d ite n Lim itio Ed Domestic Affairs Reagan in Office Celebrity Gossip, Music, and Sports News Book Review (IT) by:Stephen King
By: Abby, Tori, and Pablo
Table of Contents Page 1……………….………...…Education
Page 13……………......Film and Theater
Page 2………………..……Foreign Affairs
Page 14…………….…………...……Culture
Page 3…………………..…Foreign Affairs
Page 15…………….…...Law and justice
Page 4……………….………….Stereo (ad)
Page 16…………………….………....Music
Page 5…………...……….,.....….. Fashion
Page 17……...............Nail Polish (ad)
Page 6…………………...…….........Sports
Page 18………………...Domestic Affairs
Page 7…………...…………Gatorade (ad)
Page 19………………...Domestic Affairs
Page 8……………………..……..….... Food
Page 20…………..………..Book Review
Page 9……………..….....Sunscreen (ad)
Page 21………….……...80s Crossword
Page 10…………....………..Way we lived
Page 22…………….…………...Vans (ad)
Page 11……………..………..Pacman (ad)
Page 23………….….....Celebrity Gossip
Page 12…....Government and Politics
Page 24…………………...……Work cited Page 25…………………...……Work cited
Education
Schooling in the 80s was very similar to the school system the US has right now but had many key differences as well. The day started at 9:00 and ended around 3:20, 5 days a week with 55 minute periods. They took the same types of classes including English, Social Studies, Math, Science, Physical Education/Health, and other Electives. Many sports were offered in the 80s, during school, with the exception of soccer. There was far less emphasis on the idea that every high school student should plan on going to college after graduation. Some kids were cut out for it and some weren't. Those who weren't were still expected to go out and be productive in some sort of trade. Although there had already been the invention of laptops, computers were only used in the classroom if you were specifically taking a class on computers. There were also some education reforms that took place during this time period. In the 1980's, some of the
momentum of education reform moved from the left to the right, with the release of A Nation at Risk, Ronald Reagan's efforts to reduce or eliminate the United States Department of Education began. Reagan’s other goals concerning education included promoting prayer in the schools and tuition tax credits. The overriding concern in the 80's was the quality of American education. Study after study documented the poor performance of students in every subject area, in comparison both with those of the past and with those of other countries, or warned about the consequences of failing to educate poor and minority children. Reform of teacher education and of the teaching profession became a key item on the agenda of the 80's. State legislatures pursued reform in different ways: They raised graduation requirements, increased teachers' salaries, devised career ladders, and opened up alternative certification for new teachers. 1
Foreign In 1984 the United States of America Hosted the Olympics. They were held in Los Angeles, California. The previous Olympics, in 1980 were held in Moscow, Russia. The United States of America decided not to participate in the games. Russia had just invaded Afghanistan. The United States did not support the attack on Afghanistan. As a result of the United states boycotting the 1980 olympics, 54 other countries decided not to participate in the 1980 olympics. This put Russia into a difficult situation. When it was time for the Russians to attend the 1984 olympics in The United states. The soviets and other countries including East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, Mongolia and North Korea met with the olympic committee. The Russians said that if the United States and President Reagan could not provide safe conditions for the athletes that Russia would not participate. During this time many Americans were protesting communism and the Soviets.
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Affairs The Soviets stated “ It is known from the very first days of preparations for the present Olympics the American administration has sought to set course at using the Games for its political aims. Chauvinistic sentiments and anti-Soviet hysteria are being whipped up in this country� In response President Reagan said that the Soviets were clearly using this for political gain and there was no real justification for why they were boycotting the Olympics. In the next few days 13 other communist countries announced they were also boycotting the 1984 games. In 1988, the olympics were held in seoul. Once again leading to a political divide amongst olympic participants. Neighboring countrie North Korea Boycotted the games. This further divide the peninsula and clearly showed indications that North Korea had no intentions of resolving the political differences between the two countries. Through the 80s there were 3 olympics each showing the division between countries and the tension of the cold war, mirroring what was going on in society.
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n o i h s a F The 80s fashion stood out. It was filled with colors and new designs. The 80s fashion influenced many clothes we wear today. Many popular types of clothings were bodysuits, cher dress, see-through layers, chunky jewelry, Menswear on women, mini skirts, high waisted jeans, and oversized denim jackets.
The 80s fashion was all about being big and bold. Fashion from the decade was modeled by women such as Madonna, Cindy Crawford, and Whitney Houston. Madonna wore bold and edgy looks while Whitney Houston wore elegant and glamorous. Cindy Crawford showed off big brands. The 80s makeup and hair was full and fearless. Hair was wild and full of volume. Women wanted there hair curled. The makeup was extra and intense. Women wore the eyeshadow full and bright. They used colors like black and blue and put it all 5 over they eye not just on the eyelid.
Sports
Diego Armando Maradona Franco, born 30 October 1960 in Buenos Aires, is an Argentine former footballer. He has served as a manager and coach at other clubs as well as for the national team of Argentina. Many experts, football critics, former players, current players and football fans regard Maradona as the greatest football player of all time. He was the captain and poster boy of Argentina, and he broke English football fans’ hearts on this day in 1986 with one of the most controversial moments ever in world soccer – quickly followed by one of its most exciting. The two teams met in the quarter-finals of the World Cup on a blazing hot afternoon in Mexico City. After a slow start to the tournament England had clicked into gear, with striker Gary Lineker scoring five goals to that point, while Argentina were considered dangerous and skilful opposition. Added to the normal tensions of such a match was the fact that grudges were still held between the nations. He scored both goals in a 2–1 victory over England that entered football history for two different reasons. The first goal was an unpenalized handling foul known as the "Hand of God", while the second goal followed a 60 m (66 yd) dribble past five England players, voted "The Goal of the Century".
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Food There were many staple food that were placed on the shelves for the first time in the 80s, once of the most famous being Lunchables. In 1985, Oscar Mayer was looking for a way to reposition its meats which were declining in popularity and sales. Bob Drane, the company's vice president, was given the task to "contemporize what we've got." He assembled a team of 15 people with varied skills, from design to food science to advertising, to create something completely new a convenient, prepackaged lunch for kids. After sifting through a host of failures, the model they fell back on was the American TV dinner and after some brainstorming about names Lunch Kits? Go-Packs? Fun Mealz?, Lunchables were born.The trays flew off the grocery-store shelves as the marketing that was targeting towards kids became very popular. Sales hit a phenomenal $218 million in the first 12 months. Annual sales kept climbing, past $500 million, past $800 million; at last count, including sales in Britain, they were approaching the $1 billion mark. Even today children beg their parents to purchase lunchables today, as their appeal has still remained prominent with the youth.
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Way We Lived Entertainment for children has changed a lot in the recent decades. Kids today hookup their console or fire up their iPad and away they go. In the 80s, they had to play at the local arcade, which was usually populated with a bunch of excited kids. Some of the biggest arcade games are even popular today which include, Pac Man, Donkey Kong, and Centipede. Like everything in the 1980s, toys were much harder than those now. Those Lego castles didn’t build themselves and those Rubik’s Cubes didn’t solve themselves, when kids were not in the arcade they were usually playing with either their legos or trying to solve their rubix cubes. Even though neither the rubix cube or Legos were invented in the 80s it was in the 80s the rubix cubes and legos really blew up. People all over the place were going crazy over these two toys.
In the 80s there also were no mobile phones which meant communication was much different. Some of the games that every kid most definitely had were the famous Monopoly, a very involved game that took many hours to play. The purpose was to dominate the board with real estate and win all the money in the process. As well as Hungry Hippo where they players had to hit the lever until the hippo ate all of the marbles that were rolling around. They also had Operation where the player was supposed to get out all the parts of the toy’s body without touching the sides because if the player did, it would make a loud noise and his nose would light up. 10
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Government and Politics In American politics, the 1980s was the decade of Ronald Reagan. Reagan was sworn into office on January 20, 1981. His vision of the nation and his conservative agenda shaped the economic and political fortunes of the United States throughout the decade and even into the next. The populist conservative movement known as the New Right enjoyed unprecedented growth in the 1980s and was a major part of his presidency. Reagan and his administration had a profound influence on the way Americans thought about themselves and the world at large. From the beginning of his time in office, Reagan conducted foreign policy according to the belief that communism was the enemy and any enemy of communism was a friend of the United States. It mattered little to Reagan or members of his administration if the groups or governments they supported were less than honorable. As long as they were fighting communism, the Reagan administration supplied the money and arms to do so. Reagan sought to protect the country and destroy communism at the same time by building up the might of the American military. He ordered over $1 trillion in new defense spending and proposed the development of a defense shield around the country, based both on the ground and in
space, that would destroy any nuclear missiles launched against the United States. Reagan and his administration believed the shield would allow the nation to retaliate to a nuclear strike and win a nuclear war. Exactly how the space shield would work remained unclear. Many experts believed the science behind the plan was impossible. Others believed the plan was merely science fiction.
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d n a Film
r e t a e h T
The film and theater of the 80s was a very influential part of the decade and has made a lasting impression, even on the youth of today. They have become classics that every kid has grown up watching. One of the most popular children’s movie that was made in the 80s was The Outsiders which was based on the novel written by S.E. Hilton. It has made its ways into the hearts of many as its tear-jerking, coming of age story leaves people with a lasting memory. This movie was one of the first for many well known actors of today, including Tom Cruise and Patrick Swayze. Another very popular film of the 80s was Heathers, the original Mean Girls that became a cult classic. Heathers is the story of popular girls with matching outfits, hair, and first names. The movie became such a comedic class that it inspired an off-Broadway musical hit years later.
The all time favorite of a majority of people is most definitely The Breakfast Club. This classic gave birth to high school stereotypes as we know them now: the jock, the princess, the nerd, the misunderstood rebel. With its killer soundtrack and memorable scenes, this climbed to the top of the charts in a flash. There were also many popular musicals that came out on Broadway in the 80s that are still running today. These include the musical Cats, composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats by T. S. Eliot.. The musical tells the story of a tribe of cats called the Jellicles and the night they make what is known as "the Jellicle choice", filled with dancing and singing that entertain audiences to this day. 13
Culture 80s culture was filled with vibrant colors and rock music, that have created lasting memories for those who have lived it. It was not uncommon to see children with the walkman, the latest and the greatest way to easily listen to music on the go. Kids would pass notes in school, as well as tease their hair the most possible, as the bigger, the better. Big hair was not the only regrettable fashion choice of this decade, the unforgettable mullet was the chosen hairstyle of much of the youth. Small mobile phones did not exist during this time, and most had the famous phone cord.
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Movies rented from the video store on VCR had to be rewound for the next viewer. Kids played with slap bracelets and rubik’s cubes. Unfortunately, there was a large drug culture in schools and across society during this time. Some of the most popular T.V. shows that people used to watch included The Cosby show and Cheers. The best cartoons that were viewed by the kids of this decade included Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Duck Tales, and Chip N Dale Rescue Rangers.
Law and Justice Batson v. Kentucky: Batson was an African American male convicted of second-degree burglary and receipt of stolen goods. The only problem was he did not have a jury of his peers. The prosecutor on the case use what is called as the peremptory challenge. He said that the 4 African American jurys would be bias and racist so they were kicked off the panel. In return Batson had a jury of all whites.
When the case reached the supreme court Batson argued that the prosecutor violated his 6 and 14 amendment rights. The 6th amendment states he has the right to an impartial jury and the 14th states he has the right to equal protection under the law. The supreme court agreed and said that the prosecutor violated his rights and lost the trust of the judicial system for the public.
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Music Rock music was very popular in the eighties and during this time, many famous bands, even in today’s day in age, were dominating the charts. Bands like Guns n Roses, Motley Crue, and Bon Jovi were some of the most popular during this time period. On August 1, 1981, MTV went on the air for the first time. Originally it was created as a way for record companies to promote
new music. Videos shown on MTV quickly became an industry standard and practically a requirement for bands to make their music known. This platform mostly showed rock music but then changed to feature music by artists like Michael Jackson. The popularity of Van Halen in the late 1970s led to an explosion of long-haired, loud metal bands in the 1980s. Other bands, like Metallica, started to play hardcore punk and created thrash metal, which lead to the creation of even more extreme types of metal, such as death metal, and power metal. The 1980s saw the emergence of dance music and new wave, as s disco fell out of fashion in the decade's early years. Pop music was another very popular genre in the 80s as well. Artists like Michael Jackson, Madonna, Whitney Houston, and Prince were huge during this time period. Some of the huge hits were songs like “Take on Me”, “Beat It”, and “Don’t Stop Believing”. 16
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Domestic
For many United States Citizens, the 70s was a very troubling time with the Vietnam War, economic crisis, and the Watergate scandal. This caused many Americans to embraced a new conservatism in social, economic and political life during the 1980s, characterized by the policies of President Ronald Reagan, who was president at this time. Ronald Reagan became president on January 20, 1981 after Jimmy Carter, and served for two terms.
In addition, the populist conservative movement known as the New Right enjoyed unprecedented growth in the 1980s. It appealed to a diverse assortment of Americans, including Christians, anti-tax supporters, advocates of deregulation and smaller markets, advocates of a more powerful American presence abroad, disaffected white liberals, and defenders of an unrestricted free market, all in response to the economic collapse in the previous decade. Many were also frustrated by what they saw as the federal government’s constant, costly and inappropriate interference in the issues of other countries. The movement resonated with many citizens who had once supported more liberal policies but who no longer believed the Democratic Party represented their interests. Like many other American leaders during the Cold War, President Reagan believed that the spread of communism must be stopped at all times, and threatened freedom everywhere. As a result, his administration was eager to provide financial and military aid to anti communist governments and insurgencies around the world. This policy was known as the Reagan 18 Doctrine.
Affairs
Huge increases in military spending (during the Reagan administration, Pentagon spending would reach $34 million an hour) were not offset by spending cuts or tax increases elsewhere. By early 1982, the United States was experiencing its worst recession since the Great Depression. Nine million people were unemployed in November of that year. Businesses closed, families lost their homes and farmers lost their land. The economy slowly righted itself, however, and “Reaganomics” grew popular again. Many also overlooked the fact that Reagan’s policies created record budget deficits: In his eight years in office, the federal government accumulated more debt than it had in its entire history.
Despite many problems during his presidency, Reagan is considered one of the best presidents due to the many improvements he made to the United States. In Reagan’s first year in office he engineered a three-stage 25 percent income tax reduction. In the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the top marginal rate was lowered to 28 percent. Deregulation, or the removal of government regulations on some industries, would, it was hoped, lower costs and boost profits for employers while lowering prices for consumers. During Reagan's first term, the trucking and telephone industries were deregulated, and clean air standards for cars were lowered. 19
Book Review IT By: Stephen King
It is a horror novel written by Stephen King. The events in this book take place in the spring of 1985. Every twenty-seven years since the dawn of time, It, an scary, grotesque creature who lives in the unmapped labyrinth of sewers beneath Derry, comes back to murder small children and adults. King’s narrative details the young and adult lives of Bill, Richie, Stan, Bev, Eddie and Mike, who are part of “The Loser’s Club”. It deals with themes that eventually became King staples: the power of memory, childhood trauma and its recurrent echoes in adulthood, the ugliness lurking behind small-town quaintness, and overcoming evil through mutual trust and sacrifice. This horrifying novel has remained one of Stephen King’s most popular throughout the decades, haunting readers even to this day. This amazing novel has even influenced film as a two movies have been made based on the novel, the most recent being in 2017.
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Celebrity Gossip Vanessa Williams is dethroned! In 1983 Vanessa Williams was named the first African American Miss America. She was an actor and she played in big movies such as, Temptation: confessions of a marriage counselor, and Ugly betty. 2 years before she gave up her crown she had taken some scandals photos. The photos were never released by her, but the photographer who took the photos was paid by a popular magazine of the time, the Penthouse, to give them the pictures. The magazine released the pictures and wrote an article about how it was not appropriates for her to be crowned Miss. America. In addition, many other famous people said she should not win either. In response to this criticism, in 1984 she voluntarily decided to give up her crown.
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Work cited “IV.C.2f-2 Agreement on Government Procurement (without Appendices) (15 April 1994).” International Law & World Order, pp. 1–22., doi:10.1163/ilwo-ivc2f-2. Doder, Dusko. “Soviets Withdraw From Los Angeles Olympics.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 9 May 1984, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/05/09/soviets-withdraw-from-los-angeles-olympi cs/027363e6-4d89-4dd9-b0d7-89a05a567f11/?utm_term=.a323f1d0892f. “Soviets Announce Boycott of 1984 Olympics.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviets-announce-boycott-of-1984-olympics. Latson, Jennifer. “Why Vanessa Williams Gave Up Her Miss America Crown.” Time, Time, 23 July 2015, time.com/3961120/miss-america-scandal-vanessa-williams/. "Batson v. Kentucky." Oyez, 15 May. 2018, www.oyez.org/cases/1985/84-6263. “Do You Miss The 80s? Graphic Design Ads We All Remember.” Bright Vessel, Judd Https://Www.brightvessel.com/Wp-Content/Uploads/2015/09/BV-Logo-Stacked-Transparency-30 0x142.Png, 9 Feb. 2016, www.brightvessel.com/do-you-miss-the-80s/. Cristina. “80s.” Pinterest, 2 July 2014, www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/394627986071686196/. Ravitch, Diane. “Education in the 1980's: A Concern for 'Quality'.” Education Week, Editorial Project in Education, 18 Nov. 2016, www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1990/01/10/09200009.h09.html. Imgur. “Vintage Ads from the 80s.” Imgur, 11 Jan. 2018, imgur.com/gallery/XVKcn. About Me | Diego Maradona Official - Welcome to Diego Armando Maradona's Official Website, www.diegomaradonagroup.com/about-me/. 24
Cory, Samurai. “Vintage Advertising.” Pinterest, 10 June 2014, www.pinterest.com/pin/357402920401753089/. “Music Poster Books.” In The 80s - Prices in the Eighties, www.inthe80s.com/food/lunchables0.shtml. Cameron, B (Minister for Corrections, Victoria) 2007, Construction begins on high security unit, media release, Victoria, 28 March, viewed 16 April 2007, <http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au>. Douglas, N, Douglas, G & Derrett, R (eds) 2001, Special interest groups: context and cases, John Wiley & Sons, Brisbane, Qld. Farley, J 2008, ‘The role of prices in conserving critical natural capital', Conservation Biology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1399-1408. Guidebook to social security law 1983, CCH Australia, North Ryde, NSW Hatch, JA 2002, Doing qualitative research in education settings, State University of New York, Albany. Kneller, JP 1963a, Is logical thinking logical?, Ponsonby & Partridge, Dubbo. ----- 1963b, 'Thinking and logical interaction', Brain Logic, vol. 257, no. 4, pp. 54-6 Man with the movie camera 1998, video recording, Chatsworth, CA. Distributed by Image Entertainment. Directed by Dziga Vertov. O'Connor, DJ 1957, An introduction to the philosophy of education, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. Peirson, G, Brown, R, Easton, S, Howard, P & Pinder, S 2006, Business finance, 9th edn, McGraw-Hill, North Ryde, NSW. 25