01 Feeling the pain , healing the pain November, 2020
02 A joyful land July, 2021
03 Somewhere in the remodel September, 2021
04 Remember the memory March, 2022
ABOUT ME Education (undergraduate): Sichuan Agricultural University /2016-2020. Product Design Department(Interior design and furniture design direction) GPA:3.6
Job: Chengdu FDL Furniture Co Ltd / Soft furnishing designer / 2020-2021. Interior soft furnishing design mainly for commercial and office projects.
01 Feeling the pain , healing the pain Narrative space design Site:Wuhou district,Chengdu,China Individual work November, 2020
Inspired by the artwork of Cambodian artist-Leang Seckon at the Hangzhou Triennial of Fibre Art in 2016. Comparing the parachutes on warplanes to 'heavy skirts' and artillery shells to 'fireworks', he presents war and misfortune in an optimistic and beautiful way. Thus, through a drama about China's Communist civil war. I wanted to present the helplessness, pain, and resignation of the common person who is unable to resist the war.
BACKGROUND
1945~1946 Victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. The CPC and KMT sign the "Double Ten Agreement".
A touch of green KMT Describes the love story of the Air Force. When everyone was immersed in the joy of victory in the War of Resistance against Japan, they immediately faced the subsequent civil war between the KMT and the CPC. The poignant story of life and death was once again forced by the flames of war.
1947 Battle of Menglianggu-a key stop in the East China war.
1948.9~1948.11 One of the "Three Great Battles" in the War of Liberation— the Battle of Liaoshen
1948.11~1949.1 One of the "Three Great Battles" in the War of Liberation— the Battle of Huaihai.
1948.11~1949.1 One of the "Three Great Battles" in the War of Liberation— the Battle of Pingjin.
1949.12.27 Jieshi Jiang fled from Chengdu to Taiwan.
5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000
CPC
0 People changes in the number of CPC and KMT.
Timeline
Story sketch
After the victory of the AntiJapanese War in August 1945, the liberation war broke out between the Communist Party（CPC） and the Kuomintang（KMT）.
Taiwan armies in American KMT and to Taiwan ople fled Some pe
Taiwan T fled to ated KM The defe
of KMT Air Force
ck stage Counteratta
e of victor At the tim
y
of The War
kick Liberation
ed off
Scenario
The story tells how Zhu Qing and Guo Zhen met and separated from each other after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War to the civil war between the KMT and the CPC. So as to convey the impermanence of war and the helplessness of people.
They made up their minds to get married.
Everyone began to look forward to a brave life.
Nanjing has pilots and female college students.
They agreed on a promise to be apart at the first snow.
They had to separate for practical reasons.
They began to approach each other.
They enhanced mutual understanding to each other.
They had some contradictions and misunderstandings.
They separated with love.
They fell in love with each other.
Guozhen sacrificed, leaving Zhuqing alone.
"Fortress besieged" The men of the city want to go out, the outside people want to go in.
"Two" There are two options at this stage: leave or stay.
"First snow" For both of them, the first snow with a different meaning.
"Navigation tower" A rocky relationship.
"Capharnaüm" A fragile and transient shelter.
"Suffering" The whole thing was broken, they were torn apart.
Guozhen left immediately after the marriage but he sacrificed during the third revolutionary war.
Facing the death of Guozhen, Zhuqing fell to the bottom of the valley.
Zhuqing gave up, and backslide because she lacked her goal and lost her direction.
Eventually, Zhuqing stopped being sunk and went back to herself like she used to be.
Zhuqing collapsed.
Zhuqing gradually lost herself.
Zhuqing went back to herself.
"Nightmare" A thousand painful thoughts rushed out.
"La Traviata" Put the deceptive mask on the face, live unrestrained dissoluteness to the life.
"Genuine and sham" Pick them up and put yourself back together.
Relationship Zhu Qing Guo Zhen The change in the relationship between two people.
Material test Zhu Qin 山河破碎风飘絮 , 身世浮沉雨打萍 . I enrolled in the Central Navigation School to prove something for the country, people and even for myself...
!"#$%&%'())*"+(,"("-#)).&." ,/01.'/2"(",%&'.1"345"'#/.2" 67($8("+#0'1.1"%'"9.1":%))#+2" 90/"9.&"/;."+%'1"-$#,,%'&"/;." )%<.6=">./"8."+.'/"/#"?('@%'&" ()#'.2"8./"A0#B;.'===
Guo Zhen 乃知人命薄 , 反不若纸厚 . Foam and PVC are used to represent the evolution of the relationship.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The phase of the relationship between two Zhuqing and Guozhen
SITE ANALYSIS Location:TaipingSi West Road,Chengdu,Sichuan Province
Population distribution
·Time Zone Chengdu UTC/GMT+8H
Flying Creative Park was formerly established in 1996 as “Chengdu Glider Factory of Chinese Glider Industry”.Nearby was the Taiping Temple Military Airfiled，built during the War of Resistance against Japan to stabilize the rear area and resist Janpanese air attacks.
·Location Chengdu 102°54′~104°53′E,30°05~31°26′N
Crew
Crew
Crew
·Chengdu City
Age
THE HUB
Time Active
Public vs Private
Age
Time Active
Age
20-45 Years
20-45 Years Territory
Crew
Public vs Private
Crew
Pupils
Commuters
Tenements
Time Active
Age
15-25 Years Territory
Public vs Private
Time Active
20-50 Years Territory
Crew
Artists
Public vs Private
Age
Time Active
35-65 Years Territory
Crew
Residents
Public vs Private
Age
Star
Time Active
Age
17-35 Years Territory
Public vs Private
Crew
Crew
Web celebrity
Time Active
Age
18-50 Years Territory
Public vs Private
Designer
Government official Time Active
Public vs Private
Time Active
20-45 Years
30-60 Years Territory
Age
Territory
Public vs Private
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Use of Public Places
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Types of Dwelling
Flying creative center
Site drawing of the surrounding environment
Hangar explosion diagram
Site historical context
The analysis
Roof
Early in 1939, the Nationalist Government secretly ordered the construction of the Taiping Temple Airport in Chengdu. Nearly half a million people were recruited to build the Taiping Temple Airport, which covers an area of 67.6 hectares.
·Road Primary path Road
Roof insulation
Garden path
·Traffic Mass transit Roof binding member
Motor vehicle Bicycle Pedestrian
Roof binding member
Overall sketch
A
Column
·Building Park building Hangar
Metope
Urban fabric 10000
Iron door Route map
406
00m m
m 00m 304
Ground
·Material
cem
d ate pid a l i D
ent
ll Wa bric
od wo
k
ss gla
A
Section A—A
Green plant types
Straight-line distance~1000m Traveling distance~7200m
Agave Americana
Sage
Salvia Superba
Dracaena Marginata
Lagerstroemia Indica
Picea Abies
Robinia Pseudoacacia
Territory
CONCEPT Explosion diagram
Explosion diagram
"Fortress besieged"
"Two"
"First snow"
1
2
3
"Navigation tower"
"Capharnaüm"
"Suffering"
4
5
6
"Nightmare"
"La Traviata"
"Genuine and sham"
7
8
Explosion diagram
f Roo
9
oor l f ond Sec
150 550
150 2550
2550
Plan and Section
3850
150
6210
3200 150
240
8205 150
5515 240
6311 240
14720
2000
240
1-1 section 240
2-2 section
240
240 6520
10060
6000
240
240 6700
2500 500
3811
6730
500
7230
6490
loor f t Firs
500 1010
2
2 1
1
First floor plan
Second floor plan ·Original building name： Hanger ·Original building dimensions： 40600*30600*10000mm ·Project dimensions： 25700*24000*6700mm
FINAL Design renderings
·Material
Gradient cement Cement finish
Wood
Glass
Latex paint
Cement board Red brick wall
02 A joyful land
I had three dogs when I was a child and they are
Pet space design
in life, more and more people are getting them. In the midst of the crazy expansion of urbanisation, I
Site:Wuhou district,Chengdu,China Individual work July, 2021
friends that I cannot forget. Pets are an important and indispensable companion
hope there is an area in the city that is shared and equal for both humans and pets.
RESEARCH DE C
Basic situation of pet owners
Moult cycle of dogs On business trip
Pet-friendly materials
V
Difficult to carry Expensive to see a doctor
Environmental conditions Golden Retriever Poodle
2-7 days
OC
T
Fostering method (cage or not)
Travel Read
4000-9999¥ 2-3 times
Married with children
Female
Chlorophytu comosum
Saintpaulia
Sage
Pteridophyta
Ocimum basilicum
Phalaenopsis
Aeschynanthu
Cyclamen
Wood
Non-slip stone
Undergraduate
M AR
Post-90s
SEP
Once
Pet-friendly plants
JA N
Golden Retriever Samoyed Alaskan Malamute Great Pyrenees Labrador retriever Shiba Inu Siberian Husky Border Collie Chow Chow Welsh Corgi Bichon Frise Poodle Miniature Schnazuer Pomeranian French Bulldog Pug Chihuahua
FEB
According to the development status of China's pet industry in 2020, summarize some basic conditions of pet owners.
NO
Single
Breathable fabric
AU
AP R
100
G
%
care pet foster factors of ster fo t pe of days r care of pet foste frequency t foster scene of pe pets of keeping pain points er pref ence pet breed hobbies pet owner's tus marital sta Pet owner's tus income sta pet owner's ation uc ed r's Pet owne gender r's ne ow t Pe
80 60 40 20
Edible rubber
MA
J UL
Y
0
J UN
Dog's daily exercise time
ages Pet owner's
Vision in dogs ·Dog's visual field of view
Data from: 2020 China Pet Industry White Paper
·The color of the world in the eyes of dogs
60° 26%-50%
51-75%
76%-100%
15
0-25%
0°
The individual habits of dogs Intimacy
Docile
Adaptability Discipline
Judgment
Bravery
Sensitivity Activity level
Dog's hair length Golden Retriever
Blue series
Samoyed
Black,white,gray
Alaskan Malamute
Yellow series
Great Pyrenees Labrador retriever
short hair
Shiba Inu
·Dog's visual acuity
Siberian Husky
75 feet
Border Collie Chow Chow Welsh Corgi
medium long hair
Chihuahua
The most popular dog breeds
Pug
Chihuahua
Pomeranian
French Bulldog
Poodle
Bichon Frise
Chow Chow
Small breed dog
Welsh Corgi
Border Collie
Shiba Inu
Medium breed dog
Miniature Schnazuer
Pug
Great Pyrenees
French Bulldog
Alaskan Malamute
long hair
Samoyed
Pomeranian
Golden Retriever
Large breed dog
Miniature Schnazuer
Siberian Husky
Poodle
Labrador retriever
Bichon Frise
Analysis of dog's gait Design stairs suitable for dogs to achieve the purpose of harmonious coexistence between humans and dogs.
H:55-68cm/25-31.5kg
H:48-64cm/20-30kg
H:65-71cm/35-55kg
H:65-85cm/45-90kg
H:50-59cm/20-52kg
H:33-41cm/20-52kg
H:51-58cm/16-27kg
H:24-30cm/10-12kg
H:23-30cm/6-11kg
H:28-38cm/6-9kg
H:28-35cm/6-9kg
H:30-39cm/6-9kg
H:22-28cm/2-3.5kg
H:17-25cm/8-13kg
H:25-28cm/6-8kg
Data from: Giovanna,Catavitello,Yuri Ivanenko.Francesco Lacquaniti,Planar Covariation of Hindlimb and Forelimb Elevation Angles during Terrestrial and Aquatic Locomotion of Dogs.July 2015,PLoS ONE 10(7) Scapula spine
H:46-53cm/12-24kg
Hip Example: Golden Retriever and Labrador Retriever
H:46-56cm/16-27kg
20 feet
20/20 vision of a normal person, 20/75 vision of a normal dog.
Details Details Details Details Details Details Details Details Details
H:10-15cm/1-3kg
Scapula
Thigh Shoulder Knee
Uper arm Shank
Elbow
Ankle
Foot Wrist
Lower arm Hand
0.2m–0.35m 1m–1.15m
SITE ANALYSIS Location
Analysis of neighborhood building environment attributes
Nation:China Province:Sichuan City:Chengdu Region:Wuhou District
·Population density and population attributes analysis Age structure
Education background Undergraduate Master PhD Specialist High school
25-34 35-44 19-24 45-54 55-100
Radiation radius range 1.5km
Total population living in the surrounding area: 29,7000
^ Chengdu,Sichuan Province
Male 50.46% Profession
Vehicle condition No car Have a car
Staff Service personnel Medical personnel Faculty Researcher Other Housewife
^ Wuhou District,Chengdu
Female 49.54%
Plants analysis
Green area Residential area ^ Population of each sub-district Shiyang Street,Wuhou District
Business area
Data from: National Bureau of Statistics, Location Map Service Provider, Boundary Hunter Offline Big Data
Dayuan Central Park is located in the Dayuan section of
Azalea
Hydrangea macrophylla
Laurus nobilis
Iris
Populus
Camellia japonica
Cyclamen persicum
Ginkgo biloba
Strelitzia reginae
Cinnamomum camphora
·Street layout
the southern part of Chengdu. To the north and west of the park are the core residential areas of the Dayuan section. More than 200,000 people live here; to the east are office buildings gathered together, and the work efficiency is comparable to that of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen business district.
In the analysis area, the street layout is in a grid street pattern, and the intersection density and street integration of the three road levels all reflect the connectivity of the street. Reflects the number of turns(changes in direction), means of transportation and time spent from a location to the project site.
Lin e
5
Shihao Plaza and Ito-yokado
Forte·Fucheng International
an d
Me
tro
Waters
Day
na
n
Av
en u
e
Greens area Jia n
Resting area Business area
uan
Kind
Cen
erga
Mid
dle
1-level road 2-level road
tral
rten
Par
scho
ol
k Entrance
Subway
Other way
Highway
Other way
3-level road Park road
Field size: 211,000㎡ Residential area
Dayuan Central Park
Business area
Road
Other way
Intersection density
PROJECT POSITIONING location analysis
Actions of people and dogs
General floor plan A
B
let's go, let's take a walk!
·The main entrances for people to enter the Dayuan Central Park.
5 1
6
2 7
Entrance
3
The dog is rolling and I want to pet it!
·Direction of travel between the main entrances to the Dayuan Central Park.
3
3
3
Entrance
4 Oh, I'm so tired, let's sit down and rest for a while!
·Direction of travel between the main entrances to the Dayuan Central Park and the artificial lake.
A'
B'
Space model
1
2
3
5
6
7
Entrance
·The location and density of the main population playing in the Dayuan Central Park.
Boy, catch the ball!
4
1150
13 0
SPACE MODEL
20 2050
380
50
70
1850
3000
80 000
505
700
00
350
250 700
1720
6985
665
665
10260
315 315 315
70
80
50 50 80
1600 1300
11 80
380
50
925
1 50
7720
70
3500 935
333
615
1130
1750
1500
1268
3500
3060
3000
1268
1115
6110
000
Section A-A'
1720
10310
1090 15
50
11 80
80
1760
80
3000
65 65 670
625
555
5300
1700
20 5
1300
1100
SPACE MODEL
6300 2700 000
000
500
1500
000
200
1 000 750
7500
125
750
750
7000
1 000
5160
10
6300
150
2700
1150
9000
7500
750
9000
2500
500
750
9625
000
500
000 1 000
Section B-B'
1500
000
FINAL
Space 1
Space 3
Space 2
Space 4
FINAL
Space 5 / 6
Space 7
03 Somewhere in the remodel Old Reformation Space design Site:Shuangliu district,Chengdu,China Individual work September, 2021 It is an ancient town full of history and visited by tens of thousands of tourists every year. The street has undergone a transformation, but the results have been poor. I therefore propose appropriate solutions by analysing four prominent problems in terms of history, traditional culture, applicable people and real life situations.
LOCATION AND SITE RESEARCH Location
The appearance of the ancient town
The ancient name of Huanglongxi is "Chishui", according to "Renshou County Chronicles": "Chishui and Jinjiang converge, the stream is brown, the river is clear, the ancients called the Huanglongxi Qingjiang, the true dragon is inside the Tibetan", "Lidu", "Huanglong Ganlu Stele" "Remember that Huanglong sees Wuyang incident, cast a tripod, shaped like a dragon, submerged in the water, hence the name Huanglongxi Huanglongxi".
At the entrance of the scenic spot, commercial waiters solicit business.
Shops on both sides of the street.
Tourists and businesses soliciting business on the street.
Children and adults playing in the water.
40km
ChengDu
Element extraction
Huanglongxi
Che
ngD
u
Oil paper umbrella
Arched
candied fruit
Tile
Leaky window
candied fruit
Round door
Garden frame window
Arch bridge
Boat
Cultural diversity Sich uan Province
Huanglongxi Town
Analysis Fire dragon ·Human traffic High Medium Low
Pray for good weather and good harvest in the coming year.
Lion dance
"Da Geng"
Sichuan Opera "Bian Lian"
Sugar figurine
Covered Tea
The performers dress up as lions and make various movements in order to be happy and auspicious.
The night time reporting system of ancient Chinese folk, every change is about two hours.
It is a kind of stunt in the art of Sichuan Opera to shape characters.
It is a variety of shapes made of boiled sucrose or maltose, including characters, animals and plants.
A traditional tea-drinking custom, is a tea set with a lid, a bowl and a holder on the bottom.
Site analysis
Street scale ·1-1'
·2-2'
·3-3'
·4-4'
·5-5'
·6-6'
6 11900
5500
Entrance Traffic node Main road Luxi River
11900
·Road type Highway Restrictions allow vehicles to travel Sidewalk
5
6'
4
7500
14000
10000
16000
15000
15500
Existing problems
5' 3
·Nature
2
4'
1
River Scenic area
3'
·Building use
2'
Types of stores Specialty store
1'
Restaurant&hostel
Restaurant Specialty shop Clothing store Pharmacy hotel Store Public toilet
1. Old toilets and garbage collection points in need of repairs.
2. Randomly parked electric bikes looks very disorganized.
3. The small water ditch runs out of water,dirty and ugly.
4. The facade of the street is not uniform, and the shops are cluttered.
SITE STATUS AND PROBLEMS Crowd Behavior Analysis Problems performance
Street crowd density
·Tourists
3:00 E at
un ch E at l
1. In the public toilet on this street, there is a trash can. Due to the large flow of people, the amount of garbage is also relatively large, and garbage overflows often occur. The situation on the ground causes a bad environment and affects the ancient town image.
l un
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
24:00
0
ch
100
i n g Re
la x
200
, B a ck to t h e h o t t s e eing el S ig h l e v a Sig h r T t
se e
300 400 Leisure, Entertainment,P
·Quantity
·Trend
l a y,S
Local residents and businessmen Tourists
i gh ts
ee
i ng
ho pp
in g
·Tourists
·Businessmen rti h pa B ot
e s trad e
Solicit busi n ess
a nd
pa
rt i e
Street image has space for improvement. Too many merchants are competing for customers.
st
ho me Go k or e r to w in n G o
·Businessmen Small gutters are useless and easy to accumulate garbages. These green plants are also perfunctory.
tb l ici
u s in
Ea
ess
Both parti es
t r ad
td
e
2
So
1
Hav e f u n
3. The unreasonable green belt design and the immobile water system have caused the phenomenon of no water in the small ditch. Resulting in the accumulation of dust, garbage, waste residue, etc. in the small ditch, and the green plants around the ditch also need to be repaired.
nch Ea t lu
E xe r ci se S oli c it b u
sin
de
e s s R el
ra
ax
Local resident and businessmen Tourists
Crowd interview
Eat dinn er, S
2. For people working in nearby businesses, the means of transportation they use to go to work are randomly placed on the side of the road without planning, boundaries, or order. As a result, it looks very messy, and there will be conflicts between car owners because of scratches.
6:00
·Local residents
Lunch with fami
en
t
Bad looking electric bikes lying around.
ea
The rubbish pile in front of the toilet is very messy.
Take
aw al k
em
Ta k
lk
an d A m r el a us
x
ly
wa
3
·Local residents
4
a fu n e Ta ke
e nt
cise E xer k w al
Am use m
Ta k
d ho me Di nner wit h f e chil e th e n d c hil d r e n t o s c h o o l a mi l y S
Ha
v
4. Shop signage and confusion on the store front. Since there are several commercial spaces with different attributes on this street, there is no unified planning or requirements for the facade, so merchants often make signs and facades according to their own needs and preferences.
Plants
Morning Afternoon & evening
Chrysanthemum
Bulrush
Cinnamon
Photinia fraseri
Loropetalum
EVOLUTION
4000
Electric bikes parking
2000
5000
800
17200 28000
3000
450
1700 2000 300 4000
900 500
Landscape planning 6755 4755
4870 2000
Landscape planning Facade 6
Facade 2
Garbage in front of toilet
3000
Facade 4,5
Facade 1 2465 6300
Facade design
450
Facade 3
Garbage in front of toilet Electric bikes parking
RENDERINGS Floor plan
2
1
2 3
4 1
3
4
04 Remember the memory
Display space design Site:Mars Group work March, 2022 I was very interested in science fiction films and novels and how I felt about immigration after leaving the country, and from "immigration" I thought of "interstellar immigration". So, the time is set after the rush to build a city and the excitement of interstellar migration, on Mars, to build a space full of memories, memories of Earth.
INSPIRATION Earth’s carrying capacity The earth system is itself an integrated cxcsystem, but it can be subdivided into five main components, sub-systems or spheres. Human intervention is actually a consequence of human activities on these spheres. All intervention changes earth's carrying capacity. In addition, human population, now nearing 8 billion, cannot continue to grow indefinitely. I mean, There are limits to the life-sustaining resources earth can provide us. It can be defined as a species’ average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds. However, our planet does not have the biocapacity to sustain our current levels of growth and resource consumption.
The great acceleration Active Zone
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Human Intervention
Food
Shelter
Clothing
The Great Acceleration is the dramatic, continuous and roughly simultaneous surge in growth rate across a large range of measures of human activity, first recorded in mid-20th century and continuing to this day. The last 250 years have without doubt seen the most rapid transformation of the human relationship with the natural world in the history of humankind. … The magnitude, spatial scale, and pace of human-induced change are unprecedented in human history and perhaps in the history of the Earth; the Earth System is now operating in a ‘no-analogue state’.
Geospere
Hydrosphere
Cyrosphere
But happily, with the development of science and technology, man began to explore space. Scientists have found That Mars is a suitable planet for human colonization and have conducted a series of studies on Mars.
Human Wants
Shelter is undoubtedly one of the most important of all human needs. So what would shelter look like on Mars?
So, what can we do?
Ecological Unbalance Resource Exploitation Space Exploration Science & Technology World Population Human Wants
Future
Industrial revolution 'early' anthropocene
Highly exploited areas
Transportation development
Haber-bosch process population boom
Global spread of radionuclide Dust from Automic testing The great acceleration
Earth-Mars CONNECTION Similarity - Earth & Mars
Earth environment simulation
Take On Mars The design will take these memories from Earth to Mars when future humans colonize the planet. In addition to the simulation of the earth environment, we connected various buildings with the path of the exhibition, so that the impression of the earth can be more deeply preserved.
Methane
Atmosphere
Evaporation
Carbon Dioxide
Air Temperature
Precipitation
Burnt Area
Net Ecosystem Exchange
Black Sky Albedo
No matter what stage of planetary exploration, earth is still the origin of mankind. These memories will follow humanity into eternity.
Human activities - Shopping Shop 4
Shop 3
Shop 2
Various shops are connected in the form of exhibitions, and each exhibition is a shopping experience.
Surface layer Shop 1
Shop 7 Season Shop 6
Time of day
Shop 5
CONCEPTION
Model process
Mars Earth
The orbits of the mars and the earth
Framework
Path conections
Circulation rebuild Circulation
Circulation rebuild
Framework create
Hanging Object
A
Section A-A' m r=16
1.5 1 2m
4m
DETAIL SECTION
r=1 2m r=8m
r=6m
A'
Entrance The second floor
Entrance Ground floor
Unfinished --This project was born out of my interest,I love science fiction films and science fiction novels, and I like to think outside the box. But at this stage, I can only come up with a concept for a project that is overhead and fantastical, and there are still vulnerabilities in both the process and the outcome.