STUDIO
AIR
JOURNAL PART A
Hagi Hagianti
2017 - 755340 Tutor: Manuel Muehlbauer 1
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Table of Content A.0. Intoduction A.1. Design Futuring A.2. Design Computation A.3. Composition/Generation A.4. Conclusion A.5. Learning Outcomes A.6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
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A.0. iNTRODUCTION
Hello, I’m Hagianti. I’m an International Student from Indonesia and I’ve been in Melbourne since 2014. I’m currently studying at The University of Melbourne, Bachelor of Environments majoring in Architecture. I actually prefer designing with hands because I have strength with touch, and can express my feeling through my hands into a work of art. Digital Architecture is a new world for me and I have no experiences with it at all. I struggled a lot with using new architectural softwares last semester like Autocad and Rhino. Rhino is one of the most difficult software for me so far. And I am still learning it now. Architectural software like Rhino and Grasshopper sound frightening to me. But in order to be a great architect, I have to learn these softwares. Moreover, learning new softwares that are challenging like this trains my perseverence that is important as a future architect.
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Architecture Design Studio: Earth Brief: A place for keeping secret Software: Autocad, Rhino, Lumion
Architecture Design Studio: Earth Brief: A place for keeping secret Software: Autocad, Photoshop
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pART A: CONCEPTUALISATION
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“.. critical design aims to challenge how people think about everyday life. In doing this, it strives to keep alive other possibilities by providing a counterpoint to the world around us and encouraging us to see that everyday life could be different.� 2
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Figure A1.1. Global Warming Source: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-overview/
a.1. design futuring We are now living in a world that has an increasing destruction of natural environments. One of the causes is climate change. One of the biggest contribution to climate change is due to the greenhouse gas emissions, which apparently the impact of buildings on energy consumption. As the damage towards our ecosystem is increasing because of human actions, design futuring is needed. Design futuring has two roles, which are making the defuturing slower and redirecting building design to 1
be more sustainable for habitation. Architecture should be redesigned with speculative design , which combining exploration of ideas with technology development that does not only make design ‘fancy’, but make a design that is responding to the problem of design today, consideration 2
to the cultural landscape, and has a a better impact for the future ecological system sustainability.
1. Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16. 2. Anthony Dunne & Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45.
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Figure A1.2. MPavilion, AL_A Architects, Melbourne’s Queen Victoria Gardens Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2015/10/05/amanda-levete-architects-mpavilion-queen-victoria-gardens-melbourne-australia-fibreglass-forest-petals/
MPavilion, AL_A Architects, Melbourne's Queen Victoria Gardens MPavilion that is built for workshops to performances and
Also, to create such lightness with great strength on this
exhibitions in Melborune, the end of 2015, is one of examples for
shelter, materials and technologies developed for the
architectural design that applies speculative design.
aerospace industry are used for this temporary structure.
This pavilion is a light open structure that allows wind,
This pavilion also provides sustainability for the
fresh air, and view of the garden to be celebrated
environment through the shelter that is made
in this natural shelter. This is very sustainable because it provides
from fibreglass fabrication, to create transparency,
natural cooling during summer. It also has a deep
to allow natural sunlight to come in. The overlapping
consideration for the landscape surround it that can be seen
fibreglass petals that are very dense allowing sunlight to
from its structure that mimics the trees suround
filter through, so there is no need to use energy
this pavilion, that make this pavilion have integration
for lighting, especially during the day. During the night,
with the garden.
the LEDs within the petals are activated at sunset, creating illumination of the structure at night.
3. Design Boom. About MPavilion, accessed 10 March 2016, from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/al_a-amanda-levete-mpavilion-melbourne-queen-victoria-gardens-10-05-2015/
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Figure A1.3. Louverwall, AND Architect, South Korea Source: http://www.archdaily.com/796733/louverwall-and
Louverwall, AND Architect, South Korea Louverwall is a residential building that uses an algorithm
This Parametric Louver Design System does not just simply
called Parametric Louver Design System to produce
block the summer sun. But the algorithm calculates
best performing louver to create a sustainable design
how much the summer sun is blocked, and how much the
building. The focus will be the west facade that is
winter sun can be brought in. This curtain wall that provides
energy efficient and transparent.
glazed faรงade with soft daylight creates sustainability to this
The aluminium louvers that cover the curtain wall prevents
residential building that is situated in such a city that is
the excessive light that come through during summer, but still
quite high in contributing for pollution, by reducing
allow heat to come during winter.
the extra cooling and heating load to the building.4
4. Archdaily. About Louverwall, accessed 10 March 2016, from http://www.archdaily.com/796733/louverwall-and.
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Figure A1.4. Louverwall, AND Architect, South Korea Source: http://www.archdaily.com/796733/louverwall-and Figure A1.5. Louverwall, Section A Source: http://www.archdaily.com/796733/louverwall-and Figure A1.6. Louverwall, Section B Source: http://www.archdaily.com/796733/louverwall-and
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Figure A2.1.Beijing National Stadium.
a.2. design computing Design is when we are facing a situation that is contrast with some expected situation, and when the solutions to it are not clear immediately. Therefore, Design is aimed to achieve to a transparent destination, and there should be a way to achieve it.5
One of many ways to achieve the clear solution to solve the design problems is by using computers. There are differences between ‘computerization’ and ‘computation’ that are mostly confused and get mixed up. ‘Computerization’ is when the ideas from architects are documented in computer for example using AutoCad to visualize the idea because it is easier to edit, copy and paste. 6 Meanwhile, ‘computation’, helps designer to develop their capability to solve some very advanced problems. Computation helps the designer to develop basic form into some complex form easier, rather than do it manually.
5. Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 6. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
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Figure A2.2.Beijing National Stadium.
Beijing National Stadium, 'The Bird's Nest', China
 "The parametric design helped to work out the sightlines, the bowl geometry, airflow to keep the grass in good condition, seismic studies and the design of the external envelope."
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7. Beijing National Stadium. (2017). http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/
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The stadium has very large steel structure,
But as we know, computation exceeds the intelligence
approximately 26 km of unwrapped steel and
of the architect and improving ability to solve
has a volume of three million cubic metres.
such highly difficult problems.
The shape is based on a bird’s nest, a pattern
To get the best design, parametric design
inspired by Chinese-style crazed pottery. While designing the stadium, architects and
software is very needed to be used.
engineers also make sure that all spectators
for different utilities, sustainability of the stadium
get convenient seats and best view.
is also created and achieved optimumly.
Also, the different utilities of the stadium should
For example, to calculate the temperature and airflow speed
considered as well. For example, “the most important
at each structure’s angle and optimization of all ventilation,
view is at the finish line of the running track but when
computation fluid dynamics (CDF) simulation had been used.
used for football, the best views are at the centre line.” In order for everyone to have a good view in such a huge venue was really challenging, moreover to get the calculations right. If it is done in human capabiliy, it is almost impossible, time consuming and ineffective.
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Beside considering and creating an optimum design
"While the surface of the structure is simple, the geometry is complex the calculations were so numerous and complicated that they could not be solved manually, Software was needed to make sure that the web of twisting steel sections fitted together, as they have to twist and bend to follow 9 the surface accurately."
8. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 9. Beijing National Stadium. (2017). http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/
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The Programmed Column 2, ETH Zurich, 2010
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The programmed column 2 is made by the students in ETH Zurich, who are challenged to design and fabricate 3 different brick columns, 4 metres height, due in 4 weeks. It is nearly impossible for them to accomplish it. Therefore, computation is needed.
"Computation is redefining the practice of architecture. Architects are developing digital tools that create opportunities in design process, fabrication and construction. Using built architectural projects, this issue provides insight into emerging design approaches that10 use computation as a design method". The load bearing criteria needs to be incorporated with the column design in a parametric system. “By the means of models, prototypes in 1:1 scale and digital simulations within a software package for structural analysis the students designed 3 different prototypes that were subsequently assembled on a robotic fabrication unit. “11 10. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 11. The prgrammed column 2. (2017). http://gramaziokohler.arch.ethz.ch/web/e/lehre/175.html
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a.3. composition to generation “When architects have a sufficient understanding of algorithmic concepts, when we no longer need to discuss the digital as something different, then computation can become a true method of design for architecture.” 12
The shift from composition to generation cannot be prevented as technology is arising nowadays. There has been debate between composing form and generating form. The mastermind of the the design changes from human mind to computer mind. Generation has been debated for losing the meaning of organic, true design thus creating design with deep value and meaning in it. But designing with algorithmic is considered as simple and unambigous.13 And computation provides inspiration through its generation of remarkable results. For example, an architect that wants to solve some design problems, then he explores it with sketching by algorithm and sometimes it has an outcome which is very unimaginable and complex rather than if he uses it in traditional techniques of architectural design.
12. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 13. Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12
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ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 The new research pavilion creates segmented timber shells with robotic textile fabrication techniques. The new research pavilion creates segmented timber shells with robotic textile fabrication techniques. The pavilion employs the material and structural logic of wood, based on the combination of wood’s properties and the biomimetic investigation of natural segmented plate structures. 151 various geometric elements are produced by the robotic sewing, that locks in shape the inital planar wood strips that are elastically bent to discover the particular form pre-programmed into their laminate. When assembled, the 151 various geometric elements result in a stiffy doubly curved shell structure. The pavilion shows the morphologic adaptability of the developed system by the generation of more complicated spatial ordering than just a plain shell structure. This research also discovers the development of the tectonic possibilies of wood architecture.
“The research pavilion shows how the computational synthesis of biological principles and the complex reciprocities between material, form and robotic fabrication can lead to innovative timber construction methods.” 14. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16. (2017). http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=16220
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Figure A3.4. Beijing National Stadium.
Subdivision column Subdivision process is different from traditional design processes. The single subdivision process generates from any scales, down to smaller until micro-structure. To create the subdivision column like in (figure A3.4), Hansmeyer used abstracted typical doric column as the basic logic (figure A3.5) the generative design approach on this column is by heterogenous process of subdivision algorithm which smaller surfaces are created by the division of surface. It starts from the subdivision in 2D form, and then it divides over and over again creates from simple to complex form like in (fig. A3.4). The division happens in XY plane and also Z direction This study case shows how generative design approach can do any impossible design that cannot be done by composition design approach, and how generative design approach can exceed human imag15 ination with its unexpected outcome it can create. Figure A3.5.Beijing National Stadium. 15. Subdivided Column. (2017). http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_info2.html?screenSize=1&color=1#undefined
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a.4. conclusion We are living in the era where technology is so advanced. Everything uses technology to ease work loads. Even in architecture world, technology is a must to solve problems in design process faster, more efficient and accurate. There is very rare now to use conventional method to solve design problems. It is also due to the problems that we face today is getting more challenging. Such as more problems ecologically so sustainable design approach should be achieved, more competitions, etc. By computational design using algorithm approach creates better possibilities in the future that humans are incapable to achieve. It is through the simple algorithmic that can create such complex, advancce design. Therefore, as an architect in this era, it is important to learn and explore this computational design approach.
a.5. learning outcome
Previously, I always think that conventional architecture design approach is always the best, organic, and true. I was too idealist back then. Now I see things that I have not realised before, that how computational architecture design is really important to achieve such design that can meet the needs of nowadays’ world, that conventional cannot meet. I wish in the past I can understand this fact better so I can learn little by little architecture software, especially parametric software like Grasshopper. But I still get a chance to learn this semester. Hope I do not take this chance for granted, by appreciating moments when I am exploring form findings using Grasshopper, although it is hard, and always give more generous time to study the software and how it can make my design better in the future.
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a.6. algorithmic sketches
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week 1 In this week I learn some forms such as dealunay tringulation, octa triangulation, and baking the forms of triangulation algorithm to be realistic and can be easily modified, thus can create several different forms with the same basis.
In this week, the design that most I like is “TRINITY� which reminds me of The Trinity in Christianity. It shows compilation of triangle that connects to each other that creates sense of unity.
TRINITY 29
The curvy G key is inspired by G key in the music score as the basis form, and I develop it with curve menu, with pipe definition as the addition, to create solid feature.
CURVY G KEY 30
week 2
The wavy box morph G creates illusion of dynamic perception. You will see different forms through different perspectives.
WAVY BOX MORPH 31
The water fountain form is achieved by using gridshell definition. I like this form because it gives sense of mystery and richness in the center of the form.
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WATER FOUNTAIN
week 3 The fibrous sphere gives the same feeling when I see the moon. I always hope that this fibrous sphere is the moon when we zoom in. The fiber seems to form the sphere in elegant way. It seems like the fibers are dancing while forming the sphere.
FIBROUS SPHERE
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Anthony Dunne & Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45. Archdaily. About Louverwall, accessed 10 March 2016, from http://www.archdaily.com/796733/louverwall-and. Beijing National Stadium. (2017). http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/national_stadium/ Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12 Design Boom. About MPavilion, accessed 10 March 2016, from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/al_a-amanda-levete-mpavilion-melbourne-queen-victoria-gardens-10-05-2015/ ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16. (2017). http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=16220 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 Subdivided Column. (2017). http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_info2.html?screenSize=1&color=1#undefined The prgrammed column 2. (2017). http://gramaziokohler.arch.ethz.ch/web/e/lehre/175.html Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16.
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