• iii. Quantity Surveyor
• iii. Quantity Surveyor • An essential part of any design process involves cost control. The costing services for smaller, less complex building projects are generally provided by the principle designer working in conjunction with the client and specialist designer. • For large or more complex projects it is usual that a quantity surveyor is employed to give cost advice and sometimes a cost control service.
• The quantity surveyor’s primary role is to prepare a bill of quantities from the drawings and secification supplied by the design team (Architects, C+S Engineer’s, M+E engineer and others). • This itemises the type, form and amount of materials to be used in the construction project. The bill of quantities will also define the legal requirements for the project, including the form of contract to be adopted between the client and the contractor.
Engineer (Civil and structural) [C+S Engineer]
[Civil Engineering] Is defined as construction of roads, bridges, tunnelling, motorways, etc. There is often a certain amout of building work in civil engineering construction.
[Structural Engineer]
• Structural Engineering • The works undertaken by professionals Structural Engineering in the building industry: • [1]. Structural Engineering deals especially with the calculation of the structural parts in a building. When projects consist mainly of structural work, the civil or structural engineer will be the principal designer. • [2]. The Typical Main Roles of Civil Engineer - Plan, construct and maintain every construction aspect - building. • [3]. Conduct feasibility study, Carry out analysis and structural design for the project. • [4]. Prepare structural and detail drawings. Ensure the construction works comply with specification and standard of the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984.
• v. Building Services Engineer
• v. Building Services Engineer • Mechanical and Electrical Engineer • The works undertaken by professionals Mechanical and Electrical Engineer in the building industry: • [1]. Building services engineers work with other designers and are concerned with the environmental control. • [2]. Mechanical engineer concerned with the principles of force, energy and motion. They are professionals with expert knowledge of the design and manufacture of mechanical systems and thermal devices and processes. Air conditioning, lifts, fire protection system, etc. • [3]. Works on electrical system of a building. Also deals with large-scale industries, such as power transmission and electrical machinery.
• vi. Nominated sub-contractor
• vi. Nominated sub-contractor • Nominated sub contractor feature as a member of the design team and as member of the construction team. This is because, as well as carrying out work on site, they are often involved in the design and planning of the speacialist works in advance of the appoitment of the main contractor. • Roof material/constructions, Lift design, Security system, Building automation system and etc.
b. THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM
•
Contractor (or principal contractor)
•
The principle contractor will be a contractor, being a person or a firm managing a construction contract for which they have been appointed by the employer (client).
•
The employer must be reasonably satisfied that such principal contractor is competent and can allocate sufficient resources to ensure compliance with the requlations.
•
The principal contractor is required to take over and develop the heatlh and safety plan, to coordinate and activities of all contractors so that the comply with health and safety law.
• •
Site agent Site agent or foreman, described in the contract as the person-in-charge – group of workers on site.
• Iii.
Nominated Sub-Contractor
• Nominated sub contractor feature as a member of the design team and as member of the construction team. This is because, as well as carrying out work on site, they are often involved in the design and planning of the speacialist works in advance of the appoitment of the main contractor. • Roof material/constructions, Lift design, Security system, Building automation system and etc.
• Iv. Domestic Sub-Contractor • Sub contractor may also be classed as small contractors. The classification of sub contractor owes more to the fact these companies provide specialist services to small, medium and large companies in order for them to complete their contract. • They may be labour only or labour and materials. On large contracts sub-contractor may be nominated. This means that they have been recognised specialism such as lift installation, refrigeration or fire control. They are appointed by the architect. All other sub-contractors are appointed by the contractor.
• The work range typically covers; • Domestic services (water, gas, electric, heating and drainage). • Refrigeration • Tranportation (lift, escalators and travelators) • Suspended ceilings • Scaffolding • Groundwork • False work/ artificial works. • Trades (brickwork, joinery, plumbing, electrical, decorating and plastering) • Landscaping • Shopfitting • Roofing
C. AND IN ADDITION THE EMPLOYER MAY APPOINT :
• i. Cleark of works • The CLERK OF WORKS (COW) is normally appointed by the employer to act, under the direction of the architect, solely as an inspector of the works. Traditionally, he is likely to be an experienced tradesman, perhaps a carpenter and joiner or bricklayer. •
However, with today’s highly complex and hightech buildings, the architect, who will normall recommend the appointment, may need a technically experienced or qualified person (and here the Institute of Clerk of Works will be able to assit – Uk construction contexts).
• Cont. • The clerk of works should be ready to take up his duties some time before the date for possession (how soon will depend on the size and complexity of the project), and will usually be resident on site for the duration of the contract, or will visit on a regular basis.
• BUILDING TRADES THAT INVOLVED IN SMALL SCALE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION and JOB SPECIFICATIONS. • (DOMESTIC SUB-CONTRACTOR).
• Building trades that involved on site are consider as operatives team; operatives on site traditionally distinguish themselves as skilled and unskilled workers :
• Craft : operatives have expertise (based upon years of practice) in specific trade areas related to the materials or technical system in which they have developed skills.
• Labourers : generally asist the craftbased operatives by mixing transporting components, materials and accessories as required, and by cleaning and clearing premises ready for accupation on completion.
• Traditional construction craft include:
 Bricklayers - Bedding both bricks and concrete block in course mortar.
Stretcher bonds
Stretcher bonds
 Carpenters – working on site with timber components, making, cutting and fixing both structural and non-structural elements, permanent and temporary (called formwork), concealed and decorative.
 Concretors and floor layers – spreading ground slabs to correct thickness and levelling floor screeds.
 Demolition specialists – taking down existing construction safely, retaining materials fo salvage as required.
 Joiners/woodworking machinists – in workshops producing timber components such as doors, windows, staircase and panelling. They will be on site for installations.
GLAZIER Perform the installation, maintenance, or repair of glass in residential or commercial structures.
 Painter and decorators – preparing surface and applying paint, vanish, wallpaper, fabrics, or ceramic tiles, sometimes also glazing and sign-wiring.
Building Trades : Painter
 Plasterer – mixing and applying gypsum plaster or cement rendering, achieving decorative affects (including on both plasterboard and expanded metal lath).
ï‚· Plumbers
 Plumbers Traditionally specializing in leadwork for roof coverings and pipes, but now working also with other metals and plastics, installing rainwater goods and flashing, boilers and heating system, gas appliances, hot and cold water systems, and sanitaryware.
ï‚· Roofer
Slaters/tilers – using their products both for roof – covering and for wall-cladding.
Stone masons – with ‘bankers’ cutting and smoothing the stones, while ‘fixers’ erect them prepared.
 Wall and floor tilers – cutting and layering ceramic tiles of different kinds to particular patterns.
ï‚· Future
Specialist Trades Dome Construction
Specialist Trades Raised Floor System
Specialist Trades Traditional Craftsmen
Thank You Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak