AN AREA OF (4,110 km2) TECHNOLOGY COMMPATITIVE
ONE OF THE SEVEN EMIRATES OF DUBAI
NEAR THE PERSIAN GULF
LOATED IN BETWEEN SHARJAH AND ABU-DAUBI
LOCATION
Index
1 - New & Old Dubai briefly
- Historical background Failure of the master plan Harris’ master plan introduced. After discover the oil. Population of Dubai. The Dubai structural plan. The lack of urban form. Population growth.
2 3 - De-centralization
4
- Dubai 2020 urbanism development Urbanization context Urbanization parameters Transportation in Dubai Car ownership and highway system highways sheikh zayed roads salik taxation system.
New Dubai
Old Dubai
IN 1960 - Dubaiâ€&#x;s population had reached an estimated 40,000. - The city was entering what is referred to as its second development phase. - Did not have much infrastructure, lacking paved roads, utility networks, running water and modern supply ports, with few telephone lines.
HARRISâ€&#x; MASTER PLAN INTRODUCED - A road system - Zoning of the town into areas for industry, commerce and public buildings, residential quarters and a new town center.
AFTER DISCOVER THE OIL
- In 1966 : The modest design of the 1960 master plan was quickly enhanced. - The updated plan of 1971 included a tunnel and two bridges across the Dubai Creek and the vision for Port Rashid. The zoning areas from the original master plan were increased in size while new zoning areas such as health, education and leisure arose. - The landmark World Trade Center was designed by John Harris himself and was the tallest building in the Arab world from 1979(its opening) until 1999.
Failure of the Master Plan There is a criticism of Dubai that the city has evolved from a tabula rasa in the desert into an exclusive “generic twenty-first century metropolis� with no attempt to control urban development through a master plan. What many critics do not know is that Dubai has laid out numerous master plans since 1960, all of which have gone unnoticed because they failed to anticipate the rapid growth of the city. However, a better criticism may be to question how beneficial a master plan is to a city.
The first master plan of Dubai was assigned to British architect John Harris in 1960 by Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum.
POPULATION OF DUBAI
-
In 1954 doubled from 20,000 to 40,000 by 1960, driving the need for the first master plan. By 1968 the population had grown by another 20,000 people. The census recorded populations of 183,000, 370,800 and 674,000 in 1975, 1985, and 1995, respectively.
THE DUBAI STRUCTURAL PLAN
With a growth of over 300% in 20 years, the Dubai Municipality prepared a 20-year plan (The Dubai Structural Plan) that aimed be flexible and adapt well to changes. The plan created a grid network of roads which can be seen in the form of the city today. „Spatial Growth Alternativesâ€&#x; are developed into the plan, allowing for flexible extensions of zones and the creation of new nodes.
Has the plan been responsible for the cityâ€&#x;s current lack of urban form?
It can be argued both yes and no.
On the one hand, Dubai has implemented over five different development plans since the mid 1980s, all of which have failed to accommodate for the rapid growth which has been occurring since the 1960s. The plans have all been envisioned without any three-dimensional aides/ guidelines. But for the most part, the main issue with these plans is that they fail to create criteria for social equality.
On the other hand, one can argue that a master plan is not essential to a cityâ€&#x;s success and in some cases can actually deter the growth and prosperity of the city. Dubai is an economically successful city, reaching growth rates in GDP and population at unheard of rates and for the most part it can be seen as an unplanned city.
October 2011 -The Dubai Executive Council (DEC) approved the Dubai Urban Development Master Plan-2020 that has been in the works since 2007 by Australian firm URBIS. - Dubai Municipality has announced that it will establish a „Supreme Urban Planning Councilâ€&#x; to streamline the urban and environmental planning process. The three key modules for the 2020 plan are a vision for Dubai -
An integrated city Regional development planning framework. A legal and institutional framework.
The vision hopes to improve social, economic and environmental sustainability by directly addressing transportation, housing affordability, culture integration and waste management; the first plan to mention any of these key issues.
POPULATION GROUTH
Dubai 1899 clustered unreadable urban configuration.
Dubai 1950 More clustered , compacted , more services .
Dubai 1990 Much more modified urban configuration.
Decentralization
centralization
Dominated city center
Decentralization Further development in Dubai specially after the discovery of oil and the huge investment leaded to the configuration of new cities core that the far villages get use of it witch it called suburbanization. This cores what makes them city centers is the population around it and how much activities it has Activities such as ( university's , schools , malls , hotels ).
Dubai used to have one core one center use to the main city Where all surrounding villages depends on it how ever it used to have the main services such as mosque and small schools and fishing shops as the sea is part of the main city core .
Dubai 2020 Urbanism
Since 1950, Dubai population drew about 100 times from a small town of 20 thousands inhabitants (as estimated in 2010). While its urban fabric extended rapidly 400 times. The adopted population forecast for 2020 is 2.8 million inhabitants. However, the plan is made flexible and allow for a higher growth where required. The plan covers the Dubai Emirate territories including the sea territory within the 12 nautical miles, the existing urban fabric and committed urban land, and the desert territory and non-urban land including Hatta Province. The Dubai 2020 Urban Masterplan adopts flexible, sustainable, and competitive approach to achieve a city of excellence. Active Individuals‟ Movement During the Day in Dubai - 2007
1950
1966
As the population (migration + locals) increased the inhabitants increased as well. Since 1950 Dubai population grew about 100 times from a small town of 20,000 inhabitants to 1.9 million inhabitants.
1980
Population Pyramid for Dubai – 2007
1990
2000
2012
Urbanization Context •
The Emirates main land (excluding Hatta Province – 127 Sq.Km) covers 3978 Sq.Km, of which 20% approximately covered by the existing urban fabric and projects under construction (generally located west of the outer by-pass road).
•
The undeveloped land (which was committed before 2008 for urbanization) covers also 20% approximately of the Emirates main land area.
•
The sea territory within 12 nautical miles covers 1450 Sq.Km approximately. By 2008, approximately 23% of this territory was subject to dredging and reclamation as offshore man-made islands. These islands at 2010 are partially developed and urbanized.
•
The increasing movement of people during the day is mainly due to the availability of various investment opportunities in the emirate, which requires many people from other emirates to come to Dubai on a daily basis to manage their business or work for others.
•
Metro Line
The trend seen in Dubai’s population growth continues however, as preliminary statistics collected by the Dubai Statistic Center estimate another five percent growth in 2014. Active Daytime Population 2007-2014
Commercial
Education Areas
Plot Map
Population Growth 2010-2020 Population Growth
2010 Population
2020 Population
Parameters
Low Growth Scenario
1,905,000
2,322,200
Medium Growth Scenario
1,905,000
2,817,800
High Growth Scenario
1,905,000
3,410,000
Preserves the current National population ratio at 9.1% of the total population. Population growth for both Nationals and Expatriates of 2% per annum. GDP growth estimates are applied for individual industry sectors, guided by an overall GDP growth indicator of 5% per annum up to 2020. Overall employment growth of 3.5% per annum up to 2020. Annual population growth of 5% for 2010-2015 and 7% for 2015-2020 (based on the direction of TEC).
Urbanization Parameters Area-1 Offshore Islands Sensitive environment manmade islands for urban/ resorts development and tourism. Area-2 Metropolitan Area Area 1 and 2 cover: -existing urban fabric -on-going mega projects -on-hold or deferred mega projects (recommended to be developed beyond 2020 where required).
Area-3 Non-Urban Area Desert land including land uses for: -equestrian and camel traditional sport activities and related uses -resorts -conservation areas -utilities -non-urban settlements -special uses
Area-4 Non-Urban Area (industrial area) Desert land including land uses for: -conservation areas -resorts -gas extraction area -aquifer zone -framing settlements -utilities -special uses
Transportation in Dubai Since Dubai is one of the fastest growing cities in today's world, making the provision of high quality infrastructure facilities absolutely imperative, and since providing an advanced transport network for the people of Dubai has been high on the government’s plan, which is enhancing the public transport facilities and improving roads across the emirate to make travel safer and smoother, the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) was formed by the decree number 17 for the year 2005. RTA is responsible for planning and providing the requirements of transport, roads & traffic in the Emirate of Dubai, and between Dubai and other Emirates of the UAE, neighboring countries in order to provide an effective & an integrated transport system capable of achieving Dubai's vision & serving the vital interests of the Emirate.
Car ownership and highway system Because of the growing population, commuters in Dubai experience a high amount of traffic congestion. The city has become the most congested city in the Middle East. Professionals working in Dubai spend an average of 1 hour and 45 minutes commuting to and from work. The government has invested heavily in the Dubai's road infrastructure, although this has not kept pace with the increase in the number of vehicles. This, coupled with the induced traffic phenomenon, has led to growing problems of congestion. Traffic congestion, the single biggest concern among Dubai's 1.44 million residents, inflicts losses of Dh4.6 billion or 3.15% of the emirate's Dh146 billion GDP a year. The city has a car ownership rate of 541 cars per 1,000 population. This figure exceeds that of cities like New York City [444 cars per 1,000 population], London [345 cars per 1,000 population] and Singapore [111 cars per 1,000 population]. If this trend continues, then by 2020, there will be 5.3 million registered cars in Dubai. Car ownership vs public transport usage Cars per 100 people
Public transport %
100 80 60 40 20 0 Singapore
London
New York
Dubai
Highway System Major roads typically surround a community or locality within the city and are addressed by a name and a three digit identification number. Streets within a locality are identified with a two digit number. Street numbers are repeated within each locality.
Sheikh Zayed Road The first highway in Dubai was constructed in 1980, it’s known as "Sheikh Zayed Road" This road is the main artery of the city. The highway runs parallel to the coastline from Trade Centre Roundabout to the border with the emirate of Abu Dhabi, 55 kilometers (34 mi) away in the area of Jebel Ali. The Sheikh Zayed Road is home to most of Dubai's skyscrapers, including the Emirates Towers. The highway also connects other new developments such as the Palm Jumeirah and Dubai Marina. The road has most of the Red Line of Dubai Metro running alongside it. In Dubai itself much of the highway has seven to eight lanes in each direction.
Service roads
Seconda ry roads
Main roads
Salik Road Tax Salik is the name given to the electronic tax road system in Dubai, which is based on RFID technology, automatically deducting a fee when a tax gate is passed under. The Salik tax was launched by Dubai's Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) on 1 July 2007. Motorists are required to buy a 100 AED pre-paid card that is affixed to their windscreens. 4 AED is deducted from their account each time they pass through a tax gate. Initially, there were two tax gates, one near Al Garhoud Bridge, and one near Mall of the Emirates on Sheikh Zayed Road, but later in September 2008 two more gates were installed on Maktoum Bridge and at Safa.
Thank you Hajer .m.taha
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