farm Show can be obtained by contacting GPC at 229-386-3470 or visiting GPC online at www.gapeanuts.com.

Georgia Peanut Commission hosts Blood Drive Approximately every two seconds, someone in America needs blood. More than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day to treat patients in need. This year, the Georgia Peanut Commission is partnering with the American Red Cross on Jan. 20 at the Georgia Peanut Farm Show to host a blood drive.

Blood mobiles will be on site throughout the morning of the show, 7:30 a.m. until 12:30 p.m. The Georgia Peanut Commission would like to make a huge collection during this event and need your help. If you are eligible to donate blood on Jan. 20, please make an appointment in advance by calling 1-800-448-3543 or visit www.redcrossblood.org. Individuals who present to donate blood will be eligible to enter a drawing for a $250 Visa Gift Card, compliments of The Peanut Institute.

Thursday, January 20, 2011 3

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Georgia Peanut Farm Show Seed Seminar Agenda Welcome

Randall Meadows, Chairman, American Peanut Shellers Association Committee on Variety & Seed Development

An Update on Peanut Genomics from: The Peanut Foundation Dr. Darlene Cowart Chairman National Peanut Research Lab Dr. Phat-Dang Farm Saved Seed - Know the Law Terry Hollifield – GA Crop Improvement Association Executive Director Varieties Currently in Production and on Horizon Dr. Bill Branch, Professor/Peanut Breeder, University of Georgia Dr. Barry Tillman, Professor/Peanut Breeder, University of Florida Dr. Corley Holbrook, Peanut Breeder, USDA/ARS Calcium Requirements for Large-Seeded Runner Cultivars Dr. Glen Harris University of Georgia Tifton, GA Incorporating New Cultivars into a Peanut Production System Dr. John Beasley Extension Peanut Agronomist University of Georgia Tifton, GA Sponsored by: Southern Peanut Farmers Federation The Peanut Foundation American Peanut Shellers Association Georgia Peanut Commission

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Georgia Peanut Commission announces awards The Georgia Peanut Commission recognizes individuals, businesses and organizations annually at the Georgia Peanut Farm Show. The awards recognize the many contributions the award recipients have made in the peanut industry. In 2011, GPC is honoring Commissioner Tommy Irvin with the Distinguished Service Award; Dr. Jim Todd, retired University of Georgia entomologist, with the Research and Education Award; Jennifer Whittaker, Georgia Farm Bureau publications editor, with the Media Award; Stephanie Grunenfelder, of the American Peanut Council with the Export Award, and Sally Wells, Birdsong Peanuts, with the Georgia Peanut Special Award. The Georgia Peanut Commission will also name the Outstanding Georgia Young Peanut Farmer on the day of the show. The awards will be presented Jan. 20 at 11:15 a.m. at the Albany Civic Center.

Distinguished Service Award GPC is recognizing the Honorable Tommy Irvin with the Distinguished Service Award for 2011.

Tommy Irvin’s tenure as the longest serving Commissioner of Agriculture in the United States spans more than 41 years of a 54-year-plus career in public service. He also is the longest serving statewide official in Georgia.

The American Farm Bureau Federation recently honored Commissioner Irvin with its Distinguished Service Award for his service as an

agriculture leader with merit and distinction. Irvin was nominated by the Georgia Farm Bureau which in its December annual meeting had presented a video outlining his efforts to improve Georgia agriculture that led to changes on the regional and national levels and impacted world opinion of U.S. Agriculture. He set up an international trade division in his department and pursued markets for Georgia’s agricultural producers in the Soviet Union, China and Cuba and other states followed. In addition, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and leaders in other countries have sought to emulate Georgia’s procedures to eradicate animal diseases, and control plant pests. Irvin is also recognized internationally for his efforts on food safety.

Irvin is the only Georgian to serve as president of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA). He also has served as president of the Southern Association of State Departments of Agriculture (SASDA). Twice, he has served terms as president of the Southern United States Trade Association (SUSTA), an organization which he helped found to promote the export of Southern food and agricultural products.

Irvin has been inducted into the National 4-H Hall of Fame, Georgia Agrirama Hall of Fame, the Vidalia Onion Hall of Fame, the Georgia Seed Association Hall of Fame, the Habersham County Hall of Fame, and the Hall County and the University of Georgia College of Agriculture Hall of Fame.

A Georgia native, Tommy Irvin was elected to his first public office as a member of the Habersham County Board of Education in 1956.

Later, he served as chairman of his school board and president of the Georgia School Boards Association. Elected to four terms in the Georgia General Assembly as a Representative from Habersham County, Irvin served on the House Agriculture, Education, and Appropriations Committees and chaired the House Industrial Relations Committee and the Governor's Conference on Education. He was the Governor’s Floor Leader and later served as Executive Secretary to the Governor.

Commissioner Irvin and his wife, Bernice, live on a farm in the Glade Creek Community of Habersham County. They are the parents of five children, 14 grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.

Research and Education Award GPC is recognizing Dr. James W. Todd for his contributions to the discovery and expansion of peanut disease resistance. Todd is professor emeritus of entomology at the University of Georgia. In August 2008, he completed a milestone of 40 years of service as a member of the research faculty at the UGA Tifton Campus.

Although his primary research focus for the last 23 years has been in peanut entomology, he worked on entomological problems in soybean for 17 years prior to that. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Auburn University in 1966 and 1968, respectively, and then joined the research faculty at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station where he initiated the research program in soybean entomology.

One of Todd’s major interests See AWARDS, page 10 has always been host plant resistance

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Georgia-09B’ is a new high-yielding, high-oleic, TSWV-resistant, medium-seeded, runner-type peanut variety that was released in 2009 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Georgia-09B has a high level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt disease caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Georgia-09B also has the high-oleic and low-linoleic fatty acid ratio for improved oil quality and longer shelf-life of peanut and peanut products.

Georgia-09B originated from the first backcross made with Georgia Green as the recurrent parent. It has an intermediate runner growth habit and medium maturity, similar to Georgia Green. However during the past three years (2006-2008) averaged over 27 multilocation tests in Georgia, Georgia-09B was found to have the lowest percent of TSWV disease incidence, highest pod yield, highest TSMK grade, and highest dollar value return per acre compared to Georgia Green.

During the three years 2007-09, Georgia-09B was compared to four other high-oleic runner-type varieties over 30 multilocation tests in Georgia (Table 1). Georgia-09B was also found to have among the best overall performance compared to Florida-07, York, AT3085RO, and McCloud.

Limited seed supplies will be available for Georgia-09B in the 2011 planting season. So, interested growers should consider an early seed request for the upcoming growing season. Georgia-09B combines the excellent roasted flavor of Georgia Green with the higholeic trait in a medium maturity, medium-seeded, runner-type peanut variety that has high pod yields, TSMK grades, and dollar value returns per acre.

Table 1. Three-Year (30 Tests) Average Field Performance of Georgia-09B vs. Four other High-Oleic Runner-Type Varieties over Multilocation in Georgia, 2007-09.

Runner

Disease

Yield

TSMK

Seed

Value

Variety

(%)

(lb/a)

(%)

(no./lb)

($/a)

*Georgia-09B

30

4273

75

725

779

*Florida-07

35

4487

71

612

779

*York

29

4154

72

786

729

*AT-3085RO

35

4101

71

678

714

*McCloud

42

3974

72

633

705

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Thursday, January 20, 2011 7

Incorporating New Cultivars into a Peanut Production System small plot and on-farm large plot trials we have seen Georgia-06G, Florida-07, Tifguard, Georgia Greener, and Georgia-07W consistently out yield Georgia Green. The grades of these cultivars, with the exception of Florida-07, have been equal to or better than Georgia Green.

Disease resistance is another important trait to look for in a cultivar. The peanut breeding programs in the Southeast U.S. have released numerous cultivars the past 10 years with much better resistance to TSWV. Resistance to leaf spots, white mold, CBR, and peanut root- knot nematode now exist in one or more cultivars.

Tifguard has a very high level of resistance to peanut root-knot nematode and should be planted in fields with a history or large popula-

John P. Beasley, Jr. Extension Peanut Agronomist University of Georgia Based on seed acreage in 2010, there are 5 cultivars that will account for 95% of the acreage in the Southeast in 2011. Those five are: Georgia-06G, Georgia Greener, Georgia-07W, Tifguard, and Florida-07. What should producers look for in a cultivar when trying to decide which one or ones to plant on their farm? Obviously, the first characteristics a producer should look for in a cultivar are yield and grade. Fortunately, most of the new cultivars that have been released over the past three years have a higher yield potential than Georgia Green. In the UGA Statewide Variety Trials and in

tion of this pest. Utilize Peanut Rx to determine a cultivar’s level of disease resistance or tolerance when comparing them to one another. This tool allows a producer to select a cultivar, or cultivars, based on the expected disease problem or problems within a given field, based on expected field and environmental conditions.

Maturity range will also dictate if a producer wants to select a certain cultivar. Currently there is one early maturing cultivar, AT 215, but the seed supply on it will be extremely limited in 2011. Georgia Greener and Tifguard have what we call the “normal” or medium maturity range. Under normal growing conditions in which there are no factors delaying or speeding up maturation, these cultivars are ready for harvest in 135-140 days

after planting. Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Georgia-07W all mature about 7-10 days later than Georgia Green. Our experience with Georgia-06G is that it can mature about the same as Georgia Greener and Tifguard, or in some See CULTIVARS, page 11

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Anxious about peanut diseases in 2011? Keep an eye on weather and climate..…

Robert Kemerait, PhD Department of Plant Pathology, the University of Georgia We’re not the only ones who have to worry about getting sick! Farmers recognize that they will have to battle diseases affecting their peanut crop each and every year in order to stay in business. Most of the diseases in a peanut field are caused by molds; however a virus, tomato spotted wilt virus to be exact, can be an important problem as well. Though the average citizen in Georgia may be unfamiliar with early leaf spot, late leaf spot, peanut rust, white mold, Rhizoctonia limb rot, tomato spotted wilt, Aspergillus crown rot and Cylindrocladium black rot, some or all of these diseases can be identified on every acre planted to peanut in our state. Though we can’t catch peanut diseases, diseases do cost our peanut farmers millions of dollars each year in terms losses in yield and quality and in cost of control.

In order to minimize the impact of diseases and to continue to produce the world’s best peanuts, farmers must invest in a complicated mix of options to protect their crop. Today farmers plant varieties of peanuts with names like ‘Georgia-07W’, ‘Georgia Greener’, and ‘Florida07’ that are more resistant to the diseases than were older varieties. Growers also manage diseases by integrating a combination of tools such as fungicides, crop rotation with cotton

and corn, and selection of optimum planting dates when warmer soil temperatures support rapid germination and vigorous growth into their management programs. Researchers at the University of Georgia, Auburn University and the University of Florida have combined many of these tools into a

single index, “Peanut Rx,” that allows growers to determine how to get the most benefit from their management options.

Development of Peanut Rx has been supported financially by the Georgia Peanut Commission and use of this index is endorsed by some of the largest agricultural pest management companies such as Syngenta, Nichino, BASF, Bayer CropScience, and Arysta LifeScience.

Despite tremendous efforts, diseases continue to be a problem for farmers in southern Georgia. One of the most

important culprits behind outbreaks of disease is our weather during the growing season.

Cooler and wetter conditions early in the season often lead to significant outbreaks of Cylindrocladium black rot later in the season. Periods of unusually hot weather typically result in severe outbreaks of white mold and Aspergillus crown rot.

Although growers, consultants, Extension agents, and researchers all recognize the impact of weather on diseases, it can be a challenge to predict weather with any certainty more than a week in advance. However, peanut farmers in the southeastern United States now have a powerful ally in the fight against diseases- the Southeast Climate Consortium.

The Southeast Climate Consortium, with members from the research communities at the University of Florida, the University of Georgia, Florida State University, North Carolina State University, Clemson University, the University of Miami, and the University of Alabama-Huntsville, has developed tools that allow growers to

use climate predictions over the upcoming growing seasons to better determine how production factors, like diseases and drought, may impact their crop.

For those confused over the difference, “weather” is what happens yesterday or today or tomorrow. On the other hand, “climate” describes the general conditions over a longer period of time. For example, our “climate” in southern Georgia last summer was hotter and drier than normal and these extended conditions had a tremendous impact on diseases in peanut field. Hotter conditions last summer meant that out growers battled white mold for four months.

The Southeast Climate Consortium has created a website, www.AgroClimate.org, where farmers and anyone who has an interest in such information, can visit to begin making decisions for the upcoming season. A grower should not expect to find a “silver bullet” or a “crystal ball” on this site; however he or she will find a tremendous wealth of very specific historical information that will add an additional tool into the complex process of growing a crop, and that includes disease management as well. IN the future, growers will not only consider varieties, fungicides, and Peanut Rx in their fight with yield limiting diseases, they will also consider expectations about the climate in the upcoming season when piecing together an effective management program.

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Adjusting seeding rate may depend on row pattern R.S. Tubbs University of Georgia Maximizing yield and maximizing profit are not always synonymous in row crop production. There are multiple scenarios I can think of where I could encourage a grower to purposely sacrifice a chance at a higher yield, simply because the cost to achieve the additional yield outweighs the possible gain. The same type of thought process needs to be applied to most alterations in management practices to stay competitive in a tight agricultural economic environment.

A reduction in seeding rate can be an opportunity to save money on input costs as long as yield and grade of peanut are not drastically reduced. When quality seed are planted and good planting practices are used, the seeding rate will usually directly affect final plant stands, with higher seeding rates resulting in denser plant stands and lower seeding rates ending with sparser plant stands. Yet, research has demonstrated that there is an optimum plant stand to shoot for, and that a denser stand will not always result in greater yields. This is often due to plant competition for space, light, water, nutrients, and other beneficial resources that are needed to maximize yield potential. The magnitude of this intra-row competition can differ upon several management practices, and row pattern is near the top of the list for a myriad of variables including risk of disease incidence, plus yield and grade potential.

Since peanut is bought on a weight basis, and not by seed quanti-

ty like with some other commodities, the seed size becomes a very important variable in determining the cost per acre to plant. Thus, adjusting seeding rates can mean greater savings with some varieties than it will with others, as larger seeded varieties will cost more than smaller seeded varieties on a per seed basis. So, an equivalent reduction in seeding rate results in a greater savings with larger-seeded varieties than with smaller seeded varieties. Of course, the higher the cost of the seed, the more pronounced these values become, and in recent years, the cost on a per acre basis has exceeded $20 per acre simply by altering seeding rate by merely one seed per foot of row. If similar yields can be achieved at lower seeding rates, this can constitute a fairly significant improvement to the bottom line by year’s end.

When compared to single rows, twin rows result in each individual plant being more spread out with extra room to grow and less intra-row competition with adjacent plants for necessary resources. At the UGA Extension standard seeding rate of six seed per foot of row, the total plant population in a given area remains the same whether grown in single or twin row pattern. But in twin rows, half of the seed are planted in a row seven inches away, which moves the most adjacent seed within the same drill row to four inches apart instead of just two inches away. This creates less intra-row competition and often See SEEDING, page 11

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as a means of reducing losses to insect and disease pests of crop plants. He and collaborators in North Continued from page 5 and South Carolina identified three plant introductions of soybean which are still being used as sources of pest resistance in breeding programs around the world. Todd began working with Drs. Roy Pittman and James Demski on characterization of insect and virus resistance in peanut accessions from the USDA collection of cultivated and wild species of Arachis from around the world in 1988.

Then when Dr. Albert Culbreath joined the faculty and became part of the group, the search was expanded to include foliar and soil-borne disease resistance in peanut.

Dr. Todd received the Research and Education Award previously in 2009 as team member on Resistance Cultivar Sections with Dr. Roy Pittman and then about a decade ago as a team member on the group that help to establish the management strategy for the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) epidemics in the Southeast. And, yes this epidemic for many years caused an estimated $100,000,000 in losses to peanut and vegetables crops annually. The losses were diminishing the competitiveness of Southeast farmers, not only in U.S. markets, but also in the international marketplace.

The TSWV risk Management Index became the solution to significantly minimizing that risk today. And this management tool is an on-going effort that is coordinated through the University of Georgia. The TSWV Risk Management Index has also given way to other disease indexes becoming an important management tool for farmers. This was truly out of the box thinking to minimize and manage risk as a part of finding a solution to a problem by changing the cultural environment and practices of the crop that had a much wider window of sufficient yield production and economic return than the disease had maximum efficacy.

The number one pest and economic loss to peanuts for many years was the TSWV and thanks to the Risk Management Index that is no longer the case. It was truly Dr. Todd’s leadership in this research that made it possible to establishing this management strategy that really did work. Yes, the other scientist on the team were important to eventually get this new technology packaged and out to the growers but the original hypothesis to manage the disease in this manor was Dr. Todd’s and therefore this success was largely due to his effort. The TSWV Risk Management Index which was originally his brain child has saved Georgia Peanut farmers over $300 million over the past twelve year.

In 1997, Dr. Todd was included in a joint Peanut Collaborative Research Support Project funded by USAID, between the USDA, University of Georgia, University of Florida and Bolivia. Later, Dr. Culbreath became part of this group also. Breeding for multiple pest resis-

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tance was a main focus of this group and as result, a breeding line CRSP-14 was released as germplasm in 2008. Other lines with superior resistance to various insects and diseases are being considered for release in the near future. The main impact of this work has been to demonstrate the value of host resistance as a means whereby growers can reduce input costs without sacrificing yield and grade, the ultimate determinants of profitability.

Media Award The Georgia Peanut Commission is honoring Jennifer Whittaker, publications editor for the Georgia Farm Bureau Federation, with the Georgia Peanut Media Award. Whittaker edits the Georgia Farm Bureau News, which is published six times a year and the organization’s Georgia Neighbors magazine, which is published twice a year. In addition, she edits the organization’s weekly newsletter, Leadership Alert and helps handle media inquiries and public relations for the organization. Whittaker has received recognition from American Farm Bureau for her coverage of Georgia agriculture.

A native of Greene County, Ga., Whittaker was an active 4-Her, who grew up on a dairy farm. She is the daughter of Andrew and Catherine Whittaker and graduated from the University of Georgia with a degree in agricultural communications from the College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences.

While at UGA, Whittaker was an active member of the agriculture honor fraternity Alpha Zeta, was a member of UGA Blue Key and was inducted into AGHON, an honor organization for students from the College of Agriculture, UGA School of Forestry and College of Veterinary Medicine.

Whittaker is a member of Georgia’s Macon Chapter Q P.E.O., an international philanthropic organization dedicated to promoting educational opportunities for women, and is active in her neighborhood association.

She has also served on numerous committees of the College of Agriculture’s Alumni Association. When she’s not covering Georgia agriculture, her hobbies include gardening, antiquing, reading and watching Georgia football.

Export Award The Georgia Peanut Commission is recognizing Stephanie Grunenfelder, vice president of International Marketing at the American Peanut Council, with the Export Award. She has been at the council since August of 2006. She supervises marketing programs on behalf of the peanut industry in Canada, Mexico and Japan and also manages the industry’s Peanut Butter for Hungry Initiative, which began in 2007. Before joining the council, she was the director of nutrition research and education for the Mushroom Council and director of marketing for the Florida Tomato Committee, both agricultural trade associations.

Grunenfelder has a master’s degree in Nutrition Education and completed the University of Florida’s Leadership Program for Agriculture and Natural Resources in 1999. She currently serves on the Food Aid Consultative Group, a group of ag industry advisors to the U.S. government on international food aid, and on the See AWARDS, page 11

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cases, it matures about 7-10 days later.

The one late maturing cultivar we currently Continued from page 7 have is Georgia-02C but seed supply will be very limited in 2011. It typically takes 2-3 weeks later to mature than Georgia Green or Georgia Greener. It is recommended DO NOT plant Georgia-02C after May 15.

Seed availability is another issue with selecting a cultivar. When a new cultivar is released there is usually a very limited supply of seed. It typically takes 2-3 years after the cultivar is released to build the seed supply to an adequate level to meet producers’ demands. On the other end of the spectrum, when an older cultivar is under less demand, seed supply dwindles. An example of this would be Georgia Green and Georgia-02C, both of which have seen demand for seed drop dramatically the past few years. There will be very limited seed of both cultivars in 2011.

One other factor that might have a bearing on cultivar selection is seed size. Several of the new cultivar releases have considerably larger seed size than Georgia Green. These cultivars include Georgia-06G, Florida-07, Tifguard, and Georgia-07W. Their seed size results in it taking 30 or more pounds per acre to plant when sown at the same seed per foot of row rate as Georgia Green. For example, when planting Georgia Green at 6 seed per foot of row it typically requires 105-110 pounds per acre. At the same 6 seed per foot of row rate, Georgia-06G, Tifguard, Georgia07W, and Florida-07 will end up planting 135-140+ pounds per acre. At approximately $0.75 per pound for seed it costs about $20-25 more per acre to plant large-seeded runner cultivars than Georgia Green. Georgia Greener and Georgia-02C have what we refer to as “medium” size seed, similar to what the Florunner cultivar had and planting those at 6 seed per foot of row will result in planting about 120-125 pounds per acre, or about 10-15 pounds per acre more than Georgia Green.

Cultivars

results in less mortality of slightly weaker plants from a more aggressive neighboring Continued from page 9 plant. In single rows, there is a greater occurrence of the “survival of the fittest” scenario as the plants mature, expand, and compete for resources.

Data from UGA research over the last few years tend to defend previous reports that a final plant stand between three and four plants per foot will suffice in single row pattern. However, a slightly higher final stand (at least four and a half plants per foot or more) may be necessary in twin rows to achieve maximum yield, yet this can usually still be achieved when planting six seed per foot of row. But in single row pattern, a reduced seeding rate as low as five seed per foot of row at planting should achieve three to four plants per foot of row when good planting practices are followed (maintain an appropriate speed, use quality seed, plant into soil with enough moisture for seedlings to emerge, etc.). Thus, a reduced seeding rate in single row pattern can increase profits by lowering seed cost at planting while still maximizing yield. Knowing that increasing plant stand does not automatically mean increased yields, especially at very dense populations, it becomes critical to only plant the amount of seed necessary to optimize plant stand. Anything above that level is a waste of seed since it will not result in improved yields, and will only end up reducing net profit.

This is true regardless of whether planting in single or twin row pattern.

Awards

Continued from page 10

Thursday, January 20, 2011 11

U.S. Ag Export Development Council.

Grunenfelder and her husband have three children.

Special Award The Georgia Peanut Commission is recognizing Sally Wells of Birdsong Peanuts with the Georgia Peanut Special Award. Wells is a native of Colquitt, Ga., and has spent her entire working career in the peanut industry. After graduating from Valdosta State University with a major in Speech Communication and a minor in Public Relations, she began working for Farmers Fertilizer and Milling Company, a local peanut sheller, in Colquitt, Ga. She later worked for Tri-State America and Seabrook Peanut Company. During her career, she served on many committees for the American Peanut Sheller’s Association and most recently, she served on the steering committee for the Georgia FOODPAC. She is currently employed as the Logistics and Administrative Manager for Birdsong Peanuts SE Division in Blakely, Ga., and also is the current Chairman of the Peanut Institute. Recently, she helped organize the Peanut Butter for Haiti Project for the peanut industry.

Locally, she has served on the Board of the Colquitt/Miller Arts Council, is an active alumnus of Leadership Colquitt, and helped organize the 2009 and 2010 Peanut Proud Expo in Blakely, Ga. While working for Birdsong, she resides in Atlanta, Ga., with her husband, Penn Wells.

Seeding

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