Case study of Marseille, France
Common points between Haifa and Marseille • Third largest city of the country
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Haifa
Marseille
City
264 900 inhab
862 400inhab
Metropolitan area
1 039 000 inhab
1 624 000 inhab
Area
64 km²
64 km²
First port of the country Very multi-cultural cities Marseille has 116 catholic churches, 50 mosques, 40 Synagogues , 4 Protestant churches and 1 mormon church
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Important university Important research pole – MATAM in Haifa – 2nd CNRS French pole ( National Centre of Science Researches)
Renewal of Marseille • • •
Project Euromediterranée is created in 1995 Considerate as a national interest operation Subsidized by : the state, the city, the Marseille urban community, the region and the general council Datas of the total area
Area of 1995
Extention
Field surface
480 ha
310 ha
+170 ha
Dwelings New Refurbished
+ 18000 + 6000
+ 4000 + 6000
+ 14 000 ND
Offices and activities
+ 1 000 000m²
+ 500 000 m²
+ 500 000 m²
Public Equipment
+ 200 000 m²
+ 100 000 m²
+ 100 000 m²
Shopping
+ 200 000 m²
+ 100 000 m²
+ 100 000 m²
Green and public spaces
+ 40 ha
+ 20 ha
+ 14 ha
Employment Inhabitants
+ 35 000 + 40 000
+ 15 000 + 10 000
+ 20 000 + 30 000
Invesment which Publics Privates
+ 7 billion €
+ 3,5 billion €
+ 3,5 billion € (estimate)
+ 1,4 billion € + 5,1 billion €
+ 600 billion € + 2,9 billion €
+ 800 billion € + 2,7 billion €
Masterplan The main aims of this project is : - to extend the city centre toward the north in conjunction with the surrounding neighborhoods - to promote the metropolitan radiation - Ensure the mutation of this deteriorated sector creating an attractive district providing mixed functional, social, generational and diversifying the transportation - Treating the interface between the port and the city
Masterplan •Transportation : - stop the A7 motorway 300m upstream and create a new entrance in the city with a big green space - bury the motorway A55 along the city to - improve the transportation systems creating new tramway lines and metro stops • Create a new sea/city connection • Create or refurbish housing • Create new cultural spaces • Create a new business centre • Create new green spaces
Extention
Laureate project designed by François Leclercq / TER / RÊmy Marciano / Jacques Sbriglio / SETEC Combining : - rehabilitation and new housing HEQ - shopping - facilities nearby - Offices - Integration in the transportation system and creation of new sweet ones (pedestrians, cyclists...)
INTERFERENCE (ĭn'tər-fîr'əns) • •
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The act or an instance of hindering, obstructing, or impeding. Physics. The process in which two or more light, sound, or electromagnetic waves of the same frequency combine to reinforce or cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting wave being equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the combining waves. Radio. – A jumbling of radio signals, caused by the reception of undesired ones. – The signals or device producing the incoherence. Football. – The act of a teammate or of teammates running ahead of a ball-carrier and blocking prospective tacklers out of the way: to run interference for the halfback. – Such a teammate or such teammates collectively: to follow one's interference. – The act of illegally hindering an opponent from catching a forward pass or a kick. Aeronautics. The situation that arises when the aerodynamic influence of one surface of an aircraft conflicts with the influence of another surface. Linguistics. – The overlapping of two languages (in bilingualism and foreign-language learning). – Deviation from the norm of either language in such a situation. The distorting or inhibiting effect of previously learned behavior on subsequent learning. Psychology. The forgetting of information or an event due to inability to reconcile it with conflicting information obtained subsequently. run interference, Informal. to deal with troublesome or time-consuming matters, as for a colleague or supervisor, esp. to forestall problems.
INTERFERENCE (ĭn'tər-fîr'əns) • •
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The act or an instance of hindering, obstructing, or impeding. Physics. The process in which two or more light, sound, or electromagnetic waves of the same frequency combine to reinforce or cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting wave being equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the combining waves. Radio. – A jumbling of radio signals, caused by the reception of undesired ones. – The signals or device producing the incoherence. Football. – The act of a teammate or of teammates running ahead of a ball-carrier and blocking prospective tacklers out of the way: to run interference for the halfback. – Such a teammate or such teammates collectively: to follow one's interference. – The act of illegally hindering an opponent from catching a forward pass or a kick. Aeronautics. The situation that arises when the aerodynamic influence of one surface of an aircraft conflicts with the influence of another surface. Linguistics. – The overlapping of two languages (in bilingualism and foreign-language learning). – Deviation from the norm of either language in such a situation. The distorting or inhibiting effect of previously learned behavior on subsequent learning. Psychology. The forgetting of information or an event due to inability to reconcile it with conflicting information obtained subsequently. run interference, Informal. to deal with troublesome or time-consuming matters, as for a colleague or supervisor, esp. to forestall problems.
INTERFERENCE (ĭn'tər-fîr'əns) Physics. The process in which two or more light, sound, or electromagnetic waves of the same frequency combine to reinforce or cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting wave being equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the combining waves. In physics, interference is the addition (superposition) of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern. Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves that are correlated or coherent with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency. Combined Waveform wave 1 wave 2 Bright bands are the result of constructive interference while the dark bands are the result of destructive interference.
Two waves in phase
Two waves 180° out of phase
MEANING ACCORDING TO HAIFA’S CASE
The waves can reinforce each other when they are in phase or cancel themselves when they are in opposite phases. In between these two extremes there are a lot of variants to be made In Haifa the waves that come together in a new pattern could be seen as the different religions But as well the see that will contact to the city and the villages in the mountains that will Interfere with the Arab neighborhoods in the city center.
Colours in oil on water by interference of white light
PARSING, PARSE (pärs) •
In computer Science and Linguistic – –
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process of analyzing a text, made of a sequence of tokens (for example, words), to determine its grammatical structure with respect to a given (more or less) formal grammar. diagramming of sentences of natural languages.
To describe (a word) by stating its part of speech, form, and syntactical relationships in a sentence. –
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To examine closely or subject to detailed analysis, especially by breaking up into components: "What are we missing by parsing the behavior of chimpanzees into the conventional categories recognized largely from our own behavior?" (Stephen Jay Gould). To make sense of; comprehend: I simply couldn't parse what you just said.
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To break (a sentence) down into its component parts of speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactical relationship of each part.
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The term parsing comes from Latin pars (ōrātiōnis), meaning part (of speech).
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In computing, a parser is one of the components in an interpreter or compiler, which checks for correct syntax and builds a data structure (often some kind of parse tree, abstract syntax tree or other hierarchical structure) implicit in the input tokens. The parser often uses a separate lexical analyzer to create tokens from the sequence of input characters. Parsers may be programmed by hand or may be (semi-)automatically generated (in some programming languages) by a tool (such as Yacc) from a grammar written in Backus-Naur form.
TRAP (trăp) •
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A contrivance for catching and holding animals, as a concealed pit or a clamplike device that springs shut suddenly.
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A stratagem for catching or tricking an unwary person.
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A confining or undesirable circumstance from which escape or relief is difficult: fell into poverty's trap.
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In sports – A defensive strategy or play, as in basketball or hockey, in which two or more defenders converge on an offensive player shortly after the player gains possession of the ball or puck.
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In computing and operating systems: –
A trap is a type of synchronous interrupt typically caused by an exceptional condition (e.g. division by zero or invalid memory access) in a user process. A trap usually results in a switch to kernel mode, wherein the operating system performs some action before returning control to the originating process. In some usages, the termtrap refers specifically to an interrupt intended to initiate a context switch to a monitor program or debugger.
PARSING TRAPS 2 interpretations: PARSING Dividing into parts, analysing small elements. TRAPS Danger During working on the urban planning solutions we should be carefull when focusing on small parts of the city or on very specific aspects. Going to far with looking for solution for a little area may cause running out of overall context. The solution can fit for particural part of our working area, but not work with whole rest. During parsing the territory, you can get into trap.
PARSING checks for correct structure TRAPS codes checking for errors in a file This approach shows the metodology of small changes in the area which heals whole surrounding. Parsing traps are not deleting all the code – they are just catching the wrong phrases. The solution for Haifa is to focus on small elements of the city which disturbs the rest of area to develop in the correct direction and trasform those disturbing elements as strong integral parts working well in existing and future city.